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Eskesen NO, Kjøbsted R, Birk JB, Henriksen NS, Andersen NR, Ringholm S, Pilegaard H, Wojtaszewski JFP. The human AMPKγ3 R225W mutation negatively impacts site-1 nucleotide binding and does not enhance basal AMPKγ3-associated activity nor glycogen production in human or mouse skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14213. [PMID: 39171449 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated during cellular energy perturbation. AMPK complexes are composed of three subunits and several variants of AMPK are expressed in skeletal muscle. The regulatory AMPKγ3 subunit is predominantly expressed in fast-twitch muscle fibers. A human AMPKγ3 R225W mutation has been described. The mutation increases the total pool of AMPK activity in cells cultured from R225W carrier muscle and is associated with increased glycogen levels in mature skeletal muscle. This led to the idea of AMPKγ3 being involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen levels. Evidence for this causative link remains to be provided. METHODS We studied muscle biopsies from human carriers of the AMPKγ3 R225W mutation and we developed a novel AMPKγ3 R225W knock-in mouse model (KI HOM). Through in vitro, in situ, and ex vivo techniques, we investigated AMPK activity, AMPK function, and glycogen levels in skeletal muscle of humans and mice. RESULTS In human carriers, the basal AMPKγ3-associated activity was reduced when assayed in the absence of exogenous AMP. No difference was observed when assayed under AMP saturation, which was supported by findings in muscle of KI HOM mice. Furthermore, effects of AICAR/muscle contraction on AMPKγ3-associated activity were absent in KI HOM muscle. Muscle glycogen levels were not affected by the mutation in human carriers or in KI HOM mice. CONCLUSIONS The AMPKγ3 R225W mutation does not impact the AMPK-associated activity in human skeletal muscle and the mutation is not linked to glycogen accumulation. The R225W mutation ablates the AMPKγ3-associated activation by AICAR/muscle contractions, presumably due to loss of nucleotide binding in the CBS 1 domain of AMPKγ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas O Eskesen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bratz Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai S Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Ringholm
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sabag A, Patten RK, Moreno-Asso A, Colombo GE, Dafauce Bouzo X, Moran LJ, Harrison C, Kazemi M, Mousa A, Tay CT, Hirschberg AL, Redman LM, Teede HJ. Exercise in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A position statement from Exercise and Sports Science Australia. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:668-677. [PMID: 38960811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition amongst females of reproductive age, leading to lifelong cardiometabolic, reproductive, psychological, and dermatologic symptoms as well as a reduced quality of life. Lifestyle interventions, which can include structured exercise programmes delivered by appropriately trained exercise professionals such as clinical exercise physiologists, are considered first-line strategies in PCOS management due to their therapeutic effects on various health outcomes and quality of life. This position statement builds on the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS and describes the role of the exercise professional in the context of the multidisciplinary care team which includes physicians and allied health professionals. This position statement aims to equip exercise professionals with a broad understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS, how it is diagnosed and managed in clinical practice, and evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for physical activity and exercise in PCOS management. In line with the physical activity recommendations for the general public, individuals with PCOS should aim to undertake between 150 to 300min of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week. Additionally, muscle-strengthening activities on two non-consecutive days per week are recommended to maintain health and prevent weight gain. For further health benefits and to achieve modest weight loss, individuals with PCOS should aim for a minimum of 250min of moderate-intensity or 150min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week, plus muscle-strengthening activities on two non-consecutive days per week. Adolescents with PCOS should aim for a minimum of 60min moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity each day, incorporating muscle- and bone-strengthening activities three times per week. Finally, exercise professionals should consider the significant psychological burden, including weight stigma, and the high prevalence of comorbidities amongst individuals with PCOS and take appropriate measures to deliver safe and efficacious exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Giorgia E Colombo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Xela Dafauce Bouzo
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Cheryce Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chau Tien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
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3
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Pollard AE. New concepts in the roles of AMPK in adipocyte stem cell biology. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20240008. [PMID: 39175418 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20240008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many life-threatening diseases. Adipose tissue dysfunction is emerging as a driving factor in the transition from excess adiposity to comorbidities such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and cancer. However, the transition from healthy adipose expansion to the development of these conditions is poorly understood. Adipose stem cells, residing in the vasculature and stromal regions of subcutaneous and visceral depots, are responsible for the expansion and maintenance of organ function, and are now recognised as key mediators of pathological transformation. Impaired tissue expansion drives inflammation, dysregulation of endocrine function and the deposition of lipids in the liver, muscle and around vital organs, where it is toxic. Contrary to previous hypotheses, it is the promotion of healthy adipose tissue expansion and function, not inhibition of adipogenesis, that presents the most attractive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of metabolic disease. AMP-activated protein kinase, a master regulator of energy homeostasis, has been regarded as one such target, due to its central role in adipose tissue lipid metabolism, and its apparent inhibition of adipogenesis. However, recent studies utilising AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-specific compounds highlight a more subtle, time-dependent role for AMPK in the process of adipogenesis, and in a previously unexplored repression of leptin, independent of adipocyte maturity. In this article, I discuss historic evidence for AMPK-mediated adipogenesis inhibition and the multi-faceted roles for AMPK in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Pollard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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4
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Ashraf N, Van Nostrand JL. Fine-tuning AMPK in physiology and disease using point-mutant mouse models. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050798. [PMID: 39136185 PMCID: PMC11340815 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that monitors the cellular energy status to adapt it to the fluctuating nutritional and environmental conditions in an organism. AMPK plays an integral part in a wide array of physiological processes, such as cell growth, autophagy and mitochondrial function, and is implicated in diverse diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. AMPK orchestrates many different physiological outcomes by phosphorylating a broad range of downstream substrates. However, the importance of AMPK-mediated regulation of these substrates in vivo remains an ongoing area of investigation to better understand its precise role in cellular and metabolic homeostasis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of our understanding of the kinase function of AMPK in vivo, as uncovered from mouse models that harbor phosphorylation mutations in AMPK substrates. We discuss some of the inherent limitations of these mouse models, highlight the broader implications of these studies for understanding human health and disease, and explore the valuable insights gained that could inform future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic and non-metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmana Ashraf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeanine L. Van Nostrand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang H, Kwak SE, Zheng A, Arias EB, Pan X, Duan D, Cartee GD. Phosphorylation of AS160-serine 704 is not essential for exercise-increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscles from female or male rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E807-E818. [PMID: 38656130 PMCID: PMC11376492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00010.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
One exercise session can increase subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by skeletal muscle from rodents and humans of both sexes. We recently found that concurrent mutation of three key sites to prevent their phosphorylation (Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704) on Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; also known as TBC1D4) reduced the magnitude of the enhancement of postexercise ISGU (PEX-ISGU) by muscle from male, but not female rats. However, we did not test the role of individual phosphorylation sites on PEX-ISGU. Accordingly, our current aim was to test whether AS160 Ser704 phosphorylation (pSer704) is required for elevated PEX-ISGU by muscle. AS160-knockout (AS160-KO) rats (female and male) were studied when either in sedentary or 3 h after acute exercise. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used to enable muscle expression of wild-type AS160 (AAV-WT-AS160) or AS160 mutated Ser704 to alanine to prevent phosphorylation (AAV-1P-AS160). Paired epitrochlearis muscles from each rat were injected with AAV-WT-AS160 or AAV-1P-AS160. We discovered that regardless of sex 1) AS160 abundance in AS160-KO rats was similar in paired muscles expressing WT-AS160 versus 1P-AS160; 2) muscles from exercised versus sedentary rats had greater ISGU, and PEX-ISGU was slightly greater for muscles expressing 1P-AS160 versus contralateral muscles expressing WT-AS160; and 3) pAS160Thr642 was lower in muscles expressing 1P-AS160 versus paired muscles expressing WT-AS160. These results indicate that pAS160Ser704 was not essential for elevated PEX-ISGU by skeletal muscle from rats of either sex. Furthermore, elimination of the postexercise increase in pAS160Thr642 did not lessen the postexercise effect on ISGU.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study evaluated the role of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation on Ser704 in increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle after exercise. Adeno-associated virus vectors were engineered to express either wild-type-AS160 or AS160 mutated so that it could not be phosphorylated on Ser704 in paired muscles from AS160-knockout rats. The results demonstrated that AS160 phosphorylation on Ser704 was not essential for exercise-induced elevation in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rats of either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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6
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Langer HT, Rohm M, Goncalves MD, Sylow L. AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y. [PMID: 38760482 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ground-breaking discoveries have established 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central sensor of metabolic stress in cells and tissues. AMPK is activated through cellular starvation, exercise and drugs by either directly or indirectly affecting the intracellular AMP (or ADP) to ATP ratio. In turn, AMPK regulates multiple processes of cell metabolism, such as the maintenance of cellular ATP levels, via the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, glycolysis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis and protein synthesis. These findings support the notion that AMPK is a crucial regulator of cell catabolism. However, studies have revealed that AMPK's role in cell homeostasis might not be as unidirectional as originally thought. This Review explores emerging evidence for AMPK as a promoter of cell survival and an enhancer of anabolic capacity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during catabolic crises. We discuss AMPK-activating interventions for tissue preservation during tissue wasting in cancer-associated cachexia and explore the clinical potential of AMPK activation in wasting conditions. Overall, we provide arguments that call for a shift in the current dogma of AMPK as a mere regulator of cell catabolism, concluding that AMPK has an unexpected role in tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus DaSilva Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Ray A, Wen J, Yammine L, Culver J, Parida IS, Garren J, Xue L, Hales K, Xiang Q, Birnbaum MJ, Zhang BB, Monetti M, McGraw TE. Regulated dynamic subcellular GLUT4 localization revealed by proximal proteome mapping in human muscle cells. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261454. [PMID: 38126809 PMCID: PMC10753500 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of glucose transport, which is central for control of whole-body metabolism, is determined by the amount of GLUT4 glucose transporter (also known as SLC2A4) in the plasma membrane (PM) of fat and muscle cells. Physiologic signals [such as activated insulin receptor or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] increase PM GLUT4. Here, we show that the distribution of GLUT4 between the PM and interior of human muscle cells is dynamically maintained, and that AMPK promotes PM redistribution of GLUT4 by regulating exocytosis and endocytosis. Stimulation of exocytosis by AMPK is mediated by Rab10 and the Rab GTPase-activating protein TBC1D4. APEX2 proximity mapping reveals that GLUT4 traverses both PM-proximal and PM-distal compartments in unstimulated muscle cells, further supporting retention of GLUT4 by a constitutive retrieval mechanism. AMPK-stimulated translocation involves GLUT4 redistribution among the same compartments traversed in unstimulated cells, with a significant recruitment of GLUT4 from the Golgi and trans-Golgi network compartments. Our comprehensive proximal protein mapping provides an integrated, high-density, whole-cell accounting of the localization of GLUT4 at a resolution of ∼20 nm that serves as a structural framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GLUT4 trafficking downstream of different signaling inputs in a physiologically relevant cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuttoma Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jennifer Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lucie Yammine
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jeff Culver
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jeonifer Garren
- Global Biometrics and Data Management, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Xue
- Early Clinical Development Biomedicine AI, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qing Xiang
- Target Sciences, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Morris J. Birnbaum
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bei B. Zhang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mara Monetti
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy E. McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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8
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Nakanishi R, Tanaka M, Nisa BU, Shimizu S, Hirabayashi T, Tanaka M, Maeshige N, Roy RR, Fujino H. Alternating current electromagnetic field exposure lessens intramyocellular lipid accumulation due to high-fat feeding via enhanced lipid metabolism in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289086. [PMID: 38011220 PMCID: PMC10681264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat feeding results in intramyocellular lipid accumulation, leading to insulin resistance. Intramyocellular lipid accumulation is related to an energy imbalance between excess fat intake and fatty acid consumption. Alternating current electromagnetic field exposure has been shown to enhance mitochondrial metabolism in the liver and sperm. Therefore, we hypothesized that alternating current electromagnetic field exposure would ameliorate high-fat diet-induced intramyocellular lipid accumulation via activation of fatty acid consumption. C57BL/6J mice were either fed a normal diet (ND), a normal diet and exposed to an alternating current electromagnetic field (ND+EMF), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet and exposed to an alternating current electromagnetic field (HFD+EMF). Electromagnetic field exposure was administered 8 hrs/day for 16 weeks using an alternating current electromagnetic field device (max.180 mT, Hokoen, Utatsu, Japan). Tibialis anterior muscles were collected for measurement of intramyocellular lipids, AMPK phosphorylation, FAT/CD-36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1b protein expression levels. Intramyocellular lipid levels were lower in the HFD + EMF than in the HFD group. The levels of AMPK phosphorylation, FAT/CD-36, and CPT-1b protein levels were higher in the HFD + EMF than in the HFD group. These results indicate that alternating current electromagnetic field exposure decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation via increased fat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe International University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Badur un Nisa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shimizu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Roland R. Roy
- Brain Research Institute and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Supriya R, Delfan M, Saeidi A, Samaie SS, Al Kiyumi MH, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Spirulina Supplementation with High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4891. [PMID: 38068748 PMCID: PMC10707917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity, a state characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is closely linked to metabolic complications and the secretion of specific adipokines. This study explores the potential of exercise and Spirulina supplementation to mitigate these complications and modulate adipokine release associated with obesity. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of a 12-week regimen of high-intensity training combined with Spirulina supplementation on adipokine concentrations and lipid profiles in male individuals with obesity (N = 44). The participants were randomly distributed into four groups, each consisting of 11 participants: a control group (CG), a supplement group (SG), a training group (TG), and a training plus supplement group (TSG). The intervention comprised a 12-week treatment involving Spirulina supplementation (6 g capsule daily), a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol with three sessions per week, or a combined approach. Following the interventions, metabolic parameters, anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory indices, and circulating adipokines [CRP, Sema3C, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1, IL-8] were assessed within 48 h of the before and final training session. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences across all measures among the groups (p < 0.05). Notably, post hoc analyses indicated substantial disparities between the CG and the three interventional groups regarding body weight (p < 0.05). The combined training and supplementation approach led to noteworthy reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TGL) levels (all p < 0.0001), coupled with an elevation in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, adipokine levels significantly declined in the three intervention groups relative to the CG (p < 0.05). The findings from this 12-week study demonstrate that Spirulina supplementation in conjunction with high-intensity interval training reduced adipokine levels, improved body weight and BMI, and enhanced lipid profiles. This investigation underscores the potential of Spirulina supplementation and high-intensity interval training as a synergistic strategy to ameliorate obesity-related complications and enhance overall cardiometabolic well-being in obese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Center For Health & Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran 15847-15414, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Seyedeh Somayeh Samaie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran;
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman;
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman
| | - Kurt A. Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
- Research Department, the Phoenix, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)—EA 1274, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
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10
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Moore WT, Luo J, Liu D. Kaempferol improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via an AMPK-dependent mechanism. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Yu F, Xing C, Fan Y, Liu Y, Su P, Yang Q, Dong Y, Hou Y, Pan S. Aerobic exercise and metformin on intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT): insights from multimodal MRI and histological changes in prediabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:221. [PMID: 37899436 PMCID: PMC10614363 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is the first-line intervention for prediabetes, and metformin is the most widely used oral insulin-sensitizing agent. Moreover, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) directly affects insulin resistance by helping maintain glucose homeostasis. Here, we evaluated the effects of moderate aerobic exercise and/or metformin on histological IMAT parameters in non-streptozotocin-induced prediabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats with prediabetes fed a high-fat diet and high-sugar drinks were randomly assigned to high-fat diet (PRE), metformin (MET), moderate aerobic exercise (EXE), combined therapy (EMC), or EMC + compound-c (EMA) groups for 4 weeks. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then performed, and tissue-specific inflammation and energy and lipid metabolism were evaluated in IMAT. RESULTS The EXE group had lower inflammatory factor levels, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidative stress, and shorter IMAT adipocyte diameters than the MET group. The MET group exhibited lower IL-1β and Plin5 expression than the PRE group. Furthermore, the IMAT of the EMC group had lower TNF-α and phosphorylated NF-κB levels and higher GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression than the PRE group. Multimodal MRI revealed significant changes in transverse-relaxation time 2, apparent diffusion coefficient, and fractional anisotropy values in the IMAT and muscles, as well as lower IMAT% values in the EXE and EMC groups than in the MET and PRE groups. CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic exercise training can effectively improve IMAT function and structure via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in prediabetes. Combining metformin with moderate aerobic exercise might elicit modest synergy, and metformin does not counterbalance the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chuan Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Shinong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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12
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Kido K, Eskesen NO, Henriksen NS, Onslev J, Kristensen JM, Larsen MR, Hingst JR, Knudsen JR, Birk JB, Andersen NR, Jensen TE, Pehmøller C, Wojtaszewski JF, Kjøbsted R. AMPKγ3 Controls Muscle Glucose Uptake in Recovery From Exercise to Recapture Energy Stores. Diabetes 2023; 72:1397-1408. [PMID: 37506328 PMCID: PMC10545559 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Exercise increases muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin signaling and represents a cornerstone for the prevention of metabolic disorders. Pharmacological activation of the exercise-responsive AMPK in skeletal muscle has been proven successful as a therapeutic approach to treat metabolic disorders by improving glucose homeostasis through the regulation of muscle glucose uptake. However, conflicting observations cloud the proposed role of AMPK as a necessary regulator of muscle glucose uptake during exercise. We show that glucose uptake increases in human skeletal muscle in the absence of AMPK activation during exercise and that exercise-stimulated AMPKγ3 activity strongly correlates to muscle glucose uptake in the postexercise period. In AMPKγ3-deficient mice, muscle glucose uptake is normally regulated during exercise and contractions but impaired in the recovery period from these stimuli. Impaired glucose uptake in recovery from exercise and contractions is associated with a lower glucose extraction, which can be explained by a diminished permeability to glucose and abundance of GLUT4 at the muscle plasma membrane. As a result, AMPKγ3 deficiency impairs muscle glycogen resynthesis following exercise. These results identify a physiological function of the AMPKγ3 complex in human and rodent skeletal muscle that regulates glucose uptake in recovery from exercise to recapture muscle energy stores. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Exercise-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle has been proposed to regulate muscle glucose uptake in recovery from exercise. This study investigated whether the muscle-specific AMPKγ3-associated heterotrimeric complex was involved in regulating muscle glucose metabolism in recovery from exercise. The findings support that exercise-induced activation of the AMPKγ3 complex in human and mouse skeletal muscle enhances glucose uptake in recovery from exercise via increased translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. This work uncovers the physiological role of the AMPKγ3 complex in regulating muscle glucose uptake that favors replenishment of the muscle cellular energy stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nicolas O. Eskesen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai S. Henriksen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Onslev
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M. Kristensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R. Larsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R. Hingst
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R. Knudsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Townsend LK, Steinberg GR. AMPK and the Endocrine Control of Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:910-933. [PMID: 37115289 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms require a coordinated response from multiple tissues to maintain whole-body homeostasis in the face of energetic stressors such as fasting, cold, and exercise. It is also essential that energy is stored efficiently with feeding and the chronic nutrient surplus that occurs with obesity. Mammals have adapted several endocrine signals that regulate metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability and energy demand. These include hormones altered by fasting and refeeding including insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, catecholamines, ghrelin, and fibroblast growth factor 21; adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin; cell stress-induced cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha and growth differentiating factor 15, and lastly exerkines such as interleukin-6 and irisin. Over the last 2 decades, it has become apparent that many of these endocrine factors control metabolism by regulating the activity of the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase). AMPK is a master regulator of nutrient homeostasis, phosphorylating over 100 distinct substrates that are critical for controlling autophagy, carbohydrate, fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein metabolism. In this review, we discuss how AMPK integrates endocrine signals to maintain energy balance in response to diverse homeostatic challenges. We also present some considerations with respect to experimental design which should enhance reproducibility and the fidelity of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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14
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Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:607-632. [PMID: 37225892 PMCID: PMC10527431 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Hong SM, Lee EY, Park J, Kim J, Kim SY. Aerobic Exercise Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy Induced by Methylglyoxal via Increasing Gastrocnemius and Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Sensitivity. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:573-582. [PMID: 37562979 PMCID: PMC10468420 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is characterized by the loss of muscle function. Many efforts are being made to prevent muscle atrophy, and exercise is an important alternative. Methylglyoxal is a well-known causative agent of metabolic diseases and diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether methylglyoxal induces muscle atrophy and to evaluate the ameliorative effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in a methylglyoxal-induced muscle atrophy animal model. Each mouse was randomly divided into three groups: control, methylglyoxal-treated, and methylglyoxal-treated within aerobic exercise. In the exercise group, each mouse was trained on a treadmill for 2 weeks. On the last day, all groups were evaluated for several atrophic behaviors and skeletal muscles, including the soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus were analyzed. In the exercise group, muscle mass was restored, causing in attenuation of muscle atrophy. The gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus muscles showed improved fiber cross-sectional area and reduced myofibrils. Further, they produced regulated atrophy-related proteins (i.e., muscle atrophy F-box, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myosin heavy chain), indicating that aerobic exercise stimulated their muscle sensitivity to reverse skeletal muscle atrophy. In conclusion, shortness of the gastrocnemius caused by methylglyoxal may induce the dynamic imbalance of skeletal muscle atrophy, thus methylglyoxal may be a key target for treating skeletal muscle atrophy. To this end, aerobic exercise may be a powerful tool for regulating methylglyoxal-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Kim
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang H, Zheng A, Arias EB, Kwak SE, Pan X, Duan D, Cartee GD. AS160 expression, but not AS160 Serine-588, Threonine-642, and Serine-704 phosphorylation, is essential for elevated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle from female rats after acute exercise. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23021. [PMID: 37289137 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300282rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One exercise session can increase subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by skeletal muscle in both sexes. We recently found that muscle expression and phosphorylation of key sites of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; also called TBC1D4) are essential for the full-exercise effect on postexercise-ISGU (PEX-ISGU) in male rats. In striking contrast, AS160's role in increased PEX-ISGU has not been rigorously tested in females. Our rationale was to address this major knowledge gap. Wild-type (WT) and AS160-knockout (KO) rats were either sedentary or acutely exercised. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were engineered to express either WT-AS160 or AS160 mutated on key serine and threonine residues (Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704) to alanine to prevent their phosphorylation. AAV vectors were delivered to the muscle of AS160-KO rats to determine if WT-AS160 or phosphorylation-inactivated AS160 would influence PEX-ISGU. AS160-KO rats have lower skeletal muscle abundance of the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein. This GLUT4 deficit was rescued using AAV delivery of GLUT4 to determine if eliminating muscle GLUT4 deficiency would normalize PEX-ISGU. The novel results were as follows: (1) AS160 expression was required for greater PEX-ISGU; (2) rescuing muscle AS160 expression in AS160-KO rats restored elevated PEX-ISGU; (3) AS160's essential role for the postexercise increase in ISGU was not attributable to reduced muscle GLUT4 content; and (4) AS160 phosphorylation on Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704 was not essential for greater PEX-ISGU. In conclusion, these novel findings revealed that three phosphosites widely proposed to influence PEX-ISGU are not required for this important outcome in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Ray A, Wen J, Yammine L, Culver J, Garren J, Xue L, Hales K, Xiang Q, Birnbaum MJ, Zhang BB, Monetti M, McGraw TE. GLUT4 dynamic subcellular localization is controlled by AMP kinase activation as revealed by proximal proteome mapping in human muscle cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543897. [PMID: 37333333 PMCID: PMC10274730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of glucose transport into muscle and adipocytes, central for control of whole-body metabolism, is determined by the amount of GLUT4 glucose transporter in the plasma membrane ( PM ). Physiologic signals (activated insulin receptor or AMP kinase [ AMPK ]), acutely increase PM GLUT4 to enhance glucose uptake. Here we show in kinetic studies that intracellular GLUT4 is in equilibrium with the PM in unstimulated cultured human skeletal muscle cells, and that AMPK promotes GLUT4 redistribution to the PM by regulating both exocytosis and endocytosis. AMPK-stimulation of exocytosis requires Rab10 and Rab GTPase activating protein TBC1D4, requirements shared with insulin control of GLUT4 in adipocytes. Using APEX2 proximity mapping, we identify, at high-density and high-resolution, the GLUT4 proximal proteome, revealing GLUT4 traverses both PM proximal and distal compartments in unstimulated muscle cells. These data support intracellular retention of GLUT4 in unstimulated muscle cells by a dynamic mechanism dependent on the rates of internalization and recycling. AMPK promoted GLUT4 translocation to the PM involves redistribution of GLUT4 among the same compartments traversed in unstimulated cells, with a significant redistribution of GLUT4 from the PM distal Trans Golgi Network Golgi compartments. The comprehensive proximal protein mapping provides an integrated, whole cell accounting of GLUT4's localization at a resolution of ∼20 nm, a structural framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GLUT4 trafficking downstream of different signaling inputs in physiologically relevant cell type and as such, sheds new light on novel key pathways and molecular components as potential therapeutic approaches to modulate muscle glucose uptake.
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18
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Fenne KT, Clauss M, Schäfer Olstad D, Johansen EI, Jensen J. An Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise Does Not Prevent the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeine on Glucose Tolerance the following Morning. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081941. [PMID: 37111160 PMCID: PMC10143402 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine reduces glucose tolerance, whereas exercise training improves glucose homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on glucose tolerance the morning after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Methods: The study had a 2 × 2 factorial design. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed after overnight fasting with/without caffeine and with/without exercise the evening before. Eight healthy young active males were included (Age 25.5 ± 1.5 years; 83.9 ± 9.0 kg; VO2max: 54.3 ± 7.0 mL·kg-1·min-1). The exercise session consisted of 30 min cycling at 71% of VO2max followed by four 5 min intervals at 84% with 3 min of cycling at 40% of VO2max between intervals. The exercise was performed at 17:00 h. Energy expenditure at each session was ~976 kcal. Lactate increased to ~8 mM during the exercise sessions. Participants arrived at the laboratory the following morning at 7.00 AM after an overnight fast. Resting blood samples were taken before blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Caffeine (3 mg/kg bodyweight) or placebo (similar taste/flavor) was ingested, and blood samples, blood pressure and HRV were measured after 30 min. Next, the OGTTs were initiated (75 g glucose dissolved in 3 dL water) and blood was sampled. Blood pressure and HRV were measured during the OGTT. Caffeine increased the area under curve (AUC) for glucose independently of whether exercise was done the evening before (p = 0.03; Two-way ANOVA; Interaction: p = 0.835). Caffeine did not significantly increase AUC for C-peptides compared to placebo (p = 0.096), and C-peptide response was not influenced by exercise. The acute bout of exercise did not significantly improve glucose tolerance the following morning. Diastolic blood pressure during the OGTT was slightly higher after intake of caffeine, independent of whether exercise was performed the evening before or not. Neither caffeine nor exercise the evening before significantly influenced HRV. In conclusion, caffeine reduced glucose tolerance independently of whether endurance exercise was performed the evening before. The low dose of caffeine did not influence heart rate variability but increased diastolic blood pressure slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T Fenne
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthieu Clauss
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Egil I Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Santos I, Ferreira R, Fontoura D, Sousa-Mendes C, Falcão-Pires I, Lourenço A, Leite-Moreira A, Duarte IF, Moreira-Gonçalves D. Exercise training impacts skeletal muscle remodelling induced by metabolic syndrome in ZSF1 rats through metabolism regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166709. [PMID: 37030522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a set of conditions that include obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Exercise training (EX) has been reported to improve MetS management, although the underlying metabolic adaptations that drive its benefits remain poorly understood. This work aims to characterize the molecular changes induced by EX in skeletal muscle in MetS, focusing on gastrocnemius metabolic remodelling. 1H NMR metabolomics and molecular assays were employed to assess the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle tissue from lean male ZSF1 rats (CTL), obese sedentary male ZSF1 rats (MetS-SED), and obese male ZF1 rats submitted to 4 weeks of treadmill EX (5 days/week, 60 min/day, 15 m/min) (MetS-EX). EX did not counteract the significant increase of body weight and circulating lipid profile, but had an anti-inflammatory effect and improved exercise capacity. The decreased gastrocnemius mass observed in MetS was paralleled with glycogen degradation into small glucose oligosaccharides, with the release of glucose-1-phosphate, and an increase in glucose-6-phosphate and glucose levels. Moreover, sedentary MetS animals' muscle exhibited lower AMPK expression levels and higher amino acids' metabolism such as glutamine and glutamate, compared to lean animals. In contrast, the EX group showed changes suggesting an increase in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, EX mitigated MetS-induced fiber atrophy and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle. EX had a positive effect on gastrocnemius metabolism by enhancing oxidative metabolism and, consequently, reducing susceptibility to fatigue. These findings reinforce the importance of prescribing EX programs to patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Santos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dulce Fontoura
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Lourenço
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Li B, Li W, Liu T, Zha L. Extracellular vesicles regulate the transmission of insulin resistance and redefine noncommunicable diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1024786. [PMID: 36699697 PMCID: PMC9868246 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1024786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes and related neurological disorders, are considered to not be directly transmissible from one person to another. However, NCDs may be transmissible in vivo through extracellular vesicles (EVs). A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) can induce a series of health issues like hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) due to insulin resistance. Multiple molecular signaling changes can stimulate insulin resistance, especially blocking insulin signaling by increased insulin resistance inducer (phosphorylation of negative regulatory sites of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins) and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (phosphorylation of positive regulatory sites of IRS), thus leading to reduced phosphorylation of AKT enzymes. Current efforts to treat T2DM and prevent its complications mainly focus on improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing insulin secretion, or supplementing exogenous insulin based on a common assumption that insulin resistance is noncommunicable. However, insulin resistance is transmissible within multiple tissues or organs throughout the body. Exploring the regulatory roles of EVs in developing insulin resistance may provide novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Li
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Han X, Yang Y, Liu S, Niu Y, Shao H, Fu L. Aerobic exercise ameliorates insulin resistance in C57BL/6 J mice via activating Sestrin3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166568. [PMID: 36220588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders. Regular exercise enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Sestrin3 (SESN3) is a stress-inducible protein that protects against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Regular exercise training is known to increase SESN3 expression in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to explore whether SESN3 mediates the metabolic effects of exercise in the mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR. SESN3-/- mice exhibited severer body weight gain, ectopic lipid accumulation, and dysregulation of glucose metabolism after long-term HFD feeding compared with the wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, we found that SESN3 deficiency weakened the effects of exercise on reducing serum insulin levels and improving glucose tolerance in mice. Exercise training increased pAKT-S473 and GLUT4 expression, accompanied by enhanced pmTOR-S2481 (an indicator of mTORC2 activity) in WT quadriceps that were less pronounced in SESN3-/- mice. SESN3 overexpression in C2C12 myotubes further confirmed that SESN3 played an important role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. SESN3 overexpression increased the binding of Rictor to mTOR and pmTOR-S2481 in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, SESN3 overexpression resulted in an elevation of glucose uptake and a concomitant increase of pAKT-S473 in C2C12 myotubes, whereas these effects were diminished by downregulation of mTORC2 activity. Taken together, SESN3 is a crucial protein in amplifying the beneficial effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and systemic glucose levels. SESN3/mTORC2/AKT pathway mediated the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Heng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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22
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Khairullin AE, Teplov AY, Grishin SN, Ziganshin AU. Purinergic Mechanisms of Adaptation of Different Types of Motor Units under Conditions of Allergic Reorganization. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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23
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Hingst JR, Onslev JD, Holm S, Kjøbsted R, Frøsig C, Kido K, Steenberg DE, Larsen MR, Kristensen JM, Carl CS, Sjøberg K, Thong FSL, Derave W, Pehmøller C, Brandt N, McConell G, Jensen J, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. Insulin Sensitization Following a Single Exercise Bout Is Uncoupled to Glycogen in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Meta-analysis of 13 Single-Center Human Studies. Diabetes 2022; 71:2237-2250. [PMID: 36265014 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise profoundly influences glycemic control by enhancing muscle insulin sensitivity, thus promoting glucometabolic health. While prior glycogen breakdown so far has been deemed integral for muscle insulin sensitivity to be potentiated by exercise, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain enigmatic. We have combined original data from 13 of our studies that investigated insulin action in skeletal muscle either under rested conditions or following a bout of one-legged knee extensor exercise in healthy young male individuals (n = 106). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was potentiated and occurred substantially faster in the prior contracted muscles. In this otherwise homogenous group of individuals, a remarkable biological diversity in the glucometabolic responses to insulin is apparent both in skeletal muscle and at the whole-body level. In contrast to the prevailing concept, our analyses reveal that insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake and the potentiation thereof by exercise are not associated with muscle glycogen synthase activity, muscle glycogen content, or degree of glycogen utilization during the preceding exercise bout. Our data further suggest that the phenomenon of improved insulin sensitivity in prior contracted muscle is not regulated in a homeostatic feedback manner from glycogen. Instead, we put forward the idea that this phenomenon is regulated by cellular allostatic mechanisms that elevate the muscle glycogen storage set point and enhance insulin sensitivity to promote the uptake of glucose toward faster glycogen resynthesis without development of glucose overload/toxicity or feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne R Hingst
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan D Onslev
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Holm
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Frøsig
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kohei Kido
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte E Steenberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R Larsen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Strini Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Farah S L Thong
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Derave
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Brandt
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn McConell
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Petrie MA, Kimball AL, Shields RK. Acute Low Force Electrically Induced Exercise Modulates Post Prandial Glycemic Markers in People with Spinal Cord Injury. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040089. [PMID: 36278750 PMCID: PMC9624321 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise involves daily muscle contractions helping metabolize up to 70% of daily ingested glucose. Skeletal muscle increases glucose uptake through two distinct pathways: insulin signaling pathway and muscle contraction mediated AMPK pathway. People with paralysis are unable to contract their muscles which atrophy, transform into insulin resistant glycolytic muscle, and develop osteoporosis. Our goal is to determine if low force electrically induced exercise (LFE) will modulate the post prandial insulin and glucose response in people with and without spinal cord injury (SCI). 18 people with SCI and 23 without SCI (Non-SCI) participated in an assessment of metabolic biomarkers during passive sitting (CTL) and a bout of LFE delivered to the quadriceps/hamstring muscle groups after a glucose challenge. Baseline fasting insulin (p = 0.003) and lactate (p = 0.033) levels were higher in people with SCI, but glucose levels (p = 0.888) were similar compared to the non-SCI population. After 1-h of muscle contractions using LFE, heart rate increased (p < 0.001), capillary glucose decreased (p = 0.004), insulin decreased (p < 0.001), and lactate increased (p = 0.001) in the SCI population. These findings support that LFE attenuates certain metabolic blood biomarkers during a glucose challenge and may offer a lifestyle strategy to regulate metabolic responses after eating among people with SCI.
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25
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Draicchio F, Behrends V, Tillin NA, Hurren NM, Sylow L, Mackenzie R. Involvement of the extracellular matrix and integrin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. J Physiol 2022; 600:4393-4408. [PMID: 36054466 PMCID: PMC9826115 DOI: 10.1113/jp283039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body euglycaemia is partly maintained by two cellular processes that encourage glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, the insulin- and contraction-stimulated pathways, with research suggesting convergence between these two processes. The normal structural integrity of the skeletal muscle requires an intact actin cytoskeleton as well as integrin-associated proteins, and thus those structures are likely fundamental for effective glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In contrast, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and integrin expression in skeletal muscle may contribute to insulin resistance owing to an increased physical barrier causing reduced nutrient and hormonal flux. This review explores the role of the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton in insulin- and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. This is a clinically important area of research given that defects in the structural integrity of the ECM and integrin-associated proteins may contribute to loss of muscle function and decreased glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Draicchio
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Neale A. Tillin
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Nicholas M. Hurren
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer & Ageing Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
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26
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Sonntag B. Einfluss der Trainingsintensität auf Marker des Syndroms polyzystischer Ovarien – eine randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Gordon RA, Zumbro EL, Castleberry TJ, Sokoloski ML, Brisebois MF, Irvine CJ, Duplanty AA, Ben-Ezra V. Whey protein improves glycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test compared to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise in young adult men. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:147. [PMID: 35907903 PMCID: PMC9338680 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both aerobic exercise and whey protein can improve glucose regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a single bout of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise and whey protein, independently, as well as when combined, influence glycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test in sedentary, young men. METHODS Healthy males (n = 11) completed four randomized trials: no exercise/no whey protein (R); exercise (EX; walking at 70% VO2max for 60 min); 50 g of whey protein (W); and exercise combined with 50 g of whey protein (EXW). Each trial included a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) that was completed after an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected over a two-hour period during the OGTT. For EX and EXW, the exercise was performed the evening before the OGTT and the 50 g of whey protein was dissolved in 250 mL of water and was consumed as a preload 30 min prior to the OGTT. For R and EX, participants consumed 250 mL of water prior to the OGTT. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and postprandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated for each. RESULTS Glucose iAUC was reduced during W (- 32.9 ± 22.3 mmol/L) compared to R (122.7 ± 29.8 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and EX (154.3 ± 29.2 mmol/L; p < 0.01). Similarly, glucose iAUC was reduced for EXW (17.4 ± 28.9 mmol/L) compared to R and EX (p < 0.01 for both). There were no differences in iAUC for insulin, C-peptide, GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon between the four trials. Insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 were elevated during the whey protein preload period for W and EXW compared to EX and R (p < 0.01). There were no differences for insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GIP, or GLP-1 between trials for the remaining duration of the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS Glucose responses during an oral glucose tolerance test were improved for W compared to EX. There were no additional improvements in glucose responses when vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise was combined with whey protein (EXW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Gordon
- Department of Biology, Drury University, Springfield, MO, USA.
| | - Emily L Zumbro
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Sokoloski
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Matthew F Brisebois
- Department of Human Performance and Health, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Christopher J Irvine
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Rocky Mountain College, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Anthony A Duplanty
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Vic Ben-Ezra
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
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28
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Qin X, Zhang Y, Zheng Q. Metabolic Inflexibility as a Pathogenic Basis for Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158291. [PMID: 35955426 PMCID: PMC9368187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia, is closely intertwined with metabolic abnormalities. Recently, a metabolic paradox in AF pathogenesis has been suggested: under different forms of pathogenesis, the metabolic balance shifts either towards (e.g., obesity and diabetes) or away from (e.g., aging, heart failure, and hypertension) fatty acid oxidation, yet they all increase the risk of AF. This has raised the urgent need for a general consensus regarding the metabolic changes that predispose patients to AF. “Metabolic flexibility” aptly describes switches between substrates (fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, and ketones) in response to various energy stresses depending on availability and requirements. AF, characterized by irregular high-frequency excitation and the contraction of the atria, is an energy challenge and triggers a metabolic switch from preferential fatty acid utilization to glucose metabolism to increase the efficiency of ATP produced in relation to oxygen consumed. Therefore, the heart needs metabolic flexibility. In this review, we will briefly discuss (1) the current understanding of cardiac metabolic flexibility with an emphasis on the specificity of atrial metabolic characteristics; (2) metabolic heterogeneity among AF pathogenesis and metabolic inflexibility as a common pathological basis for AF; and (3) the substrate-metabolism mechanism underlying metabolic inflexibility in AF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Qin
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Correspondence: or
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29
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Stocks B, Zierath JR. Post-translational Modifications: The Signals at the Intersection of Exercise, Glucose Uptake, and Insulin Sensitivity. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:654-677. [PMID: 34730177 PMCID: PMC9277643 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, of which type 2 diabetes makes up the majority of cases. Nonetheless, for some individuals, type 2 diabetes is eminently preventable and treatable via lifestyle interventions. Glucose uptake into skeletal muscle increases during and in recovery from exercise, with exercise effective at controlling glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, acute and chronic exercise sensitizes skeletal muscle to insulin. A complex network of signals converge and interact to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in response to exercise. Numerous forms of post-translational modifications (eg, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, ribosylation, and more) are regulated by exercise. Here we review the current state of the art of the role of post-translational modifications in transducing exercise-induced signals to modulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity within skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we consider emerging evidence for noncanonical signaling in the control of glucose homeostasis and the potential for regulation by exercise. While exercise is clearly an effective intervention to reduce glycemia and improve insulin sensitivity, the insulin- and exercise-sensitive signaling networks orchestrating this biology are not fully clarified. Elucidation of the complex proteome-wide interactions between post-translational modifications and the associated functional implications will identify mechanisms by which exercise regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In doing so, this knowledge should illuminate novel therapeutic targets to enhance insulin sensitivity for the clinical management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Di Magno L, Di Pastena F, Bordone R, Coni S, Canettieri G. The Mechanism of Action of Biguanides: New Answers to a Complex Question. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133220. [PMID: 35804992 PMCID: PMC9265089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biguanides are a family of antidiabetic drugs with documented anticancer properties in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite intensive investigation, how they exert their therapeutic effects is still debated. Many studies support the hypothesis that biguanides inhibit mitochondrial complex I, inducing energy stress and activating compensatory responses mediated by energy sensors. However, a major concern related to this “complex” model is that the therapeutic concentrations of biguanides found in the blood and tissues are much lower than the doses required to inhibit complex I, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms. This comprehensive review illustrates the current knowledge of pharmacokinetics, receptors, sensors, intracellular alterations, and the mechanism of action of biguanides in diabetes and cancer. The conditions of usage and variables affecting the response to these drugs, the effect on the immune system and microbiota, as well as the results from the most relevant clinical trials in cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rosa Bordone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci—Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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31
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Larsen JK, Larsen MR, Birk JB, Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Højlund K, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H, Deshmukh AS, Wojtaszewski JF, Kjøbsted R. Illumination of the Endogenous Insulin-Regulated TBC1D4 Interactome in Human Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2022; 71:906-920. [PMID: 35192682 PMCID: PMC9074744 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake is a key process in glycemic control. This process depends on the redistribution of glucose transporters to the surface membrane, a process that involves regulatory proteins such as TBC1D1 and TBC1D4. Accordingly, a TBC1D4 loss-of-function mutation in human skeletal muscle is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and observations from carriers of a TBC1D1 variant associate this protein to a severe obesity phenotype. Here, we identified interactors of the endogenous TBC1D4 protein in human skeletal muscle by an unbiased proteomics approach. We detected 76 proteins as candidate TBC1D4 interactors. The binding of 12 of these interactors was regulated by insulin, including proteins known to be involved in glucose metabolism (e.g., 14-3-3 proteins and α-actinin-4 [ACTN4]). TBC1D1 also coprecipitated with TBC1D4 and vice versa in both human and mouse skeletal muscle. This interaction was not regulated by insulin or exercise in young, healthy, lean individuals. Similarly, the exercise- and insulin-regulated phosphorylation of the TBC1D1-TBC1D4 complex was intact. In contrast, we observed an altered interaction as well as compromised insulin-stimulated phosphoregulation of the TBC1D1-TBC1D4 complex in muscle of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Altogether, we provide a repository of TBC1D4 interactors in human and mouse skeletal muscle that serve as potential regulators of TBC1D4 function and, thus, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe K. Larsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R. Larsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte E. Steenberg
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R. Hingst
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Atul S. Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Rasmus Kjøbsted, , and Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski,
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Rasmus Kjøbsted, , and Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski,
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32
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Alam MB, Ra JS, Lim JY, Song BR, Javed A, Lee SH. Lariciresinol Displays Anti-Diabetic Activity through Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and Activation and Enhancement of Insulin Signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100751. [PMID: 35490401 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic effect of lariciresinol (LSR) in C2C12 myotubes and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate antidiabetic potential of LSR, α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, molecular docking, glucose uptake assay, western blot assay on antidiabetic biomarkers are performed. STZ-induced diabetic model is used for in vivo study by calculating oral glucose tolerance test, histochemical examination, and glycogen assay. LSR inhibits α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 6.97 ± 0.37 µM and acts as a competitive inhibitor with an inhibitory constant (Ki) value of 0.046 µM. In C2C12 cells, LSR activates insulin signaling leading to glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and augmented glucose uptake. Furthermore, in Streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice, 3 weeks of oral LSR administration (10 mg kg-1 ) considerably decrease blood glucose levels, while increasing insulin levels in an oral glucose tolerance test, improve pancreatic islet size, increase GLUT4 expression, and significantly enhance insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. LSR treatment also activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) resulting in improved glycogen content. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a potential usefulness for oral LSR in the management and prevention of diabetes by enhancing glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Anti-Aging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sic Ra
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Anti-Aging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Kido K, Egawa T, Watanabe S, Kawanaka K, Treebak JT, Hayashi T. Fasting potentiates insulin-mediated glucose uptake in rested and prior-contracted rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E425-E435. [PMID: 35344394 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00412.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A single bout of exercise can potentiate the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle glucose uptake via activation of the AMPK-TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4) pathway, which suggests a positive correlation between AMPK activation and insulin sensitization. In addition, prolonged fasting in rodents is known to upregulate and thereby synergistically enhance the effect of exercise on muscle AMPK activation. Therefore, fasting may potentiate the insulin-sensitizing effect of exercise. In the present study, we mimicked exercise by in situ muscle contraction and evaluated the effect of a 36-h fast on muscle contraction-induced insulin sensitization. Male Wistar rats weighing 150-170 g were allocated to either a 36-h fasting or feeding group. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were electrically contracted via the common peroneal nerve for 10 min followed by a 3-h recovery period. EDL muscles were dissected and incubated in the presence or absence of submaximal insulin. Our results demonstrated that acute muscle contraction and 36 h of fasting additively upregulated AMPK pathway activation. Insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake and site-specific TBC1D4 phosphorylation were enhanced by prior muscle contraction in 36-h-fasted rats, but not in fed rats. Moreover, enhanced insulin-induced muscle glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation due to 36 h of fasting were associated with a decrease in tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3), a negative regulator of Akt activation. In conclusion, fasting and prior muscle contraction synergistically enhance insulin-stimulated TBC1D4 phosphorylation and glucose uptake, which is associated with augmented AMPK pathway activation in rodents.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we revealed that 36 h of fasting additively upregulated acute muscle contraction-induced AMPK pathway activation in rats. Besides, fasting and muscle contraction synergistically enhanced insulin-stimulated site-specific TBC1D4 phosphorylation and glucose uptake, which was associated with augmented AMPK pathway activation. These results contribute to understanding the regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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34
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Wang P, Li CG, Zhou X, Cui D, Ouyang T, Chen W, Ding S. A single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise increased AMPK activation associated with enhanced autophagy in mice skeletal muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:536-543. [PMID: 35108422 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported inconsistent findings on autophagy activation in skeletal muscles after acute exercise. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise on AMPK and autophagy activations in mice gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. Male ICR/CD-1 mice were randomly divided into the control and exercise groups. The later was subjected to a single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise. Changes of AMPK, phosphorylation of AMPKThr172 (pAMPKThr172 ), and autophagy markers including Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I and p62 mRNA and protein expressions in gastrocnemius muscle at different times (0, 6, 12, 24 h) after the exercise were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Our results demonstrated that a single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise significantly induced AMPK content and AMPK activity at 0, 6 and 12 h after the exercise, and changed the expressions of autophagy markers at different time points in the recovery period, respectively. Moreover, we observed positive correlations between expressions of LC3II/LC3I ratio and pAMPKThr172 or AMPK, and a negative correlation between expressions of p62 and AMPK or pAMPKThr172 . In conclusion, a single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise in mice caused a prolonged activation of AMPK and improved autophagy in the gastrocnemius muscle. The regulation of autophagic markers were related to enhanced AMPK activity. The findings indicate that acute exercise enhanced AMPK-related autophagy activation may be the underlying molecular mechanism that regulates cellular energy metabolism during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Di Cui
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Weikai Chen
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Personalized phosphoproteomics identifies functional signaling. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:576-584. [PMID: 34857927 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation dynamically integrates environmental and cellular information to control biological processes. Identifying functional phosphorylation amongst the thousands of phosphosites regulated by a perturbation at a global scale is a major challenge. Here we introduce 'personalized phosphoproteomics', a combination of experimental and computational analyses to link signaling with biological function by utilizing human phenotypic variance. We measure individual subject phosphoproteome responses to interventions with corresponding phenotypes measured in parallel. Applying this approach to investigate how exercise potentiates insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle, we identify both known and previously unidentified phosphosites on proteins involved in glucose metabolism. This includes a cooperative relationship between mTOR and AMPK whereby the former directly phosphorylates the latter on S377, for which we find a role in metabolic regulation. These results establish personalized phosphoproteomics as a general approach for investigating the signal transduction underlying complex biology.
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36
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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37
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Raun SH, Knudsen JR, Han X, Jensen TE, Sylow L. Cancer causes dysfunctional insulin signaling and glucose transport in a muscle-type-specific manner. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22211. [PMID: 35195922 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101759r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance are emerging as hallmarks of cancer and cachexia, and impair cancer prognosis. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired metabolic regulation are not fully understood. To elucidate the mechanisms behind cancer-induced insulin resistance in muscle, we isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles from Lewis Lung Carcinoma tumor-bearing mice. Three weeks after tumor inoculation, muscles were isolated and stimulated with or without a submaximal dose of insulin (1.5 nM). Glucose transport was measured using 2-[3 H]Deoxy-Glucose and intramyocellular signaling was investigated using immunoblotting. In soleus muscles from tumor-bearing mice, insulin-stimulated glucose transport was abrogated concomitantly with abolished insulin-induced TBC1D4 and GSK3 phosphorylation. In EDL, glucose transport and TBC1D4 phosphorylation were not impaired in muscles from tumor-bearing mice, while AMPK signaling was elevated. Anabolic insulin signaling via phosphorylation of the mTORC1 targets, p70S6K thr389, and ribosomal-S6 ser235, were decreased by cancer in soleus muscle while increased or unaffected in EDL. In contrast, the mTOR substrate, pULK1 ser757, was reduced in both soleus and EDL by cancer. Hence, cancer causes considerable changes in skeletal muscle insulin signaling that is dependent on muscle-type, which could contribute to metabolic dysregulation in cancer. Thus, the skeletal muscle could be a target for managing metabolic dysfunction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Roland Knudsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Han
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are chronic diseases that contribute to death worldwide, but these diseases can be prevented and mitigated with regular exercise. Exercise activates signaling molecules and the transcriptional network to promote physiological adaptations, such as fiber type transformation, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator that senses the energy state, promotes metabolism for glucose and fatty acid utilization, and mediates beneficial cellular adaptations in many vital tissues and organs. This review focuses on the current, integrative understanding of the role of exercise-induced activation of AMPK in the regulation of system metabolism and promotion of health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Spaulding
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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39
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Zheng A, Arias EB, Wang H, Kwak SE, Pan X, Duan D, Cartee GD. Exercise-Induced Improvement in Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake by Rat Skeletal Muscle Is Absent in Male AS160-Knockout Rats, Partially Restored by Muscle Expression of Phosphomutated AS160, and Fully Restored by Muscle Expression of Wild-Type AS160. Diabetes 2022; 71:219-232. [PMID: 34753801 PMCID: PMC8914290 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One exercise session can elevate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) in skeletal muscle, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Circumstantial evidence suggests a role for Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160 or TBC1D4). We used genetic approaches to rigorously test this idea. The initial experiment evaluated the role of AS160 in postexercise increase in ISGU using muscles from male wild-type (WT) and AS160-knockout (KO) rats. The next experiment used AS160-KO rats with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) approach to determine if rescuing muscle AS160 deficiency could restore the ability of exercise to improve ISGU. The third experiment tested if eliminating the muscle GLUT4 deficit in AS160-KO rats via AAV-delivered GLUT4 would enable postexercise enhancement of ISGU. The final experiment used AS160-KO rats and AAV delivery of AS160 mutated to prevent phosphorylation of Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704 to evaluate their role in postexercise ISGU. We discovered the following: 1) AS160 expression was essential for postexercise increase in ISGU; 2) rescuing muscle AS160 expression of AS160-KO rats restored postexercise enhancement of ISGU; 3) restoring GLUT4 expression in AS160-KO muscle did not rescue the postexercise increase in ISGU; and 4) although AS160 phosphorylation on three key sites was not required for postexercise elevation in ISGU, it was essential for the full exercise effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Edward B. Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Gregory D. Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Corresponding author: Gregory D. Cartee,
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40
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Chaves AB, Miranda ER, Mey JT, Blackburn BK, Fuller KNZ, Stearns B, Ludlow A, Williamson DL, Houmard JA, Haus JM. Exercise reduces the protein abundance of TXNIP and its interacting partner REDD1 in skeletal muscle: potential role for a PKA-mediated mechanism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:357-366. [PMID: 34941434 PMCID: PMC8791844 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00229.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) negatively effects the redox state and growth signaling via its interactions with thioredoxin (TRX) and regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1), respectively. TXNIP expression is downregulated by pathways activated during aerobic exercise (AE), via posttranslational modifications (PTMs; serine phosphorylation and ubiquitination). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of acute AE on TXNIP expression, posttranslational modifications, and its interacting partners, REDD1 and TRX. Fifteen healthy adults performed 30 min of aerobic exercise (80% V̇o2max) with muscle biopsies taken before, immediately following, and 3 h following the exercise bout. To explore potential mechanisms underlying our in vivo findings, primary human myotubes were exposed to two models of exercise, electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) and palmitate-forskolin-ionomycin (PFI). Immediately following exercise, TXNIP protein decreased, but returned to preexercise levels 3 h after exercise. These results were replicated in our PFI exercise model only. Although not statistically significant, there was a trending main effect in serine-phosphorylation status of TXNIP (P = 0.07) immediately following exercise. REDD1 protein decreased 3 h after exercise. AE had no effect on TRX protein expression, gene expression, or the activity of its reducing enzyme, thioredoxin reductase. Consequently, AE had no effect on the TRX: TXNIP interaction. Our results indicate that AE leads to acute reductions in TXNIP and REDD1 protein expression. However, these changes did not result in alterations in the TRX: TXNIP interaction and could not be entirely explained by alterations in TXNIP PTMs or changes in TRX expression or activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise is an effective tool in the prevention and treatment of several chronic metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms through which these benefits are conferred have yet to be fully elucidated. Our data reveal a novel effect of aerobic exercise on reducing the protein expression of molecular targets that negatively impact redox and insulin/growth signaling in skeletal muscle. These findings contribute to the expanding repository of molecular signatures provoked by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Chaves
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Edwin R. Miranda
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacob T. Mey
- 3Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Brian K. Blackburn
- 4Applied Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California
| | - Kelly N. Z. Fuller
- 5Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Blaise Stearns
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew Ludlow
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David L. Williamson
- 6School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State University Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Combined Phyllostachys pubescens and Scutellaria baicalensis Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Upregulating Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure by UCP1 in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030446. [PMID: 35276805 PMCID: PMC8840647 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the anti-obesity effects of a Phyllostachys pubescens (leaf) and Scutellaria baicalensis root mixture (BS21), and its underlying mechanisms of action, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a HFD with BS21 (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) for 9 weeks. BS21 reduced body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver weights, liver lipid accumulation, and adipocyte size. Additionally, BS21 reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, triglyceride, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, leptin, and insulin growth factor 1, but elevated the adiponectin concentrations. Furthermore, BS21 suppressed the mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ, SREBP-1c, C/EBP-α, fatty acid synthase, and leptin, but increased the mRNA gene expression of lipolysis-related proteins, such as PPAR-α, uncoupling protein (UCP) 2, adiponectin, and CPT1b, in WAT. In addition, BS21 increased the cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis and UCP1 protein expression with AMPK activation in adipose tissue. Furthermore, BS21 increased the WAT and mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related proteins SIRT1, PGC-1α, and FNDC5/irisin in the quadriceps femoris muscle. These results suggest that BS21 exerts anti-obesity and antihyperlipidemic activities in HFD-induced obese mice by increasing the thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, BS21 could be useful for preventing and treating obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Kim HK, Furuhashi S, Takahashi M, Chijiki H, Nanba T, Inami T, Radak Z, Sakamoto S, Shibata S. Late-afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and blood lipid levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:957239. [PMID: 35928886 PMCID: PMC9343590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.957239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose and lipid tolerance reportedly exhibit diurnal variations, being lower in the evening than in the morning. Therefore, the effects of exercise on glucose and blood lipid levels at different times of the day may differ. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term endurance exercise intervention in the morning versus late afternoon on 24-h blood glucose variability and blood lipid levels. METHODS Twelve healthy young men participated in a randomized crossover trial. The participants were assigned to morning (09:00-11:00) or late afternoon (16:00-18:00) endurance exercise for a week, consisting of supervised exercise sessions on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. In the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 min on a treadmill at approximately 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Following a 2-week wash-out period, the participants performed the exercise training regimen at another time point. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to evaluate blood glucose fluctuations during each 24-h trial period. Blood samples were collected before and after each intervention to examine blood lipid and hormonal responses. RESULTS Examination of the area under the curve (AUC) of the glucose level changes for 24 h after the late afternoon versus morning exercise intervention revealed significantly lower values for the former versus the latter (P < 0.01). The AUC of glucose level changes after each meal was also lower after the late afternoon versus morning intervention, and significantly lower values were observed in the late afternoon versus morning trial for breakfast and dinner (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In addition, a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was noted after versus before the late afternoon intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that late afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hyeon-Ki Kim,
| | - Shota Furuhashi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Chijiki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Nanba
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inami
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Surugadai University, Saitama, Japan
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43
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Wang H, Arias EB, Treebak JT, Cartee GD. Exercise effects on γ3-AMPK activity, Akt substrate of 160 kDa phosphorylation, and glucose uptake in muscle of normal and insulin-resistant female rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:140-153. [PMID: 34882030 PMCID: PMC8759959 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00533.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that acute exercise can enhance glucose uptake (GU), γ3-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation in skeletal muscles from low-fat diet (LFD)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed male rats. Because little is known about exercise effects on these outcomes in females, we assessed postexercise GU by muscles incubated ± insulin, delta-insulin GU (GU of muscles incubated with insulin minus GU uptake of paired muscles incubated without insulin), and muscle signaling proteins from female rats fed a LFD or a brief HFD (2 wk). Rats were sedentary (LFD-SED, HFD-SED) or swim exercised. Immediately postexercise (IPEX) or 3 h postexercise (3hPEX), epitrochlearis muscles were incubated (no insulin IPEX; ±insulin 3hPEX) to determine GU. Muscle γ3-AMPK activity (IPEX, 3hPEX) and phosphorylated AS160 (pAS160; 3hPEX) were also assessed. γ3-AMPK activity and insulin-independent GU of IPEX rats exceeded sedentary rats without diet-related differences in either outcome. At 3hPEX, both GU by insulin-stimulated muscles and delta-insulin GU exceeded their respective diet-matched sedentary controls. GU by insulin-stimulated muscles, but not delta-insulin GU for LFD-3hPEX, exceeded HFD-3hPEX. LFD-3hPEX versus LFD-SED had greater γ3-AMPK activity and greater pAS160. HFD-3hPEX exceeded HFD-SED for pAS160 but not for γ3-AMPK activity. pAS160 and γ3-AMPK at 3hPEX did not differ between diet groups. These results revealed that increased γ3-AMPK activity at 3hPEX was not essential for greater GU in insulin-stimulated muscle or greater delta-insulin GU in HFD female rats. Similarly elevated γ3-AMPK activity in LFD-IPEX versus HFD-IPEX and pAS160 in LFD-3hPEX versus HFD-3hPEX may contribute to the comparable delta-insulin GU at 3hPEX in both diet groups.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucose uptake (GU) and phosphorylated AS160 (pAS160) by insulin-stimulated muscles at 3 h postexercise (3hPEX) exceeded diet-matched controls in female low-fat diet-fed (LFD) or high-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats. GU with insulin for LFD-3hPEX exceeded HFD-3hPEX, whereas pAS160 was similar between these groups. γ3-AMPK immediately postexercise (IPEX) was similarly elevated in LFD and HFD, but only LFD-3hPEX had increased γ3-AMPK. These results suggest that greater γ3-AMPK at IPEX and pAS160 at 3hPEX may contribute to elevated GU with insulin, but greater γ3-AMPK at 3hPEX was dispensable for female HFD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- 1Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edward B. Arias
- 1Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- 2Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory D. Cartee
- 1Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,3Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,4Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Takeshita LY, Davidsen PK, Herbert JM, Antczak P, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Weisnagel SJ, Robbins JM, Gerszten RE, Ghosh S, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Falciani F. Genomics and transcriptomics landscapes associated to changes in insulin sensitivity in response to endurance exercise training. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23314. [PMID: 34857871 PMCID: PMC8639975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite good adherence to supervised endurance exercise training (EET), some individuals experience no or little improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently not understood. By investigating genome-wide variants associated with baseline and exercise-induced changes (∆) in insulin sensitivity index (Si) in healthy volunteers, we have identified novel candidate genes whose mouse knockouts phenotypes were consistent with a causative effect on Si. An integrative analysis of functional genomic and transcriptomic profiles suggests genetic variants have an aggregate effect on baseline Si and ∆Si, focused around cholinergic signalling, including downstream calcium and chemokine signalling. The identification of calcium regulated MEF2A transcription factor as the most statistically significant candidate driving the transcriptional signature associated to ∆Si further strengthens the relevance of calcium signalling in EET mediated Si response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Y. Takeshita
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Peter K. Davidsen
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - John M. Herbert
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Philipp Antczak
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK ,grid.411097.a0000 0000 8852 305XCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. John Weisnagel
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Diabetes Research Unit, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CRCHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- grid.254567.70000 0000 9075 106XDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- grid.250514.70000 0001 2159 6024Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Interactions between insulin and exercise. Biochem J 2021; 478:3827-3846. [PMID: 34751700 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between insulin and exercise is an example of balancing and modifying the effects of two opposing metabolic regulatory forces under varying conditions. While insulin is secreted after food intake and is the primary hormone increasing glucose storage as glycogen and fatty acid storage as triglycerides, exercise is a condition where fuel stores need to be mobilized and oxidized. Thus, during physical activity the fuel storage effects of insulin need to be suppressed. This is done primarily by inhibiting insulin secretion during exercise as well as activating local and systemic fuel mobilizing processes. In contrast, following exercise there is a need for refilling the fuel depots mobilized during exercise, particularly the glycogen stores in muscle. This process is facilitated by an increase in insulin sensitivity of the muscles previously engaged in physical activity which directs glucose to glycogen resynthesis. In physically trained individuals, insulin sensitivity is also higher than in untrained individuals due to adaptations in the vasculature, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In this paper, we review the interactions between insulin and exercise during and after exercise, as well as the effects of regular exercise training on insulin action.
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Jørgensen NO, Kjøbsted R, Larsen MR, Birk JB, Andersen NR, Albuquerque B, Schjerling P, Miller R, Carling D, Pehmøller CK, Wojtaszewski JFP. Direct small molecule ADaM-site AMPK activators reveal an AMPKγ3-independent mechanism for blood glucose lowering. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101259. [PMID: 34033941 PMCID: PMC8381035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is an attractive target for blood glucose-lowering pharmacological interventions. Oral dosing of small molecule direct pan-activators of AMPK that bind to the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site, lowers blood glucose through effects in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect are not described in detail. This study aimed to illuminate the mechanisms by which ADaM-site activators of AMPK increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Further, we investigated the consequence of co-stimulating muscles with two types of AMPK activators i.e., ADaM-site binding small molecules and the prodrug AICAR. METHODS The effect of the ADaM-site binding small molecules (PF739 and 991), AICAR or co-stimulation with PF739 or 991 and AICAR on muscle glucose uptake was investigated ex vivo in m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) excised from muscle-specific AMPKα1α2 as well as whole-body AMPKγ3-deficient mouse models. In vitro complex-specific AMPK activity was measured by immunoprecipitation and molecular signaling was assessed by western blotting in muscle lysate. To investigate the transferability of these studies, we treated diet-induced obese mice in vivo with PF739 and measured complex-specific AMPK activation in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Incubation of skeletal muscle with PF739 or 991 increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Co-incubating PF739 or 991 with a maximal dose of AICAR increased glucose uptake to a greater extent than any of the treatments alone. Neither PF739 nor 991 increased AMPKα2β2γ3 activity to the same extent as AICAR, while co-incubation led to potentiated effects on AMPKα2β2γ3 activation. In muscle from AMPKγ3 KO mice, AICAR-stimulated glucose uptake was ablated. In contrast, the effect of PF739 or 991 on glucose uptake was not different between WT and AMPKγ3 KO muscles. In vivo PF739 treatment lowered blood glucose levels and increased muscle AMPKγ1-complex activity 2-fold, while AMPKα2β2γ3 activity was not affected. CONCLUSIONS ADaM-site binding AMPK activators increase glucose uptake independently of AMPKγ3. Co-incubation with PF739 or 991 and AICAR potentiates the effects on muscle glucose uptake and AMPK activation. In vivo, PF739 lowers blood glucose and selectively activates muscle AMPKγ1-complexes. Collectively, this suggests that pharmacological activation of AMPKγ1-containing complexes in skeletal muscle can increase glucose uptake and can lead to blood glucose lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas O Jørgensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R Larsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bina Albuquerque
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russell Miller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christian K Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kido K, Egawa T, Fujiyoshi H, Suzuki H, Kawanaka K, Hayashi T. AMPK is indispensable for overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and glycogenesis but dispensable for inducing hypertrophy in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21459. [PMID: 33710687 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002164r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic muscle loading (overload) induces skeletal muscles to undergo hypertrophy and to increase glucose uptake. Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reportedly serves as a negative regulator of hypertrophy and a positive regulator of glucose uptake, its role in overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and glucose uptake is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether AMPK regulates overload-induced hypertrophy and glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. To this end, skeletal muscle overload was induced through unilateral synergist ablations in wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice, expressing the dominant-negative mutation of AMPK (AMPK-DN). After 14 days, parameters, including muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), glycogen level, and in vivo [3 H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake, were assessed. No significant difference was observed in body weight or blood glucose level between the WT and AMPK-DN mice. However, the 14-day muscle overload activated the AMPK pathway in WT mice skeletal muscle, whereas this response was impaired in the AMPK-DN mice. Despite a normal CSA gain in each fiber type, the AMPK-DN mice demonstrated a significant impairment of overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and glycogenesis, compared to WT mice. Moreover, 14-day overload-induced changes in GLUT4 and HKII expression levels were reduced in AMPK-DN mice, compared to WT mice. This study demonstrated that AMPK activation is indispensable for overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and glycogenesis; however, it is dispensable for the induction of hypertrophy in AMPK-DN mice. Furthermore, the AMPK/GLUT4 and HKII axes may regulate overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and glycogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruna Fujiyoshi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hikari Suzuki
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Li J, Knudsen JR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Li Z, Birk JB, Persson KW, Hellsten Y, Offergeld A, Jarassier W, Le Grand F, Schjerling P, Wojtaszewski JFP, Jensen TE. AXIN1 knockout does not alter AMPK/mTORC1 regulation and glucose metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2021; 599:3081-3100. [PMID: 33913171 DOI: 10.1113/jp281187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific AXIN1 knockout (AXIN1 imKO) in mouse does not affect whole-body energy substrate metabolism. AXIN1 imKO does not affect AICAR or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adult skeletal muscle. AXIN1 imKO does not affect adult skeletal muscle AMPK or mTORC1 signalling during AICAR/insulin/amino acid incubation, contraction and exercise. During exercise, α2/β2/γ3AMPK and AMP/ATP ratio show greater increases in AXIN1 imKO than wild-type in gastrocnemius muscle. ABSTRACT AXIN1 is a scaffold protein known to interact with >20 proteins in signal transduction pathways regulating cellular development and function. Recently, AXIN1 was proposed to assemble a protein complex essential to catabolic-anabolic transition by coordinating AMPK activation and inactivation of mTORC1 and to regulate glucose uptake-stimulation by both AMPK and insulin. To investigate whether AXIN1 is permissive for adult skeletal muscle function, a phenotypic in vivo and ex vivo characterization of tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific AXIN1 knockout (AXIN1 imKO) mice was conducted. AXIN1 imKO did not influence AMPK/mTORC1 signalling or glucose uptake stimulation at rest or in response to different exercise/contraction protocols, pharmacological AMPK activation, insulin or amino acids stimulation. The only genotypic difference observed was in exercising gastrocnemius muscle, where AXIN1 imKO displayed elevated α2/β2/γ3 AMPK activity and AMP/ATP ratio compared to wild-type mice. Our work shows that AXIN1 imKO generally does not affect skeletal muscle AMPK/mTORC1 signalling and glucose metabolism, probably due to functional redundancy of its homologue AXIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Microsystems Laboratory 2, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar W Persson
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anika Offergeld
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - William Jarassier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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van der Vaart JI, Boon MR, Houtkooper RH. The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051122. [PMID: 34066631 PMCID: PMC8148517 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I. van der Vaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mariëtte R. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (R.H.H.)
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