1
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Graham LV, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. NK Cells in the Lymph Nodes and Their Role in Anti-Tumour Immunity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1667. [PMID: 39200132 PMCID: PMC11351147 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymph nodes are vital to enable adaptive immune responses to infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that directly kill cancer cells and modulate the activation of other immune cells during anti-tumour immune response. NK cells in the lymph nodes are involved in the regulation of T-cell and B-cell populations and the clearance of viral infections. In solid tumours, lymph nodes are a frequent site of metastasis and immune cell priming, whilst in haematological malignancies, tumour cells can proliferate in the lymph nodes. Thus, lymph nodes are an important site in anti-tumour immunity and therapy resistance. It is therefore crucial to identify strategies to increase recruitment and overcome suppression of NK cells in the lymph node microenvironment to improve tumour clearance. In this review, we summarise the literature interrogating NK cell phenotype and function in the lymph nodes in the context of infection and cancer and evaluate both current and potential strategies to mobilise and activate NK cells within the lymph nodes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew D. Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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2
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Wang JN, Zheng G, Wu W, Huang H. Follicular helper T cells: emerging roles in lymphomagenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:54-63. [PMID: 37939814 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that are fundamental to forming germinal centers, which are the primary sites of antibody affinity maturation and the proliferation of activated B cells. Follicular helper T cells have been extensively studied over the past 10 years, especially regarding their roles in cancer genesis. This review describes the characteristics of normal follicular helper T cells and focuses on the emerging link between follicular helper T cells and lymphomagenesis. Advances in lymphoma genetics have substantially expanded our understanding of the role of follicular helper T cells in lymphomagenesis. Moreover, we detail a range of agents and new therapies, with a major focus on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; these novel approaches may offer new treatment opportunities for patients with lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Nuo Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 311106, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, No.17 Old Zhejiang University Road, Hangzhou, 311112, China
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3
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Krull JE, Wenzl K, Hopper MA, Manske MK, Sarangi V, Maurer MJ, Larson MC, Mondello P, Yang Z, Novak JP, Serres M, Whitaker KR, Villasboas Bisneto JC, Habermann TM, Witzig TE, Link BK, Rimsza LM, King RL, Ansell SM, Cerhan JR, Novak AJ. Follicular lymphoma B cells exhibit heterogeneous transcriptional states with associated somatic alterations and tumor microenvironments. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101443. [PMID: 38428430 PMCID: PMC10983045 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center origin, which presents with significant biologic and clinical heterogeneity. Using RNA-seq on B cells sorted from 87 FL biopsies, combined with machine-learning approaches, we identify 3 transcriptional states that divide the biological ontology of FL B cells into inflamed, proliferative, and chromatin-modifying states, with relationship to prior GC B cell phenotypes. When integrated with whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling, we find that each state was associated with a combination of mutations in chromatin modifiers, copy-number alterations to TNFAIP3, and T follicular helper cells (Tfh) cell interactions, or primarily by a microenvironment rich in activated T cells. Altogether, these data define FL B cell transcriptional states across a large cohort of patients, contribute to our understanding of FL heterogeneity at the tumor cell level, and provide a foundation for guiding therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Wenzl
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Maurer
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - ZhiZhang Yang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Link
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca L King
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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4
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Yaacoub K, Pedeux R, Lafite P, Jarry U, Aci-Sèche S, Bonnet P, Daniellou R, Guillaudeux T. The Identification of New c-FLIP Inhibitors for Restoring Apoptosis in TRAIL-Resistant Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:710-728. [PMID: 38248348 PMCID: PMC10814526 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytically inactive caspase-8-homologous protein, c-FLIP, is a potent antiapoptotic protein highly expressed in various types of cancers. c-FLIP competes with caspase-8 for binding to the adaptor protein FADD (Fas-Associated Death Domain) following death receptors' (DRs) activation via the ligands of the TNF-R family. As a consequence, the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway involving DRs is inhibited. The inhibition of c-FLIP activity in tumor cells might enhance DR-mediated apoptosis and overcome immune and anticancer drug resistance. Based on an in silico approach, the aim of this work was to identify new small inhibitory molecules able to bind selectively to c-FLIP and block its anti-apoptotic activity. Using a homology 3D model of c-FLIP, an in silico screening of 1880 compounds from the NCI database (National Cancer Institute) was performed. Nine molecules were selected for in vitro assays, based on their binding affinity to c-FLIP and their high selectivity compared to caspase-8. These molecules selectively bind to the Death Effector Domain 2 (DED2) of c-FLIP. We have tested in vitro the inhibitory effect of these nine molecules using the human lung cancer cell line H1703, overexpressing c-FLIP. Our results showed that six of these newly identified compounds efficiently prevent FADD/c-FLIP interactions in a molecular pull-down assay, as well as in a DISC immunoprecipitation assay. The overexpression of c-FLIP in H1703 prevents TRAIL-mediated apoptosis; however, a combination of TRAIL with these selected molecules significantly restored TRAIL-induced cell death by rescuing caspase cleavage and activation. Altogether, our findings indicate that new inhibitory chemical molecules efficiently prevent c-FLIP recruitment into the DISC complex, thus restoring the caspase-8-dependent apoptotic cascade. These results pave the way to design new c-FLIP inhibitory molecules that may serve as anticancer agents in tumors overexpressing c-FLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Yaacoub
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Pierre Lafite
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Ulrich Jarry
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
| | - Samia Aci-Sèche
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Richard Daniellou
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
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5
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Ng WL, Ansell SM, Mondello P. Insights into the tumor microenvironment of B cell lymphoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:362. [PMID: 36578079 PMCID: PMC9798587 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The standard therapies in lymphoma have predominantly focused on targeting tumor cells with less of a focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a critical role in favoring tumor growth and survival. Such an approach may result in increasingly refractory disease with progressively reduced responses to subsequent treatments. To overcome this hurdle, targeting the TME has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. The TME consists of T and B lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other components. Understanding the TME can lead to a comprehensive approach to managing lymphoma, resulting in therapeutic strategies that target not only cancer cells, but also the supportive environment and thereby ultimately improve survival of lymphoma patients. Here, we review the normal function of different components of the TME, the impact of their aberrant behavior in B cell lymphoma and the current TME-direct therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Lynn Ng
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephen M. Ansell
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Patrizia Mondello
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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6
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Dumontet E, Mancini SJC, Tarte K. Bone Marrow Lymphoid Niche Adaptation to Mature B Cell Neoplasms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784691. [PMID: 34956214 PMCID: PMC8694563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) evolution and treatment are complicated by a high prevalence of relapses primarily due to the ability of malignant B cells to interact with tumor-supportive lymph node (LN) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironments. In particular, progressive alterations of BM stromal cells sustain the survival, proliferation, and drug resistance of tumor B cells during diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The current review describes how the crosstalk between BM stromal cells and lymphoma tumor cells triggers the establishment of the tumor supportive niche. DLBCL, FL, and CLL display distinct patterns of BM involvement, but in each case tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, corresponding to cancer-associated fibroblasts, exhibit specific phenotypic and functional features promoting the recruitment, adhesion, and survival of tumor cells. Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been recently proposed as playing a central role in triggering initial induction of tumor-supportive niches, notably within the BM. Finally, the disruption of the BM stroma reprogramming emerges as a promising therapeutic option in B-cell lymphomas. Targeting the crosstalk between BM stromal cells and malignant B cells, either through the inhibition of stroma-derived B-cell growth factors or through the mobilization of clonal B cells outside their supportive BM niche, should in particular be further evaluated as a way to avoid relapses by abrogating resistance niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Dumontet
- Univ Rennes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) U1236, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Pôle de Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane J C Mancini
- Univ Rennes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) U1236, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Univ Rennes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) U1236, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Pôle de Biologie, Rennes, France
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7
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Zou M, Jiang D, Wu T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wu D, Sun W, Cui J, Moreland L, Li G. Post-GWAS functional studies reveal an RA-associated CD40-induced NF-kB signal transduction and transcriptional regulation network targeted by class II HDAC inhibitors. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:823-835. [PMID: 33517445 PMCID: PMC8161515 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it remains difficult to identify which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are functional and how various functional SNPs (fSNPs) interact and contribute to disease susceptibility. GWAS have identified a CD40 locus that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously used two techniques developed in our laboratory, single nucleotide polymorphism-next-generation sequencing (SNP-seq) and flanking restriction enhanced DNA pulldown-mass spectrometry (FREP-MS), to determine that the RA risk gene RBPJ regulates CD40 expression via a fSNP at the RA-associated CD40 locus. In the present work, by applying the same approach, we report the identification of six proteins that regulate RBPJ expression via binding to two fSNPs on the RA-associated RBPJ locus. Using these findings, together with the published data, we constructed an RA-associated signal transduction and transcriptional regulation network (STTRN) that functionally connects multiple RA-associated risk genes via transcriptional regulation networks (TRNs) linked by CD40-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling. Remarkably, this STTRN provides insight into the potential mechanism of action for the histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat, an approved therapy for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Thus, the generation of disease-associated STTRNs based on post-GWAS functional studies is demonstrated as a novel and effective approach to apply GWAS for mechanistic studies and target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Larry Moreland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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8
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Haebe S, Shree T, Sathe A, Day G, Czerwinski DK, Grimes SM, Lee H, Binkley MS, Long SR, Martin B, Ji HP, Levy R. Single-cell analysis can define distinct evolution of tumor sites in follicular lymphoma. Blood 2021; 137:2869-2880. [PMID: 33728464 PMCID: PMC8160505 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity complicates biomarker development and fosters drug resistance in solid malignancies. In lymphoma, our knowledge of site-to-site heterogeneity and its clinical implications is still limited. Here, we profiled 2 nodal, synchronously acquired tumor samples from 10 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) using single-cell RNA, B-cell receptor (BCR) and T-cell receptor sequencing, and flow cytometry. By following the rapidly mutating tumor immunoglobulin genes, we discovered that BCR subclones were shared between the 2 tumor sites in some patients, but in many patients, the disease had evolved separately with limited tumor cell migration between the sites. Patients exhibiting divergent BCR evolution also exhibited divergent tumor gene-expression and cell-surface protein profiles. While the overall composition of the tumor microenvironment did not differ significantly between sites, we did detect a specific correlation between site-to-site tumor heterogeneity and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell abundance. We further observed enrichment of particular ligand-receptor pairs between tumor and Tfh cells, including CD40 and CD40LG, and a significant correlation between tumor CD40 expression and Tfh proliferation. Our study may explain discordant responses to systemic therapies, underscores the difficulty of capturing a patient's disease with a single biopsy, and furthers our understanding of tumor-immune networks in FL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle
- CD40 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/biosynthesis
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- Clonal Evolution/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/chemistry
- Lymph Nodes/ultrastructure
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Single-Cell Analysis
- T Follicular Helper Cells/immunology
- T Follicular Helper Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Haebe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Tanaya Shree
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Anuja Sathe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Grady Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | | | - HoJoon Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Brock Martin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
- Stanford Genome Technology Center
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
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9
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Cardoso Alves L, Corazza N, Micheau O, Krebs P. The multifaceted role of TRAIL signaling in cancer and immunity. FEBS J 2020; 288:5530-5554. [PMID: 33215853 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can lead to the induction of apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. However, activation of TRAIL signaling may also trigger nonapoptotic pathways in cancer and in nontransformed cells, that is, immune cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on noncanonical TRAIL signaling. The biological outcomes of TRAIL signaling in immune and malignant cells are presented and explained, with a focus on the role of TRAIL for natural killer (NK) cell function. Furthermore, we highlight the technical difficulties in dissecting the precise molecular mechanisms involved in the switch between apoptotic and nonapoptotic TRAIL signaling. Finally, we discuss the consequences thereof for a therapeutic manipulation of TRAIL in cancer and possible approaches to bypass these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
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10
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de Weerdt I, Lameris R, Scheffer GL, Vree J, de Boer R, Stam AG, van de Ven R, Levin MD, Pals ST, Roovers RC, Parren PWHI, de Gruijl TD, Kater AP, van der Vliet HJ. A Bispecific Antibody Antagonizes Prosurvival CD40 Signaling and Promotes Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-Mediated Antitumor Responses in Human B-cell Malignancies. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:50-61. [PMID: 33177109 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel T cell-based therapies for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM), are thought to have strong potential. Progress, however, has been hampered by low efficacy and high toxicity. Tumor targeting by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, a conserved T-cell subset with potent intrinsic antitumor properties, mediated by a bispecific antibody represents a novel approach promising high efficacy with limited toxicity. Here, we describe the generation of a bispecific Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell engager directed against CD40, which, due to its overexpression and biological footprint in malignant B cells, represents an attractive target. The CD40-targeting moiety of the bispecific antibody was selected because it can prevent CD40L-induced prosurvival signaling and reduce CD40-mediated resistance of CLL cells to venetoclax. Selective activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the presence of CD40+ tumor cells induced potent Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell degranulation, cytotoxicity against CLL and MM cells in vitro, and in vivo control of MM in a xenograft model. The CD40-bispecific γδ T-cell engager demonstrated lysis of leukemic cells by autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T cells present in patient-derived samples. Taken together, our CD40 bispecific γδ T-cell engager increased the sensitivity of leukemic cells to apoptosis and induced a potent Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-dependent antileukemic response. It may, therefore, represent a potential candidate for the development of novel treatments for B-cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Middle Aged
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris de Weerdt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George L Scheffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Vree
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renate de Boer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita G Stam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul W H I Parren
- Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Aboulnasr F, Krogman A, Graham RP, Cummins NW, Misra A, Garcia-Rivera E, Anderson JR, Natesampillai S, Kogan N, Aravamudan M, Nie Z, Chung TDY, Buick R, Feldman AL, King RL, Novak AJ, Ansell SM, Kenderian S, Badley AD. Human Cancers Express TRAILshort, a Dominant Negative TRAIL Splice Variant, Which Impairs Immune Effector Cell Killing of Tumor Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5759-5771. [PMID: 32669373 PMCID: PMC7642027 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression by immune cells contributes to antitumor immunity. A naturally occurring splice variant of TRAIL, called TRAILshort, antagonizes TRAIL-dependent cell killing. It is unknown whether tumor cells express TRAILshort and if it impacts antitumor immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used an unbiased informatics approach to identify TRAILshort expression in primary human cancers, and validated those results with IHC and ISH. TRAILshort-specific mAbs were used to determine the effect of TRAILshort on tumor cell sensitivity to TRAIL, and to immune effector cell dependent killing of autologous primary tumors. RESULTS As many as 40% of primary human tumors express TRAILshort by both RNA sequencing and IHC analysis. By ISH, TRAILshort expression is present in tumor cells and not bystander cells. TRAILshort inhibition enhances cancer cell lines sensitivity to TRAIL-dependent killing both in vitro and in immunodeficient xenograft mouse models. Immune effector cells isolated from patients with B-cell malignancies killed more autologous tumor cells in the presence compared with the absence of TRAILshort antibody (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results identify TRAILshort in primary human malignancies, and suggest that TRAILshort blockade can augment the effector function of autologous immune effector cells.See related commentary by de Miguel and Pardo, p. 5546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aboulnasr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ashton Krogman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rondell P Graham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nathan W Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anisha Misra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jeff R Anderson
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Zilin Nie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Rebecca L King
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne J Novak
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Saad Kenderian
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Mintz MA, Cyster JG. T follicular helper cells in germinal center B cell selection and lymphomagenesis. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:48-61. [PMID: 32412663 PMCID: PMC7817257 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are confined anatomic regions where rapidly proliferating B cells undergo somatic mutation and selection and eventual differentiation into memory B cells or long-lived plasma cells. GCs are also the origin of malignancy, namely follicular lymphoma (FL), GC B cell-diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). GC B cell lymphomas maintain their GC transcriptional signatures and sustain many features of the GC microenvironment, including CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells are essential for the formation and maintenance of GCs, providing critical helper signals such as CD40L. Large-scale sequencing efforts have led to new insights about the tightly regulated selection mechanisms that are commonly targeted during GC B cell lymphomagenesis. For instance, HVEM, a frequently mutated surface molecule in GC-derived lymphomas, engages the inhibitory receptor BTLA on Tfh cells and loss of HVEM leads to exaggerated T cell help. Here, we review current understanding of how Tfh cells contribute to the selection of GC B cells, with a particular emphasis on how Tfh cell signals may contribute to lymphomagenesis. The possibility of targeting Tfh cells for the treatment of GC-derived lymphomas is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Lamaison C, Tarte K. Impact of B cell/lymphoid stromal cell crosstalk in B-cell physiology and malignancy. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Sag D, Ayyildiz ZO, Gunalp S, Wingender G. The Role of TRAIL/DRs in the Modulation of Immune Cells and Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101469. [PMID: 31574961 PMCID: PMC6826877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand) by immune cells can lead to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. However, it becomes increasingly clear that the interaction of TRAIL and its death receptors (DRs) can also directly impact immune cells and influence immune responses. Here, we review what is known about the role of TRAIL/DRs in immune cells and immune responses in general and in the tumor microenvironment in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Gunalp
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
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15
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de Looff M, de Jong S, Kruyt FAE. Multiple Interactions Between Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment Modulate TRAIL Signaling: Implications for TRAIL Receptor Targeted Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1530. [PMID: 31333662 PMCID: PMC6617985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling is far more complex than initially anticipated and can lead to either anti- or protumorigenic effects, hampering the successful clinical use of therapeutic TRAIL receptor agonists. Cell autonomous resistance mechanisms have been identified in addition to paracrine factors that can modulate apoptosis sensitivity. The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of cellular and non-cellular components, is a source for multiple signals that are able to modulate TRAIL signaling in tumor and stromal cells. Particularly immune effector cells, also part of the TME, employ the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system whereby cell surface expressed TRAIL can activate apoptosis via TRAIL receptors on tumor cells, which is part of tumor immune surveillance. In this review we aim to dissect the impact of the TME on signaling induced by endogenous and exogenous/therapeutic TRAIL, thereby distinguishing different components of the TME such as immune effector cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and non-hematopoietic stromal cells. In addition, also non-cellular biochemical and biophysical properties of the TME are considered including mechanical stress, acidity, hypoxia, and glucose deprivation. Available literature thus far indicates that tumor-TME interactions are complex and often bidirectional leading to tumor-enhancing or tumor-reducing effects in a tumor model- and tumor type-dependent fashion. Multiple signals originating from different components of the TME simultaneously affect TRAIL receptor signaling. We conclude that in order to unleash the full clinical potential of TRAIL receptor agonists it will be necessary to increase our understanding of the contribution of different TME components on outcome of therapeutic TRAIL receptor activation in order to identify the most critical mechanism responsible for resistance, allowing the design of effective combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot de Looff
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Höpken UE, Rehm A. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment of Leukemia and Lymphoma. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:351-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Staniek J, Lorenzetti R, Heller B, Janowska I, Schneider P, Unger S, Warnatz K, Seidl M, Venhoff N, Thiel J, Smulski CR, Rizzi M. TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 31114586 PMCID: PMC6503035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of B cell homeostasis requires a tight control of B cell generation, survival, activation, and maturation. In lymphocytes upon activation, increased sensitivity to apoptotic signals helps controlling differentiation and proliferation. The death receptor Fas is important in this context because genetic Fas mutations in humans lead to an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome that is similar to lymphoproliferation observed in Fas-deficient mice. In contrast, the physiological role of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAIL-Rs) in humans has been poorly studied so far. Indeed, most studies have focused on tumor cell lines and on mouse models whose results are difficult to transpose to primary human B cells. In the present work, the expression of apoptosis-inducing TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and of the decoy receptors TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 was systematically studied in all developmental stages of peripheral B cells isolated from the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. Expression of TRAIL-Rs is modulated along development, with highest levels observed in germinal center B cells. In addition, T-dependent and T-independent signals elicited induction of TRAIL-Rs with distinct kinetics, which differed among B cell subpopulations: switched memory cells rapidly upregulated TRAIL-R1 and -2 upon activation while naïve B cells only reached similar expression levels at later time points in culture. Increased expression of TRAIL-R1 and -2 coincided with a caspase-3-dependent sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in activated B cells but not in freshly isolated resting B cells. Finally, both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 could signal actively and both contributed to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Staniek
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Lorenzetti
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Heller
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iga Janowska
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Thiel
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Roberto Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Xie MM, Dent AL. Unexpected Help: Follicular Regulatory T Cells in the Germinal Center. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1536. [PMID: 30013575 PMCID: PMC6036241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are necessary for germinal center (GC) formation and within the GC, provide key signals to B cells for their differentiation into plasmablasts and plasma cells that secrete high-affinity and isotype-switched antibody (Ab). A specialized subset of Foxp3+ T cells termed T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, also regulate the differentiation of Ab-secreting cells from the GC. Tfr-cell function in the GC is not well understood, however, the dominant paradigm currently is that Tfr cells repress excessive Tfh and GC B cell proliferation and help promote stringent selection of high-affinity B cells. A mouse model where the Bcl6 gene is specifically deleted in Foxp3+ T cells (Bcl6FC mice) allows the study of Tfr cell function with more precision than other approaches. Studies with this model have shown that Tfr cells play a key role in maintaining GC B cell proliferation and Ab levels. Part of the mechanism for this positive "helper" effect of Tfr cells on the GC is Tfr cell-derived IL-10, which can promote B cell growth and entry into the dark zone of the GC. Recent studies on Tfr cells support a new paradigm for Tfr cell function in the GC reaction. Here, we review studies on Tfr cell functions and discuss the evidence that Tfr cells can have a major helper role in the GC-dependent Ab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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19
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Ochando J, Braza MS. T follicular helper cells: a potential therapeutic target in follicular lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112116-112131. [PMID: 29340116 PMCID: PMC5762384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), is a germinal center (GC)-derived lymphoma. The mechanisms underlying B-cell differentiation/maturation in GCs could be also involved in their malignant transformation. Moreover, the non-malignant cell composition and architecture of the tumor microenvironment can influence FL development and outcome. Here, we review recent research advances on CD4 helper T cells in FL that highlight the pivotal role of T follicular helper (TFH) cells in a complex multicellular system where they interact with B cells during GC dynamics. After describing the mechanism of FL lymphomagenesis, we discuss the emerging evidence about TFH cell enrichment and involvement in FL tumorigenesis and in B-T cell interaction, TFH regulation by T follicular regulatory cells (TFR) and its potential effect on FL. Then, we provide an overview on the flexible interplay between the different CD4 T-cell subtypes and how this may be predicted in normal and pathologic contexts, according to the cell epigenetic state. Finally, we highlight the importance of targeting TFH cells in the clinic, summarize the main outstanding questions about TFH and TFR cells in FL, and describe strategies to potentiate FL therapy by taking into account TFH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mounia S Braza
- Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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20
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Pevonedistat, a Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor, sensitizes neoplastic B-cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21128-21139. [PMID: 28177892 PMCID: PMC5400571 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While death receptor ligands (Fas and TRAIL) kill chemoresistant tumor cell lines, related therapies have limited clinical efficacy as single agents. Death receptor signaling is modulated by nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), a family of transcription factors which are constitutively active in B-cell malignancies. We and others have shown that pevonedistat, an investigational inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme, abrogates NFκB activity in B-cell neoplasia. Here we demonstrate that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, particularly activated B-cell type, and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells are re-sensitized to extrinsic apoptosis by pevonedistat. Pevonedistat enhanced caspase-8 processing following death receptor ligation, and downmodulated cFLIP, a NFκB-regulated protease-deficient caspase homolog. However, treatment with pevonedistat did not modulate death-inducing signaling complex in neoplastic B-cells, suggesting that they were sensitized to death ligands through the mitochondrial pathway. Our data provide rationale for further development of pharmacologic agents including pevonedistat in strategies which enhance death receptor signaling in lymphoid malignancies.
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21
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Dai JJ, Jiang MJ, Wang XP, Tian L. Inflammation-Related Pancreatic Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Potentials in Advances. Pancreas 2017; 46:973-985. [PMID: 28796135 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been considered critical in pancreatic carcinogenesis, and recently studies showed that some anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin could potentially be used to attenuate pancreatic carcinogenesis. Several inflammation-related critical transcription factors and pathways such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) and reactive oxygen species have been confirmed to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, its underlying mechanisms are far from clear, which largely limits further development of potential anticarcinogenesis drugs. As a result, it is of great importance for us to better understand and gain a better perspective in inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent advances concerning inflammation-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and brought out the possible underlying mechanisms. Potential preventive and therapeutic strategies based on anti-inflammatory agents have also been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Dai
- From the *Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, †Institute of Translational Medicine, and ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Pang Q, Wang A, Chen M, Wei X. An in vitro study on the effects of the combination of salinomycin with cisplatin on human gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627601 PMCID: PMC5561897 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of cisplatin (DDP) combined with salinomycin (SAL) on the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, as well as to explore the mechanisms underlying their actions. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of SAL, DDP and their combination on gastric cancer cell proliferation. Morphological alterations of cancer cells following treatment were observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope and a fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and Fas protein ligand (L) in cancer cells was assessed using immunocytochemistry. The present results demonstrated that the combination of SAL and DDP significantly inhibited the proliferation (P<0.05) and altered the morphological characteristics of SGC-7901 cells, thus suggesting that SAL may enhance the susceptibility of gastric cancer cells to DDP. In addition, treatment with a combination of SAL and DDP resulted in S phase-arrest and increased the apoptotic rate of SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, marked FasL upregulation and NF-κB p65 downregulation were observed in cancer cells treated with the combination of SAL and DDP. The results of the present study demonstrated that the combination of SAL and DDP induced the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and suggested that the underlying mechanism may involve the upregulation of FasL and downregulation of NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwen Zhang
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Pang
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Aihong Wang
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Meini Chen
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Medical College, Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
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23
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Hetero-oligomerization between the TNF receptor superfamily members CD40, Fas and TRAILR2 modulate CD40 signalling. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2601. [PMID: 28182009 PMCID: PMC5386471 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TNF receptor superfamily members (TNFRSF) such as CD40, Fas and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR2) participate to the adaptive immune response by eliciting survival, proliferation, differentiation and/or cell death signals. The balance between these signals determines the fate of the immune response. It was previously reported that these receptors are able to self-assemble in the absence of ligand through their extracellular regions. However, the role of this oligomerization is not well understood, and none of the proposed hypotheses take into account potential hetero-association of receptors. Using CD40 as bait in a flow cytometry Förster resonance energy transfer assay, TNFRSF members with known functions in B cells were probed for interactions. Both Fas and TRAILR2 associated with CD40. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction of CD40 with Fas at the endogenous levels in a BJAB B-cell lymphoma cell line deficient for TRAILR2. TRAILR2-expressing BJAB cells displayed a robust CD40–TRAILR2 interaction at the expense of the CD40–Fas interaction. The same results were obtained by proximity ligation assay, using TRAILR2-positive and -negative BJAB cells and primary human B cells. Expression of the extracellular domains of Fas or TRAILR2 with a glycolipid membrane anchor specifically reduced the intrinsic signalling pathway of CD40 in 293T cells. Conversely, BJAB cells lacking endogenous Fas or TRAILR2 showed an increased NF-κB response to CD40L. Finally, upregulation of TRAILR2 in primary human B cells correlated with reduced NF-κB activation and reduced proliferation in response to CD40L. Altogether, these data reveal that selective interactions between different TNFRSF members may modulate ligand-induced responses upstream signalling events.
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24
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Kang WT, Vellasamy KM, Vadivelu J. Eukaryotic pathways targeted by the type III secretion system effector protein, BipC, involved in the intracellular lifecycle of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33528. [PMID: 27634329 PMCID: PMC5025855 DOI: 10.1038/srep33528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent for melioidosis, is known to secrete a type III secretion system (TTSS) protein into the host’s internal milieu. One of the TTSS effector protein, BipC, has been shown to play an important role in the B. pseudomallei pathogenesis. To identify the host response profile that was directly or indirectly regulated by this protein, genome-wide transcriptome approach was used to examine the gene expression profiles of infected mice. The transcriptome analysis of the liver and spleen revealed that a total of approximately 1,000 genes were transcriptionally affected by BipC. Genes involved in bacterial invasion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK signalling pathway were over-expressed and may be specifically regulated by BipC in vivo. These results suggest that BipC mainly targets pathways related to the cellular processes which could modulate the cellular trafficking processes. The host transcriptional response exhibited remarkable differences with and without the presence of the BipC protein. Overall, the detailed picture of this study provides new insights that BipC may have evolved to efficiently manipulate host-cell pathways which is crucial in the intracellular lifecycle of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tyng Kang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Emerging therapies provide new opportunities to reshape the multifaceted interactions between the immune system and lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2016; 30:1805-15. [PMID: 27389058 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a complete neoplastic phenotype requires cancer cells to develop escape mechanisms from the host immune system. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as 'immune evasion,' represents a hallmark of cancers and results from a Darwinian selection of the fittest tumor clones. First reported in solid tumors, cancer immunoescape characterizes several hematological malignancies. The biological bases of cancer immunoescape have recently been disclosed and include: (i) impaired human leukocyte antigen-mediated cancer cell recognition (B2M, CD58, CTIIA, CD80/CD86, CD28 and CTLA-4 mutations); (ii) deranged apoptotic mechanisms (reduced pro-apoptotic signals and/or increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules); and (iii) changes in the tumor microenvironment involving regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. These immune-escape mechanisms characterize both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin (B and T cell) lymphomas and represent a promising target for new anti-tumor therapies. In the present review, the principles of cancer immunoescape and their role in human lymphomagenesis are illustrated. Current therapies targeting these pathways and possible applications for lymphoma treatment are also addressed.
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Stiefelhagen M, Gigel C, Vasyutina E, Möllmann M, Breuer A, Mayer P, Dürig J, Herling M. Activity of the CD40 antagonistic antibody lucatumumab - insights from CLL-niche mimicking xenografts and fludarabine combinations. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2235-8. [PMID: 26758550 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1135433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Stiefelhagen
- a Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Carola Gigel
- a Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Elena Vasyutina
- a Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , University of Cologne , Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Breuer
- a Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Petra Mayer
- a Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- b Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen , Germany
| | - Marco Herling
- a Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , University of Cologne , Germany
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27
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Grygorowicz MA, Biernacka M, Bujko M, Nowak E, Rymkiewicz G, Paszkiewicz-Kozik E, Borycka IS, Bystydzienski Z, Walewski J, Markowicz S. Human regulatory T cells suppress proliferation of B lymphoma cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:1903-20. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Goldar S, Khaniani MS, Derakhshan SM, Baradaran B. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2129-44. [PMID: 25824729 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a mechanism which is crucial for all multicellular organisms to control cell proliferation and maintain tissue homeostasis as well as eliminate harmful or unnecessary cells from an organism. Defects in the physiological mechanisms of apoptosis may contribute to different human diseases like cancer. Identification of the mechanisms of apoptosis and its effector proteins as well as the genes responsible for apoptosis has provided a new opportunity to discover and develop novel agents that can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis or reset their apoptotic threshold. These novel targeted therapies include those targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, p53, the extrinsic pathway, FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and the caspases. In recent years a number of these novel agents have been assessed in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we introduce some of the key regulatory molecules that control the apoptotic pathways, extrinsic and intrinsic death receptors, discuss how defects in apoptotic pathways contribute to cancer, and list several agents being developed to target apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Goldar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Labratorary, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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29
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Marine Drugs Regulating Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6884-909. [PMID: 26580630 PMCID: PMC4663558 DOI: 10.3390/md13116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biomass diversity is a tremendous source of potential anticancer compounds. Several natural marine products have been described to restore tumor cell sensitivity to TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death. TRAIL is involved during tumor immune surveillance. Its selectivity for cancer cells has attracted much attention in oncology. This review aims at discussing the main mechanisms by which TRAIL signaling is regulated and presenting how marine bioactive compounds have been found, so far, to overcome TRAIL resistance in tumor cells.
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Vacher P, Vacher AM, Pineau R, Latour S, Soubeyran I, Pangault C, Tarte K, Soubeyran P, Ducret T, Bresson-Bepoldin L. Localized Store-Operated Calcium Influx Represses CD95-Dependent Apoptotic Effects of Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin B Lymphomas. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26202984 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The anti-CD20 mAb, rituximab, is routinely used to treat B cell malignancies. However, a majority of patients relapse. An improvement in the complete response was obtained by combining rituximab with chemotherapy, at the cost of increased toxicity. We reported that rituximab induced the colocalization of both the Orai1 Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channel (CRAC) and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 with CD20 and CD95 into a cluster, eliciting a polarized store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). We observed that blocking this Ca(2+) entry with downregulation of Orai1, pharmacological inhibitors, or reducing calcemia with hypocalcemic drugs sensitized human B lymphoma cell lines and primary human lymphoma cells to rituximab-induced apoptosis in vitro, and improved the antitumoral effect of rituximab in xenografted mice. This revealed that Ca(2+) entry exerted a negative feedback loop on rituximab-induced apoptosis, suggesting that associating CRAC channel inhibitors or hypocalcemic agents with rituximab may improve the treatment of patients with B cell malignancies. The calcium-dependent proteins involved in this process appear to vary according to the B lymphoma cell type, suggesting that CRAC-channel targeting is likely to be more efficient than calcium-dependent protein targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vacher
- Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM U916 Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France;
| | - Anne-Marie Vacher
- Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM U916 Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Raphael Pineau
- Animalerie Mutualisée, Université de Bordeaux, F33400 Talence, France
| | - Simon Latour
- Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM U916 Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Soubeyran
- Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM U916 Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Celine Pangault
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 917, F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 917, F-35043 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Soubeyran
- Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM U916 Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; and INSERM, U1045, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Bresson-Bepoldin
- Institut Bergonié, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM U916 Validation et Identification de Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France;
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31
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Soldevilla MM, Villanueva H, Bendandi M, Inoges S, López-Díaz de Cerio A, Pastor F. 2-fluoro-RNA oligonucleotide CD40 targeted aptamers for the control of B lymphoma and bone-marrow aplasia. Biomaterials 2015; 67:274-85. [PMID: 26231918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have underscored the importance of immunomodulatory antibodies in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. ODN-Aptamers are rising as a novel class of drugs that can rival therapeutic antibodies. The success of some of the current cancer immunotherapy approaches in oncological patients depends on the intrinsic antigenicity of each tumor as has recently been disclosed, and it is hampered in those patients that are treated with myeloablative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which induce profound immunosuppression. CD40 agonist and antagonist molecules offer a new therapeutic alternative which has the potential to generate anticancer effects by different mechanisms. HS-SELEX was performed to identify high-affinity aptamers against CD40, and three therapeutic CD40 constructs were engineered as: CD40 agonist aptamer, CD40 antagonist aptamer and CD40 agonistic aptamer-shRNA chimera. It is shown that CD40 agonist aptamers can be used to promote bone-marrow aplasia recovery. CD40 antagonist aptamers are revealed to have a direct antitumor effect on CD40-expressing B-cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Further, in order to identify a therapeutic reagent that will generate the optimal conditions for cancer immunotherapy (antigen-presenting cell activation, tumor antigenicity enhancement and bone-marrow aplasia recovery), CD40 agonist aptamer-shRNA chimera was generated to target the inhibition of the Nonsense mRNA Mediated Decay (NMD) to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martinez Soldevilla
- CIMA, Program of Molecular Therapies, Aptamer Unit, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Helena Villanueva
- CIMA, Program of Molecular Therapies, Aptamer Unit, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maurizio Bendandi
- Ross University School of Medicine, PO Box 266 Roseau, Portsmouth, Dominica
| | - Susana Inoges
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Pastor
- CIMA, Program of Molecular Therapies, Aptamer Unit, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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32
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Talekar MK, Allen JE, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS. ONC201 induces cell death in pediatric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2422-8. [PMID: 26030065 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1054086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ONC201/TIC10 is a small molecule initially discovered by its ability to coordinately induce and activate the TRAIL pathway selectively in tumor cells and has recently entered clinical trials in adult advanced cancers. The anti-tumor activity of ONC201 has previously been demonstrated in several preclinical models of cancer, including refractory solid tumors and a transgenic lymphoma mouse model. Based on the need for new safe and effective therapies in pediatric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and the non-toxic preclinical profile of ONC201, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of ONC201 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines to evaluate its therapeutic potential for this disease. ONC201 caused a dose-dependent reduction in the cell viability of NHL cell lines that resulted from induction of apoptosis. As expected from prior observations, induction of TRAIL and its receptor DR5 was also observed in these cell lines. Furthermore, dual induction of TRAIL and DR5 appeared to drive the observed apoptosis and TRAIL expression was correlated linearly with sub-G1 DNA content, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker of tumor response to ONC201-treated lymphoma cells. We further investigated combinations of ONC201 with approved chemotherapeutic agents used to treat lymphoma. ONC201 exhibited synergy in combination with the anti-metabolic agent cytarabine in vitro, in addition to cooperating with other therapies. Together these findings indicate that ONC201 is an effective TRAIL pathway-inducer as a monoagent that can be combined with chemotherapy to enhance therapeutic responses in pediatric NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala K Talekar
- a Division of Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia ; Philadelphia , PA USA
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33
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Germain C, Guillaudeux T, Galsgaard ED, Hervouet C, Tekaya N, Gallouet AS, Fassy J, Bihl F, Poupon G, Lazzari A, Spee P, Anjuère F, Pangault C, Tarte K, Tas P, Xerri L, Braud VM. Lectin-like transcript 1 is a marker of germinal center-derived B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas dampening natural killer cell functions. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1026503. [PMID: 26405582 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1026503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are malignant neoplasms which are clinically and biologically diverse. Their incidence is constantly increasing and despite treatment advances, there is a need for novel targeted therapies. Here, we identified Lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1) as a biomarker of germinal center (GC)-derived B-cell NHLs. LLT1 identifies GC B cells in reactive tonsils and lymph nodes and its expression is maintained in B-cell NHLs which derive from GC, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and GC-derived diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We further show that LLT1 expression by tumors dampens natural killer (NK) cell functions following interaction with its receptor CD161, uncovering a potential immune escape mechanism. Our results pinpoint LLT1 as a novel biomarker of GC-derived B-cell NHLs and as a candidate target for innovative immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Germain
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France ; Laboratory "Cancer, Immune control and Escape,", Cordeliers Research Center; UMRS1138 ; Paris, France
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- Université de Rennes 1; INSERM, Unité 917; EFS Bretagne; UMS 3480CNRS 018INSERM Biosit ; Rennes, France
| | | | - Catherine Hervouet
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Nedra Tekaya
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouet
- Université de Rennes 1; INSERM, Unité 917; EFS Bretagne; UMS 3480CNRS 018INSERM Biosit ; Rennes, France
| | - Julien Fassy
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Franck Bihl
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Gwenola Poupon
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Anne Lazzari
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Pieter Spee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S , DK-2760; Måløv, Denmark
| | - Fabienne Anjuère
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
| | - Céline Pangault
- Université de Rennes 1; INSERM, Unité 917, EFS Bretagne; CHU de Rennes, Service d'Hématologie, UMS 3480CNRS 018INSERM Biosit ; Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Université de Rennes 1; INSERM, Unité 917, EFS Bretagne; CHU de Rennes, Service d'Hématologie, UMS 3480CNRS 018INSERM Biosit ; Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Tas
- Université de Rennes 1; INSERM, Unité 917, EFS Bretagne; CHU de Rennes, Service d'Hématologie, UMS 3480CNRS 018INSERM Biosit ; Rennes, France
| | - Luc Xerri
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; INSERM UMR89 , IFR137; Marseille, France
| | - Veronique M Braud
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; CNRS UMR7275 ; Valbonne, France ; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis ; Valbonne, France
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Morlé A, Garrido C, Micheau O. Hyperthermia restores apoptosis induced by death receptors through aggregation-induced c-FLIP cytosolic depletion. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1633. [PMID: 25675293 PMCID: PMC4669817 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL is involved in immune tumor surveillance and is considered a promising anti-cancer agent owing to its limited side effects on healthy cells. However, some cancer cells display resistance, or become resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. Hyperthermia can enhance sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death in various resistant cancer cell lines, including lung, breast, colon or prostate carcinomas. Mild heat shock treatment has been proposed to restore Fas ligand or TRAIL-induced apoptosis through c-FLIP degradation or the mitochondrial pathway. We demonstrate here that neither the mitochondria nor c-FLIP degradation are required for TRAIL-induced cell death restoration during hyperthermia. Our data provide evidence that insolubilization of c-FLIP, alone, is sufficient to enhance apoptosis induced by death receptors. Hyperthermia induced c-FLIP depletion from the cytosolic fraction, without apparent degradation, thereby preventing c-FLIP recruitment to the TRAIL DISC and allowing efficient caspase-8 cleavage and apoptosis. Hyperthermia-induced c-FLIP depletion was independent of c-FLIP DED2 FL chain assembly motif or ubiquitination-mediated c-FLIP degradation, as assessed using c-FLIP point mutants on lysine 167 and 195 or threonine 166, a phosphorylation site known to regulate ubiquitination of c-FLIP. Rather, c-FLIP depletion was associated with aggregation, because addition of glycerol not only prevented the loss of c-FLIP from the cytosol but also enabled c-FLIP recruitment within the TRAIL DISC, thus inhibiting TRAIL-induced apoptosis during hyperthermia. Altogether our results demonstrate that c-FLIP is a thermosensitive protein whose targeting by hyperthermia allows restoration of apoptosis induced by TNF ligands, including TRAIL. Our findings suggest that combining TRAIL agonists with whole-body or localized hyperthermia may be an interesting approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morlé
- 1] INSERM, UMR866, Dijon, F-21079 France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Univ. Bourgogne, Dijon, F-21079 France
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM, UMR866, Dijon, F-21079 France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Univ. Bourgogne, Dijon, F-21079 France [3] Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, F-21000 France
| | - O Micheau
- 1] INSERM, UMR866, Dijon, F-21079 France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Univ. Bourgogne, Dijon, F-21079 France [3] Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, F-21000 France
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Subrahmanyam PB, Carey GB, Webb TJ. Bcl-xL regulates CD1d-mediated antigen presentation to NKT cells by altering CD1d trafficking through the endocytic pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:2096-105. [PMID: 25070854 PMCID: PMC4169674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NKT cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize glycolipid Ags presented in the context of CD1d molecules. NKT cells mount strong antitumor responses and are a major focus in developing effective cancer immunotherapy. It is known that CD1d molecules are constantly internalized from the cell surface, recycled through the endocytic compartments, and re-expressed on the cell surface. However, little is known about the regulation of CD1d-mediated Ag processing and presentation in B cell lymphoma. Prosurvival factors of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-xL, are often upregulated in B cell lymphomas and are intimately linked to sphingolipid metabolism, as well as the endocytic compartments. We hypothesized that Bcl-xL can regulate CD1d-mediated Ag presentation to NKT cells. We found that overexpression or induction of Bcl-xL led to increased Ag presentation to NKT cells. Conversely, the inhibition or knockdown of Bcl-xL led to decreased NKT cell activation. Furthermore, knockdown of Bcl-xL resulted in the loss of CD1d trafficking to lysosome-associated membrane protein 1(+) compartments. Rab7, a late endosomal protein, was upregulated and CD1d molecules accumulated in the Rab7(+) late endosomal compartment. These results demonstrate that Bcl-xL regulates CD1d-mediated Ag processing and presentation to NKT cells by altering the late endosomal compartment and changing the intracellular localization of CD1d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka B Subrahmanyam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Gregory B Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Ischemic tolerance modulates TRAIL expression and its receptors and generates a neuroprotected phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1331. [PMID: 25032854 PMCID: PMC4123080 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily released by microglia, appears to be involved in the induction of apoptosis following focal brain ischemia. Indeed, brain ischemia is associated with progressive enlargement of damaged areas and prominent inflammation. As ischemic preconditioning reduces inflammatory response to brain ischemia and ameliorates brain damage, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of TRAIL and its receptors in stroke and ischemic preconditioning and to propose, by modulating TRAIL pathway, a new therapeutic strategy in stroke. In order to achieve this aim a rat model of harmful focal ischemia, obtained by subjecting animals to 100 min of transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery followed by 24 h of reperfusion and a rat model of ischemic preconditioning in which the harmful ischemia was preceded by 30 mins of tMCAO, which represents the preconditioning protective stimulus, were used. Results show that the neuroprotection elicited by ischemic preconditioning occurs through both upregulation of TRAIL decoy receptors and downregulation of TRAIL itself and of its death receptors. As a counterproof, immunoneutralization of TRAIL in tMCAO animals resulted in significant restraint of tissue damage and in a marked functional recovery. Our data shed new light on the mechanisms that propagate ongoing neuronal damage after ischemia in the adult mammalian brain and provide new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Strategies aimed to repress the death-inducing ligands TRAIL, to antagonize the death receptors, or to activate the decoy receptors open new perspectives for the treatment of stroke.
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Gasparini C, Celeghini C, Monasta L, Zauli G. NF-κB pathways in hematological malignancies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2083-102. [PMID: 24419302 PMCID: PMC11113378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB or NF-κB transcription factor family plays a key role in several cellular functions, i.e. inflammation, apoptosis, cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and innate and acquired immunity. The constitutive activation of NF-κB is typical of most malignancies and plays a major role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe NF-κB and its two pathways: the canonical pathway (RelA/p50) and the non-canonical pathway (RelB/p50 or RelB/p52). We then consider the role of the NF-κB subunits in the development and functional activity of B cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are the targets of hematological malignancies. The relevance of the two pathways is described in normal B and T cells and in hematological malignancies, acute and chronic leukemias (ALL, AML, CLL, CML), B lymphomas (DLBCLs, Hodgkin's lymphoma), T lymphomas (ATLL, ALCL) and multiple myeloma. We describe the interaction of NF-κB with the apoptotic pathways induced by TRAIL and the transcription factor p53. Finally, we discuss therapeutic anti-tumoral approaches as mono-therapies or combination therapies aimed to block NF-κB activity and to induce apoptosis (PARAs and Nutlin-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy,
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Gallouet AS, Travert M, Bresson-Bepoldin L, Guilloton F, Pangault C, Caulet-Maugendre S, Lamy T, Tarte K, Guillaudeux T. COX-2-independent effects of celecoxib sensitize lymphoma B cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2663-73. [PMID: 24637636 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite therapeutic advances, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) remain incurable. They form a group of neoplasms strongly dependent on their inflammatory microenvironment, which plays an important supportive role in tumor B-cell survival and in the resistance to antitumor immune response. New therapies must consider both tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Stromal cells, derived from bone marrow or lymph nodes, and B cells from follicular lymphoma patients were cocultured or cultured alone with celecoxib treatment, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and/or TRAIL, a promising cytotoxic molecule for cancer therapy. RESULTS In this study, we show that follicular lymphoma stromal cells produce large amounts of PGE2. This production is abrogated after celecoxib treatment, targeting the COX-2 isoenzyme involved in PGE2 synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that celecoxib increases apoptosis in NHL B-cell lines and in primary follicular lymphoma B cells cocultured with stromal cells, but independently of the PGE2/COX-2 axis. Finally, celecoxib increases the apoptotic activity of TRAIL. We provide evidence that celecoxib affects proliferation and sensitizes NHL B-cell lines to apoptosis through COX-2-independent effects by slowing down the cell cycle and decreasing the expression of survival proteins, such as Mcl-1. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest new potent strategies for NHL therapy combining drugs targeting both tumor B cells and survival signals provided by the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Gallouet
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Travert
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Bresson-Bepoldin
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Guilloton
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Pangault
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Caulet-Maugendre
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Lamy
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, FranceAuthors' Affiliations: INSERM, UMR 917; Université Rennes 1; EFS Bretagne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Service d'Hématologie; Biosit, SFR Biologie-Santé, Rennes; INSERM, U955, Créteil; and INSERM, U916, Bordeaux, France
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Sander B, de Jong D, Rosenwald A, Xie W, Balagué O, Calaminici M, Carreras J, Gaulard P, Gribben J, Hagenbeek A, Kersten MJ, Molina TJ, Lee A, Montes-Moreno S, Ott G, Raemaekers J, Salles G, Sehn L, Thorns C, Wahlin BE, Gascoyne RD, Weller E. The reliability of immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor microenvironment in follicular lymphoma: a validation study from the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium. Haematologica 2014; 99:715-25. [PMID: 24510338 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.095257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment in follicular lymphoma is of biological and clinical importance. Studies on the clinical significance of non-malignant cell populations have generated conflicting results, which may partly be influenced by poor reproducibility in immunohistochemical marker quantification. In this study, the reproducibility of manual scoring and automated microscopy based on a tissue microarray of 25 follicular lymphomas as compared to flow cytometry is evaluated. The agreement between manual scoring and flow cytometry was moderate for CD3, low for CD4, and moderate to high for CD8, with some laboratories scoring closer to the flow cytometry results. Agreement in manual quantification across the 7 laboratories was low to moderate for CD3, CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 frequencies, moderate for CD21, low for MIB1 and CD68, and high for CD10. Manual scoring of the architectural distribution resulted in moderate agreement for CD3, CD4 and CD8, and low agreement for FOXP3 and CD68. Comparing manual scoring to automated microscopy demonstrated that manual scoring increased the variability in the low and high frequency interval with some laboratories showing a better agreement with automated scores. Manual scoring reliably identified rare architectural patterns of T-cell infiltrates. Automated microscopy analyses for T-cell markers by two different instruments were highly reproducible and provided acceptable agreement with flow cytometry. These validation results provide explanations for the heterogeneous findings on the prognostic value of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma. We recommend a more objective measurement, such as computer-assisted scoring, in future studies of the prognostic impact of microenvironment in follicular lymphoma patients.
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Amé-Thomas P, Tarte K. The yin and the yang of follicular lymphoma cell niches: role of microenvironment heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 24:23-32. [PMID: 23978491 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) results from the malignant transformation of germinal center B cells and is characterized by recurrent genetic alterations providing a direct growth advantage or facilitating interaction with tumor microenvironment. In agreement, accumulating evidences suggest a dynamic bidirectional crosstalk between FL B cells and surrounding non-malignant cells within specialized tumor niches in both invaded lymph nodes and bone marrow. Infiltrating stromal cells, macrophages, and T/NK cell subsets either contribute to anti-tumor immune response, or conversely form a tumor supportive network promoting FL B cell survival, growth, and drug resistance. This review depicts the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity of the most important FL cell partners and describes their complex interplay. We also unravel how malignant B cells recruit and subvert accessory immune and stromal cells to trigger their polarization toward a supportive phenotype. Based on these observations, innovative therapeutic approaches have been recently proposed, in order to benefit from local anti-tumor immunity and/or to selectively target the protective cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Amé-Thomas
- INSERM, UMR U917, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service ITeCH, Pôle de Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM, UMR U917, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service ITeCH, Pôle de Biologie, Rennes, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.
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Li D, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zheng X, Zhao C, Yan Y, Lin Y, Liao L, Wang X. Autocrine TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation is a determinant for evasion of CD40-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:467-72. [PMID: 23751348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of CD40 by CD40L results in diverse effects on different malignant cells, causing either promotion of survival, growth and resistance to chemotherapy, or induction of cytostasis and apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying CD40-mediated growth regulation and apoptosis induction in cancer cell are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of NF-κB activation in CD40-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The results show that activation of CD40 by recombinant soluble CD40 ligand (rsCD40L) readily induced NF-κB activation and blocking NF-κB significantly enhanced rsCD40L-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Importantly, autocrine of TNF-α induced by rsCD40L was indispensable for both NF-κB activation and cytotoxicity induction, establishing a dual role of autocrine TNF-α that constitutes both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic arms of CD40 signaling. Our results indicate that autocrine TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation is a determinant for cancer cells' evasion of CD40L-induced cytotoxicity and blocking NF-κB may have potential for improve the value of CD40 as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxia Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Rau SJ, Hildt E, Himmelsbach K, Thimme R, Wakita T, Blum HE, Fischer R. CD40 inhibits replication of hepatitis C virus in primary human hepatocytes by c-Jun N terminal kinase activation independent from the interferon pathway. Hepatology 2013; 57:23-36. [PMID: 22814930 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and its ligand, CD40L (CD154), are important regulators of the antiviral immune response. CD40L is up-regulated on lymphocytes and CD40 on hepatocytes during infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV); we investigated the role of CD40 signaling during HCV replication in hepatocytes. Viral replication was studied in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and Huh7.5 cells using the infectious HCV Japanese fulminate hepatitis 1 isolate (JFH1) culture system, and in coculture with HCV antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. CD40L rapidly and transiently inhibits expression of the HCV nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5A as well as HCV structural proteins core and E2 in Huh7.5 cells. Similarly, CD40L prevented replication of HCV in PHH, in synergy with interferon (IFN)-alpha. In Huh7.5 cells with replicating HCV, CD40L prevented production of infectious viral particles. When HCV antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were cocultured with HLA-A2-expressing Huh7 cells that had replicating virus, the T cells became activated, up-regulated CD40L, and inhibited HCV replication. Inhibition of CD40L partially prevented the antiviral activity of the CD8+ T cells. The antiviral effect of CD40L required activation of c-Jun N terminal kinases (JNK)1/2, but not induction of apoptosis or the JAK/STAT pathway that is necessary for the antiviral effects of IFNs. CONCLUSION CD40 inhibits HCV replication by a novel, innate immune mechanism. This pathway might mediate viral clearance, and disruptions might be involved in the pathogenesis of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle J Rau
- Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Wood B, Sikdar S, Choi SJ, Virk S, Alhejaily A, Baetz T, LeBrun DP. Abundant expression of interleukin-21 receptor in follicular lymphoma cells is associated with more aggressive disease. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:1212-20. [PMID: 23098230 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.742522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant interleukin-21 (IL-21) has potential utility in cancer therapy. Stimulation with IL-21 can induce apoptosis in follicular lymphoma (FL) cells, and existing studies have suggested that IL-21 signaling may function in tumor suppression. In order to elucidate the relationship between IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) expression and clinical and pathological features in FL, IL-21R was quantified in 114 pretreatment biopsy samples using either conventional immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence microscopy and automated quantitative analysis (AQUA). Reduced expression of IL-21R was associated with favorable overall survival (p = 0.048). AQUA analysis showed an association with the presence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the biopsy sample (p = 0.03), and expression of IL-21R was up-regulated upon transformation of FL to DLBCL in two cases. Our results based on the largest survey to date raise the possibility that IL-21 signaling in FL cells, rather than being tumor suppressive, supports tumor progression and that therapeutic benefit could be realized by blocking IL-21R instead of stimulating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Wood
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Baldwin AS. Regulation of cell death and autophagy by IKK and NF-κB: critical mechanisms in immune function and cancer. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:327-45. [PMID: 22435564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cellular response to survive or to undergo death is fundamental to the benefit of the organism, and errors in this process can lead to autoimmunity and cancer. The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) functions to block cell death through transcriptional induction of genes encoding anti-apoptotic and antioxidant proteins. This is essential for survival of activated cells of the immune system and for cells undergoing a DNA damage response. In Ras-transformed cells and tumors as well as other cancers, NF-κB functions to suppress apoptosis--a hallmark of cancer. Critical prosurvival roles for inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK) family members, including IKKε and TBK1, have been reported, which are both NF-κB-dependent and -independent. While the roles of NF-κB in promoting cell survival in lymphocytes and in cancers is relatively clear, evidence has been presented that NF-κB can promote cell death in particular contexts. Recently, IKK was shown to play a critical role in the induction of autophagy, a metabolic response typically associated with cell survival but which can lead to cell death. This review provides an historical perspective, along with new findings, regarding the roles of the IKK and NF-κB pathways in regulating cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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45
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Molecular features of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma unravels potential novel therapeutic targets. Blood 2012; 119:5795-806. [PMID: 22510872 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-396150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL), a rare entity mostly derived from γδ T cells and usually with a fatal outcome, remains largely unknown. In this study, HSTL samples (7γδ and 2αβ) and the DERL2 HSTL cell line were subjected to combined gene-expression profiling and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Compared with other T-cell lymphomas, HSTL had a distinct molecular signature irrespective of TCR cell lineage. Compared with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified and normal γδ T cells, HSTL overexpressed genes encoding NK-cell-associated molecules, oncogenes (FOS and VAV3), the sphingosine-1-phosphatase receptor 5 involved in cell trafficking, and the tyrosine kinase SYK, whereas the tumor-suppressor gene AIM1 (absent in melanoma 1) was among the most down-expressed. We found highly methylated CpG islands of AIM1 in DERL2 cells, and decitabine treatment induced a significant increase in AIM1 transcripts. Syk was present in HSTL cells and DERL2 cells contained phosphorylated Syk and were sensitive to a Syk inhibitor in vitro. Genomic profiles confirmed recurrent isochromosome 7q (n = 6/9) without alterations at the SYK and AIM1 loci. Our results identify a distinct molecular signature for HSTL and highlight oncogenic pathways that offer rationale for exploring new therapeutic options such as Syk inhibitors and demethylating agents.
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Entourage: the immune microenvironment following follicular lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2012; 2:e52. [PMID: 22829236 PMCID: PMC3270257 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In follicular lymphoma, nonmalignant immune cells are important. Follicular lymphoma depends on CD4+ cells, but CD8+ cells counteract it. We hypothesized that the presence of follicular lymphoma is associated with higher CD4+ than CD8+ cell numbers in the tumor microenvironment but not in the immune system. Using flow cytometry, pre-treatment and follow-up CD4/CD8 ratios were estimated in the bone marrow, blood and lymph nodes of untreated follicular lymphoma patients in two independent data sets (N1=121; N2=166). The ratios were analyzed for their relation with bone marrow lymphoma involvement. Bone marrows were also investigated with immunohistochemistry. In either data set, the bone marrow CD4/CD8 ratios were higher in bone marrows involved with lymphoma (P=0.043 and 0.0002, respectively). The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.0 in uninvolved and 1.4 in involved bone marrows. Also higher in involved bone marrows were CD4/CD56 and CD3CD25/CD3 ratios. No blood or lymph node ratios differed between bone marrow-negative and -positive patients. Sequential samples showed increased bone marrow CD4/CD8 ratios in all cases of progression to bone marrow involvement. Immunohistochemistry showed CD4+, CD57+, programmed death-1+, forkhead box protein 3+ and CD21+ cells accumulated inside the lymphoma infiltrates, whereas CD8+, CD56+ and CD68+ cells were outside the infiltrates. This study provides evidence in vivo that the microenvironment changes upon follicular lymphoma involvement.
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Jacquemin G, Granci V, Gallouet AS, Lalaoui N, Morlé A, Iessi E, Morizot A, Garrido C, Guillaudeux T, Micheau O. Quercetin-mediated Mcl-1 and survivin downregulation restores TRAIL-induced apoptosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma B cells. Haematologica 2011; 97:38-46. [PMID: 21933852 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.046466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas account for approximately 70% of B-cell lymphomas. While its incidence is dramatically increasing worldwide, the disease is still associated with high morbidity due to ineffectiveness of conventional therapies, creating an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Unconventional compounds, including polyphenols and the cytokine TRAIL, are being extensively studied for their capacity to restore apoptosis in a large number of tumors, including lymphomas. DESIGN AND METHODS Molecular mechanisms of TRAIL-resistance and reactivation of the apoptotic machinery by quercetin in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines were determined by Hoescht, flow cytometry, Western blot, qPCR, by use of siRNA or pharmacological inhibitors of the mitochondrial pathway and by immunoprecipitation followed by post-translational modification analysis. RESULTS Results demonstrate that quercetin, a natural flavonoid, restores TRAIL-induced cell death in resistant transformed follicular lymphoma B-cell lines, despite high Bcl-2 expression levels due to the chromosomal translocation t(14;18). Quercetin rescues mitochondrial activation by inducing the proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 and by inhibiting survivin expression at the mRNA level, irrespective of p53. Restoration of the TRAIL pathway requires Bax and Bak but is independent of enhanced TRAIL DISC formation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that inactivation of survivin and Mcl-1 expression by quercetin is sufficient to restore TRAIL sensitivity in resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma B cells. Our results suggest, therefore, that combining quercetin with TRAIL treatments may be useful in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Aldinucci D, Gloghini A, Pinto A, Colombatti A, Carbone A. The role of CD40/CD40L and interferon regulatory factor 4 in Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:195-201. [PMID: 21756027 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.605190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cancer are two independent biological events that can play an interdependent role. The model of such interaction is represented by Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), where the microenvironment is dominated by an extensive mixed, potentially cellular inflammatory infiltrate that plays a decisive role in the pathobiology of HL. In this review we summarize updated information on the complex interactions between Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and their tissue microenvironment, highlighting the functional role of CD40/CD40L and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Aldinucci
- Experimental Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
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Bruno MEC, Frantz AL, Rogier EW, Johansen FE, Kaetzel CS. Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor by the classical and alternative NF-κB pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:468-78. [PMID: 21451502 PMCID: PMC3125104 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transports IgA antibodies across intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Expression of pIgR is upregulated by proinflammatory signaling pathways via activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Here, we examined the contributions of the RelA-dependent classical and RelB-dependent alternative pathways of NF-κB to pIgR regulation in the HT-29 human IEC line following stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand), and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (pIC; TLR3 ligand). Whereas induction of proinflammatory genes such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) required only RelA, pIgR expression was regulated by complex mechanisms that involved both RelA and RelB. Upregulation of pIgR expression by ligation of the lymphotoxin-β receptor suggested a direct role for the alternative NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases reduced the induction of IL-8, but enhanced the induction of pIgR by TNF and TLR signaling. Regulation of pIgR through unique signaling pathways could allow IECs to sustain high levels of IgA transport while limiting the proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E C Bruno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA,()
| | - A L Frantz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - E W Rogier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - F-E Johansen
- Institute of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C S Kaetzel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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