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Rout M, Malone-Perez MW, Park G, Lerner M, Kimble Frazer J, Apple B, Vaughn A, Payton M, Stavrakis S, Sidorov E, Fung KA, Sanghera DK. Contribution of circulating Mfge8 to human T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Gene 2024; 927:148712. [PMID: 38901535 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
MFGE8 is a major exosome (EV) protein known to mediate inflammation and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in animal studies. The pathophysiological role of this protein in obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease is less investigated in humans. Earlier we reported a rare Asian Indian population-specific missense variant (rs371227978; Arg148His) in the MFGE8 gene associated with increased circulating Mfge8 and T2DM. We have further investigated the role of Mfge8 with T2DM risk in additional Asian Indians (n = 4897) and Europeans and other multiethnic cohorts from UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 455,808) and the US (n = 1150). We also evaluated the exposure of Mfge8-enriched human EVs in zebrafish (ZF) for their impact on cardiometabolic organ system. Most individual carriers of Arg148His variant not only had high circulating Mfge8 but also revealed a positive significant correlation with glucose (r = 0.42; p = 4.9 × 10-04), while the non-carriers showed a negative correlation of Mfge8 with glucose (r = -0.38; p = 0.001) in Asian Indians. The same variant was monomorphic in non-South Asian ethnicities. Even without the variant, serum Mfge8 correlated significantly with blood glucose in other non-South Asian ethnicities (r = 0.47; p = 2.2 × 10-13). Since Mfge8 is an EV marker, we tested the exposure of Mfge8-enriched human EVs to ZF larvae as an exploratory study. The ZF larvae showed rapid effects on insulin-sensitive organs, developing fatty liver disease, heart hypertrophy and exhibiting redundant growth with poor muscular architecture with and without the high-fat diet (HFD). In contrast, the control group fishes developed fatty liver disease and heart hypertrophy only after the HFD feeding. Backed with strong support from animal studies on the role of Mfge8 in obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis, the current research suggests that circulating Mfge8 may become a potential marker for predicting the risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Rout
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Megan W Malone-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gilseung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma University of Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J Kimble Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Blair Apple
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - April Vaughn
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Marvin Payton
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma University of Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Evgeny Sidorov
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - KarMing A Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Imaoka T, Tanaka S, Tomita M, Doi K, Sasatani M, Suzuki K, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S, Kai M. Human-mouse comparison of the multistage nature of radiation carcinogenesis in a mathematical model. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1101-1111. [PMID: 38688826 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mouse models are vital for assessing risk from environmental carcinogens, including ionizing radiation, yet the interspecies difference in the dose response precludes direct application of experimental evidence to humans. Herein, we take a mathematical approach to delineate the mechanism underlying the human-mouse difference in radiation-related cancer risk. We used a multistage carcinogenesis model assuming a mutational action of radiation to analyze previous data on cancer mortality in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors and in lifespan mouse experiments. Theoretically, the model predicted that exposure will chronologically shift the age-related increase in cancer risk forward by a period corresponding to the time in which the spontaneous mutational process generates the same mutational burden as that the exposure generates. This model appropriately fitted both human and mouse data and suggested a linear dose response for the time shift. The effect per dose decreased with increasing age at exposure similarly between humans and mice on a per-lifespan basis (0.72- and 0.71-fold, respectively, for every tenth lifetime). The time shift per dose was larger by two orders of magnitude in humans (7.8 and 0.046 years per Gy for humans and mice, respectively, when exposed at ~35% of their lifetime). The difference was mostly explained by the two orders of magnitude difference in spontaneous somatic mutation rates between the species plus the species-independent radiation-induced mutation rate. Thus, the findings delineate the mechanism underlying the interspecies difference in radiation-associated cancer mortality and may lead to the use of experimental evidence for risk prediction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Masanori Tomita
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Department of Health Sciences, Nippon Bunri University, Oita, Japan
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Erdman V, Tuktarova I, Nasibullin T, Timasheva Y, Petintseva A, Korytina G. Polygenic markers of survival and longevity in the antioxidant genes PON1, PON2, MTHFR, MSRA, SOD1, NQO1, and CAT in a 20-year follow-up study in the population from the Volga-Ural region. Gene 2024; 919:148510. [PMID: 38679184 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic background of healthy or pathological styles of aging and human lifespan is determined by joint gene interactions. Lucky combinations of antioxidant gene polymorphisms can result in a highly adaptive phenotype, providing a successful way to interact with external triggers. Our purpose was to identify the polygenic markers of survival and longevity in the antioxidant genes among elderly people with physiological and pathological aging. METHODS In a 20-year follow-up study of 2350 individuals aged 18-114 years residing in the Volga-Ural region of Russia, sex-adjusted association analyses of MTHFR rs1801133, MSRA rs10098474, PON1 rs662, PON2 rs7493, SOD1 rs2070424, NQO1 rs1131341 and CAT rs1001179 polymorphic loci with longevity were carried out. Survival analysis was subsequently performed using the established single genes and gene-gene combinations as cofactors. RESULTS The PON1 rs662*G allele was defined as the main longevity marker in women (OR = 1.44, p = 3E-04 in the log-additive model; HR = 0.77, p = 1.9E-04 in the Cox-survival model). The polymorphisms in the MTHFR, MSRA, PON2, SOD1, and CAT genes had an additive effect on longevity. A strong protective effect of combined MTHFR rs1801133*C, MSRA rs10098474*T, PON1 rs662*G, and PON2 rs7493*C alleles against mortality was obtained in women (HR = 0.81, p = 5E-03). The PON1 rs662*A allele had a meaningful impact on mortality for both long-lived men with cerebrovascular accidents (HR = 1.76, p = 0.027 for the PON1 rs662*AG genotype) and women with cardiovascular diseases (HR = 1.43, p = 0.002 for PON1 rs662*AA genotype). The MTHFR rs1801133*TT (HR = 1.91, p = 0.036), CAT rs1001179*TT (HR = 2.83, p = 0.031) and SOD1 rs2070424*AG (HR = 1.58, p = 0.018) genotypes were associated with the cancer mortality. CONCLUSION In our longitudinal 20-year study, we found the combinations of functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes involved in longevity and survival in certain clinical phenotypes in the advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Erdman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia.
| | - Ilsia Tuktarova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Timur Nasibullin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Yanina Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Anna Petintseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Gulnaz Korytina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
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Bravi CM, Motti JMB, García A. Letter to the editor: A Southern Cone origin rather than Peruvian affinities for ancient Patagonian B2 mitogenomes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24934. [PMID: 38577959 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Bravi
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT La Plata CONICET-CICPBA-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Josefina M B Motti
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. CONICET, CCT- Tandil, 7631 Quequén, Argentina
| | - Angelina García
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Bochynek T, Burd M. Pollination efficiency and the pollen-ovule ratio. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1600-1609. [PMID: 38937955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pollination presents a risky journey for pollen grains. Pollen loss is sometimes thought to favour greater pollen investment to compensate for the inefficiency of transport. Sex allocation theory, to the contrary, has consistently concluded that postdispersal loss should have no selective effect on investment in either sex function. But the intuitively appealing compensation idea continues to be raised despite the lack of theoretical endorsement. We address the theoretical issue with a model that directly represents pollen loss (and ovule loss through floral demise or loss of receptivity) as rate-dependent dynamical processes. These loss rates can be varied to examine the effect of pollination efficiency on optimal sex allocation. Pollen-ovule ratios follow from the sex allocation based on the resource costs of pollen and ovule production. This model confirms conventional findings that pollen loss should have essentially no effect on sexual resource allocation in large, panmictic populations. Pollen limitation of seed set does not alter this conclusion. These results force us to rethink the empirical association of pollination efficiency with low pollen-ovule ratios. This pattern could arise if efficient pollen transport commonly results in stigmatic deposition of cohorts of related pollen. Empirical evidence of correlated paternity supports this explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bochynek
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Martin Burd
- Indiana University Herbarium, East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
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Ygnatios NTM, Mambrini JVDM, Torres JL, Detomi LMD, Braga LDS, Lima-Costa MF, Moreira BDS. Age at natural menopause and its associated characteristics among Brazilian women: cross-sectional results from ELSI-Brazil. Menopause 2024; 31:693-701. [PMID: 38954496 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the median age at natural menopause and analyze lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary characteristics associated with the age at natural menopause among Brazilian women. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 2,731 women 50 years and over, drawn from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2015/16). Nonparametric Kaplan-Meier cumulative survivorship estimates were used to assess the median timing of natural menopause. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate the associations between age at natural menopause and exposure variables. RESULTS The overall median age at natural menopause was 50 years. In the adjusted Cox model, current smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23) and underweight (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) were associated with earlier natural menopause. Conversely, performing recommended levels of physical activity in the last week (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97), being overweight (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-0.99), and adhering to two or three healthy eating markers (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.94, respectively) were associated with later age at natural menopause. Binge drinking and waist circumference were not associated with age at natural menopause. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary characteristics are significant factors that affect the age at natural menopause. Our findings can contribute to public policies targeted at Brazilian women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno de Souza Moreira
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging (NESPE) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) and the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kazan HH, Kasakolu A, Koncagul S, Ergun MA, John G, Sultanov RI, Zhelankin AV, Semenova EA, Yusupov RA, Kulemin NA, Larin AK, Generozov EV, Bulgay C, Ahmetov II. Association analysis of indel variants and gene expression identifies MDM4 as a novel locus for skeletal muscle hypertrophy and power athlete status. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39041487 DOI: 10.1113/ep091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Insertions and deletions (indels) are the second most common type of variation in the human genome. However, limited data on their associations with exercise-related phenotypes have been documented. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between 18,370 indel variants and power athlete status, followed by additional studies in 357,246 individuals. In the discovery phase, the D allele of the MDM4 gene rs35493922 I/D polymorphism was over-represented in power athletes compared with control subjects (P = 7.8 × 10-9) and endurance athletes (P = 0.0012). These findings were replicated in independent cohorts, showing a higher D allele frequency in power athletes compared with control subjects (P = 0.016) and endurance athletes (P = 0.031). Furthermore, the D allele was positively associated (P = 0.0013) with greater fat-free mass in the UK Biobank. MDM4 encodes a protein that inhibits the activity of p53, which induces muscle fibre atrophy. Accordingly, we found that MDM4 expression was significantly higher in the vastus lateralis of power athletes compared with endurance athletes (P = 0.0009) and was positively correlated with the percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibres (P = 0.0062) and the relative area occupied by fast-twitch muscle fibres (P = 0.0086). The association between MDM4 gene expression and an increased proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibres was confirmed in two additional cohorts. Finally, we found that the MDM4 DD genotype was associated with increased MDM4 gene expression in vastus lateralis and greater cross-sectional area of fast-twitch muscle fibres. In conclusion, MDM4 is suggested to be a potential regulator of muscle fibre specification and size, with its indel variant being associated with power athlete status. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? Which indel variants are functional and associated with sport- and exercise-related traits? What is the main finding and its importance? Out of 18,370 tested indels, the MDM4 gene rs35493922 I/D polymorphism was found to be the functional variant (affecting gene expression) and the most significant, with the deletion allele showing associations with power athlete status, fat-free mass and cross-sectional area of fast-twitch muscle fibres. Furthermore, the expression of MDM4 was positively correlated with the percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibres and the relative area occupied by fast-twitch muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan H Kazan
- Department of Medical Biology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Anıl Kasakolu
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Seyrani Koncagul
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet A Ergun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - George John
- Transform Specialist Medical Centre, Dubai, UAE
| | - Rinat I Sultanov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zhelankin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - Rinat A Yusupov
- Department of Physical Culture and Sport, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kulemin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey K Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Celal Bulgay
- Sports Science Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Türkiye
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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de Oliveira Bonfim FF, Villar LM, Croda J, Pereira JG, Guimarães ACS, da Silva SR, Maymone Gonçalves CC, Leonardo LFT, de Rezende Romeira GR, Cesar GA, Weis-Torres S, de Oliveira Landgraf de Castro V, Horta MA, Simionatto S, Motta-Castro ARC, de Paula VS. High silent prevalence of human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) infection affecting the indigenous reservation of the municipality of Dourados, Central-West Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:700. [PMID: 39020287 PMCID: PMC11253429 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indigenous population located in the central region of Brazil, is the second largest in terms of population size in the country. The Indigenous Reserve of Dourados has risk factors that increase the vulnerability of the indigenous population to infectious diseases, especially Human alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1), a neglected disease with high prevalence in priority populations in developing countries. The virus can also cause many more severe diseases, including widespread neonatal infections, herpetic keratitis, and herpes encephalitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. We estimated the prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). METHODS Our approach was cross-sectional. From March 2017 to November 2018. Using anti-HSV-1 (Gg1) IgM and anti-HSV-1 (gG1) IgG Euroimmun and the detection and quantification of HSV-1 viral load in plasma samples, through real-time PCR. The maps were constructed using QGIS and the statistical analyses using R Studio software. RESULTS A total of 1138 individuals (> 18 years old) were enrolled. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 IgM and IgG were 20% and 97.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies for IgG was higher in both sexes. Anti-HSV-1 IgM antibodies were present in 17.1%, 21.2%, 12.5%, and 22% of the participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. Real-time PCR was used for confirmatory testing; HSV-1 DNA was detected in 25.6% (54/211) of anti-HSV1 IgM-positive samples. Viral loads ranged from 5.99E + 02 to 3.36E + 13. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgM and detection of HSV-1 DNA in the Indigenous population confirmed high silent prevalence. Furthermore, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the Indigenous population was higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Various socioeconomic factors, drug use, and health and sexual behaviors could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-1 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding the prevention, treatment, and control of HSV-1 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
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Grants
- 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil
- 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil
- 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil
- 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil
- 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , Brasil
- 440245/2018-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- 440245/2018-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- 440245/2018-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- 440245/2018-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- 440245/2018-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- 440245/2018-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- 041/2017 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Brasil
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Secretaria do Estado de Saúde of Mato Grosso do Sul
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040360, Brazil
| | - Julio Croda
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gonçalves Pereira
- Molecular Virology and Parasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79031350, Brazil
| | | | - Grazielli Rocha de Rezende Romeira
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Grosso do Sul, 79070900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves Cesar
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Grosso do Sul, 79070900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Weis-Torres
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Grosso do Sul, 79070900, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Horta
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Biosafety Level 3 Facility (BSL-3), Rio de Janeiro, 21040360, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Blood Center Sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Grosso do Sul, 79070900, Brazil
- State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79031350, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Molecular Virology and Parasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040360, Brazil.
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9
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Wang Q, Francis G. Coming to the Caribbean: Eighty-five years of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Cayo Santiago-A rare nonhuman primate model for the studies of adaptation, diseases, genetics, natural disasters, and resilience. Am J Primatol 2024:e23659. [PMID: 38961812 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque colony represents one of the most important nonhuman primate resources since their introduction to the Caribbean area in 1938. The 85 years of continuing existence along with the comprehensive database of the rhesus colony and the derived skeletal collections have provided and will continue to provide a powerful tool to test hypotheses about adaptive and evolutionary mechanisms in both biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - George Francis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
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10
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Messaoudi M, Pakstis AJ, Ezzaher T, Boussetta S, Ben Ammar Elgaaied A, Kidd KK, Cherni L. Genetic diversity of North African populations in the 17q21 genomic region. Mamm Genome 2024:10.1007/s00335-024-10051-6. [PMID: 38965090 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The demographic history of human populations in North Africa has been characterized by complex migration processes that have determined the current genetic structure of these populations. We examined the autosomal markers of eight sampled populations in northern Africa (Tunisia and Libya) to explore their genetic structure and to place them in a global context. We genotyped a set of 30 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extending 9.5 Mb and encompassing the 17q21 inversion region. Our data include 403 individuals from Tunisia and Libya. To put our populations in the global context, we analyzed our data in comparison with other populations, including those of the 1000 Genomes Project. To evaluate the data, we conducted genetic diversity, principal component, STRUCTURE, and haplotype analyses. The analysis of genetic composition revealed the genetic heterogeneity of North African populations. The principal component and STRUCTURE analyses converged and revealed the intermediate position of North Africans between Europeans and Asians. Haplotypic analysis demonstrated that the normal (H1) and inverted (H2) polymorphisms in the chromosome 17q21 region occur in North Africa at frequencies similar to those found in European and Southwest Asian populations. The results highlight the complex demographic history of North Africa, reflecting the influence of genetic flow from Europe and the Near East that dates to the prehistoric period. These gene flows added to demographic factors (inbreeding, endogamy), natural factors (topography, Sahara), and cultural factors that play a role in the emergence of the diverse and heterogeneous genetic structures of North African populations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex structure of North African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Andrew J Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Takwa Ezzaher
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Boussetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lotfi Cherni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir University, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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11
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Yu M, Liu L, Gibson J(T, Campbell D, Liu Q, Scoppa S, Feuer EJ, Pinheiro PS. Assessing racial, ethnic, and nativity disparities in US cancer mortality using a new integrated platform. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:1145-1157. [PMID: 38426333 PMCID: PMC11223878 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foreign-born populations in the United States have markedly increased, yet cancer trends remain unexplored. Survey-based Population-Adjusted Rate Calculator (SPARC) is a new tool for evaluating nativity differences in cancer mortality. METHODS Using SPARC, we calculated 3-year (2016-2018) age-adjusted mortality rates and rate ratios for common cancers by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, and nativity. Trends by nativity were examined for the first time for 2006-2018. Traditional cancer statistics draw populations from decennial censuses. However, nativity-stratified populations are from the American Community Surveys, thus involve sampling errors. To rectify this, SPARC employed bias-corrected estimators. Death counts came from the National Vital Statistics System. RESULTS Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher among US-born populations across nearly all cancer types, with the largest US-born, foreign-born difference observed in lung cancer among Black women (rate ratio = 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.37 to 4.00). The well-documented White-Black differences in breast cancer mortality existed mainly among US-born women. For all cancers combined, descending trends were more accelerated for US-born compared with foreign-born individuals in all race and ethnicity groups with changes ranging from -2.6% per year in US-born Black men to stable (statistically nonsignificant) among foreign-born Black women. Pancreas and liver cancers were exceptions with increasing, stable, or decreasing trends depending on nativity and race and ethnicity. Notably, foreign-born Black men and foreign-born Hispanic men did not show a favorable decline in colorectal cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Although all groups show beneficial cancer mortality trends, those with higher rates in 2006 have experienced sharper declines. Persistent disparities between US-born and foreign-born individuals, especially among Black people, necessitate further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi Yu
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lihua Liu
- Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dave Campbell
- Information Management Services, Inc, Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Qinran Liu
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steve Scoppa
- Information Management Services, Inc, Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Eric J Feuer
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Spurgin LG, Bosse M, Adriaensen F, Albayrak T, Barboutis C, Belda E, Bushuev A, Cecere JG, Charmantier A, Cichon M, Dingemanse NJ, Doligez B, Eeva T, Erikstad KE, Fedorov V, Griggio M, Heylen D, Hille S, Hinde CA, Ivankina E, Kempenaers B, Kerimov A, Krist M, Kvist L, Laine VN, Mänd R, Matthysen E, Nager R, Nikolov BP, Norte AC, Orell M, Ouyang J, Petrova-Dinkova G, Richner H, Rubolini D, Slagsvold T, Tilgar V, Török J, Tschirren B, Vágási CI, Yuta T, Groenen MAM, Visser ME, van Oers K, Sheldon BC, Slate J. The great tit HapMap project: A continental-scale analysis of genomic variation in a songbird. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13969. [PMID: 38747336 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A major aim of evolutionary biology is to understand why patterns of genomic diversity vary within taxa and space. Large-scale genomic studies of widespread species are useful for studying how environment and demography shape patterns of genomic divergence. Here, we describe one of the most geographically comprehensive surveys of genomic variation in a wild vertebrate to date; the great tit (Parus major) HapMap project. We screened ca 500,000 SNP markers across 647 individuals from 29 populations, spanning ~30 degrees of latitude and 40 degrees of longitude - almost the entire geographical range of the European subspecies. Genome-wide variation was consistent with a recent colonisation across Europe from a South-East European refugium, with bottlenecks and reduced genetic diversity in island populations. Differentiation across the genome was highly heterogeneous, with clear 'islands of differentiation', even among populations with very low levels of genome-wide differentiation. Low local recombination rates were a strong predictor of high local genomic differentiation (FST), especially in island and peripheral mainland populations, suggesting that the interplay between genetic drift and recombination causes highly heterogeneous differentiation landscapes. We also detected genomic outlier regions that were confined to one or more peripheral great tit populations, probably as a result of recent directional selection at the species' range edges. Haplotype-based measures of selection were related to recombination rate, albeit less strongly, and highlighted population-specific sweeps that likely resulted from positive selection. Our study highlights how comprehensive screens of genomic variation in wild organisms can provide unique insights into spatio-temporal evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirte Bosse
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Science, Animal Ecology Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Adriaensen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tamer Albayrak
- Department of Biology, Science and art Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Yerleskesi, Burdur, Turkey
- Biology Education, Buca Faculty of Education, Mathematics and Science Education, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Eduardo Belda
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Andrey Bushuev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jacopo G Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Mariusz Cichon
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology, LMU München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Blandine Doligez
- UMR CNRS 5558-LBBE, Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kjell Einar Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Matteo Griggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dieter Heylen
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sabine Hille
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Camilla A Hinde
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Elena Ivankina
- Faculty of Biology, Zvenigorod Biological Station, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Ornithology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Anvar Kerimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milos Krist
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Kvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veronika N Laine
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raivo Mänd
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ruedi Nager
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Boris P Nikolov
- Bulgarian Ornithological Centre, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ana Claudia Norte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Markku Orell
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Gergana Petrova-Dinkova
- Bulgarian Ornithological Centre, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Heinz Richner
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tore Slagsvold
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vallo Tilgar
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Tschirren
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Csongor I Vágási
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teru Yuta
- Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko, Japan
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben C Sheldon
- Department of Biology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon Slate
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Wang X, Zhang C, Zhao G, Yang K, Tao L. Obesity and lipid metabolism in the development of osteoporosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:61. [PMID: 38818830 PMCID: PMC11188977 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease that causes a heavy social burden and seriously threatens life. Improving osteogenic capacity is necessary to correct bone mass loss in the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoblasts are derived from the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, a process that opposes adipogenic differentiation. The peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways mediate the mutual regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Lipid substances play an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. The content and proportion of lipids modulate the activity of immunocytes, mainly macrophages, and the secretion of inflammatory factors, such as IL‑1, IL‑6 and TNF‑α. These inflammatory effectors increase the activity and promote the differentiation of osteoclasts, which leads to bone imbalance and stronger bone resorption. Obesity also decreases the activity of antioxidases and leads to oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. The present review starts by examining the bidirectional differentiation of BM‑MSCs, describes in detail the mechanism by which lipids affect bone metabolism, and discusses the regulatory role of inflammation and oxidative stress in this process. The review concludes that a reasonable adjustment of the content and proportion of lipids, and the alleviation of inflammatory storms and oxidative damage induced by lipid imbalances, will improve bone mass and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110165, P.R. China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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14
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Mavillard F, Perez-Florido J, Ortuño FM, Valladares A, Álvarez-Villegas ML, Roldán G, Carmona R, Soriano M, Susarte S, Fuentes P, López-López D, Nuñez-Negrillo AM, Carvajal A, Morgado Y, Arteaga D, Ufano R, Mir P, Gamella JF, Dopazo J, Paradas C, Cabrera-Serrano M. The Iberian Roma Population Variant Server (IRPVS). J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:769-773. [PMID: 38548101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mavillard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Perez-Florido
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de medicina computacional de sistemas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Nodo de Genómica Funcional, (INB-ELIXIR-es), Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Ortuño
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería de Computadores, Automática y Robótica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador Valladares
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Gema Roldán
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Soriano
- Centro de Servicios Sociales, Negociado de Servicios Especializados, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Santiago Susarte
- Centro de Servicios Sociales, Negociado de Servicios Especializados, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Fuentes
- Centro de Servicios Sociales, Negociado de Servicios Especializados, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de medicina computacional de sistemas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Nodo de Genómica Funcional, (INB-ELIXIR-es), Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana María Nuñez-Negrillo
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandra Carvajal
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Morgado
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Ufano
- Centro de Salud Polígono Sur, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan F Gamella
- Departamento de Antropología Social, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de medicina computacional de sistemas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Nodo de Genómica Funcional, (INB-ELIXIR-es), Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Hamanová Čechová M, Cvrček J, Dupej J, Brůžek J, Velemínská J. The influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and sex classification based on external morphology of the frontal bone. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1727-1740. [PMID: 38400922 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The most significant sexual differences in the human skull are located in the upper third of the face (the frontal bone), which is a useful research object, mainly in combination with virtual anthropology methods. However, the influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and frontal bone variability remains unknown. This study was directed at sexual difference description and sex classification using the form and shape of the external surface of the frontal bones from a genealogically documented Central European osteological sample (nineteenth to twentieth centuries). The study sample consisted of 47 cranial CT images of the adult members of several branches of one family group over 4 generations. Three-dimensional virtual models of the frontal bones were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multidimensional statistics. Almost the entire external frontal surface was significantly different between males and females, especially in form. Significant differences were also found between this related sample and an unrelated one. Sex estimation of the biologically related individuals was performed using the classification models developed on a sample of unrelated individuals from the recent Czech population (Čechová et al. in Int J Legal Med 133: 1285 1294, 2019), with a result of 74.46% and 63.83% in form and shape, respectively. Failure of this classifier was caused by the existence of typical traits found in the biologically related sample different from the usual manifestation of sexual dimorphism. This can be explained as due to the increased degree of similarity and the reduction of variability in biologically related individuals. The results show the importance of testing previously published methods on genealogical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Hamanová Čechová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Cvrček
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1710, Prague 20, Horní Počernice, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Martinez-Fierro ML, Perez-Favila A, Zorrilla-Alfaro SM, Oropeza-de Lara SA, Garza-Veloz I, Hernandez-Marquez LDS, Gutierrez-Vela EF, Delgado-Enciso I, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP. Gene variants rs5182, rs2074192, and rs4343 in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are associated with symptom severity, higher odds of hospitalization, and death in COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 144:107067. [PMID: 38697603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the gene variants of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and determine their association with the severity and outcome of COVID-19. METHODS A total of 104 patients were included in the study: 34 asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 as controls and 70 symptomatic patients as cases. The genetic variants ACE rs4343, ACE2 rs2074192, AGTR1 rs5182, and AGT rs4762 were identified using TaqMan genotyping tests. RESULTS Patients with the T/T genotype of AGTR1 rs5182 have a higher probability of developing symptomatic COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 12.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-111.9, P ≤0.001) and a higher risk of hospitalization because of disease (OR 14.00, 95% CI 1.53-128.49, P = 0.012). The haplotype CTG (AGTR1 rs5182, ACE2 rs2074192, ACE rs4343) decreased the odds of death related to COVID-19 in the study population (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.0-0.06, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The T/T genotype of the AGTR1 rs5182 variant increased the probability of symptomatic COVID-19 and hospitalization, whereas the haplotype CTG (consisting of AGTR1 rs5182, ACE2 rs2074192, and ACE rs4343) decreased the odds of death related to COVID-19 by 97% in the hospitalized patients with COVID-19. These results support the participation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene variants as modifiers of the severity of symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Aurelio Perez-Favila
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Sidere M Zorrilla-Alfaro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Oropeza-de Lara
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Lucia Del S Hernandez-Marquez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y C.S, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Edgar F Gutierrez-Vela
- Hospital General Zacatecas "Luz González Cosío", Servicios de Salud de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Lye R, Obertová Z, Bachtiar NA, Franklin D. Validating the use of clinical MSCT scans for cranial nonmetric sex estimation in a contemporary Indonesian population. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1559-1571. [PMID: 38300302 PMCID: PMC11164787 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
There is renewed interest in Asia for the development of forensic anthropological standards, partly due to the need for population-specific models to maintain high classification accuracies. At present, there are no known studies utilising morphoscopic standards specific to the Indonesian population. Craniometric analyses can often be time-consuming; morphoscopic assessments are quicker and are also known to be reliable and accurate. One of the most utilised morphoscopic standards for the estimation of skeletal sex is that of Walker (2008). Its application across population groups demonstrated reduced accuracies outside of the United States; population-specific predictive models would thus serve to improve the identification process of unknown skeletal remains. Digital imaging also allows for the validation of standards on a contemporary population and is an appropriate proxy to physical skeletal material.The present study quantifies the applicability of the Walker standard to a contemporary Indonesian population. A total of 200 cranial MSCT scans from a hospital in Makassar were analysed using OsiriX®. Scoring was performed in accordance with the Walker standard. Five univariate and nine multivariate predictive models were derived using single trait and multi-trait combinations. The best performing univariate model included the glabella, with a total classification accuracy of 82.0% and a sex bias of 14.6%. Classification accuracy with all traits considered was at 95.2% for females and 82.8% for males with a sex bias of 12.5%. These results provide forensic practitioners in Indonesia with an appropriate morphoscopic sex estimation standard, strengthening their capabilities in the field and improving judicial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhwan Lye
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, M420, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Zuzana Obertová
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, M420, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nur Amelia Bachtiar
- Radiology Department, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Talamanrea, Makassar, 90254, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, M420, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Koch SL, Zaidi A, González T, Shriver MD, Jablonski NG. The Trotter collection: A review of Mildred Trotter's hair research and an update for studies of human variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24930. [PMID: 38581359 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mildred Trotter was an anatomist and physical anthropologist whose studies on hair morphology, growth, somatic distribution, and trait relationships to age and ethnogeographic population were foundational to the field of microscopical hair analysis. The collection of human hair samples she assembled for her research has been an underutilized resource for studies on human hair variation. We applied updated methods and reviewed Trotter's original data to reassess the relationship hair traits have to diverse population labels. METHODS Hair form and pigmentation patterns were measured from a subset of the hair samples accumulated by Trotter and we compared our data to Trotter's original results. Variability in hair traits were tested within individuals, within populations, and among ethnogeographic groups. RESULTS Measured hair cross-section dimensions and melanosome density and distribution revealed substantial variability within individuals and ethnogeographic populations. Hair traits were found to not be distinctly separable by ancestry but instead showed continuous variation across human populations. Trotter's measurements were precise and the dataset she compiled remains valid, though the conclusions should be reviewed in light of our current understanding of human variation. DISCUSSION Our findings support moving away from categorical ancestry classifications and eliminating the use of outdated racial typologies in favor of more descriptive trait analysis. Detailed analysis of trait pattern distributions are presented that may be useful for future research on human variation. We point to the need for additional research on human variation and hair trait relationships with reference to known population affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Koch
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arslan Zaidi
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Genetics, Cell, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tomás González
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias, Sociales y Artes, Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, USA
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, USA
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nina G Jablonski
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Magalhães Borges V, Horimoto ARVR, Wijsman EM, Kimura L, Nunes K, Nato AQ, Mingroni-Netto RC. Genomic Exploration of Essential Hypertension in African-Brazilian Quilombo Populations: A Comprehensive Approach with Pedigree Analysis and Family-Based Association Studies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.26.24309531. [PMID: 38978678 PMCID: PMC11230341 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.24309531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Essential Hypertension (EH) is a major global health concern, causing about 9.4 million deaths annually. Its prevalence varies across different regions, affecting 17% of the population in the Americas, 19.2% in the Western Pacific, 23.2% in Europe, 25.1% in Southeast Asia, 26.3% in the Eastern Mediterranean, and 27.2% in Africa. EH is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While genetic factors contribute 30-60% to blood pressure variation, the genetic complexity of EH remains largely unexplained due to limited knowledge of candidate genes and population-specific differences. Various methods, including candidate gene studies, genome-wide linkage analysis (GWLA), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have been employed to identify genetic factors, yet much of the heritability of EH is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of EH by mapping regions of interest (ROIs) and identifying candidate genes and variants influencing EH in African-derived individuals from partially isolated populations of quilombo remnants in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. Samples from 431 individuals (167 affected, 261 unaffected, 3 with unknown phenotype) from eight quilombo remnant populations were genotyped using a 650k SNP array. The global ancestry proportions were estimated at 47% African, 36% European, and 16% Native American. Genealogical information from 673 individuals was used to construct six pedigrees comprising 1104 individuals. The mapping strategy consisted of a multi-level computational approach. We constructed pedigrees based on interviews and kinship coefficient, pruned the dataset to obtain three non-overlapping markers subpanels, phased the haplotype and performed local ancestry to account for admixture. We performed GWLA and dense linkage analyses using markers subpanels and performed fine-mapping using family-based association studies (FBAS) based on population and pedigree imputed data, investigating EH-related genes and variants. The linkage analysis identified 22 ROIs with LOD scores 1.45-3.03, containing markers co-segregating with the phenotype. These ROIs encompassed 2363 genes. Fine-mapping identified 60 EH-related candidate genes and 118 suggestive or significant variants (FBAS). Among these, 14 genes, including PHGDH, S100A10, MFN2, and RYR2, were highlighted with strong evidence of association with hypertension. These genes, harboring 29 SNPs, were implicated in regulating blood pressure, sodium and potassium levels, and the aldosterone pathway. This study revealed, through a complementary approach - combining admixture-adjusted genome-wide linkage analysis based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, association studies on imputed data, and in silico investigations - genetic regions, variants and candidate genes that shed light on the genetic basis of essential hypertension, with significant potential to explain the genetic etiology in quilombo remnant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Magalhães Borges
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Andrea R V R Horimoto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105 USA
| | - Ellen Marie Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105 USA
| | - Lilian Kimura
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Q Nato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Regina Célia Mingroni-Netto
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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20
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Welsh H, Brickley MB. Investigating femoral growth disruption in subadults from the 10th-13th century St. Étienne cemetery of Toulouse, France. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24984. [PMID: 38899835 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The skeleton embodies an individual's environment and lived experiences. Studying childhood growth disruption can, therefore, aid in understanding the experiences of children in the past. This study evaluates growth disruption in a medieval Toulousian subadult sample to explore factors that may have influenced childhood growth and mortality at this site and to assess the utility of Harris line (HL) interpretations in bioarchaeology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Femoral growth disruption was assessed in n = 71 subadults (0.125-12.42 years) from the 10th-13th century St. Étienne cemetery of Toulouse, France, using femoral length, total area, cortical area, and relative cortical area. Femoral radiographs were assessed for HLs. To determine the prevalence of growth disruption, z-scores were calculated using data from the Denver growth study. RESULTS The majority of subadults in this sample suffered from femoral growth disruption. Young children (1.0-3.99 years) were the most affected, with >65% experiencing reduced appositional growth and linear growth stunting at time-of-death. Additionally, while many individuals presented with observable HLs, linear and appositional growth did not significantly differ between individuals with and without HLs. DISCUSSION Maternal malnutrition and inadequate complementary feeding practices likely contributed to the high prevalence of growth disruption among the youngest individuals in the study. The older children and adolescents buried at St. Étienne experienced an amelioration in growth deficits, indicating an improvement in nutrition and/or disease load. The results of this study suggest that more consideration is required when interpreting the presence/absence of HLs, and that studies assessing HLs may benefit from using a more individualistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Welsh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Brickley
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Su H, Wang M, Li X, Duan S, Sun Q, Sun Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Huang Y, Zhong J, Chen J, Jiang X, Ma J, Yang T, Liu Y, Luo L, Liu Y, Yang J, Chen G, Liu C, Cai Y, He G. Population genetic admixture and evolutionary history in the Shandong Peninsula inferred from integrative modern and ancient genomic resources. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:611. [PMID: 38890579 PMCID: PMC11184692 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ancient northern East Asians (ANEA) from the Yellow River region, who pioneered millet cultivation, play a crucial role in understanding the origins of ethnolinguistically diverse populations in modern China and the entire landscape of deep genetic structure and variation discovery in modern East Asians. However, the direct links between ANEA and geographically proximate modern populations, as well as the biological adaptive processes involved, remain poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we generated genome-wide SNP data for 264 individuals from geographically different Han populations in Shandong. An integrated genomic resource encompassing both modern and ancient East Asians was compiled to examine fine-scale population admixture scenarios and adaptive traits. The reconstruction of demographic history and hierarchical clustering patterns revealed that individuals from the Shandong Peninsula share a close genetic affinity with ANEA, indicating long-term genetic continuity and mobility in the lower Yellow River basin since the early Neolithic period. Biological adaptive signatures, including those related to immune and metabolic pathways, were identified through analyses of haplotype homozygosity and allele frequency spectra. These signatures are linked to complex traits such as height and body mass index, which may be associated with adaptations to cold environments, dietary practices, and pathogen exposure. Additionally, allele frequency trajectories over time and a haplotype network of two highly differentiated genes, ABCC11 and SLC10A1, were delineated. These genes, which are associated with axillary odor and bilirubin metabolism, respectively, illustrate how local adaptations can influence the diversification of traits in East Asians. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a comprehensive genomic dataset that elucidates the fine-scale genetic history and evolutionary trajectory of natural selection signals and disease susceptibility in Han Chinese populations. This study serves as a paradigm for integrating spatiotemporally diverse ancient genomes in the era of population genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Su
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shuhan Duan
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuxia Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Yuntao Sun
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingxin Yang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuguo Huang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, 030001, China
| | - Xiucheng Jiang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyue Ma
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Lintao Luo
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbao Yang
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410075, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
| | - Yan Cai
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China.
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Salah S, Sadeq YI, Mosaad YM, Elmenshawi IEH, Tawhid ZME. Association of interleukin-17F (rs763780) single nucleotide polymorphism with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13643. [PMID: 38871733 PMCID: PMC11176185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-17F single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can affect IL-17F expression and activity and this can lead to the increased susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. The aim was to investigate the association of IL-17F (rs763780) SNP with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a cohort of Egyptian patients and to evaluate the effect of this polymorphism on the disease course. IL-17F (rs763780) gene polymorphisms was typed by TaqMan genotyping assay for 231 Egyptians divided into 102 MS patients and 129 healthy controls with matched age and sex. The IL-17F rs763780 C containing genotypes (CT+CC) and C allele have statistically significant increased frequency in MS patients when compared with controls (p = 0.005 and 0.004 respectively) especially in females' patients (p = 0.005 and 0.006 respectively). The heterozygous CT genotype was associated with the presence of optic neuritis (p = 0.038). The multivariable regression analysis revealed significant associations between smoking, the higher frequency of attacks and the prediction of higher EDSS score (p = 0.032, 0.049 respectively). It can be concluded that the IL-17F rs763780 C containing genotypes (CT and CC) and C allele may be risk factors for the development of MS in the studied Egyptian cohort by a gender-dependent mechanism that contributes to tendency for predisposition in females and optic neuritis is more common in patients carrying the CT heterozygous genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Salah
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yousra I Sadeq
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youssef M Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department and Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cells (MARC_CSC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35111, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim E H Elmenshawi
- Neurology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ziyad M E Tawhid
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Lye R, Obertová Z, Bachtiar NA, Franklin D. Nonmetric sex estimation in a contemporary Indonesian population: a validation study using clinical pelvic MSCT scans. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03266-4. [PMID: 38862819 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Klales et al. (2012) is a popular standard for the estimation of skeletal sex. Since its publication, a number of studies have demonstrated that population-specific applications of Klales improve classification accuracy. However, it has also been shown that age appears to affect the expression of dimorphism in the pelvis across the lifespan. As such, the present study examines the accuracy of Klales, and the modified global standard of Kenyhercz et al. (2017), in a contemporary Indonesian population, including quantifying the effect of age. Pelvic multi-slice CT scans of 378 individuals (213 female; 165 male) were analysed in OsiriX®. Both standards were tested and Indonesian-specific models thereafter derived.When applied to the Indonesian sample, both the Klales and Kenyhercz standards resulted in lower classification accuracy relative to the original studies. In considering the Indonesian-specific models, the ventral arc was the most accurate for the classification of sex, at 93.3% with a - 3.0% sex bias. The accuracy of the three-trait model was 94.4%, with a - 5.5% sex bias. Age was shown to significantly affect the distribution of pelvic trait scores. As such, age-dependent models were also derived, with the standard for individuals between 30 and 49 years the most accurate, at 93.1% and a sex bias of - 4.0%. Accuracy was lower in individuals aged ≥ 50 years, at 91.3% and a sex bias of 4.1%. These findings support the importance of establishing population-specific standards and to facilitate improved accuracy and capabilities for forensic practitioners in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhwan Lye
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, M420, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Zuzana Obertová
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, M420, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nur Amelia Bachtiar
- Radiology Department, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Talamanrea, 90254, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, M420, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Jiang CL, Lin FJ. Insights into the roles of Apolipoprotein E in adipocyte biology and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01549-9. [PMID: 38839985 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein expressed by various cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, etc. Initially, APOE was discovered as an arginine-rich peptide within very-low-density lipoprotein, but it was subsequently found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in humans and other animals, where its presence facilitates the clearance of these lipoproteins from circulation. Recent epidemiolocal studies and experimental research in mice suggest a link between ApoE and obesity. The latest findings highlight the role of endogenous adipocyte ApoE in regulating browning of white adipose tissue, beige adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on the emerging evidence showing the involvement of ApoE in the regulation of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Barquera R, Del Castillo-Chávez O, Nägele K, Pérez-Ramallo P, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Szolek A, Rohrlach AB, Librado P, Childebayeva A, Bianco RA, Penman BS, Acuña-Alonzo V, Lucas M, Lara-Riegos JC, Moo-Mezeta ME, Torres-Romero JC, Roberts P, Kohlbacher O, Warinner C, Krause J. Ancient genomes reveal insights into ritual life at Chichén Itzá. Nature 2024; 630:912-919. [PMID: 38867041 PMCID: PMC11208145 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The ancient city of Chichén Itzá in Yucatán, Mexico, was one of the largest and most influential Maya settlements during the Late and Terminal Classic periods (AD 600-1000) and it remains one of the most intensively studied archaeological sites in Mesoamerica1-4. However, many questions about the social and cultural use of its ceremonial spaces, as well as its population's genetic ties to other Mesoamerican groups, remain unanswered2. Here we present genome-wide data obtained from 64 subadult individuals dating to around AD 500-900 that were found in a subterranean mass burial near the Sacred Cenote (sinkhole) in the ceremonial centre of Chichén Itzá. Genetic analyses showed that all analysed individuals were male and several individuals were closely related, including two pairs of monozygotic twins. Twins feature prominently in Mayan and broader Mesoamerican mythology, where they embody qualities of duality among deities and heroes5, but until now they had not been identified in ancient Mayan mortuary contexts. Genetic comparison to present-day people in the region shows genetic continuity with the ancient inhabitants of Chichén Itzá, except at certain genetic loci related to human immunity, including the human leukocyte antigen complex, suggesting signals of adaptation due to infectious diseases introduced to the region during the colonial period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany.
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Oana Del Castillo-Chávez
- Centro INAH Yucatán, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patxi Pérez-Ramallo
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- University of the Basque Country (EHU), San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology and Cultural History, University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Diana Iraíz Hernández-Zaragoza
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - András Szolek
- Applied Bioinformatics, Dept. for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam Benjamin Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
- School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pablo Librado
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Raffaela Angelina Bianco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bridget S Penman
- The Zeeman Institute and the School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Victor Acuña-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mary Lucas
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Roberts
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Dept. for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany.
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Ho VWT, Chua KY, Song X, Jin A, Koh WP. Reproductive factors and risk of physical frailty among Chinese women living in Singapore. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100226. [PMID: 38593634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
SETTING Although age at menopause has been linked to higher risk of physical frailty in later life, little is known about other reproductive factors. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the associations between 1) age at menarche, 2) age at natural menopause, 3) duration of reproductive period, 4) number of children, 5) use of oral contraceptives (OCP), and 6) use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with the risk of physical frailty in late life. DESIGN We used data from 5934 women of the Singapore Chinese Health Study who experienced natural menopause, and participated in the third follow-up interviews when physical frailty was assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate association of reproductive factors evaluated during baseline and prior follow-up interviews with physical frailty at follow-up 3. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling Chinese women living in Singapore. Participants had a mean age of 52.6 years at baseline (1993-1998), and a mean age of 72.8 years during the third follow-up (2014-2017). MEASUREMENTS Sociodemographic characteristics, level of education, smoking history, physical activity, and history of physician-diagnosed comorbidities were collected. Participants' weight and height were self-reported. We used a modified Cardiovascular Health Study phenotype to assess physical frailty. RESULTS Age at menarche was inversely associated with the likelihood of physical frailty (Ptrend = 0.001); each one-year decrease in age at menarche was associated with a 9% increase (95% CI: 4%-14%) in odds of physical frailty. Age at menopause was also inversely associated with the likelihood of physical frailty (Ptrend = 0.009); every one-year decrease in age at menopause was associated with 2% (0%-4%) increased odds. In the assessment of frailty, younger ages at menarche and menopause were associated with greater likelihood of being in the slowest quintile for timed up-and-go and weakest quintile for handgrip strength. Conversely, duration of reproductive period, parity, and use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy were not significantly associated with the likelihood of physical frailty. CONCLUSIONS In our population-based cohort of Chinese women, younger ages at menarche and menopause were associated with higher likelihood of physical frailty in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda W T Ho
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Yiqiang Chua
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
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Bhatt S, Argueta DA, Gupta K, Kundu S. Red Blood Cells as Therapeutic Target to Treat Sickle Cell Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:1025-1049. [PMID: 37975291 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited diathesis affecting mostly underserved populations globally. SCD is characterized by chronic pain and fatigue, severe acute painful crises requiring hospitalization and opioids, strokes, multiorgan damage, and a shortened life span. Symptoms may appear shortly after birth, and, in less developed countries, most children with SCD die before attaining age 5. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant and gene therapy offer a curative therapeutic approach, but, due to many challenges, are limited in their availability and effectiveness for a majority of persons with SCD. A critical unmet need is to develop safe and effective novel targeted therapies. A wide array of drugs currently undergoing clinical investigation hold promise for an expanded pharmacological armamentarium against SCD. Recent Advances: Hydroxyurea, the most widely used intervention for SCD management, has improved the survival in the Western world and more recently, voxelotor (R-state-stabilizer), l-glutamine, and crizanlizumab (anti-P-selectin antibody) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in SCD. The recent FDA approval emphasizes the need to revisit the advances in understanding the core pathophysiology of SCD to accelerate novel evidence-based strategies to treat SCD. The biomechanical breakdown of erythrocytesis, the core pathophysiology of SCD, is associated with intrinsic factors, including the composition of hemoglobin, membrane integrity, cellular volume, hydration, andoxidative stress. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In this context, this review focuses on advances in emerging nongenetic interventions directed toward the therapeutic targets intrinsic to sickle red blood cells (RBCs), which can prevent impaired rheology of RBCs to impede disease progression and reduce the sequelae of comorbidities, including pain, vasculopathy, and organ damage. In addition, given the intricate pathophysiology of the disease, it is unlikely that a single pharmacotherapeutic intervention will comprehensively ameliorate the multifaceted complications associated with SCD. However, the availability of multiple drug options affords the opportunity for individualized therapeutic regimens tailored to specific SCD-related complications. Furthermore, it opens avenues for combination drug therapy, capitalizing on distinct mechanisms of action and profiles of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
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28
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Navarro-Romero MT, Muñoz MDL, Krause-Kyora B, Cervini-Silva J, Alcalá-Castañeda E, David RE. Bioanthropological analysis of human remains from the archaic and classic period discovered in Puyil cave, Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24903. [PMID: 38308451 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine the geographic place of origin and maternal lineage of prehistoric human skeletal remains discovered in Puyil Cave, Tabasco State, Mexico, located in a region currently populated by Olmec, Zoque and Maya populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS All specimens were radiocarbon (14C) dated (beta analytic), had dental modifications classified, and had an analysis of 13 homologous reference points conducted to evaluate artificial cranial deformation (ACD). Following DNA purification, hypervariable region I (HVR-1) of the mitogenome was amplified and Sanger sequenced. Finally, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed for total DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups were determined using BioEdit 7.2 and IGV software and confirmed with MITOMASTER and WebHome softwares. RESULTS Radiocarbon dating (14C) demonstrated that the inhabitants of Puyil Cave lived during the Archaic and Classic Periods and displayed tabular oblique and tabular mimetic ACD. These pre-Hispanic remains exhibited five mtDNA lineages: A, A2, C1, C1c and D4. Network analysis revealed a close genetic affinity between pre-Hispanic Puyil Cave inhabitants and contemporary Maya subpopulations from Mexico and Guatemala, as well as individuals from Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and China. CONCLUSIONS Our results elucidate the dispersal of pre-Hispanic Olmec and Maya ancestors and suggest that ACD practices are closely related to Olmec and Maya practices. Additionally, we conclude that ACD has likely been practiced in the region since the Middle-Archaic Period.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Navarro-Romero
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Muñoz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Javiera Cervini-Silva
- Department of Process and Technology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Alcalá-Castañeda
- Department of Archaeological Studies, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Randy E David
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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29
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Ribeiro EC, de Mendonça DS, de Barros Silva PG, Kurita LM, de Aguiar ASW, Tuji FM, Neves FS, Carvalho FSR, Costa FWG. Potential role of the sella turcica X-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of forensic anthropology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Res 2024; 9:owad046. [PMID: 38903907 PMCID: PMC11188687 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the parameters of normality of the sella turcica (ST), which is important to face different craniofacial syndromes that may affect this structure. Therefore, this research summarized the scientific evidence on the role of ST in the sex estimation of non-syndromic individuals. The research protocol was registered (Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews # CRD42021256469), followed by an electronic search in six databases (PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and LIVIVO) and gray literature (Google Scholar and OpenGrey). Meta-analysis of linear (width, length, height, and diameter) and volumetric measurements, in addition to an assessment of risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence, were performed. After the screening of 986 articles, 13 were evaluated by meta-analysis (1 307 males and 1 231 females). In subgroup analysis, females had lower values for width (lateral radiograph; -0.67 mm; P = 0.040), length (computed tomography; -0.23 mm; P = 0.020), and diameter (computed tomography; -0.27 mm; P < 0.001) compared to males. There was no statistically significant difference regarding height (P = 0.95), area (P = 0.72), and volume (P = 0.21). Most studies exhibited moderate RoB, and the certainty of evidence of the outcomes was very low. In this review, significant differences were observed between the sexes for the length and diameter of the ST; however, the heterogeneity of the studies must be considered. Key points Studies from different geographic regions evaluated the morphology of ST according to sex and showed this anatomical structure as an important indicator of dimorphism.Meta-analysis showed shorter ST length and diameter in women.Subgroup analysis found lower ST width in women based on lateral skull radiographs.Subgroup analysis found smaller lengths and diameters in women based on CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C Ribeiro
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Diego S de Mendonça
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo G de Barros Silva
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M Kurita
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Andréa S W de Aguiar
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M Tuji
- School of Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Federal University of Pará, Prof. José da Silveira Neto University City, Belém, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Neves
- School of Dentistry, Department of Propedeutics and Integrated Clinic, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Francisco S R Carvalho
- School of Dentistry, Departament of Odontology, Federal University of Ceará Campus Sobral, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Fábio W G Costa
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Kumar M, Aaron R, Varkki SD, Danda S, Ranganathan S, Paul GR. A rare variant c.1802T>C (p. Ile601Thr) associated with severe phenotype among people with cystic fibrosis from south India, and potential genetic admixture in Réunion, France. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:1820-1825. [PMID: 38501349 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Rekha Aaron
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sneha D Varkki
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace R Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Banyeh M, Woli MK, Mayeem BN, Kolekang AS, Nukpezah RN, Habib N, Owusu EA, Tanko MM, Dagungong CB. Maternal hepatitis B status and Sex at birth: A cross-sectional study in a Ghanaian population. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31566. [PMID: 38818178 PMCID: PMC11137505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal carrier status of hepatitis B has been associated with excess sons while maternal immunity to it has been associated with excess daughters at birth. However, the proportion of males at birth (sex ratio) is relatively low in Sub-Saharan Africa despite the relatively high prevalence of hepatitis B. However, no known study has tested this hypothesis in the Ghanaian population; hence the aim of the study. The study was cross-sectional between January and September 2023 at the Tamale Central Maternal and Child Health unit. The study involved 380 mothers of whom mothers with daughters (MD) were 145 (38.2 %) while the rest were mothers with sons (MS). The mothers were aged between 18 and 43 years and were sampled within one week of delivery to singleton births. Maternal venous blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (HBsAb), envelop antigen (HBeAg) envelope antibody (HBeAb) and core antibody (HBcAb) using immunochromatographic technique and total testosterone (TT), using ELISA. There was no significant difference in the serum total testosterone level between MD and MS (0.32 ± 0.13 vs 0.32 ± 0.27, P = 0.991). Moreover, while the mothers were seropositive for HBsAg (10.5 %), HBsAb (35.5 %), HBeAg (0.0 %), HBeAb (5.3 %) and HBcAb (11.8 %), there was no significant association between sex at birth and maternal hepatitis B status for HBsAg (ꭓ2: 0.531, P = 0.472), HBsAb (ꭓ2: 2.655, P = 0.140), HBeAb (ꭓ2: 0.251, P = 0.633) and HBcAb (ꭓ2: 0.101, P = 1.000). Maternal hepatitis B status may not be associated with the offspring sex at birth in the studied population from Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Banyeh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Moses Kofi Woli
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health and Well-Being, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Benjamin N. Mayeem
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Living Waters Hospital, P. O. Box 17, Ejisu-krapa, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augusta S. Kolekang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Disease Control, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Ruth Nimota Nukpezah
- Department of Preventive Health Nursing, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nadia Habib
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ansah Owusu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Muniru Mohammed Tanko
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Bhutta MF, Leach AJ, Brennan-Jones CG. Chronic suppurative otitis media. Lancet 2024; 403:2339-2348. [PMID: 38621397 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a leading global cause of potentially preventable hearing loss in children and adults, associated with socioeconomic deprivation. There is an absence of consensus on the definition of CSOM, which complicates efforts for prevention, treatment, and monitoring. CSOM occurs when perforation of the tympanic membrane is associated with severe or persistent inflammation in the middle ear, leading to hearing loss and recurrent or persistent ear discharge (otorrhoea). Cholesteatoma, caused by the inward growth of the squamous epithelium of the tympanic membrane into the middle ear, can also occur. The optimal treatment of discharge in CSOM is topical antibiotics. In resource-limited settings where topical antibiotics might not be available, topical antiseptics are an alternative. For persistent disease, surgery to repair the tympanic membrane or remove cholesteatoma might offer long-term resolution of otorrhoea and potential improvement to hearing. Recent developments in self-fitted air-conduction and bone-conduction hearing aids offer promise as new options for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood F Bhutta
- Global Health and Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK; Department of ENT, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.
| | - Amanda J Leach
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Christopher G Brennan-Jones
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Ear Health Group, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Axarloglou E, Delilampou E, Miliaras D, Meditskou S, Manthou ME. The Impact of Lifestyle on the Secondary Sex Ratio: A Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38929646 PMCID: PMC11205111 DOI: 10.3390/life14060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The secondary sex ratio (SSR), indicating the ratio of male to female live births, has garnered considerable attention within the realms of reproductive biology and public health. Numerous factors have been posited as potential trendsetters of the SSR. Given the extensive research on the impact of daily behaviors and habits on individuals' reproductive health, there is a plausible suggestion that lifestyle choices may also influence the SSR. By synthesizing the existing literature on the current research field, this comprehensive review indicates that an elevated SSR has been associated with an increased intake of fatty acids and monosaccharides, proper nutrition, higher educational levels, financial prosperity, and favorable housing conditions. On the other hand, a decreased SSR may be linked to undernutrition, socioeconomic disparities, and psychological distress, aligning with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. Occupational factors, smoking habits, and cultural beliefs could also contribute to trends in the SSR. Our review underscores the significance of considering the aforementioned factors in studies examining the SSR and emphasizes the necessity for further research to unravel the mechanisms underpinning these connections. A more profound comprehension of SSR alterations due to lifestyle holds the potential to adequately develop public health interventions and healthcare strategies to enhance reproductive health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (P.T.); (E.A.); (E.D.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
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34
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Lynn CD, Schell LM. Why religion and spirituality are important in human biological research. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24106. [PMID: 38767192 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of human biology includes exploration of all the genetic and environmental influences on human variation and life history, including impacts of sociocultural and physical environments. Religious practice and spirituality may be one of these influences. There are more than 5.8 billion religiously affiliated adults and children, accounting for 84% of the world's 6.9 billion people. Furthermore, 70% of Americans consider themselves spiritual in some way, including 22% who do not consider themselves religious, and the numbers for Europe are lower but proportionally similar. Such a high rate of religious affiliation and spiritual belief suggests that religion and spirituality could be sociocultural influences on human variation, but human biologists have scarcely attended to their impacts, as indicated by the limited numbers of relevant articles in the two flagship human biology journals. In this article, we discuss why human biologists may have overlooked this important force for human variability and highlight foundational work from human biology and other disciplines that can give our colleagues directions forward. We review the impacts of religion and spirituality at population and individual levels and call for human biologists to attend to the many aspects of religion and spirituality that can impact human biology and are much more than simply influences of denominational affiliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lynn
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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Borbély N, Dudás D, Tapasztó A, Dudás-Boda E, Csáky V, Szeifert B, Mende BG, Egyed B, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Pamjav H. Phylogenetic insights into the genetic legacies of Hungarian-speaking communities in the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11480. [PMID: 38769390 PMCID: PMC11106325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the uniparental genetic lineages of Hungarian-speaking minorities residing in rural villages of Baranja (Croatia) and the Zobor region (Slovakia). We aimed to identify ancestral lineages by examining genetic markers distributed across the entire mitogenome and on the Y-chromosome. This allowed us to discern disparities in regional genetic structures within these communities. By integrating our newly acquired genetic data from a total of 168 participants with pre-existing Eurasian and ancient DNA datasets, our goal was to enrich the understanding of the genetic history trajectories of Carpathian Basin populations. Our findings suggest that while population-based analyses may not be sufficiently robust to detect fine-scale uniparental genetic patterns with the sample sizes at hand, phylogenetic analysis of well-characterized Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) data and entire mitogenome sequences did uncover multiple lineage ties to far-flung regions and eras. While the predominant portions of both paternal and maternal DNA align with the East-Central European spectrum, rarer subhaplogroups and lineages have unveiled ancient ties to both prehistoric and historic populations spanning Europe and Eastern Eurasia. This research augments the expansive field of phylogenetics, offering critical perspectives on the genetic constitution and heritage of the communities in East-Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Borbély
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Dudás
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Attila Tapasztó
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Eszter Dudás-Boda
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csáky
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Bea Szeifert
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary.
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Hong SC, Muyas F, Cortés-Ciriano I, Hormoz S. scAI-SNP: a method for inferring ancestry from single-cell data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594208. [PMID: 38798590 PMCID: PMC11118306 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Collaborative efforts, such as the Human Cell Atlas, are rapidly accumulating large amounts of single-cell data. To ensure that single-cell atlases are representative of human genetic diversity, we need to determine the ancestry of the donors from whom single-cell data are generated. Self-reporting of race and ethnicity, although important, can be biased and is not always available for the datasets already collected. Here, we introduce scAI-SNP, a tool to infer ancestry directly from single-cell genomics data. To train scAI-SNP, we identified 4.5 million ancestry-informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 1000 Genomes Project dataset across 3201 individuals from 26 population groups. For a query single-cell data set, scAI-SNP uses these ancestry-informative SNPs to compute the contribution of each of the 26 population groups to the ancestry of the donor from whom the cells were obtained. Using diverse single-cell data sets with matched whole-genome sequencing data, we show that scAI-SNP is robust to the sparsity of single-cell data, can accurately and consistently infer ancestry from samples derived from diverse types of tissues and cancer cells, and can be applied to different modalities of single-cell profiling assays, such as single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell ATAC-seq. Finally, we argue that ensuring that single-cell atlases represent diverse ancestry, ideally alongside race and ethnicity, is ultimately important for improved and equitable health outcomes by accounting for human diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Hong
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francesc Muyas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sahand Hormoz
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Kutumova E, Kovaleva A, Sharipov R, Lifshits G, Kolpakov F. Mathematical modelling of the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism on blood pressure and antihypertensive therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29988. [PMID: 38707445 PMCID: PMC11068647 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism raises the possibility of personalising ACE inhibitor therapy to optimise its efficiency and reduce side effects in genetically distinct subgroups. However, the extent of its influence among these subgroups is unknown. Therefore, we extended our computational model of blood pressure regulation to investigate the effect of the ACE I/D polymorphism on haemodynamic parameters in humans undergoing antihypertensive therapy. The model showed that the dependence of blood pressure on serum ACE activity is a function of saturation and therefore, the lack of association between ACE I/D and blood pressure levels may be due to high ACE activity in specific populations. Additionally, in an extended model simulating the effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs, we explored the relationship between ACE I/D and the efficacy of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The model predicted that the response of cardiovascular and renal parameters to treatment directly depends on ACE activity. However, significant differences in parameter changes were observed only between groups with high and low ACE levels, while different ACE I/D genotypes within the same group had similar changes in absolute values. We conclude that a single genetic variant is responsible for only a small fraction of heredity in treatment success and its predictive value is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kutumova
- Department of Computational Biology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodar region, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna Kovaleva
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan Sharipov
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Specialized Educational Scientific Center, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Lifshits
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Fedor Kolpakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodar region, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
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Panduro A, Roman S, Mariscal-Martinez IM, Jose-Abrego A, Gonzalez-Aldaco K, Ojeda-Granados C, Ramos-Lopez O, Torres-Reyes LA. Personalized medicine and nutrition in hepatology for preventing chronic liver disease in Mexico. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379364. [PMID: 38784134 PMCID: PMC11113077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a global health issue. Patients with chronic liver disease require a fresh approach that focuses on the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to disease initiation and progression. Emerging knowledge in the fields of Genomic Medicine and Genomic Nutrition demonstrates differences between countries in terms of genetics and lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and mental health in chronic liver disease, which serves as the foundation for the implementation of Personalized Medicine and Nutrition (PerMed-Nut) strategies. Most of the world's populations have descended from various ethnic groupings. Mexico's population has a tripartite ancestral background, consisting of Amerindian, European, and African lineages, which is common across Latin America's regional countries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the genetic and environmental components that could be incorporated into a PerMed-Nut model for metabolic-associated liver disease, viral hepatitis B and C, and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico. Additionally, the implementation of the PerMed-Nut approach will require updated medicine and nutrition education curricula. Training and equipping future health professionals and researchers with new clinical and investigative abilities focused on preventing liver illnesses in the field of genomic hepatology globally is a vision that clinicians and nutritionists should be concerned about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Panduro
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irene M. Mariscal-Martinez
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alexis Jose-Abrego
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Ojeda-Granados
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Torres-Reyes
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Hernandez PA, Bradford JC, Brahmachary P, Ulman S, Robinson JL, June RK, Cucchiarini M. Unraveling sex-specific risks of knee osteoarthritis before menopause: Do sex differences start early in life? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01172-5. [PMID: 38703811 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sufficient evidence within the past two decades have shown that osteoarthritis (OA) has a sex-specific component. However, efforts to reveal the biological causes of this disparity have emerged more gradually. In this narrative review, we discuss anatomical differences within the knee, incidence of injuries in youth sports, and metabolic factors that present early in life (childhood and early adulthood) that can contribute to a higher risk of OA in females. DESIGN We compiled clinical data from multiple tissues within the knee joint-since OA is a whole joint disorder-aiming to reveal relevant factors behind the sex differences from different perspectives. RESULTS The data gathered in this review indicate that sex differences in articular cartilage, meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament are detected as early as childhood and are not only explained by sex hormones. Aiming to unveil the biological causes of the uneven sex-specific risks for knee OA, we review the current knowledge of sex differences mostly in young, but also including old populations, from the perspective of (i) human anatomy in both healthy and pathological conditions, (ii) physical activity and response to injury, and (iii) metabolic signatures. CONCLUSIONS We propose that to close the gap in health disparities, and specifically regarding OA, we should address sex-specific anatomic, biologic, and metabolic factors at early stages in life, as a way to prevent the higher severity and incidence of OA in women later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | | | - Priyanka Brahmachary
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Movement Science Laboratory, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX 75034, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar D-66421, Germany.
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Moustafa MA, Ghitani SA, Kholief MA, Abulnoor BAES, Attia MH. Prescription eyeglasses as a forensic physical evidence: Prediction of age based on refractive error measures using machine learning algorithm. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:765-783. [PMID: 38389439 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Refractive errors (RE) are commonly reported visual impairment problems worldwide. Previous clinical studies demonstrated age-related changes in human eyes. We hypothesized that the binocular RE metrics including sphere and cylinder power, axis orientation, and interpupillary distance (IPD) can be used for forensic age estimation of an unknown individual. RE data of both eyes were collected from the clinical optometric exams and prescription glasses of 2027 Egyptian individuals aged between 2 to 93 years. The differences between age groups as well as sides, and sexual dimorphism were explored. Two modeling methods were compared: multiple and stepwise linear regression (LR) versus machine learning Regression Forest (RFM). Data were apportioned into training and test datasets with a ratio of 80/20. The results showed significant differences among the age groups in each eye for all variables. Stepwise LR improved the results over models based on the one-sided lens due to selection of IPD in addition to the left and right axis, and left sphere as independent variables. For the RFM, the left axis and IPD were the most important features. RFM outperformed LR in terms of accuracy and root mean squared error (RMSE). The estimated age within ±10 years showed 81.4% accuracy rate and RMSE = 8.9 years versus 38.5% accuracy rate and RMSE = 17.99 years using RFM and stepwise LR, respectively, in the test set. The current study upholds the significance of the age-related changes of refractive error in formulating alternative forensic age estimation models when standard methods are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Atef Moustafa
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sara Attia Ghitani
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abdelfattah Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - MennattAllah Hassan Attia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Malik S, Bibi A, Farid R, Khan S, Awan J, Rehman AU. Consanguinity in northwest Pakistan: evidence of temporal decline. J Biosoc Sci 2024; 56:445-458. [PMID: 38314634 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932024000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Pakistan has a high burden of hereditary and congenital anomalies and their incidence rate almost doubles against the background of parental consanguinity. Consanguineous unions (CU) are customary in Pakistan and deeply rooted socio-cultural norms favour CU. This study aimed to elucidate the determinants and temporal change in CU in four northwestern populations of Pakistan. In a cross-sectional study, data on marital union types, bio-demographic factors, and paternal consanguinity were collected from 6,323 ever-married individuals in four districts of northwest Pakistan: Haripur, Muzaffarabad, Mansehra, and Shangla. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The CU were calculated to be 55%, and inbreeding coefficient F (ICF) was estimated to be 0.029. Eight factors, including district, rural origin, age of husband, occupational group of husband, literacy of husband, parental consanguinity, exchange marriage, and extended family type, were found to be significant predictors of consanguinity in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The rate of consanguinity decreased significantly in the younger age categories of individuals. The rate of CU was seen to be declining over time and in marriages that started 'before 1980' and 'after 2010', respectively, and there was a decline in ICF from 0.030 to 0.027. These analyses also showed that the literacy rate improved, the average age at marriage increased, and the frequency of exchange marriages decreased over time. This study employs a sizable first-hand dataset to demonstrate a lowering CU rate in northwest Pakistan. It is anticipated that the burden of inherited and congenital anomalies may likely to diminish in the study populations along with the fall in ICF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Bibi
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rubbiya Farid
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Awan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Barrios-Menéndez JC, Carías-Alvarado CC, Cayax LI, López-Hun F, Santizo A, Herrera MA, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Escobar-Castro K. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus in Guatemala. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110803. [PMID: 38653667 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that impacts connective tissue and can affect various organs and systems within the body. One important aspect of this disease is the role of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, a protein complex that plays a role in the immune response. Specifically, the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes have been implicated in the development of SLE. In order to better understand this relationship in the Guatemalan population, a study was conducted with the objective of characterizing the allelic and haplotype profiles of the HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 loci in 50 patients diagnosed with SLE who were receiving treatment at a hospital in Guatemala. Allele and haplotype frequencies were determined and compared to 127 healthy Guatemalan subjects as a control group. The results of the analysis showed a reduction in the frequencies of HLA-DQB1*03 and HLA-DRB1*14 in SLE patients, which could suggest a protective effect on the development of the disease. In contrast, a risk association was found between HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DRB1*08, HLA-DQB1*02 and HLA-DQB1*06 in SLE patients. Finally, we observed an additional protective associated of haplotype HLA-DRB1*04∼DQB1*03 with SLE patients, while haplotypes HLA-DRB1*07∼DQB1*02 and DRB1*08-DQB1*06 showed a risk association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Barrios-Menéndez
- General Directorate of Research, University of San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | - Lilian Isabel Cayax
- Medical Sciences Faculty, University of San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Francisco López-Hun
- General Directorate of Research, University of San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Adolfo Santizo
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Nephrology and Transplant Department, General San Juan de Dios Hospital, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Maynor A Herrera
- Rheumatology Unit, Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Diana Iraíz Hernández-Zaragoza
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karla Escobar-Castro
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Nephrology and Transplant Department, General San Juan de Dios Hospital, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Ashcraft LE, Cabrera KI, Lane-Fall MB, South EC. Leveraging Implementation Science to Advance Environmental Justice Research and Achieve Health Equity through Neighborhood and Policy Interventions. Annu Rev Public Health 2024; 45:89-108. [PMID: 38166499 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Environmental justice research is increasingly focused on community-engaged, participatory investigations that test interventions to improve health. Such research is primed for the use of implementation science-informed approaches to optimize the uptake and use of interventions proven to be effective. This review identifies synergies between implementation science and environmental justice with the goal of advancing both disciplines. Specifically, the article synthesizes the literature on neighborhood-, community-, and policy-level interventions in environmental health that address underlying structural determinants (e.g., structural racism) and social determinants of health. Opportunities to facilitate and scale the equitable implementation of evidence-based environmental health interventions are highlighted, using urban greening as an illustrative example. An environmental justice-focused version of the implementation science subway is provided, which highlights these principles: Remember and Reflect, Restore and Reclaim, and Reinvest. The review concludes with existing gaps and future directions to advance the science of implementation to promote environmental justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ellen Ashcraft
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Keven I Cabrera
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Urban Health Lab, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan B Lane-Fall
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Implementation Science Center (PISCE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eugenia C South
- Urban Health Lab, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Alieva A, Di Costanzo A, Gazzotti M, Reutova O, Usova E, Bakaleiko V, Arca M, D'Erasmo L, Pellegatta F, Galimberti F, Olmastroni E, Catapano AL, Casula M. Genetic heterogeneity of familial hypercholesterolaemia in two populations from two different countries. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 123:65-71. [PMID: 38245461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetically determined monogenic disorder of predominantly autosomal dominant inheritance. A number of studies on differences in the genetic profile of patients with FH have demonstrated the importance of a more substantive evaluation of genetic features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic profile of patients with clinical FH among Italian and Russian patients. METHODS We included 144 Italian and 79 Russian FH patients; clinical diagnosis was based on the same criteria. Patients were divided in: positive to genetic test (one causative variant), inconclusive (only variants of uncertain clinical significance [VUS]), and negative (with likely benign/benign variants, heterozygous variants in LDLRAP1 gene, or without causative variants). RESULTS The genetic test was positive in 76.4 % of the Italian patients and in 49.4 % of the Russian patients. The presence of VUS alone was detected in 7.6 % and in 19.0 % (p < 0.001), respectively. Among patients with positive genetic diagnosis, pre-treatment LDL-C levels were higher in the Russian cohort (353.5 ± 111.3 vs. 302.7 ± 52.1 mg/dL, p = 0.009), as well as the percentage of treated patients (53.8 % vs. 14.5 %, p < 0.001) and the prevalence of premature coronary heart disease (12.8 % vs. 3.6 %, p = 0.039). Among patients carrying only VUS, mean pre-treatment LDL-C levels were similar between the cohorts (299.5 ± 68.1 vs. 295.3 ± 46.8 mg/dL, p = 0.863). Among pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and VUS, only 5 % and 4 % was shared between the two cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION The genetic background of patients clinically diagnosed with FH in two different countries is characterized by high variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiiat Alieva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Olga Reutova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Usova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Olmastroni
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Casula
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Service (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Amjadi M, Hayatmehr Z, Egyed B, Tavallaei M, Szécsényi-Nagy A. A comprehensive review of HVS-I mitochondrial DNA variation of 19 Iranian populations. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:259-277. [PMID: 38161274 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Iran is located along the Central Asian corridor, a natural artery that has served as a cross-continental route since the first anatomically modern human populations migrated out of Africa. We compiled and reanalyzed the HVS-I (hypervariable segment-I) of 3840 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 19 Iranian populations and from 26 groups from adjacent countries to give a comprehensive review of the maternal genetic variation and investigate the impact of historical events and cultural factors on the maternal genetic structure of modern Iranians. We conclude that Iranians have a high level of genetic diversity. Thirty-six haplogroups were observed in Iran's populations, and most of them belong to widespread West-Eurasian haplogroups, such as H, HV, J, N, T, and U. In contrast, the predominant haplogroups observed in most of the adjacent countries studied here are H, M, D, R, U, and C haplogroups. Using principal component analysis, clustering, and genetic distance-based calculations, we estimated moderate genetic relationships between Iranian and other Eurasian groups. Further, analyses of molecular variance and comparing geographic and genetic structures indicate that mtDNA HVS-I sequence diversity does not exhibit any sharp geographic structure in the country. Barring a few from some culturally distinct and naturally separated minorities, most Iranian populations have a homogenous maternal genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Amjadi
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Doctoral School of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeogenomics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zahra Hayatmehr
- Faculty of Management and Financial Science, Department of Management, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeogenomics, Budapest, Hungary
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Tang J, Fan X, Milne RI, Yang H, Tao W, Zhang X, Guo M, Li J, Mao K. Across two phylogeographic breaks: Quaternary evolutionary history of a mountain aspen ( Populus rotundifolia) in the Hengduan Mountains. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:321-332. [PMID: 38798733 PMCID: PMC11119543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography. In East Asia, plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks, the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line, however, few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both. Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia, a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China. Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches. Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P. rotundifolia, but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line, manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group. Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P. rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring. We also found that the Hengduan Mountains, where multiple genetic barriers were detected, acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P. rotundifolia. Ecological niche modeling suggested that P. rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum, and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka. The phylogeographic pattern of P. rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits, wind patterns, barriers, niche differentiation, and Quaternary climate history. This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Richard I. Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Heng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Mengyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Kangshan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, PR China
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Rout M, Tung GK, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Wander GS, Ralhan S, Sanghera DK. Polygenic Risk Score Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10511-z. [PMID: 38658478 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of various polygenic risk score (PRS) models derived from European (EU), South Asian (SA), and Punjabi Asian Indians (AI) studies on 13,974 subjects from AI ancestry. While all models successfully predicted Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, the AI, SA, and EU + AI were superior predictors and more transportable than the EU model; the predictive performance in training and test sets was 18% and 22% higher in AI and EU + AI models, respectively than in EU. Comparing individuals with extreme PRS quartiles, the AI and EU + AI captured individuals with high CAD risk showed 2.6 to 4.6 times higher efficiency than the EU. Interestingly, including the clinical risk score did not significantly change the performance of any genetic model. The enrichment of diversity variants in EU PRS improves risk prediction and transportability. Establishing population-specific normative and risk factors and inclusion into genetic models would refine the risk stratification and improve the clinical utility of CAD PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Rout
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Liebenberg L, L'Abbé EN, Stull KE. Exploring cranial macromorphoscopic variation and classification accuracy in a South African sample. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03230-2. [PMID: 38622313 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
To date South African forensic anthropologists are only able to successfully apply a metric approach to estimate population affinity when constructing a biological profile from skeletal remains. While a non-metric, or macromorphoscopic approach exists, limited research has been conducted to explore its use in a South African population. This study aimed to explore 17 cranial macromorphoscopic traits to develop improved methodology for the estimation of population affinity among black, white and coloured South Africans and for the method to be compliant with standards of best practice. The trait frequency distributions revealed substantial group variation and overlap, and not a single trait can be considered characteristic of any one population group. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests demonstrated significant population differences for 13 of the 17 traits. Random forest modelling was used to develop classification models to assess the reliability and accuracy of the traits in identifying population affinity. Overall, the model including all traits obtained a classification accuracy of 79% when assessing population affinity, which is comparable to current craniometric methods. The variable importance indicates that all the traits contributed some information to the model, with the inferior nasal margin, nasal bone contour, and nasal aperture shape ranked the most useful for classification. Thus, this study validates the use of macromorphoscopic traits in a South African sample, and the population-specific data from this study can potentially be incorporated into forensic casework and skeletal analyses in South Africa to improve population affinity estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandi Liebenberg
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa.
- Forensic Anthropology Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa.
| | - Ericka N L'Abbé
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Kyra E Stull
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
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Pasokh Z, Seif M, Ghaem H, Rezaianzadeh A, Ghoddusi Johari M. Age at natural menopause and its determinants in female population of Kharameh cohort study: Comparison of regression, conditional tree and forests. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300448. [PMID: 38625988 PMCID: PMC11020934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation that occurs after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea without any obvious pathological or physiological cause. The age of this phenomenon has been reported to be associated with several health outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the Age at Natural Menopause (ANM) and to identify reproductive and demographic factors affecting ANM. METHODS This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on 2517 post-menopausal women aged 40-70 years participating in the first phase of the PERSIAN cohort study of Kharameh, Iran, during 2014-2017. To more accurately detect the determinants of ANM, we applied multiple linear regression beside some machine learning algorithms including conditional tree, conditional forest, and random forest. Then, the fitness of these methods was compared using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS The mean±SD of ANM was 48.95±6.13. Both applied forests provided more accurate results and identified more predictors. However, according to the final comparison, the conditional forest was the most accurate method which recognized that more pregnancies, longer breastfeeding, Fars ethnicity, and urbanization have the greatest impact on later ANM. CONCLUSIONS This study found a wide range of reproductive and demographic factors affecting ANM. Considering our findings in decision-making can reduce the complications related to this phenomenon and, consequently, improve the quality of life of post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pasokh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fragkoulis G, Hangas A, Fekete Z, Michell C, Moraes C, Willcox S, Griffith JD, Goffart S, Pohjoismäki JO. Linear DNA-driven recombination in mammalian mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3088-3105. [PMID: 38300793 PMCID: PMC11014290 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination in animals has remained enigmatic due to its uniparental inheritance and subsequent homoplasmic state, which excludes the biological need for genetic recombination, as well as limits tools to study it. However, molecular recombination is an important genome maintenance mechanism for all organisms, most notably being required for double-strand break repair. To demonstrate the existence of mtDNA recombination, we took advantage of a cell model with two different types of mitochondrial genomes and impaired its ability to degrade broken mtDNA. The resulting excess of linear DNA fragments caused increased formation of cruciform mtDNA, appearance of heterodimeric mtDNA complexes and recombinant mtDNA genomes, detectable by Southern blot and by long range PacBio® HiFi sequencing approach. Besides utilizing different electrophoretic methods, we also directly observed molecular complexes between different mtDNA haplotypes and recombination intermediates using transmission electron microscopy. We propose that the known copy-choice recombination by mitochondrial replisome could be sufficient for the needs of the small genome, thus removing the requirement for a specialized mitochondrial recombinase. The error-proneness of this system is likely to contribute to the formation of pathological mtDNA rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Fragkoulis
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Hangas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Zsófia Fekete
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Craig Michell
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami,FL, USA
| | - Smaranda Willcox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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