1
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Junaid M, Lee EJ, Lim SB. Single-cell and spatial omics: exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1525-1540. [PMID: 38993130 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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2
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Zheng Y, Ren Z, Liu Y, Yan J, Chen C, He Y, Shi Y, Cheng F, Wang Q, Li C, Wang X. T cell interactions with microglia in immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1277-1292. [PMID: 39075894 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke, which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration. As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke, microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition. After an ischemic stroke, peripheral blood immune cells (mainly T cells) are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain, where they interact with central nervous system cells (mainly microglia) to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response. This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke. We found that, during ischemic stroke, T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect. Th1, Th17, and M1 microglia can co-secrete pro-inflammatory factors, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury. Th2, Treg, and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β, to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation, as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury. Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation, which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke. However, such studies have been relatively infrequent, and clinical experience is still insufficient. In summary, in ischemic stroke, T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression, mainly by secreting inflammatory factors. In the future, a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells, along with the activation of M2-type microglia. These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juntang Yan
- Library, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Congai Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyu Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changxiang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Chen J, Yu C, Xia K, Yang B, Wang R, Li Y, Shi K, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen Q, Liang C. Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1042-1057. [PMID: 38989936 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society, mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause. Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries, their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory. However, a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries, their consequences, and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic reprogramming. Normal spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic coupling. However, spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes, including the failure of axonal regeneration, the accumulation of scarring, and the activation of microglia. To rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level, potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged, including replenishing metabolic substrates, reconstituting metabolic couplings, and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell fate. The available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury. To further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury, future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism, the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies, and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Qiandongnan Prefecture People's Hospital, Kaili, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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4
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Huang R, Pang Q, Zheng L, Lin J, Li H, Wan L, Wang T. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1015-1030. [PMID: 38989934 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions, such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability, the synthesis of steroid hormones, and myelination. Cholesterol plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous system. The brain contains 20% of the whole body's cholesterol, 80% of which is located within myelin. A huge number of processes (e.g., the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway) participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and efflux. Certain brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental consequences. Therefore, we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype, with high mortality and morbidity. Historical cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, such as neuroinflammation, demyelination, and multiple types of programmed cell death. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system, the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage, and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell death. We also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Tagawa K, Matsui K, Tsukamura A, Shibata M, Tsutsui H, Nagai S, Maruo Y. Use of a long-term continuous glucose monitor for predicting sulfonylurea dose in patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus: a case series. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2025; 33:131-138. [PMID: 38993723 PMCID: PMC11234181 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes that presents with uncontrolled hyperglycemia during the first 6 months of life. NDM is a rare disease in which gene variants mainly cause β-cell loss or dysfunction (6q24 duplication, KCNJ11, and ABCC8). Although NDM is primarily treated through insulin therapy, it is highly challenging to manage blood glucose levels using insulin therapy during infancy. In contrast, KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutant patients received oral sulfonylureas (SU) instead of insulin injections; however, the dose and frequency differ among individuals. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is useful in patients with type 1 diabetes; but reports on patients with NDM are lacking. Herein, we report two cases of NDM with the KCNJ11 variant. We used CGM not only during insulin injection therapy but also after switching to oral SU therapy. The CGM data can also be used to determine the dose and frequency of SU. Furthermore, long-term CGM may be useful for adjusting SU dose and frequency, and maintaining good glycemic control not only during insulin injection but also during oral SU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsukamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masami Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidemi Tsutsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shizuyo Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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6
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Sun J, Zhao N, Zhang R, Li Y, Yu T, Nong Q, Lin L, Yang X, Luan T, Chen B, Huang Y. Metabolic landscape of human alveolar type II epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced directly by silica exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 149:676-687. [PMID: 39181677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis. However, molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed. Herein, metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549 cells) exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches. A total of 84 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT, which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids (e.g., glutamate, alanine, aspartate), purine metabolism, glycolysis, etc. The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica. Remarkably, glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells, and the levels of related metabolites (e.g., succinate) and enzymes (e.g., α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase) were substantially up-regulated, with a preference to α-KG pathway. Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail (zinc finger transcription factor). Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizheng Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 540080, China
| | - Qiying Nong
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xubin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China.
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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7
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Shen Y, Zhang G, Wei C, Zhao P, Wang Y, Li M, Sun L. Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:613-631. [PMID: 38886929 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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8
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Abokyi S, Tse DYY. Age-related driving mechanisms of retinal diseases and neuroprotection by transcription factor EB-targeted therapy. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:366-377. [PMID: 38819040 PMCID: PMC11317960 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches, focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB. Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies, such as exercise, calorie restriction, rapamycin, and metformin, in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases. The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging, its neuroprotective effects, and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders. The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific, influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways. In vascular endothelial cells, transcription factor EB controls important processes, including endothelial cell proliferation, endothelial tube formation, and nitric oxide levels, thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier, angiogenesis, and retinal microvasculature. Additionally, transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy, lysosomal dynamics, and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin, thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization. These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis, neuronal synapse plasticity, energy metabolism, microvasculature, and inflammation, ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases. The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Center for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dennis Yan-yin Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Center for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Eye and Vision Research, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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9
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Zhao XY, Xu DE, Wu ML, Liu JC, Shi ZL, Ma QH. Regulation and function of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:6-20. [PMID: 38767472 PMCID: PMC11246128 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a key cellular organelle, regulates a wide variety of cellular activities. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover, remodeling, and proteostasis. In this review, we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system, and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular requirements. We also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve disorders. This review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Xu W, Gao X, Luo H, Chen Y. FGF21 attenuates salt-sensitive hypertension via regulating HNF4α/ACE2 axis in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of mice. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2361671. [PMID: 38841901 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2361671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the role of FGF21 in hypertension remains elusive. METHODS Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal-salt (NS) group, NS+FGF21 group, deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA) group and DOCA+FGF21 group. The mice in NS group underwent uninephrectomy without receiving DOCA and 1% NaCl and the mice in DOCA group were subjected to uninephrectomy and DOCA-salt (DOCA and 1% NaCl) treatment for 6 weeks. At the same time, the mice were infused with vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF) or FGF21 (1 mg/kg) into the bilateral paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of mice. RESULTS Here, we showed that FGF21 treatment lowered DOCA salt-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the PVN, which reduced sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension. Mechanistically, FGF21 treatment decreased the expression of HNF4α and inhibited the binding activity of HNF4α to the promoter region of ACE2 in the PVN of DOCA salt-treated mice, which further up-regulated ACE2/Ang (1-7) signals in the PVN. In addition, ACE2 deficiency abolished the protective effect of FGF21 in DOCA salt-treated mice, suggesting that FGF21-mediated antihypertensive effect was dependent on ACE2. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that FGF21 protects against salt-sensitive hypertension via regulating HNF4α/ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis in the PVN of DOCA salt-treated mice via multi-organ crosstalk between liver, brain and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yingmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Sylvester-Armstrong KR, Reeder CF, Powell A, Becker MW, Hagan DW, Chen J, Mathews CE, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Egerman R, Phelps EA. Serum from pregnant donors induces human beta cell proliferation. Islets 2024; 16:2334044. [PMID: 38533763 PMCID: PMC10978022 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2024.2334044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body and have not been observed to increase in number except during the fetal and neonatal period, in cases of obesity, during puberty, as well as during pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with increased beta cell mass to meet heightened insulin demands. This phenomenon raises the intriguing possibility that factors present in the serum of pregnant individuals may stimulate beta cell proliferation and offer insights into expansion of the beta cell mass for treatment and prevention of diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that serum from pregnant donors contains bioactive factors capable of inducing human beta cell proliferation. An immortalized human beta cell line with protracted replication (EndoC-βH1) was cultured in media supplemented with serum from pregnant and non-pregnant female and male donors and assessed for differences in proliferation. This experiment was followed by assessment of proliferation of primary human beta cells. Sera from five out of six pregnant donors induced a significant increase in the proliferation rate of EndoC-βH1 cells. Pooled serum from the cohort of pregnant donors also increased the rate of proliferation in primary human beta cells. This study demonstrates that serum from pregnant donors stimulates human beta cell proliferation. These findings suggest the existence of pregnancy-associated factors that can offer novel avenues for beta cell regeneration and diabetes prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific factors responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callie F. Reeder
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrece Powell
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - D. Walker Hagan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Egerman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Nath P, Alfarsi LH, El-Ansari R, Masisi BK, Erkan B, Fakroun A, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. The amino acid transporter SLC7A11 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2291855. [PMID: 38073087 PMCID: PMC10761065 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2291855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), characterized by its diverse molecular profiles and clinical outcomes, presents a significant challenge in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Metabolic reprogramming, a defining characteristic of cancer, has emerged as a promising target for novel therapies. SLC7A11, an amino acid transporter that facilitates cysteine uptake in exchange for glutamate, plays a crucial role in sustaining the altered metabolism of cancer cells. This study delves into the comprehensive analysis of SLC7A11 at the genomic, transcriptomic, and protein levels in extensive BC datasets to elucidate its potential role in different BC subtypes. SLC7A11 gene copy number and mRNA expression were evaluated using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort (n = 1,980) and Breast Cancer Gene Expression Miner (n = 4,712). SLC7A11 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large BC cohort (n = 1,981). Additionally, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used to explore SLC7A11 DNA methylation patterns using MethSurv (n = 782) and association of SLC7A11 mRNA expression with immune infiltrates using TIMER (n = 1,100). High SLC7A11 mRNA and SLC7A11 protein expression were significantly associated with high tumor grade (p ≤ .02), indicating a potential role in cancer progression. Interestingly, SLC7A11 copy number gain was observed in HER2+ tumors (p = .01), suggesting a subtype-specific association. In contrast, SLC7A11 mRNA expression was higher in the basal-like/triple-negative (TN; p < .001) and luminal B tumors (p = .02), highlighting its differential expression across BC subtypes. Notably, high SLC7A11 protein expression was predominantly observed in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-negative and Triple Negative (TN) BC, suggesting a role in these aggressive subtypes. Further analysis revealed that SLC7A11 was positively correlated with other amino acid transporters and enzymes associated with glutamine metabolism, implying a coordinated role in metabolic regulation. Additionally, SLC7A11 gene expression was positively associated with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, suggesting a potential link between SLC7A11 and tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that SLC7A11 plays a significant role in BC metabolism, demonstrating differential expression across subtypes and associations with poor patient outcomes. Further functional studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which SLC7A11 contributes to BC progression and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyanka Nath
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lutfi H. Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rokaya El-Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brendah K. Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Busra Erkan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ali Fakroun
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Xu K, Nnyamah C, Pandya N, Sweis N, Corona-Avila I, Priyadarshini M, Wicksteed B, Layden BT. β cell acetate production and release are negligible. Islets 2024; 16:2339558. [PMID: 38607959 PMCID: PMC11018053 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2024.2339558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are primarily produced from fermentation of fiber, regulate insulin secretion through free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFA2 and FFA3). As these are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), they have potential therapeutic value as targets for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D). The exact mechanism by which these receptors regulate insulin secretion and other aspects of pancreatic β cell function is unclear. It has been reported that glucose-dependent release of acetate from pancreatic β cells negatively regulates glucose stimulated insulin secretion. While these data raise the possibility of acetate's potential autocrine action on these receptors, these findings have not been independently confirmed, and multiple concerns exist with this observation, particularly the lack of specificity and precision of the acetate detection methodology used. METHODS Using Min6 cells and mouse islets, we assessed acetate and pyruvate production and secretion in response to different glucose concentrations, via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using Min6 cells and mouse islets, we showed that both intracellular pyruvate and acetate increased with high glucose conditions; however, intracellular acetate level increased only slightly and exclusively in Min6 cells but not in the islets. Further, extracellular acetate levels were not affected by the concentration of glucose in the incubation medium of either Min6 cells or islets. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not substantiate the glucose-dependent release of acetate from pancreatic β cells, and therefore, invalidate the possibility of an autocrine inhibitory effect on glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chioma Nnyamah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nupur Pandya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadia Sweis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene Corona-Avila
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barton Wicksteed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Morya AK, Ramesh PV, Nishant P, Kaur K, Gurnani B, Heda A, Salodia S. Diabetic retinopathy: A review on its pathophysiology and novel treatment modalities. World J Methodol 2024; 14:95881. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body, including in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), present in one-third of patients with diabetes, is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes, which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the light-sensitive inner retina, eventually leading to blindness. Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset, duration, types of diabetes, and ethnicity. Recent studies show that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has spread its roots beyond merely being the result of hyperglycemia. The complexity of its etiopathology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging. This review throws light on the pathological processes behind DR, the cascade of events that follow it, as well as the available and emerging treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Morya
- Head of the Department, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatesh Ramesh
- Glaucoma Medical Officer, Department of Glaucoma and Research, Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited, Trichy 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prateek Nishant
- Department of Ophthalmology, ESIC Medical College, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Gomabai Netralaya and Research Centre, Neemuch 458441, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Gurnani
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Gomabai Netralaya and Research Centre, Neemuch 458441, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aarti Heda
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology, Pune 411000, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarika Salodia
- Global Medical Safety, Lundbeck, Singapore 569933, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Li X, Hu C, Luo S, Dai F, Li C, Zhou W, Wang J, Chen H, Wang Z, Long T, Jiang L, Tang C. Cav3.2 deletion attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Gene 2024; 929:148812. [PMID: 39116959 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and represents the main cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cav3.2 is a T-type calcium channel that is widely present in tissues throughout the body and plays a vital role in energy and metabolic balance. However, the effects of Cav3.2 on the NFALD remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Cav3.2 channel in the development and progression of NAFLD. After 16 weeks on a high-fat diets (HFD), Cav3.2 knockout (Cav3.2 KO) improved hepatic steatosis, liver injury and metabolic syndrome in an NAFLD mouse model. We provided evidence that Cav3.2 KO inhibited HFD-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, Cav3.2 KO also attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis in palmitic acid/oleic acid (PAOA)-treated primary hepatocytes. These results suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting Cav3.2 provide effective approaches for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Departmentof Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Chengyun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Departmentof Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Departmentof Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Feibiao Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Departmentof Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Chuanyao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jiawu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Departmentof Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tengfei Long
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China.
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Chaoliang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Departmentof Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
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16
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Tian R, Tang S, Zhao J, Hao Y, Zhao L, Han X, Wang X, Zhang L, Li R, Zhou X. β-Hydroxybutyrate Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage via Regulating Ferroptosis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2354918. [PMID: 38757723 PMCID: PMC11104694 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2354918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a particularly potent antineoplastic drug. However, its usefulness is restricted due to the induction of nephrotoxicity. More recent research has indicated that β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) protects against acute or chronic organ damage as an efficient healing agent. Nonetheless, the therapeutic mechanisms of β-HB in acute kidney damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs remain unclear. Our study developed a model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), which involved the administration of a ketogenic diet or β-HB. We analyzed blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels in serum, and used western blotting and immunohistochemical staining to assess ferroptosis and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (Camkk2)/AMPK pathway. The mitochondrial morphology and function were examined. Additionally, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments using selective Camkk2 inhibitor or activator to investigate the protective mechanism of β-HB on cisplatin-induced AKI. Exogenous or endogenous β-HB effectively alleviated cisplatin-induced abnormally elevated levels of BUN and Cr and renal tubular necrosis in vivo. Additionally, β-HB reduced ferroptosis biomarkers and increased the levels of anti-ferroptosis biomarkers in the kidney. β-HB also improved mitochondrial morphology and function. Moreover, β-HB significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced cell ferroptosis and damage in vitro. Furthermore, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining indicated that β-HB may prevent kidney injury by regulating the Camkk2-AMPK pathway. The use of the Camkk2 inhibitor or activator verified the involvement of Camkk2 in the renal protection by β-HB. This study provided evidence of the protective effects of β-HB against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and identified inhibited ferroptosis and Camkk2 as potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
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17
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Lu J, Tang Z, Xu M, Lu J, Wang F, Ni X, Wang C, Yu B. Skeletal muscle cystathionine γ-lyase deficiency promotes obesity and insulin resistance and results in hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle injury upon HFD in mice. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2347139. [PMID: 38718286 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2347139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) contributes to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders using skeletal muscle Cth knockout (CthΔskm) mice. METHODS The CthΔskm mice and littermate Cth-floxed (Cthf/f) mice were fed with either HFD or chow diet for 13 weeks. Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis were used to assess the impact of CTH deficiency in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Metabolomics coupled with transcriptome showed that CthΔskm mice displayed impaired energy metabolism and some signaling pathways linked to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle although the mice had normal insulin sensitivity. HFD led to reduced CTH expression and impaired energy metabolism in skeletal muscle in Cthf/f mice. CTH deficiency and HFD had some common pathways enriched in the aspects of amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. CthΔskm+HFD mice exhibited increased body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and IR, and reduced glucose transporter 4 and CD36 expression in skeletal muscle compared to Cthf/f+HFD mice. Impaired mitochondria and irregular arrangement in myofilament occurred in CthΔskm+HFD mice. Omics analysis showed differential pathways enriched between CthΔskm mice and Cthf/f mice upon HFD. More severity in impaired energy metabolism, reduced AMPK signaling, and increased oxidative stress and ferroptosis occurred in CthΔskm+HFD mice compared to Cthf/f+HFD mice. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that skeletal muscle CTH expression dysregulation contributes to metabolism disorders upon HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengshan Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Re-Habilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Changnan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pan C, Zhao H, Cai X, Wu M, Qin B, Li J. The connection between autophagy and ferroptosis in AKI: recent advances regarding selective autophagy. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2379601. [PMID: 39099238 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2379601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant issue in public health, displaying a high occurrence rate and mortality rate. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by iron accumulation and intensified lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have demonstrated the pivotal significance of ferroptosis in AKI caused by diverse stimuli, including ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), sepsis and toxins. Autophagy, a multistep process that targets damaged organelles and macromolecules for degradation and recycling, also plays an essential role in AKI. Previous research has demonstrated that autophagy deletion in proximal tubules could aggravate tubular injury and renal function loss, indicating the protective function of autophagy in AKI. Consequently, finding ways to stimulate autophagy has become a crucial therapeutic strategy. The recent discovery of the role of selective autophagy in influencing ferroptosis has identified new therapeutic targets for AKI and has highlighted the importance of understanding the cross-talk between autophagy and ferroptosis. This study aims to provide an overview of the signaling pathways involved in ferroptosis and autophagy, focusing on the mechanisms and functions of selective autophagy and autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. We hope to establish a foundation for future investigations into the interaction between autophagy and ferroptosis in AKI as well as other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hairui Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Manyi Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Richards-Steed R, Wan N, Bakian A, Medina RM, Brewer SC, Smith KR, VanDerslice JA. Observational methods for human studies of transgenerational effects. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2366065. [PMID: 38870389 PMCID: PMC11178273 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2366065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There are substantial challenges in studying human transgenerational epigenetic outcomes resulting from environmental conditions. The task requires specialized methods and tools that incorporate specific knowledge of multigenerational relationship combinations of probands and their ancestors, phenotype data for individuals, environmental information of ancestors and their descendants, which can span historical to present datasets, and informative environmental data that chronologically aligns with ancestors and descendants over space and time. As a result, there are few epidemiologic studies of potential transgenerational effects in human populations, thus limiting the knowledge of ancestral environmental conditions and the potential impacts we face with modern human health outcomes. In an effort to overcome some of the challenges in studying human transgenerational effects, we present two transgenerational study designs: transgenerational space-time cluster detection and transgenerational case-control study design. Like other epidemiological methods, these methods determine whether there are statistical associations between phenotypic outcomes (e.g., adverse health outcomes) among probands and the shared environments and environmental factors facing their ancestors. When the ancestor is a paternal grandparent, a statistically significant association provides some evidence that a transgenerational inheritable factor may be involved. Such results may generate useful hypotheses that can be explored using epigenomic data to establish conclusive evidence of transgenerational heritable effects. Both methods are proband-centric: They are designed around the phenotype of interest in the proband generation for case selection and family pedigree creation. In the examples provided, we incorporate at least three generations of paternal lineage in both methods to observe a potential transgenerational effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neng Wan
- Geography, University of Utah Department of Geography, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda Bakian
- Psychiatry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard M. Medina
- Geography, University of Utah Department of Geography, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Simon C. Brewer
- Geography, University of Utah Department of Geography, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R. Smith
- Child and Consumer Studies, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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20
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Groti Antonič K, Zitzmann M. Novel perspectives of testosterone therapy in men with functional hypogonadism: traversing the gaps of knowledge. Aging Male 2024; 27:2296460. [PMID: 38149634 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2296460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past decade, there has been a significant augmentation in the corpus of evidence pertaining to functional hypogonadism. Despite this, prevailing clinical guidelines continue to advise against the universal screening for hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly males. FINDINGS Numerous randomized controlled trials have scrutinized the effects of testosterone therapy in males afflicted with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. However, these guidelines uniformly assert that lifestyle modifications and weight reduction should be the primary intervention strategies in overweight and obese males, relegating testosterone therapy to a secondary, selective option. It is extensively documented that testosterone therapy can yield substantial improvements in various metabolic parameters as well as ameliorate symptoms of erectile dysfunction. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of testosterone therapy in reversing type 2 diabetes in males with low-normal testosterone levels who are at elevated risk for this condition, in comparison to the outcomes achievable through lifestyle modifications alone. CONCLUSION This focused review article aims to present a comprehensive update on the latest data concerning the innovative aspects of testosterone therapy in males with functional hypogonadism, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. Additionally, it will delve into the cardiovascular safety of such interventions within this high-risk demographic, with a special emphasis on insights gleaned from the TRAVERSE trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Groti Antonič
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Zitzmann
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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21
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Zhu F, Xu Q, Huang L, Zhu J, Huang L, Zhang Y. Effects of growth hormone therapy on the onset and progression of pubertal development in girls with idiopathic short stature. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2358227. [PMID: 38807420 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2358227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the impact of growth hormone (GH) therapy on the onset and progression of puberty in girls with idiopathic short stature. METHODS This study included 541 girls aged between 4.5 and 10.6 years who were receiving GH treatment, monitored over a 22-year follow-up period. Of these, 126 girls have been followed up to the onset of menarche. The participants were divided into two groups: a ISS control group (n = 66) and a group receiving daily GH treatment at a dose of 0.15 iu/kg (n = 60). We assessed the pubertal development and GH usage of these girls every three months. RESULTS (1) There was no significant difference in the onset of puberty between the growth hormone (GH) treatment group and the control group; however, the average duration of puberty was longer in the treatment group compared to the control group. (2) During puberty, there were no significant differences in height growth between the treated and untreated groups. (3) The duration of GH treatment showed a significant negative correlation with the age at onset of gonadal development and the age at menarche in females within the treatment group. CONCLUSION GH treatment does not seem to accelerate the onset of puberty but may extend its duration, without significantly impacting height growth during puberty. Additionally, longer GH treatment duration is linked to earlier gonadal development and menarche in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieqian Zhu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Boczki P, Colombo M, Weiner J, Rapöhn I, Lacher M, Kiess W, Hanschkow M, Körner A, Landgraf K. Inhibition of AHCY impedes proliferation and differentiation of mouse and human adipocyte progenitor cells. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2290218. [PMID: 38064408 PMCID: PMC10732623 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2290218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-homocysteine-hydrolase (AHCY) plays an important role in the methionine cycle regulating cellular methylation levels. AHCY has been reported to influence proliferation and differentiation processes in different cell types, e.g. in cancer cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. In the development of adipose tissue, both the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) are important processes, which in the context of obesity are often dysregulated. To assess whether AHCY might also be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation of APCs, we investigated the effect of reduced AHCY activity on human and mouse APCs in vitro. We show that the inhibition of AHCY using adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx) and the knockdown of AHCY using gene-specific siRNAs reduced APC proliferation and number. Inhibition of AHCY further reduced APC differentiation into mature adipocytes and the expression of adipogenic differentiation markers. Global DNA methylation profiling in human APCs revealed that inhibition of AHCY is associated with alterations in CpG methylation levels of genes involved in fat cell differentiation and pathways related to cellular growth. Our findings suggest that AHCY is necessary for the maintenance of APC proliferation and differentiation and inhibition of AHCY alters DNA methylation processes leading to a dysregulation of the expression of genes involved in the regulation of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Boczki
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Colombo
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martha Hanschkow
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Han N, Chang XY, Yuan ZL, Wang YZ. Expression and correlation analysis of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and pyroptosis factor in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2311809. [PMID: 38326276 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2311809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Globally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising each year, yet its pathophysiology is still unclear. To shed new light on the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and perhaps uncover new therapeutic targets, this study looked at the expression levels and correlations of SIRT1, SREBP1, and pyroptosis factors like NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1, and IL-18 in patients with GDM. METHODS This study involved a comparative analysis between two groups. The GDM group consisted of 50 GDM patients and the control group included 50 pregnant women with normal pregnancies. Detailed case data were collected for all participants. We utilized real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot techniques to assess the expression levels of SIRT1 and SREBP1 in placental tissues from both groups. Additionally, we employed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the serum levels of SIRT1, SREBP1, and pyroptosis factors, namely NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, in the patients of both groups. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations between these factors and clinical. RESULTS The results showed that there were significantly lower expression levels of SIRT1 in both GDM group placental tissue and serum compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the expression of SREBP1 was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the serum levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly elevated in the GDM group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The expression of SIRT1 exhibited negative correlations with the expression of FPG, OGTT-1h, FINS, HOMA-IR, SREBP1, IL-1β, and IL-18. However, there was no significant correlation between SIRT1 expression and OGTT-2h, NLRP3, or Caspase-1. On the other hand, the expression of SREBP1 was positively correlated with the expression of IL-1β, Caspase-1, and IL-18, but has no apparent correlation with NLRP3. CONCLUSIONS Low SIRT1 levels and high SREBP1 levels in placental tissue and serum, coupled with elevated levels of pyroptosis factors NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in serum, may be linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, these three factors appear to correlate with each other in the pathogenesis of GDM, offering potential directions for future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Li Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Xu YP, Fu JC, Hong ZL, Zeng DF, Guo CQ, Li P, Wu JX. Psychological stressors involved in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency and potential intervention measures. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2360085. [PMID: 38813955 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2360085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common gynecological endocrine disease, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and fertility, and its incidence is increasing year by year. With the development of social economy and technology, psychological stressors such as anxiety and depression caused by social, life and environmental factors may be one of the risk factors for POI. We used PubMed to search peer-reviewed original English manuscripts published over the last 10 years to identify established and experimental studies on the relationship between various types of stress and decreased ovarian function. Oxidative stress, follicular atresia, and excessive activation of oocytes, caused by Stress-associated factors may be the main causes of ovarian function damage. This article reviews the relationship between psychological stressors and hypoovarian function and the possible early intervention measures in order to provide new ideas for future clinical treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chun Fu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Hong
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - De-Fei Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chao-Qin Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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25
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Chen G, Wang Y, Wang X. Insulin-related traits and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2337-2344. [PMID: 38867724 PMCID: PMC11167198 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the causal relationship between insulin secretion and prostate cancer (PCa) development is challenging due to the multifactorial nature of PCa, which complicates the isolation of the specific impact of insulin-related factors. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the associations between insulin secretion-related traits and PCa. We used 36, 60, 56, 23, 48, and 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity, proinsulin, and proinsulin in nondiabetic individuals, individuals with diabetes, and individuals receiving exogenous insulin, respectively. These SNPs were selected from various genome-wide association studies. To clarify the causal relationship between insulin-related traits and PCa, we utilized a multivariable MR analysis to adjust for obesity and body fat percentage. Additionally, two-step Mendelian randomization was conducted to assess the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the relationship between proinsulin and PCa. Two-sample MR analysis revealed strong associations between genetically predicted fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity, proinsulin, and proinsulin in nondiabetic individuals and the development of PCa. After adjustment for obesity and body fat percentage using multivariable MR analysis, proinsulin remained significantly associated with PCa, whereas other factors were not. Furthermore, two-step MR analysis demonstrated that proinsulin acts as a negative factor in prostate carcinogenesis, largely independent of IGF-1. This study provides evidence suggesting that proinsulin may act as a negative factor contributing to the development of PCa. Novel therapies targeting proinsulin may have potential benefits for PCa patients, potentially reducing the need for unnecessary surgical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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26
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Kuang C, Shang J, Ma M, Huang S, Yan B, Zhong Y, Guan B, Gong J, Liu F, Chen L. Risk factors and clinical prediction models for osteoporosis in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2361802. [PMID: 38874080 PMCID: PMC11182074 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2361802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has been overlooked, and the risk factors of osteoporosis in these patients have not been adequately studied. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for osteoporosis in pre-dialysis CKD patients and develop predictive models to estimate the likelihood of osteoporosis. METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density, and clinical examination results were collected from 326 pre-dialysis CKD patients. Binary logistic regression was employed to explore the risk factors associated with osteoporosis and develop predictive models. RESULTS In this cohort, 53.4% (n = 174) were male, 46.6% (n = 152) were female, and 21.8% (n = 71) were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Among those diagnosed with osteoporosis, 67.6% (n = 48) were female and 32.4% (n = 23) were male. Older age and low 25-(OH)-Vitamin D levels were identified as risk factors for osteoporosis in males. For females, older age, being underweight, higher bone alkaline phosphatase (NBAP), and advanced CKD (G5) were significant risk factors, while higher iPTH was protective. Older age, being underweight, and higher NBAP were risk factors for osteoporosis in the G1-4 subgroup. In the G5 subgroup, older age and higher NBAP increased the risk, while high 25-(OH)-Vitamin D or iPTH had protective effects. Nomogram models were developed to assess osteoporosis risk in pre-dialysis patients based on gender and renal function stage. CONCLUSION Risk factors for osteoporosis vary by gender and renal function stages. The nomogram clinical prediction models we constructed may aid in the rapid screening of patients at high risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Kuang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjie Shang
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengling Huang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhong
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baozhang Guan
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangmei Chen
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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27
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Habeshian TS, Cannavale KL, Slezak JM, Shu YH, Chien GW, Chen X, Shi F, Siegmund KD, Van Den Eeden SK, Huang J, Chao CR. DNA methylation markers for risk of metastasis in a cohort of men with localized prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2308920. [PMID: 38525786 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2308920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying life-threatening prostate cancer (PCa) at time of diagnosis remains an unsolved problem. We evaluated whether DNA methylation status of selected candidate genes can predict the risk of metastasis beyond clinical risk factors in men with untreated PCa. A nested case-control study was conducted among men diagnosed with localized PCa at Kaiser Permanente California between 01/01/1997-12/31/2006 who did not receive curative treatments. Cases were those who developed metastasis within 10 years from diagnosis. Controls were selected using density sampling. Ninety-eight candidate genes were selected from functional categories of cell cycle control, metastasis/tumour suppressors, cell signalling, cell adhesion/motility/invasion, angiogenesis, and immune function, and 41 from pluripotency genes. Cancer DNA from diagnostic biopsy blocks were extracted and analysed. Associations of methylation status were assessed using CpG site level and principal components-based analysis in conditional logistic regressions. In 215 cases and 404 controls, 27 candidate genes were found to be statistically significant in at least one of the two analytical approaches. The agreement between the methods was 25.9% (7 candidate genes, including 2 pluripotency markers). The DNA methylation status of several candidate genes was significantly associated with risk of metastasis in untreated localized PCa patients. These findings may inform future risk prediction models for PCa metastasis beyond clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar S Habeshian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Cannavale
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Slezak
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Biostatistics and Innovations, Biostatistics and Programming, Clinical Affairs, Inari Medical, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Chien
- Department of Urology, Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - XuFeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chun R Chao
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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28
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Nong J, Li H, Yang Y, Lu Q, Sun Y, Yin Q, He H. Low serum hepcidin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence from meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2375568. [PMID: 38976752 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2375568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron metabolism plays a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite the importance of hepcidin, a key iron regulator, current research on serum hepcidin levels in PCOS patients shows conflicting results. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database were systematically searched from their inception to 9 September 2023. The search aimed to identify studies in English and Chinese that examined hepcidin levels in women with PCOS compared to healthy control subjects. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the difference in serum hepcidin levels between women with and without PCOS. RESULTS The meta-analysis included a total of 10 eligible studies, which encompassed 499 PCOS patients and 391 control subjects. The pooled analysis revealed a significant reduction in serum hepcidin levels among the PCOS patients compared to the healthy controls (SMD = -3.49, 95% CI: -4.68 to -2.30, p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in serum hepcidin levels between PCOS patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 and those with a BMI ≥ 25 (p > .05). CONCLUSION The serum hepcidin levels of women with PCOS were significantly lower than those of healthy controls, which suggests that serum hepcidin could be a potential biomarker for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieou Nong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiujie Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hongying He
- Department of Gynecology, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
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Martinez ME, Karaczyn A, Wu Z, Bennett CA, Matoin KL, Daigle HM, Hernandez A. Transgenerational epigenetic self-memory of Dio3 dosage is associated with Meg3 methylation and altered growth trajectories and neonatal hormones. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2376948. [PMID: 38991122 PMCID: PMC11244338 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2376948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic effects resulting from conditions in previous generations can contribute to environmental adaptation as well as disease susceptibility. Previous studies in rodent and human models have shown that abnormal developmental exposure to thyroid hormone affects endocrine function and thyroid hormone sensitivity in later generations. Since the imprinted type 3 deiodinase gene (Dio3) regulates sensitivity to thyroid hormones, we hypothesize its epigenetic regulation is altered in descendants of thyroid hormone overexposed individuals. Using DIO3-deficient mice as a model of developmental thyrotoxicosis, we investigated Dio3 total and allelic expression and growth and endocrine phenotypes in descendants. We observed that male and female developmental overexposure to thyroid hormone altered total and allelic Dio3 expression in genetically intact descendants in a tissue-specific manner. This was associated with abnormal growth and neonatal levels of thyroid hormone and leptin. Descendant mice also exhibited molecular abnormalities in the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted domain, including increased methylation in Meg3 and altered foetal brain expression of other genes of the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted domain. These molecular abnormalities were also observed in the tissues and germ line of DIO3-deficient ancestors originally overexposed to thyroid hormone in utero. Our results provide a novel paradigm of epigenetic self-memory by which Dio3 gene dosage in a given individual, and its dependent developmental exposure to thyroid hormone, influences its own expression in future generations. This mechanism of epigenetic self-correction of Dio3 expression in each generation may be instrumental in descendants for their adaptive programming of developmental growth and adult endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Aldona Karaczyn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Zhaofei Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Christian A. Bennett
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Kassey L. Matoin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather M. Daigle
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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He Q, Guo X, Lv W, Cui J, Meng J, Gao X, Ma J, Zhou N, Cao Y. Follicular fluid lipidomics analysis reveals altered lipid signatures in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2378489. [PMID: 39016329 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2378489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research investigates the metabolic profiles of follicular fluid (FF) samples from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilisation and aims to identify diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCOS through lipidomic analysis. METHODS We performed non-targeted lipid analysis of FF samples from women with PCOS (n = 6) and normal controls (n = 6) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differential lipids between the two groups were screened using multidimensional statistical analysis, followed by fold change analysis and t-tests to identify potential PCOS biomarkers. RESULTS Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in FF lipid levels between the PCOS and control groups. Five different lipids were selected as standards, with p < .05. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main differentially expressed lipid, was significantly increased in the FF of the POCS group and was closely related to other lipids. CONCLUSIONS Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we investigated lipid biomarkers based on FF lipidomics to provide useful information for the discovery of diagnostic markers for PCOS. Our study identified five distinct lipids as potential markers of PCOS, with PC being the primary aberrant lipid found in the FF of patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junchao Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Cao
- Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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Siboto A, Ludidi A, Sibiya N, Khathi A, Ngubane P. Maternal prediabetes as a risk factor of preeclampsia and placental dysfunction in pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2379498. [PMID: 39084241 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2379498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes (PD) is associated with intermediate hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and moderate hypertension. All these factors are risk factor for preeclampsia (PE). However, the effects of the PD on placental function have not been shown. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate a possible link between maternal PD and the risk of developing PE. METHODS Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 18) were divided into normal, preeclamptic and prediabetic groups (n = 6 in each group) to study the effects of maternal PD on placenta function over the period of 19 days. Blood glucose and blood pressure were measured on gestational day (GND) 0, 9 and 18. Placental vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placenta growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) mRNA expression were measured terminally. Data were analysed using ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Values of p < .05 were used to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS Maternal PD and PE significantly increased blood glucose, decrease NO concentration and increase in MAP by comparison to the normal pregnant control group. Maternal PD significantly decreased VEGF, PlGF mRNA expression with a slight increase in sFlt-1 mRNA expression comparison to the normal pregnant control group. CONCLUSIONS Maternal PD is associated with placental dysfunction due to impaired glucose handling, endothelial dysfunction and an imbalance in angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Therefore, maternal PD is a risk factor of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliswe Siboto
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Asiphaphola Ludidi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Zhang Y, Feng H, Li X, Chen Q, Shao R, Wang C, Gao Y. Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2375564. [PMID: 38976721 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2375564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively assess the dose-response association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched up to May 29, 2024. Studies with at least three exposure categories were included. Dose-response analysis was also performed when covariates were adjusted in the included studies. RESULTS Thirteen studies involving 39,720 pregnant women were included. A linear relationship was found between GI and the risk of GDM (χ2 = 4.77, Pnon-linearity = .0923). However, association was not significant (χ2 = 0.06, p = .8000). For every unit increase in GI (range 0-30), GDM risk increased by 0.29%. After adjusting for covariates, the linear relationship persisted (χ2 = 4.95, Pnon-linearity = .084) with no significant association (χ2 = 0.08, p = .7775). For GL, a linear relationship was also found (χ2 = 4.17, Pnon-linearity =.1245), but GL was not significantly associated with GDM risk (χ2 = 2.63, p = .1049). The risk of GDM increased by 0.63% per unit increase in GL. After covariate adjustment, a significant association was observed (χ2 = 6.28, p = .0122). CONCLUSION No significant association between GI and GDM risk was found. After adjusting for covariates, GL shows a significant association with GDM risk. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering dietary GL in managing the risk of GDM. Future research should continue to explore these relationships with standardized diagnostic criteria and robust adjustment for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanrong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruyue Shao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimeng Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Liaocheng, China
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Lai TH, Hwang JS, Ngo QN, Lee DK, Kim HJ, Kim DR. A comparative assessment of reference genes in mouse brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis in vitro. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2330355. [PMID: 38527945 PMCID: PMC10965104 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2330355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergo dynamic processes, altering phenotypes and gene expressions. Proper reference genes in gene expression analysis are crucial to mitigate experimental variances and ensure PCR efficacy. Unreliable reference genes can lead to erroneous gene expression quantification, resulting in data misinterpretation. This study focused on identifying suitable reference genes for mouse brown adipocyte research, utilizing brown adipocytes from the Ucp1-luciferase ThermoMouse model. Comparative analysis of gene expression data under adipogenesis and thermogenesis conditions was conducted, validating 13 housekeeping genes through various algorithms, including DeltaCq, BestKeeper, geNorm, Normfinder, and RefFinder. Tbp and Rer1 emerged as optimal references for Ucp1 and Pparg expression in brown adipogenesis, while Tbp and Ubc were ideal for the expression analysis of these target genes in thermogenesis. Conversely, certain conventional references, including Actb, Tubb5, and Gapdh, proved unstable as reference genes under both conditions. These findings stress the critical consideration of reference gene selection in gene expression analysis within specific biological systems to ensure accurate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Quang Nhat Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
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Hirst JE, Boniface JJ, Le DP, Polpitiya AD, Fox AC, Vu TTK, Dang TT, Fleischer TC, Bui NTH, Hickok DE, Kearney PE, Thwaites G, Kennedy SH, Kestelyn E, Le TQ. Validating the ratio of insulin like growth factor binding protein 4 to sex hormone binding globulin as a prognostic predictor of preterm birth in Viet Nam: a case-cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2333923. [PMID: 38584143 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2333923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a serum biomarker developed in the USA for preterm birth (PTB) risk stratification in Viet Nam. METHODS Women with singleton pregnancies (n = 5000) were recruited between 19+0-23+6 weeks' gestation at Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Maternal serum was collected from 19+0-22+6 weeks' gestation and participants followed to neonatal discharge. Relative insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) abundances were measured by mass spectrometry and their ratio compared between PTB cases and term controls. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and calibration for PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation were tested, with model tuning using clinical factors. Measured outcomes included all PTBs (any birth ≤37 weeks' gestation) and spontaneous PTBs (birth ≤37 weeks' gestation with clinical signs of initiation of parturition). RESULTS Complete data were available for 4984 (99.7%) individuals. The cohort PTB rate was 6.7% (n = 335). We observed an inverse association between the IGFBP4/SHBG ratio and gestational age at birth (p = 0.017; AUC 0.60 [95% CI, 0.53-0.68]). Including previous PTB (for multiparous women) or prior miscarriage (for primiparous women) improved performance (AUC 0.65 and 0.70, respectively, for PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation). Optimal performance (AUC 0.74) was seen within 19-20 weeks' gestation, for BMI >21 kg/m2 and age 20-35 years. CONCLUSION We have validated a novel serum biomarker for PTB risk stratification in a very different setting to the original study. Further research is required to determine appropriate ratio thresholds based on the prevalence of risk factors and the availability of resources and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Hirst
- Department of Global Women's Health, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dung Puhong Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Angela C Fox
- Sera Prognostics, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thi Thai Kim Vu
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan Trong Dang
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nhu Thi Hong Bui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Guy Thwaites
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Evelyne Kestelyn
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thanh Quang Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Oğlak SC, Yılmaz EZ, Budak MŞ. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness combined with a 50-g glucose challenge test at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2329880. [PMID: 38516715 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2329880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation aimed to analyse the efficacy of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (ASFT) value >18.1 mm combined with a 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) between 24-28 weeks of gestation in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cases. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2021 to December 2022. All pregnant women received a 50-g GCT at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy for the GDM screening. Pregnant women with a blood glucose value between 140-190 mg/dl experienced 100 g OGTT. Even if 50-g GCT was normal, 100-g OGTT was offered to patients with an ASFT value above 18.1 mm. RESULTS Among the 728 pregnant women we enrolled, 154 (21.2%) cases were screened as positive. The number of patients who first screened positive and determined to be GDM after the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was 43 (5.9%). A total of 67 cases (9.2%) had an ASFT measurement above 18.1 mm. Two cases with a negative 50-g GCT and ASFT <18.1 mm were diagnosed as GDM in the later weeks of pregnancy. A 50-g GCT combined with ASFT measurement above 18.1 mm predicted GDM with a sensitivity of 87.9%, a specificity of 88.7%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 36.0%, and a negative PV (NPV) of 99.7%. CONCLUSIONS A 50-g GCT combined with ASFT measurement that can be easily and accurately obtained during routine antenatal care in the second trimester might be a beneficial indicator for predicting GDM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Cemil Oğlak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Health Sciences University, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Emine Zeynep Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bahçelievler Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şükrü Budak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Private Can Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Chen Y, Bai X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ma H, Yang Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Li X, Wu T, Zhang Y, Kong H, Zhao Y, Qu H. Zingiberis rhizoma-based carbon dots alter serum oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in female mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:12-22. [PMID: 37994799 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2276770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Chinese herbs contain substances that regulate female hormones. Our study confirmed that Zingiberis rhizoma carbonisata contains Zingiberis rhizoma-based carbon dots (ZR-CDs), which exert regulatory effects on serum oestradiol and FSH in mice and show impacts on endometrial growth and follicular development that potentially affect the ability of female fertility. ZR-CDs were characterized to clarify the microstructure, optical features, and functional group characteristics. It shows that ZR-CDs are spherical carbon nanostructures ranging from 0.97 to 2.3 nm in diameter, with fluorescent properties and a surface rich in functional groups. We further investigated the impact of ZR-CDs on oestradiol and FSH in serum, growth, and the development of ovarian and uterine using normal female mice and exogenous oestradiol intervention model. It was observed that ZR-CDs accelerated oestrogen metabolism and attenuated oestradiol-induced endometrial hyperplasia. Simultaneously, ZR-CDs triggered an increase in FSH, even in the presence of high-serum oestradiol that inhibits FSH secretion. Our findings suggest that ZR-CDs could be a potential therapeutic treatment for anovulatory menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huagen Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huaihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Jing D, Liu J, Qin D, Lin J, Li T, Li Y, Duan M. Obeticholic acid ameliorates sepsis-induced renal mitochondrial damage by inhibiting the NF-κb signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2368090. [PMID: 39108162 PMCID: PMC11308967 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2368090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common complication of sepsis, might be caused by overactivated inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced AKI (SAKI) have not been fully elucidated, and there is a lack of effective therapies for AKI. To this end, this study aimed to investigate whether obeticholic acid (OCA) has a renoprotective effect on SAKI and to explore its mechanism of action. Through bioinformatics analysis, our study confirmed that the mitochondria might be a critical target for the treatment of SAKI. Thus, a septic rat model was established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) surgery. Our results showed an evoked inflammatory response via the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in septic rats, which led to mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. OCA, an Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) agonist, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in numerous studies. However, the effects of OCA on SAKI remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that pretreatment with OCA can inhibit the inflammatory response by reducing the synthesis of proinflammatory factors (such as IL-1β and NLRP3) via blocking NF-κB and alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in the septic rat model. Overall, this study provides insight into the excessive inflammation-induced SAKI caused by mitochondrial damage and evidence for the potential use of OCA in SAKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang XY, Jiang D, Wang YZ, Duan MY, Huang YW, Wang XJ, Xiang ZM, Sheng J, Zhu QQ. Chlorogenic acid alleviates renal fibrosis by reducing lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney disease through suppressing the Notch1 and Stat3 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2371988. [PMID: 38952291 PMCID: PMC11221469 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2371988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abnormal renal lipid metabolism causes renal lipid deposition, which leads to the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CA) on reducing renal lipid accumulation and improving DKD renal fibrosis. METHODS This study evaluated the effects of CA on renal fibrosis, lipid deposition and lipid metabolism by constructing in vitro and in vivo models of DKD, and detected the improvement of Notch1 and Stat3 signaling pathways. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between CA and the extracellular domain NRR1 of Notch1 protein. RESULTS In vitro studies have shown that CA decreased the expression of Fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-smad3/smad3, alleviated lipid deposition, promoted the expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A (CPT1A), and inhibited the expression of cholesterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). The expression of Notch1, Cleaved Notch1, Hes1, and p-stat3/stat3 were inhibited. These results suggested that CA might reduce intercellular lipid deposition in human kidney cells (HK2) by inhibiting Notch1 and stat3 signaling pathways, thereby improving fibrosis. Further, in vivo studies demonstrated that CA improved renal fibrosis and renal lipid deposition in DKD mice by inhibiting Notch1 and stat3 signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking experiments showed that the binding energy of CA and NRR1 was -6.6 kcal/mol, which preliminarily predicted the possible action of CA on Notch1 extracellular domain NRR1. CONCLUSION CA reduces renal lipid accumulation and improves DKD renal fibrosis by inhibiting Notch1 and stat3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Die Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-zhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei-yan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye-wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan-jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Ze-min Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang-qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Marino L, Ni B, Farrar JS, Lownik JC, Pearce JV, Martin RK, Celi FS. Adipose tissue-selective ablation of ADAM10 results in divergent metabolic phenotypes following long-term dietary manipulation. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2339418. [PMID: 38706095 PMCID: PMC11073419 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2339418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), is involved in several metabolic and inflammatory pathways. We speculated that ADAM10 plays a modulatory role in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. To this end, we studied adipose tissue-specific ADAM10 knock-out mice (aKO). While young, regular chow diet-fed aKO mice showed increased insulin sensitivity, following prolonged (33 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD) exposure, aKO mice developed obesity and insulin resistance. Compared to controls, aKO mice showed less inflammatory adipokine profile despite the significant increase in adiposity. In brown adipose tissue, aKO mice on HFD had changes in CD8+ T cell populations indicating a lesser inflammatory pattern. Following HFD, both aKO and control littermates demonstrated decreased adipose tissue pro-inflammatory macrophages, and increased anti-inflammatory accumulation, without differences between the genotypes. Collectively, our observations indicate that selective deletion of ADAM10 in adipocytes results in a mitigated inflammatory response, leading to increased insulin sensitivity in young mice fed with regular diet. This state of insulin sensitivity, following prolonged HFD, facilitates energy storage resulting in increased fat accumulation which ultimately leads to the development of a phenotype of obesity and insulin resistance. In conclusion, the data indicate that ADAM10 has a modulatory effect of inflammation and whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Alliance Pharma, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared S. Farrar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Janina V. Pearce
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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van Vliet MM, Schoenmakers S, Gribnau J, Steegers-Theunissen RP. The one-carbon metabolism as an underlying pathway for placental DNA methylation - a systematic review. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2318516. [PMID: 38484284 PMCID: PMC10950272 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2318516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are proposed mechanisms explaining the impact of parental exposures to foetal development and lifelong health. Micronutrients including folate, choline, and vitamin B12 provide methyl groups for the one-carbon metabolism and subsequent DNA methylation processes. Placental DNA methylation changes in response to one-carbon moieties hold potential targets to improve obstetrical care. We conducted a systematic review on the associations between one-carbon metabolism and human placental DNA methylation. We included 22 studies. Findings from clinical studies with minimal ErasmusAGE quality score 5/10 (n = 15) and in vitro studies (n = 3) are summarized for different one-carbon moieties. Next, results are discussed per study approach: (1) global DNA methylation (n = 9), (2) genome-wide analyses (n = 4), and (3) gene specific (n = 14). Generally, one-carbon moieties were not associated with global methylation, although conflicting outcomes were reported specifically for choline. Using genome-wide approaches, few differentially methylated sites associated with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), or dietary patterns. Most studies taking a gene-specific approach indicated site-specific relationships depending on studied moiety and genomic region, specifically in genes involved in growth and development including LEP, NR3C1, CRH, and PlGF; however, overlap between studies was low. Therefore, we recommend to further investigate the impact of an optimized one-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation and lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M van Vliet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Sheng A, Liu F, Wang Q, Fu H, Mao J. The roles of TRPC6 in renal tubular disorders: a narrative review. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2376929. [PMID: 39022902 PMCID: PMC11259070 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2376929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel, a nonselective cation channel that allows the passage of Ca2+, plays an important role in renal diseases. TRPC6 is activated by Ca2+ influx, oxidative stress, and mechanical stress. Studies have shown that in addition to glomerular diseases, TRPC6 can contribute to renal tubular disorders, such as acute kidney injury, renal interstitial fibrosis, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the tubule-specific physiological functions of TRPC6 have not yet been elucidated. Its pathophysiological role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is debatable. Thus, TRPC6 may have dual roles in I/R injury. TRPC6 induces renal fibrosis and immune cell infiltration in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. Additionally, TRPC6 overexpression may modify G2 phase transition, thus altering the DNA damage checkpoint, which can cause genomic instability and RCC tumorigenesis and can control the proliferation of RCC cells. This review highlights the importance of TRPC6 in various conditions of the renal tubular system. To better understand certain renal disorders and ultimately identify new therapeutic targets to improve patient care, the pathophysiology of TRPC6 must be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Sun Y, Zhu C, Huang L, Luo C, Ju P, Chen J. Identification of key modules in metabolic syndrome induced by second-generation antipsychotics based on co-expression network analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:723-731. [PMID: 38292473 PMCID: PMC10826125 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) frequently cause metabolic syndrome (MetS), which raises the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, morbid obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. MetS also impairs cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. However, the fundamental reasons of MetS caused by SGAs are not yet fully understood. Thus, we aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS induced by SGAs. Methods The serum biochemical parameters and the RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in three groups (healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia with and without MetS taking SGAs). The study of the weighted gene co-expression network was utilized to pinpoint modules that were significantly connected to clinical markers. Results Statistical analysis showed significant differences in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein among the three groups. The TNF signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were the pathways that were primarily enriched in the two unique co-expression network modules that were found. Finally, five specific genes (TNF, CXCL8, IL1B, TIMP1, and ESR1) associated with metabolism and immunity pathways were identified. Conclusions This study indicated that SGAs differentially induced MetS of patients with schizophrenia through metabolic and inflammation-related pathways. Therefore, the potential side effects of drugs on inflammatory processes need to be considered when using SGAs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lixuan Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Antonio J, Newmire DE, Stout JR, Antonio B, Gibbons M, Lowery LM, Harper J, Willoughby D, Evans C, Anderson D, Goldstein E, Rojas J, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Forbes SC, Gomez Lopez J, Ziegenfuss T, Moulding BD, Candow D, Sagner M, Arent SM. Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2323919. [PMID: 38466174 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2323919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid that has a plethora of evidence highlighting its positive effects. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "caffeine" and "exercise" yields over 200,000 results, emphasizing the extensive research on this topic. However, despite the vast amount of available data, it is intriguing that uncertainties persist regarding the effectiveness and safety of caffeine. These include but are not limited to: 1. Does caffeine dehydrate you at rest? 2. Does caffeine dehydrate you during exercise? 3. Does caffeine promote the loss of body fat? 4. Does habitual caffeine consumption influence the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation? 5. Does caffeine affect upper vs. lower body performance/strength differently? 6. Is there a relationship between caffeine and depression? 7. Can too much caffeine kill you? 8. Are there sex differences regarding caffeine's effects? 9. Does caffeine work for everyone? 10. Does caffeine cause heart problems? 11. Does caffeine promote the loss of bone mineral? 12. Should pregnant women avoid caffeine? 13. Is caffeine addictive? 14. Does waiting 1.5-2.0 hours after waking to consume caffeine help you avoid the afternoon "crash?" To answer these questions, we performed an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding caffeine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Daniel E Newmire
- Texas Woman's University, Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- University of Central Florida, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brandi Antonio
- University of Central Florida, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Lonnie M Lowery
- Nutrition, Exercise and Wellness Associates, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Harper
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Darryn Willoughby
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Cassandra Evans
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Anderson
- Indiana Tech, Exercise and Sport Performance Laboratory, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Erica Goldstein
- Stetson University, Department of Health Sciences, Deland, FL, USA
| | - Jose Rojas
- Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Universidad de O´Higgins, Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Laboratory. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Rancagua, Chile
- Motion Human Performance Laboratory, Lo Barnechea, Chile
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Brandon University, Department of Physical Education Studies, CBrandon, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tim Ziegenfuss
- The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Canfield, OH, USA
| | - Blake D Moulding
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Darren Candow
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Shawn M Arent
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
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Cevik Dogan M, Yoldemir T. The association between female sexual function and metabolic features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in Turkish women of reproductive age. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2362249. [PMID: 38913084 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2362249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between female sexual function and metabolic features among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during reproductive age. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study in which 288 women with PCOS and 180 women without PCOS between the ages of 20 and 40 years were evaluated. All women had serum total testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA-S, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels analyzed. The McCoy Female Sexual Questionnaire (MFSQ) was applied to all studied women. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were done after data collection. The factor loadings of MFSQ domains were compared between women with PCOS and controls. RESULTS Average factor loadings of the MFSQ sexuality domain and MFSQ sexual partner domain were significantly lower in the PCOS group when compared to controls. There was no correlation between the two sexual function domains of the MFSQ and the PCOS features either in the PCOS group or the controls. CONCLUSION PCOS is a heterogeneous disease with different metabolic components, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperandrogenism. Although sexual function among women with PCOS was lower than controls, no differences were found in metabolic features of the PCOS and non-PCOS groups with relation to sexual function determined by the MFSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Cevik Dogan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Tuzla State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Yoldemir
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Schwartzman JD, McCall M, Ghattas Y, Pugazhendhi AS, Wei F, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Seal S, Coathup MJ. Multifunctional scaffolds for bone repair following age-related biological decline: Promising prospects for smart biomaterial-driven technologies. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122683. [PMID: 38954959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The repair of large bone defects due to trauma, disease, and infection can be exceptionally challenging in the elderly. Despite best clinical practice, bone regeneration within contemporary, surgically implanted synthetic scaffolds is often problematic, inconsistent, and insufficient where additional osteobiological support is required to restore bone. Emergent smart multifunctional biomaterials may drive important and dynamic cellular crosstalk that directly targets, signals, stimulates, and promotes an innate bone repair response following age-related biological decline and when in the presence of disease or infection. However, their role remains largely undetermined. By highlighting their mechanism/s and mode/s of action, this review spotlights smart technologies that favorably align in their conceivable ability to directly target and enhance bone repair and thus are highly promising for future discovery for use in the elderly. The four degrees of interactive scaffold smartness are presented, with a focus on bioactive, bioresponsive, and the yet-to-be-developed autonomous scaffold activity. Further, cell- and biomolecular-assisted approaches were excluded, allowing for contemporary examination of the capabilities, demands, vision, and future requisites of next-generation biomaterial-induced technologies only. Data strongly supports that smart scaffolds hold significant promise in the promotion of bone repair in patients with a reduced osteobiological response. Importantly, many techniques have yet to be tested in preclinical models of aging. Thus, greater clarity on their proficiency to counteract the many unresolved challenges within the scope of aging bone is highly warranted and is arguably the next frontier in the field. This review demonstrates that the use of multifunctional smart synthetic scaffolds with an engineered strategy to circumvent the biological insufficiencies associated with aging bone is a viable route for achieving next-generation therapeutic success in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max McCall
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasmine Ghattas
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, USA, Orlando, FL
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Sola Fraca D, Sánchez Garrigós E, de Francisco Moure J, Marín Gonzalez B, Badiola Díez JJ, Acín Tresaco C. Sleep disturbance in clinical and preclinical scrapie-infected sheep measured by polysomnography. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 38698657 PMCID: PMC11073408 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2349674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by neuronal loss and abnormal deposition of pathological proteins in the nervous system. Among the most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are one of the most common symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, one of the main objectives in the study of TSEs is to try to establish an early diagnosis, as clinical signs do not appear until the damage to the central nervous system is very advanced, which prevents any therapeutic approach. In this paper, we provide the first description of sleep disturbance caused by classical scrapie in clinical and preclinical sheep using polysomnography compared to healthy controls. Fifteen sheep classified into three groups, clinical, preclinical and negative control, were analysed. The results show a decrease in total sleep time as the disease progresses, with significant changes between control, clinical and pre-clinical animals. The results also show an increase in sleep fragmentation in clinical animals compared to preclinical and control animals. In addition, sheep with clinical scrapie show a total loss of Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM) and alterations in Non Rapid Eyes Movement sleep (NREM) compared to control sheep, demonstrating more shallow sleep. Although further research is needed, these results suggest that prion diseases also produce sleep disturbances in animals and that polysomnography could be a diagnostic tool of interest in clinical and preclinical cases of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sola Fraca
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Belén Marín Gonzalez
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola Díez
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Acín Tresaco
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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Li Q, Zhou SR, Kim H, Wang H, Zhu JJ, Yang JK. Discovering novel Cathepsin L inhibitors from natural products using artificial intelligence. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2606-2614. [PMID: 39006920 PMCID: PMC11245987 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Current pharmacological interventions targeting CTSL have demonstrated potential in reducing body weight gain, serum insulin levels, and improving glucose tolerance. However, the clinical application of CTSL inhibitors remains limited. In this study, we used a combination of artificial intelligence and experimental methods to identify new CTSL inhibitors from natural products. Through a robust deep learning model and molecular docking, we screened 150 molecules from natural products for experimental validation. At a concentration of 100 µM, we found that 36 of them exhibited more than 50 % inhibition of CTSL. Notably, 13 molecules displayed over 90 % inhibition and exhibiting concentration-dependent effects. The molecular dynamics simulation on the two most potent inhibitors, Plumbagin and Beta-Lapachone, demonstrated stable interaction at the CTSL active site. Enzyme kinetics studies have shown that these inhibitors exert an uncompetitive inhibitory effect on CTSL. In conclusion, our research identifies Plumbagin and Beta-Lapachone as potential CTSL inhibitors, offering promising candidates for the treatment of metabolic disorders and illustrating the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Si-Rui Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanna Kim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Yang W, Duan Z, Li G, Geng H, Gao Y, Shen Q, Liu L, Wang G, Zha X, Xu C, Zhou P, Song B, Tang D, Wu H, Wei Z, Tang F, He X. Association of lifestyle and occupational exposure factors with human semen quality: a cross-sectional study of 1060 participants. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:150-163. [PMID: 38896558 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2357348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of male infertility (MI) is rising annually. However, the lifestyle and occupational exposure factors contributing to MI remain incompletely understood. This study explored the effects of self-reported lifestyle and occupational exposure factors on semen quality. Among 1060 subjects invited to participate, 826 were eligible. The participants' general characteristics, lifestyle, and occupational exposure factors were collected immediately before or after semen evaluation through an online questionnaire. Initially, univariate analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the abovementioned factors and semen quality. The results indicated significant associations between low semen quality and various factors, including age, BMI, infertility type and duration, abstinence time, semen and sperm parameters, smoking, alcohol consumption, irregular sleep habits, and frequent exposure to high temperatures and chemicals at work (p < 0.05). Then, multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with low semen quality. Adjustment for relevant confounders was achieved by including factors with a p-value < 0.25 from univariate analyses as covariates in the binomial and ordered logistic regression models. The results suggested that alcohol consumption was a positive factor for sperm concentration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.99; p = 0.045). The groups with a BMI ≥ 24 and <28 kg/m2 showed a significant decrease in sperm progressive motility when compared to the reference group (BMI < 24 kg/m2) (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.46-0.87, p = 0.005). In addition, the groups that drank green tea <1 time/week (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.05-2.2) and 1-4 times/week (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.02-2.54) exhibited significantly increased sperm DFI values compared with the group that drank green tea 5-7 times/week. In conclusion, these findings underscore the importance of maintaining a normal weight and regularly consuming green tea for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Zongliu Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Guanjian Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Qunshan Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomin Zha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Bing Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Zhejiang Mater Child and Reproductive Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Anhui, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Naz S, Bibi G, Nadeem R, A. Alhidary I, Dai S, Israr M, Ullah Khan R. Evaluation of biological selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, histopathology of vital organs and genotoxicity in Japanese quails ( coturnix coturnix japonica). Vet Q 2024; 44:1-10. [PMID: 38557294 PMCID: PMC10986439 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2319830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs via oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (p < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (p < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (p < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulnaz Bibi
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Nadeem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sifa Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang City, Jingxi province, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Israr
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The Univeristy of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The Univeristy of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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50
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SX, Nkambule B, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Low circulating levels of neuregulin 4 as a potential biomarker associated with the severity and prognosis of obesity-related metabolic diseases: a systematic review. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2390833. [PMID: 39162358 PMCID: PMC11340757 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2390833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a brown adipose tissue-derived adipokine that greatly affects systemic metabolism and improves metabolic derangements. Although abnormal circulating levels of Nrg4 are common in obesity, it remains elusive whether low or elevated levels of this batokine are associated with the onset of metabolic diseases. AIM To assess Nrg4 levels and its role as a feasible biomarker to predict the severity of obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS A search for relevant studies was performed systematically using prominent search engines, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase, by following PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Ample clinical evidence reported low serum/plasma levels of Nrg4 in obesity and these were inversely proportional to the indices of metabolic syndrome, including body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Low circulating Nrg4 levels may aid in the prediction of morbid obesity, and subsequent GDM, T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD. CONCLUSION Current clinical evidence emphasizes that the circulating levels of Nrg4 are decreased in morbid obesity, and it also highlights that Nrg4 May serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | | | - Bongani Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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