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Kwack KH, Jang EY, Kim C, Choi YS, Lee JH, Moon JH. Porphyromonas gulae and canine periodontal disease: Current understanding and future directions. Virulence 2025; 16:2449019. [PMID: 39834343 PMCID: PMC11756583 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2449019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae has emerged as a notable pathogen in canine periodontal disease, akin to Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontitis. This review examines the initial isolation, phylogenetic analysis, habitat, host range, relationships with host health status and age, and key pathogenic determinants, including fimbriae, proteases, citrullinating enzyme, and lipopolysaccharide. Control strategies discussed include polyphosphate to disrupt haeme/iron utilization, clindamycin with interferon alpha to reduce bacterial load and enhance the immune response, and a protease inhibitor. Further research is needed to understand strain-level diversity of virulence factors and interactions between P. gulae and other oral bacteria, particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum, a common pathogen in both dogs and humans. The potential for interspecies transmission between dogs and humans warrants further research into these interactions. Extensive in vivo studies across various breeds are crucial to validate the effectiveness of proposed treatment strategies. This review emphasizes P. gulae's role in periodontal health and disease, setting the stage for future research and improved management of canine periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul Kim
- Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyung-In Women’s University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoi Moon
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cruz-Tirado JP, Dos Santos Vieira MS, Ferreira RSB, Amigo JM, Batista EAC, Barbin DF. Prediction of total lipids and fatty acids in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) dried larvae by NIR-hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 329:125646. [PMID: 39718268 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
The unique fatty acid composition of BSF larvae oil makes it suitable for various applications, including use in animal feed, aquaculture, biodiesel production, biomaterials, and the food industry. Determination of BSF larvae composition usually requires analytical methods with chemicals, thus needing emerging techniques for fast characterization of its composition. In this study, Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging (NIR-HSI) (928 - 2524 nm) coupled with chemometrics was applied to predict the lipid content and fatty acid composition in intact black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Support Vectors Machine Regression (SVMR) models, combined with two variable selection methods, Interval Partial Least Squares (iPLS) and Bootstrapping Soft Shrinkage (BOSS), were compared. PLSR reached a good performance to predict myristic acid with Root Mean Square Error in prediction (RMSEP) = 0.45 %, while SVMR reached values of Ratio to Prediction Deviation (RPD) > 3 to predict total lipid content, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. In addition, selecting wavelength by BOSS improved PLSR models (6 - 15 % increases in RPD), while iPLS improved SVMR model to predict palmitic acid (16 % increases in RPD). The study emphasizes the advantages of NIR-HSI as a non-invasive, rapid method for lipid and fatty acid quantification, which can be highly valuable for industrial applications such as monitoring BSF larvae feeding systems to ensure high-quality oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cruz-Tirado
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Manuel Amigo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, P.O. Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Douglas Fernandes Barbin
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Korec E, Ungrová L, Kalvas J, Hejnar J. Identification of genes associated with longevity in dogs: 9 candidate genes described in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Vet Anim Sci 2025; 27:100420. [PMID: 39823074 PMCID: PMC11737349 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
In the past years, dogs have served as a convenient natural model organism for longevity due to their similarity with humans concerning not only their environment but also the diseases and complications occurring in older age. Since many dog breeds have significantly shorter lifespan than their closely related breeds, identification of genes associated with longevity may help to elucidate its background and serve as a possible tool for selective breeding of long-living dogs. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken to identify the candidate genes associated with longevity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel individuals that have reached the age of more than 13 years. We described 15 SNPs localized in nine genes: B3GALNT1, NLRP1 like, PARP14, IQCJ-SCHIP1, COL9A1, COL19A1, SDHAF4, B3GAT2, and DIRC2 that are associated with longevity in purebred Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. These results are promising for future research and possible selective breeding of companion dogs with extended lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evžen Korec
- ZOO Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ungrová
- ZOO Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kalvas
- ZOO Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Izadi G, Rouzbehan Y, Rezaei J, Abarghuei M. Productive performance, rumen parameters, carcass quality, antioxidant profile and methane emission in lambs supplemented with triticale hay. Vet Anim Sci 2025; 27:100417. [PMID: 39817032 PMCID: PMC11733181 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aims to measure the effects of different dietary concentrations of triticale hay (TH) on productive performance, carcass characteristics, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), ruminal and blood variables, and antioxidant power in 40 fattening male Gray Shirazi lambs (BW of 33.2 ± 1.1 kg) over 81 days in a completely randomized design (10 animals/diet). Four levels of TH (0.00, 13.30, 26.50, and 40.00 g/100 g dry matter; DM) were included in the diet, instead of alfalfa hay + barley straw. Dietary inclusion of TH decreased DM and nutrient intakes, but increased phenolic and flavonoid intakes, and digestibility of DM and nutrients (L, P < 0.01). Feeding TH did not affect daily gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, dressing percentage, and Longissimus muscle area, decreased (L, P < 0.05) fat-tail, total carcass fat, and carcass stearic acid but increased (L, P < 0.05) lean-to-total carcass fat ratio, carcass oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA), and antioxidant power. Dietary TH increased ruminal MPS and cellulolytic bacteria but decreased ammonia-N, protozoa, and in vitro methane production (L, P < 0.01). Nitrogen retention and rumen short-chain FA were not affected by TH addition. Increasing dietary TH levels lowered (L, P < 0.01) blood cholesterol, triglyceride, and urea-N, but did not affect glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, nitrate, and nitrite. Overall, TH can be included, up to 40 % of DM in the diet of fattening lambs, without effects on performance, to improve carcass quality, FA composition, and antioxidant capacity and reduce ruminal methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Izadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y. Rouzbehan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - M.J. Abarghuei
- Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang H, Zhou G, Yang C, Nychas GJE, Zhang Y, Mao Y. The prevalence, distribution, and diversity of Salmonella isolated from pork slaughtering processors and retail outlets in the Shandong Province of China. Meat Sci 2025; 221:109734. [PMID: 39731976 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen of global significance and is highly prevalent in pork. This study investigated the prevalence, contamination distribution, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in 3 pork processors in the Shandong Province of China. Samples were collected from 13 different sampling sources across the slaughter procedures (600 samples) as well as at retail outlets supplied by these processors (45 samples). The prevalence was 18.9 % among all the samples, with the highest prevalence observed in feces (40.0 %), lairage pens (38.0 %), and hides (34.0 %). A total of 6 serotypes were identified, with S. Rissen (46.3 %) and S. typhimurium (32.0 %) found to be the most prevalent serotypes. 86.8 % of Salmonella isolates were multi-drug resistant, with the majority of strains resistant to erythromycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed 6 STs were obtained from 45 isolates, with the dominant type ST469 accounting for 40.0 % of the total, which suggested a high possibility of cross-contamination between the plant processing chain and retail outlets. This work reveals the prevalence and correlation of Salmonella isolates between pork slaughter and retail outlets and acts as a case-study for stakeholders wishing to improve pork supply chain hygiene, control cross-contamination between the various slaughtering processes, and obtain continuous updates on Salmonella surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Zhou
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Caishuai Yang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - George-John E Nychas
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Basabe-Tuero L, Ayala L, Espinosa I, Machín Y, Coto L, Duarte C, Piloto S, Morales A, Rodrigo O, Diago D, Sosa I, Estrada MP, Martínez R. Oreochromicin-2 shows antimicrobial and immunostimulant effect against respiratory pathogens in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2025; 184:105523. [PMID: 39798540 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
Porcine respiratory diseases have a huge economic impact on pig production. The highest incidence of these diseases is commonly linked to Streptococcus suis, Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica, some of which are zoonotic posing a risk to human health. The inappropriate and excessive use of conventional antibiotics, as usual procedure for treating respiratory diseases in pigs, has generated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which urgently requires the development of alternative approaches to current antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have rapidly garnered interest as novel therapeutic candidates. Oreochromicin-2 (Oreoch-2), an AMP previously isolated from Oreochromis niloticus gills, has shown broad antibacterial properties against several species. However, studies about its effect on porcine respiratory pathogens and its potential use for the treatment of swine respiratory diseases are not available. In this work we determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the peptide against S. suis by a broth microdilution method. Oreoch-2 showed a MIC of 3.13 μM against this pathogen. For in vivo experiments, Yorkshire x Landrace crossbred (LYxL35) weaning pigs aged 30-33 days were allocated in pens containing ten pigs each. To study the influence of the peptide on health status, a total clinical score was determined. The administration of Oreoch-2 improved the clinical behavior of the animals, similar to the conventional antibiotic shotapen, respect to the placebo group. A reduction of bacterial loads in the respiratory tract and lungs was observed in Oreoch-2-treated animals as compared to the placebo group. It was shown that peptide treated-piglets displayed significantly higher serum IgG concentration compared to the control group. These results demonstrated Oreoch-2 potential as an antimicrobial and immunostimulant drug candidate against respiratory diseases in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Basabe-Tuero
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Lázara Ayala
- Institute of Animal Science (ICA), Carretera Central km 47 ½, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba.
| | - Ivette Espinosa
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba.
| | - Yeleiny Machín
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sancti Spiritus Division, North Beltway, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sancti-Spiritus 60 200, Cuba
| | - Liany Coto
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Carlos Duarte
- Veterinary Clinical Trial Group, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Soraya Piloto
- Microbiology Laboratory, Quality Control Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Antonio Morales
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Osmany Rodrigo
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - David Diago
- Chemistry and Physics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Iliana Sosa
- National Center for the Production of Laboratory Animals (CENPALAB) Calle 3ra, No 40759, Entre 6ta y Carretera de Tirabeque, Reparto La Unión. Boyeros, Habana 10100, Cuba.
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Rebeca Martínez
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue and 190, Havana 10600, Cuba.
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Smith SJ, Sullivan B, Hall A, Auckland L, Tang W, Hamer G, Hamer S. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Pets of Harris County, Texas, Revealed More Common Pet Infections in Households With Human COVID-19 Cases. Vet Med Sci 2025; 11:e70218. [PMID: 39869435 PMCID: PMC11771362 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.70218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Local health departments can play a critical role in zoonoses surveillance at the human-domestic animal interface, especially when existing public health services and close relationships with community groups can be leveraged. Investigators at Harris County Veterinary Public Health employed a community-based surveillance tool for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in dogs and cats in June--December 2021. Diagnosis was made using both RT-qPCR testing of oral and nasal swabs and plaque reduction neutralization testing of serum samples. Recruitment for this free companion animal surveillance program occurred through the following two streams: case-based and event-based. The case-based stream recruited companion animals of confirmed human COVID-19 cases through the Harris County Public Health case investigations platform and used the information from epidemiological investigations of the owners to conduct further investigations of their pet(s). The event-based stream recruited companion animals participating in free or low-cost spay/neuter events at Harris County Pets Resource Center (HCPRC). A total of 97 animals were tested, with the case-based and event-based streams accounting for 36 and 61, respectively. A total of 13 animals (13.4%) tested seropositive including one that also had positive RT-qPCR swabs. Of the positives, 11 (84.6%) were associated with a confirmed human case of SARS-CoV-2 living in the same household including one household with four out of the seven animals positive for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. These two surveillance methods employed at the local level emphasize the importance of the One Health approach and provide a model for future zoonoses surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Auckland
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Wendy Tang
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Gabriel Hamer
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Sarah Hamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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Silva-Ramos CR, Lemaitre G P, Mejorano-Fonseca JA, Matiz-González JM, Aricapa-Giraldo HJ, Agudelo JC, Pérez Cárdenas JE, Hidalgo M. Molecular Evidence of Leptospira spp. Infection Among Household Dogs From 15 Municipalities of the Department of Caldas, Colombia. Zoonoses Public Health 2025; 72:215-222. [PMID: 39658809 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptospira spp. is a bacterial genus which includes pathogenic species that causes leptospirosis. Several animal species can harbour, shed and disseminate the bacteria through their urine. Although the circulation of Leptospira among homeless dogs may be common, the presence of Leptospira among household dogs is more important since they can act as important sources of infection for their owners due to the closer contact with humans. AIM The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. among household dogs from 15 municipalities of the Caldas department. METHODS Between November 2015 and January 2017, an active household dog sampling was performed in 15 municipalities of Caldas department. Dog blood samples were tested through conventional PCR targeting a fragment of the Leptospira rrs and LipL32 genes. All obtained amplicons were purified and bi-directionally sequenced. Obtained sequences were assembled and edited for subsequent phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS A total of 196 dogs were sampled from 15 municipalities of Caldas department, of which 180 were screened for Leptospira spp. Ten (5.6%) dog blood samples from seven municipalities were successfully amplified for the Leptospira rrs gene. Two Leptospira rrs good-quality sequences were obtained which had a closer relationship with Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira santarosai. CONCLUSION We confirm the presence of Leptospira spp. closely related with L. interrogans and L. santarosai among household dogs from seven municipalities of Caldas department. These results highlight the need to improve the care of household dogs in Caldas department since they could eventually become important sources of infection of leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paloma Lemaitre G
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julián A Mejorano-Fonseca
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Manuel Matiz-González
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hector J Aricapa-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación Biosalud, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Para la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Juan C Agudelo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Pérez Cárdenas
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Marylin Hidalgo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Hempstead SC, Gensler CA, Haley CA, Wiedenheft AM, Robertson JB, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Jacob ME. Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study. J Food Prot 2025; 88:100435. [PMID: 39701448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. Salmonella detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including S. Derby (34.1%) and S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with Salmonella isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm in vitro, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Hempstead
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine A Gensler
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles A Haley
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyson M Wiedenheft
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - James B Robertson
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paula J Fedorka-Cray
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Cui Z, Li P, Pan X, Yuan Y, Li G, Jiao Y, Petracchini F, Hou T, He C. Achieving synergistic enhancement in the anaerobic digestion of corn straw by (CH 4 + CO 2) nanobubbles in conjunction with optimized particle sizes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 418:131997. [PMID: 39701392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanobubbles (NBs) technology has been proven to promote methane production from anaerobic digestion (AD). In this study, the synergistic effects of (CH4 + CO2)-nanobubble water ((CH4 + CO2)-NBW) combined with varying particle sizes of corn straw on the AD were investigated. As findings, adding (CH4 + CO2)-NBW effectively promoted the methane production from AD of corn straw with different particle sizes. The maximum cumulative methane yield (186.42 mL/ g-volatile solids) was achieved in Group a with the addition of (CH4 + CO2)-NBW, representing a 16.89 % increase compared to the control. Furthermore, (CH4 + CO2)-NBW could enhance the enzymatic activity. The activities of β-glucosidase and coenzyme F420 were increased by 6.70 % and 11.48 %, respectively. The results of microbial community structure revealed that the addition of (CH4 + CO2)-NBW could improve the abundance of dominant bacteria (norank_JS1, norank_Aminicenantales, and Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17) and archaea (Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, and norank_Bathyarchaeia). This study provides new insights into the application of nanobubbles in the AD of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yongkang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Youzhou Jiao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, China
| | - Francesco Petracchini
- National Research Council of Italy- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 29300 Rome, Italy
| | - Tingting Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Chao He
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
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11
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Huanca-Marca NF, Estévez-Moreno LX, Espinosa NL, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Assessment of pig welfare at slaughterhouse level: A systematic review of animal-based indicators suitable for inclusion in monitoring protocols. Meat Sci 2025; 220:109689. [PMID: 39504801 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Pig welfare constitutes a strategic pillar of sustainability within the pork industry. Consequently, there is a need to identify, develop and/or validate indicators for assessing pig wellbeing under commercial conditions. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines identified 95 pig welfare indicators (PWIs) categorized into physiological, behavioral, health and post-mortem, and product quality. The review evaluated their validity and feasibility (V&F) for use in abattoirs to measure welfare during transport and slaughter. Thirty V&F indicators were found: one physiological (body temperature), 12 behavioral (human-animal relationship, aggression, falling, vocalization, slipping, panting, lying down, sitting, turning back), 13 health and post-mortem (presence of entry points, hernias, body lesions, ear lesions, tail lesions, pericarditis, pneumonia, bursitis, lameness, dead animals, walking and non-walking animals), and four product quality (pH, bruises, body condition, carcass weight). This information might help to identify the factors that affect the risk level of particular pig welfare problems, thereby aiding in the application of risk-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F Huanca-Marca
- Department of Animal Production & Food Science, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura X Estévez-Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Environment, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Natyieli Losada Espinosa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Genaro C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Animal Production & Food Science, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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12
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Lamanna M, Muca E, Buonaiuto G, Formigoni A, Cavallini D. From posts to practice: Instagram's role in veterinary dairy cow nutrition education-How does the audience interact and apply knowledge? A survey study. J Dairy Sci 2025; 108:1659-1671. [PMID: 39662806 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates Instagram's efficacy as an educational tool in veterinary sciences, focusing on dairy cow nutrition and management. Using the Instagram account "Stalla Didattica Unibo," established in December 2020, a survey was conducted with 102 respondents, primarily consisting of university students (44.12%). The respondents were divided into 2 major groups: students and the general population, with the latter comprising professionals and others not currently in educational programs. In the overall population, the age group of 25 to 34 yr accounted for 51%, but among students, it was 73.3%. In terms of gender distribution, there was a female majority in the general population (59.8%) and a male majority among students (73.3%). Most responders were from Italy, with Emilia-Romagna contributing significantly. Engagement was measured not only by the length of time participants followed the account but also by active interactions such as likes, comments, and shares. Among the total population, 47.1% had followed the page for over a year, compared with 37.8% of students. Importantly, engagement metrics showed active participation, with a majority reporting improved knowledge (75.6% of the total population and 74.5% of students) and practical application of content (64.4% of the total population and 67.6% of students). Content preferences varied, with the general population favoring quizzes (33.3%) and stories (17.8%), whereas students showed a stronger preference for standard posts (36.3%). Impact was defined as the perceived influence of the Instagram content on the respondents' learning and professional practices, with 46.7% of the total population and 52.9% of students agreeing or strongly agreeing that the page had a positive impact on their knowledge and practical skills. Furthermore, 84.3% of students and 77.8% of the total population stated they would recommend the page to others, underscoring the account's effectiveness as a digital educational tool. The study highlights Instagram's potential to enhance veterinary education and suggests further research to explore the broader application of these strategies across different educational contexts and platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamanna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - E Muca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - G Buonaiuto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - A Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - D Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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13
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Kolesnikova A, Hammond J, Chapman MA. Drought Response in the Transcriptome and Ionome of Wild and Domesticated Lablab purpureus L. Sweet, an Underutilized Legume. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2025; 6:e70027. [PMID: 39831186 PMCID: PMC11742185 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.70027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Hunger remains a prevalent issue worldwide, and with a changing climate, it is expected to become an even greater problem that our food systems are not adapted to. There is therefore a need to investigate strategies to fortify our foods and food systems. Underutilized crops are farmed regionally, are often adapted to stresses, including droughts, and have great nutritional profiles, potentially being key for food security. One of these crops, Lablab purpureus L Sweet, or lablab, is a legume grown for humans or as fodder and shows remarkable drought tolerance. Understanding of lablab's molecular responses to drought and drought's effects on its nutritional qualities is limited and affects breeding potential. Using transcriptomics at three time points, changes in gene expression in response to drought were investigated in wild and domesticated lablab. The effect of drought on the elemental profile of lablab leaves was investigated using ionomics to assess drought's impact on nutritional quality. Differences in drought response between wild and domesticated lablab accessions were revealed, which were mainly due to differences in the expression of genes related to phosphorus metabolic response, cell wall organization, and cellular signaling. The leaves of wild and domesticated lablab accessions differed significantly in their elemental concentrations, with wild accessions having higher protein, zinc, and iron concentrations. Drought affected the concentration of some elements, with potential implications for the use of lablab under different environments. Overall, this study is an important first step in understanding drought response in lablab with implications for breeding and improvement of drought-tolerant lablab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Mark A. Chapman
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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14
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Karkanis A, Ntatsi G, Vasilakakou E, Karavidas I, Ntanasi T, Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG. Combining Tenebrio molitor frass with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer to improve soil properties, growth parameters, and nutrient content of Sonchus oleraceus crop. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 418:131901. [PMID: 39622418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of yellow mealworm frass in combination with an inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration in annual sowthistle plants. It was found that the combined application of yellow mealworm frass (YM-frass) as basal fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (INF) as top dressing increased the shoot biomass of annual sowthistle up to 67.2 % compared to the INF treatment (100 kg N/ha). The application of both YM-frass and INF increased P, Mg and Fe root concentration. Moreover, the lowest P and K concentration in shoot tissues were found in the unfertilized control treatment, while the reverse was the case for Ca and Fe. In conclusion, yellow mealworm frass can be used instead of inorganic basal fertilizer, whereas its combination with an inorganic nitrogen fertilizer applied as top-dressing during the vegetative growth can increase the yield and quality of leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anestis Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Department of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Vasilakakou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavidas
- Department of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Ntanasi
- Department of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos I Rumbos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece.
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15
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Welk A, Cantor MC, Neave HW, Costa JHC, Morrison JL, Winder CB, Renaud DL. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on neonatal calf diarrhea when administered at a disease alert generated by automated milk feeders. J Dairy Sci 2025; 108:1842-1854. [PMID: 39694237 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to assess whether early intervention with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) following a disease alert generated by automated milk feeders could reduce diarrhea severity and improve performance in dairy calves. A total of 71 Holstein calves were enrolled on an automated milk feeder (recorded milk intake and drinking speed) at 3 d of age and received up to 15 L/d (150 g/L) of milk replacer until 35 d of age. An alert that was previously validated as diagnostically accurate to identify calves at risk for diarrhea was used using automated milk feeder data (≤60% rolling dividends in milk intake or drinking speed over 2 d). At their first alert, calves were randomly allocated to receive a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim) at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg of BW (NSAID) or an equal volume of saline as a placebo control (CON). Fecal consistency was scored daily, and calves were diagnosed with diarrhea when they had loose feces for ≥2 d or watery feces for ≥1 d. Body weight was recorded at birth and weekly thereafter. A subset of calves (n = 32) were fitted with IceQube pedometers at 3 d of age to measure activity behaviors (lying time and step count). Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the association of study treatment with the duration of diarrhea after the alert and to evaluate the association of study treatment with milk intake, drinking speed, lying time, overall activity for 5 d following the alert, and ADG for 3 wk following the alert. On average, calves triggered an alert at (mean ± SD) 9.3 ± 2.3 d of age and were diagnosed with diarrhea at 9.6 ± 2.1 d of age. Diarrhea duration was similar between treatments (NSAID: 2.85 vs. CON: 2.94 ± 0.37 d), as were feeding behaviors (milk intake [NSAID: 8.2 vs. CON: 8.1 ± 0.4 L/d] and drinking speed [NSAID: 0.38 vs. CON: 0.37 ± 0.02 min/L]). Treatment was also not associated with ADG for the 3 wk after the alert (NSAID: 0.97 vs. CON: 0.97 ± 0.06 kg/d). However, calves provided an NSAID had reduced odds of being treated with electrolytes (odds ratio = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.98). In addition, calves provided an NSAID spent less time lying (NSAID: 17.64 vs. CON: 18.17 ± 0.19 h/day) and performed more steps over the 5 d following the alert (NSAID: 789.1 vs. CON: 628.0 steps/d), suggesting that CON calves may have been more lethargic. Overall, providing an NSAID at the time of a diarrhea alert did not affect diarrhea duration, feed intake, or growth. However, providing an NSAID increased activity in the 5 d following the alert, which may have reduced pain and symptoms of lethargy, indicating a milder response to the disease. We suggest that providing an NSAID at the time of diarrhea alert had little benefit on the calf; however, further work is needed to understand behaviors associated with malaise and pain in calves with diarrhea as well as the efficacy of NSAID under different management conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Welk
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - M C Cantor
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, State College, PA 16803
| | - H W Neave
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - J H C Costa
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - J L Morrison
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C B Winder
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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16
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Martiny K, Christensen JP, Hjulsager CK, Larsen LE. A simplified vaccination program elicits an immune response comparable to a complex standard vaccination program in commercial layers under field conditions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2025; 280:110882. [PMID: 39817996 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a notifiable avian disease responsible for several panzootics, which has resulted in the establishment of mandatory vaccination programs against the virus in several countries including Denmark. This study compared the immune response elicited in layers by the standard vaccination program for ND of a Danish commercial egg production facility with a simplified version of the vaccination program. A commercial flock of layers was followed for 77 weeks from hatching to culling. The flock was divided into two groups according to vaccination program and housed separately. One group received the standard vaccination program consisting of a vector vaccine, a live vaccine (administered twice) and an inactivated vaccine (standard vaccination program). The other group received a newly marketed vector vaccine and the inactivated vaccine of the standard vaccination program (simplified vaccination program). Blood samples were collected at regular intervals from 30 randomly selected layers in each group until culling (77 weeks of age) and analysed for ND antibodies by ELISA assays, which measured antibodies against the nucleoprotein or fusion protein, and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Both vaccination programs provided lasting antibodies until 77 weeks. The simplified vaccination program showed significantly higher fusion protein antibodies and a markedly earlier onset of immunity at five weeks of age (97-100 % seroprevalence) than the standard program. The standard vaccination program reached the same seroprevalence at 14 and 24 weeks of age based on fusion protein antibodies and HI titres, respectively. The inactivated vaccine elicited a boost in antibody titres in both groups, however, boosting with the live vaccine used in the standard vaccination program did not result in an increased antibody response. This might indicate that administering of a vector vaccine prior to a live vaccine inhibits the serological response to the live vaccine.
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