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Giribaldi M, Nebbia S, Briard-Bion V, Jardin J, Ménard O, Dupont D, Coscia A, Cresi F, Lamberti C, Cavallarin L, Deglaire A. Peptidomic profile of human milk as influenced by fortification with different protein sources: An in vitro dynamic digestion simulation. Food Chem 2025; 462:140886. [PMID: 39213965 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fortification of human milk (HM) is often necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. The present experiment aimed to establish whether the supplementation of HM with either an experimental donkey milk-derived fortifier containing whole donkey milk proteins, or with a commercial bovine milk-derived fortifier containing hydrolyzed bovine whey proteins, affects peptide release differently during digestion. The experiment was conducted using an in vitro dynamic system designed to simulate the preterm infant's digestion followed by digesta analysis by means of LC-MS-MS. The different fortifiers did not appear to influence the cumulative intensity of HM peptides. Fortification had a differential impact on the release of either donkey or bovine bioactive peptides. Donkey milk peptides showed antioxidant/ACE inhibitory activities, while bovine peptides showed opioid, dipeptil- and propyl endo- peptidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activity. A slight delay in peptide release from human lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin was observed when HM was supplemented with donkey milk-derived fortifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Giribaldi
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Stefano Nebbia
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Valerie Briard-Bion
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Julien Jardin
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Olivia Ménard
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Didier Dupont
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cresi
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lamberti
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Amélie Deglaire
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, 65 Rue de St Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Dikranian LC, Irish DE, Shanley KE, Walker DR, de Waal Malefyt SK. Improving asthma self-management education through inhaler labeling. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 5:100330. [PMID: 39252880 PMCID: PMC11381901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective Improper use and poor understanding of asthma medications can lead to poorly controlled asthma, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations for children with asthma. Pharmacists play a critical role in improving asthma medication adherence through education on asthma self-management. The use of color-coded labels applied at pharmacies to help patients differentiate between rescue and maintenance inhalers has not been explored. Methods Pharmacies were recruited to join a community pharmacy asthma coalition. Pharmacists provided patient education and labeled inhalers with two types of color-coded stickers. A red sticker labeled "RESCUE" was used for short-acting β-2 agonist medication inhalers. A green sticker labeled "USE EVERY DAY" was used for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or combination ICS/long-acting β-2 agonist medication inhalers. Results During the two years of the pilot program, 25 pharmacy locations participated. Pharmacies labeled over 6000 rescue and 9000 controller medications using color-coded labels. Over 1000 children and 7000 adults were served by the coalition. Conclusion Color-coded asthma medication labels can be successfully utilized by pharmacies. This low-cost tool provides vital information regarding the proper use of asthma medications. Innovation The color-coded labeling of asthma medications is a novel innovation that can be successfully used by pharmacists to improve asthma self-management education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea C Dikranian
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | | | | | - Don R Walker
- University of Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America
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Li F, Zhou E, Wang M, Pan F, Zhou J, Yang M, Wang T, Li L, Wu L, Li Q. A novel sustainable photo/chemical magnetic nanomaterial effectively mitigates the allergenicity of phospholipase A2. Food Chem 2024; 461:140851. [PMID: 39167945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the allergenicity of edible insects is crucial for the comprehensive utilization of insect resources. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) exists in various edible insects and mammalian tissues, which can cause serious allergic reactions. Herein, we constructed a magnetic nanocomposite with photo/chemical synergistic capability to mitigate the allergenicity of PLA2. The formation of prepared nanocomposite was systematically confirmed using various techniques. The nanocomposite exhibited uniform diameters, abundant functional groups, excellent magnetic capabilities. An effective photo/chemical method was established to reduce the allergenicity of PLA2 in vitro. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated through circular dichroism, fluorescence spectrum and IgE-binding analysis. The allergenicity and IgE-binding effect of PLA2 were significantly reduced due to conformational changes after nanomaterial treatment. These results demonstrate the sensitivity and effectiveness a strategy for reducing PLA2 allergenicity, providing a basis for development of nanomaterials to reduce the risk of novel food allergies in response to edible insect products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Enning Zhou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fei Pan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Mengrui Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, PR China.
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4
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Stinson LF, Ma J, Lai CT, Rea A, Perrella SL, Geddes DT. Milk microbiome transplantation: recolonizing donor milk with mother's own milk microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:74. [PMID: 38194146 PMCID: PMC10776751 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) provides myriad nutritional and immunological benefits for preterm and low birthweight infants. However, pasteurization leaves DHM devoid of potentially beneficial milk microbiota. In the present study, we performed milk microbiome transplantation from freshly collected mother's own milk (MOM) into pasteurized DHM. Small volumes of MOM (5%, 10%, or 30% v/v) were inoculated into pasteurized DHM and incubated at 37 °C for up to 8 h. Further, we compared microbiome recolonization in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM, as UV-C treatment has been shown to conserve important biochemical components of DHM that are lost during Holder pasteurization. Bacterial culture and viability-coupled metataxonomic sequencing were employed to assess the effectiveness of milk microbiome transplantation. Growth of transplanted MOM bacteria occurred rapidly in recolonized DHM samples; however, a greater level of growth was observed in Holder-pasteurized DHM compared to UV-C-treated DHM, potentially due to the conserved antimicrobial properties in UV-C-treated DHM. Viability-coupled metataxonomic analysis demonstrated similarity between recolonized DHM samples and fresh MOM samples, suggesting that the milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into pasteurized DHM. These results highlight the potential of MOM microbiota transplantation to restore the microbial composition of UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM and enhance the nutritional and immunological benefits of DHM for preterm and vulnerable infants. KEY POINTS: • Mother's own milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into donor human milk. • Recolonization is equally successful in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized milk. • Recolonization time should be restricted due to rapid bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alethea Rea
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharon L Perrella
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Afriyie-Mensah JS, Domoyeri P, Antwi-Boasiako C, Aryee R, Dankwah GB, Ntiamoah M, Dzudzor B, Kusi-Mensah Y, Hayfron-Benjamin CF. Relationship between fraction of exhaled nitric oxide and peripheral eosinophilia in asthma. Ann Med 2024; 56:2382377. [PMID: 39051101 PMCID: PMC11275527 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2382377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving disease control is the goal of asthma management. Serum or sputum eosinophil counts have been known traditional means of assessing eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma, which is vital in predicting response to corticosteroid therapy which ultimately promotes control of the disease. Evidence suggests that fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may be a more useful non-invasive surrogate biomarker for the assessment of eosinophilic airway inflammation and could help with the timely adjustment of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in the uncontrolled asthma patient. The relationship between FeNO and other markers of airway inflammation has been variable in literature, with limited data in sub-Saharan Africa where FeNO testing is very sparse. We sought to define the relationship between FeNO levels, serum eosinophil counts, spirometry measures and symptom control among asthma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at the Asthma Clinic of a large tertiary hospital. This study included 82 patients with physician-diagnosed asthma being regularly managed at the clinic. All participants were taken through the asthma control test (ACT), had FeNO and spirometry measurements taken according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. Blood samples were obtained from all participants for serum eosinophil counts. Correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the relationship between FeNO levels and serum eosinophil counts, ACT scores, and spirometry measurements. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between high FeNO and abnormal FEV1 percentage predicted (<80%) with adjustments for age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS A total of 82 patients with asthma were included in the study, with higher prevalence of females (72%). Majority (40.2%) of the patients were found in the 60 and above age category. The median FeNO level and ACT score was 42.00 (26.00-52.50) parts per billion (ppb) and 20.0 (18-23) respectively. The median serum eosinophil counts was 0.25(0.90-0.38) × 109/L. The median FeNO levels were significantly higher in patients with partly and very poorly controlled asthma than in the well-controlled group (p < 0.001). A total of 47(57%) of the patients were classified as having well controlled asthma and 35 (42%) uncontrolled. FeNO correlated with serum eosinophil counts (r = 0.450, p < 0.001), ACT (r = -0.648, p < 0.001), and FEV1 percentage predicted (r = -0.353, p = 0.001). High FeNO (>50 ppb) was associated with an over fivefold increased risk of having an abnormal FEV1 percentage predicted. CONCLUSION FeNO levels significantly correlated with the ACT scores, serum eosinophil counts and FEV1% predicted among the asthma patients who were on inhaled corticosteroid therapy. High FeNO was significantly associated with abnormal FEV1 percentage predicted. We suggest that the point of care assessment of FeNO is a reliable marker of eosinophilic inflammation in our cohort of patients and together with 'ACT scores' in our asthma clinics could increase asthma control rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S. Afriyie-Mensah
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Philemon Domoyeri
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert Aryee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gifty B. Dankwah
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mabel Ntiamoah
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Bartholomew Dzudzor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Kusi-Mensah
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles F. Hayfron-Benjamin
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
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El-Hashim AZ, Khajah MA, Orabi KY, Balakrishnan S, Sary HG, Barakat AM. Treatment with onion bulb extract both prevents and reverses allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:326-340. [PMID: 38584568 PMCID: PMC11003327 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2335187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Asthma presents a global health challenge. The main pharmacotherapy is synthetic chemicals and biological-based drugs that are costly, and have significant side effects. In contrast, use of natural products, such as onion (Allium cepa L., Amaryllidaceae) in the treatment of airway diseases has increased world-wide because of their perceived efficacy and little safety concerns. However, their pharmacological actions remain largely uncharacterized. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether onion bulb extract (OBE) can (1) reverse established asthma phenotype (therapeutic treatment) and/or (2) prevent the development of the asthma phenotype, if given before the immunization process (preventative treatment). MATERIALS AND METHODS Six groups of male Balb/c mice were established for the therapeutic (21 days) and five groups for the preventative (19 days) treatment protocols; including PBS and house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice treated with vehicle or OBE (30, 60, and 100 mg/kg/i.p.). Airways inflammation was determined using cytology, histology, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and serum IgE. RESULTS Therapeutic (60 mg/kg/i.p.) and preventative (100 mg/kg/i.p.) OBE treatment resulted in down-regulation of HDM-induced airway cellular influx, histopathological changes and the increase in expression of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT, pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum IgE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our data show that OBE is an effective anti-inflammatory agent with both therapeutic and preventative anti-asthma effects. These findings imply that onion/OBE may be used as an adjunct therapeutic agent in established asthma and/or to prevent development of allergic asthma. However, further studies to identify the active constituents, and demonstrate proof-of-concept in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z. El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maitham A. Khajah
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Y. Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sowmya Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hanan G. Sary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad M. Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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7
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Hebert AA, Flohr C, Hong HCH, Irvine AD, Pierce E, Elmaraghy H, Pillai S, Dawson Z, Chen S, Armengol C, Siegfried E, Weidinger S. Efficacy of lebrikizumab in adolescent patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 16-week results from three randomized phase 3 clinical trials. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2324833. [PMID: 38735650 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2324833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebrikizumab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody targeting IL-13, previously demonstrated clinical efficacy in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trials that included adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD): ADvocate1, ADvocate2, and ADhere. AIM This subset analysis evaluated 16-week physician- and patient-reported outcomes of lebrikizumab in the adolescent patients enrolled in these three trials. METHODS Eligible adolescents (≥12 to <18 years weighing ≥40kg) were randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous lebrikizumab (500 mg loading doses at baseline and Week 2 followed by 250 mg every 2 weeks) or placebo as monotherapy in ADvocate1&2, and in combination with topical corticosteroids (TCS) in the ADhere study. Week 16 analyses included clinical efficacy outcomes (IGA (0,1) with ≥2-point improvement, EASI 75, EASI 90), patient-reported Pruritus NRS ≥4-point improvement and Sleep-Loss Scale ≥2-point improvement. RESULTS Pooled ADvocate1&2 16-week results in lebrikizumab (N = 67) vs placebo (N = 35) were: IGA (0,1) 46.6% vs 14.3% (p < 0.01), EASI 75 62.0% vs 17.3% (p < 0.001), EASI 90 40.7% vs 11.5% (p < 0.01), Pruritus NRS 48.9% vs 13.1% (p < 0.01), and Sleep-Loss Scale 26.9% vs 6.9% (p = 0.137). Corresponding results for ADhere, (lebrikizumab + TCS, N = 32; placebo + TCS, N = 14), were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Lebrikizumab treatment demonstrated efficacy in improving the signs and symptoms of AD in adolescent patients, consistent with the ADvocate and ADhere overall population results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Chih-Ho Hong
- University of British Columbia, and Probity Medical Research, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Zach Dawson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Ren F, Zhu X, Liu J, Zhai Q, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Guan L, Guo Y, Chang L, Li X, Liu G, Chen J, Wang S. Associations of multiple risk factors with prenatal depression and anxiety: Evidence from the Tianjin Birth Cohort (TJBC) study. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:411-422. [PMID: 39216646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal mental disorders are associated with maternal and fetal adverse events. Previous studies have been focused on the postpartum period, rather than pregnancy, yet the association of risk factors with prenatal depression and anxiety through pregnancy has been rarely reported. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of prenatal depression and anxiety, and access their potential roles in developing mental disorders during pregnancy. METHODS This is a prospective study in 6470 participants from the Tianjin Birth Cohort in China (TJBC). The degree of prenatal depression and anxiety was evaluated using a questionnaire of Self-Rating Depression scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), which was given to pregnant women at 15-27 (Stage-2), and 28-41 (Stage-3) gestational weeks. The questionnaire also collected demographic, personal, and lifestyle information. The association of different factors with SDS/SAS score was examined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We observed an overall depression rate of 12.4 % and an overall anxiety rate of 7.7 % during pregnancy in the TJBC. In the Stage-2, the depression rate was 14.5 % and the anxiety rate was 9.5 %. In the Stage-3, the depression rate dropped to 9.7 % while the anxiety rate dropped to 5.3 %. With univariate analysis, we found that age, education, social support, marriage satisfaction, secondhand smoke (SHS), sleeping time and stress were common factors of prenatal mental health. Working status, family income, gravidity, smoking, electronic using, recreational activities were associated with depression risk, whereas BMI, disease history, changing eating habits, and feeding animal were associated with anxiety risk. Using logistic regression, we found that low education level, low social support, low marriage satisfaction, thyroid disfunction, Stage-2(second trimester), and stress were related to prenatal mental health. CONCLUSION The prevalence anxiety and depression in Tianjin is normal as national level. Age appropriateness, a good education level, sufficient social support, marital satisfaction, normal thyroid function, and absence of stress are associated with relieving depression and anxiety during gestation. However, due to individual difference, expectant mothers should seek professional support and guidance to address their mental health needs during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Ren
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518210, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518210, China
| | - Jinnan Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lingyao Guan
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518210, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lulin Chang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518210, China
| | - Xi Li
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China; BGI Research, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gongshu Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518210, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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9
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Feldman SR, Thyssen JP, Boeri M, Gerber R, Neary MP, Cha A, Hauber B, Cappelleri JC, Xenakis J, Leach C, Zeichner J. Adult, adolescent, and caregiver preferences for attributes of topical treatments for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: a discrete-choice experiment. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2304020. [PMID: 38221777 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2304020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Topical treatments for mild-to-moderate (MM) atopic dermatitis (AD) include emollients, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, a Janus kinase inhibitor, and a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, which differ in multiple ways. This study aimed to quantify the conditional relative importance (CRI) of attributes of topical treatments for MM AD among adult and adolescent patients and caregivers of children with MM AD.Materials and methods: A discrete-choice experiment (DCE) survey was administered to US adults and adolescents with MM AD and caregivers of children with MM AD. Each choice task comprised 2 hypothetical topical treatments characterized by efficacy, adverse events, vehicle, and application frequency. Data were analyzed using a random-parameters logit model to calculate the CRI of each attribute.Results and conclusions: 300 adults, 331 adolescents, and 330 caregivers completed the DCE. Avoiding changes in skin color (CRI 29.0) and time until itch improves (26.6) were most important to adults, followed by time until clear/almost clear skin (17.8). Application frequency (3.0) did not have a statistically significant impact on adults' choices. Adolescents were less concerned about changes in skin color than adults or caregivers; caregivers were less concerned about time until clear/almost clear skin than patients. Physicians should consider age-relevant aspects of preferences in treatment discussions with patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Boeri
- RTI Health Solutions, Belfast, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Cha
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Zeichner
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Jiang N, Zhao J, Zhou C, Nan X. Circulating interleukin-27 is associated with the risk of chronic periodontitis and allergic rhinitis: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2358070. [PMID: 38829359 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2358070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis (CP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) have attracted wide attention as global public health problems with high incidence. Recent studies have shown that circulating interleukin-27 (IL-27) is associated with the risk of CP and AR. The aim of this study is to analyze the causal effect between them using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Bidirectional MR analyses were performed with the use of publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Summary data on circulating IL-27, CP, and AR published in genome-wide association studies were collected. Instrumental variables (IV) were extracted using assumptions of correlation, independence and exclusivity as criteria. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method, combined with weighted median method (WM) and MR-Egger and other MR Analysis methods for causal inference of exposure and outcome. Cochran's Q and MR-Egger intercept were used for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The IVW study showed a causal effect between increased circulating IL-27 levels and increased risk of CP (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.02-1.26, p = .020). Similarly, the increase of circulating IL-27 level had a causal effect on the decreased risk of AR (OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80-0.97, p = .012). In addition, IVW study found that there was a causal between the increased risk of CP and circulating IL-27 level (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.10, p = .016). However, there was no significant causal relationship between the risk of AR and circulating IL-27 levels (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.91-1.02, p = .209). no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS There is a causal effect between circulating IL-27 level and CP, AR, which will help to find new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of CP and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - JingLi Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - ChuHuan Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - XinRong Nan
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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11
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Teixeira JS, Freitas M, Oliveira C, Pereira CR, Delerue-Matos C, Nouws HPA. Voltammetric immunosensor based on oxidized carbon nanotubes/MnFe 2O 4 hybrid nanoplatform for amplified detection of celery (Apium graveolens). Food Chem 2024; 460:140733. [PMID: 39111138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Celery is a food allergen that must be included in the ingredient list of commercial food products in the European Union. This is a challenge for the food industry because of potential cross-contamination and undeclared ingredients because of their low concentrations. So, the food industry requires expedited high-performance analytical methods. The development, validation and application of a magnetic nanomaterial-based voltammetric immunosensor is reported to quantify a major celery allergen (Api g 1), achieving a low limit of detection (32 pg·mL-1, in a 40-μL sample). The applicability of the biosensor was evaluated by analysing twenty food products and the lowest Api g 1 content (1.1 ± 0.9 mg·kg-1) was quantified in a cooked sample. The selectivity of the method and the interference of similar fresh products (e.g., parsley, basil) were evaluated. This portable and easy-to-use biosensor can be a fit-for-purpose solution to tackle a major problem for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; IFIMUP, Instituto de Física de Materiais Avançados, Nanotecnologia e Fotónica, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara R Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henri P A Nouws
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Yu H, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Niu FJ, Zhou C, Wan X, Gao L. Investigating the antiviral activity of Erigeron annuus (L.) pers extract against RSV and examining its active components. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118581. [PMID: 39019415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants in the genus Erigeron are known to exhibit antiviral activities, including those against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In traditional medicine Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers (EA) has been used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases and acute infectious hepatitis. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study is to determine the optimum extraction method to produce the most potent anti-RSV extract, elucidate its mode and mechanisms of antiviral activity in both in vitro and in vivo models, and identify the chemical structures of the bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole plant of EA was extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, water, aqueous methanol (60, 80% and 100%) and aqueous ethanol (50, 75% and 95%) using maceration, reflux, and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The antiviral activities of the extracts were determined in vitro. The in vitro antiviral activities of the extracts were determined using Hep-2 cells. Four in vitro experiments were performed to determine the mode of antiviral activity of the most active extract, ethyl acetate fraction (EAE) of Erigeron annuus whole plant extract prepared by refluxing with 50% ethanol, by examining its ability to inactivate the virus directly, inhibit viral adsorption and penetration, inhibit viral replication and preventive effect. The effect of temperature and duration of treatment on these modes of action was also determined. The antiviral activity of the EAE was also assessed in vivo in a mouse model. The lung index, viral load, and lung tissue histology were measured. qRT-PCR and ELISA studies were performed to determine the expression of key genes (TLR-3 and TLR-4) and proteins (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) related to RSV infection. The most active antiviral compound was isolated using chromatography techniques, and its chemical structure was identified through electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The EAE was the most active on RSV. In vitro experiments showed that the antiviral activity of EAE is via direct inactivation, inhibition of entry, and inhibition of the proliferation of the virus. In vivo experiments showed that the EAE effectively inhibited the proliferation of RSV in the lungs and alleviated the lung tissue lesions in RSV-infected mice. The antiviral activity of the EAE is mediated by downregulating the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in the lung, upregulating the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ, and downregulating the expression of TNF-α. Apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide was found to be a major bioactive compound in EAE. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed the antiviral activity of EA by inactivating, inhibiting the entry, and inhibiting the proliferation of RSV. The activity is mediated by regulating the immunity and inflammatory mediators. Apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide is the bioactive compound present in EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250013, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Yuzhuo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Feng Jv Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Lina Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
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13
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Chen M, Wang R, Wang T. Gut microbiota and skin pathologies: Mechanism of the gut-skin axis in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112658. [PMID: 39137625 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are chronic skin diseases with a global impact, posing significant challenges to public health systems and severely affecting patients' quality of life. This review delves into the key role of the gut microbiota in these diseases, emphasizing the importance of the gut-skin axis in inflammatory mediators and immune regulation and revealing a complex bidirectional communication system. We comprehensively assessed the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies for AD and psoriasis, with a particular focus on how the gut microbiota and their metabolites influence disease progression via the gut-skin axis. In addition, personalized treatment plans based on individual patient microbiome characteristics have been proposed, offering new perspectives for future treatment approaches. We call for enhanced interdisciplinary cooperation to further explore the interactions between gut microbiota and skin diseases and to assess the potential of drugs and natural products in modulating the gut-skin axis, aiming to advance the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China.
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14
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Zhao C, Jin H, Lei Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Lu Q. The dual effects of Benzo(a)pyrene/Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide on DNA Methylation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175042. [PMID: 39084379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is one of the most thoroughly studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and a widespread organic pollutant in various areas of human life. Its teratogenic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic effects on organisms are well documented and widely recognized by researchers. In the body, BaP is enzymatically converted to form a more active benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE). BaP/BPDE has the potential to trigger gene mutations, influence epigenetic modifications and cause damage to cellular structures, ultimately contributing to disease onset and progression. However, there are different points of view when studying epigenetics using BaP/BPDE. On the one hand, it is claimed in cancer research that BaP/BPDE contributes to gene hypermethylation and, in particular, induces the hypermethylation of tumor's suppressor gene promoters, leading to gene silencing and subsequent cancer development. Conversely, studies in human and animal populations suggest that exposure to BaP results in genome-wide DNA hypomethylation, potentially leading to adverse outcomes in inflammatory diseases. This apparent contradiction has not been summarized in research for almost four decades. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current literature on the influence of BaP/BPDE on DNA methylation regulation. It demonstrates that BaP/BPDE exerts a dual-phase regulatory effect on methylation, which is influenced by factors such as the concentration and duration of BaP/BPDE exposure, experimental models and detection methods used in various studies. Acute/high concentration exposure to BaP/BPDE often results in global demethylation of DNA, which is associated with inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) after exposure. At certain specific gene loci (e.g., RAR-β), BPDE can form DNA adducts, recruiting DNMT3 and leading to hypermethylation at specific sites. By integrating these different mechanisms, our goal is to unravel the patterns and regulations of BaP/BPDE-induced DNA methylation changes and provide insights into future precision therapies targeting epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Changsha, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Changsha, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Changsha, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Changsha, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Fu Y, Song YL, Liu ZG. Recent developments in immunotherapy approaches for allergic rhinitis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6451-6461. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i31.6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) poses a significant global health burden, with the potential to progress to asthma, thereby impacting patients’ quality of life. Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical symptoms by altering the underlying disease mechanisms of AR. This article provides a thorough review of the current state of immunotherapy for AR, encompassing various facets of immunotherapeutic strategies, elucidating their mechanisms and clinical implications. By presenting a nuanced understanding of the present landscape of immunotherapy for AR, this review aims to serve as a valuable reference for informing clinical treatment strategies. The subsequent analysis of diverse immunotherapeutic pathways offers a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and clinical implications. A meticulous examination is conducted on subcutaneous immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy, oral immunotherapy, intralymphatic immunotherapy, and innovative intravenous gold-induced autologous serum injection therapy. Each pathway is systematically elucidated, with its distinctive features and potential contributions to managing AR emphasized. In conclusion, synthesizing epidemiological insights, immunotherapeutic nuances, and pathway-specific analyses encapsulates a profound understanding of immunotherapy for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Drug Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Lai Song
- Drug Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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16
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Obeidat L, Abu-Halaweh M, Alzyoud R, Albsoul E, Zaravinos A. Genetic causes of primary immunodeficiency in the Jordanian population. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:160. [PMID: 39268404 PMCID: PMC11391178 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ιnborn errors of immunity (IEI) represents a heterogenous collection of >480 immune system anomalies, leading to severe infections, autoimmune disorders and malignancies. While these conditions are rare globally, their prevalence is notably higher in the Jordanian population, attributed to elevated rates of consanguinity. The intricate nature of IEI has driven the adoption of genomic technologies for the identification of associated genetic defects. In the present study, whole-exome sequencing was performed on nine Jordanian IEI patient samples, confirming germline single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in 14 genes through Sanger sequencing. Of note, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), elastase, neutrophil expressed (ELANE) and interferon induced with helicase c domain 1 (IFIH1) harbored mutations that were previously unreported in the Jordanian IEI population. In addition, mutations in capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 2 (c.3683C>T), TNFα-induced protein 3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) (c.460C>G) and STAT1 (c.1061T>C) were confirmed, marking their association with Jordanian IEI. For robustness, the genomic databases Ensemble, Genome AD and ClinVar were used to confirm the SNVs' associations with IEI. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis also showed involvement of the IL-17 signaling pathway (including IL-17 receptor A), T-helper type 17 cell differentiation (including STAT1), the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (including STAT2 and tyrosine kinase 2), neutrophil extracellular trap formation (including ELANE), cocaine addiction [G protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1)] and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (IL-17 receptor C). In summary, exome sequencing identified a likely causative genetic defect in ELANE (PID-28), STAT1 (PID-30) and IFIH1 (PID-33). The present findings reveal the association of novel STAT1, ELANE mutations with the clinical phenotype of the patients, as well as known mutations in NLRP12, GPSM1 and TNIP1, in addition to novel ELANE, STAT1 and IFIH1 mutations associated in the context of Jordanian IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiy Obeidat
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Marwan Abu-Halaweh
- Primary Immunodeficiency Department, Queen Rania Al Abdullah Hospital for Children, King Hussein Medical Center, Queen Rania Al Abdullah Hospital for Children, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raed Alzyoud
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Queen Rania Children's Hospital, Queen Rania Al Abdullah Hospital For Children, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Eman Albsoul
- Genetics Laboratory, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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17
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O'Hora KP, Amir CM, Chiem E, Schleifer CH, Grigoryan V, Kushan-Wells L, Chiang JJ, Cole S, Irwin MR, Bearden CE. Differential inflammatory profiles in carriers of reciprocal 22q11.2 copy number variants. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 169:107135. [PMID: 39116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic copy number variants (CNVs; i.e., a deletion or duplication) at the 22q11.2 locus confer increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders and immune dysfunction. Inflammatory profiles of 22q11.2 CNV carriers can shed light on gene-immune relationships that may be related to neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, little is known about inflammation and its relationship to clinical phenotypes in 22q11.2 CNV carriers. Here, we investigate differences in peripheral inflammatory markers in 22q11.2 CNV carriers and explore their relationship with psychosis risk symptoms and sleep disturbance. METHODS Blood samples and clinical assessments were collected from 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) carriers (n=45), 22q11.2 duplication (22qDup) carriers (n=29), and typically developing (TD) control participants (n=92). Blood plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using a MesoScale Discovery multiplex immunoassay. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, sex, and body mass index were used to: a) examine group differences in inflammatory markers between 22qDel, 22qDup, and TD controls, b) test differences in inflammatory markers between 22qDel carriers with psychosis risk symptoms (22qDelPS+) and those without (22qDelPS-), and c) conduct an exploratory analysis testing the effect of sleep disturbance on inflammation in 22qDel and 22qDup carriers. A false discovery rate correction was used to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS 22qDup carriers exhibited significantly elevated levels of IL-8 relative to TD controls (q<0.001) and marginally elevated IL-8 levels relative to 22qDel carriers (q=0.08). There were no other significant differences in inflammatory markers between the three groups (q>0.13). 22qDelPS+ exhibited increased levels of IL-8 relative to both 22qDelPS- (q=0.02) and TD controls (p=0.002). There were no relationships between sleep and inflammatory markers that survived FDR correction (q>0.14). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CNVs at the 22q11.2 locus may have differential effects on inflammatory processes related to IL-8, a key mediator of inflammation produced by macrophages and microglia. Further, these IL-8-mediated inflammatory processes may be related to psychosis risk symptoms in 22qDel carriers. Additional research is required to understand the mechanisms contributing to these differential levels of IL-8 between 22q11.2 CNV carriers and IL-8's association with psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P O'Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Amir
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Chiem
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles H Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vardui Grigoryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Bishayee A, Kavalakatt J, Sunkara C, Johnson O, Zinzuwadia SS, Collignon TE, Banerjee S, Barbalho SM. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A comprehensive and critical review on cancer prevention and intervention. Food Chem 2024; 457:140142. [PMID: 38936122 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a tropical fruit with various health benefits. The objective of this study is to present a thorough analysis of the cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic properties of litchi constituents and phytocompounds. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis criteria were followed in this work. Various litchi extracts and constituents were studied for their anticancer effects. In vitro studies showed that litchi-derived components reduced cell proliferation, induced cytotoxicity, and promoted autophagy via increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Based on in vivo studies, litchi flavonoids and other extracted constituents significantly reduced tumor size, number, volume, and metastasis. Major signaling pathways impacted by litchi constituents were shown to stimulate proapoptotic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic activities. Despite promising antineoplastic activities, additional research, especially in vivo and clinical studies, is necessary before litchi-derived products and phytochemicals can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Joachim Kavalakatt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Charvi Sunkara
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Olivia Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Shweta S Zinzuwadia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Taylor E Collignon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, 17012-150, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17012-150, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Goudarzi H, Ikeda A, Bamai YA, Yokota I, Miyashita C, Karmaus W, Kishi R, Konno S. Impact of wheat sensitization on wheeze and T2 phenotypes in general population of children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100300. [PMID: 39170911 PMCID: PMC11338083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The association between sensitization to specific aeroallergens and outcomes in patients with asthma is well researched; however, the association between childhood-onset wheeze/asthma and sensitization to various aeroallergens and food allergens in the general pediatric population remains poorly understood. Objective We sought to investigate the association between sensitization to common aeroallergens and food allergens with wheeze and type 2 (T2) inflammation in the general pediatric population. Methods Specific IgEs against 9 aeroallergens and 4 food allergens were measured in the prospective Hokkaido birth cohort of 428 school-age children (age ∼10 years). Wheeze and other allergic symptoms were assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Blood eosinophil count and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level were assessed as T2 biomarkers. The Isle of Wight birth cohort in the United Kingdom was used for replication analysis (n = 1032). Results The prevalence of sensitization to at least 1 aeroallergen and food allergen was 70.5% and 22.3%, respectively. A significant association between wheeze and sensitization to aeroallergens such as ragweed, Japanese cedar, mugwort, and pet dander was found. However, the association between wheeze and wheat sensitization was highly significant (Hokkaido birth cohort: odds ratio, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.98-11.01; Isle of Wight birth cohort, odds ratio, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.78-9.07). Sensitization to most aeroallergens, though not any food allergen, was associated with the T2-high phenotype. Conclusions Sensitization to wheat may be an important risk factor for wheeze/asthma development, especially the pathogenesis of T2-non/low asthma, independent of aeroallergens, in the general pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Goudarzi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Chin TGJ, Ruethers T, Chan BA, Lopata AL, Du J. Techno-functional properties and allergenicity of mung bean (Vigna radiata) protein isolates from Imara and KPS2 varieties. Food Chem 2024; 457:140069. [PMID: 38936132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mung bean is an increasingly cultivated legume. This study compared mung bean varieties 'KPS2' from Thailand (Th) and 'Imara' from Tanzania (T) with a focus on protein composition, allergenicity, and techno-functional properties. Two rounds alkaline-acid extraction were performed to produce mung bean protein isolate (MBPI - Th1/T1 and Th2/T2), supernatant (S) and protein-poor residue (PPR). Mass spectrometric analysis revealed high abundance of 8 s-vicilin and 11 s-legumin in MBPI and S. Extraction removed considerable amounts of the seed albumin allergen but increased the relative abundance of cupins in MBPI. Higher vicilin levels were found in Th1 samples, contributed to increased protein solubility above pH 6.5. Th formed stronger gels which were more stable at higher frequencies. In contrast, T proteins were structurally more flexible, leading to its improved foaming ability. This study provides the knowledge and methods for appropriate selection of mung bean varieties for various food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Gun Jeremy Chin
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Thimo Ruethers
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Queensland 4811, Australia; Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bing Aleo Chan
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Andreas Ludwig Lopata
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Queensland 4811, Australia; Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Juan Du
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore; Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore Health Services, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 15 168582, Singapore.
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21
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Almulla AF, Thipakorn Y, Zhou B, Vojdani A, Maes M. Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:75-94. [PMID: 39127088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown that Long COVID (LC) disease is associated with heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis focusing on activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) along with other immune phenotypes in LC patients. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis is designed to explore the IRS and CIRS profiles in LC patients, the individual cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and immune-associated neurotoxicity. METHODS To gather relevant studies for our research, we conducted a thorough search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, covering all available literature up to July 5th, 2024. RESULTS The current meta-analysis encompassed 103 studies that examined multiple immune profiles, C-reactive protein, and 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 5502 LC patients versus 5962 normal controls (NC). LC patients showed significant increases in IRS/CIRS ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD: 0.156, confidence interval (CI): 0.062;0.250), IRS (SMD: 0.338, CI: 0.236;0.440), M1 macrophage (SMD: 0.371, CI: 0.263;0.480), T helper (Th)1 (SMD: 0.316, CI: 0.185;0.446), Th17 (SMD: 0.439, CI: 0.302;0.577) and immune-associated neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.384, CI: 0.271;0.497). In addition, CRP and 21 different cytokines displayed significantly elevated levels in LC patients compared to NC. CONCLUSION LC disease is characterized by IRS activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F Almulla
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bo Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA; Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA
| | - Michael Maes
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychological Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Strategic Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU - PLOVDIV-(SRIPD-MUP), European Union - NextGenerationEU; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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22
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Oskar S, Mook J, Smith MK, Huang X, McDonald JA. Temporal trends in phthalate metabolite exposure of girls in the United States across sociodemographic factors and intersectional social identities: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119755. [PMID: 39117051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to phthalates during the pubertal window is linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases. Understanding temporal trends in exposure can inform public health initiatives. OBJECTIVE Characterize temporal trends in phthalate metabolite levels in adolescent girls overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We used the cross-sectional data from each cycle of NHANES from years 2001-2018. We included participants aged 8-14 years who had at least one urinary measurement of the selected 12 phthalate metabolites within the study period (n = 2063). We used multivariable linear regression to assess temporal trends for selected individual phthalate metabolite concentrations (ng/ml) and source groupings of parent metabolites (sum low and high molecular weight phthalates; ∑LMW and ∑HMW), overall and by sociodemographic characteristics (race/ethnicity), nativity, socioeconomic status (SES), intersection of race/ethnicity-SES) to assess for modification. RESULTS Overall, levels of ∑HMW and ∑LMW declined between 2001 and 2018; however, only ∑LMW consistently differed by all sociodemographic characteristics. Trends in ∑LMW concentration were significantly higher across all racial/ethnic groups, ranging from an average of 35% (Other Hispanic) to 65% (Mexican American and non-Hispanic Black) higher than non-Hispanic White (all p-values <0.0001). Compared to non-Hispanic White, a significant decrease in MiBP concentrations was observed for non-Hispanic Black (15% decrease βSpline = -0.16, p < 0.0001) and Other Hispanic (28% decrease, βSpline = -0.33, p = 0.01) in 2011-2018 versus 2001-2010. Summary and individual LMW metabolite phthalate concentrations were 11%-49% higher among girls with low vs. high SES. LMW metabolites MBP and MiBP were on average 22% and 35% higher, respectively, among foreign-born vs. U.S.-born girls. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, all racial/ethnic groups had statistically significant higher trends in ∑LMW concentrations irrespective of SES. SIGNIFICANCE Girls identifying with a historically disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups exhibited elevated ∑LMW concentrations irrespective of SES; suggesting the need for targeted interventions to mitigate exposure among the most historically disadvantaged strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oskar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Mook
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle K Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinying Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Cuinat S, Bézieau S, Deb W, Mercier S, Vignard V, Isidor B, Küry S, Ebstein F. Understanding neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies as new rare disease entities: A review of current concepts, molecular biomarkers, and perspectives. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101130. [PMID: 39220754 PMCID: PMC11364055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in high throughput sequencing technology have drastically changed the practice of medical diagnosis, allowing for rapid identification of hundreds of genes causing human diseases. This unprecedented progress has made clear that most forms of intellectual disability that affect more than 3% of individuals worldwide are monogenic diseases. Strikingly, a substantial fraction of the mendelian forms of intellectual disability is associated with genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, a highly conserved pathway made up of approximately 1200 genes involved in the regulation of protein homeostasis. Within this group is currently emerging a new class of neurodevelopmental disorders specifically caused by proteasome pathogenic variants which we propose to designate "neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies". Besides cognitive impairment, these diseases are typically associated with a series of syndromic clinical manifestations, among which facial dysmorphism, motor delay, and failure to thrive are the most prominent ones. While recent efforts have been made to uncover the effects exerted by proteasome variants on cell and tissue landscapes, the molecular pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies remains ill-defined. In this review, we discuss the cellular changes typically induced by genomic alterations in proteasome genes and explore their relevance as biomarkers for the diagnosis, management, and potential treatment of these new rare disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Cuinat
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Wallid Deb
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
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24
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Hasegawa-Ishii S, Komaki S, Asano H, Imai R, Osaki T. Chronic nasal inflammation early in life induces transient and long-term dysbiosis of gut microbiota in mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 41:100848. [PMID: 39280089 PMCID: PMC11402449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota begins to colonize the host body following birth, develops during the suckling period and changes to the adult type after weaning. The early gut microbiota during the suckling period is thought to have profound effects on the host physiology throughout life but it is still unclear whether early dysbiosis is retained lifelong. Our previous study indicated that chronic nasal inflammation induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota in adult mice. In the present study, we addressed the question as to whether early exposure to chronic nasal inflammation induces dysbiosis, and if so, whether the dysbiosis is retained until adulthood and the sex differences in this effect. Male and female mice received repeated intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline twice a week from P7 to P24 and were weaned at P24. The cecal contents were obtained for 16S rRNA analysis at 2 time points: at 4 weeks (wks), just after weaning, and at maturation to adulthood at 10 wks. The body weight did not differ between saline- and LPS-treated mice till around weaning, suggesting that the mothers' milk was given similarly to all mice. At 4 wks, the beta diversity was significantly different between saline- and LPS-treated male and female mice and the composition of the gut microbiota changed in LPS-treated mice. The abundance of phylum Bacteroidota tended to decrease and that of Firmicutes increased in LPS-treated male mice, while the abundance of Deferribacterota increased in LPS-treated female mice. At 10 wks, the beta diversity was not different between saline- and LPS-treated mice, but the abundance of family Lachnospiraceae significantly decreased in LPS-treated male and female mice by LEfSe analysis. Together, chronic nasal inflammation early in life caused transient and long-term dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which may contribute to the onset and progress of metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Suzuho Komaki
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Hinami Asano
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Imai
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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25
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Yount CS, Scheible K, Thurston SW, Qiu X, Ge Y, Hopke PK, Lin Y, Miller RK, Murphy SK, Brunner J, Barrett E, O'Connor TG, Zhang J, Rich DQ. Short term air pollution exposure during pregnancy and associations with maternal immune markers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119639. [PMID: 39034020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy, birth, and child health outcomes. One proposed mechanism underlying these associations is maternal immune activation and dysregulation. We examined associations between PM2.5 and NO2 exposure during pregnancy and immune markers within immune function groups (TH1, TH2, TH17, Innate/Early Activation, Regulatory, Homeostatic, and Proinflammatory), and examined whether those associations changed across pregnancy. METHODS In a pregnancy cohort study (n = 290) in Rochester, New York, we measured immune markers (using Luminex) in maternal plasma up to 3 times during pregnancy. We estimated ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations at participants' home addresses using a spatial-temporal model. Using mixed effects models, we estimated changes in immune marker concentrations associated with interquartile range increases in PM2.5 (2.88 μg/m3) and NO2 (7.82 ppb) 0-6 days before blood collection, and assessed whether associations were different in early, mid, and late pregnancy. RESULTS Increased NO2 concentrations were associated with higher maternal immune markers, with associations observed across TH1, TH2, TH17, Regulatory, and Homeostatic groups of immune markers. Furthermore, the largest increases in immune markers associated with each 7.82 ppb increase in NO2 concentration were in late pregnancy (e.g., IL-23 = 0.26 pg/ml, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.46) compared to early pregnancy (e.g., IL-23 = 0.08 pg/ml, 95% CI = -0.11, 0.26). CONCLUSIONS Results were suggestive of NO2-related immune activation. Increases in effect sizes from early to mid to late pregnancy may be due to changes in immune function over the course of pregnancy. These findings provide a basis for immune activation as a mechanism for previously observed associations between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and reduced birthweight, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Yount
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K Scheible
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S W Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Y Ge
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Sciences, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Y Lin
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R K Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S K Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E Barrett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - T G O'Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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26
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Wharton R, Mathis N, Wang JG, Meislin R, Liu B, Abdurrahman N, Le V, Rurak K, Hanson C, Que LG, Shaz D, Bose S. Feasibility of remote spirometry monitoring of asthma in pregnancy. Respir Med 2024; 233:107782. [PMID: 39187093 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wharton
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah Mathis
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Gennie Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Meislin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Najla Abdurrahman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vi Le
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Rurak
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Division of Medical Nutrition Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Loretta G Que
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Shaz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sonali Bose
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Siegler Lathrop T, Perego S, Bastiaanssen TFS, van Hemert S, Chronakis IS, Diaz Heijtz R. Multispecies probiotic intake during pregnancy modulates neurodevelopmental trajectories of offspring: Aiming towards precision microbial intervention. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:547-554. [PMID: 39197545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the pivotal role of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy in shaping offspring neurodevelopment. In this study, we investigated the impact of maternal intake of a multispecies probiotic formulation during a critical prenatal window (from gestational day 6 until birth) on neurodevelopmental trajectories in mice. Our findings demonstrate significant and persistent benefits in emotional behavior, gut microbiota composition, and expression of tight junction-related genes, particularly in male offspring, who exhibited heightened sensitivity to the probiotic intervention compared to females. Additionally, we observed elevated gene expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of exposed juvenile offspring; however, these changes persisted only in the adult male offspring. Furthermore, the sustained increase in the expression of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT1), which is involved in the transport of bacterial peptidoglycan motifs, in the PFC of exposed male offspring suggests a potential mechanistic pathway underlying the observed sex-dependent effects on behavior and gene expression. These results underscore the potential of prenatal multispecies probiotic interventions to promote long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, with implications for precision microbial reconstitution aimed at promoting healthy neurodevelopment and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Siegler Lathrop
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Denmark
| | - Sarah Perego
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Saskia van Hemert
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis S Chronakis
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Denmark
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Al Nahas S, Abouammoh N, Althagafi W, Alomary SA, Almutairi AS, Assiri AM, Alqahtani A, Abd-Ellatif EE. Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of eczema among young children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A national cross-sectional study, 2019. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100299. [PMID: 39170912 PMCID: PMC11338081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease with a significant global health burden. Eczema has a significant impact on quality of life. Objective We aimed to estimate the prevalence, severity, and risk factors associated with eczema among schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. Methods The standardized Global Asthma Network questionnaires and methodology were used to conduct a nationwide cross-sectional study across 20 regions in Saudi Arabia between March and April 2019. Data were collected from 137 primary schools and 140 intermediate schools by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Results The study included 3614 young children aged 6 to 7 years and 4068 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years. Current eczema was prevalent among 4.5% of the children and 5.1% of the adolescents. Severe eczema was reported in 0.8% and 0.9% of the young children and adolescents, respectively. Several factors showed significant association with eczema. Among the children, eczema was linked positively to having a history of chest infections and wheezing in early life, as well as to ever attending day care and current exposure to cats. Among the adolescents, the main potential risk factors included paracetamol use in the previous year, adherence to a lifestyle of vigorous physical activity, and current exposure to cats. Conversely, high consumption of nuts was found to be negatively associated with eczema. Conclusion The prevalence of eczema in schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia is lower than the global average but within the average range for the Eastern Mediterranean region. Further studies in Saudi Arabia should be conducted to identify variation among different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Al Nahas
- Department of Public Health Protection, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noura Abouammoh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Althagafi
- General Directorate of Health Programs and Chronic Diseases, Asthma Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Alomary
- General Directorate of Health Programs and Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah M. Assiri
- Assitant Agency for the Preventive Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alqahtani
- General Directorate of Health Programs and Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Elsayed Abd-Ellatif
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Weng X, Liao G, Wang F, Li W, Kwan MP, Arrandale VH, Tse LA. Association of residential greenness with incident allergic rhinitis among adults: A prospective analysis of UK Biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174184. [PMID: 38909811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have assessed the impact of residential greenness exposure on allergic rhinitis in adults, and its relationship with ambient air pollutants remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of residential greenness with allergic rhinitis incidence and explore the mediation effects of ambient air pollutants in adults using data from a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank. METHODS Greenness was defined as the area-weighted mean of greenness coverage based on the land used data from the Generalized Land Use Database for England (GLUD) 2005 in the UK Biobank. Multiple Cox proportional hazard models and a generalized additive model incorporating restricted cubic splines were used to model the potential nonlinear effect of residential greenness on allergic rhinitis incidence and the potential mediation effect of ambient air pollutants. RESULTS Among the 281,699 subjects included in the analysis, 3260 allergic rhinitis incident cases occurred after a median follow-up of 14 years. With per 10% increase in residential greenness at a 300-m buffer, a 2.5% (95% CI: 1.0%, 4.0%) decreased risk of allergic rhinitis was observed. An L-shaped, non-linear dose-response relationship was indicated with a threshold of 54.9% greenness above which no excess allergic rhinitis risk was seen. PM10 partially mediated the relationship between greenness and allergic rhinitis incidence with a mediation effect of 26.9% (95% CI: 12.6%, 41.2%). A similar pattern of association was found at 1000-m buffer size. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a significant beneficial effect of residential greenness on reducing allergic rhinitis incidence. Greenness may erase air pollutants and mitigate the rhinitis risk from air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Weng
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Gengze Liao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | | | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; CUHK Centre for Public Health and Primary Care (Shenzhen) & Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Pala F, Notarangelo LD, Bosticardo M. Rediscovering the human thymus through cutting-edge technologies. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230892. [PMID: 39167072 PMCID: PMC11338284 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances have transformed our understanding of the human thymus. Innovations such as high-resolution imaging, single-cell omics, and organoid cultures, including thymic epithelial cell (TEC) differentiation and culture, and improvements in biomaterials, have further elucidated the thymus architecture, cellular dynamics, and molecular mechanisms underlying T cell development, and have unraveled previously unrecognized levels of stromal cell heterogeneity. These advancements offer unprecedented insights into thymic biology and hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pala
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ahn HS, Lee SY, Kang MJ, Hong SB, Song JW, Do KH, Yeom J, Yu J, Oh Y, Hong JY, Chung EH, Kim K, Hong SJ. Polyhexamethylene guanidine aerosol causes irreversible changes in blood proteins that associated with the severity of lung injury. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135359. [PMID: 39126856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a positively charged polymer used as a disinfectant that kills microbes but can cause pulmonary fibrosis if inhaled. After the long-term risks were confirmed in South Korea, it became crucial to measure toxicity through diverse surrogate biomarkers, not only proteins, especially after these hazardous chemicals had cleared from the body. These biomarkers, identified by their biological functions rather than simple numerical calculations, effectively explained the imbalance of pulmonary surfactant caused by fibrosis from PHMG exposure. These long-term studies on children exposed to PHMG has shown that blood protein indicators, primarily related to apolipoproteins and extracellular matrix, can distinguish the degree of exposure to humidifier disinfectants (HDs). We defined the extreme gradient boosting models and computed reflection scores based on just ten selected proteins, which were also verified in adult women exposed to HD. The reflection scores successfully discriminated between the HD-exposed and unexposed groups in both children and adult females (AUROC: 0.957 and 0.974, respectively) and had a strong negative correlation with lung function indicators. Even after an average of more than 10 years, blood is still considered a meaningful specimen for assessing the impact of environmental exposure to toxic substances, with proteins providing in identifying the pathological severity of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Ahn
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Mi-Jin Kang
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Do
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeounghun Yeom
- Prometabio Research Institute, prometabio co., ltd., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Yu
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yumi Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Yeon Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Liu J, Yao B, Luo Y, Zhou Z, Ma X, Ding Y, Wang M. Effects of WuHuTang on the function and autophagy of dendritic cells treated with exosomes induced by RSV. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118397. [PMID: 38806137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE WuHuTang (WHT) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound for treating asthma, and the evidence supports that it has a good effect on acute asthma attacks in children and adults. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute asthma attacks, and the effect on dendritic cells is the key to its pathogenesis. Previous studies have confirmed that the pathogenesis of viruses is related to exosomes. However, there are few studies on the exosomes induced by RSV. Whether WHT can improve the changes caused by RSV-induced exosomes or not is worthy of further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to study the effects of RSV-induced exosomes on the function and autophagy of dendritic cells, and to observe the intervention effect of WHT serum on the above effects. METHODS The co-culture model of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by RSV (BMSCs-Exo-RSV) and dendritic cells was established, and then WHT serum was used to intervene. After 24 h of intervention, the CCK-8 method, flow cytometry, Elisa, RT-qCPR, and Western blot were used to detect the above-mentioned culture model. RESULTS RSV-induced exosomes had certain effects on viability, apoptosis, and costimulatory molecules generation of dendritic cells. At the same time, the levels of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and autophagy increased, while the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β decreased, and the AKT/TSC/mTOR pathway was inhibited. WHT serum could activate this pathway and reverse the above changes in dendritic cells. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the pathogenic effect of RSV is related to the exosomes induced by RSV. The exosomes induced by RSV affect the function of dendritic cells by inhibiting the AKT/TSC/mTOR pathway, which can be activated by WHT to reverse the effects caused by RSV-induced exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yinhe Luo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health, Hunan, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, Changsha, 410007, China.
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De Leon AJ, Tjiam MC, Yu Y. B cell epitope mapping: The journey to better vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130674. [PMID: 39079649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
B-cell epitope mapping is an approach that can identify and characterise specific antigen binding sites of B-cell receptors and secreted antibodies. The ability to determine the antigenic clusters of amino acids bound by B-cell clones provides unprecedented detail that will aid in developing novel and effective vaccine targets and therapeutic antibodies for various diseases. Here, we discuss conventional approaches and emerging techniques that are used to map B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Joanne De Leon
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Christian Tjiam
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yu Yu
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Western Australia Medical School, WA, Australia.
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Denizli M, Ropa J, Beasley L, Ghosh J, DeVanna K, Spice T, Haneline LS, Capitano M, Kua KL. Glucose intolerance as a consequence of hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction in offspring of obese mice. Mol Metab 2024; 88:102008. [PMID: 39142562 PMCID: PMC11395717 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal obesity is increasingly common and negatively impacts offspring health. Children of mothers with obesity are at higher risk of developing diseases linked to hematopoietic system abnormalities and metabolism such as type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, disease risks are often dependent on the offspring's sex, suggesting sex-specific reprogramming effect of maternal obesity on offspring hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function. However, the impact of maternal obesity exposure on offspring HSPC function, and the capability of HSPC to regulate offspring metabolic health is largely understudied. This study aims to test the hypothesis that offspring of obese mice exhibit sex-differences in HSPC function that affect offspring's metabolic health. METHODS We first assessed bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell phenotype using postnatal day 21 (P21) and 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice born to control and diet-induced obese dams. We also sorted HSPC (Lineage-, Sca1+, cKit + cells) from P21 mice for competitive primary and secondary transplant, as well as transcriptomic analysis. Body weight, adiposity, insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance tests were performed in primary and secondary transplant recipient animals. RESULTS We discovered sex-differences in offspring HSPC function in response to maternal obesity exposure, where male offspring of obese dams (MatOb) showed decreased HSPC numbers and engraftment, while female MatOb offspring remained largely unaffected. RNA-seq revealed immune stimulatory pathways in female MatOb offspring. Finally, only recipients of male MatOb offspring HSPC exhibited glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the lasting effect of maternal obesity exposure on offspring HSPC function and implicates HSPC in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Denizli
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Lindsay Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Kelli DeVanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Taylor Spice
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Laura S Haneline
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
| | - Kok Lim Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA; Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
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Kamga A, Bourrain JL, Demoly P, Tanno LK. Evidence-based data support strategies for the prevention of Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:330-340. [PMID: 39052760 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to identify phenotypes at-risk of Hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis (HVA), focusing on different perspectives (epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic) in order to adapt future preventive strategies. RECENT FINDINGS HVA remains one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis, with a broad pattern of symptoms. Although most cases occur outside healthcare settings, data indicate a high emergency admission rate due to insect stings. Mortality is often underestimated because of the lack of witnesses and difficulties in recognizing the signs and the culprit. Targeting risk factors could be a clue to improve these statistics and the prognosis of the disease.Potential risk factors for severe HVA in the European population are basal serum tryptase (BST) above 8 μg, mast cell disorders, the absence of skin symptoms, and cardiovascular conditions requiring the use of beta blockers and ACE inhibitors. Identifying these criteria, mainly based on clinical patterns, helps to develop personalized strategies for management and prevention. SUMMARY With a personalized medicine approach, phenotypes must be characterized to adapt to the management of patients suffering from Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis (HVA), including venom immunotherapy (VIT). In this systematic review, all articles mentioned systemic reactions with heterogeneous severity degrees. Half of those reported grade III-IV systemic reactions (Ring and Messmer). HVA clinical patterns could be worsened by one Hymenoptera sting, a patient's history with mast cell disorders, or cardiovascular diseases. VIT failure was attributed to bee venom extract and monotherapy in two-thirds of publications. Findings stress the difficulty of having uniform epidemiological data on HVA and the lack of financial support in some world regions to support appropriate management of these conditions. Although observing a heterogeneity of data, we were able to identify potential risk factors, in particular for the severe cases. We believe our work will support allergists and health professionals to implement improved personalized management of patients suffering from severe HVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Kamga
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergy Unit, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, University Hospital of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest
- Department of Immunology, 'Hypersensibilité et Auto-immunité' Unit, UMR 996 INSERM, Hôpital Bichat- Claude Bernard, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris
| | - Jean Luc Bourrain
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier - INSERM - Inria (Premedical)
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier - INSERM - Inria (Premedical)
- 3 WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
| | - Luciana Kase Tanno
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier - INSERM - Inria (Premedical)
- 3 WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
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Chiarella SE, Garcia-Guaqueta DP, Drake LY, Dixon RE, King KS, Ryu E, Pongdee T, Park MA, Kita H, Sagheb E, Kshatriya BSA, Sohn S, Wi CI, Sadighi Akha AA, Liu H, Juhn YJ. Sex differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables in childhood asthma: A birth cohort study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 133:403-412.e2. [PMID: 39019434 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are marked sex differences in the prevalence and severity of asthma, both during childhood and adulthood. There is a relative lack of comprehensive studies exploring sexdifferences in pediatric asthma cohorts. OBJECTIVE To identify the most relevant sex differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables in a well-characterized large pediatric asthma cohort. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Mayo Clinic Olmsted County Birth Cohort. In the full birth cohort, we used a natural language-processing algorithm based on the Predetermined Asthma Criteria for asthma ascertainment. In a stratified random sample of 300 children, we obtained additional pulmonary function tests and laboratory data. We identified the significant sex differences among available sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables. RESULTS Boys were more frequently diagnosed with having asthma than girls and were younger at the time of asthma diagnosis. There were no sex differences in relation to socioeconomic status. We identified a male predominance in the presence of a tympanostomy tube and a female predominance in the history of pneumonia. A higher percentage of boys had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio less than 0.85. Blood eosinophilia and atopic sensitization were also more common in boys. Finally, boys had higher levels of serum periostin than girls. CONCLUSION This study described significant sex differences in a large pediatric asthma cohort. Overall, boys had earlier and more severe asthma than girls. Differences in blood eosinophilia and serum periostin provide insights into possible mechanisms of the sex bias in childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Y Drake
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel E Dixon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katherine S King
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thanai Pongdee
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Miguel A Park
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Elham Sagheb
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Sunghwan Sohn
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Precision Population Science Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir A Sadighi Akha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Young J Juhn
- Precision Population Science Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Office of Mayo Clinic Health System Research, Mayo Clinic Health System, Rochester, Minnesota
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Li H, Kang L, Dou S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Cao Y, Liu M, Han D, Li K, Feng W. Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus ingredients and mechanism in anti-asthmatic bronchitis research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155857. [PMID: 39074420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus (GSF) is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma. However, there is a lack of research on the chemical composition of GSF and the pharmacological substance and mechanism of action for GSF in treating bronchial asthma. PURPOSE The chemical constituents of GSF were analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). In this study, we combined network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and experimental validation to explore the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of GSF in the treatment of bronchial asthma. METHODS Characterization of the chemical constituents of GSF was conducted using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The identified chemical components were subjected to screening for active ingredients in the Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) database. Relevant databases were utilized to retrieve target proteins for the active ingredients and targets associated with bronchial asthma disease, and the common targets between the two were selected. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database and Cytoscape software to identify key targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. The "component-common target" network was constructed using Cytoscape to identify the primary active ingredients. Molecular docking validation was conducted using AutoDock software. The bronchial asthma mouse model was established using ovalbumin (OVA), and the lung organ index of the mice was measured. Lung tissue pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson staining. The respiratory resistance (Penh) of the mice was assessed using a pulmonary function test instrument. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the mouse serum. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of AKT and PI3K in the lung tissues. An in vitro experiment was performed to observe the effects of echinocystic acid (EA) on IL-4 stimulated Human ASMCs (hASMCs). Cell viability was measured using a CCK-8 assay to calculate the IC50 value of the EA. A wound healing test was conducted to observe the effect of EA on degree of healing. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the influence of EA on the mRNA expression levels of ALB, SRC, TNF-α, AKT1, and IL6 in the cells. RESULTS A total of 95 chemical constituents were identified from the GSF. Of these, 37 were identified as active ingredients. There were 169 overlapping targets between the active ingredients and the disease targets. A topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified the core targets as IL6, TNF, ALB, AKT1, and SRC. An enrichment analysis revealed that the treatment of bronchial asthma with GSF primarily involved the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, among others. The primary active ingredients included 13(s)-HOTRE, linolenic acid, and acacetin. The molecular docking results demonstrated a favorable binding activity between the critical components of GSF and the core targets. Animal experimental studies indicated that GSF effectively improved symptoms, lung function, and lung tissue pathological changes in the OVA-induced asthmatic mice, while alleviating inflammatory responses. GSF decreased the fluorescent intensity of the AKT and PI3K proteins. The IC50 value of EA was 30.02μg/ml. EA (30) significantly promoted the proliferation of IL4-stimulated hASMCs cells. EA (30) significantly increased the expression of ALB and SRC mRNA and decreased the expressions of TNF-α, AKT, and IL6 mRNA. CONCLUSION The multiple active ingredients found in GSF exerted their anti-inflammatory effects through multiple targets and pathways. This preliminary study revealed the core target and the mechanism of action underlying its treatment of bronchial asthma. These findings provided valuable insights for further research on the pharmacological substances and quality control of GSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Le Kang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Shirong Dou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ning Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yangang Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengyun Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Deen Han
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kai Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Mendoza-Cano O, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Ríos-Silva M, Lugo-Radillo A, Bricio-Barrios JA, Cuevas-Arellano HB, Camacho-de la Cruz AA, Sánchez V, Murillo-Zamora E. Risk factors for severe disease in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections. Public Health 2024; 235:167-172. [PMID: 39141965 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess factors associated with the risk of severe disease in children aged 5 years or younger with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Mexico. METHODS Eligible participants included children aged 5 years or younger with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection January 1, 2023, and May 15, 2024. We collected relevant clinical and epidemiological data. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were employed to identify factors associated with the risk of severe disease, characterized by clinical and radiographic evidence of bronchiolitis or pneumonia requiring hospital admission. RESULTS Data from 2022 children were analyzed and the overall risk of severe disease was 21.0% (n = 424/2022). In multiple generalized linear regression analysis, a personal history of immunosuppression (due to any cause) showed a protective effect (RR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.42, P = 0.001) against severe RSV disease, while an increased risk was documented for each additional day elapsed between the date of symptom onset and the date of seeking healthcare RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION These findings provide insights into risk stratification and suggest specific directions for future research. This information informs the development of targeted intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of RSV infections in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán 28400, Colima, Mexico; Centro de Estudios e Investigación en Biocultura, Agroecología, Ambiente y Salud, Ex Hacienda Nogueras S/N, Nogueras 28450, Mexico.
| | - X Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - M Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - M Ríos-Silva
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - A Lugo-Radillo
- CONAHCyT -Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda Aguilera S/N, Carr. a San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico.
| | - J A Bricio-Barrios
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - H B Cuevas-Arellano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, Bernal Díaz del Castillo 340, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - A A Camacho-de la Cruz
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán 28400, Colima, Mexico.
| | - V Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - E Murillo-Zamora
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico.
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Oh J, Woo HG, Kim HJ, Park J, Lee M, Rahmati M, Rhee SY, Min C, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Fond G, Boyer L, Kim MS, Shin JI, Lee SW, Yon DK. Prenatal and infant exposure to antibiotics and subsequent risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children: A nationwide birth cohort study in South Korea. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116117. [PMID: 39128166 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the association between antibiotic exposure in fetal and postnatal life (within six months after birth) and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. A nationwide, population-based birth cohort study(infants, n = 3,163,206; paired mothers, n = 2,322,735) was conducted in South Korea, with a mean follow-up duration of 6.8 years, using estimates of hazard ratio [HR] and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Following propensity score matching including the baseline variables, antibiotic exposure in both fetal (HR,1.07 [95 % CI, 1.05-1.08]) and postnatal life (1.05 [1.03-1.07]) was associated with an increased risk of overall childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. A synergistic effect was observed with prenatal and postnatal exposures (1.12 [1.09-1.15]). The risk increases with the increasing number and duration of prescriptions. Significant associations were found for both common (1.06 [1.05-1.08]) and severe outcomes (1.17 [1.09-1.26]), especially for intellectual disability (1.12 [1.07-1.17]), ADHD (1.10 [1.07-1.13]), anxiety (1.06 [1.02-1.11]), mood (1.06 [1.00-1.12]), and autism (1.03 [1.01-1.07]). When comparing siblings with different exposure statuses to consider familial factors, prenatal and postnatal exposure risk increased to 10 % (95 % CI, 6-12) and 12 % (7-17), respectively. Similar results were observed in the unmatched and health screening cohort, which considers maternal obesity, smoking, and breastfeeding. Based on these findings, clinicians may consider potential long-term risks when assessing the risk-benefit of early-life antibiotic prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Oh
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Underwood Meta-Research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Panpan Z, Jinli H, Qiuhong L, Bo D, Juan Z, Hui S, Xin S. Changes in respiratory tract and gut microbiota in AR mice and their relationship with Th1/Th2/Treg. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106881. [PMID: 39197690 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) is not fully understood. Studies have shown that the maturation of children's immune systems is closely related to microecology. However, few studies have focused simultaneously on changes in respiratory and gut microbiota in AR and their correlation between microecological changes and Th1/Th2/Treg. OBJECTIVE The aim is to investigate the pathogenesis of AR based on respiratory microecology, gut microecology, and Th1/Th2/Treg levels by applying microbiome techniques and correlation analysis. METHODS Standardized OVA-induced AR mice were established. Serum OVA-sIgE, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-10 were measured by ELISA, Tregs in lymph nodes were determined by flow cytometry, and the histological characteristics of nasal tissues were evaluated by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E). Nasal symptoms were observed to determine the reliability of the AR mouse model. Nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and fecal samples were collected after the last OVA challenge. The composition of respiratory microbiota in NALF and gut microbial in feces samples via 16S rRNA gene sequencing between the two groups, further explored the relationship between microbiota and Th1/Th2/Treg levels. RESULTS In the AR group, the incidence of nose rubbing and sneezing in each mouse was significantly increased compared with the control group (all P < 0.001) and the inflammatory cell infiltration of NALF shows a significant increase in eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrates upon the AR group; H&E showed that the nasal mucosa of AR mice infiltration of massive eosinophils cells and neutrophils cells. OVA-sIgE and IL-4 in the AR group were increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and IFN-γ, IL-10 were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Tregs showed a downward trend in the AR group, but there was no statistical difference. Compared with the control group, the respiratory microbiota of AR mice did not change significantly, while the gut microbiota changed significantly. In gut microbiota, compared to the control group, Shannon index in the AR group revealed a significant decrease at the genus level (P < 0.01), and Simpson index was significantly increased at all levels (all P < 0.05). PCoA also showed significant differences in beta diversity between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, Deferribacteres at phylum level, Roseburia, Ruminiclostridium, Anaerotruncus at genus level were significantly decreased in the AR group (all P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation showed that OVA-sIgE was positively correlated with Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae (all P < 0.05); IL-4 was significantly negatively correlated with Epsilonbacteraeota and Deferribacteres (all P < 0.05). Treg was significantly positively correlated with Patescibacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and Saccharimonadaceae in gut microecology. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the respiratory microbiota of AR mice was not significantly altered, but the gut microbiota varied significantly and there was a correlation between gut microbiota and Th1/Th2/Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Panpan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huang Jinli
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Qiuhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Bo
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhang Juan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su Hui
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Sun Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Jones CJ, Tallentire H, Edgecumbe R, Sherlock G, Hale L. Online, group, low-intensity psychological intervention for adults, children, and parents with food allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 133:453-461. [PMID: 39069154 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) impairs psychological wellbeing because of constant vigilance, planning and preparation, dietary and social restrictions, and fear of accidental ingestion, though psychological interventions are sparse. OBJECTIVE To examine online, group, low-intensity psychological interventions for adults, children, young people (CYP), and parents with food allergies. METHODS The randomized controlled trials assessed the feasibility and signal of the efficacy of a psychological intervention for adults, CYP, and parents with FA. Participants were randomized to receive the psychological intervention or treatment as usual. The intervention consisted of two, 3-hour manualized online sessions spaced 1 week apart. All participants completed relevant Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaires (FAQLQ) and worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaires), in addition to exploratory outcomes, at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. RESULTS A total of 129 participants (n = 44 adults, n = 52 CYP, and n = 33 parents) were recruited and randomized; 95 (74%) (n = 36 adults, n = 35 CYP, and n = 24 parents) were retained at 3 months. Owing to baseline differences, mean change was used for parent and CYP outcomes. The psychological intervention demonstrated large FAQLQ benefits across adults (g = -1.12, 95% CI -0.41 to -1.28), CYP (g = 1.23, 95% CI 0.51-1.95), and parents (g = 1.43, 95% CI 0.54-2.30) compared with controls at 3-months. CONCLUSION This study provides encouraging findings regarding the feasibility of online, group, low-intensity psychological interventions, in terms of recruitment and retention as well as a signal of efficacy on FAQLQ. A definitive trial including health economic analysis and FA-specific psychological measures with consideration of best routes to implementation, is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04763889 (adults), NCT04770727 (CYP), and NCT04774796 (parents).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Jones
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | - Holly Tallentire
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Surrey & Borders National Health Sevice Partnership Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Edgecumbe
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Surrey & Borders National Health Sevice Partnership Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Sherlock
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Surrey & Borders National Health Sevice Partnership Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hale
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Ilangovan J, Neves JF, Santos AF. Innate lymphoid cells in immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:419-425. [PMID: 39132724 PMCID: PMC11356679 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recognition of the importance of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the immune mechanisms of food allergy has grown in recent years. This review summarizes recent findings of ILCs in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. New research on ILCs in the context of the microbiome and other atopic diseases are also considered with respect to how they can inform understanding of the role of ILCs in food allergy. RECENT FINDINGS ILCs can mediate allergic and tolerogenic responses through multiple pathways. A novel subset of interleukin (IL)-10 producing ILC2s are associated with tolerance following immunotherapy to grass pollen, house dust mite allergy and lipid transfer protein allergy. ILC2s can drive food allergen-specific T cell responses in an antigen-specific manner. A memory subset of ILC2s has been identified through studies of other atopic diseases and is associated with effectiveness of response to therapy. SUMMARY The role of ILCs in food allergy and oral tolerance is relatively understudied compared to other diseases. ILCs can modulate immune responses through several mechanisms, and it is likely that these are of importance in the context of food allergy. Better understanding of theses pathways may help to answer fundamental questions regarding the development of food allergy and lead to novel therapeutic targets and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janarthanan Ilangovan
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions
| | | | - Alexandra F. Santos
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London
- Children's Allergy Service, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
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Le Luyer M, Boll ME, Lemmers SAM, Stoll SJ, Hoffnagle AG, Smith ADAC, Dunn EC. How well do parents identify their child's baby teeth? Engagement and accuracy of parent-reported information on a tooth checklist survey. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:731-738. [PMID: 38680025 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Naturally exfoliated primary teeth are being increasingly collected in child development studies. Most of these odontological collections and tooth biobanks use parent-reported information from questionnaires or tooth checklists to collect data on offspring teeth. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have assessed parental engagement in tooth checklists, nor parental accuracy in identifying their child's baby tooth. This study aimed to evaluate these dimensions by analysing data from the about this tooth checklist returned with donated primary teeth in a natural experimental study called STRONG (the Stories Teeth Record of Newborn Growth). METHODS Parental self-reported information were analysed on checklists returned with 825 primary teeth belonging to 199 children. The percentage of blank answers was calculated for each question. The accuracy of parents-reported tooth identification was evaluated by comparing parental ratings to researchers' ratings. Reliability of researchers' tooth identification was first evaluated by calculating intra-observer and inter-observer agreements, as well as Cohen's Kappa values. The percentage of accuracy of parents' tooth identification (relative to researcher's) was then calculated, and logistic regressions were used to evaluate if time elapsed between when exfoliation occurred and the checklist was completed associated with parental accuracy in tooth identification. RESULTS Parents returned 98.4% of the checklists and completed 74.9% to 97.7% of the questions. Excellent reliability was demonstrated for researchers' intra- and inter-rater tooth identification (agreement percentages >90%; Cohen's Kappa values >.83). Moderate accuracy of parents-reported tooth identifications was found, with parents correctly identifying 49.5% of the donated tooth. Better parental accuracies were highlighted for partial identifications (87.1% of correct jaw, 75.6% of correct tooth type, and 65.8% of correct lateralization). Logistic regressions showed the odds of correct parental identifications decreased on average by 1.8% every 30 days of distance between tooth exfoliation and checklist completion. CONCLUSIONS While parental engagement is high, parents-reported tooth identifications have moderate accuracy, which decreases over time. High accuracy is however found for partial identifications. Parent-reported information on the accompanying questionnaire of naturally exfoliated primary teeth collection or tooth biobanks, even when filled in a long time after exfoliation took place, should be encouraged. However, expert identifications of teeth should remain best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Le Luyer
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Molly E Boll
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone A M Lemmers
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha J Stoll
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alison G Hoffnagle
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D A C Smith
- Mathematics and Statistics Research Group, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Erin C Dunn
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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Freitas ADS, Barroso FAL, Campos GM, Américo MF, Viegas RCDS, Gomes GC, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Carvalho RDDO, Jardin J, Miranda APGDS, Ferreira E, Martins FS, Laguna JG, Jan G, Azevedo V, de Jesus LCL. Exploring the anti-inflammatory effects of postbiotic proteins from Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 on inflammatory bowel disease model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134216. [PMID: 39069058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 is a promising health-promoting bacterium shown to alleviate intestinal inflammation. However, the specific bacterial components responsible for these effects remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that consuming extractable proteins from the CIDCA 133 strain effectively relieved acute ulcerative colitis in mice. This postbiotic protein fraction reduced the disease activity index and prevented colon shortening in mice. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed colitis prevention with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the colon mucosa. Postbiotic consumption also induced an immunomodulatory profile in colitic mice, as evidenced by both mRNA transcript levels (Tlr2, Nfkb1, Nlpr3, Tnf, and Il6) and cytokines concentration (IL1β, TGFβ, and IL10). Additionally, it enhanced the levels of secretory IgA, upregulated the transcript levels of tight junction proteins (Hp and F11r), and improved paracellular intestinal permeability. More interestingly, the consumption of postbiotic proteins modulated the gut microbiota (Bacteroides, Arkkemansia, Dorea, and Oscillospira). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that IL10 and IL1β levels were positively associated with Bacteroides and Arkkemansia_Lactobacillus abundance. Our study reveals that CIDCA 133-derived proteins possess anti-inflammatory properties in colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Enio Ferreira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of General Pathology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Santos Martins
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Microbiology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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45
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Bhatt M, Lal K, Silverberg NB. Special Considerations in Atopic Dermatitis in Young Children. Dermatol Clin 2024; 42:611-617. [PMID: 39278714 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) begins in early childhood in the majority of children. Addressing AD in small children includes recognition of the early presentations of disease in all skin types, triggers, comorbidities, and therapeutics. These include risk of medication absorption, more xerosis, infections, and creating management plans that are acceptable to parents/caregivers, while offering safety. Vaccination efficacy, safety on systemic agents, growth and development, tactile sensory development, and teething-related facial eruptions of early childhood are additional concerns. Prevention of long-term comorbidities is the highest goal. Using age-based considerations helps support excellence in care and improved patient-parent experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudra Bhatt
- Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Karan Lal
- Affiliated Dermatology, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwell Health, 101 Saint Andrews Lane Floor 1, Glen Cove, NY 11542, USA
| | - Nanette B Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York, NY 10028, USA.
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46
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Trogen B, Verma M, Sicherer SH, Cox A. The Role of Food Allergy in Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatol Clin 2024; 42:527-535. [PMID: 39278706 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergies are 2 atopic conditions that tend to develop early in life. Their interrelationship has been a topic of controversy and many studies. The presence of atopic dermatitis in infancy and early childhood, particularly if severe, is a risk factor for the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE) -mediated food allergies. While it is common for children with AD to demonstrate extensive sensitization to foods, serum IgE testing is not always indicative of clinical allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Trogen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megha Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside/West, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amanda Cox
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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47
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Sanada A, Kondo K, Takahashi F, Higashide Y, Kunizaki J, Hoshino E, Sakurai N, Mori T. Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Parainfluenza Virus Infections: A Comparative Analysis of Parainfluenza Virus Serotypes 1-4 From April 2021 to October 2023 in Hokkaido, Japan. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:953-958. [PMID: 38900074 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is widely known as a causative virus of acute respiratory tract infections in children, and 4 serotypes (PIV-1-PIV-4) have been identified. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of the PIV serotypes in pediatric PIV infections in Japan. METHODS Between April 2021 and October 2023, 8821 children aged <16 years who presented with respiratory symptoms underwent multiplex polymerase chain reaction analyses at the Department of Pediatrics, NTT Medical Center Sapporo. All 1490 cases in which PIV was detected were analyzed for their clinical characteristics by PIV serotypes. RESULTS Of the 1490 cases, 608 were positive for a single PIV serotype: 91 (13.5%) for PIV-1, 54 (4.8%) for PIV-2, 361 (62.1%) for PIV-3 and 102 (19.6%) for PIV-4. The median ages were 3.5 years for PIV-1, 5.4 years for PIV-2, 1.9 years for PIV-3 and 2.2 years for PIV-4, with a significantly older age for PIV-2. Compared with the other serotypes, croup was significantly more common in PIV-1 and lower respiratory tract infection was significantly more common in PIV-4. Of the 608 cases with a single PIV serotype, 114 were hospitalized. The proportion of hospitalized patients was higher for PIV-4 than for the other PIV serotypes, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Lower respiratory tract infection was more frequent in PIV-4 than in the other PIV serotypes, and PIV-4 infection may increase the risk of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sanada
- From the Department of Pediatrics, NTT Medical Center Sapporo, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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48
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Özaslan Z, Şen A, Uçar SA, Çakan M, Sanisoğlu B, Kaya F, Otar Yener G, Demir F, Tanatar A, Özdel S, Öztürk K, Şahin N, Sönmez HE, Aktay Ayaz N, Sözeri B. Exploring factors for predicting colchicine responsiveness in children with PFAPA. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:4337-4343. [PMID: 39085658 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) are the most common autoinflammatory syndromes in children. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory parameters that may predict colchicine responsiveness.This retrospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study involved nine pediatric rheumatology centers from our country., The patients diagnosed with PFAPA were compared on the basis of their responses to colchicine. In the 806 (42.3% female 57.7% male) patients, the most common clinical findings were fever (100%), exudative tonsillitis (86.5%), pharyngitis (80.9%), and aphthous stomatitis (50.5%). The mean attack frequency was 13.5 ± 6.8 attacks per year lasting for a mean of 3.9 ± 1.1 days. Colchicine treatment was attempted in 519 (64.4%) patients, with 419 (80.7%) showing a favorable response. In patients who underwent MEFV gene analysis (70.8%), the most common variant was M694V heterozygous (16.8%). The presence of pharyngitis (p = 0.03, 95% CI 0.885 to 0.994), the presence of arthralgia (p = 0.04, 95% CI 0.169 to 0.958), and having more frequent attacks (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.028 to 0.748) were found to be associated with colchicine unresponsiveness, whereas the carriage of the M694V variant (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.065 to 0.242) was associated with colchicine responsiveness. CONCLUSION This study identified the presence of pharyngitis, arthralgia, and increased attack frequency in patients with PFAPA as factors predicting colchicine unresponsiveness, whereas the carriage of the M694V variant emerged as a predictor of colchicine responsiveness. Predicting colchicine response at disease onset may facilitate a more effective management of PFAPA. WHAT IS KNOWN • Colchicine treatment can be used in the prophylaxis of PFAPA disease. • Having the MEFV variant is the most commonly known factor in predicting response to colchicine. WHAT IS NEW • The presence of pharyngitis or arthralgia, and more frequent attacks in PFAPA disease were found to be independently associated with colchicine unresponsiveness. • Carrying the M694V variant was identified as the sole factor predicting colchicine responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Özaslan
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, MD, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Abdulvahap Şen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sıla Atamyıldız Uçar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Health Sciences University, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çakan
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Zeynep Kamil Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Sanisoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Kaya
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Otar Yener
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Demir
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Acıbadem Ataşehir Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tanatar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Gaziantep City Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Semanur Özdel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Öztürk
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihal Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, MD, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hafize Emine Sönmez
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, MD, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Sözeri
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Health Sciences University, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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49
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Chong T, Olivieri B, Skypala IJ. Food-triggered anaphylaxis in adults. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:341-348. [PMID: 39079158 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adult food allergy, either unresolved from childhood, or new-onset in adult-life, is known to be increasingly prevalent. Although much of the reported anaphylaxis in adults is due to drug reactions, foods are becoming an increasingly important trigger, affecting adults of all ages, with a wide variation in food triggers which are often quite different to those reported in children. RECENT FINDINGS Peanuts are well known to cause anaphylaxis in some adult populations, but other legumes such as soy may be more relevant in others. Reactions to natto, fermented soybeans, are currently mainly reported in Japan, but changing dietary practices and an increase in plant-based eating mean natto, other forms of soy and other legumes are increasingly linked to anaphylaxis in Western countries. Anaphylaxis to red meat, caused by sensitization to galactose-α-1,3-galactose and first reported in North America, is now a more world-wide concern. Co-factor induced anaphylaxis is increasingly associated with both wheat allergy and lipid transfer protein allergy. SUMMARY More research is urgently needed to characterize adult food allergy, its triggers and symptom severity. Unusual food triggers and potential co-factors should be considered, so that anaphylaxis in adults can be correctly managed, not merely labelled as idiopathic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Isabel J Skypala
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
- Department of Inflammation & Repair, Imperial College, London, UK
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50
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Chiu IM, Sokol CL. Neuroimmune recognition of allergens. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 90:102458. [PMID: 39213825 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between the nervous system and the immune system play crucial roles in initiating and directing the type 2 immune response. Sensory neurons can initiate innate and adaptive type 2 immunity through their ability to detect allergens and promote dendritic cell and mast cell responses. Neurons also indirectly promote type 2 inflammation through suppression of type 1 immune responses. Type 2 cytokines promote neuronal function by directly activating or sensitizing neurons. This positive neuroimmune feedback loop may not only enhance allergic inflammation but also promote the system-wide responses of aversion, anaphylaxis, and allergen polysensitization that are characteristic of allergic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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