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Zhang X, Lyu D, Li S, Xiao H, Qiu Y, Xu K, Chen N, Deng L, Huang H, Wu R. Discovery of a SUCNR1 antagonist for potential treatment of diabetic nephropathy: In silico and in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131898. [PMID: 38677680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus. Succinate Receptor 1 (SUCNR1), a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, represents a potential target for treatment of DN. Here, utilizing multi-strategy in silico virtual screening methods containing AlphaFold2 modelling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, ligand-based pharmacophore screening, molecular docking and machine learning-based similarity clustering, we successfully identified a novel antagonist of SUCNR1, AK-968/12117473 (Cpd3). Through extensive in vitro experiments, including dual-luciferase reporter assay, cellular thermal shift assay, immunofluorescence, and western blotting, we substantiated that Cpd3 could specifically target SUCNR1, inhibit the activation of NF-κB pathway, and ameliorate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) under high glucose conditions. Further in silico simulations revealed the molecular basis of the SUCNR1-Cpd3 interaction, and the in vitro metabolic stability assay indicated favorable drug-like pharmacokinetic properties of Cpd3. This work not only successfully pinpointed Cpd3 as a specific antagonist of SUCNR1 to serve as a promising candidate in the realm of therapeutic interventions for DN, but also provides a paradigm of dry-wet combined discovery strategies for GPCR-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510801, China
| | - Dongxin Lyu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nianhang Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510801, China.
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Lim RR, Mahaling B, Tan A, Mehta M, Kaur C, Hunziker W, Kim JE, Barathi VA, Ghosh A, Chaurasia SS. ITF2357 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway to protect barrier integrity in retinal pigment epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23512. [PMID: 38430220 PMCID: PMC11019659 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301592r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The robust integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which contributes to the outer brain retina barrier (oBRB), is compromised in several retinal degenerative and vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema (DME). This study evaluates the role of a new generation of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), ITF2357, in regulating outer blood-retinal barrier function and investigates the underlying mechanism of action in inhibiting TNFα-induced damage to RPE integrity. Using the immortalized RPE cell line (ARPE-19), ITF2357 was found to be non-toxic between 50 nM and 5 μM concentrations. When applied as a pre-treatment in conjunction with an inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, the HDACi was safe and effective in preventing epithelial permeability by fortifying tight junction (ZO-1, -2, -3, occludin, claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, -19) and adherens junction (E-cadherin, Nectin-1) protein expression post-TNFα stress. Mechanistically, ITF2357 depicted a late action at 24 h via attenuating IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and ameliorated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. Also, ITF2357 delayed IκBα synthesis and turnover. The use of Bay 11-7082 and MG132 further uncovered a possible role for ITF2357 in non-canonical NF-κB activation. Overall, this study revealed the protection effects of ITF2357 by regulating the turnover of tight and adherens junction proteins and modulating NF-κB signaling pathway in the presence of an inflammatory stressor, making it a potential therapeutic application for retinal vascular diseases such as DME with compromised outer blood-retinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R. Lim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Binapani Mahaling
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alison Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Milan Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Judy E. Kim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | | | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Du X, Butler AG, Chen HY. Cell-cell interaction in the pathogenesis of inherited retinal diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1332944. [PMID: 38500685 PMCID: PMC10944940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1332944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retina is part of the central nervous system specialized for vision. Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders that lead to progressive vision impairment or blindness. Although each disorder is rare, IRD accumulatively cause blindness in up to 5.5 million individuals worldwide. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanisms of IRD are not fully understood and there are limited treatment options available. Most IRD are caused by degeneration of light-sensitive photoreceptors. Genetic mutations that abrogate the structure and/or function of photoreceptors lead to visual impairment followed by blindness caused by loss of photoreceptors. In healthy retina, photoreceptors structurally and functionally interact with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller glia (MG) to maintain retinal homeostasis. Multiple IRD with photoreceptor degeneration as a major phenotype are caused by mutations of RPE- and/or MG-associated genes. Recent studies also reveal compromised MG and RPE caused by mutations in ubiquitously expressed ciliary genes. Therefore, photoreceptor degeneration could be a direct consequence of gene mutations and/or could be secondary to the dysfunction of their interaction partners in the retina. This review summarizes the mechanisms of photoreceptor-RPE/MG interaction in supporting retinal functions and discusses how the disruption of these processes could lead to photoreceptor degeneration, with an aim to provide a unique perspective of IRD pathogenesis and treatment paradigm. We will first describe the biology of retina and IRD and then discuss the interaction between photoreceptors and MG/RPE as well as their implications in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we will summarize the recent advances in IRD therapeutics targeting MG and/or RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Y. Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Zhu T, Li Y, Zhu L, Xu J, Feng Z, Chen H, Shi S, Liu C, Ou Q, Gao F, Zhang J, Jin C, Xu J, Li J, Zhang J, Bi Y, Xu GT, Wang J, Tian H, Lu L. GMFB/AKT/TGF-β3 in Müller cells mediated early retinal degeneration in a streptozotocin-induced rat diabetes model. Glia 2024; 72:504-528. [PMID: 37904673 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration, characterized by Müller cell gliosis and photoreceptor apoptosis, is considered an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our previous study proposed that GMFB may mediate diabetic retinal degeneration. This study identified GMFB as a sensitive and functional gliosis marker for DR. Compared to the wild type (WT) group, Gmfb knockout (KO) significantly improved visual function, attenuated gliosis, reduced the apoptosis of neurons, and decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α (Tnf-α) and interleukin-1β (Il-1β) in diabetic retinas. Tgf-β3 was enriched by hub genes using RNA sequencing in primary WT and KO Müller cells. Gmfb KO significantly upregulated the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 protein level via the AKT pathway. The protective effect of TGF-β3 in the vitreous resulted in significantly improved visual function and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the diabetic retina. The protection of Gmfb KO in primary Müller cells against high glucose (HG)-induced photoreceptor apoptosis was partially counteracted by TGF-β3 antibody and administration of TGFBR1/2 inhibitors. Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) binds to the promoter region of Gmfb and regulates Gmfb mRNA at the transcriptional level. NR3C1 was increased in the retinas of early diabetic rats but decreased in the retinas of late diabetic rats. N'-[(1E)-(3-Methoxyphenyl)Methylene]-3-Methyl-1H-Pyrazole-5-Carbohydrazide (DS-5) was identified as an inhibitor of GMFB, having a protective role in DR. We demonstrated that GMFB/AKT/TGF-β3 mediated early diabetic retinal degeneration in diabetic rats. This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degeneration in patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlong Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Human Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fernández-Veledo S, Marsal-Beltran A, Vendrell J. Type 2 diabetes and succinate: unmasking an age-old molecule. Diabetologia 2024; 67:430-442. [PMID: 38182909 PMCID: PMC10844351 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their conventional roles in intracellular energy production, some traditional metabolites also function as extracellular messengers that activate cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) akin to hormones and neurotransmitters. These signalling metabolites, often derived from nutrients, the gut microbiota or the host's intermediary metabolism, are now acknowledged as key regulators of various metabolic and immune responses. This review delves into the multi-dimensional aspects of succinate, a dual metabolite with roots in both the mitochondria and microbiome. It also connects the dots between succinate's role in the Krebs cycle, mitochondrial respiration, and its double-edge function as a signalling transmitter within and outside the cell. We aim to provide an overview of the role of the succinate-succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) axis in diabetes, discussing the potential use of succinate as a biomarker and the novel prospect of targeting SUCNR1 to manage complications associated with diabetes. We further propose strategies to manipulate the succinate-SUCNR1 axis for better diabetes management; this includes pharmacological modulation of SUCNR1 and innovative approaches to manage succinate concentrations, such as succinate administration and indirect strategies, like microbiota modulation. The dual nature of succinate, both in terms of origins and roles, offers a rich landscape for understanding the intricate connections within metabolic diseases, like diabetes, and indicates promising pathways for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.
| | - Anna Marsal-Beltran
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
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Wang B, Qu X, Su A, Zhu H. PD protects Müller cells through the SIRT1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:97. [PMID: 38372810 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polydatin (PD) has widely pharmacological activities. However, the effects of PD on high glucose (HG)-induced Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy (DR) are rarely studied. METHODS The protective effects of PD were evaluated in HG-induced human retinal Müller cells. The levels of pro-angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory factors were detected using the ELISA kits. The expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) were determined by western blot. RESULTS PD inhibited proliferation and activation of HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. PD treatment reduced the levels of pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, while these effects were attenuated by NLRP3 agonist ATP in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. Furthermore, PD inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating the SIRT1 expression after HG stimulation, and knockdown of SIRT1 reversed the inhibition effects of PD on NLRP3 inflammasome, pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. CONCLUSION PD may inhibit HG-induced Müller cells proliferation and activation and suppress pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress through the SIRT1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In summary, PD treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Anle Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongna Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Caruso L, Fields M, Rimondi E, Zauli G, Longo G, Marcuzzi A, Previati M, Gonelli A, Zauli E, Milani D. Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2124. [PMID: 38396799 PMCID: PMC10889839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human retina is a complex anatomical structure that has no regenerative capacity. The pathogenesis of most retinopathies can be attributed to inflammation, with the activation of the inflammasome protein platform, and to the impact of oxidative stress on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy/mitophagy in retinal cells. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches to treat retinopathies have been investigated. Experimental data suggest that the secretome of mesenchymal cells could reduce oxidative stress, autophagy, and the apoptosis of retinal cells, and in turn, the secretome of the latter could induce changes in mesenchymal cells. Other studies have evidenced that noncoding (nc)RNAs might be new targets for retinopathy treatment and novel disease biomarkers since a correlation has been found between ncRNA levels and retinopathies. A new field to explore is the interaction observed between the ocular and intestinal microbiota; indeed, recent findings have shown that the alteration of gut microbiota seems to be linked to ocular diseases, suggesting a gut-eye axis. To explore new therapeutical strategies for retinopathies, it is important to use proper models that can mimic the complexity of the retina. In this context, retinal organoids represent a good model for the study of the pathophysiology of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
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Zhang Q, Qi S, You J, Wang C. The role of retinal glial cells and related factors in macular edema. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149415. [PMID: 38159411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macular edema (ME) has emerged as a leading cause of visual impairment, representing a critical clinical manifestation and complication associated with many eye diseases. In the occurrence and development of ME, retinal glial cells like Müller cells and microglial cells play vital roles. Moreover, growth factor and cytokines associated with them, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), prostaglandin, etc., also take part in the pathogenesis of ME. Changes in these cytokines can lead to retinal angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown, and fluid leakage, further causing ME to occur or deteriorate. Research on the role of retinal glial cells and related cytokines in ME will provide new therapeutic directions and effective remedies. This article is a literature review on the role of Müller cells, microglial cells and related factors in ME pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shounan Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jiaxin You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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9
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Zhang W, Yao J, Chen C, Wang J, Zhou A. Fetuin-B Overexpression Promotes Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy Through Activating Microglia and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:168-179. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2023.2276683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aiyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Zhang W, Yao J, Chen C, Wang J, Zhou A. Fetuin-B Overexpression Promotes Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy Through Activating Microglia and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:168-179. [PMID: 37883127 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2276683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression, source, role, and mechanism of Fetuin-B (FETUB) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS ELISA and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the concentration of FETUB in plasma, aqueous fluid, and tissue specimens of patients with DR and healthy controls. Immunofluorescence, q-PCR, and western blotting were used to examine the expression of FETUB in DR mice and cells cultured with different concentrations of glucose. BV2 microglia cell line and DR mice were treated using FETUB recombination protein and FETUB shRNA to explore the function of FETUB in DR by q-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS FETUB concentrations in plasma, aqueous fluid, and tissue specimens were significantly increased in DR patients. The mice in DR group had a higher concentration of FETUB in the retina and liver tissues than those in the control group, and the expression of FETUB was increased in both ARPE19 and BV2 cells under a high-glucose environment. The ratio of p-P65 (Phospho-P65)/P65 and the expression levels of TNF-α, VEGF, and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (IBA)-1 were increased in BV2 cells cultured with FETUB recombinant protein, while they were decreased in BV2 cells transfected with FETUB shRNA. Immunofluorescence staining showed that there were more IBA-1+ activated microglia in the retinas of the FETUB recombination protein group than in the retinas of the DR group, and there were fewer IBA-1+ activated microglia in the retinas of the FETUB shRNA group than in the retinas of the DR group. CONCLUSIONS FETUB sourced from endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine pathways could promote inflammation in DR by activating the NF-κB pathway and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Bianco L, Arrigo A, Antropoli A, Saladino A, Aragona E, Bandello F, Parodi MB. Non-vasogenic cystoid maculopathy in autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy: novel insights from NIR-FAF and OCTA imaging. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:44-50. [PMID: 37041716 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2191711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy (ARB) is an inherited retinal disease caused by biallelic mutations in the BEST1 gene. Herein, we report the multimodal imaging findings of ARB presenting with cystoid maculopathy and investigate the short-term response to combined systemic and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, prospective, case series on two siblings affected by ARB is presented. Patients underwent genetic testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT), blue-light fundus autofluorescence (BL-FAF), near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIR-FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), MultiColor imaging, and OCT angiography (OCTA). RESULTS Two male siblings, aged 22 and 16, affected by ARB resulting from c.598C>T, p.(Arg200*) and c.728C>A, p.(Ala243Glu) BEST1 compound heterozygous variants, presented with bilateral multifocal yellowish pigment deposits scattered through the posterior pole that corresponded to hyperautofluorescent deposits on BL-FAF. Vice versa, NIR-FAF mainly disclosed wide hypoautofluorescent areas in the macula. A cystoid maculopathy and shallow subretinal fluid were evident on structural OCT, albeit without evidence of dye leakage or pooling on FA. OCTA demonstrated disruption of the choriocapillaris throughout the posterior pole and sparing of intraretinal capillary plexuses. Six months of combined therapy with oral acetazolamide and topical brinzolamide resulted in limited clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS We reported two siblings affected by ARB, presenting as non-vasogenic cystoid maculopathy. Prominent alteration of NIR-FAF signal and concomitant choriocapillaris rarefaction on OCTA were noted in the macula. The limited short-term response to combined systemic and topical CAIs might be explained by the impairment of the RPE-CC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bianco
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Antropoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Saladino
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Aragona
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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12
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Navneet S, Wilson K, Rohrer B. Müller Glial Cells in the Macula: Their Activation and Cell-Cell Interactions in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:42. [PMID: 38416457 PMCID: PMC10910558 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Müller glia, the main glial cell of the retina, are critical for neuronal and vascular homeostasis in the retina. During age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis, Müller glial activation, remodeling, and migrations are reported in the areas of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration, photoreceptor loss, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. Despite this evidence indicating glial activation localized to the regions of AMD pathogenesis, it is unclear whether these glial responses contribute to AMD pathology or occur merely as a bystander effect. In this review, we summarize how Müller glia are affected in AMD retinas and share a prospect on how Müller glial stress might directly contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. The goal of this review is to highlight the need for future studies investigating the Müller cell's role in AMD. This may lead to a better understanding of AMD pathology, including the conversion from dry to wet AMD, which has no effective therapy currently and may shed light on drug intolerance and resistance to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kyrie Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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13
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Rodriguez D, Church KA, Smith CT, Vanegas D, Cardona SM, Muzzio IA, Nash KR, Cardona AE. Therapeutic Delivery of Soluble Fractalkine Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction in the Diabetic Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1727. [PMID: 38339005 PMCID: PMC10855319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR)-associated vision loss is a devastating disease affecting the working-age population. Retinal pathology is due to leakage of serum components into retinal tissues, activation of resident phagocytes (microglia), and vascular and neuronal damage. While short-term interventions are available, they do not revert visual function or halt disease progression. The impact of microglial inflammatory responses on the neurovascular unit remains unknown. In this study, we characterized microglia-vascular interactions in an experimental model of DR. Early diabetes presents activated retinal microglia, vascular permeability, and vascular abnormalities coupled with vascular tortuosity and diminished astrocyte and endothelial cell-associated tight-junction (TJ) and gap-junction (GJ) proteins. Microglia exclusively bind to the neuronal-derived chemokine fractalkine (FKN) via the CX3CR1 receptor to ameliorate microglial activation. Using neuron-specific recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), we therapeutically overexpressed soluble (sFKN) or membrane-bound (mFKN) FKN using intra-vitreal delivery at the onset of diabetes. This study highlights the neuroprotective role of rAAV-sFKN, reducing microglial activation, vascular tortuosity, fibrin(ogen) deposition, and astrogliosis and supporting the maintenance of the GJ connexin-43 (Cx43) and TJ zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) molecules. The results also show that microglia-vascular interactions influence the vascular width upon administration of rAAV-sFKN and rAAV-mFKN. Administration of rAAV-sFKN improved visual function without affecting peripheral immune responses. These findings suggest that overexpression of rAAV-sFKN can mitigate vascular abnormalities by promoting glia-neural signaling. sFKN gene therapy is a promising translational approach to reverse vision loss driven by vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (D.R.); (K.A.C.); (C.T.S.); (D.V.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Kaira A. Church
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (D.R.); (K.A.C.); (C.T.S.); (D.V.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Chelsea T. Smith
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (D.R.); (K.A.C.); (C.T.S.); (D.V.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (D.R.); (K.A.C.); (C.T.S.); (D.V.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Sandra M. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (D.R.); (K.A.C.); (C.T.S.); (D.V.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Isabel A. Muzzio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Astrid E. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (D.R.); (K.A.C.); (C.T.S.); (D.V.); (S.M.C.)
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14
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Zhang L, Buonfiglio F, Fieß A, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Retinopathy of Prematurity-Targeting Hypoxic and Redox Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38397746 PMCID: PMC10885953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative vascular ailment affecting the retina. It is the main risk factor for visual impairment and blindness in infants and young children worldwide. If left undiagnosed and untreated, it can progress to retinal detachment and severe visual impairment. Geographical variations in ROP epidemiology have emerged over recent decades, attributable to differing levels of care provided to preterm infants across countries and regions. Our understanding of the causes of ROP, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and associated risk factors continues to advance. This review article aims to present the pathophysiological mechanisms of ROP, including its treatment. Specifically, it delves into the latest cutting-edge treatment approaches targeting hypoxia and redox signaling pathways for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (A.F.); (N.P.)
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15
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Kocherlakota S, Baes M. Benefits and Caveats in the Use of Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Specific Cre Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1293. [PMID: 38279294 PMCID: PMC10816505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is an important monolayer of cells present in the outer retina, forming a major part of the blood-retina barrier (BRB). It performs many tasks essential for the maintenance of retinal integrity and function. With increasing knowledge of the retina, it is becoming clear that both common retinal disorders, like age-related macular degeneration, and rare genetic disorders originate in the RPE. This calls for a better understanding of the functions of various proteins within the RPE. In this regard, mice enabling an RPE-specific gene deletion are a powerful tool to study the role of a particular protein within the RPE cells in their native environment, simultaneously negating any potential influences of systemic changes. Moreover, since RPE cells interact closely with adjacent photoreceptors, these mice also provide an excellent avenue to study the importance of a particular gene function within the RPE to the retina as a whole. In this review, we outline and compare the features of various Cre mice created for this purpose, which allow for inducible or non-inducible RPE-specific knockout of a gene of interest. We summarize the various benefits and caveats involved in the use of such mouse lines, allowing researchers to make a well-informed decision on the choice of Cre mouse to use in relation to their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Llorián-Salvador M, Cabeza-Fernández S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, de la Fuente AG. Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:47. [PMID: 38236305 PMCID: PMC10796438 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic that due to its increasing prevalence worldwide will likely become the most common debilitating health condition. Even if diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, it is now well established that key aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes are associated with nervous system alterations, including deleterious chronic inflammation of neural tissues, referred here as neuroinflammation, along with different detrimental glial cell responses to stress conditions and neurodegenerative features. Moreover, diabetes resembles accelerated aging, further increasing the risk of developing age-linked neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the most common and disabling diabetic comorbidities, namely diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline, are intimately associated with neurodegeneration. As described in aging and other neurological disorders, glial cell alterations such as microglial, astrocyte, and Müller cell increased reactivity and dysfunctionality, myelin loss and Schwann cell alterations have been broadly described in diabetes in both human and animal models, where they are key contributors to chronic noxious inflammation of neural tissues within the PNS and CNS. In this review, we aim to describe in-depth the common and unique aspects underlying glial cell changes observed across the three main diabetic complications, with the goal of uncovering shared glial cells alterations and common pathological mechanisms that will enable the discovery of potential targets to limit neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegeneration in all three diabetic complications. Diabetes and its complications are already a public health concern due to its rapidly increasing incidence, and thus its health and economic impact. Hence, understanding the key role that glial cells play in the pathogenesis underlying peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive decline in diabetes will provide us with novel therapeutic approaches to tackle diabetic-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alerie G de la Fuente
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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17
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Tsioti I, Steiner BL, Escher P, Zinkernagel MS, Benz PM, Kokona D. Systemic Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Exacerbates Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:19-30. [PMID: 36441988 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2147547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of a systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus in the course of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in C57BL/6 J mice. A group of CNV-subjected mice received 1 mg/kg LPS via the tail vein immediately after CNV induction. Mouse eyes were monitored in vivo with fluorescein angiography for 2 weeks. In situ hybridization and flow cytometry were performed in the retina at different time points. LPS led to increased fluorescein leakage 3 days after CNV, correlated with a large influx of monocyte-derived macrophages and increase of pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages in the retina. Additionally, LPS enhanced Vegfα mRNA expression by Glul-expressing cells but not Aif1 positive microglia/macrophages in the laser lesion. These findings suggest that systemic LPS exposure has transient detrimental effects in the course of CNV through activation of microglia/macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and supports the important role of these cells in the CNV course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tsioti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice L Steiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Escher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin S Zinkernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Benz
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Despina Kokona
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Kim S, Yoon NG, Im JY, Lee JH, Kim J, Jeon Y, Choi YJ, Lee J, Uemura A, Park DH, Kang BH. Targeting the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Alleviates Vascular Pathologies in Ischemic Retinopathy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2302776. [PMID: 37983591 PMCID: PMC10787068 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) contributes to blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and pathological neovascularization responsible for vision loss in ischemic retinal diseases. During disease progression, mitochondrial biology is altered to adapt to the ischemic environment created by initial vascular dysfunction, but the mitochondrial adaptive mechanisms, which ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathy, remain incompletely understood. In the present study, it is identified that expression of mitochondrial chaperone tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is essential for BRB breakdown and pathologic retinal neovascularization in mouse models mimicking ischemic retinopathies. Genetic Trap1 ablation or treatment with small molecule TRAP1 inhibitors, such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) and SB-U015, alleviate retinal pathologies via proteolytic HIF1α degradation, which is mediated by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and activation of calcium-dependent protease calpain-1. These findings suggest that TRAP1 can be a promising target for the development of new treatments against ischemic retinopathy, such as retinopathy of prematurity and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So‐Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesUlsan National Institutes of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gu Yoon
- Department of Biological SciencesUlsan National Institutes of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesUlsan National Institutes of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of MedicineKyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu41944Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of MedicineKyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu41944Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics Research GroupKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Hwa Lee
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics Research GroupKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environment ToxicologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya467‐8601Japan
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of MedicineKyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu41944Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Heon Kang
- Department of Biological SciencesUlsan National Institutes of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
- SmartinBio Inc.Cheongju28160Republic of Korea
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19
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Dmitriev AV, Dmitriev AA, Linsenmeier RA. Diabetes-Induced Changes of the Rat ERG in Relation to Hyperglycemia and Acidosis. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:53-61. [PMID: 37756520 PMCID: PMC10872866 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2264544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the mechanism of changes in the c-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) in diabetic rats, and to explore how glucose manipulations affect the c-wave. METHODS Vitreal ERGs were recorded in control and diabetic Long-Evans rats, 3-60 weeks after IP vehicle or streptozotocin. A few experiments were performed on Brown Norway rats. Voltage responses to current pulses were used to measure the transepithelial resistance of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). RESULTS During development of diabetes the b-wave amplitude progressively decreased to about half of the initial amplitude after a year. In contrast, the c-wave was strongly affected from the very beginning (3 weeks) of diabetes. In control rats, the c-wave was cornea-positive at lower illuminations but was cornea-negative at higher (photopic) illumination. In diabetics, the whole amplitude-intensity curve was shifted toward negativity. The magnitude of this shift was markedly affected by acute glucose manipulations in diabetics but not in controls. Increased blood glucose made the c-wave more negative, and decreased blood glucose with insulin had the opposite effect. Experimentally induced acidification of the retina had a small effect that was different from diabetes, shifting the c-wave toward positivity, slightly in controls and more noticeably in diabetics. One reason for the significant negativity of the diabetic ERG was a decrease of the cornea-positive response of the RPE due to a decrease of the transepithelial resistance. CONCLUSIONS The ERG c-wave is more negative in diabetics than in control animals, and is far more sensitive to changes in blood glucose. The increased negativity is largely if not entirely due to changes in the transepithelial resistance of the RPE, an electrical analog of the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier observed in other studies. The sensitivity of the c-wave to glucose in diabetics may also be due to changes in transepithelial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A Linsenmeier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston and Chicago, IL
- Department of Neurobiology, Evanston and Chicago, IL
- Department of Ophthalmology Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL
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20
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Glass J, Robinson RL, Greenway G, Jones G, Sharma S. Diabetic Müller-Glial-Cell-Specific Il6ra Knockout Mice Exhibit Accelerated Retinal Functional Decline and Thinning of the Inner Nuclear Layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:1. [PMID: 38038619 PMCID: PMC10697173 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). IL-6 trans-signaling via soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is primarily responsible for its pro-inflammatory functions, whereas cis-signaling via membrane-bound IL-6R is anti-inflammatory. Using a Müller-glial-cell-specific Il6ra-/- mouse, we examined how loss of IL-6 cis-signaling in Müller glial cells (MGCs) affected retinal thinning and electroretinography (ERG) response over 9 months of diabetes. Methods Diabetes was induced in wildtype and knockout mice with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, daily for 5 days). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), ERG, and fundoscopy/fluorescein angiography (FA) were assessed at 2, 6, and 9 months of diabetes. MGCs and bipolar neurons were examined in retinal tissue sections by immunofluorescence. Results Diabetic MGC Il6ra-/- mice had significantly thinner retinas than diabetic wildtype mice at 2 (-7.6 µm), 6 (-12.0 µm), and 9 months (-5.0 µm) of diabetes, as well as significant thinning of the inner nuclear layer (INL). Diabetic MGC Il6ra-/- mice also showed a reduction in scotopic B-wave amplitude and B-wave/A-wave ratio earlier than wildtype diabetic mice. In retinal sections, we found a decrease in bipolar neuronal marker PKCα only in diabetic MGC Il6ra-/- mice, which was significantly lower than both controls and diabetic wildtype mice. Glutamine synthetase, a Müller cell marker, was reduced in both wildtype and MGC Il6ra-/- diabetic mice compared to their respective controls. Conclusions IL-6 cis-signaling in MGCs contributes to maintenance of the INL in diabetes, and loss of the IL-6 receptor reduces MGC-mediated neuroprotection of bipolar neurons in the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rebekah L. Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Grace Greenway
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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21
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Castoldi V, Zerbini G, Maestroni S, Viganò I, Rama P, Leocani L. Topical Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) restores electrophysiological alterations in the Ins2 Akita mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109693. [PMID: 37890756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from diabetes mellitus commonly have to face diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye disease characterized by early retinal neurodegeneration and microvascular damage, progressively leading to sight loss. The Ins2Akita (Akita) diabetic mouse presents the characteristics of DR and experimental drugs can be tested on this model to check their efficacy before going to the clinic. Topical administration of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) has been recently demonstrated to prevent DR in the Akita mouse, reverting the thinning of retinal layers and protecting the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from death. In this study, we characterize the effects of topical NGF on neuroretina function, quantified with the electroretinogram (ERG). In particular, we show that NGF can ameliorate RGC conduction in the retina of Akita mice, which correlates with a recovery of retinal nerve fiber plus ganglion cell layer (RNFL-GCL) structure. Overall, our preclinical results highlight that topical administration of NGF could be a promising therapeutic approach for DR, being capable of exerting a beneficial impact on retinal functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Castoldi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology-INSPE, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute-DRI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maestroni
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute-DRI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute-DRI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology-INSPE, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Sun WJ, An XD, Zhang YH, Zhao XF, Sun YT, Yang CQ, Kang XM, Jiang LL, Ji HY, Lian FM. The ideal treatment timing for diabetic retinopathy: the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying early-stage diabetic retinopathy are a matter of concern. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1270145. [PMID: 38027131 PMCID: PMC10680169 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1270145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life due to vision loss. No pharmacological therapies are currently approved for DR, excepted the drugs to treat diabetic macular edema such as the anti-VEGF agents or steroids administered by intraocular route. Advancements in research have highlighted the crucial role of early intervention in DR for halting or delaying disease progression. This holds immense significance in enhancing patients' quality of life and alleviating the societal burden associated with medical care costs. The non-proliferative stage represents the early phase of DR. In comparison to the proliferative stage, pathological changes primarily manifest as microangiomas and hemorrhages, while at the cellular level, there is a loss of pericytes, neuronal cell death, and disruption of components and functionality within the retinal neuronal vascular unit encompassing pericytes and neurons. Both neurodegenerative and microvascular abnormalities manifest in the early stages of DR. Therefore, our focus lies on the non-proliferative stage of DR and we have initially summarized the mechanisms involved in its development, including pathways such as polyols, that revolve around the pathological changes occurring during this early stage. We also integrate cutting-edge mechanisms, including leukocyte adhesion, neutrophil extracellular traps, multiple RNA regulation, microorganisms, cell death (ferroptosis and pyroptosis), and other related mechanisms. The current status of drug therapy for early-stage DR is also discussed to provide insights for the development of pharmaceutical interventions targeting the early treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Dong An
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Hong Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Zhao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Qing Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Kang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jiang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hang-Yu Ji
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Prosseda PP, Dannewitz Prosseda S, Tran M, Liton PB, Sun Y. Crosstalk between the mTOR pathway and primary cilia in human diseases. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:1-37. [PMID: 38043949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process whereby excessive or damaged cytoplasmic components are degraded through lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Studies of mTOR signaling have revealed that mTOR controls biomass generation and metabolism by modulating key cellular processes, including protein synthesis and autophagy. Primary cilia, the assembly of which depends on kinesin molecular motors, serve as sensory organelles and signaling platforms. Given these pathways' central role in maintaining cellular and physiological homeostasis, a connection between mTOR and primary cilia signaling is starting to emerge in a variety of diseases. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complex crosstalk between the mTOR pathway and cilia and discuss its function in the context of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp P Prosseda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Matthew Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Paloma B Liton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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24
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Wang T, Wang X, Fu T, Ma Y, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhou H, Chang X, Tong Y. Roles of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in diabetic myocardial microvascular injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:675-688. [PMID: 37755621 PMCID: PMC10746668 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial microvessels are composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining vascular barrier function, luminal latency, vascular tone, and myocardial perfusion. Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of cardiac microvascular injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition to their role in glucose oxidation and energy metabolism, mitochondria also participate in non-metabolic processes such as apoptosis, intracellular ion handling, and redox balancing. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are responsible for regulating the quality and quantity of mitochondria in response to hyperglycemia. However, these endogenous homeostatic mechanisms can both preserve and/or disrupt non-metabolic mitochondrial functions during diabetic endothelial damage and cardiac microvascular injury. This review provides an overview of the molecular features and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Furthermore, we summarize findings from various investigations that suggest abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and defective mitophagy contribute to the development of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and myocardial microvascular injury. Finally, we discuss different therapeutic strategies aimed at improving endothelial homeostasis and cardiac microvascular function through the enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Cardiovascular Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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25
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Ebrahimi M, Thompson P, Lauer AK, Sivaprasad S, Perry G. The retina-brain axis and diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2079-2095. [PMID: 37259525 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231172229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major contributor to permanent vision loss and blindness. Changes in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature have been the focus of intensive study in the quest to better understand DR. However, the impact of diabetes on the rest of the visual system has received less attention. There are reports of associations of changes in the visual system with preclinical and clinical manifestations of diabetes. Simultaneous investigation of the retina and the brain may shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in diabetics. Additionally, investigating the links between DR and other neurodegenerative disorders of the brain including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease may reveal shared mechanisms for neurodegeneration and potential therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas K Lauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas and San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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26
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Swinkels D, Kocherlakota S, Das Y, Dane AD, Wever EJM, Vaz FM, Bazan NG, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M. DHA Shortage Causes the Early Degeneration of Photoreceptors and RPE in Mice With Peroxisomal β-Oxidation Deficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:10. [PMID: 37934161 PMCID: PMC10631513 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients deficient in peroxisomal β-oxidation, which is essential for the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and breakdown of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), both important components of photoreceptor outer segments, develop retinopathy present with retinopathy. The representative mouse model lacking the central enzyme of this pathway, multifunctional protein 2 (Mfp2-/-), also show early-onset retinal decay and cell-autonomous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration, accompanied by reduced plasma and retinal DHA levels. In this study, we investigated whether DHA supplementation can rescue the retinal degeneration of Mfp2-/- mice. Methods Mfp2+/- breeding pairs and their offspring were fed a 0.12% DHA or control diet during gestation and lactation and until sacrifice. Offspring were analyzed for retinal function via electroretinograms and for lipid composition of neural retina and plasma with lipidome analysis and gas chromatography, respectively, and histologically using retinal sections and RPE flatmounts at the ages of 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Results DHA supplementation to Mfp2-/- mice restored retinal DHA levels and prevented photoreceptor shortening, death, and impaired functioning until 8 weeks. In addition, rescue of retinal DHA levels temporarily improved the ability of the RPE to phagocytose outer segments and delayed the RPE dedifferentiation. However, despite the initial rescue of retinal integrity, DHA supplementation could not prevent retinal degeneration at 16 weeks. Conclusions We reveal that the shortage of a systemic supply of DHA is pivotal for the early retinal degeneration in Mfp2-/- mice. Furthermore, we report that adequate retinal DHA levels are essential not only for photoreceptors but also for RPE homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sai Kocherlakota
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Das
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriaan D. Dane
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J. M. Wever
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Deliyanti D, Suphapimol V, Ang P, Tang X, Jayasimhan A, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Early Depletion of Neutrophils Reduces Retinal Inflammation and Neovascularization in Mice with Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15680. [PMID: 37958664 PMCID: PMC10648252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation is a central feature of ocular neovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, but the contribution of neutrophils to this process is not fully understood. We studied oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) which develops in two phases, featuring hyperoxia-induced retinal vaso-obliteration in phase I, followed by retinal neovascularization in phase II. As neutrophils are acute responders to tissue damage, we evaluated whether neutrophil depletion with an anti-Ly6G mAb administered in phase I OIR influenced retinal inflammation and vascular injury. Neutrophils were measured in blood and spleen via flow cytometry, and myeloperoxidase, an indicator of neutrophil activity, was evaluated in the retina using Western blotting. Retinal vasculopathy was assessed by quantitating vaso-obliteration, neovascularization, vascular leakage, and VEGF levels. The inflammatory factors, TNF, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in retina. In the OIR controls, neutrophils were increased in the blood and spleen in phase I but not phase II OIR. In OIR, the anti-Ly6G mAb reduced neutrophils in the blood and spleen, and myeloperoxidase, inflammation, and vasculopathy in the retina. Our findings revealed that the early rise in neutrophils in OIR primes the retina for an inflammatory and angiogenic response that promotes severe damage to the retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Wilkinson-Berka
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (D.D.); (V.S.); (P.A.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
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28
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Harman JC, Pivodic A, Nilsson AK, Boeck M, Yagi H, Neilsen K, Ko M, Yang J, Kinter M, Hellström A, Fu Z. Postnatal hyperglycemia alters amino acid profile in retinas (model of Phase I ROP). iScience 2023; 26:108021. [PMID: 37841591 PMCID: PMC10568433 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional deprivation occurring in most preterm infants postnatally can induce hyperglycemia, a significant and independent risk factor for suppressing physiological retinal vascularization (Phase I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)), leading to compensatory but pathological neovascularization. Amino acid supplementation reduces retinal neovascularization in mice. Little is known about amino acid contribution to Phase I ROP. In mice modeling hyperglycemia-associated Phase I ROP, we found significant changes in retinal amino acids (including most decreased L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine). Parenteral L-isoleucine suppressed physiological retinal vascularization. In premature infants, severe ROP was associated with a higher mean intake of parenteral versus enteral amino acids in the first two weeks of life after adjustment for treatment group, gestational age at birth, birth weight, and sex. The number of days with parenteral amino acids support independently predicted severe ROP. Further understanding and modulating amino acids may help improve nutritional intervention and prevent Phase I ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod C. Harman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aldina Pivodic
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Myriam Boeck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hitomi Yagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katherine Neilsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ann Hellström
- The Sahlgrenska Centre for Pediatric Ophthalmology Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sadikan MZ, Abdul Nasir NA, Lambuk L, Mohamud R, Reshidan NH, Low E, Singar SA, Mohmad Sabere AS, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R. Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:421. [PMID: 37858128 PMCID: PMC10588156 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Bukit Baru, 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Reshidan
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Evon Low
- Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Saiful Anuar Singar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, 32306, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq. 1, 400131 , Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lee Q, Chan WC, Qu X, Sun Y, Abdelkarim H, Le J, Saqib U, Sun MY, Kruse K, Banerjee A, Hitchinson B, Geyer M, Huang F, Guaiquil V, Mutso AA, Sanders M, Rosenblatt MI, Maienschein-Cline M, Lawrence MS, Gaponenko V, Malik AB, Komarova YA. End binding-3 inhibitor activates regenerative program in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101223. [PMID: 37794584 PMCID: PMC10591057 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by leaky neovessels emanating from the choroid, is a main cause of blindness. As current treatments for wet AMD require regular intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biologics, there is a need for the development of less invasive treatments. Here, we designed an allosteric inhibitor of end binding-3 (EB3) protein, termed EBIN, which reduces the effects of environmental stresses on endothelial cells by limiting pathological calcium signaling. Delivery of EBIN via eye drops in mouse and non-human primate (NHP) models of wet AMD prevents both neovascular leakage and choroidal neovascularization. EBIN reverses the epigenetic changes induced by environmental stresses, allowing an activation of a regenerative program within metabolic-active endothelial cells comprising choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of EBIN in preventing the degenerative processes underlying wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wan Ching Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell Y Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Melissa Geyer
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amelia A Mutso
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Loukovaara S, Korhonen A, Niskanen L, Haukka J. Development of diabetic macular oedema shows associations with systemic medication - An epidemiological study. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37789702 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify associations between systemic drugs and the incidence of diabetic macular oedema (DME). Of interest was to find beneficial and/or deleterious associations of used drugs. METHODS A historic cohort design based on administrative data. Study population consisted of 150 353 individuals with diabetes. Endpoint event was the development of DME (ICD-10 H36.01), censoring events were death or study end December 2017. The follow-up started between 1997 and 2010. The systemic medication consisted of 95 substances. We constructed a nested case-control study design comparing 2630 cases with DME to 13 144 age- and sex-matched controls without DME. Results are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Incidence rate for DME was 1.80 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1.73-1.87). In all, we observed a lower incidence rate of DME in females (IRR 0.57; 95% CI 0.52-0.62) compared to males. Exposure to hormone replacement therapy estradiol (OR 0.42; 0.25-0.68), temazepam (0.23; 0.08-0.62) and allopurinol (0.61; 0.43-0.86) were associated with lower risk of DME, while use of insulin or insulin analogue (3.30; 2.99-3.64), sulfonylureas (1.21; 1.05-1.40), diuretic furosemide (1.90; 1.61-2.24), calcium channel blocker amlodipine (1.53; 1.34-1.75), ACE inhibitors ramipril (1.66; 1.46-1.89) and enalapril (1.38; 1.16-1.64) were associated with an increased risk of DME. CONCLUSIONS Large-scale studies examining the incidence of DME are lacking. Our findings suggest that associations of systemic medications with the incidence of DME may shed light on the pathogenesis of complex DME, encouraging further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Loukovaara
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ani Korhonen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Niskanen
- Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti and Eira Hospital, Helsinki Finland and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhao L, Pan Q. Highly-Expressed MiR-221-3p Distinctly Increases the Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:17. [PMID: 37856104 PMCID: PMC10593132 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). MiR-221-3p is implicated in microvascular dysfunction in DR, and we explored their relationship. Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were allocated to the non-DR (NDR)/nonproliferative DR (NPDR)/proliferative DR (PDR) groups, with their clinical baseline and pathological data collected. The miR-221-3p and VEGF levels were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA, respectively. Peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and endothelial cell (EC) ratios were ascertained by flow cytometry. The correlations between miR-221-3p levels and VEGF/EPCs/ECs, the predictive value of serum miR-221-3p levels in DR, and the independent risk factors for DR occurrence in T2DM were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Results Serum miR-221-3p was highly expressed in DR. Clinical severity of DR was positively correlated with miR-221-3p levels. Endothelial function was impaired in DR. Serum miR-221-3p levels in DR were favorably correlated with VEGF and ECs and negatively associated with EPCs. The area under the curve of serum miR-221-3p in evaluating DR occurrence in patients with T2DM was 0.8178 (1.235 cutoff value, 69.62% sensitivity, and 82.35% specificity). High expression of miR-221-3p increased DR incidence in patients with T2DM. Diabetes course, VEGF, EPCs, ECs, and miR-221-3p levels were independent risk factors for DR development in patients with T2DM. Conclusions Serum miR-221-3p levels in patients with DR were positively correlated with VEGF and ECs and negatively linked with EPCs. Highly expressed miR-221-3p distinctly increased DR incidence in patients with T2DM and was an independent risk factor for DR development in patients with T2DM. Translational Relevance This study assessed serum miR-221-3p level and endothelial function indicators (VEGF, EPCs, and ECs) in patients with DR and analyzed the correlation between each indicator. We found that high serum miR-221-3p expression prominently increased the incidence of DR in patients with T2DM and was an independent risk factor for the development of DR in patients with T2DM. This study provided a scientific basis for further clarification of the pathogenesis of DR, and also provided new ideas for clinical prediction and management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Qingmin Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
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Hernandez BJ, Skiba NP, Plössl K, Strain M, Liu Y, Grigsby D, Kelly U, Cady MA, Manocha V, Maminishkis A, Watkins T, Miller SS, Ashley‐Koch A, Stamer WD, Weber BHF, Bowes Rickman C, Klingeborn M. Polarized Desmosome and Hemidesmosome Shedding via Small Extracellular Vesicles is an Early Indicator of Outer Blood-Retina Barrier Dysfunction. J Extracell Biol 2023; 2:e116. [PMID: 38108061 PMCID: PMC10720597 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) constitutes the outer blood-retinal barrier, enables photoreceptor function of the eye, and is constantly exposed to oxidative stress. As such, dysfunction of the RPE underlies pathology leading to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly in industrialized nations. A major responsibility of the RPE is to process photoreceptor outer segments, which relies on the proper functioning of its endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking. Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) from RPE are an essential part of these pathways and may be early indicators of cellular stress. To test the role of small EVs (sEVs) including exosomes, that may underlie the early stages of AMD, we used a polarized primary RPE cell culture model under chronic subtoxic oxidative stress. Unbiased proteomic analyses of highly purified basolateral sEVs from oxidatively stressed RPE cultures revealed changes in proteins involved in epithelial barrier integrity. There were also significant changes in proteins accumulating in the basal-side sub-RPE extracellular matrix during oxidative stress, that could be prevented with an inhibitor of sEV release. Thus, chronic subtoxic oxidative stress in primary RPE cultures induces changes in sEV content, including basal-side specific desmosome and hemidesmosome shedding via sEVs. These findings provide novel biomarkers of early cellular dysfunction and opportunity for therapeutic intervention in age-related retinal diseases (e.g., AMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Hernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nikolai P. Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Madison Strain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Daniel Grigsby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Una Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Martha A. Cady
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Vikram Manocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and DiseaseNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - TeddiJo Watkins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Office of Animal Welfare Assurance, Duke Animal Care and Use ProgramDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sheldon S. Miller
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and DiseaseNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Allison Ashley‐Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Institute of Clinical Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- McLaughlin Research InstituteGreat FallsMontanaUSA
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Ramachandra Rao S, Fliesler SJ. A simple, rapid fluorescent reporter-based method for detection of ectopic cre recombinase expression in presumed retinal cell type-targeted mouse lines. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109637. [PMID: 37659708 PMCID: PMC10756212 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Although cell type-specific Cre recombinase-expressing mouse lines are commonly used to generate conditional knockout of genes of interest, germline recombination and ectopic "leakiness" in Cre recombinase expression in non-specific cell types has been observed in several neuronal and glial-specific Cre lines. This often leads to inadvertent loss of conditional mouse lines, requiring rederivation. It is therefore imperative to be able to monitor and validate cell type-specific Cre recombinase-mediated gene editing. Herein, we describe a simple, inexpensive, rapid ZsGreen fluor-reporter-based strategy for genotype-free identification of ectopic leakiness using a custom-designed, 3-D blue LED light box. We assessed cell type-specific expression in several allegedly specific Cre recombinase mouse lines commonly used in vision research: retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific (VMD2 (Best1) Cre, RPE65 Cre); astrocyte-specific (GFAP Cre); as well as photoreceptor-bipolar progenitor cell-specific (CRX Cre). Our standardized workflow allows facile, rapid identification of ectopic and non-specific Cre recombinase expression in any presume specific Cre mouse line, without the need for genotyping and without causing animal distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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35
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Choi AJ, Hefley BS, Nicholas SE, Cunningham RL, Karamichos D. Novel Correlation between TGF-β1/-β3 and Hormone Receptors in the Human Corneal Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13635. [PMID: 37686439 PMCID: PMC10487450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the interplay between transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1/T1 and TGF-β3/T3), and sex hormone receptors using our 3D in vitro cornea stroma model. Primary human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) from healthy donors were plated in transwells at 106 cells/well and cultured for four weeks. HCFs were supplemented with stable vitamin C (VitC) and stimulated with T1 or T3. 3D construct proteins were analyzed for the androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (KiSS1R/GPR54), and follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta (FSH-B). In female constructs, T1 significantly upregulated AR, PR, ERα, FSHR, GnRHR, and KiSS1R. In male constructs, T1 significantly downregulated FSHR and FSH-B and significantly upregulated ERα, ERβ, and GnRHR. T3 caused significant upregulation in expressions PR, ERα, ERβ, LHR, FSHR, and GNRHR in female constructs, and significant downregulation of AR, ERα, and FSHR in male constructs. Semi-quantitative Western blot findings present the interplay between sex hormone receptors and TGF-β isoforms in the corneal stroma, which is influenced by sex as a biological variable (SABV). Additional studies are warranted to fully delineate their interactions and signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Choi
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Brenna S. Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Rebecca L. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Muns SM, Villegas VM, Flynn HW, Schwartz SG. Update on current pharmacologic therapies for diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1577-1593. [PMID: 37431888 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of visual loss worldwide. The most important clinical findings include diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). AREAS COVERED PubMed was used for our literature review. Articles from 1995 to 2023 were included. Pharmacologic treatment of diabetic retinopathy generally involves the use of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for DME and PDR. Corticosteroids remain important second-line therapies for patients with DME. Most emerging therapies focus on newly identified inflammatory mediators and biochemical signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. EXPERT OPINION Emerging anti-VEGF modalities, integrin antagonists, and anti-inflammatory agents have the potential to improve outcomes with reduced treatment burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía M Muns
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Victor M Villegas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harry W Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephen G Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Augustine J, Pavlou S, Harkin K, Stitt AW, Xu H, Chen M. IL-33 regulates Müller cell-mediated retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050174. [PMID: 37671525 PMCID: PMC10499035 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterised by dysfunction of the retinal neurovascular unit, leading to visual impairment and blindness. Müller cells are key components of the retinal neurovascular unit and diabetes has a detrimental impact on these glial cells, triggering progressive neurovascular pathology of DR. Amongst many factors expressed by Müller cells, interleukin-33 (IL-33) has an established immunomodulatory role, and we investigated the role of endogenous IL-33 in DR. The expression of IL-33 in Müller cells increased during diabetes. Wild-type and Il33-/- mice developed equivalent levels of hyperglycaemia and weight loss following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electroretinogram a- and b-wave amplitudes, neuroretina thickness, and the numbers of cone photoreceptors and ganglion cells were significantly reduced in Il33-/- diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type counterparts. The Il33-/- diabetic retina also exhibited microglial activation, sustained gliosis, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins. Primary Müller cells from Il33-/- mice expressed significantly lower levels of neurotransmitter-related genes (Glul and Slc1a3) and neurotrophin genes (Cntf, Lif, Igf1 and Ngf) under high-glucose conditions. Our results suggest that deletion of IL-33 promotes inflammation and neurodegeneration in DR, and that this cytokine is critical for regulation of glutamate metabolism, neurotransmitter recycling and neurotrophin secretion by Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sofia Pavlou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kevin Harkin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Jones MK, Orozco LD, Qin H, Truong T, Caplazi P, Elstrott J, Modrusan Z, Chaney SY, Jeanne M. Integration of human stem cell-derived in vitro systems and mouse preclinical models identifies complex pathophysiologic mechanisms in retinal dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1252547. [PMID: 37691820 PMCID: PMC10483287 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1252547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare DRAM2 coding variants cause retinal dystrophy with early macular involvement via unknown mechanisms. We found that DRAM2 is ubiquitously expressed in the human eye and expression changes were observed in eyes with more common maculopathy such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). To gain insights into pathogenicity of DRAM2-related retinopathy, we used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models. We found that DRAM2 loss in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal organoids caused the presence of additional mesenchymal cells. Interestingly, Dram2 loss in mice also caused increased proliferation of cells from the choroid in vitro and exacerbated choroidal neovascular lesions in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that DRAM2 loss in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells resulted in increased susceptibility to stress-induced cell death in vitro and that Dram2 loss in mice caused age-related photoreceptor degeneration. This highlights the complexity of DRAM2 function, as its loss in choroidal cells provided a proliferative advantage, whereas its loss in post-mitotic cells, such as photoreceptor and RPE cells, increased degeneration susceptibility. Different models such as human pluripotent stem cell-derived systems and mice can be leveraged to study and model human retinal dystrophies; however, cell type and species-specific expression must be taken into account when selecting relevant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Product Development Clinical Science Ophthalmology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Luz D. Orozco
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Han Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tom Truong
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next-Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shawnta Y. Chaney
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marion Jeanne
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Nam U, Lee S, Jeon JS. Generation of a 3D Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier with Advanced Choriocapillaris and Its Application in Diabetic Retinopathy in a Microphysiological System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4929-4939. [PMID: 37494673 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) provides an optimal environment for the function of the photoreceptor by regulating the exchange of molecules between subretinal space and the choriocapillaris, and its dysfunction could impair the photoreceptor's function and vision. The existing in vitro models have limitations in reproducing the barrier function or physiological characteristics of oBRB and choriocapillaris. Here, we engineered a microphysiological system-based oBRB-choriocapillaris model that simultaneously incorporates the desired physiological characteristics and is simple to fabricate. First, we generated microvascular networks to mimic choriocapillaris and investigated the role of fibroblasts in vasculogenesis. By adding retinal pigment epithelial cells to one side of blood vessels formed with endothelial cells and fibroblasts and optimizing their culture medium conditions, we established an oBRB-choriocapillaris model. To verify the physiological similarity of our oBRB-choriocapillaris model, we identified the polarization and expression of the tight junction of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, and the fenestral diaphragm of choriocapillaris. Finally, we tried to recapitulate the diabetes mellitus environment in our model with hyperglycemia and diabetes-related cytokines. This induced a decrease in tight junction integrity, loss of barrier function, and shrinkage of blood vessels, similar to the in vivo pathological changes observed in the oBRB and choriocapillaris. The oBRB-choriocapillaris model developed using a microphysiological system is expected to offer a valuable in vitro platform for retinal and choroidal vascular diseases in preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ungsig Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Bardak H, Uğuz AC, Bardak Y, Rocha-Pimienta J, Delgado-Adámez J, Espino J. Selenium Protects ARPE-19 and ACBRI 181 Cells against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 28:5961. [PMID: 37630213 PMCID: PMC10459791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), can cause severe visual loss. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a crucial role in retinal physiology but is vulnerable to oxidative damage. We investigated the protective effects of selenium (Se) on retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) and primary human retinal microvascular endothelial (ACBRI 181) cells against high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cascade. To achieve this objective, we utilized varying concentrations of D-glucose (ranging from 5 to 80 mM) to induce the HG model. HG-induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 and ACBRI 181 cells and the apoptotic cascade were evaluated by determining Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3/-9 activation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and apoptosis levels. A cell viability assay utilizing MTT was conducted to ascertain the optimal concentration of Se to be employed. The quantification of MTT, ROS, VEGF levels, and caspase-3 and -9 activation was accomplished using a plate reader. To quantitatively assess LP and GSH levels, GSH-Px activities were utilized by spectrophotometer and apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores were evaluated by spectrofluorometer. Our investigation revealed a significant augmentation in oxidative stress induced by HG, leading to cellular damage through modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS levels, and intracellular Ca2+ release. Incubation with Se resulted in a notable reduction in ROS production induced by HG, as well as a reduction in apoptosis and the activation of caspase-3 and -9. Additionally, Se incubation led to decreased levels of VEGF and LP while concurrently increasing levels of GSH and GSH-Px. The findings from this study strongly suggest that Se exerts a protective effect on ARPE-19 and ACBRI 181 cells against HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. This protective mechanism is partially mediated through the intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Bardak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asya Hospital, 34100 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Abdülhadi Cihangir Uğuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Pimienta
- Technological Agri-Food Institute (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (J.R.-P.); (J.D.-A.)
| | - Jonathan Delgado-Adámez
- Technological Agri-Food Institute (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (J.R.-P.); (J.D.-A.)
| | - Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Li X, Chen M. Correlation of hemoglobin levels with diabetic retinopathy in US adults aged ≥40 years: the NHANES 2005-2008. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195647. [PMID: 37600684 PMCID: PMC10433903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the connection between hemoglobin levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Cross-sectional research used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between DR and hemoglobin levels. Additionally, generalized additivity models and smoothed curve fitting were carried out. Results After adjusting for several covariates, there was a negative association between hemoglobin levels and DR in the study, which included 837 participants. The negative association between hemoglobin levels and DR was present in men and women, the obese (BMI > 30), and 60- to 69-year-olds in subgroup analyses stratified by sex, BMI, and age. The association between hemoglobin levels and DR in the normal weight group (BMI < 25) displayed an inverted U-shaped curve with an inflection point of 13.7 (g/dL). Conclusion In conclusion, our research reveals that high hemoglobin levels are related to a decreased risk of DR. Ascertaining the hemoglobin levels ought to be regarded as an integral facet of the monitoring regimen for patients with diabetic complications and that the risk of DR is reduced through the detection and management of hemoglobin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meirong Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, Shandong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Krylov A, Yu S, Veen K, Newton A, Ye A, Qin H, He J, Jusuf PR. Heterogeneity in quiescent Müller glia in the uninjured zebrafish retina drive differential responses following photoreceptor ablation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1087136. [PMID: 37575968 PMCID: PMC10413128 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of neurons in the neural retina is a leading cause of vision loss. While humans do not possess the capacity for retinal regeneration, zebrafish can achieve this through activation of resident Müller glia. Remarkably, despite the presence of Müller glia in humans and other mammalian vertebrates, these cells lack an intrinsic ability to contribute to regeneration. Upon activation, zebrafish Müller glia can adopt a stem cell-like state, undergo proliferation and generate new neurons. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this activation subsequent retinal regeneration remains unclear. Methods/Results To address this, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and report remarkable heterogeneity in gene expression within quiescent Müller glia across distinct dorsal, central and ventral retina pools of such cells. Next, we utilized a genetically driven, chemically inducible nitroreductase approach to study Müller glia activation following selective ablation of three distinct photoreceptor subtypes: long wavelength sensitive cones, short wavelength sensitive cones, and rods. There, our data revealed that a region-specific bias in activation of Müller glia exists in the zebrafish retina, and this is independent of the distribution of the ablated cell type across retinal regions. Notably, gene ontology analysis revealed that injury-responsive dorsal and central Müller glia express genes related to dorsal/ventral pattern formation, growth factor activity, and regulation of developmental process. Through scRNA-seq analysis, we identify a shared genetic program underlying initial Müller glia activation and cell cycle entry, followed by differences that drive the fate of regenerating neurons. We observed an initial expression of AP-1 and injury-responsive transcription factors, followed by genes involved in Notch signaling, ribosome biogenesis and gliogenesis, and finally expression of cell cycle, chromatin remodeling and microtubule-associated genes. Discussion Taken together, our findings document the regional specificity of gene expression within quiescent Müller glia and demonstrate unique Müller glia activation and regeneration features following neural ablation. These findings will improve our understanding of the molecular pathways relevant to neural regeneration in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Krylov
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kellie Veen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel Newton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwen Qin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patricia R. Jusuf
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Scalinci SZ, Mordà D, Rinaldi C, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Human retinal secretome: A cross-link between mesenchymal and retinal cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:665-686. [PMID: 37545752 PMCID: PMC10401416 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i7.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the most effective source for regenerative medicine, especially due to released soluble paracrine bioactive components and extracellular vesicles. These factors, collectively called the secretome, play crucial roles in immunomodulation and in improving survival and regeneration capabilities of injured tissue. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the secretome released by retinal cytotypes, especially retinal pigment epithelium and Müller glia cells. The latter trophic factors represent the key to preserving morphofunctional integrity of the retina, regulating biological pathways involved in survival, function and responding to injury. Furthermore, these factors can play a pivotal role in onset and progression of retinal diseases after damage of cell secretory function. In this review, we delineated the importance of cross-talk between MSCs and retinal cells, focusing on common/induced secreted factors, during experimental therapy for retinal diseases. The cross-link between the MSC and retinal cell secretomes suggests that the MSC secretome can modulate the retinal cell secretome and vice versa. For example, the MSC secretome can protect retinal cells from degeneration by reducing oxidative stress, autophagy and programmed cell death. Conversely, the retinal cell secretome can influence the MSC secretome by inducing changes in MSC gene expression and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
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Karan BM, Little K, Augustine J, Stitt AW, Curtis TM. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Aldo-Keto Reductase Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Emerging Roles in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1466. [PMID: 37508004 PMCID: PMC10376360 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to vision loss and blindness. It is driven by various biochemical processes and molecular mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation and disrupted aldehyde metabolism, which contributes to retinal tissue damage and the progression of the disease. The elimination and processing of aldehydes in the retina rely on the crucial role played by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes. This review article investigates the impact of oxidative stress, lipid-derived aldehydes, and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) on the advancement of DR. It also provides an overview of the ALDH and AKR enzymes expressed in the retina, emphasizing their growing importance in DR. Understanding the relationship between aldehyde metabolism and DR could guide innovative therapeutic strategies to protect the retina and preserve vision in diabetic patients. This review, therefore, also explores various approaches, such as gene therapy and pharmacological compounds that have the potential to augment the expression and activity of ALDH and AKR enzymes, underscoring their potential as effective treatment options for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Mugdat Karan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Karis Little
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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45
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Robles-Osorio ML, Sabath E. Tight junction disruption and the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1013-1026. [PMID: 37547580 PMCID: PMC10401447 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus constitute a major public health problem. For example, diabetic eye diseases are the most important cause of blindness, and diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these chronic complications are still poorly understood, preventing the development of effective treatment strategies. Tight junctions (TJs) are epithelial intercellular junctions located at the most apical region of cell-cell contacts, and their main function is to restrict the passage of molecules through the paracellular space. The TJs consist of over 40 proteins, and the most important are occludin, claudins and the zonula occludens. Accumulating evidence suggests that TJ disruption in different organs, such as the brain, nerves, retina and kidneys, plays a fundamental pathophysiological role in the development of chronic complications. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier has been demonstrated in diabetic neuropathy, brain injury and diabetic retinopathy. The consequences of TJ disruption on kidney function or progression of kidney disease are currently unknown. In the present review, we highlighted the molecular events that lead to barrier dysfunction in diabetes. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying TJ disruption is expected to provide new insights into therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Sabath
- Renal and Metabolism Unit, Hospital General de Querétaro, Queretaro 76180, Mexico
- Department of Nutrition, Universidad Autónoma de Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
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Daley R, Maddipatla V, Ghosh S, Chowdhury O, Hose S, Zigler JS, Sinha D, Liu H. Aberrant Akt2 signaling in the RPE may contribute to retinal fibrosis process in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:243. [PMID: 37443129 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that causes blindness in adults. Retinal fibrosis is closely associated with developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Clinical studies have shown that fibrotic membranes exhibit uncontrolled growth in PDR and contribute to retinal detachment from RPE cells, ultimately leading to vision loss. While anti-VEGF agents and invasive laser treatments are the primary treatments for PDR, retinal fibrosis has received minimal attention as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, to investigate the potential role of Akt2 in the diabetes-induced retinal fibrosis process, we generated RPE-specific Akt2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and induced diabetes in these mice and Akt2fl/fl control mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After an 8-month duration of diabetes (10 months of age), the mice were euthanized and expression of tight junction proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and fibrosis markers were examined in the RPE. Diabetes induction in the floxed control mice decreased levels of the RPE tight junction protein ZO-1 and adherens junction proteins occludin and E-cadherin; these decreases were rescued in Akt2 cKO diabetic mice. Loss of Akt2 also inhibited diabetes-induced elevation of RNA and protein levels of the EMT markers Snail/Slug and Twist1 in the RPE as compared to Akt2fl/fl diabetic mice. We also found that in Akt2 cKO mice diabetes-induced increase of fibrosis markers, including collagen IV, Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, and alpha-SMA was attenuated. Furthermore, we observed that high glucose-induced alterations in EMT and fibrosis markers in wild-type (WT) RPE explants were rescued in the presence of PI3K and ERK inhibitors, indicating diabetes-induced retinal fibrosis may be mediated via the PI3K/Akt2/ERK signaling, which could provide a novel target for DR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Daley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishnu Maddipatla
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Samuel Zigler
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Peng X, Zhang T, Liu R, Jin X. Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04798-w. [PMID: 37402019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Posterior ocular disease, a disease that accounts for 55% of all ocular diseases, can contribute to permanent vision loss if left without treatment. Due to the special structure of the eye, various obstacles make it difficult for drugs to reach lesions in the posterior ocular segment. Therefore, the development of highly permeable targeted drugs and delivery systems is particularly important. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles at 30-150 nm, which are secreted by various cells, tissues, and body fluids. They carry various signaling molecules, thus endowing them with certain physiological functions. In this review, we describe the ocular barriers and the biogenesis, isolation, and engineering of exosomes, as exosomes not only have pharmacological effects but also are good nanocarriers with targeted properties. Moreover, their biocompatibility and immunogenicity are better than synthetic nanocarriers. Most importantly, they may have the ability to pass through the blood-eye barrier. Thus, they may be developed as both targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. We focus on the current status and potential application of exosomes as targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles in posterior ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Health Services, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, Chenlin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
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Yamamoto T, Kase S, Shinkai A, Murata M, Kikuchi K, Wu D, Kageyama Y, Shinohara M, Sasase T, Ishida S. Phosphorylation of αB-Crystallin Involves Interleukin-1β-Mediated Intracellular Retention in Retinal Müller Cells: A New Mechanism Underlying Fibrovascular Membrane Formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:20. [PMID: 37459063 PMCID: PMC10362920 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in which biological alterations of retinal glial cells are one of the key elements. The phosphorylation of αB-crystallin/CRYAB modulates its molecular dynamics and chaperone activity, and attenuates αB-crystallin secretion via exosomes. In this study, we investigated the effect of phosphorylated αB-crystallin in retinal Müller cells on diabetic mimicking conditions, including interleukin (IL)-1β stimuli. Methods Human retinal Müller cells (MIO-M1) were used to examine gene and protein expressions with real-time quantitative PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoblot analyses. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Caspase-3/7 assay and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Retinal tissues isolated from the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, a type 2 diabetic animal model with obesity, and fibrovascular membranes from patients with PDR were examined by double-staining immunofluorescence. Results CRYAB mRNA was downregulated in MIO-M1 cells with the addition of 10 ng/mL IL-1β; however, intracellular αB-crystallin protein levels were maintained. The αB-crystallin serine 59 (Ser59) residue was phosphorylated with IL-1β application in MIO-M1 cells. Cell apoptosis in MIO-M1 cells was induced by CRYAB knockdown. Immunoreactivity for Ser59-phosphorylated αB-crystallin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was colocalized in glial cells of SDT fatty rats and fibrovascular membranes. Conclusions The Ser59 phosphorylation of αB-crystallin was modulated by IL-1β in Müller cells under diabetic mimicking inflammatory conditions, suggesting that αB-crystallin contributes to the pathogenesis of PDR through an anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Satoru Kase
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shinkai
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyuki Murata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kasumi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Garber D, Zhu S. Implications of Caspase 1/ Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) Signaling and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIF-1α) on Diabetic Retinopathy Pathology. Cureus 2023; 15:e42479. [PMID: 37637673 PMCID: PMC10451098 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of adult blindness and partial vision loss in modern society for hyperglycemic patients. Accordingly, new treatment options are imperative to the overall reduction of DR prevalence and the ongoing progression of already affected candidates. There are many diseases that are the direct result of specific inflammatory processes. In this literature, DR is looked at as a potential disease that can be alleviated by targeting caspase 1/ interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathways and reducing cytokine mobilization within retinal tissues. Caspase-1 is thought to be upregulated during retinal capillary degeneration and other ocular complications. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is implicated in its role in neovascularization and cell apoptosis within a retinal cell line. Both of these proteins are shown to be significantly elevated in hyperglycemic and galactosemic mice and, when knocked out, seem to have the reverse effect, showing that there is room for potential non-invasive therapy involving these proteins in the future. Vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha (VEGF-A) is also examined as a main signaling protein involved in the manifestation of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Garber
- Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Physiology, Pharmacology, Renal Medicine, Cardiology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, USA
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Yang J, Hua Z, Zheng Z, Ma X, Zhu L, Li Y. Acteoside inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress injury in RPE cells and the outer retina through the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Exp Eye Res 2023; 232:109496. [PMID: 37268044 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to a high glucose environment experience a series of functional damages, which is an important factor in promoting the progression of DR. Acteoside (ACT) has strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, but the mechanism of ACT in DR is not completely clear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore whether ACT inhibits the damage to RPE cells in a high glucose environment through antioxidative effects to alleviate the DR process. The DR in vitro cell model was constructed by treating RPE cells with high glucose, and the DR in vivo animal model was constructed by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into the peritoneal cavity of mice to induce diabetes. The proliferation and apoptosis of RPE cells were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The expression changes in Nrf2, Keap1, NQO1 and HO-1 were evaluated by qRT‒PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. The MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC contents were detected by kits. The changes in ROS and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 were observed by immunofluorescence assays. HE staining was used to measure the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina, and TUNEL staining was used to detect the number of apoptotic cells in the retinas of mice. In the present study, ACT effectively ameliorated outer retina damage in diabetic mice. In high glucose (HG)-induced RPE cells, ACT treatment had the following effects: improved proliferation, decreased apoptosis, inhibited Keap1 expression, promoted the nuclear translocation and expression of Nrf2, upregulated NQO1 and HO-1 (the target genes of Nrf2) expression, decreased ROS concentration, and increased the levels of the SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC antioxidant indicators. However, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the above phenomena, which indicated that the protective function of ACT in HG-induced RPE cells are closely related to Nrf2. In summary, the present study demonstrated that HG-induced oxidative stress injury is inhibited by ACT in RPE cells and the outer retina through the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhijuan Hua
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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