501
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Willemsen M, Linkutė R, Luiten RM, Matos TR. Skin-resident memory T cells as a potential new therapeutic target in vitiligo and melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:612-622. [PMID: 31230406 PMCID: PMC6851629 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells are abundant in the memory T cell pool and remain resident in peripheral tissues, such as the skin, where they act as alarm sensors or cytotoxic killers. TRM cells persist long after the pathogen is eliminated and can respond rapidly upon reinfection with the same antigen. When aberrantly activated, skin-located TRM cells have a profound role in various skin disorders, including vitiligo and melanoma. Autoreactive TRM cells are present in human lesional vitiligo skin and mouse models of vitiligo, which suggests that targeting these cells could be effective as a durable treatment strategy for vitiligo. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that induction of melanoma-reactive TRM cells is needed to achieve effective protection against tumor growth. This review highlights seminal reports about skin-resident T cells, focusing mainly on their role in the context of vitiligo and melanoma, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Willemsen
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rugile Linkutė
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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502
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Auladell M, Jia X, Hensen L, Chua B, Fox A, Nguyen THO, Doherty PC, Kedzierska K. Recalling the Future: Immunological Memory Toward Unpredictable Influenza Viruses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1400. [PMID: 31312199 PMCID: PMC6614380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent and durable immunological memory forms the basis of any successful vaccination protocol. Generation of pre-existing memory B cell and T cell pools is thus the key for maintaining protective immunity to seasonal, pandemic and avian influenza viruses. Long-lived antibody secreting cells (ASCs) are responsible for maintaining antibody levels in peripheral blood. Generated with CD4+ T help after naïve B cell precursors encounter their cognate antigen, the linked processes of differentiation (including Ig class switching) and proliferation also give rise to memory B cells, which then can change rapidly to ASC status after subsequent influenza encounters. Given that influenza viruses evolve rapidly as a consequence of antibody-driven mutational change (antigenic drift), the current influenza vaccines need to be reformulated frequently and annual vaccination is recommended. Without that process of regular renewal, they provide little protection against “drifted” (particularly H3N2) variants and are mainly ineffective when a novel pandemic (2009 A/H1N1 “swine” flu) strain suddenly emerges. Such limitation of antibody-mediated protection might be circumvented, at least in part, by adding a novel vaccine component that promotes cross-reactive CD8+ T cells specific for conserved viral peptides, presented by widely distributed HLA types. Such “memory” cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can rapidly be recalled to CTL effector status. Here, we review how B cells and follicular T cells are elicited following influenza vaccination and how they survive into a long-term memory. We describe how CD8+ CTL memory is established following influenza virus infection, and how a robust CTL recall response can lead to more rapid virus elimination by destroying virus-infected cells, and recovery. Exploiting long-term, cross-reactive CTL against the continuously evolving and unpredictable influenza viruses provides a possible mechanism for preventing a disastrous pandemic comparable to the 1918-1919 H1N1 “Spanish flu,” which killed more than 50 million people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendon Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Annette Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter C Doherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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503
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Mouse cytomegalovirus-experienced ILC1s acquire a memory response dependent on the viral glycoprotein m12. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1004-1011. [PMID: 31263280 PMCID: PMC6697419 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident sentinels that are essential for early host protection from pathogens at initial sites of infection. However, whether pathogen-derived antigens directly modulate the responses of tissue-resident ILCs has remained unclear. Here, we found that liver-resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) expanded locally and persisted after the resolution of infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). ILC1s acquired stable transcriptional, epigenetic and phenotypic changes a month after the resolution of MCMV infection, and showed an enhanced protective effector response to secondary challenge with MCMV consistent with a memory lymphocyte response. Memory ILC1 responses were dependent on the MCMV-encoded glycoprotein m12, and were independent of bystander activation by proinflammatory cytokines after heterologous infection. Thus, liver ILC1s acquire adaptive features in an MCMV-specific manner.
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504
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Bishu S, El Zaatari M, Hayashi A, Hou G, Bowers N, Kinnucan J, Manoogian B, Muza-Moons M, Zhang M, Grasberger H, Bourque C, Zou W, Higgins PDR, Spence JR, Stidham RW, Kamada N, Kao JY. CD4+ Tissue-resident Memory T Cells Expand and Are a Major Source of Mucosal Tumour Necrosis Factor α in Active Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:905-915. [PMID: 30715262 PMCID: PMC6939878 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tumour necrosis factor [TNF]α- and IL-17A-producing T cells are implicated in Crohn's disease [CD]. Tissue-resident memory T [TRM] cells are tissue-restricted T cells that are regulated by PR zinc finger domain 1 [PRDM1], which has been implicated in pathogenic Th17 cell responses. TRM cells provide host defence but their role in CD is unknown. We thus examined CD4+ TRM cells in CD. METHODS Colon samples were prospectively collected at endoscopy or surgery in CD and control subjects. Flow cytometry and ex vivo assays were performed to characterise CD4+ TRM cells. RESULTS CD4+ TRM cells are the most abundant memory T cell population and are the major T cell source of mucosal TNFα in CD. CD4+ TRM cells are expanded in CD and more avidly produce IL-17A and TNFα relative to control cells. There was a unique population of TNFα+IL-17A+ CD4+ TRM cells in CD which are largely absent in controls. PRDM1 was highly expressed by CD4+ TRM cells but not by other effector T cells. Suppression of PRDM1 was associated with impaired induction of IL17A and TNFA by CD4+ TRM cells. CONCLUSIONS CD4+ TRM cells are expanded in CD and are a major source of TNFα, suggesting that they are important in CD. PRDM1 is expressed by TRM cells and may regulate their function. Collectively, this argues for prospective studies tracking CD4+ TRM cells over the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,Corresponding author: Shrinivas Bishu, MD, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48104. Tel.: [734] 232–5395;
| | - Mohammed El Zaatari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole Bowers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Jami Kinnucan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Beth Manoogian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Muza-Moons
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Charlie Bourque
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, US
| | - Ryan W Stidham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
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505
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Park S, Park J, Kim E, Lee Y. The Capicua/ETS Translocation Variant 5 Axis Regulates Liver-Resident Memory CD8 + T-Cell Development and the Pathogenesis of Liver Injury. Hepatology 2019; 70:358-371. [PMID: 30810242 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver-resident memory T (liver TRM ) cells exert protective immune responses following liver infection by malaria parasites. However, how these TRM cells are developed and what the consequence is if they are not properly maintained remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor, Capicua (CIC), controls liver CD8+ TRM cell development to maintain normal liver function. Cic-deficient mice have a greater number of liver CD8+ TRM cells and liver injury phenotypes accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokine genes in liver tissues. Excessive formation of CD69+ CD8+ TRM -like cells was also observed in mice with acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). Moreover, expansion of liver CD8+ TRM cell population and liver injury phenotypes in T-cell-specific Cic null mice were rescued by codeletion of ETS translocation variant [Etv]5 alleles, indicating that Etv5 is a CIC target gene responsible for regulation of CD8+ TRM cell development and liver function. We also discovered that ETV5 directly regulates expression of Hobit, a master transcription factor for TRM cell development, in CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the CIC-ETV5 axis as a key molecular module that controls CD8+ TRM cell development, indicating a pathogenic role for CD8+ TRM cells in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
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506
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Law BMP, Wilkinson R, Wang X, Kildey K, Giuliani K, Beagley KW, Ungerer J, Healy H, Kassianos AJ. Human Tissue-Resident Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Renal Fibrosis and CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1322-1335. [PMID: 31186283 PMCID: PMC6622420 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a specialized lymphocyte population associated with chronic inflammatory disorders. Little is known, however, about MAIT cells in diseases of the kidney, including CKD. METHODS To evaluate MAIT cells in human native kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of CKD, we used multicolor flow cytometry to identify, enumerate, and phenotype such cells from human kidney tissue biopsy samples, and immunofluorescence microscopy to localize these cells. We cocultured MAIT cells and human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) under hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions to enable examination of mechanistic tubulointerstitial interactions. RESULTS We identified MAIT cells (CD3+ TCR Vα7.2+ CD161hi) in healthy and diseased kidney tissues, detecting expression of tissue-resident markers (CD103/CD69) on MAIT cells in both states. Tissue samples from kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis had significantly elevated numbers of MAIT cells compared with either nonfibrotic samples from diseased kidneys or tissue samples from healthy kidneys. Furthermore, CD69 expression levels, also an established marker of lymphocyte activation, were significantly increased on MAIT cells from fibrotic tissue samples. Immunofluorescent analyses of fibrotic kidney tissue identified MAIT cells accumulating adjacent to PTECs. Notably, MAIT cells activated in the presence of human PTECs under hypoxic conditions (modeling the fibrotic microenvironment) displayed significantly upregulated expression of CD69 and cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B; we also observed a corresponding significant increase in PTEC necrosis in these cocultures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that human tissue-resident MAIT cells in the kidney may contribute to the fibrotic process of CKD via complex interactions with PTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becker M P Law
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kurt Giuliani
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Jacobus Ungerer
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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507
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Snyder ME, Farber DL. Human lung tissue resident memory T cells in health and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 59:101-108. [PMID: 31265968 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human lung contains a heterogeneous population of immune cells which mediate protective responses, maintain tissue homeostasis, but can also promote immunopathology in disease. The majority of T cells in the human lung are tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) which have been shown in mouse models to provide vital roles in the protection against multiple respiratory pathogens, and contribute to heterosubtypic protection in the context of vaccination. In this review, we will discuss recent studies in humans identifying lung TRM, their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and emerging evidence implicating TRM in anti-tumor immunity and immune surveillance as well as their potential for immunopathology in chronic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care at University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Immunology at University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Starzl Transplantation Institute at University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Surgery at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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508
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Walsh DA, Borges da Silva H, Beura LK, Peng C, Hamilton SE, Masopust D, Jameson SC. The Functional Requirement for CD69 in Establishment of Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells Varies with Tissue Location. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:946-955. [PMID: 31243092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have characterized populations of memory CD8+ T cells that do not recirculate through the blood but are, instead, retained in nonlymphoid tissues. Such CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical for pathogen control at barrier sites. Identifying TRM and defining the basis for their tissue residency is therefore of considerable importance for understanding protective immunity and improved vaccine design. Expression of the molecule CD69 is widely used as a definitive marker for TRM, yet it is unclear whether CD69 is universally required for producing or retaining TRM Using multiple mouse models of acute immunization, we found that the functional requirement for CD69 was highly variable, depending on the tissue examined, playing no detectable role in generation of TRM at some sites (such as the small intestine), whereas CD69 was critical for establishing resident cells in the kidney. Likewise, forced expression of CD69 (but not expression of a CD69 mutant unable to bind the egress factor S1PR1) promoted CD8+ TRM generation in the kidney but not in other tissues. Our findings indicate that the functional relevance of CD69 in generation and maintenance of CD8+ TRM varies considerably, chiefly dependent on the specific nonlymphoid tissue studied. Together with previous reports that suggest uncoupling of CD69 expression and tissue residency, these findings prompt caution in reliance on CD69 expression as a consistent marker of CD8+ TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Walsh
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Henrique Borges da Silva
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Changwei Peng
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - David Masopust
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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509
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Park SL, Gebhardt T, Mackay LK. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Cancer Immunosurveillance. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:735-747. [PMID: 31255505 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following their activation and expansion in response to foreign threats, many T cells are retained in peripheral tissues without recirculating in the blood. These tissue-resident CD8+ memory T (TRM) cells patrol barrier surfaces and nonlymphoid organs, where their critical role in protecting against viral and bacterial infections is well established. Recent evidence suggests that TRM cells also play a vital part in preventing the development and spread of solid tumors. Here, we discuss the emerging role of TRM cells in anticancer immunity. We highlight defining features of tumor-localizing TRM cells, examine the mechanisms through which they have recently been shown to suppress cancer growth, and explore their potential as future targets of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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510
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Branzk N, Gronke K, Diefenbach A. Innate lymphoid cells, mediators of tissue homeostasis, adaptation and disease tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:86-101. [PMID: 30294961 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of tissue-resident innate lymphocytes. Available data support the view that ILC or their progenitors are deposited and retained in tissues early during ontogeny. Thereby, ILC become an integral cellular component of tissues and organs. Here, we will review the intriguing relationships between ILC and basic developmental and homeostatic processes within tissues. Studying ILC has already led to the appreciation of the integral roles of immune cells in tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, metabolism, regeneration, and growth. This area of immunology has not yet been studied in-depth but is likely to reveal important networks contributing to disease tolerance and may be harnessed for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Branzk
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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511
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Almeida FF, Jacquelot N, Belz GT. Deconstructing deployment of the innate immune lymphocyte army for barrier homeostasis and protection. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:6-22. [PMID: 30294966 PMCID: PMC6446816 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study of the immune system has shifted from a purely dichotomous separation between the innate and adaptive arms to one that is now highly complex and reshaping our ideas of how steady‐state health is assured. It is now clear that immune cells do not neatly fit into these two streams and immune homeostasis depends on continual dialogue between multiple lineages of the innate (including dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, and unconventional lymphocytes) and adaptive (T and B lymphocytes) arms together with a finely tuned synergy between the host and microbes which is essential to ensure immune homeostasis. Innate lymphoid cells are critical players in this new landscape. Here, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated in detail the development of ILCs from their earliest progenitors and examine factors that influence their identification and ability to drive immune homeostasis and long‐term immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca F Almeida
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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512
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Stabile H, Scarno G, Fionda C, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Gadina M, Sciumè G. JAK/STAT signaling in regulation of innate lymphoid cells: The gods before the guardians. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:148-159. [PMID: 30294965 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to pathogens is ensured through integration of early responses mediated by innate cells and late effector functions taking place after terminal differentiation of adaptive lymphocytes. In this context, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive T cells represent a clear example of how prototypical effector functions, including polarized expression of cytokines and/or cytotoxic activity, can occur with overlapping modalities but different timing. The ability of ILCs to provide early protection relies on their poised epigenetic state, which determines their propensity to quickly respond to cytokines and to activate specific patterns of signal-dependent transcription factors. Cytokines activating the Janus kinases (JAKs) and members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway are key regulators of lymphoid development and sustain the processes underlying T-cell activation and differentiation. The role of the JAK/STAT pathway has been recently extended to several aspects of ILC biology. Here, we discuss how JAK/STAT signals affect ILC development and effector functions in the context of immune responses, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression as well as the potential of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scarno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science Technology (OST), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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513
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514
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Arazi A, Rao DA, Berthier CC, Davidson A, Liu Y, Hoover PJ, Chicoine A, Eisenhaure TM, Jonsson AH, Li S, Lieb DJ, Zhang F, Slowikowski K, Browne EP, Noma A, Sutherby D, Steelman S, Smilek DE, Tosta P, Apruzzese W, Massarotti E, Dall'Era M, Park M, Kamen DL, Furie RA, Payan-Schober F, Pendergraft WF, McInnis EA, Buyon JP, Petri MA, Putterman C, Kalunian KC, Woodle ES, Lederer JA, Hildeman DA, Nusbaum C, Raychaudhuri S, Kretzler M, Anolik JH, Brenner MB, Wofsy D, Hacohen N, Diamond B. The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:902-914. [PMID: 31209404 PMCID: PMC6726437 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease for which the
current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To develop mechanistic
hypotheses of disease, we analyzed kidney samples from patients with lupus
nephritis and from healthy control subjects using single-cell RNA sequencing.
Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including
multiple populations of myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells
that demonstrated both pro-inflammatory responses and inflammation-resolving
responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an
age-associated B-cell signature and evidence of progressive stages of monocyte
differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in
most cells. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and
CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, implying a potentially
central role in cell trafficking. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and
kidney was highly correlated, which would suggest that urine might serve as a
surrogate for kidney biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Arazi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Hoover
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Chicoine
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - A Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David J Lieb
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward P Browne
- UNC HIV Cure Center and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Akiko Noma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dawn E Smilek
- Lupus Nephritis Trials Network, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Immune Tolerance Network, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patti Tosta
- Lupus Nephritis Trials Network, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Immune Tolerance Network, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Apruzzese
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Massarotti
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dall'Era
- Rheumatology Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meyeon Park
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard A Furie
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Fernanda Payan-Schober
- Department of Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A McInnis
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth C Kalunian
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Steve Woodle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Wofsy
- Rheumatology Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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515
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Castellanos JG, Longman RS. The balance of power: innate lymphoid cells in tissue inflammation and repair. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2640-2650. [PMID: 31180335 DOI: 10.1172/jci124617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last ten years, immunologists have recognized the central importance of an emerging group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in health and disease. Characterization of these cells has provided a molecular definition of ILCs and their tissue-specific functions. Although the lineage-defining transcription factors, cytokine production, and nomenclature parallel those of T helper cells, ILCs do not require adaptive immune programming. Both environmental and host-derived signals shape the function of these evolutionarily ancient cells, which provide pathogen protection and promote tissue restoration. As such, ILCs function as a double-edged sword, balancing the inflammatory and reparative responses that arise during injury and disease. This Review highlights our recent understanding of tissue-resident ILCs and the signals that regulate their contribution to inflammation and tissue repair in health and disease.
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516
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Luci C, Vieira E, Perchet T, Gual P, Golub R. Natural Killer Cells and Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are New Actors in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1192. [PMID: 31191550 PMCID: PMC6546848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated liver diseases (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD) are a major public health problem with increasing incidence in Western countries (25% of the affected population). These complications develop from a fatty liver (steatosis) to an inflammatory state (steatohepatitis) evolving toward fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid accumulation in the liver contributes to hepatocyte cell death and promotes liver injury. Local immune cells are activated either by Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) released by dead hepatocytes or by bacterial products (PAMPS) reaching the liver due to increased intestinal permeability. The resulting low-grade inflammatory state promotes the progression of liver complications toward more severe grades. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are an heterogeneous family of five subsets including circulating Natural Killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and lymphocytes tissue-inducer cells (LTi). NK cells and tissue-resident ILCs, mainly located at epithelial surfaces, are prompt to rapidly react to environmental changes to mount appropriate immune responses. Recent works have demonstrated the interplay between ILCs subsets and the environment within metabolic active organs such as liver, adipose tissue and gut during diet-induced obesity leading or not to hepatic abnormalities. Here, we provide an overview of the newly roles of NK cells and ILC1 in metabolism focusing on their contribution to the development of NAFLD. We also discuss recent studies that demonstrate the ability of these two subsets to influence tissue-specific metabolism and how their function and homeostasis are affected during metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Elodie Vieira
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Thibaut Perchet
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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517
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Huang Q, Belz GT. Parallel worlds of the adaptive and innate immune cell networks. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 58:53-59. [PMID: 31125785 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive and innate immune cells have typically been functionally and temporally segregated even though they share a number of salient features. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the composition and diversity of both innate and adaptive cell populations. This has shed light on how cells from two distinct pathways are so highly complementary. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are pivotally positioned in tissues to form a stable population akin to tissue-resident T cells that protects the body. Nevertheless, the pathway by which different lymphocytes enter tissues, terminally differentiate and are replenished to maintain populations remains incompletely understood. Recent evidence challenges our assumptions about the sedentary lifestyles of so called 'tissue-resident cells' and pushes us to consider their roles in orchestrating protection of the immune system beyond the classical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Huang
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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518
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PRDM1 levels are associated with clinical diseases in chronic HBV infection and survival of patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:156-162. [PMID: 31100710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1)/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) is a transcriptional repressor involved in B and T cell responses which are implicated in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigated the association of PRDM1 with clinical diseases of chronic HBV infection and prognosis of HBV -related HCC patients. Serum PRDM1 levels were determined in 403 patients with chronic HBV infection (171 chronic hepatitis, 119 cirrhosis and 113 HCC), 70 HBV infection resolvers and 96 healthy control individuals. The PRDM1 levels were analyzed with regard to clinical diseases and overall survival of HCC patients. Serum PRDM1 concentrations in patients with chronic HBV infection were significantly elevated compared with infection resolvers and healthy controls. HBV-related HCC patients had the most significantly elevated PRDM1 levels. PRDM1 levels could considerably differentiate HCC from chronic hepatitis [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.889, p < 0.001] or cirrhosis (AUC 0.910, p < 0.001). HCC patients with high PRDM1 levels had a poor prognosis (>300 pg/mL vs. ≤300 pg/mL, p = 0.001). High PRDM1 levels were independently associated with increased mortality in HCC patients (hazard ratio 2.997, 95% confidence interval 1.103-4.722, p = 0.003). Overall, this study demonstrated that PRDM1 levels are associated with the clinical diseases of chronic HBV infection. Highly elevated PRDM1 levels are discriminative of HCC from other clinical diseases and indicative of a poor prognosis of HCC patients. The potential association of PRDM1 levels with disease progression and treatment response warrants further investigation.
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519
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Highton AJ, Zinser ME, Lee LN, Hutchings CL, De Lara C, Phetsouphanh C, Willberg CB, Gordon CL, Klenerman P, Marchi E. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of CD8 + T-cell memory inflation. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:78. [PMID: 31448339 PMCID: PMC6688724 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent viruses such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong, sustained CD8 + T-cell responses, described as memory "inflation". These retain functionality, home to peripheral organs and are associated with a distinct transcriptional program. Methods: To further define the nature of the transcriptional mechanisms underpinning memory inflation at different sites we used single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted cells from MCMV-infected mice, analyzing transcriptional networks in virus-specific populations in the spleen and gut intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Results: We provide a transcriptional map of T-cell memory and define a module of gene expression, which distinguishes memory inflation in spleen from resident memory T-cells (T RM) in the gut. Conclusions: These data indicate that CD8 + T-cell memory in the gut epithelium induced by persistent viruses and vaccines has a distinct quality from both conventional memory and "inflationary" memory which may be relevant to protection against mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Highton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Madeleine E. Zinser
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Claire L. Hutchings
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Catherine De Lara
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Chansavath Phetsouphanh
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Chris B. Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX42PG, UK
| | - Claire L. Gordon
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX42PG, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
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520
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Panda SK, Colonna M. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31134050 PMCID: PMC6515929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate counterparts of T cells that contribute to immune responses by secreting effector cytokines and regulating the functions of other innate and adaptive immune cells. ILCs carry out some unique functions but share some tasks with T cells. ILCs are present in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs and are particularly abundant at the mucosal barriers, where they are exposed to allergens, commensal microbes, and pathogens. The impact of ILCs in mucosal immune responses has been extensively investigated in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, as well as in the oral cavity. Here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge of ILC functions in infections, allergy and autoimmune disorders of the mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Panda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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521
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Mikulak J, Bruni E, Oriolo F, Di Vito C, Mavilio D. Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31114585 PMCID: PMC6502999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in both physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, there is a pressing need to comprehensively characterize human he-NK cells to better understand the related mechanisms regulating their effector-functions within the dynamic balance between immune-tolerance and immune-surveillance. This is of particular relevance in the liver that is the only solid organ whose parenchyma is constantly challenged on daily basis by millions of foreign antigens drained from the gut. Therefore, the present review summarizes our current knowledge on he-NK cells in the light of the latest discoveries in the field of NK cell biology and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bruni
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Oriolo
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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522
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Sabat R, Wolk K, Loyal L, Döcke WD, Ghoreschi K. T cell pathology in skin inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:359-377. [PMID: 31028434 PMCID: PMC6505509 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forming the outer body barrier, our skin is permanently exposed to pathogens and environmental hazards. Therefore, skin diseases are among the most common disorders. In many of them, the immune system plays a crucial pathogenetic role. For didactic and therapeutic reasons, classification of such immune-mediated skin diseases according to the underlying dominant immune mechanism rather than to their clinical manifestation appears to be reasonable. Immune-mediated skin diseases may be mediated mainly by T cells, by the humoral immune system, or by uncontrolled unspecific inflammation. According to the involved T cell subpopulation, T cell–mediated diseases may be further subdivided into T1 cell–dominated (e.g., vitiligo), T2 cell–dominated (e.g., acute atopic dermatitis), T17/T22 cell–dominated (e.g., psoriasis), and Treg cell–dominated (e.g., melanoma) responses. Moreover, T cell–dependent and -independent responses may occur simultaneously in selected diseases (e.g., hidradenitis suppurativa). The effector mechanisms of the respective T cell subpopulations determine the molecular changes in the local tissue cells, leading to specific microscopic and macroscopic skin alterations. In this article, we show how the increasing knowledge of the T cell biology has been comprehensively translated into the pathogenetic understanding of respective model skin diseases and, based thereon, has revolutionized their daily clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology/Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology/Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Loyal
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Döcke
- SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Berlin and Wuppertal, Müllerstraße 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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523
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Dashtsoodol N, Bortoluzzi S, Schmidt-Supprian M. T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31080448 PMCID: PMC6497757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique ability to promptly secrete copious amounts of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, typically produced by different T helper cell types, iNKT cells are implicated in the regulation of various pathologic conditions such as infection, allergy, autoimmune disease, maintenance of transplantation tolerance, and cancer. This striking multifaceted role in immune regulation is correlated with the presence of multiple functionally distinct iNKT cell subsets that can be distinguished based on the expression of characteristic surface markers and transcription factors. However, to date it, remains largely unresolved how this puzzling diversity of iNKT cell functional subsets emerges and what factors dictate the type of effector cell differentiation during the thymic differentiation considering the mono-specific nature of their T cell receptor (TCR) and their selecting molecule CD1d. Here, we summarize recent findings focusing on the role of TCR-mediated signaling and discuss possible mechanisms that may influence the sub-lineage choice of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyambayar Dashtsoodol
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sabrina Bortoluzzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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524
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Ho AW, Kupper TS. T cells and the skin: from protective immunity to inflammatory skin disorders. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:490-502. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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525
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Buggert M, Nguyen S, Salgado-Montes de Oca G, Bengsch B, Darko S, Ransier A, Roberts ER, Del Alcazar D, Brody IB, Vella LA, Beura L, Wijeyesinghe S, Herati RS, Del Rio Estrada PM, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Kuri-Cervantes L, Sada Japp A, Manne S, Vartanian S, Huffman A, Sandberg JK, Gostick E, Nadolski G, Silvestri G, Canaday DH, Price DA, Petrovas C, Su LF, Vahedi G, Dori Y, Frank I, Itkin MG, Wherry EJ, Deeks SG, Naji A, Reyes-Terán G, Masopust D, Douek DC, Betts MR. Identification and characterization of HIV-specific resident memory CD8 + T cells in human lymphoid tissue. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/24/eaar4526. [PMID: 29858286 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current paradigms of CD8+ T cell-mediated protection in HIV infection center almost exclusively on studies of peripheral blood, which is thought to provide a window into immune activity at the predominant sites of viral replication in lymphoid tissues (LTs). Through extensive comparison of blood, thoracic duct lymph (TDL), and LTs in different species, we show that many LT memory CD8+ T cells bear phenotypic, transcriptional, and epigenetic signatures of resident memory T cells (TRMs). Unlike their circulating counterparts in blood or TDL, most of the total and follicular HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in LTs also resemble TRMs Moreover, high frequencies of HIV-specific CD8+ TRMs with skewed clonotypic profiles relative to matched blood samples are present in LTs of individuals who spontaneously control HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (elite controllers). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that HIV-specific TRMs are enriched for effector-related immune genes and signatures compared with HIV-specific non-TRMs in elite controllers. Together, these data indicate that previous studies in blood have largely failed to capture the major component of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses resident within LTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Buggert
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Son Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gonzalo Salgado-Montes de Oca
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Genome Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily R Roberts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Del Alcazar
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irene Bukh Brody
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lalit Beura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Perla M Del Rio Estrada
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alberto Sada Japp
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shant Vartanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Austin Huffman
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Gregory Nadolski
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Penn Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura F Su
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoav Dori
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Penn Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maxim G Itkin
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Penn Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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526
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Pascutti MF, Geerman S, Collins N, Brasser G, Nota B, Stark R, Behr F, Oja A, Slot E, Panagioti E, Prier JE, Hickson S, Wolkers MC, Heemskerk MH, Hombrink P, Arens R, Mackay LK, van Gisbergen KP, Nolte MA. Peripheral and systemic antigens elicit an expandable pool of resident memory CD8 + T cells in the bone marrow. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:853-872. [PMID: 30891737 PMCID: PMC6594027 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BM has been put forward as a major reservoir for memory CD8+ T cells. In order to fulfill that function, BM should "store" memory CD8+ T cells, which in biological terms would require these "stored" memory cells to be in disequilibrium with the circulatory pool. This issue is a matter of ongoing debate. Here, we unequivocally demonstrate that murine and human BM harbors a population of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM ) cells. These cells develop against various pathogens, independently of BM infection or local antigen recognition. BM CD8+ TRM cells share a transcriptional program with resident lymphoid cells in other tissues; they are polyfunctional cytokine producers and dependent on IL-15, Blimp-1, and Hobit. CD8+ TRM cells reside in the BM parenchyma, but are in close contact with the circulation. Moreover, this pool of resident T cells is not size-restricted and expands upon peripheral antigenic re-challenge. This works extends the role of the BM in the maintenance of CD8+ T cell memory to include the preservation of an expandable reservoir of functional, non-recirculating memory CD8+ T cells, which develop in response to a large variety of peripheral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulima Geerman
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Giso Brasser
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Felix Behr
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna Oja
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Edith Slot
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Julia E. Prier
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Hickson
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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527
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Innate lymphoid cells: A potential link between microbiota and immune responses against cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101271. [PMID: 30902413 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays a crucial role in anti-tumor surveillance. Enhancement of T cell responses through checkpoint blockade has become a major therapeutic avenue of intervention for several tumors. Because it shapes immune responses and regulates their amplitude and duration, the microbiota has a substantial impact on anti-tumor immunity. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes devoid of antigen-specific receptors that mirror T helper cells in their ability to secrete cytokines that activate immune responses. Ongoing studies suggest that ILCs contribute to anti-tumor responses. Moreover, since ILCs are present at barrier surfaces, they are stimulated by the microbiota and, reciprocally, influence the composition of the microbiota by regulating the surface barrier microenvironment. Thus, ILC-microbiota cross-talk may in part underpin the effects of the microbiota on anti-tumor responses. In this article, we review current evidence linking ILCs to cancer and discuss the potential impact of ILC-microbiota cross-talk in anti-tumor immune responses.
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528
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Vaeth M, Wang YH, Eckstein M, Yang J, Silverman GJ, Lacruz RS, Kannan K, Feske S. Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1183. [PMID: 30862784 PMCID: PMC6414608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells maintain immunological tolerance and organ homeostasis. Activated Treg cells differentiate into effector Treg subsets that acquire tissue-specific functions. Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by STIM and ORAI proteins is required for the thymic development of Treg cells, but its function in mature Treg cells remains unclear. Here we show that deletion of Stim1 and Stim2 genes in mature Treg cells abolishes Ca2+ signaling and prevents their differentiation into follicular Treg and tissue-resident Treg cells. Transcriptional profiling of STIM1/STIM2-deficient Treg cells reveals that Ca2+ signaling regulates transcription factors and signaling pathways that control the identity and effector differentiation of Treg cells. In the absence of STIM1/STIM2 in Treg cells, mice develop a broad spectrum of autoantibodies and fatal multiorgan inflammation. Our findings establish a critical role of CRAC channels in controlling lineage identity and effector functions of Treg cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that STIM1 and STIM2, which activate the Ca2+ channel ORAI1, are essential for the differentiation of peripheral Treg cells into tissue-resident and follicular Treg cells and their ability to limit autoimmunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Institute for Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.,Institute for Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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529
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Behr FM, Kragten NAM, Wesselink TH, Nota B, van Lier RAW, Amsen D, Stark R, Hombrink P, van Gisbergen KPJM. Blimp-1 Rather Than Hobit Drives the Formation of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells in the Lungs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 30899267 PMCID: PMC6416215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells that develop in the epithelia at portals of pathogen entry are important for improved protection against re-infection. CD8+ TRM cells within the skin and the small intestine are long-lived and maintained independently of circulating memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast to CD8+ TRM cells at these sites, CD8+ TRM cells that arise after influenza virus infection within the lungs display high turnover and require constant recruitment from the circulating memory pool for long-term persistence. The distinct characteristics of CD8+ TRM cell maintenance within the lungs may suggest a unique program of transcriptional regulation of influenza-specific CD8+ TRM cells. We have previously demonstrated that the transcription factors Hobit and Blimp-1 are essential for the formation of CD8+ TRM cells across several tissues, including skin, liver, kidneys, and the small intestine. Here, we addressed the roles of Hobit and Blimp-1 in CD8+ TRM cell differentiation in the lungs after influenza infection using mice deficient for these transcription factors. Hobit was not required for the formation of influenza-specific CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs. In contrast, Blimp-1 was essential for the differentiation of lung CD8+ TRM cells and inhibited the differentiation of central memory CD8+ T (TCM) cells. We conclude that Blimp-1 rather than Hobit mediates the formation of CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs, potentially through control of the lineage choice between TCM and TRM cells during the differentiation of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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530
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Caminschi I, Lahoud MH, Pizzolla A, Wakim LM. Zymosan by-passes the requirement for pulmonary antigen encounter in lung tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cell development. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:403-412. [PMID: 30664708 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung provide a frontline defence against respiratory pathogens. Vaccination models that lodge CD8+ Trm populations in the lung have been developed, all of which incorporate the local delivery of antigen plus adjuvant into the airways; a necessary approach as local cognate antigen recognition is required for optimal lung Trm development. Although pulmonary delivery of antigen is important for lung Trm development, the impact the co-administered adjuvant has on Trm differentiation is unclear. We show that while altering the adjuvant co-administered with the pulmonary delivered antigen does not impact the size of the lung Trm population, a particular adjuvant, zymosan, when administered into the airways without antigen can drive effector CD8+ T cells to differentiate into lung Trm. Zymosan signalling via dectin-1 receptor was sufficient to promote antigen-independent lung Trm development. When combined with an injectable influenza vaccination regime, intranasal zymosan delivery significantly boosted the size of the influenza virus-specific lung Trm population. Our results highlight that eliciting the appropriate local inflammatory milieu can by-pass the requirement for local antigen recognition in lung Trm development and emphasises that the appropriate selection of adjuvant can greatly improve vaccines that aim to elicit pulmonary Trm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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531
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Sagebiel AF, Steinert F, Lunemann S, Körner C, Schreurs RRCE, Altfeld M, Perez D, Reinshagen K, Bunders MJ. Tissue-resident Eomes + NK cells are the major innate lymphoid cell population in human infant intestine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:975. [PMID: 30816112 PMCID: PMC6395753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC), including natural killer (NK) cells, are implicated in host-defense and tissue-growth. However, the composition and kinetics of NK cells in the intestine during the first year of life, when infants are first broadly exposed to exogenous antigens, are still unclear. Here we show that CD103+ NK cells are the major ILC population in the small intestines of infants. When compared to adult intestinal NK cells, infant intestinal NK cells exhibit a robust effector phenotype, characterized by Eomes, perforin and granzyme B expression, and superior degranulation capacity. Absolute intestinal NK cell numbers decrease gradually during the first year of life, coinciding with an influx of intestinal Eomes+ T cells; by contrast, epithelial NKp44+CD69+ NK cells with less cytotoxic capacity persist in adults. In conclusion, NK cells are abundant in infant intestines, where they can provide effector functions while Eomes+ T cell responses mature. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC), including natural killer (NK) cells, are important innate immune regulators. Here the authors show that, in human infant intestines, CD103+Eomes+ NK cells are the predominant ILC population, but are replaced gradually by Eomes+ T cells, while NKp44+ NK cells persist in adult intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Sagebiel
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fenja Steinert
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renée R C E Schreurs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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532
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Following solid organ transplantation (SOT), populations of donor lymphocytes are frequently found in the recipient circulation. Their impact on host alloimmunity has long been debated but remains unclear, and it has been suggested that transferred donor lymphocytes may either promote tolerance to the graft or hasten its rejection. We discuss possible mechanisms by which the interaction of donor passenger lymphocytes with recipient immune cells may either augment the host alloimmune response or inhibit it. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has highlighted that donor T lymphocytes are the most numerous of the donor leukocyte populations within a SOT and that these may be transferred to the recipient after transplantation. Surprisingly, graft-versus-host recognition of major histocompatibility complex class II on host B cells by transferred donor CD4 T cells can result in marked augmentation of host humoral alloimmunity and lead to early graft failure. Killing of donor CD4 T cells by host natural killer cells is critical in preventing this augmentation. SUMMARY The ability of passenger donor CD4 T cells to effect long-term augmentation of the host humoral alloimmune response raises the possibility that ex-vivo treatment or modification of the donor organ prior to implantation may improve long-term transplant outcomes.
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533
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Comparative analysis reveals a role for TGF-β in shaping the residency-related transcriptional signature in tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210495. [PMID: 30742629 PMCID: PMC6370189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident CD8+ memory T (TRM) cells are immune cells that permanently reside at tissue sites where they play an important role in providing rapid protection against reinfection. They are not only phenotypically and functionally distinct from their circulating memory counterparts, but also exhibit a unique transcriptional profile. To date, the local tissue signals required for their development and long-term residency are not well understood. So far, the best-characterised tissue-derived signal is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which has been shown to promote the development of these cells within tissues. In this study, we aimed to determine to what extent the transcriptional signatures of TRM cells from multiple tissues reflects TGF-β imprinting. We activated murine CD8+ T cells, stimulated them in vitro by TGF-β, and profiled their transcriptomes using RNA-seq. Upon comparison, we identified a TGF-β-induced signature of differentially expressed genes between TGF-β-stimulated and -unstimulated cells. Next, we linked this in vitro TGF-β-induced signature to a previously identified in vivo TRM-specific gene set and found considerable (>50%) overlap between the two gene sets, thus showing that a substantial part of the TRM signature can be attributed to TGF-β signalling. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis further revealed that the altered gene signature following TGF-β exposure reflected transcriptional signatures found in TRM cells from both epithelial and non-epithelial tissues. In summary, these findings show that TGF-β has a broad footprint in establishing the residency-specific transcriptional profile of TRM cells, which is detectable in TRM cells from diverse tissues. They further suggest that constitutive TGF-β signaling might be involved for their long-term persistence at tissue sites.
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534
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Welten SPM, Sandu I, Baumann NS, Oxenius A. Memory CD8 T cell inflation vs tissue-resident memory T cells: Same patrollers, same controllers? Immunol Rev 2019; 283:161-175. [PMID: 29664565 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The induction of long-lived populations of memory T cells residing in peripheral tissues is of considerable interest for T cell-based vaccines, as they can execute immediate effector functions and thus provide protection in case of pathogen encounter at mucosal and barrier sites. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines support the induction and accumulation of a large population of effector memory CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues, in a process called memory inflation. Tissue-resident memory (TRM ) T cells, induced by various infections and vaccination regimens, constitute another subset of memory cells that take long-term residence in peripheral tissues. Both memory T cell subsets have evoked substantial interest in exploitation for vaccine purposes. However, a direct comparison between these two peripheral tissue-localizing memory T cell subsets with respect to their short- and long-term ability to provide protection against heterologous challenge is pending. Here, we discuss communalities and differences between TRM and inflationary CD8 T cells with respect to their development, maintenance, function, and protective capacity. In addition, we discuss differences and similarities between the transcriptional profiles of TRM and inflationary T cells, supporting the notion that they are distinct memory T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P M Welten
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas S Baumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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535
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Colonna M. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Diversity, Plasticity, and Unique Functions in Immunity. Immunity 2019; 48:1104-1117. [PMID: 29924976 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as tissue-resident innate correlates of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Recent studies suggest that ILCs are more diverse than originally proposed; this might reflect truly distinct lineages or adaptation of ILCs to disparate tissue microenvironments, known as plasticity. Given that ILCs strikingly resemble T cells, are they redundant? While the regulation, timing, and magnitude of ILC and primary T cell responses differ, tissue-resident memory T cells may render ILCs redundant during secondary responses. The unique impact of ILCs in immunity is probably embodied in the extensive array of surface and intracellular receptors that endow these cells with the ability to distinguish between normal and pathogenic components, interact with other cells, and calibrate their cytokine secretion accordingly. Here I review recent advances in elucidating the diversity of ILCs and discuss their unique and redundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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536
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Abstract
Resident memory T (Trm) cells stably occupy tissues and cannot be sampled in superficial venous blood. Trm cells are heterogeneous but collectively constitute the most abundant memory T cell subset. Trm cells form an integral part of the immune sensing network, monitor for local perturbations in homeostasis throughout the body, participate in protection from infection and cancer, and likely promote autoimmunity, allergy, and inflammatory diseases and impede successful transplantation. Thus Trm cells are major candidates for therapeutic manipulation. Here we review CD8+ and CD4+ Trm ontogeny, maintenance, function, and distribution within lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and strategies for their study. We briefly discuss other resident leukocyte populations, including innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, natural killer and natural killer T cells, nonclassical T cells, and memory B cells. Lastly, we highlight major gaps in knowledge and propose ways in which a deeper understanding could result in new methods to prevent or treat diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
| | - Andrew G Soerens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
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537
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Martinez M, Moon EK. CAR T Cells for Solid Tumors: New Strategies for Finding, Infiltrating, and Surviving in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:128. [PMID: 30804938 PMCID: PMC6370640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, T cells that have been genetically engineered to express a receptor that recognizes a specific antigen, have given rise to breakthroughs in treating hematological malignancies. However, their success in treating solid tumors has been limited. The unique challenges posed to CAR T cell therapy by solid tumors can be described in three steps: finding, entering, and surviving in the tumor. The use of dual CAR designs that recognize multiple antigens at once and local administration of CAR T cells are both strategies that have been used to overcome the hurdle of localization to the tumor. Additionally, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has implications for T cell function in terms of differentiation and exhaustion, and combining CARs with checkpoint blockade or depletion of other suppressive factors in the microenvironment has shown very promising results to mitigate the phenomenon of T cell exhaustion. Finally, identifying and overcoming mechanisms associated with dysfunction in CAR T cells is of vital importance to generating CAR T cells that can proliferate and successfully eliminate tumor cells. The structure and costimulatory domains chosen for the CAR may play an important role in the overall function of CAR T cells in the TME, and “armored” CARs that secrete cytokines and third- and fourth-generation CARs with multiple costimulatory domains offer ways to enhance CAR T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinez
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edmund Kyung Moon
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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538
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Liver-Resident NK Cells Control Antiviral Activity of Hepatic T Cells via the PD-1-PD-L1 Axis. Immunity 2019; 50:403-417.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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539
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Walk J, Stok JE, Sauerwein RW. Can Patrolling Liver-Resident T Cells Control Human Malaria Parasite Development? Trends Immunol 2019; 40:186-196. [PMID: 30713008 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a population of non-recirculating, tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells has been identified; cells that seems to act as key sentinels for invading microorganisms with enhanced effector functions. In malaria, the liver represents the first site for parasite development before a definite infection is established in circulating red blood cells. Here, we discuss the evidence obtained from animal models on several diseases and hypothesize that liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells (hepatic TRM) play a critical role in providing protective liver-stage immunity against Plasmodium malaria parasites. Although observations in human malaria trials are limited to peripheral blood, we propose recommendations for the translation of some of these findings to human malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn E Stok
- University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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540
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Siracusa F, Durek P, McGrath MA, Sercan-Alp Ö, Rao A, Du W, Cendón C, Chang HD, Heinz GA, Mashreghi MF, Radbruch A, Dong J. CD69 + memory T lymphocytes of the bone marrow and spleen express the signature transcripts of tissue-resident memory T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:966-968. [PMID: 30673129 PMCID: PMC6563480 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is a matter of current debate whether the bone marrow is a hub for circulating memory T lymphocytes and/or the home of resident memory T lymphocytes. Here we demonstrate for CD69+ murine CD8+ , and CD69+ murine and human CD4+ memory T lymphocytes of the bone marrow, making up between 30 and 60% of bone marrow memory T lymphocytes, that they express the gene expression signature of tissue-resident memory T lymphocytes. This suggests that a substantial proportion of bone marrow memory T lymphocytes are resident. It adds to previous evidence that bone marrow memory T cells are resting in terms of mobility and proliferation, and maintain exclusive long-term memory to distinct, systemic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Siracusa
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mairi A McGrath
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özen Sercan-Alp
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Rao
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weijie Du
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Cendón
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Schwiete-Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental Rheumatology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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541
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Zundler S, Becker E, Spocinska M, Slawik M, Parga-Vidal L, Stark R, Wiendl M, Atreya R, Rath T, Leppkes M, Hildner K, López-Posadas R, Lukassen S, Ekici AB, Neufert C, Atreya I, van Gisbergen KPJM, Neurath MF. Hobit- and Blimp-1-driven CD4 + tissue-resident memory T cells control chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:288-300. [PMID: 30692620 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) have been shown to regulate host protection in infectious disorders, their function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains to be investigated. Here we characterized TRM cells in human IBD and in experimental models of intestinal inflammation. Pro-inflammatory TRM cells accumulated in the mucosa of patients with IBD, and the presence of CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells was predictive of the development of flares. In vivo, functional impairment of TRM cells in mice with double knockout of the TRM-cell-associated transcription factors Hobit and Blimp-1 attenuated disease in several models of colitis, due to impaired cross-talk between the adaptive and innate immune system. Finally, depletion of TRM cells led to a suppression of colitis activity. Together, our data demonstrate a central role for TRM cells in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and suggest that these cells could be targets for future therapeutic approaches in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Spocinska
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monique Slawik
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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542
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Çuburu N, Kim R, Guittard GC, Thompson CD, Day PM, Hamm DE, Pang YYS, Graham BS, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. A Prime-Pull-Amplify Vaccination Strategy To Maximize Induction of Circulating and Genital-Resident Intraepithelial CD8 + Memory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1250-1264. [PMID: 30635393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent insight into the mechanisms of induction of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRM) enables the development of novel vaccine strategies against sexually transmitted infections. To maximize both systemic and genital intraepithelial CD8+ T cells against vaccine Ags, we assessed combinations of i.m. and intravaginal routes in heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens with unrelated viral vectors. Only i.m. prime followed by intravaginal boost induced concomitant strong systemic and intraepithelial genital-resident CD8+ T cell responses. Intravaginal boost with vectors expressing vaccine Ags was far superior to intravaginal instillation of CXCR3 chemokine receptor ligands or TLR 3, 7, and 9 agonists to recruit and increase the pool of cervicovaginal CD8+ TRM Transient Ag presentation increased trafficking of cognate and bystander circulating activated, but not naive, CD8+ T cells into the genital tract and induced in situ proliferation and differentiation of cognate CD8+ TRM Secondary genital CD8+ TRM were induced in the absence of CD4+ T cell help and shared a similar TCR repertoire with systemic CD8+ T cells. This prime-pull-amplify approach elicited systemic and genital CD8+ T cell responses against high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein and conferred CD8-mediated protection to a vaccinia virus genital challenge. These results underscore the importance of the delivery route of nonreplicating vectors in prime-boost immunization to shape the tissue distribution of CD8+ T cell responses. In this context, the importance of local Ag presentation to elicit genital CD8+ TRM provides a rationale to develop novel vaccines against sexually transmitted infections and to treat human papillomavirus neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Çuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Rina Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Geoffrey C Guittard
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cynthia D Thompson
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Patricia M Day
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David E Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102; and
| | - Yuk-Ying S Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Barney S Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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543
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Sun H, Sun C, Xiao W, Sun R. Tissue-resident lymphocytes: from adaptive to innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:205-215. [PMID: 30635650 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient immune responses against invading pathogens often involve coordination between cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. For multiple decades, it has been believed that CD8+ memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells constantly and uniformly recirculate. Only recently was the existence of noncirculating memory T and NK cells that remain resident in the peripheral tissues, termed tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells, observed in various organs owing to improved techniques. TRM cells populate a wide range of peripheral organs, including the skin, sensory ganglia, gut, lungs, brain, salivary glands, female reproductive tract, and others. Recent findings have demonstrated the existence of TRM in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) as well, leading to revision of the classic theory that they exist only in peripheral organs. trNK cells have been identified in the uterus, skin, kidney, adipose tissue, and salivary glands. These tissue-resident lymphocytes do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatic system and often adopt a unique phenotype that is distinct from those of circulating immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the tissue residency of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on CD8+ memory T cells, and describe some advances regarding unconventional T cells (invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and γδ T cells) and the emerging family of trNK cells. Specifically, we will focus on the phenotypes and functions of these subsets and discuss their implications in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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544
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Collins PL, Cella M, Porter SI, Li S, Gurewitz GL, Hong HS, Johnson RP, Oltz EM, Colonna M. Gene Regulatory Programs Conferring Phenotypic Identities to Human NK Cells. Cell 2019; 176:348-360.e12. [PMID: 30595449 PMCID: PMC6329660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells develop from common progenitors but diverge into distinct subsets, which differ in cytokine production, cytotoxicity, homing, and memory traits. Given their promise in adoptive cell therapies for cancer, a deeper understanding of regulatory modules controlling clinically beneficial NK phenotypes is of high priority. We report integrated "-omics" analysis of human NK subsets, which revealed super-enhancers associated with gene cohorts that may coordinate NK functions and localization. A transcription factor-based regulatory scheme also emerged, which is evolutionarily conserved and shared by innate and adaptive lymphocytes. For both NK and T lineages, a TCF1-LEF1-MYC axis dominated the regulatory landscape of long-lived, proliferative subsets that traffic to lymph nodes. In contrast, effector populations circulating between blood and peripheral tissues shared a PRDM1-dominant landscape. This resource defines transcriptional modules, regulated by feedback loops, which may be leveraged to enhance phenotypes for NK cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Collins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sofia I Porter
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Greer L Gurewitz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - R Paul Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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545
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Ciucci T, Vacchio MS, Gao Y, Tomassoni Ardori F, Candia J, Mehta M, Zhao Y, Tran B, Pepper M, Tessarollo L, McGavern DB, Bosselut R. The Emergence and Functional Fitness of Memory CD4 + T Cells Require the Transcription Factor Thpok. Immunity 2019; 50:91-105.e4. [PMID: 30638736 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memory CD4+ T cells mediate long-term immunity, and their generation is a key objective of vaccination strategies. However, the transcriptional circuitry controlling the emergence of memory cells from early CD4+ antigen-responders remains poorly understood. Here, using single-cell RNA-seq to study the transcriptome of virus-specific CD4+ T cells, we identified a gene signature that distinguishes potential memory precursors from effector cells. We found that both that signature and the emergence of memory CD4+ T cells required the transcription factor Thpok. We further demonstrated that Thpok cell-intrinsically protected memory cells from a dysfunctional, effector-like transcriptional program, similar to but distinct from the exhaustion pattern of cells responding to chronic infection. Mechanistically, Thpok- bound genes encoding the transcription factors Blimp1 and Runx3 and acted by antagonizing their expression. Thus, a Thpok-dependent circuitry promotes both memory CD4+ T cells' differentiation and functional fitness, two previously unconnected critical attributes of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie S Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yayi Gao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Tomassoni Ardori
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Julian Candia
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monika Mehta
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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546
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Siddiqui I, Schaeuble K, Chennupati V, Fuertes Marraco SA, Calderon-Copete S, Pais Ferreira D, Carmona SJ, Scarpellino L, Gfeller D, Pradervand S, Luther SA, Speiser DE, Held W. Intratumoral Tcf1 +PD-1 +CD8 + T Cells with Stem-like Properties Promote Tumor Control in Response to Vaccination and Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Immunity 2019; 50:195-211.e10. [PMID: 30635237 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade mediates a proliferative response of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (TILs). The origin of this response has remained elusive because chronic activation promotes terminal differentiation or exhaustion of tumor-specific T cells. Here we identified a subset of tumor-reactive TILs bearing hallmarks of exhausted cells and central memory cells, including expression of the checkpoint protein PD-1 and the transcription factor Tcf1. Tcf1+PD-1+ TILs mediated the proliferative response to immunotherapy, generating both Tcf1+PD-1+ and differentiated Tcf1-PD-1+ cells. Ablation of Tcf1+PD-1+ TILs restricted responses to immunotherapy. Tcf1 was not required for the generation of Tcf1+PD-1+ TILs but was essential for the stem-like functions of these cells. Human TCF1+PD-1+ cells were detected among tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in the blood of melanoma patients and among TILs of primary melanomas. Thus, immune checkpoint blockade relies not on reversal of T cell exhaustion programs, but on the proliferation of a stem-like TIL subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Karin Schaeuble
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vijaykumar Chennupati
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Calderon-Copete
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility (LGTF), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Pais Ferreira
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - David Gfeller
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility (LGTF), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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547
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Chen Y, Zander R, Khatun A, Schauder DM, Cui W. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2826. [PMID: 30581433 PMCID: PMC6292868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune protection and lasting memory are accomplished through the generation of phenotypically and functionally distinct CD8 T cell subsets. Understanding how these effector and memory T cells are formed is the first step in eventually manipulating the immune system for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of CD8 T cell differentiation upon acute infection, with a focus on the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of cell fate decision and memory formation. Moreover, we will highlight the importance of high throughput sequencing approaches and single cell technologies in providing insight into genome-wide investigations and the heterogeneity of individual CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ryan Zander
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David M Schauder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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548
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Salou M, Legoux F, Gilet J, Darbois A, du Halgouet A, Alonso R, Richer W, Goubet AG, Daviaud C, Menger L, Procopio E, Premel V, Lantz O. A common transcriptomic program acquired in the thymus defines tissue residency of MAIT and NKT subsets. J Exp Med 2018; 216:133-151. [PMID: 30518599 PMCID: PMC6314520 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salou et al. wondered what could differentiate MAIT and NKT cells, if not for TCR specificity. Once split according to RORγt and T-bet–expressing subsets, MAIT and NKT share almost identical transcriptional programs acquired in the thymus, which result in specific tissue residency patterns. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant T cells with unique specificity for microbial metabolites. MAIT conservation along evolution indicates important functions, but their low frequency in mice has hampered their detailed characterization. Here, we performed the first transcriptomic analysis of murine MAIT cells. MAIT1 (RORγtneg) and MAIT17 (RORγt+) subsets were markedly distinct from mainstream T cells, but quasi-identical to NKT1 and NKT17 subsets. The expression of similar programs was further supported by strong correlations of MAIT and NKT frequencies in various organs. In both mice and humans, MAIT subsets expressed gene signatures associated with tissue residency. Accordingly, parabiosis experiments demonstrated that MAIT and NKT cells are resident in the spleen, liver, and lungs, with LFA1/ICAM1 interactions controlling MAIT1 and NKT1 retention in spleen and liver. The transcriptional program associated with tissue residency was already expressed in thymus, as confirmed by adoptive transfer experiments. Altogether, shared thymic differentiation processes generate “preset” NKT and MAIT subsets with defined effector functions, associated with specific positioning into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Salou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Legoux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jules Gilet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Darbois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia du Halgouet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ruby Alonso
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Wilfrid Richer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurie Menger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Procopio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Premel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France .,Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428) Institut Curie, Paris, France
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549
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Steinbach K, Vincenti I, Merkler D. Resident-Memory T Cells in Tissue-Restricted Immune Responses: For Better or Worse? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2827. [PMID: 30555489 PMCID: PMC6284001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident-memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) have been described as a non-circulating memory T cell subset that persists at sites of previous infection. While TRM in all non-lymphoid organs probably share a core signature differentiation pathway, certain aspects of their maintenance and effector functions may vary. It is well-established that TRM provide long-lived protective immunity through immediate effector function and accelerated recruitment of circulating immune cells. Besides immune defense against pathogens, other immunological roles of TRM are less well-studied. Likewise, evidence of a putative detrimental role of TRM for inflammatory diseases is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss the protective and harmful role of TRM in organ-specific immunity and immunopathology as well as prospective implications for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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550
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Molodtsov A, Turk MJ. Tissue Resident CD8 Memory T Cell Responses in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30555481 PMCID: PMC6281983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory (TRM) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal TRM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, TRM-like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that TRM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. Such tumor-specific TRM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. TRM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic TRM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to TRM responses. This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate TRM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for TRM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting TRM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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