59801
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Cheng YL, Shu JH, Hsu HC, Liang Y, Chou RH, Hsu PF, Wang YJ, Ding YZ, Liou TL, Wang YW, Huang SS, Lin CC, Lu TM, Leu HB, Lin SJ, Chan WL. High health literacy is associated with less obesity and lower Framingham risk score: Sub-study of the VGH-HEALTHCARE trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194813. [PMID: 29590183 PMCID: PMC5874050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Lower health literacy (HL) is associated with several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between HL and the Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD. Methods From 2015–2016, 1010 subjects aged 23 to 88 years receiving health check-up in Taipei Veterans General Hospital had complete clinical evaluations and laboratory examinations. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The short form questionnaire adapted from the Mandarin Health Literacy Scale was used to assess HL. The Framingham risk score was calculated by patient characteristics. Results Subjects with higher BMIs were associated with lower HL scores. The proportion of subjects with MS was higher in the lower health literacy score group (≤ 9) at 28.8%; further analysis found that lower HL was significantly associated with MS in women but not in men. The Spearman’s rho demonstrated that the HL score was significantly associated with the BMI-based (rho = -0.11; P < 0.001) or lipid-based (rho = -0.09; P < 0.004) Framingham risk score. Conclusions Higher HL scores were associated with less CVD risk such as lower BMIs, less MS in women, and less fatty liver disease. Furthermore, HL had an inverse association with the Framingham risk score as expected. Therefore, HL in patients with CVD risk should be improved and considered as an important issue in terms of CVD reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lung Cheng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiah-Hwang Shu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YJW); (YL)
| | - Ruey-Hsing Chou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Feng Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jen Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YJW); (YL)
| | - Yaw-Zon Ding
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ling Liou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Sung Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of public health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Leong Chan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular research center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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59802
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Hostiuc S, Marinescu M, Costescu M, Aluaș M, Negoi I. Cardiac telocytes. From basic science to cardiac diseases. II. Acute myocardial infarction. Ann Anat 2018; 218:18-27. [PMID: 29604385 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding a potential role of telocytes in myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this purpose, we performed a systematic review of relevant scientific literature, indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS We found six articles containing relevant studies aimed at liking myocardial infarction and telocytes. The studies that were analysed in this review failed to show, beyond a reasonable doubt, that telocytes do actually have significant roles in myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction. The main issues to be addressed in future studies are a correct characterization of telocytes, and a differentiation from other cell types that either have similar morphologies (using electron microscopy) or similar immunophenotypes, with emphasis on endothelial progenitors, which were previously shown to have similar morphology, and functions in cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Hostiuc
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mihai Marinescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Costescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Aluaș
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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59803
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Geographic and socioeconomic diversity of food and nutrient intakes: a comparison of four European countries. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1475-1493. [PMID: 29594476 PMCID: PMC6561990 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Public health policies and actions increasingly acknowledge the climate burden of food consumption. The aim of this study is to describe dietary intakes across four European countries, as baseline for further research towards healthier and environmentally-friendlier diets for Europe. Methods Individual-level dietary intake data in adults were obtained from nationally-representative surveys from Denmark and France using a 7-day diet record, Italy using a 3-day diet record, and Czech Republic using two replicates of a 24-h recall. Energy-standardised food and nutrient intakes were calculated for each subject from the mean of two randomly selected days. Results There was clear geographical variability, with a between-country range for mean fruit intake from 118 to 199 g/day, for vegetables from 95 to 239 g/day, for fish from 12 to 45 g/day, for dairy from 129 to 302 g/day, for sweet beverages from 48 to 224 ml/day, and for alcohol from 8 to 15 g/day, with higher intakes in Italy for fruit, vegetables and fish, and in Denmark for dairy, sweet beverages and alcohol. In all countries, intakes were low for legumes (< 20 g/day), and nuts and seeds (< 5 g/day), but high for red and processed meat (> 80 g/day). Within countries, food intakes also varied by socio-economic factors such as age, gender, and educational level, but less pronounced by anthropometric factors such as overweight status. For nutrients, intakes were low for dietary fibre (15.8–19.4 g/day) and vitamin D (2.4–3.0 µg/day) in all countries, for potassium (2288–2938 mg/day) and magnesium (268–285 mg/day) except in Denmark, for vitamin E in Denmark (6.7 mg/day), and for folate in Czech Republic (212 µg/day). Conclusions There is considerable variation in food and nutrient intakes across Europe, not only between, but also within countries. Individual-level dietary data provide insight into the heterogeneity of dietary habits beyond per capita food supply data, and this is crucial to balancing healthy and environmentally-friendly diets for European citizens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1673-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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59804
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Kosmas CE, Martinez I, Sourlas A, Bouza KV, Campos FN, Torres V, Montan PD, Guzman E. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and its relevance to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212525. [PMID: 29623098 PMCID: PMC5877920 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several prospective epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear inverse relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), even at low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 70 mg/dL. However, more recent evidence from genetic studies and clinical research has come to challenge the long-standing notion that higher HDL-C levels are always beneficial, while lower HDL-C levels are always detrimental. Thus, it becomes apparent that HDL functionality plays a much more important role in atheroprotection than circulating HDL-C levels. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) from macrophages is a key metric of HDL functionality and exhibits a strong inverse association with both carotid intima-media thickness and the likelihood of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of the HDL-C level. Thus, extensive research is being conducted to identify new agents with a favorable side effect profile, which would be able to enhance CEC, improve HDL functionality and potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. This review aims to present and discuss the current clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the significance of HDL functionality over the actual HDL-C concentration in mediating the favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. Thus, we conducted a PubMed search until December 2017 through the English literature using the search terms ‘HDL function/functionality’, ‘HDL properties’, ‘cardiovascular risk’ and ‘cholesterol efflux capacity’. We also included references from the articles identified and publications available in the authors’ libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Martinez
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter D Montan
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliscer Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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59805
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Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and hypertension incidence: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:321-333. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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59806
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Carvalho do Nascimento PR, Poitras S, Bilodeau M. How do we define and measure sarcopenia? Protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2018; 7:51. [PMID: 29587829 PMCID: PMC5870090 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of muscle mass is a natural aging consequence. A reduction of muscle mass that surpasses the physiological rate is considered the key factor responsible for the development of a geriatric syndrome called sarcopenia. However, a new understanding of the importance of muscle quality over quantity is rising; as a result, different definitions for sarcopenia has been used. Due to the negative impact on elder's health and quality of life, the number of research investigating the causes, prevalence, and management of sarcopenia is increasing, although a consensus on sarcopenia definition is still missing. This systematic review will assess observational studies reporting the presence of sarcopenia aiming to verify how sarcopenia is defined, the diagnosis criteria, and the tools used for assessment. In addition, we will investigate the influence of the definition and diagnostic tools on the prevalence rate. METHODS Keywords related to the condition, population, and type of study will be combined to build a search strategy for each of the following databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will analyze the retrieved papers for eligibility and the methodological quality of eligible studies. The definition of sarcopenia and diagnostic tools used in each study and the prevalence estimates will be extracted. Descriptive statistics will be used to report the definitions of sarcopenia, diagnostic tools, and whether these influence or not, the prevalence rates. DISCUSSION Sarcopenia is receiving greater attention in geriatrics research in recent years. Therefore, it is important to investigate how this condition is defined in the literature and whether these definitions can interfere with the reported estimates devoting more efforts on the topic. The results of this study can help to determine the most used definitions of sarcopenia reported in the literature, its strengths and limitations, and open a discussion about a need for a more valid, easy, and suitable one. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015020832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Carvalho do Nascimento
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, ON K1N5C8 Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Stéphane Poitras
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, ON K1N5C8 Canada
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, ON K1N5C8 Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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59807
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Karnad DR, Richards GA, Silva GS, Amin P. Tropical diseases in the ICU: A syndromic approach to diagnosis and treatment. J Crit Care 2018; 46:119-126. [PMID: 29625787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tropical infections form 20-30% of ICU admissions in tropical countries. Diarrheal diseases, malaria, dengue, typhoid, rickettsial diseases and leptospirosis are common causes of critical illness. Overlapping clinical features makes initial diagnosis challenging. A systematic approach involving (1) history of specific continent or country of travel, (2) exposure to specific environments (forests or farms, water sports, consumption of exotic foods), (3) incubation period, and (4) pattern of organ involvement and subtle differences in manifestations help in differential diagnosis and choice of initial empiric therapy. Fever, rash, hypotension, thrombocytopenia and mild derangement of liver function tests is seen in a majority of patients. Organ failure may lead to shock, respiratory distress, renal failure, hepatitis, coma, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias or hemorrhage. Diagnosis in some conditions is made by peripheral blood smear examination, antigen detection or detection of microbial nucleic acid by PCR. Tests that detect specific IgM antibody become positive only in the second week of illness. Initial therapy is often empiric; a combination of intravenous artesunate, ceftriaxone and either doxycycline or azithromycin would cover a majority of the treatable syndromes. Additional antiviral or antiprotozoal medications are required for some specific syndromes. Involving a physician specializing in tropical or travel medicine is helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy A Richards
- Division of Critical Care, Charlotte Maxeke Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gisele Sampaio Silva
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo and Programa Integrado de Neurologia and Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pravin Amin
- Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India.
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59808
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Anyanwu PE, Craig P, Katikireddi SV, Green MJ. Impacts of smoke-free public places legislation on inequalities in youth smoking uptake: study protocol for a secondary analysis of UK survey data. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022490. [PMID: 29593026 PMCID: PMC5875608 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoke-free public places legislation has been introduced in many countries to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoking. While evaluations of smoke-free policies have demonstrated major public health benefits, the impact on youth smoking and inequalities in smoking remains unclear. This project aims to evaluate how smoke-free public places legislation in the UK has impacted on inequalities in youth smoking uptake, and how much of any impact is via changes in parental smoking behaviour. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will constitute secondary analyses of UK data (from the British Household Panel Survey and the Understanding Society study). Merging these datasets gives coverage of the period from 1994 to 2016. Missing data will be handled using multiple imputation. The primary outcomes are the rates and inequalities in initiation, experimentation, escalation to daily smoking and quitting among youths aged 11-15 years. Secondary outcomes include the prevalence of smoking among parents of these youths. Discrete-time event history analysis will be conducted to examine whether changes in the probability of youth smoking transitions are associated with the implementation of the smoke-free public places legislation; and whether any observed effects differ by socioeconomic position and parental smoking. A multilevel logistic regression model will be used to investigate whether there is a step change or change in trend for the prevalence of parental smoking after the policy was implemented. The models will be adjusted for relevant factors (including cigarette taxation, the change in the legal age for purchase of cigarettes and e-cigarette prevalence) that may be associated with the implementation of the legislation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This project will use anonymised survey data which have been collected following independent ethical review. The dissemination of the study findings will adopt multiple communication channels targeting both scientific and non-scientific audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Emeka Anyanwu
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Well-Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Craig
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Well-Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Well-Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael James Green
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Well-Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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59809
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A Systematic Review of the Burden of Multidrug-Resistant Healthcare-Associated Infections Among Intensive Care Unit Patients in Southeast Asia: The Rise of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:525-533. [PMID: 29580299 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical burden (cumulative incidence, prevalence, case fatality rate and length of stay) and economic burden (healthcare cost) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in Southeast Asia.DESIGNSystematic review.METHODSWe conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, EconLit, and the Cochrane Library databases from their inception through September 30, 2016. Clinical and economic burdens and study quality were assessed for each included study.RESULTSIn total, 41 studies met our inclusion criteria; together, 22,876 ICU patients from 7 Southeast Asian countries were included. The cumulative incidence of HAI caused by A. baumannii (AB) in Southeast Asia is substantially higher than has been reported in other regions, especially carbapenem-resistant AB (CRAB; 64.91%) and multidrug-resistant AB (MDR-AB) (58.51%). Evidence of a dose-response relationship between different degrees of drug resistance and excess mortality due to AB infections was observed. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-3.00) for MDR-AB, 1.72 (95% CI, 0.77-3.80) for extensively drug-resistant AB (XDR-AB), and 1.82 (95% CI, 0.55-6.00) for pandrug-resistant AB (PDR-AB). There is, however, a paucity of published data on additional length of stay and costs attributable to MDROs.CONCLUSIONSThis review highlights the challenges in addressing MDROs in Southeast Asia, where HAIs caused by MDR gram-negative bacteria are abundant and have a strong impact on society. With our findings, we hope to draw the attention of clinicians and policy makers to the problem of antibiotic resistance and to issue a call for action in the management of MDROs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:525-533.
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59810
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O’Riordan CN, Newell M, Flaherty G. Cardiovascular disease risk factor profile of male Gaelic Athletic Association sports referees. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 187:915-924. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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59811
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Robson EM, Costa S, Hamer M, Johnson W. Life course factors associated with metabolically healthy obesity: a protocol for the systematic review of longitudinal studies. Syst Rev 2018; 7:50. [PMID: 29587826 PMCID: PMC5870377 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is heterogeneity among obese individuals, as some appear to have healthier metabolic profiles and decreased health risks. These individuals are defined as metabolically healthy obese (MHO), whilst those with unhealthy metabolic profiles are defined as metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). To date, most research on MHO has been cross-sectional or focused on disease prognosis. However, longitudinal studies are required to provide greater insight into the life course factors that contribute to the development of MHO. This study aims to systematically review longitudinal studies investigating the association between life course exposures and future MHO status. METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) will be searched using a trialled search strategy. Studies will be included following a double-screening process according to inclusion criteria to assess eligibility. Studies eligible for inclusion will include those that have a longitudinal observational design where a life course exposure occurred or was measured at least 1 year before the outcome, investigate a human study population, are published in English after 1956, and investigate the association between ≥ 1 life course exposure and ≥ 1 outcome that reflects a measure of cardiometabolic resilience to obesity. Accepted life course exposures will include body size, body composition, pubertal development, smoking, diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and psychosocial stress. The primary measure of cardiometabolic resilience to obesity will be MHO as an outcome (at follow-up). Studies investigating the development of cardiometabolic risk factors in an obese group without specifying MHO will also be accepted, such as the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an obese group. Key results of included studies will be tabulated, and a narrative synthesis will be conducted. DISCUSSION This will be the first systematic review to summarise the literature on the life course correlates of MHO. Importantly, it may highlight which modifiable lifestyle factors could be targeted to delay the onset of cardiometabolic complications among the obese. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017057992.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Robson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - S Costa
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M Hamer
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - W Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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59812
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Meghani N, Patel P, Kansara K, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C, Kumar A. Formulation of vitamin D encapsulated cinnamon oil nanoemulsion: Its potential anti-cancerous activity in human alveolar carcinoma cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:349-357. [PMID: 29631227 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon oil is used for medicinal purpose since ancient time because of its antioxidant activity. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) of cinnamon oil was formulated using cinnamon oil, nonionic surfactant Tween 80 and water by ultrasonication technique. Phase diagram was constructed to investigate the influence of oil, water and surfactant concentration. Vitamin D encapsulated cinnamon oil NE was fabricated by wash out method followed by ultrasonication in similar fashion. The hydrodynamic size of cinnamon oil NE and vitamin D encapsulated cinnamon oil NE was observed as 40.52 and 48.96 nm in complete DMEM F12 media respectively. We focused on the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of NEs in A549 cells in concentration dependent manner. We observed that both NEs induce DNA damage along with corresponding increase in micronucleus frequency that is evident from the comet and CBMN assay. Both the NEs arrested the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase, showed increased expression of Bax, capase-3 and caspase-9 and decrease expression of BcL2 proteins along with significant (p < 0.05) increase in apoptotic cell population and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. NEs were also evaluated for bactericidal efficacy against E. coli. Thus, both NEs have cytotoxic, genotoxic and antibacterial potential and hence can also be used in food industry with cinnamon oil as carrier for lipophilic nutraceutical like vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Meghani
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pal Patel
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupa Kansara
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Head R&D, E-Spin Nanotech Pvt Ltd, SIDBI Incubation Center, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Lab, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Science and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Lab, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Science and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
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59813
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el Bcheraoui C, Mokdad AH, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Shirude S, Naghavi M, Murray CJL. Trends and Patterns of Differences in Infectious Disease Mortality Among US Counties, 1980-2014. JAMA 2018; 319:1248-1260. [PMID: 29584843 PMCID: PMC5885870 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Infectious diseases are mostly preventable but still pose a public health threat in the United States, where estimates of infectious diseases mortality are not available at the county level. OBJECTIVE To estimate age-standardized mortality rates and trends by county from 1980 to 2014 from lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, meningitis, hepatitis, and tuberculosis. DESIGN AND SETTING This study used deidentified death records from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and population counts from the US Census Bureau, NCHS, and the Human Mortality Database. Validated small-area estimation models were applied to these data to estimate county-level infectious disease mortality rates. EXPOSURES County of residence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age-standardized mortality rates of lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, meningitis, hepatitis, and tuberculosis by county, year, and sex. RESULTS Between 1980 and 2014, there were 4 081 546 deaths due to infectious diseases recorded in the United States. In 2014, a total of 113 650 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 108 764-117 942) deaths or a rate of 34.10 (95% UI, 32.63-35.38) deaths per 100 000 persons were due to infectious diseases in the United States compared to a total of 72 220 (95% UI, 69 887-74 712) deaths or a rate of 41.95 (95% UI, 40.52-43.42) deaths per 100 000 persons in 1980, an overall decrease of 18.73% (95% UI, 14.95%-23.33%). Lower respiratory infections were the leading cause of infectious diseases mortality in 2014 accounting for 26.87 (95% UI, 25.79-28.05) deaths per 100 000 persons (78.80% of total infectious diseases deaths). There were substantial differences among counties in death rates from all infectious diseases. Lower respiratory infection had the largest absolute mortality inequality among counties (difference between the 10th and 90th percentile of the distribution, 24.5 deaths per 100 000 persons). However, HIV/AIDS had the highest relative mortality inequality between counties (10.0 as the ratio of mortality rate in the 90th and 10th percentile of the distribution). Mortality from meningitis and tuberculosis decreased over the study period in all US counties. However, diarrheal diseases were the only cause of infectious diseases mortality to increase from 2000 to 2014, reaching a rate of 2.41 (95% UI, 0.86-2.67) deaths per 100 000 persons, with many counties of high mortality extending from Missouri to the northeastern region of the United States. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Between 1980 and 2014, there were declines in mortality from most categories of infectious diseases, with large differences among US counties. However, over this time there was an increase in mortality for diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali H. Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Rebecca W Stubbs
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Chloe Morozoff
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Shreya Shirude
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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59814
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Westeneng HJ, Debray TPA, Visser AE, van Eijk RPA, Rooney JPK, Calvo A, Martin S, McDermott CJ, Thompson AG, Pinto S, Kobeleva X, Rosenbohm A, Stubendorff B, Sommer H, Middelkoop BM, Dekker AM, van Vugt JJFA, van Rheenen W, Vajda A, Heverin M, Kazoka M, Hollinger H, Gromicho M, Körner S, Ringer TM, Rödiger A, Gunkel A, Shaw CE, Bredenoord AL, van Es MA, Corcia P, Couratier P, Weber M, Grosskreutz J, Ludolph AC, Petri S, de Carvalho M, Van Damme P, Talbot K, Turner MR, Shaw PJ, Al-Chalabi A, Chiò A, Hardiman O, Moons KGM, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH. Prognosis for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: development and validation of a personalised prediction model. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:423-433. [PMID: 29598923 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive, fatal motor neuron disease with a variable natural history. There are no accurate models that predict the disease course and outcomes, which complicates risk assessment and counselling for individual patients, stratification of patients for trials, and timing of interventions. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting a composite survival endpoint for individual patients with ALS. METHODS We obtained data for patients from 14 specialised ALS centres (each one designated as a cohort) in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, and the UK. All patients were diagnosed in the centres after excluding other diagnoses and classified according to revised El Escorial criteria. We assessed 16 patient characteristics as potential predictors of a composite survival outcome (time between onset of symptoms and non-invasive ventilation for more than 23 h per day, tracheostomy, or death) and applied backward elimination with bootstrapping in the largest population-based dataset for predictor selection. Data were gathered on the day of diagnosis or as soon as possible thereafter. Predictors that were selected in more than 70% of the bootstrap resamples were used to develop a multivariable Royston-Parmar model for predicting the composite survival outcome in individual patients. We assessed the generalisability of the model by estimating heterogeneity of predictive accuracy across external populations (ie, populations not used to develop the model) using internal-external cross-validation, and quantified the discrimination using the concordance (c) statistic (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve) and calibration using a calibration slope. FINDINGS Data were collected between Jan 1, 1992, and Sept 22, 2016 (the largest data-set included data from 1936 patients). The median follow-up time was 97·5 months (IQR 52·9-168·5). Eight candidate predictors entered the prediction model: bulbar versus non-bulbar onset (univariable hazard ratio [HR] 1·71, 95% CI 1·63-1·79), age at onset (1·03, 1·03-1·03), definite versus probable or possible ALS (1·47, 1·39-1·55), diagnostic delay (0·52, 0·51-0·53), forced vital capacity (HR 0·99, 0·99-0·99), progression rate (6·33, 5·92-6·76), frontotemporal dementia (1·34, 1·20-1·50), and presence of a C9orf72 repeat expansion (1·45, 1·31-1·61), all p<0·0001. The c statistic for external predictive accuracy of the model was 0·78 (95% CI 0·77-0·80; 95% prediction interval [PI] 0·74-0·82) and the calibration slope was 1·01 (95% CI 0·95-1·07; 95% PI 0·83-1·18). The model was used to define five groups with distinct median predicted (SE) and observed (SE) times in months from symptom onset to the composite survival outcome: very short 17·7 (0·20), 16·5 (0·23); short 25·3 (0·06), 25·2 (0·35); intermediate 32·2 (0·09), 32·8 (0·46); long 43·7 (0·21), 44·6 (0·74); and very long 91·0 (1·84), 85·6 (1·96). INTERPRETATION We have developed an externally validated model to predict survival without tracheostomy and non-invasive ventilation for more than 23 h per day in European patients with ALS. This model could be applied to individualised patient management, counselling, and future trial design, but to maximise the benefit and prevent harm it is intended to be used by medical doctors only. FUNDING Netherlands ALS Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas P A Debray
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne E Visser
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruben P A van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - James P K Rooney
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sarah Martin
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Susana Pinto
- Institute of Physiology-Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Helma Sommer
- Neuromuscular Diseases Centre/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bas M Middelkoop
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joke J F A van Vugt
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alice Vajda
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Heverin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mbombe Kazoka
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Hollinger
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marta Gromicho
- Institute of Physiology-Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sonja Körner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas M Ringer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Rödiger
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Gunkel
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre de compétence SLA-fédération Tours-Limoges, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Couratier
- Centre de compétence SLA-fédération Tours-Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Centre/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology-Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven (University of Leuven) and Centre for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adriano Chiò
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Ireland
| | - Karel G M Moons
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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59815
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Kiadaliri AA, Rinaldi G, Lohmander LS, Petersson IF, Englund M. Temporal trend and regional disparity in osteoarthritis hospitalisations in Sweden 1998-2015. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:53-60. [PMID: 29576011 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818766785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated time trend and regional disparities in hospitalisations due to osteoarthritis (OA) among people aged ≥20 years in Sweden from 1998 through 2015. METHODS National and regional data on hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of OA were collected from the National Patient Register. The absolute and relative regional disparities were assessed using the absolute weighted mean difference from overall mean and the index of disparity. We applied joinpoint regression for temporal trend analysis of hospitalisations and the Mann-Kendall trend test for disparity measures. Changes in number of OA hospitalisations between 1998-2000 and 2013-2015 were analysed using two counterfactual scenarios. RESULTS During 1998-2015, OA hospitalisations constituted 2.0% of all hospitalisations, with higher proportions among women (58.7%) and those aged 70-74 years (18.0%). The age-standardised rate of OA hospitalisation and its proportions from all and musculoskeletal disorders hospitalisations rose, on average, by >2.0% per year during the study period. OA hospitalisation rates rose statistically significantly in all age groups except for the youngest and oldest age groups. The proportion of hip OA from all OA hospitalisations declined, while the opposite was observed for knee OA. The relative regional disparities declined in men, and the absolute regional disparities rose among women over time. The population growth and ageing could explain only about one third of the observed increases in the absolute number of OA hospitalisations between 1998-2000 and 2013-2015. CONCLUSIONS OA hospitalisations have increased substantially, suggesting the need to improve OA prevention and primary-care management in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar A Kiadaliri
- 1 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sweden
| | | | - L Stefan Lohmander
- 1 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sweden
| | - Ingemar F Petersson
- 1 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sweden.,3 Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Martin Englund
- 1 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sweden.,4 Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, USA
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59816
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Propensity Score-Matched Analysis on the Association Between Pregnancy Infections and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Rural Northwestern China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5154. [PMID: 29581446 PMCID: PMC5979963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between infections and birth outcomes in pregnant Chinese women by using propensity score (PS) matching. The data used here was from a large population-based cross-sectional epidemiological survey on birth defects in Shaanxi province, Northwest China. The babies born during 2010–2013 and their mothers were selected with a stratified multistage sampling method. We used PS-matched (1:1) analysis to match participants with infections to participants without infections. Of 22916 rural participants, the overall prevalence of infection was about 39.96%. 5381 pairs were matched. We observed increased risks of birth defects with infections, respiratory infections and genitourinary infections during the pregnancy (OR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.21–2.08; OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10–1.87; OR, 3.11; 95% CI: 1.75–5.54). There was also a significant increase of low birth weight associated with respiratory infections (1.13(1.01–1.27)). The association of birth defect with the infection could be relatively stable but the effect could be mediated by some important factors such as mother’s age, education level and economic level. The infection during pregnancy is common in Chinese women and might increase the risk of offspring birth defects and low birth weight, especially in younger, lower education, poor pregnant women.
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59817
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Mollenhauer M, Mehrkens D, Rudolph V. Nitrated fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:S1089-8603(17)30292-6. [PMID: 29588164 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and accounts for one third of disease-related mortality worldwide. Dysregulated redox mechanisms, in particular the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal pathogenetic role in CVD. Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are electrophilic molecules which have a NO2-group bound to one of their olefinic carbons. They are endogenously formed by the reaction of reactive nitrogen species with unsaturated fatty acids. Basal levels of NO2-FAs are in the low nanomolar range and higher concentrations can be encountered under acidic (stomach) and inflammatory (e.g. ischemia/reperfusion) conditions. Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in combination with nitrites raises circulating NO2-FAs to a clinically relevant level in mice. NO2-FAs undergo reversible covalent binding to cysteine residues and by virtue of these posttranslational protein modifications act as potent anti-inflammatory signaling mediators via modulation of various critical pathways like nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition and hem oxygenase-1 (HO-1)- and heat shock protein (HSP) induction. In this review article, we summarize recent findings about the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of NO2-FAs from a variety of pre-clinical cardiovascular disease models. The described findings suggest the potential of NO2-FAs to emerge as therapeutic agents with a broad range of potential clinical applications for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mollenhauer
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Mehrkens
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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59818
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Torre‐Villalvazo I, Bunt AE, Alemán G, Marquez‐Mota CC, Diaz‐Villaseñor A, Noriega LG, Estrada I, Figueroa‐Juárez E, Tovar‐Palacio C, Rodriguez‐López LA, López‐Romero P, Torres N, Tovar AR. Adiponectin synthesis and secretion by subcutaneous adipose tissue is impaired during obesity by endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5970-5984. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Torre‐Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Ana E. Bunt
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Gabriela Alemán
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Claudia C. Marquez‐Mota
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y BioquímicaFMVZ‐UNAMMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Andrea Diaz‐Villaseñor
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasIIB‐UNAMMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Isabela Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Elizabeth Figueroa‐Juárez
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo MineralInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Claudia Tovar‐Palacio
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo MineralInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Leonardo A. Rodriguez‐López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Patricia López‐Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la NutriciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMéxico CityMéxico
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59819
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Lin WS, Huang TF, Chuang TY, Lin CL, Kao CH. Association between Cervical Spondylosis and Migraine: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040587. [PMID: 29587400 PMCID: PMC5923629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Few studies have investigated the longitudinal association between cervical spondylosis (CS) and migraine by using a nationwide population-based database. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2011 identifying 27,930 cases of cervical spondylosis and 111,720 control subjects (those without cervical spondylosis) from a single database. The subjects were frequency-matched on the basis of sex, age, and diagnosis date. The non- cervical spondylosis cohort was four times the size of the cervical spondylosis cohort. To quantify the effects of cervical spondylosis on the risk of migraine, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: After a 10-year follow-up controlling for potential confounding factors, overall migraine incidence was higher in the cervical spondylosis cohort than in the non-cervical spondylosis cohort (5.16 and 2.09 per 1000 people per year, respectively; crude hazard ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval = 2.28-2.69), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.03 (95% confidence interval = 1.86-2.22) after accounting for sex, age, comorbidities, and medication. Individuals with myelopathy in the cervical spondylosis cohort had a 2.19 times (95% confidence interval = 1.80-2.66) higher incidence of migraine when compared than did those in the non- cervical spondylosis cohort. Conclusions: Individuals with cervical spondylosis exhibited a higher risk of migraine than those without cervical spondylosis. The migraine incidence rate was even higher among individuals with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Sheng Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Fu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Tien-Yow Chuang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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59820
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Miranda AM, Steluti J, Goulart AC, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Marchioni DM. Coffee Consumption and Coronary Artery Calcium Score: Cross-Sectional Results of ELSA-Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007155. [PMID: 29574458 PMCID: PMC5907580 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence for the relationship between coffee intake and subclinical atherosclerosis is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in ELSA-Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study is based on baseline data from participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Only participants living in São Paulo, Brazil, who underwent a CAC measurement (n=4426) were included. Coffee consumption was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. CAC was detected with computed tomography and expressed as Agatston units. CAC was further categorized as an Agatson score ≥100 (CAC ≥100). In multiple logistic regression analysis considering intake of coffee and smoking status interaction, significant inverse associations were observed between coffee consumption (>3 cups/d) and CAC≥100 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [95% confidence interval, 0.58-1.24] for ≤1 cup/d; OR: 0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.51-1.05] for 1-3 cups/d; OR: 0.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.65] for >3 cups/d). Moreover, there was a statistically significant interaction effect for coffee consumption and smoking status (P=0.028 for interaction). After stratification by smoking status, the analysis revealed a lower OR of coronary calcification in never smokers drinking >3 cups/d (OR: 0.37 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.91]), whereas among current and former smokers, the intake of coffee was not significantly associated with coronary calcification. CONCLUSIONS Habitual consumption of >3 cups/d of coffee decreased odds of subclinical atherosclerosis among never smokers. The consumption of coffee could exert a potential beneficial effect against coronary calcification, particularly in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Miranda
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane Steluti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce M Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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59821
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Le LV, Mohindra P, Fang Q, Sievers RE, Mkrtschjan MA, Solis C, Safranek CW, Russell B, Lee RJ, Desai TA. Injectable hyaluronic acid based microrods provide local micromechanical and biochemical cues to attenuate cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2018; 169:11-21. [PMID: 29631164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repairing cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most challenging goals in tissue engineering. Following ischemic injury, significant matrix remodeling and the formation of avascular scar tissue significantly impairs cell engraftment and survival in the damaged myocardium. This limits the efficacy of cell replacement therapies, demanding strategies that reduce pathological scarring to create a suitable microenvironment for healthy tissue regeneration. Here, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of discrete hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microrods to provide local biochemical and biomechanical signals to reprogram cells and attenuate cardiac fibrosis. HA microrods were produced in a range of physiological stiffness and shown to degrade in the presence of hyaluronidase. Additionally, we show that fibroblasts interact with these microrods in vitro, leading to significant changes in proliferation, collagen expression and other markers of a myofibroblast phenotype. When injected into the myocardium of an adult rat MI model, HA microrods prevented left ventricular wall thinning and improved cardiac function at 6 weeks post infarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V Le
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Qizhi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard E Sievers
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A Mkrtschjan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Christopher Solis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Conrad W Safranek
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Randall J Lee
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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59822
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Wingfield T, Tovar MA, Datta S, Saunders MJ, Evans CA. Addressing social determinants to end tuberculosis. Lancet 2018; 391:1129-1132. [PMID: 29595481 PMCID: PMC7611140 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wingfield
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; Innovación Por la Salud Y Desarrollo, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK; Social Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Migration Group, Department of Public Health Science, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; LIV-TB, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Marco A Tovar
- Innovación Por la Salud Y Desarrollo, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Innovation For Health And Development, Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London and Wellcome Trust Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK
| | - Sumona Datta
- Innovación Por la Salud Y Desarrollo, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Innovation For Health And Development, Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London and Wellcome Trust Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Saunders
- Innovación Por la Salud Y Desarrollo, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Innovation For Health And Development, Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London and Wellcome Trust Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK
| | - Carlton A Evans
- Innovación Por la Salud Y Desarrollo, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Innovation For Health And Development, Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London and Wellcome Trust Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK
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59823
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Kushitor MK, Boatemaa S. The double burden of disease and the challenge of health access: Evidence from Access, Bottlenecks, Cost and Equity facility survey in Ghana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194677. [PMID: 29570720 PMCID: PMC5865721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the double burden of infectious and chronic non-communicable diseases in Africa, health care expenditure disproportionately favours infectious diseases. In this paper, we examine quantitatively the extent of this disproportionate access to diagnoses and treatment of diabetes, hypertension and malaria in Ghana. A total of 220 health facilities was surveyed across the country in 2011. Findings indicate that diagnoses and treatment of infectious diseases were more accessible than NCDs. In terms of treatment, 78% and 87% of health facilities had two of the recommended malaria drugs while less than 35% had essential diabetes and hypertension drugs. There is a significant unmet need for diagnoses and treatment of NCDs in Ghana. These inequities have implications for high morbidity and mortality from NCDs. We recommend the use of task shifting as a model to increase the delivery of NCD services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Boatemaa
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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59824
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The impact of social protection and poverty elimination on global tuberculosis incidence: a statistical modelling analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 1. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 6:e514-e522. [PMID: 29580761 PMCID: PMC5968370 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The End TB Strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are intimately linked by their common targets and approaches. SDG 1 aims to end extreme poverty and expand social protection coverage by 2030. Achievement of SDG 1 is likely to affect the tuberculosis epidemic through a range of pathways. We estimate the reduction in global tuberculosis incidence that could be obtained by reaching SDG 1. Methods We developed a conceptual framework linking key indicators of SDG 1 progress to tuberculosis incidence via well described risk factor pathways and populated it with data from the SDG data repository and the WHO tuberculosis database for 192 countries. Correlations and mediation analyses informed the strength of the association between the SDG 1 subtargets and tuberculosis incidence, resulting in a simplified framework for modelling. The simplified framework linked key indicators for SDG 1 directly to tuberculosis incidence. We applied an exponential decay model based on linear associations between SDG 1 indicators and tuberculosis incidence to estimate tuberculosis incidence in 2035. Findings Ending extreme poverty resulted in a reduction in global incidence of tuberculosis of 33·4% (95% credible interval 15·5–44·5) by 2035 and expanding social protection coverage resulted in a reduction in incidence of 76·1% (45·2–89·9) by 2035; both pathways together resulted in a reduction in incidence of 84·3% (54·7–94·9). Interpretation Full achievement of SDG 1 could have a substantial effect on the global burden of tuberculosis. Cross-sectoral approaches that promote poverty reduction and social protection expansion will be crucial complements to health interventions, accelerating progress towards the End TB targets. Funding World Health Organization.
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59825
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Bell L, Calder B, Hiller R, Klein A, Soares NC, Stoychev SH, Vorster BC, Tabb DL. Challenges and Opportunities for Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities in the Developing World. J Biomol Tech 2018; 29:4-15. [PMID: 29623005 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.18-2901-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The developing world is seeing rapid growth in the availability of biological mass spectrometry (MS), particularly through core facilities. As proteomics and metabolomics becomes locally feasible for investigators in these nations, application areas associated with high burden in these nations, such as infectious disease, will see greatly increased research output. This article evaluates the rapid growth of MS in South Africa (currently approaching 20 laboratories) as a model for establishing MS core facilities in other nations of the developing world. Facilities should emphasize new services rather than new instruments. The reduction of the delays associated with reagent and other supply acquisition would benefit both facilities and the users who make use of their services. Instrument maintenance and repair, often mediated by an in-country business for an international vendor, is also likely to operate on a slower schedule than in the wealthiest nations. A key challenge to facilities in the developing world is educating potential facility users in how best to design experiments for proteomics and metabolomics, what reagents are most likely to introduce problematic artifacts, and how to interpret results from the facility. Here, we summarize the experience of 6 different institutions to raise the level of biological MS available to researchers in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Bell
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Bridget Calder
- University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Reinhard Hiller
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nelson C Soares
- University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Stoyan H Stoychev
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Barend C Vorster
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; and
| | - David L Tabb
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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59826
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Fuller RH, Perel P, Navarro-Ruan T, Nieuwlaat R, Haynes RB, Huffman MD. Improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Heart 2018; 104:1238-1243. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the effect of interventions for improving adherence to medications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) secondary prevention.MethodsWe extracted eligible trials from a 2014 Cochrane systematic review on adherence for any condition. We updated the search from CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts and trial registers through November 2016. Study reports needed to be from a randomised controlled trial, incorporate participants identified as having ASCVD and interventions aimed at improving adherence to medicines for secondary prevention of ASCVD and measure both adherence and a clinical outcome. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of studies, extracted data and conducted a narrative synthesis.ResultsWe identified 17 trials (n=17 448 participants). Most trials had high risk of bias in at least one domain. The intervention group adherence rates ranged from 44%to99% and the comparator group adherence rates ranged from 13% to 96%. Three distinct interventions reported improvements in both adherence and clinical outcomes: short message service (65% vs 13% of participants with high adherence in the intervention vs control group), a fixed-dose combination pill (86% vs 65% adherence, risk ratio of being adherent, 1.33; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.41) and a community health worker-based intervention (97% in the intervention group compared with 92% in the control group; OR=2.62, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.19).ConclusionsWe identified three interventions that demonstrated improvements in adherence and clinical outcomes. Ongoing, longer-term trials will help determine whether short-term changes in adherence can be maintained and lead to differences in clinical events.
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59827
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van den Broek J, Güntner AT, Pratsinis SE. Highly Selective and Rapid Breath Isoprene Sensing Enabled by Activated Alumina Filter. ACS Sens 2018; 3:677-683. [PMID: 29443518 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene is a versatile breath marker for noninvasive monitoring of high blood cholesterol levels as well as for influenza, end-stage renal disease, muscle activity, lung cancer, and liver disease with advanced fibrosis. Its selective detection in complex human breath by portable devices (e.g., metal-oxide gas sensors), however, is still challenging. Here, we present a new filter concept based on activated alumina powder enabling fast and highly selective detection of isoprene at the ppb level and high humidity. The filter contains high surface area adsorbents that retain hydrophilic compounds (e.g., ketones, alcohols, ammonia) representing major interferants in breath while hydrophobic isoprene is not affected. As a proof-of-concept, filters of commercial activated alumina powder are combined with highly sensitive but rather nonspecific, nanostructured Pt-doped SnO2 sensors. This results in fast (10 s) measurement of isoprene down to 5 ppb at 90% relative humidity with outstanding selectivity (>100) to breath-relevant acetone, ammonia, ethanol, and methanol, superior to state-of-the-art isoprene sensors. Most importantly, when exposed continuously to simulated breath mixtures (four analytes) for 8 days, this filter-sensor system showed stable performance. It can be incorporated readily into a portable breath isoprene analyzer promising for simple-in-use monitoring of blood cholesterol or other patho/physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van den Broek
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas T. Güntner
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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59828
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Oni OD, Olagunju AT, Olisah VO, Aina OF, Ojini FI. Post-stroke depression: Prevalence, associated factors and impact on quality of life among outpatients in a Nigerian hospital. S Afr J Psychiatr 2018; 24:1058. [PMID: 30263206 PMCID: PMC6138133 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v24i0.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD), its associated factors and impact on quality of life (QoL) among outpatients in a Nigerian hospital. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out among 140 adults made up of 70 stroke survivors and matched controls with stable hypertension. Participants were administered questionnaires to profile their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Subsequently, they were assessed with the modified mini-mental state examination (MMSE), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), schedule for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF). RESULTS The mean ages (± s.d.) of stroke survivors and controls were 57.43 (± 9.67) years and 57.33 (± 9.33) years, respectively. Majority of stroke survivors (n = 55 [78.6%]) had infarctive stroke, and 37 (52.9%) had right hemispheric lesion. Sixteen (22.9%) stroke survivors had PSD, with moderate to severe depression (F32.1) being the most prevalent, while none of the controls was clinically depressed. PSD correlated positively with monthly health bill above 10 000 naira ($61), significant post-stroke disability and poorer scores on all QoL domains (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Depression was 20-fold prevalent in stroke survivors compared to controls with stable hypertension, and sevenfold the life-time prevalence reported among adult general population in Nigeria. Furthermore, increased health care bills per month, significant post-stroke disability and poorer QoL indicated survivors more likely to have depression. Findings in this study support the need to pay closer attention to psychosocial needs of stroke survivors to improve well-being. Future longitudinal study on psychosocial burden of stroke is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osunwale D Oni
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Victor O Olisah
- Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji F Aina
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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59829
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Ellijimi C, Ben Hammouda M, Othman H, Moslah W, Jebali J, Mabrouk HB, Morjen M, Haoues M, Luis J, Marrakchi N, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Srairi-Abid N. Helix aspersa maxima mucus exhibits antimelanogenic and antitumoral effects against melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:871-880. [PMID: 29635896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Snail secretion is currently revolutionizing the world of cosmetics and human skin care. The efficacy of snail secretion in wounds healing has been proven both in vitro and by clinical studies. However, the potential anti-tumor effect of snail secretion was poorly investigated. In this report, our in vitro study showed that Helix aspersa maxima species snail slime (SS) could not only treat melanogenesis but also endowed with anti-tumoral activity against human melanoma cells. Indeed, SS reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity on B16F10 cells with IC50 values of 288 μg/mL and 286 μg/mL, respectively, without altering cell viability. This effect was also observed, at a lesser extent, on human melanoma IGR-39 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines. On another hand, SS specifically inhibited the viability of IGR-39 and SK-MEL-28 cells associated to an apoptotic effect highlighted by PARP cleavage. It is worth to note that SS did not affect the viability of B16F10 cells and non tumorigenic HaCaT cells. Interestingly, this extract was found to inhibit migration and invasion of both human melanoma cells through reducing the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase MMP2. Snail slime also exerted a high inhibitory effect on IGR-39 cell adhesion through blocking the function of α2β1 (45%), αvβ3 (38%) integrins and by reducing the expression levels of αv and β1 integrins. The presented results shed light on the potential anti-melanoma effect of SS and support its use against skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chedli Ellijimi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Hammouda
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale appliquée aux Maladies infectieuses LR11IPT04/LR16IPT04, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moslah
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Jed Jebali
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hazem Ben Mabrouk
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Maram Morjen
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, LR11IPT02/ LR16IPT02 LTCII, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - José Luis
- INSERM UMR 911-Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale appliquée aux Maladies infectieuses LR11IPT04/LR16IPT04, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et biomolécules thérapeutiques LR11IPT08/ LR16IPT08, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia.
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59830
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59831
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Bouchery T, Filbey K, Shepherd A, Chandler J, Patel D, Schmidt A, Camberis M, Peignier A, Smith AAT, Johnston K, Painter G, Pearson M, Giacomin P, Loukas A, Bottazzi ME, Hotez P, LeGros G. A novel blood-feeding detoxification pathway in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis L3 reveals a potential checkpoint for arresting hookworm development. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006931. [PMID: 29566094 PMCID: PMC5864084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of on-going efforts to control hookworm infection, the "human hookworm vaccine initiative" has recognised blood feeding as a feasible therapeutic target for inducing immunity against hookworm infection. To this end, molecular approaches have been used to identify candidate targets, such as Necator americanus (Na) haemoglobinase aspartic protease-1 (APR-1), with immunogenicity profiled in canine and hamster models. We sought to accelerate the immune analysis of these identified therapeutic targets by developing an appropriate mouse model. Here we demonstrate that Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb), a phylogenetically distant strongylid nematode of rodents, begins blood feeding early in its development and that immunisation with Na-APR-1 can block its growth and completion of its life cycle. Furthermore, we identify a new haem detoxification pathway in Nb required for blood feeding that can be blocked by drugs of the quinolone family, reducing both infection burden and the associated anaemia in rodents. Collectively, our findings show that haem metabolism has potential as a checkpoint for interrupting hookworm development in early stages of the hookworm life cycle and that the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis rodent model is relevant for identifying novel therapeutic targets against human hookworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (GL); (TB)
| | - Kara Filbey
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy Shepherd
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jodie Chandler
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Deepa Patel
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alfonso Schmidt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mali Camberis
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Karen Johnston
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Pearson
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria-Elena Bottazzi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Hotez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Graham LeGros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (GL); (TB)
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59832
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Collins KH, Hart DA, Smith IC, Issler AM, Reimer RA, Seerattan RA, Rios JL, Herzog W. Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13270. [PMID: 28533262 PMCID: PMC5449557 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity‐induced muscle damage. To determine the time–course relationship between a high‐fat/high‐sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short‐term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long‐term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. Chow‐fed controls (n = 21) were killed at 4, 12, and 28 weeks. At sacrifice, animals were weighed, body composition was calculated (DXA), and soleus muscles were harvested and flash‐frozen. Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT‐qPCR. Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. Short‐term time‐point soleus muscles demonstrated up‐regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet‐induced alterations to muscle integrity. Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity‐induced muscle damage, and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Collins
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Centre for Hip Health & Mobility, Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Alberta Health Services Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian C Smith
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony M Issler
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth A Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,CAPES Foundation, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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59833
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Dong Y, Fang K, Wang X, Chen S, Liu X, Zhao Y, Guan Y, Cai D, Li G, Liu J, Liu J, Zhuang J, Wang P, Chen X, Shen H, Wang DZ, Xian Y, Feng W, Campbell BC, Parsons M, Dong Q. The network of Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S): A public health-care web-based database using automatic extraction of electronic medical records. Int J Stroke 2018; 13:539-544. [PMID: 29561219 DOI: 10.1177/1747493018765492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Several stroke outcome and quality control projects have demonstrated the success in stroke care quality improvement through structured process. However, Chinese health-care systems are challenged with its overwhelming numbers of patients, limited resources, and large regional disparities. Aim To improve quality of stroke care to address regional disparities through process improvement. Method and design The Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) is established as a regional network for stroke care quality improvement in the Shanghai metropolitan area. The 4S registry uses a web-based database that automatically extracts data from structured electronic medical records. Site-specific education and training program will be designed and administrated according to their baseline characteristics. Both acute reperfusion therapies including thrombectomy and thrombolysis in the acute phase and subsequent care were measured and monitored with feedback. Primary outcome is to evaluate the differences in quality metrics between baseline characteristics (including rate of thrombolysis in acute stroke and key performance indicators in secondary prevention) and post-intervention. Conclusions The 4S system is a regional stroke network that monitors the ongoing stroke care quality in Shanghai. This project will provide the opportunity to evaluate the spectrum of acute stroke care and design quality improvement processes for better stroke care. A regional stroke network model for quality improvement will be explored and might be expanded to other large cities in China. Clinical Trial Registration-URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02735226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- 1 Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Fang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 2 Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- 3 Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- 4 Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- 5 Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- 6 Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingfang Cai
- 7 Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- 8 Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- 9 Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Liu
- 10 Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- 11 Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Panshi Wang
- 12 Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- 12 Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Shen
- 13 Department of Business and Economics, University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - David Z Wang
- 14 Comprehensive Stroke Center at OSF SFMC, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Ying Xian
- 15 Medicine Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wuwei Feng
- 16 Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce Cv Campbell
- 17 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- 18 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- 1 Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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59834
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashish Damania
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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59835
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Henry RC, Engström K, Olin S, Alexander P, Arneth A, Rounsevell MDA. Food supply and bioenergy production within the global cropland planetary boundary. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194695. [PMID: 29566091 PMCID: PMC5864037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplying food for the anticipated global population of over 9 billion in 2050 under changing climate conditions is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Agricultural expansion and intensification contributes to global environmental change and risks the long-term sustainability of the planet. It has been proposed that no more than 15% of the global ice-free land surface should be converted to cropland. Bioenergy production for land-based climate mitigation places additional pressure on limited land resources. Here we test normative targets of food supply and bioenergy production within the cropland planetary boundary using a global land-use model. The results suggest supplying the global population with adequate food is possible without cropland expansion exceeding the planetary boundary. Yet this requires an increase in food production, especially in developing countries, as well as a decrease in global crop yield gaps. However, under current assumptions of future food requirements, it was not possible to also produce significant amounts of first generation bioenergy without cropland expansion. These results suggest that meeting food and bioenergy demands within the planetary boundaries would need a shift away from current trends, for example, requiring major change in the demand-side of the food system or advancing biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Henry
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - K. Engström
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Olin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Alexander
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Land Economy and Environment Research, SRUC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A. Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - M. D. A. Rounsevell
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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59836
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Pablos-Méndez A, Raviglione MC. A New World Health Era. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2018; 6:8-16. [PMID: 29540441 PMCID: PMC5878081 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-17-00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented economic progress and demands for social protection have engendered an economic transition in health in many low- and middle-income countries, characterized by major increases in domestic health spending and growing national autonomy. At the global level, development assistance is refocusing on fragile states, the poorest communities, and cooperation on global public goods like health security, technical norms, and innovation. Intergovernmental organizations like WHO need the wherewithal and support to provide leadership and to properly advance this new world health era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Pablos-Méndez
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Formerly the Assistant Administrator for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Mario C Raviglione
- University of Milan, Italy. Formerly Director of the Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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59837
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Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening contributes to cannabinoid type 1 receptor agonist ACEA-induced neuroprotection. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:211-222. [PMID: 29574098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA) induces neuroprotection against brain ischemia, and the mechanism, however, is still elusive. In this study, we used bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in primary cultured neurons to mimic brain ischemic injury, and hypothesized that cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist ACEA protects ischemic neurons via inhibiting the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). In vivo, we found that BCCAO treatment reduced the neurological functions, increased the number of apoptotic neuronal cells and deteriorated the mitochondrial morphology in the ischemic brain tissue. And in vitro, we observed that OGD injury reduced cell viability, mitochondrial function and anti-oxidant SOD2 expression, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial cytochrome C (Cyto C) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) releases, elevated the cell apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide level. And the CB1 receptor agonist ACEA significantly abolished the BCCAO and OGD-induced neuronal injury above. However, the MPTP opener atractyloside (Atr) markedly reversed the ACEA-induced neuroprotective effects, inhibited the mitochondrial Cyto C and AIF releases and relieved the mitochondrial swelling, but the MPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) did not cause significant effects on the ACEA-induced neuroprotection above. These findings indicated that inhibition of MPTP opening may be involved in the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist ACEA-induced neuroprotection.
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59838
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Gillum RF. The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Black Diaspora. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1155-1158. [PMID: 29557048 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For over four decades the National Medical Association (NMA) and the Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC) have sought to bring to national attention the disparate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among African Americans. However, systematic inquiry has been inadequate into the burden of CVD in the poor countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the African diaspora in the Americas outside the USA. However, recently, the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has offered new tools for such inquiry. Several initial efforts in that direction using 2010 data have been published. This article highlights some new findings for SSA for 2016. It also suggests that NMA and ABC further this effort by direct advocacy and collaboration with the GBD to make estimates of CVD burden in African Americans and South American Blacks explicitly available in future iterations.
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59839
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Santric Milicevic M, Vasic M, Edwards M, Sanchez C, Fellows J. Strengthening the public health workforce: An estimation of the long-term requirements for public health specialists in Serbia. Health Policy 2018; 122:674-680. [PMID: 29605525 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, planning the public health workforce requirements came into the focus of policy makers. The need for improved provision of essential public health services, driven by a challenging non-communicable disease and causes of death and disability within Serbia, calls for a much needed estimation of the requirements of the public health professionals. Mid and long-term public health specialists' supply and demand estimations out to 2025were developed based on national staffing standards and regional distribution of the workforce in public health institutes of Serbia. By 2025, the supply of specialists, taking into account attrition rate of -1% reaches the staffing standard. However, a slight increase in attrition rates has the impact of revealing supply shortage risks. Demand side projections show that public health institutes require an annual input of 10 specialists or 2.1% annual growth rate in order for the four public health fields to achieve a headcount of 487 by 2025 as well as counteract workforce attrition rates. Shortage and poor distribution of public health specialists underline the urgent need for workforce recruitment and retention in public health institutes in order to ensure the coordination, management, surveillance and provision of essential public health services over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Santric Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Centre- School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vasic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut", Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Dentistry, Pancevo, Serbia
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59840
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Abstract
Objective To determine the association between consumption of snacks and sweetened beverages and risk of overweight among children. Design Secondary analysis of the Young Lives cohort study in Peru. Setting Twenty sentinel sites from a total of 1818 districts available in Peru. Subjects Children in the younger cohort of the Young Lives study in Peru, specifically those included in the third (2009) and the fourth (2013) rounds. Results A total of 1813 children were evaluated at baseline; 49·2 % girls and mean age 8·0 (sd 0·3) years. At baseline, 3·3 (95 % CI 2·5, 4·2) % reported daily sweetened beverage consumption, while this proportion was 3·9 (95 % CI 3·1, 4·9) % for snacks. Baseline prevalence of overweight was 22·0 (95 % CI 20·1, 23·9) %. Only 1414 children were followed for 4·0 (sd 0·1) years, with an overweight incidence of 3·6 (95 % CI 3·1, 4·1) per 100 person-years. In multivariable analysis, children who consumed sweetened beverages and snacks daily had an average weight increase of 2·29 (95 % CI 0·62, 3·96) and 2·04 (95 % CI 0·48, 3·60) kg more, respectively, than those who never consumed these products, in approximately 4 years of follow-up. Moreover, there was evidence of an association between daily consumption of sweetened beverages and risk of overweight (relative risk=2·12; 95 % CI 1·05, 4·28). Conclusions Daily consumption of sweetened beverages and snacks was associated with increased weight gain v. never consuming these products; and in the case of sweetened beverages, with higher risk of developing overweight.
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59841
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Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e67-e492. [PMID: 29386200 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4550] [Impact Index Per Article: 758.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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59842
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Do Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) and Established Urban Neighborhoods Have Similar Walking Levels in Hong Kong? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030555. [PMID: 29558379 PMCID: PMC5877100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A sharp drop in physical activity and skyrocketing obesity rate has accompanied rapid urbanization in China. The urban planning concept of transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely advocated in China to promote physical activity, especially walking. Indeed, many design features thought to promote walking—e.g., mixed land use, densification, and well-connected street network—often characterize both TODs and established urban neighborhoods. Thus, it is often assumed that TODs have similar physical activity benefits as established urban neighborhoods. To verify this assumption, this study compared walking behaviors in established urban neighborhoods and transit-oriented new towns in Hong Kong. To address the limitation of self-selection bias, we conducted a study using Hong Kong citywide public housing scheme, which assigns residents to different housing estates by flat availability and family size rather than personal preference. The results show new town residents walked less for transportation purpose than urban residents. New town residents far from the transit station (800–1200 m) walked less for recreational purpose than TOD residents close to a rail transit station (<400 m) or urban residents. The observed disparity in walking behaviors challenges the common assumption that TOD and established urban neighborhoods have similar impact on walking behavior. The results suggest the necessity for more nuanced planning strategies, taking local-level factors into account to promote walking of TOD residents who live far from transit stations.
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59843
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Tolstrup JS, Pisinger VSC, Egan KK, Christensen AI. Trends in smoking and smokeless tobacco use among Danish Adolescents, 1997-2014. Tob Prev Cessat 2018; 4:10. [PMID: 32411838 PMCID: PMC7205043 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/86331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High rates of smoking among adolescents remain a public health concern. This study investigates smoking behavior and use of smokeless tobacco among Danish high-school students and assesses how smoking and use of smokeless tobacco cluster in schools and school classes. We estimate the trend in cigarette smoking from 1997 to 2014. METHODS We used data on 70 243 students, from 3 214 school classes in 119 high schools, who participated in the Danish National Youth Study from 2014. We had information on 87% of all Danish high schools and 85% of eligible students. We also used data from 1997 on 26 644 high-school students from a similar data set to assess the chronological trend in smoking. We calculated prevalences and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to estimate between-school and between-school class clustering in smoking and use of smokeless tobacco. RESULTS In all, 14% of boys and 11% of girls were daily smokers. A large fraction of the variation in smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco was attributable to the school and school-class level (ICC of 0.19, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.27, for daily smoking, waterpipe smoking, use of electronic cigarettes and snuff/chewing tobacco, respectively). Daily smoking decreased from 15% in 1997 to 12% in 2014, while more students were occasional smokers in 2014 than in 1997 (30% vs 18%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of smoking was high among Danish high-school students and had changed little since 1997. The school and class environment accounted for a large part of the variation in smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica S C Pisinger
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kia K Egan
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne I Christensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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59844
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Han C, Liu F, Yang X, Chen J, Li J, Cao J, Li Y, Shen C, Yu L, Liu Z, Wu X, Zhao L, Hu D, Lu X, Wu X, Gu D. Ideal cardiovascular health and incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among Chinese adults: the China-PAR project. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:504-514. [PMID: 29721777 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics on preventing incident atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) in Chinese population. This study was conducted among 93,987 adults from the China-PAR project (Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) who were followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVH metrics for the risk of ASCVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and ASCVD death. We further estimated the population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) of these metrics in relation to each outcome. We observed gradient inverse associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics and ASCVD incidence. Compared with participants having ≤2 ideal CVH metrics, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of ASCVD for those with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.83 (0.74-0.93), 0.66 (0.59-0.74), 0.55 (0.48-0.61), 0.44 (0.38-0.50) and 0.24 (0.18-0.31), respectively (P for trend <0.0001). Approximately 62.1% of total ASCVD, 38.7% of CHD, 66.4% of stroke, and 60.5% of ASCVD death were attributable to not achieving all the seven ideal CVH metrics. After adjusting effects of ideal health factors, having four ideal health behaviors could independently bring adults health benefits in preventing 17.4% of ASCVD, 18.0% of CHD, 16.7% of stroke, and 10.1% of ASCVD death. Among all the seven CVH metrics, to keep with ideal blood pressure (BP) implied the largest public health gains against various ASCVD events (PAR% between 33.0% and 47.2%), while ideal diet was the metric most difficult to be achieved in the long term. Our study indicates that the more ideal CVH metrics adults have, the less ASCVD burden there is in China. Special efforts of health education and behavior modification should be made on keeping ideal BP and dietary habits in general Chinese population to prevent the epidemic of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Dongshen Hu
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xigui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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59845
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Assadi F, Motlagh ME, Djalalinia S, Shahsavari A, Ziaodini H, Taheri M, Shafiee G, Aminianfar A, Esmaeili S, Aminaei T, Mansourian M, Heshmat R. Glomerular Hyperfiltration as Predictor of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents: The Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult-V Study. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 29619157 PMCID: PMC5869957 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_38_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of glomerular hyperfiltration and chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide in parallel with obesity hypertension epidemic. The effect of increases in glomerular filtrations (GFR) in children with metabolic syndrome has not been studied. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between GFR and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large sample of pediatric population. Methods In this nationwide survey, 3800 participants were selected by cluster random sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. Anthropometric measures, biochemical, and clinical parameters were measured. We also measured estimated GFR (eGFR) using the recently modified Schwartz equations and other known cardiometabolic risk factors such as elevated total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and obesity. Results The response rate was 91.5% (n = 3843). The mean and standard deviation (SD) (Mean ± SD) of eGFR for girls, boys, and total population were 96.71 ± 19.46, 96.49 ± 21.69, and 96.59 ± 20 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Overall, 38.7% of the participants did not have any cardiometabolic risk factor. In multivariate models, the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.02), elevated diastolic BP (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.08-2.02), elevated LDL-C (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07-1.70), and obesity (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.24-2.33) were significantly higher in participants with higher eGFR level than those with the lower level but not with low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60-0.88). Conclusions This study demonstrates an association between glomerular hyperfiltration and obesity-related hypertension in a large sample of the Iranian pediatric population, independently of other classical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnak Assadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahsavari
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Department of Health, Bureau of Health and Fitness, Ministry of Education and Training, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Department of Epidemiology, Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Esmaeili
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Aminaei
- Department of Epidemiology, Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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59846
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Prendergast EA, Perkins S, Engel ME, Cupido B, Francis V, Joachim A, Al Kebsi M, Bode-Thomas F, Damasceno A, Abul Fadl A, El Sayed A, Gitura B, Kennedy N, Ibrahim A, Mucumbitsi J, Adeoye AM, Musuku J, Okello E, Olunuga T, Sheta S, Mayosi BM, Zühlke LJ. Participation in research improves overall patient management: insights from the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease registry (REMEDY). Cardiovasc J Afr 2018; 29:98-105. [PMID: 29570206 PMCID: PMC6008904 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major public health problem in low– and middle–income countries (LMICs), with a paucity of high–quality trial data to improve patient outcomes. Investigators felt that involvement in a recent large, observational RHD study impacted positively on their practice, but this was poorly defined. Aim The purpose of this study was to document the experience of investigators and research team members from LMICs who participated in a prospective, multi–centre study, the global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (REMEDY), conducted in 25 centres in 14 countries from 2010 to 2012. Methods We conducted an online survey of site personnel to identify and quantify their experiences. Telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of respondents to gather additional qualitative data. We asked about their experiences, positive and negative, and about any changes in RHD management practices resulting from their participation in REMEDY as a registry site. Results The majority of respondents in both the survey and telephone interviews indicated that participation as a registry site improved their management of RHD patients. Administrative changes included increased attention to follow–up appointments and details in patient records. Clinical changes included increased use of penicillin prophylaxis, and more frequent INR monitoring and contraceptive counselling. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that participation in clinical research on RHD can have a positive impact on patient management. Furthermore, REMEDY has led to increased patient awareness and improved healthcare workers’ knowledge and efficiency in caring for RHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Prendergast
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Perkins
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M E Engel
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Cupido
- Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - V Francis
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Joachim
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Al Kebsi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah, Cardiac Centre, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - F Bode-Thomas
- Departments of Paediatrics, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - A Damasceno
- Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - A Abul Fadl
- Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A El Sayed
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - B Gitura
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N Kennedy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University, Belfast; Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Ireland
| | - A Ibrahim
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - J Mucumbitsi
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - A M Adeoye
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J Musuku
- University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - E Okello
- Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - T Olunuga
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S Sheta
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - B M Mayosi
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dean of Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L J Zühlke
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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59847
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Sabariego C, Coenen M, Ito E, Fheodoroff K, Scaratti C, Leonardi M, Vlachou A, Stavroussi P, Brecelj V, Kovačič DS, Esteban E. Effectiveness of Integration and Re-Integration into Work Strategies for Persons with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review of European Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030552. [PMID: 29562715 PMCID: PMC5877097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to low employment rates associated to chronic conditions in Europe, it is essential to foster effective integration and re-integration into work strategies. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of strategies for integration and re-integration to work for persons with chronic diseases or with musculoskeletal disorders, implemented in Europe in the past five years. A systematic search was conducted in MedLine, PsycINFO, CDR-HTA, CDR-DARE and Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Overall, 32 relevant publications were identified. Of these, 21 were considered eligible after a methodological assessment and included. Positive changes in employment status, return to work and sick leave outcomes were achieved with graded sickness-absence certificates, part-time sick leave, early ergonomic interventions for back pain, disability evaluation followed by information and advice, and with multidisciplinary, coordinated and tailored return to work interventions. Additionally, a positive association between the co-existence of active labour market policies to promote employment and passive support measures (e.g., pensions or benefits) and the probability of finding a job was observed. Research on the evaluation of the effectiveness of strategies targeting integration and re-integration into work for persons with chronic health conditions needs, however, to be improved and strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sabariego
- Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth Ito
- Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Chiara Scaratti
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit; Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit; Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anastasia Vlachou
- Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece.
| | | | - Valentina Brecelj
- Development Centre for Vocational Rehabilitation, University Rehabilitation Institute Republic of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Dare S Kovačič
- Development Centre for Vocational Rehabilitation, University Rehabilitation Institute Republic of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Eva Esteban
- Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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59848
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Precision medicine screening using whole-genome sequencing and advanced imaging to identify disease risk in adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3686-3691. [PMID: 29555771 PMCID: PMC5889622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706096114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology are enabling evaluation for prevention and early detection of age-related chronic diseases associated with premature mortality, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. These diseases kill about one-third of men and one-quarter of women between the ages of 50 and 74 years old in the United States. We used whole-genome sequencing, advanced imaging, and other clinical testing to screen 209 active, symptom-free adults. We identified a broad set of complementary age-related chronic disease risks associated with premature mortality. Reducing premature mortality associated with age-related chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is an urgent priority. We report early results using genomics in combination with advanced imaging and other clinical testing to proactively screen for age-related chronic disease risk among adults. We enrolled active, symptom-free adults in a study of screening for age-related chronic diseases associated with premature mortality. In addition to personal and family medical history and other clinical testing, we obtained whole-genome sequencing (WGS), noncontrast whole-body MRI, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), global metabolomics, a new blood test for prediabetes (Quantose IR), echocardiography (ECHO), ECG, and cardiac rhythm monitoring to identify age-related chronic disease risks. Precision medicine screening using WGS and advanced imaging along with other testing among active, symptom-free adults identified a broad set of complementary age-related chronic disease risks associated with premature mortality and strengthened WGS variant interpretation. This and other similarly designed screening approaches anchored by WGS and advanced imaging may have the potential to extend healthy life among active adults through improved prevention and early detection of age-related chronic diseases (and their risk factors) associated with premature mortality.
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59849
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Li X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wang P, Zhang Y. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030375. [PMID: 29562681 PMCID: PMC5872793 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have indicated an inverse association between vitamin D levels and the risk of diabetes, yet evidence from population interventions remains inconsistent. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to September 2017. Data from studies regarding serum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were pooled. Twenty studies (n = 2703) were included in the meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in serum 25(OH)D levels (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 33.98; 95%CI: 24.60-43.37) and HOMA-IR (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.57; 95%CI: -1.09~-0.04), but not in other outcomes. However, preferred changes were observed in subgroups as follows: short-term (WMDFBG = -8.44; 95%CI: -12.72~-4.15), high dose (WMDFBG = -8.70; 95%CI: -12.96~-4.44), non-obese (SMDFasting insulin = -1.80; 95%CI: -2.66~-0.95), Middle Easterners (WMDFBG = -10.43; 95%CI: -14.80~-6.06), baseline vitamin D deficient individuals (WMDFBG = -5.77; 95%CI: -10.48~-1.05) and well-controlled HbA1c individuals (WMDFBG = -4.09; 95%CI: -15.44~7.27). Vitamin D supplementation was shown to increase serum 25(OH)D and reduce insulin resistance effectively. This effect was especially prominent when vitamin D was given in large doses and for a short period of time, and to patients who were non-obese, Middle Eastern, vitamin D deficient, or with optimal glycemic control at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yingdong Zheng
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Peiyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yumei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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59850
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Dignass A, Farrag K, Stein J. Limitations of Serum Ferritin in Diagnosing Iron Deficiency in Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Chronic Dis 2018; 2018:9394060. [PMID: 29744352 PMCID: PMC5878890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9394060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high rates of iron deficiency with adverse clinical consequences. Under normal circumstances, serum ferritin levels are a sensitive marker for iron status but ferritin is an acute-phase reactant that becomes elevated in response to inflammation, complicating the diagnosis. Proinflammatory cytokines also trigger an increase in hepcidin, which restricts uptake of dietary iron and promotes sequestration of iron by ferritin within storage sites. Patients with inflammatory conditions may thus have restricted availability of iron for erythropoiesis and other cell functions due to increased hepcidin expression, despite normal or high levels of serum ferritin. The standard threshold for iron deficiency (<30 μg/L) therefore does not apply and transferrin saturation (TSAT), a marker of iron availability, should also be assessed. A serum ferritin threshold of <100 μg/L or TSAT < 20% can be considered diagnostic for iron deficiency in CHF, CKD, and IBD. If serum ferritin is 100-300 μg/L, TSAT < 20% is required to confirm iron deficiency. Routine surveillance of serum ferritin and TSAT in these at-risk groups is advisable so that iron deficiency can be detected and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dignass
- Department of Medicine 1, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Goethe University, 60431 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karima Farrag
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, DGD Clinics Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, DGD Clinics Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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