601
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Jing Cao, Zhang G, Liu Z, Xu Q, Li C, Cheng G, Shi R. Peroxidasin promotes diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by advanced glycation end products via NOX2/HOCl/Akt/eNOS pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102031. [PMID: 34116361 PMCID: PMC8192873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOX) plays an essential role in advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction. Peroxidasin (PXDN, VPO1) is one member of peroxidases family that catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). This present study aimed to elucidate the role of PXDN in promoting vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by AGEs in diabetes mellitus. We found that, compared to non-diabetic (db/m) mice, PXDN expression was notably increased in db/db mice with impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Knockdown of PXDN in vivo through tail vein injection of siRNA restored the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation function of db/db mice which is accompanied with up-regulation of eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation and NO production. AGEs significantly elevated expression of PXDN and 3-Cl-Tyr, but decreased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and NO release in HUVECs. All these effects induced by AGEs were remarkable alleviated by silencing PXDN with small interfering RNAs. In addition, HOCl treatment alone as well as HOCl added with Akt inhibitor MK2206 inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, reducing NO production. More importantly,AGEs-induced up-regulation of PXDN and 3-Cl-Tyr with endothelial dysfunction were transformed by NOX2 silencing and H2O2 scavengers. Thus, these results support the conclusion that PXDN promotes AGEs-induced diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction by attenuating eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 via NOX2/HOCl/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China.
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 41008, Changsha, China.
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA.
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 41008, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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602
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Ye S, Zhai L, Hu H, Tan M, Du S. BoxCar increases the depth and reproducibility of diabetic urinary proteome analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 15:e2000092. [PMID: 33929778 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mass spectrometry-based proteomics performs well in high throughput detection of urinary proteins. Nonetheless, protein identification depth and reproducibility remain the challenges in diabetic urinary proteome with high complexity and broad dynamic range, especially for low-abundant proteins. As a new data acquisition strategy, the BoxCar method was reported to benefit for low-abundant protein identification. Whether it is propitious to diabetic samples with high dynamic range proteomes has not been discussed yet. We aimed to apply BoxCar method to diabetic urine sample analysis, and to compare it with standard data dependent acquisition (DDA) method on protein identification in detail. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed seven technical replicates analysis on two urine samples from healthy individuals and diabetic patients to evaluate protein detection of BoxCar and standard DDA methods on single sample. Further comparison of two methods was made on multiple diabetic urine samples. RESULTS BoxCar could increase over 20% of identified proteins and performed better quantitative reproducibility than standard DDA method either in single or multiple diabetic urinary samples. BoxCar also improved the detection of low-abundant proteins. Functional enrichment analysis of normal albuminuria or microalbuminuria samples indicated that BoxCar acquired more diabetes-related biological information. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study demonstrates that BoxCar could enhance the depth and reproducibility in diabetic urinary proteome analysis, which provides reference for mass spectrometry approach selection in clinical urinary proteomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichun Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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603
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Wang D, Liu J, Jiang H. Triclosan regulates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway through the PI3K/Akt/JNK signaling cascade to induce oxidative damage in neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1953-1964. [PMID: 34160118 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, is recognized as an environmental endocrine disruptor. TCS has caused a wide range of environmental, water and soil pollution. TCS is also still detected in food. Due to its high lipophilicity and stability, TCS can enter the human body through biological enrichment and potentially threatenes human health. In recent years, the neurotoxic effects caused by TCS contamination have attracted increasing attention. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism underlying TCS-induced HT-22 cells injury and to explore the effect of TCS on the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in HT-22 cells. In this study, we examined the adverse effects of TCS treatment on ROS generation, and MDA, GSH-Px, and SOD activities. The expression levels of proteins in the Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, MAPK pathways and Caspase-3, BAX, Bcl-2 were measured and quantified by Western blotting. The results showed that TCS could significantly reduce the activity of HT-22 cells, increase the production of intracellular ROS and upregulate the expression of proapoptotic proteins. In addition, TCS promoted an increase in the MDA and SOD levels, and downregulated the GSH-Px activity, and oxidative damage occurred in neurons. The mechanism underlying this toxicity was related to TCS-induced PI3K/Akt/JNK-mediated regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This result was further confirmed by the specific inhibitors LY294002 and SP600125. In summary, TCS could induce oxidative damage in HT-22 neurons, and activation of the PI3K/Akt/JNK/ Nrf2 /HO-1 signaling cascade was the main mechanism underlying the TCS-induced HT-22 neuronal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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604
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Mir R, Elfaki I, Duhier FMA, Alotaibi MA, AlAlawy AI, Barnawi J, Babakr AT, Mir MM, Mirghani H, Hamadi A, Dabla PK. Molecular Determination of mirRNA-126 rs4636297, Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1-Gene Variability rs7713645, rs706713 (Tyr73Tyr), rs3730089 (Met326Ile) and Their Association with Susceptibility to T2D. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090861. [PMID: 34575638 PMCID: PMC8469127 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar. It has serious complications and socioeconomic impact. The MicroRNAs are short single-stranded and non-coding RNA molecules. They regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels. They are important for many physiological processes including metabolism, growth, and others. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is important for insulin signaling and glucose uptake. The genome wide association studies have identified the association of certain loci with diseases including T2D. In this study we have examined the association of miR126 rs4636297 and Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) gene Variations rs7713645, rs706713 (Tyr73Tyr), and rs3730089 (Met326Ile) with T2D using the amplification refractory mutation system PCR. Results indicated that there was a significant different (p-value < 0.05) in the Mir126 rs4636297 genotypes distribution between cases and controls, and the minor allele of the rs4636297 was also associated with T2D with OR = 0.58, p-value < 0.05. In addition results showed that there were significant differences (p-value < 0.05) of rs4636297 genotype distribution of patients with normal and patient with abnormal lipid profile. Results also showed that the PIK3R1 rs7713645 and rs3730089 genotype distribution was significantly different between cases and controls with a p-values < 0.05. In addition, the minor allele of the rs7713645 and rs3730089 were associated with T2D with OR = 0.58, p-value < 0.05. We conclude that the Mir126 rs4636297 and PIK3R1 SNPs (rs7713645 and rs3730089) were associated with T2D. These results need verification in future studies with larger sample sizes and in different populations. Protein-protein interaction and enzyme assay studies are also required to uncover the effect of the SNPs on the PI3K regulatory subunit (PI3KR1) and PI3K catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (J.B.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (I.E.); (F.M.A.D.)
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (I.E.); (F.M.A.D.)
| | - Faisel M. Abu Duhier
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (J.B.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (I.E.); (F.M.A.D.)
| | - Maeidh A. Alotaibi
- King Faisal Medical Complex Department of Training, Research and Academic Affairs, P.O. Box 2775, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel Ibrahim AlAlawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jameel Barnawi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 57039, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61992, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hyder Mirghani
- Internal Medicine and Endocrine, Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar Dabla
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (GIPMER), Associated to Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi 110002, India;
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605
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Zheng H, Liu H, Xu Q, Wang W, Li L, Ye G, Wen X, Chen F, Yu Y. PI3K Plays an Essential Role in Planarian Regeneration and Tissue Maintenance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649656. [PMID: 34422792 PMCID: PMC8377419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays a central role in various biological processes, and its abnormality leads to a broad spectrum of human diseases, such as cancer, fibrosis, and immunological disorders. However, the mechanisms by which PI3K signaling regulates the behavior of stem cells during regeneration are poorly understood. Planarian flatworms possess abundant adult stem cells (called neoblasts) allowing them to develop remarkable regenerative capabilities, thus the animals represent an ideal model for studying stem cells and regenerative medicine in vivo. In this study, the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Djpi3k, a PI3K ortholog in the planarian Dugesia japonica, was investigated and suggests its potential role in wound response and tissue regeneration. A loss-of-function study was conducted using small molecules and RNA interference technique, providing evidence that PI3K signaling is required for blastema regrowth and cilia maintenance during planarian regeneration and homeostasis. Interestingly, the mitotic and apoptotic responses to amputation are substantially abated in PI3K inhibitor-treated regenerating animals, while knockdown of Djpi3k alleviates the mitotic response and postpones the peak of apoptotic cell death, which may contribute to the varying degrees of regenerative defects induced by the pharmacological and genetic approaches. These observations reveal novel roles for PI3K signaling in the regulation of the cellular responses to amputation during planarian regeneration and provide insights for investigating the disease-related genes in the regeneration-competent organism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Zheng
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Wen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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606
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Flowers E, Allen IE, Kanaya AM, Aouizerat BE. Circulating MicroRNAs predict glycemic improvement and response to a behavioral intervention. Biomark Res 2021; 9:65. [PMID: 34425916 PMCID: PMC8383422 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs may be important regulators of risk for type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to assess whether circulating microRNAs predicted improvements in fasting blood glucose, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, over 12 months. Methods The study included participants (n = 82) from a previously completed trial that tested the effect of restorative yoga on individuals with prediabetes. Circulating microRNAs were measured using a flow cytometry miRNA assay. Linear models were used to determine the optimal sets of microRNA predictors overall and by intervention group. Results Subsets of microRNAs were significant predictors of final fasting blood glucose after 12-months (R2 = 0.754, p < 0.001) and changes in fasting blood glucose over 12-months (R2 = 0.731, p < 0.001). Three microRNAs (let-7c, miR-363, miR-374b) were significant for the control group only, however there was no significant interaction by intervention group. Conclusions Circulating microRNAs are significant predictors of fasting blood glucose in individuals with prediabetes. Among the identified microRNAs, several have previously been associated with risk for type 2 diabetes. This is one of the first studies to use a longitudinal design to assess whether microRNAs predict changes in fasting blood glucose over time. Further exploration of the function of the microRNAs included in these models may provide new insights about the complex etiology of type 2 diabetes and responses to behavioral risk reduction interventions. Trial registration This study was a secondary analysis of a previously completed clinical trial that is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01024816) on December 3, 2009. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-021-00317-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, #605L, CA, 94143-0610, San Francisco, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, #605L, CA , 94143-0610, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Isabel Elaine Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, USA
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607
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Insulin Signal Transduction Perturbations in Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168590. [PMID: 34445300 PMCID: PMC8395322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread medical condition, characterized by high blood glucose and inadequate insulin action, which leads to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in insulin-responsive tissues precedes the onset of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Multiple molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a consequence of a complex combination of metabolic disorders, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and inflammation. There is ample evidence linking different mechanistic approaches as the cause of insulin resistance, but no central mechanism is yet described as an underlying reason behind this condition. This review combines and interlinks the defects in the insulin signal transduction pathway of the insulin resistance state with special emphasis on the AGE-RAGE-NF-κB axis. Here, we describe important factors that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance to provide directionality for the events. The interplay of inflammation and oxidative stress that leads to β-cell decline through the IAPP-RAGE induced β-cell toxicity is also addressed. Overall, by generating a comprehensive overview of the plethora of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance, we focus on the establishment of unifying mechanisms to provide new insights for the future interventions of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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608
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Di S, Han L, An X, Kong R, Gao Z, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhang P, Ding Q, Wu H, Wang H, Zhao L, Tong X. In silico network pharmacology and in vivo analysis of berberine-related mechanisms against type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114180. [PMID: 33957209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Berberine (BBR), extracted from the traditional medicinal plant Coptis chinensis Franch., has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying BBR therapeutic effect on T2DM and its complications by in silico network pharmacology and experimental in vivo validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A predictive network depicting the relationship between BBR and T2DM was designed based on information collected from several databases, namely STITCH, CHEMBL, PharmMapper, TTD, Drugbank, and PharmGKB. Identified overlapping targets related to both BBR and T2DM were crossed with information on biological processes (BPs) and molecular/signaling pathways using the DAVID platform and Cytoscape software. Three candidate targets identified with the BBR-T2DM network (RXRA, KCNQ1 and NR3C1) were evaluated in the C57BL/6J mouse model of T2DM. The mice were treated with BBR or metformin for 10 weeks. Weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance, and expression levels of the three targets were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 31 targets of BBR that were also related to T2DM were identified, of which 14 had already been reported in previous studies. Furthermore, these 31 overlapping targets were enriched in 21 related BPs and 18 pathways involved in T2DM treatment. The identified BP-target-pathway network revealed the underlying mechanisms of BBR antidiabetic activity were mediated by core targets such as RXRA, KCNQ1, and NR3C1. In vivo experiments further confirmed that treatment with BBR significantly reduced weight and FBG and alleviated insulin resistance in T2DM mice. Moreover, BBR treatment promoted RXRA expression, whereas it reduced KCNQ1 and NR3C1 expression in the liver. CONCLUSION Using network pharmacology and a T2DM mouse model, this study revealed that BBR can effectively prevent T2DM symptoms through vital targets and multiple signaling pathways. Network pharmacology provides an efficient, time-saving approach for therapeutic research and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Di
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Laboratory of Molecular and Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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609
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Chung I, Kim SA, Kim S, Lee JO, Park CY, Lee J, Kang J, Lee JY, Seo I, Lee HJ, Han JA, Kang MJ, Lim E, Kim SJ, Wu SW, Oh JY, Chung JH, Kim EK, Kim HS, Shin MJ. Biglycan reduces body weight by regulating food intake in mice and improves glucose metabolism through AMPK/AKT dual pathways in skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21794. [PMID: 34314059 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002039rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While biglycan (BGN) is suggested to direct diverse signaling cascades, the effects of soluble BGN as a ligand on metabolic traits have not been studied. Herein, we tested the effects of BGN on obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals and glucose metabolism, with the underlying mechanism responsible for observed effects in vitro. Our results showed that BGN administration (1 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) significantly prevented HFD-induced obesity, and this was mainly attributed to reduced food intake. Also, intracerebroventricular injection of BGN reduced food intake and body weight. The underlying mechanism includes modulation of neuropeptides gene expression involved in appetite in the hypothalamus in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BGN regulates glucose metabolism as shown by improved glucose tolerance in mice as well as AMPK/AKT dual pathway-driven enhanced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in L6 myoblast cells. In conclusion, our results suggest BGN as a potential therapeutic target to treat risk factors for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- InHyeok Chung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolsong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhyeok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice Lim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Wu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Oh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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610
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Huang SJ, Chen SQ, Lin Y, Yang HY, Ran J, Yan FF, Huang M, Liu XL, Hong LC, Zhang XD, Lyu GR, Wang ZX, Su YM. Maternal nicotine exposure aggravates metabolic associated fatty liver disease via PI3K/Akt signaling in adult offspring mice. Liver Int 2021; 41:1867-1878. [PMID: 33894105 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) on the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adulthood offspring and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Pregnant mice (n = 22) were subcutaneously injected with either saline vehicle (n = 11) or nicotine (n = 11) twice a day on gestational days 11-21. Offspring mice (n = 176) from both groups were weaned at postnatal day 21, and for 6 months after postnatal day 21, 96 mice were fed either a standard chow diet (n = 48) or a high-fat diet (n = 48). Serum lipid indicators, liver function indicators, insulin, and liver mitochondrial respiration were analyzed. The expression levels of fibrosis-related proteins, phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated Akt, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) were detected in the liver by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS MNE significantly decreased the weight of both maternal and offspring mice (~30%) and inhibited organ growth in offspring mice (P < .05). MNE also significantly increased serum levels of total bile acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, and insulin while decreasing serum high-density lipoprotein levels and mitochondrial respiration activity in mice fed either the normal diet or high-fat diet (all P < .05). These effects of MNE on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance were mediated via PI3K and Akt phosphorylation and down-regulation of SREBP1c and PPAR-α. CONCLUSION Our data indicate MNE induces lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance to promote MAFLD progression in adult offspring through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and suppression of SREBP1c and PPARα protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yi Yang
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Ran
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang-Fang Yan
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian-Lan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long-Cheng Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-Rong Lyu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Xiang Wang
- Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Ming Su
- Department of Ultrasound, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
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611
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Chen X, Zhabyeyev P, Azad AK, Vanhaesebroeck B, Grueter CE, Murray AG, Kassiri Z, Oudit GY. Pharmacological and cell-specific genetic PI3Kα inhibition worsens cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:17-30. [PMID: 33887328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PI3Kα (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase α) regulates multiple downstream signaling pathways controlling cell survival, growth, and proliferation and is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer and obesity. The clinically-approved PI3Kα inhibitor, BYL719, is in further clinical trials for cancer and overgrowth syndrome. However, the potential impact of PI3Kα inhibition on the heart and following myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. We aim to determine whether PI3Kα inhibition affects cardiac physiology and post-MI remodeling and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Wildtype (WT) 12-wk old male mice receiving BYL719 (daily, p.o.) for 10 days showed reduction in left ventricular longitudinal strain with normal ejection fraction, weight loss, mild cardiac atrophy, body composition alteration, and prolonged QTC interval. RNASeq analysis showed gene expression changes in multiple pathways including extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling complexes. After MI, both p110α and phospho-Akt protein levels were increased in human and mouse hearts. Pharmacological PI3Kα inhibition aggravated cardiac dysfunction and resulted in adverse post-MI remodeling, with increased apoptosis, elevated inflammation, suppressed hypertrophy, decreased coronary blood vessel density, and inhibited Akt/GSK3β/eNOS signaling. Selective genetic ablation of PI3Kα in endothelial cells was associated with worsened post-MI cardiac function and reduced coronary blood vessel density. In vitro, BYL719 suppressed Akt/eNOS activation, cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenic sprouting in coronary and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cardiomyocyte-specific genetic PI3Kα ablation resulted in mild cardiac systolic dysfunction at baseline. After MI, cardiac function markedly deteriorated with increased mortality concordant with greater apoptosis and reduced hypertrophy. In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, BYL719 decreased hypoxia-associated activation of Akt/GSK3β signaling and cell survival. CONCLUSIONS PI3Kα is required for cell survival (endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes) hypertrophic response, and angiogenesis to maintain cardiac function after MI. Therefore, PI3Kα inhibition that is used as anti-cancer treatment, can be cardiotoxic, especially after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Abul K Azad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Chad E Grueter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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612
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Miranda-Nuñez JE, Zamilpa-Alvarez A, Fortis-Barrera A, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Loza-Rodriguez H, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Salas-Silva S, Flores-Cruz M, Zavala-Sanchez MA, Blancas-Flores G. GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes by an antihyperglycemic flavone from Tillandsia usneoides. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153622. [PMID: 34161895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is characterized by deregulation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with a very high mortality rate. Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT4) plays a crucial role in T2D and represents a therapeutic target of interest. Tillandsia usneoides (T. usneoides) is a plant used as a remedy for diabetes. T. usneoides decreased blood glucose in different experimental models. However, the involvement of GLUT4 in this effect has not yet been explored. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether any component in T. usneoides might participate in the effect on blood glucose through a bioassay-guided fractionation, testing its potential antihyperglycemic effect in mice, as well as its influence on GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. METHODS The aqueous extract and the Ethyl Acetate fraction (TU-AcOEt) of T. usneoides were evaluated in a hypoglycemic activity bioassay and in the glucose tolerance test in CD-1 mice. TU-AcOEt was fractionated, obtaining five fractions that were studied in an additional glucose tolerance test. C1F3 was fractioned again, and its fractions (C2F9-12, C2F22-25, and C2F38-44) were examined by HPLC. The C2F38-44 fraction was analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (MS) and subjected to additional fractionation. The fraction C3F6-9 was explored by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), resulting in 5,7,4´-trihydroxy-3,6,3´,5´-tetramethoxyflavone (Flav1). Subsequently, a viability test was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Flav1 and fractions C2F9-12, C2F22-25. C2F38-44, and C3F30-41 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes. Confocal microscopy was also performed to assess the effect of Flav1 and fractions on GLUT4 translocation. RESULTS The TU-AcOEt fraction exhibited a hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in mice, and its fractionation resulted in five fractions, among which fraction C1F3 decreased blood glucose. MS and NMR analysis revealed the presence of Flav1. Finally, Flav1 significantly promoted the translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION To date, Flav1 has not been reported to have activity in GLUT4; this study provides evidence that T. usneoides is a plant with the potential to develop novel therapeutic agents for the control of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa-Alvarez
- Departamento de Fitoquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Angeles Fortis-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hilda Loza-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Soraya Salas-Silva
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria Flores-Cruz
- Departamento el Hombre y su Ambiente, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Angel Zavala-Sanchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, México.
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613
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Dipta P, Sarsenbayeva A, Shmuel M, Forno F, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Abalo XM, Wabitsch M, Thaysen-Andersen M, Tirosh B. Macrophage-derived secretome is sufficient to confer olanzapine-mediated insulin resistance in human adipocytes. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100073. [PMID: 35757056 PMCID: PMC9216267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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614
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Li L, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Ye C. Mutant Huntingtin Impairs Pancreatic β-cells by Recruiting IRS-2 and Disturbing the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway in Huntington's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2646-2658. [PMID: 34331233 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Huntington's disease (HD) have an increased incidence of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction have not been entirely clarified. Revealing the pathogenesis of diabetes can provide a novel understanding of the onset and progression of HD, as well as potential clues for the development of new therapeutics. Here, we demonstrated that the mouse pancreatic insulinoma cell line NIT-1 expressing N-terminal mutant huntingtin (mHTT) containing 160 polyglutamine (160Q cells) displayed lower cell proliferative ability than the cells expressing N-terminal wild-type HTT containing 20 polyglutamine (20Q cells). In addition, 160Q cells were more prone to apoptosis and exhibited deficient glucose-stimulated insulin expression and secretion. Furthermore, insulin signaling molecule insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) expression decreased and was recruited into mHTT aggregates. Consequently, glucose stimulation failed to activate the downstream molecule phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) in 160Q cells, leading to reduced phosphorylation levels of serine-threonine protein kinase AKT and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1). These data indicate that activation of the glucose-stimulated PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling pathway is significantly blocked in pancreatic β-cells in HD. Importantly, insulin treatment inhibited the aggregation of mHTT and significantly improved the activation of PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling in 160Q cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway might be due to the recruitment of IRS-2 into mHTT aggregates in HD β-cells, ultimately contributing to the impairment of pancreatic β-cells. In conclusion, our work provides new insight into the underlying mechanisms of the high incidence of diabetes and abnormal glucose homeostasis in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. of China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. of China
| | - Yinong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. of China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. of China
| | - Cuifang Ye
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. of China.
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615
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Yi L, Liu J, Deng M, Zuo H, Li M. Emodin inhibits viability, proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-244-5p/DEGS1 axis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:252. [PMID: 34332565 PMCID: PMC8325255 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of emodin on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia and to explore the underling molecular mechanisms. METHODS PASMCs were cultured in a hypoxic environment (1% oxygen) and then treated with emodin. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, EdU staining assay, western blot and Mito-tracker red CMXRos and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. The microRNA (miRNA)/mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Based on transcriptomics and proteomics were used to identify potential signaling pathways. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to examine the interaction between miR-244-5p and DEGS1. RESULTS Emodin at 40 and 160 µM concentration-dependently suppressed cell viability, proliferation and migration, but enhanced cell apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that emodin could attenuate the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling in PASMCs under hypoxia. In addition, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1) was found to be a direct target of miR-244-5p. Emodin could significantly up-regulated miR-244-5p expression and down-regulated DEGS1 expression in PASMCs under hypoxia. Furthermore, emodin-mediated effects on cell viability, migration, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signaling activity of PASMCs under hypoxia were significantly attenuated by miR-244-5p knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that emodin suppressed cell viability, proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia via modulating miR-244-5p-mediated DEGS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. MiR-244-5p/DEGS1 axis was initially investigated in this current study, which is expected to further the understanding of the etiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - JunFang Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong China
| | - Huihua Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong China
| | - Mingyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, NO. 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou, 510260 Guangdong China
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616
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Feroze K, Kaliyadan F. Targeted genetic and molecular therapies in neurofibromatosis - A review of present therapeutic options and a glimpse into the future. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 88:1-10. [PMID: 34379966 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_6_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1, the most common phakomatoses, can present with a host of signs and symptoms, usually involving the skin and the peripheral nervous system. It is characterized by a mutation in the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene on chromosome 17q11.2 that codes for the protein neurofibromin. Neurofibromin acts as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting rat sarcoma (Ras) activity and its deficiency leads to increased Ras activity, cellular proliferation and tumor formation. This review was conducted to analyze the various targeted therapies at the genetic and molecular level employed to manage the tumors and other clinical presentations associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Twenty-eight studies of treatment modalities for the conditions associated with neurofibromatosis and which involved either targeted gene therapy or molecular level therapies, including the latest advances, were included in this review. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition, mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibition and Tyrosine kinase inhibition, represent some of the newer treatment options in this category. Although there are a number of trials for providing therapeutic options at the genetic and molecular level for the various physical and psychological morbidities associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, most of them are in the preclinical stage. Increased clinical trials of the molecules and gene therapies could significantly help in managing the various chronic and sometimes, life-threatening conditions associated with neurofibromatosis 1 and these will probably represent the preferred treatment direction of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi Feroze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Al Azhar Medical College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Feroze Kaliyadan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dermatology, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Kerala, India
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617
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Niu B, Xie X, Xiong X, Jiang J. Network pharmacology-based analysis of the anti-hyperglycemic active ingredients of roselle and experimental validation. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:104636. [PMID: 34809966 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the top four leading causes of death among noncommunicable diseases worldwide, according to the World Hibiscus sabdariffa 2019. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a traditional herbal medicine, has shown significant clinical anti-hyperglycemic efficacy. However, the mechanism of the treatment is not yet clear. We found that Roselle has a certain protective effect on vascular endothelial cells through this study. This study was based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. The present study made a comprehensive analysis by combining active ingredient screening, target prediction and signaling pathway analysis to elucidate the active ingredients and possible molecular mechanism of roselle for the first time, which provided theoretical and experimental basis for the development and application of roselle as an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxuan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Collage of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453002, China.
| | - Xu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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618
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Xu Y, Huang J, Wang N, Tan HY, Zhang C, Li S, Tang G, Feng Y. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis and Experimental Exploration of Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:649606. [PMID: 34381354 PMCID: PMC8350346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.649606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and therapy options have been studied increasingly due to their rising incidence and prevalence. The trend of applying traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat T2DM is increasing as a crucial medical care for metabolic dysfunctions. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQL), a well-known classical TCM formula used in China, has been clinically applied to treat various types of chronic metabolic diseases. However, antidiabetic effects of GQL administration during T2DM have never been studied systematically. We assessed physiological and molecular targets associated with therapeutic effects of GQL by evaluating network topological characteristics. The GQL-related biological pathways are closely associated with antidiabetic effects, including the TNF and PI3K–AKT signaling pathways. Associated primary biological processes such as RNA polymerase II promoter transcription participate in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress reduction, and glucose metabolic process, thereby exerting multiple biological effects on the antidiabetic mechanism. Furthermore, our results showed that GQL can affect blood glycemic levels and ameliorate inflammatory symptoms, and liver and pancreas tissue injury in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that antidiabetic effects of GQL were associated with a modulation of the TNF and PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihan Huang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoyi Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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619
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Kim JH, Kim DH, Lim YH, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC. Childhood Obesity-Related Mechanisms: MicroRNome and Transcriptome Changes in a Nested Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080878. [PMID: 34440082 PMCID: PMC8389653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity could contribute to adulthood obesity, leading to adverse health outcomes in adults. However, the mechanisms for how obesity is developed are still unclear. To determine the epigenome-wide and genome-wide expression changes related with childhood obesity, we compared microRNome and transcriptome levels as well as leptin protein levels in whole bloods of 12 obese and 24 normal children aged 6 years. miR-328-3p, miR-1301-3p, miR-4685-3p, and miR-6803-3p were negatively associated with all obesity indicators. The four miRNAs were also associated with 3948 mRNAs, and separate 475 mRNAs (185 among 3948 mRNAs) were associated with all obesity indicators. The 2533 mRNAs (64.2%) among the 3948 mRNAs and 286 mRNAs (60.2%) among the 475 mRNAs were confirmed as targets of the four miRNAs in public databases through miRWalk 2.0. Leptin protein was associated with miR-6803-3p negatively and all obesity indicators positively. Using DAVID bioinformatics resources 6.8, top three pathways for obesity-related gene set were metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The top three obesity-related disease classes were metabolic, cardiovascular, and chemdependency. Our results support that childhood obesity could be developed through miRNAs-related epigenetic mechanism and, further, these obesity-related epigenetic changes could control the pathways related with the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Da Hae Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (C.H.S.); (Y.A.L.)
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (C.H.S.); (Y.A.L.)
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (Y.-C.H.)
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620
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Han B, Zhang L, Luo B, Ni Y, Bansal N, Zhou P. Comparison of milk fat globule membrane and whey proteome between Dromedary and Bactrian camel. Food Chem 2021; 367:130658. [PMID: 34343808 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Camel milk is rich in nutrients and its impact on human medicine and nutrition cannot be ignored. We conducted an in-depth analysis of milk proteins obtained from two camel breed (Camelus bactrianus, CB and Camelus dromedarius, CD). Label-free proteomic technology was performed to analysis the MFGM and whey proteomes of CB and CD milk. In total, 1133 MFGM proteins and 627 whey proteins were identified from camel milk. Results revealed that 216 MFGM proteins and 109 whey proteins were significantly different between them. In addition, the cellular process, cell and binding were the predominately GO annotations of milk proteins. KEGG analysis shown that most proteins were involved in metabolic pathways. Furthermore, many proteins were found to be involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which could be the possible reason for hypoglycemic effect of camel milk. These results could provide a further understanding for unique biological characteristics of camel milk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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621
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Obaroakpo JU, Nan W, Hao L, Liu L, Zhang S, Lu J, Pang X, Lv J. The hyperglycemic regulatory effect of sprouted quinoa yoghurt in high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice via glucose and lipid homeostasis. Food Funct 2021; 11:8354-8368. [PMID: 32930693 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have proposed that quinoa yoghurt (QY) has the anti-diabetic properties based on an in vitro study. Here, its antidiabetic activity was further validated by investigating its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic influence in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. The results showed that QY increased the body weights of and reduced the fasting blood glucose levels in T2DM mice. QY significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C, while it increased the HDL-C level. In addition, the hepatic glycogen content, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while lipid peroxidation was remarkably reduced. Sprouted QY had the highest influence on serum oxidation when compared with non-germinated QY. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, while the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Histopathological studies showed that QY protected the tissue structure of the liver of T2DM mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that QY increased AKT-2 and AMPK-α2 expressions, while it suppressed p85. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that QY exerted its hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects through the AKT/AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway. Germination significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the glucose and lipid homeostasis in T2DM mice in such a way that sprouted QY showed the highest hypoglycemic and cholesterol-lowering effects when compared with non-germinated QY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ujiroghene Obaroakpo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Wenlong Nan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Liyu Hao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Beijing Nutrition Resources Institute, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
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622
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Sahakian N, Cattieuw L, Ramillon-Cury C, Corroller ABL, Silvestre-Aillaud P, Béliard S, Valéro R. SGLT2 inhibitors as potentially helpful drugs in PI3K inhibitor-induced diabetes: a case report. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 34281618 PMCID: PMC8290528 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is the most common side-effect of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors that are approved for the treatment of some advanced or metastatic breast cancers. This side-effect is likely due to the central role of PI3K in insulin signalling. Here we report the use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to manage severe hyperglycemia. Case presentation We describe a 74-year-old woman who developed severe uncontrolled hyperglycemia after commencing alpelisib, a new oral PI3K inhibitor indicated for a metastatic breast cancer, despite taking oral anti-diabetic drugs, metformin and vildagliptin, combined with intravenous insulin infusion of up to 250 units/day. The introduction of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin rapidly improved blood glucose with a drastic reduction in insulin dosage, from 250 to 12 units/day, and without significant side-effects. Conclusions We report the successful management of hyperglycemia induced by alpelisib using a SGLT2 inhibitor without the need to discontinue effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sahakian
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Lauranne Cattieuw
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Clotilde Ramillon-Cury
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Bégu-Le Corroller
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Silvestre-Aillaud
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Béliard
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - René Valéro
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Service de Nutrition, Maladies Métaboliques Et Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de La Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France.
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623
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Tong L, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Liu J, Song Z, Yu M, Zhou C, Yu A. Tacrolimus inhibits insulin release and promotes apoptosis of Min6 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:658. [PMID: 34278483 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus is commonly used as a first‑line immunosuppressant in organ transplant recipients. Post‑transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication following kidney transplantation and is associated with immunosuppressant drugs, such as tacrolimus. PTDM caused by tacrolimus may be related to its influence on insulin secretion and insulin resistance. However, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway served an important role in the pathogenesis of PTDM induced by tacrolimus. In the present study, the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to measure the effect of tacrolimus on the viability of Min6 mouse insulinoma cells. The effects of tacrolimus on the insulin secretion and the activity of caspase‑3 of Min6 cells stimulated by glucose exposure were measured by ELISA. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using WST‑8 and thiobarbituric acid assays, respectively. The effects of tacrolimus on the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), whereas the protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, phosphorylated (p)‑AKT and p‑mTOR in Min6 cells were assessed using western blotting. The present data indicated that, compared with the control group, 5, 25 and 50 ng/ml tacrolimus treatment could inhibit the insulin secretion of Min6 cells stimulated by glucose solution, and 50 ng/ml tacrolimus could notably decrease the stimulation index (P<0.05). Moreover, 50 ng/ml tacrolimus markedly increased the activity of caspase‑3 by 175.1% (P<0.05), it also decreased the SOD activity (P<0.01) and increased MDA levels (P<0.05). The RT‑qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR were downregulated by 25 and 50 ng/ml tacrolimus (P<0.01). Furthermore, the western blotting results suggested that tacrolimus had no significant effects on the expression levels of total PI3K, Akt and mTOR proteins (P>0.05), but 25 and 50 ng/ml tacrolimus could significantly inhibit the expression levels of p‑Akt and p‑mTOR (P<0.01). In conclusion, tacrolimus decreased the activity and insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells and induced the apoptosis of islet β cells by inhibiting the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR and reducing the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which may ultimately lead to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, and may be considered as one of the specific mechanisms of PTDM caused by tacrolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Mengchen Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Chengrui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Airong Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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624
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Świderska E, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Czarny P, Szemraj J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. Chronic and Intermittent Hyperglycemia Modulates Expression of Key Molecules of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147712. [PMID: 34299331 PMCID: PMC8304829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its prominence in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, adipose tissue is a major target to investigate alterations in insulin action. This hormone activates PI3K/AKT pathway which is essential for glucose homeostasis, cell differentiation, and proliferation in insulin-sensitive tissues, like adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of chronic and intermittent high glucose on the expression of biomolecules of insulin signaling pathway during the differentiation and maturation of human visceral preadipocytes. Methods: Human visceral preadipocytes (HPA-V) cells were treated with high glucose (30 mM)during the proliferation and/or differentiation and/or maturation stage. The level of mRNA (by Real-Time PCR) and protein (by Elisa tests) expression of IRS1, PI3K, PTEN, AKT2, and GLUT4 was examined after each culture stage. Furthermore, we investigated whether miR-29a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-152-3p, miR-186-5p, miR-370-3p, and miR-374b-5p may affect the expression of biomolecules of the insulin signaling pathway. Results: Both chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia affects insulin signaling in visceral pre/adipocytes by upregulation of analyzed PI3K/AKT pathway molecules. Both mRNA and protein expression level is more dependent on stage-specific events than the length of the period of high glucose exposure. What is more, miRs expression changes seem to be involved in PI3K/AKT expression regulation in response to hyperglycemic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-693-843-960
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Hospital of Medical University, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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625
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Wickramasinghe ASD, Kalansuriya P, Attanayake AP. Herbal Medicines Targeting the Improved β-Cell Functions and β-Cell Regeneration for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:2920530. [PMID: 34335803 PMCID: PMC8298154 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2920530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing trend of investigating natural bioactive compounds targeting pancreatic β-cells for the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). With the exploration of multiple mechanisms by which β-cells involve in the pathogenesis of DM, herbal medicines are gaining attention due to their multitasking ability as evidenced by traditional medicine practices. This review attempts to summarize herbal medicines with the potential for improvement of β-cell functions and regeneration as scientifically proven by in vivo/in vitro investigations. Furthermore, attempts have been made to identify the mechanisms of improving the function and regeneration of β-cells by herbal medicines. Relevant data published from January 2009 to March 2020 were collected by searching electronic databases "PubMed," "ScienceDirect," and "Google Scholar" and studied for this review. Single herbal extracts, polyherbal mixtures, and isolated compounds derived from approximately 110 medicinal plants belonging to 51 different plant families had been investigated in recent years and found to be targeting β-cells. Many herbal medicines showed improvement of β-cell function as observed through homeostatic model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-β). Pancreatic β-cell regeneration as observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in terms of increase of size and number of functional β-cells was also prominent. Increasing β-cell mass via expression of genes/proteins related to antiapoptotic actions and β-cell neogenesis/proliferation, increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via activating glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) receptors, and/or increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels were observed upon treatment of some herbal medicines. Some herbal medicines acted on various insulin signaling pathways. Furthermore, many herbal medicines showed protective effects on β-cells via reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, there are many unexplored avenues. Thus, further investigations are warranted in elucidating mechanisms of improving β-cell function and mass by herbal medicines, their structure-activity relationship (SAR), and toxicities of these herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pabasara Kalansuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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626
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Zumbaugh MD, Yen CN, Bodmer JS, Shi H, Gerrard DE. Skeletal Muscle O-GlcNAc Transferase Action on Global Metabolism Is Partially Mediated Through Interleukin-15. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682052. [PMID: 34326778 PMCID: PMC8313823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its roles in locomotion and thermogenesis, skeletal muscle plays a significant role in global glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through complex nutrient sensing networks. Our previous work showed that the muscle-specific ablation of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) led to a lean phenotype through enhanced interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression. We also showed OGT epigenetically modified and repressed the Il15 promoter. However, whether there is a causal relationship between OGT ablation-induced IL-15 secretion and the lean phenotype remains unknown. To address this question, we generated muscle specific OGT and interleukin-15 receptor alpha subunit (IL-15rα) double knockout mice (mDKO). Deletion of IL-15rα in skeletal muscle impaired IL-15 secretion. When fed with a high-fat diet, mDKO mice were no longer protected against HFD-induced obesity compared to wild-type mice. After 22 weeks of HFD feeding, mDKO mice had an intermediate body weight and glucose sensitivity compared to wild-type and OGT knockout mice. Taken together, these data suggest that OGT action is partially mediated by muscle IL-15 production and provides some clarity into how disrupting the O-GlcNAc nutrient signaling pathway leads to a lean phenotype. Further, our work suggests that interfering with the OGT-IL15 nutrient sensing axis may provide a new avenue for combating obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Con-Ning Yen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jocelyn S Bodmer
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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627
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Zhang Y, Jin D, Kang X, Zhou R, Sun Y, Lian F, Tong X. Signaling Pathways Involved in Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696542. [PMID: 34327204 PMCID: PMC8314387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial metabolic change in the late stage of DKD, which is always considered to be complex and irreversible. In this review, we discuss the pathological mechanisms of diabetic renal fibrosis and discussed some signaling pathways that are closely related to it, such as the TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and Notch pathways. The cross-talks among these pathways were then discussed to elucidate the complicated cascade behind the tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Finally, we summarized the new drugs with potential therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis and listed related clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms and related pathways of renal fibrosis in DKD and to provide novel therapeutic intervention insights for clinical research to delay the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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628
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Durrani IA, Bhatti A, John P. The prognostic outcome of 'type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer' association pivots on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34225729 PMCID: PMC8259382 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer are complex, chronic, heterogeneous, and multi-factorial diseases; with common risk factors including but not limited to diet, obesity, and age. They also share mutually inclusive phenotypic features such as the metabolic deregulations resulting from hyperglycemia, hypoxic conditions and hormonal imbalances. Although, the association between diabetes and cancer has long been speculated; however, the exact molecular nature of this link remains to be fully elucidated. Both the diseases are leading causes of death worldwide and a causal relationship between the two if not addressed, may translate into a major global health concern. Previous studies have hypothesized hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, as some of the possible grounds for explaining how diabetes may lead to cancer initiation, yet further research still needs to be done to validate these proposed mechanisms. At the crux of this dilemma, hyperglycemia and hypoxia are two intimately related states involving an intricate level of crosstalk and hypoxia inducible factor 1, at the center of this, plays a key role in mediating an aggressive disease state, particularly in solid tumors such as breast cancer. Subsequently, elucidating the role of HIF1 in establishing the diabetes-breast cancer link on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis may not only provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the association but also, illuminate on the prognostic outcome of the therapeutic targeting of HIF1 signaling in diabetic patients with breast cancer or vice versa. Hence, this review highlights the critical role of HIF1 signaling in patients with both T2DM and breast cancer, potentiates its significance as a prognostic marker in comorbid patients, and further discusses the potential prognostic outcome of targeting HIF1, subsequently establishing the pressing need for HIF1 molecular profiling-based patient selection leading to more effective therapeutic strategies emerging from personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhaam Ayaz Durrani
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Peter John
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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629
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Wang CC, Chen HJ, Chan DC, Chiu CY, Liu SH, Lan KC. Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137228. [PMID: 34281282 PMCID: PMC8268984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Jen Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Center of Consultation, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-C.L.)
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630
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Wu N, Liu W, Wang J, Han Y, Ye Y, Liu X, Yu Y, Chen Q, Bao Y, Liu C. Berberine ameliorates neuronal AD-like change via activating Pi3k/PGCε pathway. Biofactors 2021; 47:587-599. [PMID: 33740285 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IR (insulin resistance) in diabetic brain gave rise to the generation of toxic factor Aβ42 and axon collapse which were the marker of AD (Alzheimer's disease)-like lesions in the circumstance of diabetes mellitus. But the underling molecular mechanism was not clear. Chronic HGHI (high glucose and high insulin) exposure accelerates IR has been reported in type II diabetes models. Berberine has been shown to promising effect for IR in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of berberine on HGHI-induced IR. HGHI-induced cells were used to mimic the hyperinsulinemia resulting in IR. Berberine was used to uncover the mechanisms for the treatment of hyperinsulinemia in IR model. Morris water maze (MWM), PET imaging, CCK8 assay, ELISA assay, glucose kits, microscopy, and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the protective effects of berberine. Berberine-improved HGHI-induced IR was correlated with the increase of glucose application in neurons. Meanwhile, the expressions of Pi3K, as well as GLUT3, PKCε, and APP were downregulated in the model, while p-IRS Ser307 was upregulated compared with Normal group. Fortunately, these scenes were reversed by berberine administration. Furthermore, berberine decreased GSK3β Y216 expressions, inhibited the production of oligomer Aβ42 and extended neuronal axon. The monomeric berberine treatment improves IR that may be involved in glucose effective application, rectifying the related proteins of the aberrant insulin pathway. Additionally, it suppressed the generation of Aβ42 and ameliorated neuron axon damage. Finally, berberine improves DM (diabetes mellitus)-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghua Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiufen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yongfen Bao
- Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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631
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Jin H, Oh HJ, Kim J, Lee KP, Han X, Lee OH, Lee BY. Effects of Ecklonia stolonifera extract on the obesity and skeletal muscle regeneration in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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632
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Wang H, Tan H, Zhan W, Song L, Zhang D, Chen X, Lin Z, Wang W, Yang Y, Wang L, Bei W, Guo J. Molecular mechanism of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology and validation in minipigs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114056. [PMID: 33771638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi formula (FTZ) of which a patented preparation of Chinese herbal medicine has been well documented with significant clinical curative effect for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Because of the complexity of the chemical constituents of Chinese herbal formulas, the holistic pharmacological mechanism of FTZ acting on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the pharmacological efficacy and mechanism of FTZ in the treatment of T2DM accompanied by NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and validation in minipigs were used in this study. First, potential bioactive compounds of FTZ were identified by the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology technology platform (TCMSP). Then, targets of compounds were gathered using DrugBank, SwissTargetPrediction and TCMSP, while targets for T2DM and NAFLD were collected from CTD (compounds-targets-diseases network) and GeneCards. Common targets were defined as direct therapeutic targets acting on T2DM with NAFLD. In addition, crucial targets were chosen by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and contribution to compound-therapeutic targets in T2DM with the NAFLD network. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the metabolism-related signaling pathways affected by FTZ. Candidate patterns selected by network pharmacology were tested in the minipigs model of T2DM with NAFLD. Measurements of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting insulin (FINS) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the blood and the expression levels of proteins, including PI3K-AKT and HIF-1α, in the livers of the minipigs were followed by the administration of FTZ. RESULTS A total of 116 active compounds and 82 potential targets related to T2DM and NAFLD were found. Pathway and functional enrichment analysis showed that FTZ mainly regulates metabolism-related pathways, including PI3K-AKT, HIF-1α, TNFα and MAPK. Animal experiments showed that FTZ treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and FBG, increased serum levels of HDL-C, ameliorated systemic insulin resistance (IR), and attenuated liver damage in minipigs with T2DM and NAFLD. FTZ treatment has an obviously favorable influence on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid accumulation in the histopathologic features of HE, Oil red O staining, and electron microscopy. Mechanistically, FTZ improved liver metabolism by increasing the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT and decreasing the expression of HIF-1α. CONCLUSION Network pharmacology was supported by experimental studies, which indicated that FTZ has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in T2DM and NAFLD by regulating the PI3K-AKT and HIF-1α signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Capsules
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypolipidemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Pharmacology/methods
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phytochemicals/analysis
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Haibo Tan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lixia Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ziyang Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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633
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Network Pharmacology Study to Interpret Signaling Pathways of Ilex cornuta Leaves against Obesity. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex cornuta Leaves (ICLs) are a representative and traditional prescription for controlling obesity. Nevertheless, the corresponding therapeutic compounds and related pharmacological mechanisms of such medication remain undocumented. The compounds from ICLs were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), and SwissADME confirmed their physicochemical properties. Next, the target proteins related to compounds or obesity-associated proteins were retrieved from public databases. RPackage constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, a bubble chart, and signaling pathways–target proteins–compounds (STC) network. Lastly, a molecular docking test (MDT) was performed to evaluate the affinity between target proteins and ligands from ICLs. GC-MS detected a total of 51 compounds from ICLs. The public databases identified 219 target proteins associated with selective compounds, 3028 obesity-related target proteins, and 118 overlapping target proteins. Moreover, the STC network revealed 42 target proteins, 22 signaling pathways, and 39 compounds, which were viewed to be remedially significant. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway was considered a key signaling pathway from the bubble chart. In parallel, the MDT identified three target proteins (IL6, MAPK1, and CASP1) on the NLR signaling pathway and four compounds against obesity. Overall, four compounds from ICLs might show anti-obesity synergistic efficacy by inactivating the NLR signaling pathway.
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634
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Martina SJ, Lelo A, Lindarto D, Ganie RA, Ichwan M, Yusuf H, Ilyas S, Nasution IP. The Effect of Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract (Coffea arabica L.) on Increased PI3K Serum Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rat. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coffee arabica gayo leaf extract (Coffea arabica L.) contains polyphenols (chlorogenic acid), flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids which improved PI3K serum levels in rats type 2 diabetic rat.
AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract (C. arabica L.) on increased PI3K serum levels in type-2 diabetic rat (Rattus norvegicus).
METHODS: Thirty-five male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetic induced a combination of feeding a high-fat diet for 5 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were randomly divided into seven groups which consist of group without type 2 diabetic, group without type 2 diabetic with dose 250 mg/kg/day Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract, group with type 2 diabetic without intervention, group with type 2 diabetic with metformin, and group with type 2 diabetic with Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract doses 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg/day. The extract was administered orally for 30 days. Subsequently, PI3K serum levels were measure by Sandwich Elisa.
RESULTS: There were significantly higher PI3K serum levels in the treatment groups than in the control groups (p = 0.037) after giving Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract 200 mg/kg/day and 250 mg/kg/day to rats for 30 days.
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that Coffee Arabica Gayo Leaf Extract can improve PI3K serum levels in a rat model type 2 diabetic.
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635
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Chen HJ, Ko CY, Xu JH, Huang YC, Wu JSB, Shen SC. Alleviative Effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on Insulin Resistance and Abnormal Lipid Accumulation in TNF- α-Treated FL83B Mouse Hepatocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:9967910. [PMID: 34257694 PMCID: PMC8249146 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, and most patients with T2DM develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Both diseases are closely linked to insulin resistance (IR). Our previous studies demonstrated that Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) extract significantly enhanced glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles and ameliorated hyperglycemia and IR in T2DM rats. We proposed that RTL might be via enhancing hepatic antioxidant capacity. However, the potent RTL bioactivity remains unidentified. In this study, we investigated the effects of RTL on glucose uptake, IR, and lipid accumulation in vitro to mimic the T2DM accompanied by the NAFLD paradigm. FL83B mouse hepatocytes were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to induce IR, coincubated with oleic acid (OA) to induce lipid accumulation, and then, treated with RTL fractions, fractionated with n-hexane or ethyl acetate (EA), from column chromatography, and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Our results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAf2) from RTL significantly increased glucose uptake and suppressed lipid accumulation in TNF-α plus OA-treated FL83B cells. Western blot analysis showed that EAf2 from RTL ameliorated IR by upregulating the expression of insulin-signaling-related proteins, including protein kinase B, glucose transporter-2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in TNF-α plus OA-treated FL83B cells. The results of this study suggest that EAf2 from RTL may improve hepatic glucose uptake and alleviate lipid accumulation by ameliorating and suppressing the hepatic insulin signaling and lipogenesis pathways, respectively, in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Chen
- Department of Nutrition, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yu-Chu Huang
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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636
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Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126444. [PMID: 34208589 PMCID: PMC8233804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.
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637
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Lu YK, Chu X, Wang S, Sun Y, Zhang J, Dong J, Yan YX. Identification of Circulating hsa_circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891 as Novel Biomarkers for Detection of Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2688-e2699. [PMID: 33608702 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are involved in the development of diseases by regulating gene expression, have become promising novel biomarkers for diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to identify the circulating circRNA biomarkers for early detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The circRNA expression profiles were screened by microarray and compared between 5 new T2D cases and 5 healthy controls. The expression of candidate circRNAs that may be involved in the insulin phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway were validated by RT-qPCR in a second sample with 30 T2D cases and 30 controls. The association between circRNAs and T2D and their clinical significances were further assessed by logistic regression model, correlation analysis, and ROC curve in a large cohort comprising 313 subjects. The microRNA (miRNA) targets of circRNAs were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Low expressed circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891 were independent predictors of T2D, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and insulin resistance. The 2-circRNA panel had a high diagnostic accuracy for discriminating T2D and IFG from healthy controls, especially when body mass index was integrated. miR-19a-3p and miR-1-3p were identified as the miRNA targets of hsa_circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891, respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between the expression levels of AKT and hsa_circ_0063425, PI3K and hsa_circ_0056891, in the total sample and subgroups stratified by glucose levels. CONCLUSION Downregulated hsa_circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891 might contribute to the pathogenesis of T2D. They are valuable circulating biomarkers for early detection of T2D, which may be involved in regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
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638
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He Q, Yang J, Zhang G, Chen D, Zhang M, Pan Z, Wang Z, Su L, Zeng J, Wang B, Wang H, Chen P. Sanhuang Jiangtang tablet protects type 2 diabetes osteoporosis via AKT-GSK3β-NFATc1 signaling pathway by integrating bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113946. [PMID: 33647426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanhuang Jiangtang tablet (SHJTT), has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the potential and mechanism of SHJTT in treating type 2 diabetes osteoporosis (T2DOP) has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to investigate the role and the underlying molecular mechanism of SHJTT in managing type 2 diabetes osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The target genes of each component consisting of SHJTT were obtained by searching the ETCM database. The target genes of osteoporosis and diabetes were individually acquired by analyzing the DisGeNET and OMIM disease databases. Then the potential therapeutic genes were obtained from the intersection of the herbal medicine targets and the disease targets which were imported into the R and STRING platform for the analysis of GO terms, KEGG pathways and PPI network. The key modules of PPI network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, leptin receptor deficiency (db/db) mice were confirmed as an animal model of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP) through phenotype assessment and the key genes of SHJTT against T2DOP were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS A total of 786 target genes of SHJTT were obtained from ETCM. Simultaneously, a total of 3906 osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes associated targets were acquired from DisGeNET and OMIM databases. Then, 97 common targets were found by overlapping them. On the basis of the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI network, we found that the related pathway of SHJTT in type 2 diabetes osteoporosis was AKT-GSK3β-NFATc1 pathway which is tightly associated with osteoclast differentiation. The expression of key genes including Akt1, Mapk3, Gsk3β, Mmp9, Nfkb1 were significantly down-regulated by SHJTT in T2DOP mice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SHJTT had a protective effect on T2DOP via regulating AKT-GSK3β-NFATc1 signaling pathway. This study might provide a theoretical basis for the application of SHJTT for the treatment of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- 1(st) School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- 1(st) School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Gangyu Zhang
- 1(st) School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clifford Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- 1(st) School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, Northen Ireland, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lijun Su
- 1(st) School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Jiaxu Zeng
- 1(st) School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzho, 510405, PR China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzho, 510405, PR China.
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Abstract
Objective To report the first case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and its management in a patient with diet-controlled prediabetes and metastatic breast cancer treated with alpelisib, a PI3K (phosphatidylinosiotol-3-kinase) inhibitor. Methods Literature on the topic is reviewed. The case is that of a 66-year-old female with diet-controlled prediabetes and metastatic breast carcinoma who had initiated alpelisib 2 weeks prior to being admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis. Results Admission laboratory examination revealed a blood sugar of 1137 mg/dL, an anion gap of 25, large ketones in urine, and positive acetone in serum. The HbA1c level was 9.4% (79 mmol/mol) on admission, which had been 6.3% (45 mmol/mol) seven months earlier. She was discharged on subcutaneous insulin and instructed to discontinue alpelisib. Alpelisib was restarted 2 days later, which exacerbated her hyperglycemia within 24 hours. In the following months, her hyperglycemia was successfully managed with insulin and a SGLT 2 inhibitor. Unfortunately, her breast cancer progressed, ultimately leading to discontinuation of alpelisib. Blood sugar levels returned to a nondiabetic range upon discontinuation of alpelisib, and she is currently off all antihyperglycemic agents. Conclusion Although PI3KCA inhibitors remain a promising drug in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have not responded to previous treatment, patients must be closely monitored for adverse effects such as hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia could be a potentially limiting side effect of alpelisib. The optimal management of hyperglycemia induced by alpelisib warrants further research.
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640
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang K, Yang H. Study of the Active Components and Molecular Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664416. [PMID: 34164430 PMCID: PMC8215273 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and molecular biology. First, the active ingredients and potential targets of TW were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and related literature materials, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network diagram of TW. Second, the target set of DN was obtained through the disease database, and the potential targets of TW in the treatment of DN were screened through a Venn diagram. A protein interaction network diagram (PPI) was constructed with the help of the String platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Third, the ClueGO plug-in tool was used to enrich the GO biological process and the KEGG metabolic pathway. Finally, molecular docking experiments and cell pathway analyses were performed. As a result, a total of 52 active ingredients of TW were screened, and 141 predicted targets and 49 target genes related to DN were identified. The biological process of GO is mediated mainly through the regulation of oxygen metabolism, endothelial cell proliferation, acute inflammation, apoptotic signal transduction pathway, fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of cyclase activity, adipocyte differentiation and other biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways involved were AGE-RAGE, vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF-1, IL-17, relaxin signalling pathway, TNF, Fc epsilon RI, insulin resistance and other signaling pathways. It can be concluded that TW may treat DN by reducing inflammation, reducing antioxidative stress, regulating immunity, improving vascular disease, reducing insulin resistance, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes, and reducing cell apoptosis, among others, with multicomponent, multitarget and multisystem characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Victoria-Montesinos D, Sánchez-Macarro M, Gabaldón-Hernández JA, Abellán-Ruiz MS, Querol-Calderón M, Luque-Rubia AJ, Bernal-Morell E, Ávila-Gandía V, López-Román FJ. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Natural Extract of Sclerocarya birrea on Glycemic Metabolism in Subjects with Prediabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061948. [PMID: 34204042 PMCID: PMC8229573 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with the primary objective of assessing the effect of a natural extract of Sclerocarya birrea on glucose metabolism in subjects with prediabetes. The duration of the study was 90 days. Thirty-three subjects assigned to the experimental group (daily ingestion of 100 mg of the nutraceutical product) and 34 assigned to the placebo group completed the study. There were 36 men and 31 women with a mean age of 32.3 ± 14.1 years. In the area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), statistically significant decreases in the experimental group at 40 and 90 days as compared with baseline were found, whereas significant changes in the placebo group were not observed. Within-group differences were statistically significant in favor of the experimental group for glucose peak at OGTT, serum insulin, insulin resistance markers, and flow-mediated dilation. Changes in lipid and anthropometric parameters were not observed, although there was a trend for lower cholesterol levels and a decrease in body weight in the experimental group. Decreases in systolic blood pressure were also higher among subjects in the experimental group. This exploratory study confirms the antidiabetic activity of Sclerocarya birrea in prediabetes. Further studies using better measurements of beta-cell function are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the hypoglycemic effect of this natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Victoria-Montesinos
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón-Hernández
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - María Salud Abellán-Ruiz
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - María Querol-Calderón
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - Antonio J. Luque-Rubia
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - Enrique Bernal-Morell
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Carretera de Guadalupe s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (D.V.-M.); (M.S.-M.); (J.A.G.-H.); (M.S.A.-R.); (M.Q.-C.); (A.J.L.-R.); (V.Á.-G.)
- Primary Care Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968278757
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De Paoli M, Zakharia A, Werstuck GH. The Role of Estrogen in Insulin Resistance: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1490-1498. [PMID: 34102108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance results when peripheral tissues, including adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver, do not respond appropriately to insulin, causing the ineffective uptake of glucose. This represents a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Along with abdominal obesity, hypertension, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance is a component of a condition known as the metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence shows that biological sex has a major influence in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances, with females being more protected than males. This protection appears to be driven by female sex hormones (estrogens), as it tends to disappear with the onset of menopause but can be re-established with hormone replacement therapy. This review evaluates current knowledge on the protective role of estrogens in the relevant pathways associated with insulin resistance. The importance of increasing our understanding of sex as a biological variable in cardiometabolic research to promote the development of more effective preventative strategies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Paoli
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Zakharia
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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643
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Kim HA, Baek KJ, Yun HY. Integrative proteomic network analyses support depot-specific roles for leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3 in adipose tissues. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:837. [PMID: 34149883 PMCID: PMC8200805 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LGI family member 3 (LGI3) is a member of the LGI protein family. In our previous studies, LGI3 was determined to be expressed in adipose tissues, skin and the brain, where it served as a pleiotropic cytokine. The results indicated that LGI3 levels are increased in adipose tissues of obese individuals in comparison with control individuals and that LGI3 suppressed adipogenesis via its receptor, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 23. Additionally, it was reported that LGI3 upregulates tumor necrosis factor-α and downregulated adiponectin and hypothesized that LGI3 may act as a proinflammatory adipokine involved in adipose tissue inflammation. In the present study, cytokine arrays were used to analyze cytokine levels in adipose tissues and plasma of LGI3-knockout mice and signaling protein arrays used to analyze the expression and phosphorylation of these proteins in LGI3-treated preadipocytes. The results suggested that expression levels of 129 gene products (24 cytokines and 105 signaling proteins) were altered in response to LGI3 deficiency or LGI3 treatment, respectively. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of LGI3-regulated gene products revealed that 94% of the gene products (21 cytokines and 100 signaling proteins) formed an interaction network cluster. Functional enrichment analysis for the LGI3-regulated gene products, including those from our previous studies, revealed an association with numerous biological processes, including inflammatory responses, cellular differentiation and development and metabolic regulation. Gene co-expression network analysis revealed that these LGI3-regulated gene products were involved in various biological processes in an overlapping and differential manner between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Notably, inflammatory responses were more strongly associated with the LGI3-regulated gene co-expression network in visceral adipose tissues than in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Analysis of expression quantitative trait loci identified four single nucleotide variants that affect expression of LGI3 in an adipose depot-specific manner. Taken together, the results suggested that LGI3 may serve depot-specific roles as an adipokine in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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644
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Danesh Pazhooh R, Rahnamay Farnood P, Asemi Z, Mirsafaei L, Yousefi B, Mirzaei H. mTOR pathway and DNA damage response: A therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 104:103142. [PMID: 34102579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, comprising two subunit protein complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. In response to insult and cancer, the mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, cell survival, and protein synthesis. Key subunits of mTORC1/2 catalyze the phosphorylation of various molecules, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1). The DNA damage response (DDR) maintains genomic stability and provides an opportunity for treating tumors with defects caused by DNA damaging agents. Many mTOR inhibitors are utilized for the treatment of cancers. However, several clinical trials are still assessing the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. This paper discusses the role of the mTOR signaling pathway and its regulators in developing cancer. In the following, we will review the interaction between DDR and mTOR signaling and the innovative therapies applied in preclinical and clinical trials for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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645
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Dwivedi PSR, Rasal VP, Kotharkar E, Nare S, Khanal P. Gene set enrichment analysis of PPAR-γ regulators from Murraya odorata Blanco. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:369-375. [PMID: 34178844 PMCID: PMC8212318 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is reported to regulate insulin sensitivity and progression of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence the present study is aimed to identify PPAR-γ regulators from Murraya odorata Blanco and predict their role to manage T2DM. METHODS Multiple in-silico tools and databases like SwissTargetPrediction, ADVERPred, PubChem, and MolSoft, were used to retrieve the information related to bioactives, targets, druglikeness character, and probable side effects as applicable. Similarly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used to identify the regulated pathways. Further, the bioactives-protein-pathways network interaction was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, molecular docking was performed using Autodock4. RESULTS Twenty-five bioactives were shortlisted in which six were predicted as PPAR-γ modulators. Among them, stigmasterol was predicted to possess the best binding affinity towards PPAR-γ and possessed no side effects. Similarly, n-hexadecanoic acid was predicted to modulate the highest number of proteins, and protein CD14 was targeted by the highest number of bioactives. Further, the PI3K-Akt pathway was predicted as the maximum modulated genes. CONCLUSIONS The anti-diabetic property of the Murraya odorata Blanco of fruit pulp may be due to the presence of n-hexadecanoic acid and stigmasterol; may also involve in the regulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway which needs further investigated by in-vitro and in-vivo protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarambh SR Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - V. P. Rasal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Ekta Kotharkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Shailaja Nare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
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Li W, Wu L, Sun Q, Yang Q, Xue J, Shi M, Tang H, Zhang J, Liu Q. MicroRNA-191 blocking the translocation of GLUT4 is involved in arsenite-induced hepatic insulin resistance through inhibiting the IRS1/AKT pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112130. [PMID: 33743404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to arsenic can cause a variety of health problems. Epidemiological and experimental studies have established a diabetogenic role for arsenic, but the mechanisms responsible for arsenic-induced impairment of insulin action are unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various metabolic disorders, particularly in the development of insulin resistance. The present study investigated whether arsenite, an active form of arsenic, induces hepatic insulin resistance and the mechanisms underlying it. After male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to arsenite (0 or 20 ppm) in drinking water for 12 months, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) revealed an arsenite-induced glucose metabolism disorder. Hepatic glycogen levels were lower in arsenite-exposed mice. Further, for livers of mice exposed to arsenite, miR-191 levels were higher, and protein levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), p-IRS1, and phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) were lower. Further, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) had lower levels on the plasma membrane. For insulin-treated L-02 cells, arsenite decreased glucose consumption and glycogen levels, increased miR-191 levels, and inhibited the IRS1/AKT pathway and the translocation of GLUT4 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. For insulin-treated L-02 cells, the decreases of glucose consumption, glycogen levels, GLUT4 on the plasma membrane, and p-AKT levels induced by arsenite were reversed by SC79 (agonist of AKT) and an miR-191 inhibitor; these effects caused by miR-191 inhibitor were restored by IRS1 siRNA. In insulin-treated L-02 cells, miR-191, via IRS1, was involved in the arsenite-induced decreases of glucose consumption and glycogen levels and in inhibition of the translocation of GLUT4. Thus, miR-191 blocking the translocation of GLUT4 was involved in arsenite-induced hepatic insulin resistance through inhibiting the IRS1/AKT pathway. Our study reveals a mechanism for arsenite-induced hepatic insulin resistance, which provides clues for discovering biomarkers for the development of type 2 diabetes and for prevention and treatment of arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Akhtar S, Culver SA, Siragy HM. Novel regulation of renal gluconeogenesis by Atp6ap2 in response to high fat diet via PGC1-α/AKT-1 pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11367. [PMID: 34059756 PMCID: PMC8167177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that renal gluconeogenesis is substantially stimulated in the kidney in presence of obesity. However, the mechanisms responsible for such stimulation are not well understood. Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that mice fed high fat diet (HFD) exhibited increase in renal Atp6ap2 [also known as (Pro)renin receptor] expression. We hypothesized that HFD upregulates renal gluconeogenesis via Atp6ap2-PGC-1α and AKT pathway. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunostaining, we evaluated renal expression of the Atp6ap2 and renal gluconeogenic enzymes, PEPCK and G6Pase, in wild type and inducible nephron specific Atp6ap2 knockout mice fed normal diet (ND, 12 kcal% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 kcal% fat) for 8 weeks. Compared with ND, HFD mice had significantly higher body weight (23%) (P < 0.05), renal mRNA and protein expression of Atp6ap2 (39 and 35%), PEPCK (44 and 125%) and G6Pase (39 and 44%) respectively. In addition, compared to ND, HFD mice had increased renal protein expression of PGC-1α by 32% (P < 0.05) and downregulated AKT by 33% (P < 0.05) respectively in renal cortex. Atp6ap2-KO abrogated these changes in the mice fed HFD. In conclusion, we identified novel regulation of renal gluconeogenesis by Atp6ap2 in response to high fat diet via PGC1-α/AKT-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Akhtar
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801409, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Silas A Culver
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801409, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801409, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Chakraborty P, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Medala V, John A, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Emerging Role of HDACs: Pathology and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 10:1340. [PMID: 34071497 PMCID: PMC8228721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal manifestations of metabolic syndrome and its prevalence with modern lifestyle is increasing incessantly. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce several vascular complications that were referred to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in DM. Although several therapeutic targets have been identified and accessed clinically, the imminent risk of DM and its prevalence are still ascending. Substantial pieces of evidence revealed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms can regulate various molecular activities in DM via epigenetic and post-translational regulation of several transcription factors. To date, 18 HDAC isoforms have been identified in mammals that were categorized into four different classes. Classes I, II, and IV are regarded as classical HDACs, which operate through a Zn-based mechanism. In contrast, class III HDACs or Sirtuins depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their molecular activity. Functionally, most of the HDAC isoforms can regulate β cell fate, insulin release, insulin expression and signaling, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, the roles of HDAC members have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and other pathological events, which substantially contribute to diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, HDACs could serve as the potential therapeutic target in DM towards developing novel intervention strategies. This review sheds light on the emerging role of HDACs/isoforms in diabetic pathophysiology and emphasized the scope of their targeting in DM for constituting novel interventional strategies for metabolic disorders/complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vijaykrishna Medala
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
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Polysaccharide Derived from Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Plumule Shows Potential Prebiotic Activity and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111780. [PMID: 34071638 PMCID: PMC8199337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are key bioactive compounds in lotus plumule tea, but their anti-diabetes activities remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prebiotic activities of a novel polysaccharide fraction from the Nelumbo nucifera lotus plumule, and to examine its regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The N. nucifera polysaccharide (NNP) was purified after discoloration, hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography to obtain purified polysaccharide fractions (NNP-2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the main structural characteristics and functional group of NNP-2. Physicochemical characterization indicated that NNP-2 had a molecular weight of 110.47 kDa and consisted of xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 33.4:25.7:22.0:10.5:8.1. The prebiotic activity of NNP-2 was demonstrated in vitro using Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, NNP-2 showed bioactivity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 97.32 µg/mL). High glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of NNP-2 on glucose consumption, and the molecular mechanism of the insulin transduction pathway was studied using RT-qPCR. NNP-2 could improve insulin resistance by modulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrated that the Nelumbo nucifera polysaccharides are potential sources for nutraceuticals, and we propose functional food developments from the bioactive polysaccharides of N. nucifera for the management of diabetes.
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Ren X, Wang L, Chen Z, Hou D, Xue Y, Diao X, Shen Q. Foxtail Millet Improves Blood Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic Rats through PI3K/AKT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways Mediated by Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061837. [PMID: 34072141 PMCID: PMC8228963 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (FM) is receiving ongoing increased attention due to its beneficial health effects, including the hypoglycemic effect. However, the underlying mechanisms of the hypoglycemic effect have been underexplored. In the present study, the hypoglycemic effect of FM supplementation was confirmed again in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with significantly decreased fasting glucose (FG), glycated serum protein, and areas under the glucose tolerance test (p < 0.05). We employed 16S rRNA and liver RNA sequencing technologies to identify the target gut microbes and signaling pathways involved in the hypoglycemic effect of FM supplementation. The results showed that FM supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus_2, which were significantly negatively correlated with FG and 2-h glucose. FM supplementation significantly reversed the trends of gene expression in diabetic rats. Specifically, FM supplementation inhibited gluconeogenesis, stimulated glycolysis, and restored fatty acid synthesis through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. FM also reduced inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated a complicated set of interdependencies among the gut microbiota, signaling pathways, and metabolic parameters. Collectively, the above results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of FM was at least partially mediated by the increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus, activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.R.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Linxuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Dianzhi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Center for Crop Germplasm Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Qun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.H.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62737524
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