72701
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Li X, Cao Y, Gong X, Li H. Long noncoding RNAs in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10726-10740. [PMID: 27802187 PMCID: PMC5354695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) include a series of malignant tumors arising in epithelial tissues, typically oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharynx cancer and thyroid cancer. HNCs are important contributors to cancer incidence and mortality, leading to approximately 225,100 new patients and 77,500 deaths in China every year. Determination of the mechanisms of HNC carcinogenesis and progression is an urgent priority in HNC treatment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs longer than 200 bps. lncRNAs have been reported to participate in a broad scope of biological processes, and lncRNA dysregulation leads to diverse human diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs that are dysregulated in HNCs, summarize the latest findings regarding the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in HNC carcinogenesis and progression, and discuss the clinical application of lncRNAs in HNC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Li
- School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Stomatology,ChanghaiHospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongbing Cao
- School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Gong
- School of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- Department of Stomatology,ChanghaiHospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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72702
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Du M, Chen W, Zhang W, Tian XK, Wang T, Wu J, Gu J, Zhang N, Lu ZW, Qian LX, Fei Q, Wang Y, Peng F, He X, Yin L. TGF-? regulates the ERK/MAPK pathway independent of the SMAD pathway by repressing miRNA-124 to increase MALAT1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:688-696. [PMID: 29710466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), a pleiotropic cytokine, promotes cell proliferation and migration in multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). microRNA-124 (miR-124) becomes downregulated in NPC and inhibits the tumorigenesis of this disease. However, the role of miR-124 in TGF-?-induced NPC development remains unknown. In this study, constant TGF-? stimulation repressed miR-124 expression, whereas miR-124 overexpression antagonized TGF-?-promoted NPC cell growth and migration. miR-124 overexpression decreased p-SMAD2/3, SMAD4, and p-ERK levels, indicating that ectopic miR-124 overexpression inhibited SMAD and non-SMAD pathways. Pro-oncogenic lncRNA MALAT1 was targeted by miR-124 that regulated ERK/MAPK by targeting MALAT1 independent of the SMAD signaling pathway. In conclusion, our work clarified the significant role of miR-124 in TGF-? signaling pathways independent of the SMAD signaling pathway and showed the potential of miR-124 as a new therapeutic target against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Du
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China; Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Tian
- Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Jiajia Gu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Xi Qian
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Fei
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyu Peng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia He
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China; Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Yin
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institue of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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72703
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Bacterial Pathogen Emergence Requires More than Direct Contact with a Novel Passerine Host. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00863-17. [PMID: 29311238 PMCID: PMC5820954 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00863-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While direct contact may sometimes be sufficient to allow a pathogen to jump into a new host species, in other cases, fortuitously adaptive mutations that arise in the original donor host are also necessary. Viruses have been the focus of most host shift studies, so less is known about the importance of ecological versus evolutionary processes to successful bacterial host shifts. Here we tested whether direct contact with the novel host was sufficient to enable the mid-1990s jump of the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum from domestic poultry to house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). We experimentally inoculated house finches with two genetically distinct M. gallisepticum strains obtained either from poultry (Rlow) or from house finches (HF1995) during an epizootic outbreak. All 15 house finches inoculated with HF1995 became infected, whereas Rlow successfully infected 12 of 15 (80%) inoculated house finches. Comparisons among infected birds showed that, relative to HF1995, Rlow achieved substantially lower bacterial loads in the host respiratory mucosa and was cleared faster. Furthermore, Rlow-infected finches were less likely to develop clinical symptoms than HF1995-infected birds and, when they did, displayed milder conjunctivitis. The lower infection success of Rlow relative to HF1995 was not, however, due to a heightened host antibody response to Rlow. Taken together, our results indicate that contact between infected poultry and house finches was not, by itself, sufficient to explain the jump of M. gallisepticum to house finches. Instead, mutations arising in the original poultry host would have been necessary for successful pathogen emergence in the novel finch host.
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72704
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Roy A, Kordas K. The Relation Between Low-Level Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: a Review of the Epidemiological Evidence in Children and Non-Occupationally Exposed Adults. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:478-492. [PMID: 27726071 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in occupationally exposed adults indicate that higher lead exposure results in higher biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, this evidence cannot be extended to the general population who typically experience lower levels of lead exposure. This systematic review evaluates the epidemiological evidence on the association between lead and oxidative stress in non-occupationally exposed general population, with a particular focus on the pediatric population. Studies were identified through a systematic search of Medline and Web of Science. Ultimately, evidence from 15 studies conducted in children and 22 studies in adults from the general population was reviewed. Overall, the published findings are inconsistent, and there are very few well-designed studies on the relation between lead exposure and oxidative stress in the general population. The strength of the current evidence is discussed in light of the methodological approaches employed, and recommendations are made for future research directions. These include designing prospective studies with repeat measurements of clinically relevant oxidative stress markers to answer the question of causality and sensitive windows and reanalyzing previously published data, but using multivariable statistical approaches and adjustment for relevant explanatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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72705
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological state characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, but the pathogenesis of the disease is still not clear. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-29 (miR-29) can play pivotal roles in the regulation of a variety of organ fibrosis, including cardiac fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, lung fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, and keloid. In this review, we outline the structure, expression, and regulation of miR-29 as well as its role in fibrotic diseases.
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72706
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刘 江, 朱 君, 张 亚, 白 杨. [Expression pattern of FAM135B and K (lysine) acetyltransferase 5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Uygur patients]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:224-228. [PMID: 29502064 PMCID: PMC6743880 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.02.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of the family with sequence similarity 135 member B (FAM135B) and K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Uygur patients. METHODS The expression of FAM135B and KAT5 in ESCC tissues and paired adjacent tissues from 40 Uygur patients were detected using Roche Benchmark XT. The correlation of FAM135B and KAT5 and their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS The positivity rates of FAM135B and KAT5 in ESCC tissues were 92.50% (37/40) and 15.00%(6/40) in these patients, respectively. The ESCC tissues showed a significantly higher rate of strong FAM135B expression than the adjacent tissues [45.00% (18/40) vs 22.50% (9/40); Χ2=4.528, P=0.033], but the rates of negative KAT5 expression was similar between ESCC and adjacent tissues [85.00% (34/40) vs 87.50% (35/40); Χ2=0.105, P=0.745]. Strong expressions of FAM135B in ESCC tissues and the paired adjacent tissues were well correlated (Kendall's coefficient = 0.707, P<0.001). In ESCC tissues, a strong expression of FAM135B showed a significant negative correlation with KAT5 expression (Kendall's coefficient=-0.946, P<0.001). Neither FAM135B nor KAT5 expression was associated with the patients' gender, age, tumor site, tumor differentiation, invasion, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION A strong expression of FAM135B may be an important molecular basis for the occurrence of ESCC in Uygur patients and plays its role by negatively regulating the expression of KAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- 江 刘
- 南方医科大学南方医院 消化内科,广东 广州 510515Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 君玲 朱
- 新疆喀什地区第一人民医院病理科,新疆 喀什 844000Dpartment of Pathology, Kashi First People's Hospital, Kashi 84400, China
| | - 亚历 张
- 南方医科大学南方医院 消化内科,广东 广州 510515Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 杨 白
- 南方医科大学南方医院 消化内科,广东 广州 510515Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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72707
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Li L, Qiu W, Xu C, Wang J. A spatiotemporal mixed model to assess the influence of environmental and socioeconomic factors on the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:274. [PMID: 29463224 PMCID: PMC5819665 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a common infectious disease, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is affected by multiple environmental and socioeconomic factors, and its pathogenesis is complex. Furthermore, the transmission of HFMD is characterized by strong spatial clustering and autocorrelation, and the classical statistical approach may be biased without consideration of spatial autocorrelation. In this paper, we propose to embed spatial characteristics into a spatiotemporal additive model to improve HFMD incidence assessment. Methods Using incidence data (6439 samples from 137 monitoring district) for Shandong Province, China, along with meteorological, environmental and socioeconomic spatial and spatiotemporal covariate data, we proposed a spatiotemporal mixed model to estimate HFMD incidence. Geo-additive regression was used to model the non-linear effects of the covariates on the incidence risk of HFMD in univariate and multivariate models. Furthermore, the spatial effect was constructed to capture spatial autocorrelation at the sub-regional scale, and clusters (hotspots of high risk) were generated using spatiotemporal scanning statistics as a predictor. Linear and non-linear effects were compared to illustrate the usefulness of non-linear associations. Patterns of spatial effects and clusters were explored to illustrate the variation of the HFMD incidence across geographical sub-regions. To validate our approach, 10-fold cross-validation was conducted. Results The results showed that there were significant non-linear associations of the temporal index, spatiotemporal meteorological factors and spatial environmental and socioeconomic factors with HFMD incidence. Furthermore, there were strong spatial autocorrelation and clusters for the HFMD incidence. Spatiotemporal meteorological parameters, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the temporal index, spatiotemporal clustering and spatial effects played important roles as predictors in the multivariate models. Efron’s cross-validation R2 of 0.83 was acquired using our approach. The spatial effect accounted for 23% of the R2, and notable patterns of the posterior spatial effect were captured. Conclusions We developed a geo-additive mixed spatiotemporal model to assess the influence of meteorological, environmental and socioeconomic factors on HFMD incidence and explored spatiotemporal patterns of such incidence. Our approach achieved a competitive performance in cross-validation and revealed strong spatial patterns for the HFMD incidence rate, illustrating important implications for the epidemiology of HFMD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5169-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfa Li
- LREIS, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
| | - Wenyang Qiu
- LREIS, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- LREIS, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- LREIS, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
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72708
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Liu H, Liu H, Zhou Z, Parise RA, Chu E, Schmitz JC. Herbal formula Huang Qin Ge Gen Tang enhances 5-fluorouracil antitumor activity through modulation of the E2F1/TS pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:7. [PMID: 29458395 PMCID: PMC5819251 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the most widely used agent to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical efficacy is currently limited by the development of drug resistance. Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCM) has been shown to enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer agents. However, there are only a limited number of well-controlled preclinical and clinical studies documenting the potential benefit of TCM. Herein, we screened a series of TCM formulas in in vitro and in vivo animal models to identify biologically active formulas that were effective against CRC. METHODS Cell proliferation and clonogenic assays, cell cycle analysis, immunoblot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of the most active formula Huang-Qin-Ge-Gen-Tang (HQGGT) on growth of human CRC cells. In vivo animal models were used to document the antitumor activity of HQGGT alone and HQGGT in combination with 5-FU. RESULTS We identified HQGGT, which suppressed the in vivo growth of human colon cancer HT-29 xenografts without associated toxicities. HQGGT displayed anti-proliferative activity against a wide range of CRC cell lines. This growth suppression correlated with induction of apoptosis. HQGGT enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5-FU against human 5-FU-resistant cells (H630R1) and mouse colon cancer cells (MC38). Our studies showed that the mechanism of action of this synergism was the result of suppression of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression by HQGGT. We analyzed different batches of HQGGT and observed consistent chemical fingerprints and biological activity. Finally, we show that orally administered HQGGT significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of 5-FU in mice bearing MC38 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide support for the potential role of HQGGT as a novel modulator of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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72709
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Small-Vessel Vasculopathy Due to Aberrant Autophagy in LAMP-2 Deficiency. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3326. [PMID: 29463847 PMCID: PMC5820257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) is physiologically implicated in autophagy. A genetic LAMP2 defect causes Danon disease, which consists of two major phenotypes of myopathy and cardiomyopathy. In addition, arteriopathy may manifest on rare occasions but the pathological basis remains unknown. We encountered two Danon families that developed small-vessel vasculopathy in the coronary or cerebral arteries. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we characterized the biological features of LAMP-2–deficient mice and cultured cells. LAMP-2–deficient mice at 9–24 months of age showed medial thickening with luminal stenosis due to proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in muscular arteries. Ultrastructural analysis of VSMC revealed various autophagic vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm, suggesting impaired autophagy of long-lived metabolites and degraded organelles (i.e., mitochondria). The VSMC in Lamp2 null mice expressed more vimentin but less α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), indicating a switch from contractile to synthetic phenotype. Silencing of LAMP2 in cultured human brain VSMC showed the same phenotypic transition with mitochondrial fragmentation, enhanced mitochondrial respiration, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings indicate that LAMP-2 deficiency leads to arterial medial hypertrophy with the phenotypic conversion of VSMC, resulting from age-dependent accumulation of cellular waste generated by aberrant autophagy.
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72710
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Liu RF, Li J, Zhang J, Bai PD, Yang YF, Li W, Wu Z, Zheng JX. Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in prostate epithelial cells under androgen deprivation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2263-2268. [PMID: 29456633 PMCID: PMC5795527 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy in prostate epithelial cells under androgen deprivation (AD). BPH-1 cells were divided into four groups as follows: Control (Cont), AD, autophagy inhibition (AI) and AD + AI groups. Cells in the four groups were treated accordingly, and the level of apoptosis was subsequently measured via flow cytometry. The expression of the microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3), caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and Beclin-1 proteins of BPH-1 cells was detected at different time points following culture in androgen-deprived medium. Western blotting revealed that the basal levels of the LC3-II protein were detected at 0 h. At 4 h, LC3-II was significantly increased compared with 0 h (P<0.05). Beginning at 20 h, the expression level of the LC3-II protein decreased significantly (P<0.05). Western blotting revealed that beginning at 24 h, the expression level of the PARP-1 protein decreased significantly (P<0.001) and the cleavage fragments of the PARP-1 protein appeared. These results further imply that autophagy serves a cell protective function by mutual inhibition with apoptosis in BPH-1 cells in the removal of androgen conditions. Furthermore, the fragments of the cleaved Beclin-1 protein appeared as 35 and 37 kDa bands. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the rate of cell apoptosis in the AD, AI and AD + AI groups was significantly increased compared with the Cont group (P<0.01). Compared with the AD or the AI groups individually, the rate of cell apoptosis in the AD + AI group was significantly increased (P<0.001). These findings suggest that in the early stage of AD, autophagy has a compensatory function in the cell, whereas in the whole process, autophagy and apoptosis share a mutual antagonism. The Beclin-1-C protein fragment contributed positive feedback to the process of apoptosis, which may be a potential mechanism of AD therapy. Therefore, AD and AI exhibit a synergistic effect to further improve the level of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-De Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhun Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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72711
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The Role of Cell Adhesion Molecule Genes Regulating Neuroplasticity in Addiction. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9803764. [PMID: 29675039 PMCID: PMC5838467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9803764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of genetic approaches, including twin studies, linkage studies, and candidate gene studies, has established a firm genetic basis for addiction. However, there has been difficulty identifying the precise genes that underlie addiction liability using these approaches. This situation became especially clear in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of addiction. Moreover, the results of GWAS brought into clarity many of the shortcomings of those early genetic approaches. GWAS studies stripped away those preconceived notions, examining genes that would not previously have been considered in the study of addiction, consequently creating a shift in our understanding. Most importantly, those studies implicated a class of genes that had not previously been considered in the study of addiction genetics: cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Considering the well-documented evidence supporting a role for various CAMs in synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and regeneration, it is not surprising that allelic variation in CAM genes might also play a role in addiction liability. This review focuses on the role of various cell adhesion molecules in neuroplasticity that might contribute to addictive processes and emphasizes the importance of ongoing research on CAM genes that have been implicated in addiction by GWAS.
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72712
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Liu Z, Li J, Chen J, Shan Q, Dai H, Xie H, Zhou L, Xu X, Zheng S. MCM family in HCC: MCM6 indicates adverse tumor features and poor outcomes and promotes S/G2 cell cycle progression. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:200. [PMID: 29463213 PMCID: PMC5819696 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minichromosome Maintenance family (MCMs), as replication licensing factors, is involved in the pathogenesis of tumors. Here, we investigated the expression of MCMs and their values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods MCMs were analyzed in 105 samples including normal livers (n = 15), cirrhotic livers (n = 40), HCC (n = 50) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (Cohort 1). Significantly up-regulated MCMs were verified in 102 HCC and matched peritumoral livers using PCR (Cohort 2), and the correlations with clinical features and outcomes were determined. In addition, the focused MCMs were analyzed in parallel immunohistochemistry of 345 samples on spectrum of hepatocarcinogenesis (Cohort 3) and queried for the potential specific role in cell cycle. Results MCM2–7, MCM8 and MCM10 was significantly up-regulated in HCC in Cohort 1. In Cohort 2, overexpression of MCM2–7, MCM8 and MCM10 was verified and significantly correlated with each other. Elevated MCM2, MCM6 and MCM7 were associated with adverse tumor features and poorer outcomes. In Cohort 3, MCM6 exhibited superior HCC diagnostic performance compared with MCM2 and MCM7 (AUC: 0.896 vs. 0.675 and 0.771, P < 0.01). Additionally, MCM6 other than MCM2 and MCM7 independently predicted poorer survival in 175 HCC patients. Furthermore, knockdown of MCM6 caused a delay in S/G2-phase progression as evidenced by down-regulation of CDK2, CDK4, CyclinA, CyclinB1, CyclinD1, and CyclinE in HCC cells. Conclusions We analyze MCMs mRNA and protein levels in tissue samples during hepatocarcinogenesis. MCM6 is identified as a driver of S/G2 cell cycle progression and a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4056-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaonan Shan
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haojiang Dai
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative innovation center for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative innovation center for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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72713
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Sun X, Yang Y, Zhong XZ, Cao Q, Zhu XH, Zhu X, Dong XP. A negative feedback regulation of MTORC1 activity by the lysosomal Ca 2+ channel MCOLN1 (mucolipin 1) using a CALM (calmodulin)-dependent mechanism. Autophagy 2018; 14:38-52. [PMID: 29460684 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1389822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is required for cellular homeostasis, growth and survival. The lysosome plays an essential role in autophagy regulation. For example, the activity of MTORC1, a master regulator of autophagy, is regulated by nutrients within the lysosome. Starvation inhibits MTORC1 causing autophagy induction. Given that MTORC1 is critical for protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis, a feedback regulatory mechanism must exist to restore MTORC1 during starvation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this feedback regulation is unclear. In this study, we report that starvation activates the lysosomal Ca2+ release channel MCOLN1 (mucolipin 1) by relieving MTORC1's inhibition of the channel. Activated MCOLN1 in turn facilitates MTORC1 activity that requires CALM (calmodulin). Moreover, both MCOLN1 and CALM are necessary for MTORC1 reactivation during prolonged starvation. Our data suggest that lysosomal Ca2+ signaling is an essential component of the canonical MTORC1-dependent autophagy pathway and MCOLN1 provides a negative feedback regulation of MTORC1 to prevent excessive loss of MTORC1 function during starvation. The feedback regulation may be important for maintaining cellular homeostasis during starvation, as well as many other stressful or disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada.,d Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education , Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Yiming Yang
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xi Zoë Zhong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xin-Hong Zhu
- b Institute of Mental Health, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- d Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education , Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
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72714
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Baghban A, Malinis M. Ganciclovir and foscarnet dual-therapy for cytomegalovirus encephalitis: A case report and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 2018; 388:28-36. [PMID: 29627026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus which establishes lifelong latency following primary infection. It is then capable of reactivating in the face of immunosuppression. Encephalitis is a less common, but particularly devastating syndrome associated with CMV. Here, we describe a case of CMV encephalitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient who received dual antiviral therapy with ganciclovir and foscarnet. The case presentation is followed by a summary of cases reported in the last ten years, with the goal of describing vulnerable patient populations, treatment courses, and outcomes. Finally, the discussion includes a review of the literature, with a focus on diagnostic criteria and the role for dual antiviral therapy in CMV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Baghban
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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72715
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Song Y, Du Y, Zou W, Luo Y, Zhang X, Fu J. Involvement of impaired autophagy and mitophagy in Neuro-2a cell damage under hypoxic and/or high-glucose conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3301. [PMID: 29459731 PMCID: PMC5818622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) plays an insidious role in the development of cognitive impairment. Considerable evidence suggests that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as a vascular risk factor may exacerbate CCH and is closely related to cognitive decline. Dysregulation of autophagy is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. To elucidate the role of autophagy in CCH- and/or DM-related pathogenesis, mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells were exposed to hypoxia and/or high glucose for 48 h, mimicking CCH complicated with DM pathologies. Chronic hypoxia reduced cell proliferation and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, whereas high glucose had no obvious synergistic toxic effect. Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles under hypoxia may be due to both autophagy impairment and induction, with the former accounting for Neuro-2a cell death. Additionally, aberrant accumulation of mitochondria in Neuro-2a cells may be attributed to insufficient BNIP3-mediated mitophagy due to poor interaction between BNIP3 and LC3-II. Despite the lack of a significant cytotoxic effect of high glucose under our experimental conditions, our data indicated for the first time that impaired autophagy degradation and inefficient BNIP3-mediated mitophagy may constitute mechanisms underlying neuronal cell damage during chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Song
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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72716
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Pan X, Lv T, Zhang F, Fan H, Liu H, Song Y. Frequent genomic alterations and better prognosis among young patients with non-small-cell lung cancer aged 40 years or younger. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1168-1174. [PMID: 29460035 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subgroup of young patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics, gene mutations, and outcomes of patients with NSCLC (aged ≤ 40 years). RESULTS Of the 7494 patients with lung cancer diagnosed from February 2001 to October 2016, 252 aged ≤ 40 years showed NSCLC. We divided their cases into non-squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups according to their histology results. Of the 252 young NSCLC patients, 173 (69%) patients had stage IIIB or IV, and 196 (78%) had never smoked. The four most common metastases were intrapulmonary lesions, pleura, bone, and brain. Among patients with adenocarcinoma, 29 (40%, n = 73) harbored epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, 25 (34%, n = 74) harbored anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translations, and 1 (14%, n = 7) harbored ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) translations. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.3 and 27.6 months for patients receiving chemotherapy (n = 65), and 12.1 and 33.6 months for patients receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (n = 13), respectively. Patients receiving crizotinib had a median PFS time of 21.9 months (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS Young patients are associated with an increased likelihood of gene mutations and can receive a better prognosis when patients harboring gene mutations are treated with EGFR-TKIs or ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Y Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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72717
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Inhibiting autophagy overcomes docetaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:675-686. [PMID: 29460131 PMCID: PMC5878207 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigates the docetaxel-resistant mechanism and explores the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on autophagy and its related mechanism in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines PC3 and DU145. Methods Immunofluorescence assay and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry were used to analyze the apoptosis and autophagy of PC3 and DU145 cells. The expression of autophagy-related proteins was detected by western bolt. Results Docetaxel could induce autophagy and apoptosis, together with the expression increase in p-JNK, p-Bcl-2 and Beclin1. The level of autophagy was remarkably decreased, but apoptosis was increased after combining with TP. In addition, the expression of p-mTOR was increased after combining with TP. Conclusion Docetaxel induces protective autophagy in CRPC cells by JNK pathway activation and then Bcl-2 phosphorylation and Beclin1 dissociation. TP activates mTOR pathway, which ultimately inhibits docetaxel-induced autophagy and improves therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in CRPC cells.
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72718
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Shimizu Y, Hayama Y, Yamamoto T, Murai K, Tsutsui T. Matched case-control study of the influence of inland waters surrounding poultry farms on avian influenza outbreaks in Japan. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3306. [PMID: 29459761 PMCID: PMC5818671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To successfully control highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), understanding the risk factors related to the incursion of the virus into poultry farms is essential. In this study, we focused on the presence of inland waters surrounding poultry farms as a potential risk factor of incursion of the virus. To evaluate the influence of inland waters surrounding poultry farms on HPAI outbreaks in Japan, a simple matched case-control study was conducted. The results of the conditional regression analyses indicated that the number of farms with neighbouring inland waters was significantly high among the affected farms during the 2016-2017 outbreak period. These results provide good grounds for strengthening biosecurity management at farms located near inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Shimizu
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Kiyokazu Murai
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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72719
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High fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome: Pathophysiological mechanism and treatment by traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:438-450. [PMID: 29471102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is a natural monosaccharide broadly used in modern society. Over the past few decades, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that high fructose intake is an etiological factor of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review highlights research advances on fructose-induced MetS, especially the underlying pathophysiological mechanism as well as pharmacotherapy by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), using the PubMed, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal and Wanfang Data. This review focuses on de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and uric acid (UA) production, two unique features of fructolysis different from glucose glycolysis. High level of DNL and UA production can result in insulin resistance, the key pathological event in developing MetS, mostly through oxidative stress and inflammation. Some other pathologies like the disturbance in brain and gut microbiota in the development of fructose-induced MetS in the past years, are also discussed. In management of MetS, TCM is an excellent representative in alternative and complementary medicine with a complete theory system and substantial herbal remedies. TCMs against MetS or MetS components, including Chinese patent medicines, TCM compound formulas, single TCM herbs and active compounds of TCM herbs, are reviewed on their effects and molecular mechanisms. TCMs with hypouricemic activity, which specially target fructose-induced MetS, are highlighted. And new technologies and strategies (such as high-throughput assay and systems biology) in this field are further discussed. In summary, fructose-induced MetS is a multifactorial disorder with the underlying complex mechanisms. Current clinical and pre-clinical evidence supports the potential of TCMs in management of MetS. Additionally, TCMs may show some advantages against complex MetS as their holistic feature through multiple target actions. However, further work is needed to confirm the effectivity and safety of TCMs by high-standard clinical trials, clarify the molecular mechanisms, and develop new anti-MetS drugs by development and application of optimized and feasible strategies and methods.
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72720
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Oh TK, Kim K, Jheon SH, Do SH, Hwang JW, Jeon YT, Kim K, Song IA. Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes, Opioid Use, and Complications after Esophageal Cancer Surgery. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E33. [PMID: 29463006 PMCID: PMC5852449 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and adequate opioid use and prevention of postoperative complications are important for enhanced recovery after surgery. We examined the effects of postoperative opioid use and postoperative complications on overall survival and recurrence-free survival after esophageal cancer surgery. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the records of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer who underwent the Ivor Lewis operation between January 2005 and December 2011. We collected data on total opioid use for 8 days postoperatively, as well as information on postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification). One hundred and twenty-one patients were included in the final analysis. Total opioid use was not significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.520) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.818). In contrast, the hazard ratio of postoperative overall survival was significantly higher with respect to Clavien-Dindo classification 1-2 (hazard ratio: 2.009, p = 0.046), 3a-3b (hazard ratio: 5.759, p < 0.001), and 4a-5 (hazard ratio: 3.982, p = 0.020) complications compared to no complications. Additionally, the hazard ratio of the recurrence-free survival was significantly higher in class 1-2 complications (hazard ratio: 2.336, p = 0.028) compared to none. Our study demonstrates that postoperative opioid use is not associated with survival and recurrence-free survival after esophageal cancer surgery, while postoperative complications may increase the hazard ratio for survival and recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Kyu Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Kwhanmien Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hwan Do
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Jung-Won Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Young-Tae Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - Kooknam Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
| | - In-Ae Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
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72721
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Cao H, Yan S, Gu C, Wang S, Ni L, Tao H, Shao T, Xu Y, Tao F. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and their associations with sleep schedules and sleep-related problems among preschoolers in mainland China. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29458356 PMCID: PMC5817725 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children is an increasing public health concern. The identification of behavioral risk factors, including sleep quality, has important public health implications for prioritizing behavioral intervention strategies for ADHD. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of high levels of ADHD symptoms and to explore the association between sleep schedules, sleep-related problems and ADHD symptoms among preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in mainland China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, comprising a large sample of 15,291 preschoolers in Ma’anshan city of Anhui Province in China. ADHD symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Chinese version of the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (C-ASQ). Sleep-related variables included caregivers’ responses to specific questions addressing children’s daytime and nighttime sleep schedules, as well as sleep-related behaviors. Data on other factors were also collected, such as socio-demographic characteristics, TV viewing duration on weekdays and weekends, and outdoor activities. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationships between sleep schedules, sleep-related problems and ADHD symptoms. Results Approximately 8.6% of the total sample of preschoolers had high levels of ADHD symptoms, with boys having higher levels than girls (9.9% vs. 7.2%). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for TV viewing duration, outdoor activities, and socio-demographic characteristics, delayed bedtime was significantly associated with a risk of high levels of ADHD symptoms, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.50 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.09 ~ 3.00] and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.72 ~ 2.42) for weekdays and weekends, respectively. Longer time falling asleep (≥ 31 min) (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.47 ~ 2.11), no naps (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.34 ~ 1.84) and frequent sleep-related problems (OR = 4.57, 95% CI: 3.86 ~ 5.41) were also significantly associated with an increased risk of high levels of ADHD symptoms, while longer sleep duration (> 8.5 h) was associated with a decreased risk of high levels of ADHD symptoms (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67~ 0.87). Conclusions ADHD symptoms are prevalent in preschoolers in Ma’anshan region, China. Undesirable sleep schedules and sleep-related problems among preschoolers confer a risk of ADHD symptoms, highlighting the finding that beneficial and regular sleep habits potentially attenuate ADHD symptoms among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Ma'anshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Chunli Gu
- Ma'anshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Ma'anshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Lingling Ni
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huihui Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ting Shao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- Ma'anshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China.
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72722
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Balagangadharan K, Viji Chandran S, Arumugam B, Saravanan S, Devanand Venkatasubbu G, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite/nano-zirconium dioxide scaffolds with miR-590-5p for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:953-958. [PMID: 29415417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) relies on biocomposite scaffolds and bioactive molecules for bone regeneration. The present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize biocomposite scaffolds containing chitosan (CS), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nano‑zirconium dioxide (nZrO2) along with microRNA (miRNA) for BTE applications. miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression. The fabricated biocomposite scaffolds were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and XRD analyses. The effect of a bioactive molecule (miR-590-5p) with scaffolds was tested for osteoblast differentiation at the cellular and molecular levels using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1/2). The results showed that CS/nHAp/nZrO2 scaffolds promoted osteoblast differentiation, and this effect was further increased in the presence of miR-590-5p in C3H10T1/2 cells. Thus, we suggested that CS/nHAp/nZrO2 scaffolds with miR-590-5p would have potential towards the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Viji Chandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Devanand Venkatasubbu
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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72723
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Mitochondrial Genome Mutations Associated with Myocardial Infarction. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:9749457. [PMID: 29670672 PMCID: PMC5835263 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9749457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease. In some cases, the cause of myocardial infarction may be atherosclerotic plaques which occurred in the human aorta. The association of mtDNA mutations with atherosclerotic lesions in human arteries was previously detected by our research group. In this study, we used samples of white blood cells collected from 225 patients with myocardial infarction and 239 control persons with no health complaints. DNA was isolated from the blood leukocyte samples. Then, PCR fragments of DNA were obtained. They contained the investigated regions of 11 mitochondrial genome mutations (m.5178C>A, m.3336T>C, m.652delG, m.12315G>A, m.14459G>A, m.652insG, m.14846G>A, m.13513G>A, m.1555A>G, m.15059G>A, m.3256C>T). According to the obtained results, three mutations of the human mitochondrial genome correlated with myocardial infarction. A positive correlation was observed for mutation m.5178C>A. At the same time, a highly significant negative correlation with myocardial infarction was observed for mutation m.14846G>A. One single-nucleotide substitution of m.12315G>A had a trend towards negative correlation. These mutations can potentially be useful for creating molecular/cellular models for studying the mechanisms of myocardial infarction and designing novel therapies. Moreover, these mutations can possibly be used for diagnostic purposes.
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72724
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Nicolini LA, Zappulo E, Viscoli C, Mikulska M. Management of chronic viral hepatitis in the hematological patient. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:227-241. [PMID: 29415584 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1438264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection with HBV and HCV represents a growing challenge in the management of patients with hematological malignancies. Recently, hepatitis E (HEV) was recognized as an endemic infection in developed countries and as an emerging health problem in immunocompromised patients. Areas covered: We reviewed the current knowledge on the impact of chronic viral hepatitis in the hematological setting. Epidemiological features, screening strategies and indications for treatment and monitoring have been explored and commented. Expert commentary: Knowing patient's complete HBV serostatus is mandatory in order to choose between treatment, prophylaxis or a pre-emptive approach. Recent guidelines favor treatment with high barrier molecules in all patients with chronic HBV infection and long lasting prophylaxis with those with inactive or resolved one. With regard to HCV, the new direct-acting antiviral agents have been safely administered in the hematological setting. Their use as first-line single treatment in indolent lymphomas, and combined with chemotherapy in aggressive ones, should be considered. Due to the existing risk of chronic HEV infection in the immunocompromised, screening with serum HEV-RNA should be performed in case of signs and symptoms indicative of hepatitis. In the event of HEV infection, reduction of immunosuppression and, if not feasible or unsuccessful, ribavirin treatment should be prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ambra Nicolini
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Science (DISSAL), Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Emanuela Zappulo
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Science (DISSAL), Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.,b Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudio Viscoli
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Science (DISSAL), Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Malgorzata Mikulska
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Science (DISSAL), Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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72725
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An G, Zhang X, Wang W, Huang Q, Li Y, Shan S, Corrigan CJ, Wang W, Ying S. The effects of interleukin-33 on airways collagen deposition and matrix metalloproteinase expression in a murine surrogate of asthma. Immunology 2018; 154:637-650. [PMID: 29455466 PMCID: PMC6050212 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma through a variety of pathways, but its role in airways fibrosis in asthma has not been fully elucidated. In the present study we evaluated changes in the expression of extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs) as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in an IL-33-induced, antigen-independent murine surrogate of asthma as well as a conventional surrogate employing per-nasal challenge of mice previously sensitized to produce an IgE response to ovalbumin (OVA). In addition, in in vitro experiments we explored the direct effects of IL-33 on the proliferation and function of murine fibroblasts. Per-nasal administration of IL-33 alone was sufficient to induce airways deposition of ECMs, including collagens I, III, V and fibronectin, to a degree comparable with that observed in the OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. These changes were associated with a local imbalance between the expression of extracellular MMPs and TIMPs. Per-nasal challenge of mice with IL-33 also induced elevated airways expression of connective tissue growth factor and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, two key facilitators of local fibrosis, again to a degree compatible with that observed in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. Deletion of the ST2 gene, which encodes the IL-33 receptor, abrogated these fibrotic changes in the airways in the OVA surrogate. In vitro, IL-33 significantly increased the proliferation and expression of collagen III by murine lung fibroblasts. These data suggest that direct exposure of murine airways to IL-33 is able to induce local fibrotic changes, at least partially through effects of signalling through the IL-33/ST2 axis on fibroblast function and local expression of MMPs and their inhibitors, and other fibrosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao An
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineBeijing Institute of Respiratory MedicineBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chris J. Corrigan
- Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineSchool of Immunology & Microbial SciencesAsthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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72726
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Magnani E, Macchi F, Mancini M, Lomazzi V, Cogliati S, Pistore C, Mandruzzato M, Dock-Bregeon AC, Bonapace IM. UHRF1 regulates CDH1 via promoter associated non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:258-270. [PMID: 29466696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed from the promoter and the downstream region can affect the expression of the corresponding coding genes. It has been shown that sense-directed ncRNAs arising from the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) mediate its repression. Here, we show that an antisense-directed ncRNA (paRCDH1-AS) transcribed from the CDH1 promoter is necessary for its expression. paRCDH1-AS acts as a hooking scaffold by recruiting the epigenetic regulators, UHRF1, DNMT3A, SUV39H1 and SUZ12, involved in CDH1 repression. The binding of epigenetic regulators to paCRDH1-AS, indeed, prevents their localization to the chromatin on CDH1 promoter. Moreover, paRCDH1-AS silencing induces CDH1 repression and a switch of the epigenetic profile on the promoter towards a more closed chromatin. Using bioinformatic and experimental approaches we defined that the promoter of the paRCDH1-AS is shared with the E-cadherin gene, showing a bidirectional promoter activity. We found that UHRF1 controls both CDH1 and paRCDH1-AS by directly binding this bidirectional promoter region. Our study provides evidences, for the first time, that UHRF1 recruitment can be affected by promoter-associated non-coding RNAs, opening new perspective regarding the role of UHRF1 in these complex regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Monica Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Vanessa Lomazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Sara Cogliati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; IGBMC, BP10142, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christian Pistore
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Martina Mandruzzato
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | | | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy.
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72727
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Kuo CJ, Hansen M, Troemel E. Autophagy and innate immunity: Insights from invertebrate model organisms. Autophagy 2018; 14:233-242. [PMID: 29130360 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1389824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental intracellular degradation process with multiple roles in immunity, including direct elimination of intracellular microorganisms via 'xenophagy.' In this review, we summarize studies from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that highlight the roles of autophagy in innate immune responses to viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Research from these genetically tractable invertebrates has uncovered several conserved immunological paradigms, such as direct targeting of intracellular pathogens by xenophagy and regulation of autophagy by pattern recognition receptors in D. melanogaster. Although C. elegans has no known pattern recognition receptors, this organism has been particularly useful in understanding many aspects of innate immunity. Indeed, work in C. elegans was the first to show xenophagic targeting of microsporidia, a fungal pathogen that infects all animals, and to identify TFEB/HLH-30, a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of autophagy gene expression and host tolerance. Studies in C. elegans have also highlighted the more recently appreciated relationship between autophagy and tolerance to extracellular pathogens. Studies of simple, short-lived invertebrates such as flies and worms will continue to provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy and immunity pathways intersect and their contribution to organismal survival. Abbreviations Atg autophagy related BECN1 Beclin 1 CALCOCO2 calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 Cry5B crystal toxin 5B Daf abnormal dauer formation DKF-1 D kinase family-1 EPG-7 Ectopic P Granules-7 FuDR fluorodeoxyuridine GFP green fluorescent protein HLH-30 Helix Loop Helix-30 Imd immune deficiency ins-18 INSulin related-18; LET-363, LEThal-363 lgg-1 LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16 family-1 MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MATH the meprin and TRAF homology MTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin NBR1 neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 NFKB nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells NOD nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing OPTN optineurin PAMPs pathogen-associated molecular patterns Park2 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin pdr-1 Parkinson disease related PFTs pore-forming toxins PGRP peptidoglycan-recognition proteins PIK3C3 phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase catalytic subunit type 3 pink-1 PINK (PTEN-I induced kinase) homolog PRKD protein kinase D; PLC, phospholipase C PRKN parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase PRRs pattern-recognition receptors PtdIns3P phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate rab-5 RAB family-5 RB1CC1 RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 RNAi RNA interference sqst SeQueSTosome related SQSTM1 sequestosome 1 TBK1 TANK-binding kinase 1 TFEB transcription factor EB TGFB/TGF-β transforming growth factor beta TLRs toll-like receptors unc-51 UNCoordinated-51 VPS vacuolar protein sorting; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus VSV-G VSV surface glycoprotein G Wipi2 WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ju Kuo
- a Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Malene Hansen
- c Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Emily Troemel
- a Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla , CA , USA
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72728
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Expression Level of miR-34a in Tumor Tissue from Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:304-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72729
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Kuo LT, Hsu WH, Chi CC, Yoo JC. Tranexamic acid in total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:60. [PMID: 29454385 PMCID: PMC5816518 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-1972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the setting of shoulder arthroplasty are unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of TXA in reducing the need for blood transfusions and blood loss in patients undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies (RCS) that compared outcomes of patients who did and did not receive TXA during TSA or RTSA. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for relevant studies. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and calculated pooled risk estimates. The primary outcome was transfusion rate, and secondary outcomes were changes in hemoglobin, estimated total blood loss (ETBL), blood loss via drainage, operative time, hospital stay, overall complications, and thromboembolic events. RESULTS We identified 3 RCTs and 3 RCS including 677 patients with 680 shoulders (343 TXA and 337 non-TXA). The random-effects model meta-analysis showed that TXA group had a lower transfusion rate (risk ratio (RR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.79), less change in hemoglobin (mean difference (MD) -0.64 g/dl, 95% CI -0.81 to - 0.46), and reduced ETBL (MD -249.24 ml, 95% CI -338.74 to - 159.74). In patients with RTSA, the TXA group had a lower transfusion rate (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.79), less ETBL (MD -249.15 ml, 95% CI -426.60 to - 71.70), less change in hemoglobin (MD - 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI -0.86 to - 0.42), and less blood loss via drainage (MD - 84.56 ml, 95% CI -145.72.14 to - 23.39) than non-TXA group. CONCLUSIONS The use of TXA in primary shoulder arthroplasty appears safe, and can reduce transfusion rate, changes in hemoglobin, and perioperative total blood loss, especially in patients with RTSA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic Review and meta-analysis, III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tseng Kuo
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Hsu
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5, Fuxing St, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Jae Chul Yoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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72730
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Tol MJ, van der Lienden MJC, Gabriel TL, Hagen JJ, Scheij S, Veenendaal T, Klumperman J, Donker-Koopman WE, Verhoeven AJ, Overkleeft H, Aerts JM, Argmann CA, van Eijk M. HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution. Autophagy 2018; 14:437-449. [PMID: 29455584 PMCID: PMC5915011 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1419118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the lysosome has emerged as a highly dynamic, transcriptionally regulated organelle that is integral to nutrient-sensing and metabolic rewiring. This is coordinated by a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling nexus in which MTORC1 controls the subcellular distribution of the microphthalmia-transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of “master lysosomal regulators”. Yet, despite the importance of the lysosome in cellular metabolism, the impact of traditional in vitro culture media on lysosomal dynamics and/or MiT/TFE localization has not been fully appreciated. Here, we identify HEPES, a chemical buffering agent that is broadly applied in cell culture, as a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis. Supplementation of HEPES to cell growth media is sufficient to decouple the MiT/TFE family members–TFEB, TFE3 and MITF–from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytosolic retention. Increased MiT/TFE nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a global network of lysosomal-autophagic and innate host-immune response genes, altering lysosomal dynamics, proteolytic capacity, autophagic flux, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, siRNA-mediated MiT/TFE knockdown effectively blunted HEPES-induced lysosome biogenesis and gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we show that MiT/TFE activation in response to HEPES requires its macropinocytic ingestion and aberrant lysosomal storage/pH, but is independent of MTORC1 signaling. Altogether, our data underscore the cautionary use of chemical buffering agents in cell culture media due to their potentially confounding effects on experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Tol
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | - Tanit L Gabriel
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Jacob J Hagen
- d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Saskia Scheij
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Donker-Koopman
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Hermen Overkleeft
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Marco van Eijk
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
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72731
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Liu J, Zhu H, Wang H, Li J, Han F, Liu Y, Zhang W, He T, Li N, Zheng Z, Hu D. Methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) promoter downregulates Wnt/β-catenin activity in keloids. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:185-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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72732
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Denny P, Feuermann M, Hill DP, Lovering RC, Plun-Favreau H, Roncaglia P. Exploring autophagy with Gene Ontology. Autophagy 2018; 14:419-436. [PMID: 29455577 PMCID: PMC5915032 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1415189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that is well conserved among eukaryotes. It is one of the strategies that cells use to catabolize substances in a controlled way. Autophagy is used for recycling cellular components, responding to cellular stresses and ridding cells of foreign material. Perturbations in autophagy have been implicated in a number of pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, cardiac disease and cancer. The growing knowledge about autophagic mechanisms needs to be collected in a computable and shareable format to allow its use in data representation and interpretation. The Gene Ontology (GO) is a freely available resource that describes how and where gene products function in biological systems. It consists of 3 interrelated structured vocabularies that outline what gene products do at the biochemical level, where they act in a cell and the overall biological objectives to which their actions contribute. It also consists of ‘annotations’ that associate gene products with the terms. Here we describe how we represent autophagy in GO, how we create and define terms relevant to autophagy researchers and how we interrelate those terms to generate a coherent view of the process, therefore allowing an interoperable description of its biological aspects. We also describe how annotation of gene products with GO terms improves data analysis and interpretation, hence bringing a significant benefit to this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Denny
- a Functional Gene Annotation , Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , London , UK
| | - Marc Feuermann
- b SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - David P Hill
- c The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , ME , USA.,f The Gene Ontology Consortium
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- a Functional Gene Annotation , Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , London , UK
| | - Helene Plun-Favreau
- d Department of Molecular Neuroscience , UCL Institute of Neurology , London , UK
| | - Paola Roncaglia
- e European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridge , UK.,f The Gene Ontology Consortium
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72733
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Spigel DR, Hainsworth JD, Joseph MJ, Shipley DL, Hagan MK, Thompson DS, Burris HA, Greco FA. Randomized phase 2 trial of pemetrexed, pemetrexed/bevacizumab, and pemetrexed/carboplatin/bevacizumab in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2. Cancer 2018; 124:1982-1991. [PMID: 29451696 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a poor performance status is not well defined. In this phase 2 trial, patients were randomized to receive treatment with either single-agent pemetrexed or 1 of 2 combination regimens. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed nonsquamous NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 were stratified by age and serum albumin level and were randomized (1:1:1) to 1 of 3 regimens: pemetrexed (arm 1), pemetrexed and bevacizumab (arm 2), or pemetrexed, carboplatin, and bevacizumab (arm 3). The response to treatment was assessed every 2 cycles; responding and stable patients continued treatment until progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS One hundred seventy-two patients were randomized, 162 patients began the study treatment, and 146 patients completed 2 cycles and were evaluated for their response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months in arm 1, 4.0 months in arm 2, and 4.8 months in arm 3. The overall response rates were 15% in arm 1, 31% in arm 2, and 44% in arm 3. The overall survival was similar in the 3 treatment arms. All 3 regimens were relatively well tolerated. Patients receiving bevacizumab had an increased incidence of hypertension, proteinuria, and bleeding episodes, but most events were mild or moderate. CONCLUSIONS All 3 regimens were feasible for patients with advanced NSCLC and an ECOG performance status of 2. The addition of bevacizumab to pemetrexed increased the overall response rate. The efficacy of pemetrexed/carboplatin/bevacizumab (median PFS, 4.8 months) approached the prespecified study PFS goal of 5 months. Larger studies will be necessary to define the role of bevacizumab in addition to standard pemetrexed and carboplatin in this population. Cancer 2018;124:1982-91. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spigel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John D Hainsworth
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mathew J Joseph
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dianna L Shipley
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Dana S Thompson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - F Anthony Greco
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
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72734
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Xu J, Wise JTF, Wang L, Schumann K, Zhang Z, Shi X. Dual Roles of Oxidative Stress in Metal Carcinogenesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2018; 36:345-376. [PMID: 29431065 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2017025229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metal causes cancer in several organs. Although the exact mechanism of heavy metal carcinogenesis remains elusive, metal-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential. ROS can play two roles in metal carcinogenesis; two stages in the process of metal carcinogenesis differ in the amounts of ROS activating a dual redox-mediated mechanism. In the early stage of metal carcinogenesis, ROS acts in an oncogenic role. However, in the late stage of metal carcinogenesis, ROS plays an antioncogenic role. Similarly, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) also has two different roles, which makes it a key molecule for separating metal carcinogenesis into two different stages. In the early stage, inducible Nrf2 fights against elevated ROS to decrease cell transformation by its antioxidant protection property. In the late stage, constitutively activated Nrf2 manipulates reduced ROS to perform a comfortable environment for apoptosis resistance through an oncogenic role. Interestingly, a cunning carcinogenic mechanism takes advantage of the dual role of Nrf2 to implement the dual role of ROS through a series of redox adaption mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the paradox in the rationales behind the two opposite ROS roles and focus on their potential pharmacological application. The dual role of ROS represents a 'double-edged sword' with many possible novel ROS-mediated strategies in cancer therapy in metal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - James T F Wise
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kortney Schumann
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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72735
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Differences in reproductive toxicology between alopecia drugs: an analysis on adverse events among female and male cases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82074-82084. [PMID: 27738338 PMCID: PMC5347675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a dermatological condition with limited therapeutic options. Only two drugs, finasteride and minoxidil, are approved by FDA for alopecia treatment. However, little is known about the differences in adverse effects between these two drugs. We examined the clinical reports submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004 to 2014. For both female and males, finasteride was found to be more associated with reproductive toxicity as compared to minoxidil. Among male alopecia cases, finasteride was significantly more concurrent with several forms of sexual dysfunction. Among female alopecia cases, finasteride was significantly more concurrent with harm to fetus and disorder of uterus. In addition, drug-gene network analysis indicated that finasteride could profoundly disturb pathways related to sex hormone signaling and oocyte maturation. These findings could provide clues for subsequent toxicological research. Taken together, this analysis suggested that finasteride could be more liable to various reproductive adverse effects. Some of these adverse effects have yet to be warned in FDA-approved drug label. This information can help improve the treatment regimen of alopecia and post-marketing regulation of drug products.
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72736
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Methods for Monitoring Autophagy in Silkworm Organs. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29445959 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, various larval organs are remodeled by autophagy during metamorphosis. Although moths and butterflies are among the first animal models in which this self-eating process was described, only in recent years autophagy has been analyzed in detail in these insects. In particular, the silkworm Bombyx mori, which represents a well-studied model among Lepidoptera, provides a wide repertoire of cellular and molecular tools useful for studying the occurrence of autophagy and for evaluating its role in postembryonic development. Here, we describe some morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods to monitor autophagy in silkworm organs.
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72737
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Zhang LT, Peng XB, Fang XQ, Li JF, Chen H, Mao XR. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2545-2552. [PMID: 29484382 PMCID: PMC5846650 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of hUC-MSCs on the proliferation of HSCs in vitro. The upper and lower double-cell co-culture system was established between hUC-MSCs and HSCs in the experimental group. HSCs were cultured alone as a negative control group. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell supernatants were harvested to determine the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by ELISA. mRNA and protein of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 in HSCs were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. In the co-culture group, the proliferation of HSCs was significantly inhibited compared with the negative control group at 24 and 48 h (p<0.05). Apoptosis of HSCs in the co-culture group increased compared with that in the negative control group, which was more obvious at 48 h (p<0.05). The concentration of TGF-β1 in the co-culture group was significantly lower than in the HSCs cultured alone (p<0.05). After HSCs were co-cultured with hUC-MSCs for 48 h, expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA and protein was reduced and expression of Smad7 mRNA and protein was increased compared with the negative control group (p<0.05). hUC-MSCs inhibited proliferation of HSCs, possibly through inhibiting TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression and increasing Smad7 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Fang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Central Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, Shannxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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72738
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Peng H, Tang LL, Chen BB, Chen L, Li WF, Mao YP, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu LZ, Tian L, Guo Y, Sun Y, Ma J. Optimizing the induction chemotherapy regimen for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A big-data intelligence platform-based analysis. Oral Oncol 2018; 79:40-46. [PMID: 29598949 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at identifying the optimal induction chemotherapy regimen for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified eligible patients with newly-diagnosed stage III-IVA NPC (excluding T3N0) between September 2009 and May 2015. Survival outcomes and grade 3-4 toxicities were compared between different IC regimen groups. RESULTS In total, 3738 patients were eligible for this study, with 1572 (42.1%), 1085 (29.0%) and 1081 (28.9%) receiving TPF, PF and TP, respectively. In the whole population, multivariate analysis found that TPF seems to be better than PF and TP. Howerver, subgroup analysis revealed TPF and TP had same effectiveness in patients receiving a cumulative cisplatin dose (CCD) ≥200mg/m2 in concurrent chemotherapy, while TPF shows relatively better survival benefit in patients receiving CCD<200mg/m2. Grade 3-4 toxicities were similar between TPF and TP groups, but were relatively higher than that in PF group. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that induction TP regimen may be enough for patients receiving a CCD≥200mg/m2, while TPF may be superior to TP and PF for patients receiving a CCD<200mg/m2, although grade 3-4 toxic events were more common but tolerable. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Ling-Long Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Wen-Fei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, PR China.
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72739
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Mitchell JA, Knowles RB, Kirkby NS, Reed DM, Edin ML, White WE, Chan MV, Longhurst H, Yaqoob MM, Milne GL, Zeldin DC, Warner TD. Kidney Transplantation in a Patient Lacking Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2 Proves Renal Origins of Urinary PGI-M and TX-M. Circ Res 2018; 122:555-559. [PMID: 29298774 PMCID: PMC5816977 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The balance between vascular prostacyclin, which is antithrombotic, and platelet thromboxane A2, which is prothrombotic, is fundamental to cardiovascular health. Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 are formed after the concerted actions of cPLA2α (cytosolic phospholipase A2) and COX (cyclooxygenase). Urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α (PGI-M) and 11-dehydro-TXB2 (TX-M) have been taken as biomarkers of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 formation within the circulation and used to explain COX biology and patient phenotypes, despite concerns that urinary PGI-M and TX-M originate in the kidney. OBJECTIVE We report data from a remarkable patient carrying an extremely rare genetic mutation in cPLA2α, causing almost complete loss of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, who was transplanted with a normal kidney resulting in an experimental scenario of whole-body cPLA2α knockout, kidney-specific knockin. By studying this patient, we can determine definitively the contribution of the kidney to the productions of PGI-M and TX-M and test their validity as markers of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Endothelial cells were grown from blood progenitors. Before kidney transplantation, the patient's endothelial cells and platelets released negligible levels of prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α) and thromboxane A2 (measured as TXB2), respectively. Likewise, the urinary levels of PGI-M and TX-M were very low. After transplantation and the establishment of normal renal function, the levels of PGI-M and TX-M in the patient's urine rose to within normal ranges, whereas endothelial production of prostacyclin and platelet production of thromboxane A2 remained negligible. CONCLUSIONS These data show that PGI-M and TX-M can be derived exclusively from the kidney without contribution from prostacyclin made by endothelial cells or thromboxane A2 by platelets in the general circulation. Previous work relying on urinary metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 as markers of whole-body endothelial and platelet function now requires reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Mitchell
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Rebecca B Knowles
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Nicholas S Kirkby
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Daniel M Reed
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Matthew L Edin
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - William E White
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Melissa V Chan
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Magdi M Yaqoob
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Ginger L Milne
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.)
| | - Timothy D Warner
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.A.M., N.S.K., D.M.R.); Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (R.B.K., W.E.W., M.V.C., M.M.Y., T.D.W.); National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC (M.L.E., D.C.Z.); Department of Nephrology (W.E.W., M.M.Y.) and Immunology Department (H.L.), Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (G.L.M.).
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72740
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Shen Q, Zhou Z, Liu W, Hua J. Resveratrol changes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) activity and ameliorates their loss in busulfan-induced infertile mouse. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82085-82096. [PMID: 27806317 PMCID: PMC5347676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of quantity and quality of sperm are correlated with the increasing age and some anti-cancer compounds such as busulfan. Previous studies have shown that Resveratrol (Res) inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of many cancers including mammary tumor, prostate and pancreatic cancers. It acts as anti-age in mouse and human, however, little is known about its protective effect on aged spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Here, we investigated the effects of Res in vitro on SSCs using C18-4 cells and in vivo in busulfan-induced azoospermia mice model. The results showed that Res at different concentrations had different effects on C18-4 cells. Treatment with 2 μM of Res promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, but stimulates apoptosis with a higher concentration (20 μM) in C18-4 cells. Using busulfan-induced infertility mice model, we demonstrated that Res (30 mg/kg/d and 100 mg/kg/d) clearly ameliorated SSC loss to recover the spermatogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that Res might be an approach for therapeutic intervention to promote SSC proliferation and cease SSC loss in azoospermia mice model induced by busulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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72741
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Davel AP, Lu Q, Moss ME, Rao S, Anwar IJ, DuPont JJ, Jaffe IZ. Sex-Specific Mechanisms of Resistance Vessel Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007675. [PMID: 29453308 PMCID: PMC5850194 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of obesity is rising, particularly among women. Microvascular dysfunction is more common with female sex, obesity, and hyperlipidemia and predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Because obesity is associated with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation, we tested the hypothesis that MR in endothelial cells contribute to sex differences in resistance vessel dysfunction in response to cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods and Results Male and female endothelial cell–specific MR knockout mice and MR‐intact littermates were randomized to high‐fat‐diet–induced obesity or obesity with hyperlipidemia induced by adeno‐associated virus–based vector targeting transfer of the mutant stable form (DY mutation) of the human PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) gene and compared with control diet. Female but not male mice were sensitive to obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction, whereas endothelial function was impaired in obese hyperlipidemic males and females. In males, obesity or hyperlipidemia decreased the nitric oxide component of vasodilation without altering superoxide production or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression or phosphorylation. Decreased nitric oxide content in obese males was overcome by enhanced endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization–mediated relaxation along with increased SK3 expression. Conversely, in females, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization was significantly impaired by obesity with lower IK1 expression and by hyperlipidemia with lower IK1 and SK3 expression, loss of H2O2‐mediated vasodilation, and increased superoxide production. Endothelial cell–MR deletion prevented endothelial dysfunction induced by risk factors only in females. Rather than restoring endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization in females, endothelial cell–MR deletion enhanced nitric oxide and prevented hyperlipidemia‐induced oxidative stress. Conclusions These data reveal distinct mechanisms driving resistance vessel dysfunction in males versus females and suggest that personalized treatments are needed to prevent the progression of vascular disease in the setting of obesity, depending on both the sex and the metabolic profile of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Davel
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Qing Lu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - M Elizabeth Moss
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sitara Rao
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Imran J Anwar
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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72742
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Singhal U, Wang Y, Henderson J, Niknafs YS, Qiao Y, Gursky A, Zaslavsky A, Chung JS, Smith DC, Karnes RJ, Chang SL, Feng FY, Palapattu GS, Taichman RS, Chinnaiyan AM, Tomlins SA, Morgan TM. Multigene Profiling of CTCs in mCRPC Identifies a Clinically Relevant Prognostic Signature. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:643-654. [PMID: 29453313 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The trend toward precision-based therapeutic approaches dictated by molecular alterations offers substantial promise for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, current approaches for molecular characterization are primarily tissue based, necessitating serial biopsies to understand changes over time and are limited by the challenges inherent to extracting genomic material from predominantly bone metastases. Therefore, a circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based assay was developed to determine gene expression across a panel of clinically relevant and potentially actionable prostate cancer-related genes. CTCs were isolated from the whole blood of mCRPC patients (n = 41) and multiplex qPCR was performed to evaluate expression of prostate cancer-related target genes (n = 78). A large fraction of patients (27/41, 66%) had detectable CTCs. Increased androgen receptor (AR) expression (70% of samples) and evidence of Wnt signaling (67% of samples) were observed. The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion was expressed in 41% of samples, and the aggressive prostate cancer-associated long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 was upregulated in 70%. WNT5a [HR 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63-8.05, P = 0.002], AURKA (HR 5.56, 95% CI, 1.79-17.20, P = 0.003), and BMP7 (HR 3.86, 95% CI, 1.60-9.32, P = 0.003) were independently predictive of overall survival (FDR < 10%) after adjusting for a panel of previously established prognostic variables in mCRPC (Halabi nomogram). A model including Halabi, WNT5a, and AURKA expression, termed the miCTC score, outperformed the Halabi nomogram alone (AUC = 0.89 vs. AUC = 0.70). Understanding the molecular landscape of CTCs has utility in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with aggressive prostate cancer and provides an additional tool in the arsenal of precision-based therapeutic approaches in oncology.Implications: Analysis of CTC gene expression reveals a clinically prognostic "liquid biopsy" signature in patients with metastatic castrate-resistance prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 643-54. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Singhal
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James Henderson
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy Gursky
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jae-Seung Chung
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Urology, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - David C Smith
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - S Laura Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ganesh S Palapattu
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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72743
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Abstract
Once dismissed as an innocuous experience of childhood, bullying is now recognized as having significant psychological effects, particularly with chronic exposure. Victims of bullying are at risk for a number of psychiatric disturbances, and growing evidence suggests that the pathophysiological effects of bullying, as with other forms of trauma and chronic stress, create additional health risks. We review the literature on the known sequelae of bullying, including psychiatric and physiological health effects, with a focus on implications for the victim. In addition, since it is now well established that early and chronic exposure to stress has a significant negative impact on health outcomes, we explore the implications of this research in relation to bullying and victimization in childhood. In particular, we examine how aspects of the stress response, via epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic mediators, have the capacity to compromise mental and physical health, and to increase the risk of disease. Research on the relevant mechanisms associated with bullying and on potential interventions to decrease morbidity is urgently needed.
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72744
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Ionizing radiation reduces ADAM10 expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells undergoing stress-induced senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1248-1268. [PMID: 28437250 PMCID: PMC5425125 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is associated with aging and is considered a potential contributor to age-associated neurodegenerative disease. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of developing premature neurovascular degeneration and dementia but also induces premature senescence. As cells of the cerebrovascular endothelium are particularly susceptible to radiation and play an important role in brain homeostasis, we investigated radiation-induced senescence in brain microvascular endothelial cells (EC). Using biotinylation to label surface proteins, streptavidin enrichment and proteomic analysis, we analyzed the surface proteome of stress-induced senescent EC in culture. An array of both recognized and novel senescence-associated proteins were identified. Most notably, we identified and validated the novel radiation-stimulated down-regulation of the protease, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). ADAM10 is an important modulator of amyloid beta protein production, accumulation of which is central to the pathologies of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Concurrently, we identified and validated increased surface expression of ADAM10 proteolytic targets with roles in neural proliferation and survival, inflammation and immune activation (L1CAM, NEO1, NEST, TLR2, DDX58). ADAM10 may be a key molecule linking radiation, senescence and endothelial dysfunction with increased risk of premature neurodegenerative diseases normally associated with aging.
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72745
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Ramey AM, DeLiberto TJ, Berhane Y, Swayne DE, Stallknecht DE. Lessons learned from research and surveillance directed at highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in wild birds inhabiting North America. Virology 2018; 518:55-63. [PMID: 29453059 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Following detections of highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) in wild birds inhabiting East Asia after the turn of the millennium, the intensity of sampling of wild birds for IAVs increased throughout much of North America. The objectives for many research and surveillance efforts were directed towards detecting Eurasian origin HP IAVs and understanding the potential of such viruses to be maintained and dispersed by wild birds. In this review, we highlight five important lessons learned from research and surveillance directed at HP IAVs in wild birds inhabiting North America: (1) Wild birds may disperse IAVs between North America and adjacent regions via migration, (2) HP IAVs can be introduced to wild birds in North America, (3) HP IAVs may cross the wild bird-poultry interface in North America, (4) The probability of encountering and detecting a specific virus may be low, and (5) Population immunity of wild birds may influence HP IAV outbreaks in North America. We review empirical support derived from research and surveillance efforts for each lesson learned and, furthermore, identify implications for future surveillance efforts, biosecurity, and population health. We conclude our review by identifying five additional areas in which we think future mechanistic research relative to IAVs in wild birds in North America are likely to lead to other important lessons learned in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Ramey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Thomas J DeLiberto
- National Wildlife Disease Program, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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72746
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He Y, Bunn PA, Zhou C, Chan D. KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) and KIR 3DL1 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82104-82111. [PMID: 27893413 PMCID: PMC5347678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nature killer (NK) cells are the immune system's first line of defense against both viral infections and tumors. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are associated with susceptibility to different types of cancers. We investigated KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) and KIR 3DL1 protein expression and their association with survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The expression of KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) (BC032422/ ADQ31987/ NP_002246/ NP_036446, ABCAM) and KIR 3DL1 (AA 1-444, ABCAM) protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 62 NSCLC patients. Results KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) and KIR 3DL1 were expressed both on NSCLC tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Fourteen samples (22.6%) stained positive for KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) on the tumor cells, and 10 (16.1%) had positive expression on the TILs. Thirty-three samples (53.2%) stained positive for KIR 3DL1 on the tumor cells, and 31 (50.0%) had positive expression on the TILs. Patients with negative KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) expression on tumor cells or TILs had longer overall survival (OS) than patients who are KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) positive on tumor cells (40.70 weeks, 95% CI 24.76-56.65 vs. 7.10 weeks, 95% CI 0.00-19.38, P = 0.014) or TILs (40.70 weeks, 95% CI 24.05-57.35 vs. 3.90 weeks, 95% CI 0.00-9.17, P < 0.001). Likewise, longer OS was significantly correlated with negative expression of KIR 3DL1 on tumor cells (62.30 weeks, 95% CI 0.00-177.37 vs. 13.10 weeks, 95% CI 3.42-22.78, P < 0.001) or TILs (62.30 weeks, 95% CI 0.00-152.05 vs. 12.10 weeks, 95% CI 2.61-21.59, P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) on TILs was correlated with OS (P = 0.032, Odds Ratio 2.628 95%CI 1.089-6.340). Conclusions KIR 2D (L1, L3, L4, S4) and KIR 3DL1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul A Bunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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72747
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Generation and application of replication-competent Venus-expressing H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza A viruses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:176-186. [PMID: 36659003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The generation and application of replication-competent influenza A virus (IAV) expressing a reporter gene represent a valuable tool to elucidate the mechanism of viral pathogenesis and establish new countermeasures to combat the threat of influenza. Here, replication-competent IAVs with a neuraminidase (NA) segment harboring a fluorescent reporter protein, Venus, were generated in the background of H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza viruses, the three subtypes of viruses with imminent pandemic potential. All three reporter viruses maintained virion morphology, replicated with similar or slightly reduced titers relative to their parental viruses, and stably expressed the fluorescent signal for at least two passages in embryonated chicken eggs. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that these reporter viruses, used in combination with a high-content imaging system, can serve as a convenient and rapid tool for the screening of antivirals and host factors involved in the virus life cycle. Moreover, the reporter viruses demonstrated similar growth properties and tissue tropism as their parental viruses in mice, among which the H7N9 NA-Venus virus could potentially be used in ex vivo studies to better understand H7N9 pathogenesis or to develop novel therapeutics.
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72748
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Vulovic M, Divac N, Jakovcevski I. Confocal Synaptology: Synaptic Rearrangements in Neurodegenerative Disorders and upon Nervous System Injury. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:11. [PMID: 29497366 PMCID: PMC5818405 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a notable exception to the rule that the cell is the structural and functional unit of tissue systems and organs. The functional unit of the nervous system is the synapse, the contact between two nerve cells. As such, synapses are the foci of investigations of nervous system organization and function, as well as a potential readout for the progression of various disorders of the nervous system. In the past decade the development of antibodies specific to presynaptic terminals has enabled us to assess, at the optical, laser scanning microscopy level, these subcellular structures, and has provided a simple method for the quantification of various synapses. Indeed, excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory synapses can be visualized using antibodies against the respective vesicular transporters, and choline-acetyl transferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity identifies cholinergic synapses throughout the central nervous system. Here we review the results of several studies in which these methods were used to estimate synaptic numbers as the structural equivalent of functional outcome measures in spinal cord and femoral nerve injuries, as well as in genetic mouse models of neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results implicate disease- and brain region-specific changes in specific types of synapses, which correlate well with the degree of functional deficit caused by the disease process. Additionally, results are reproducible between various studies and experimental paradigms, supporting the reliability of the method. To conclude, this quantitative approach enables fast and reliable estimation of the degree of the progression of neurodegenerative changes and can be used as a parameter of recovery in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Vulovic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Divac
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Institute for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
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72749
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The androgen receptor variant AR-V7 is gaining attention as a potential predictive marker for as well as one of the resistance mechanisms to the most current anti-androgen receptor (AR) therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Accordingly, development of next-generation drugs that directly or indirectly target AR-V7 signaling is urgently needed. Areas covered: We review proposed mechanisms of drug resistance in relation to AR-V7 status, the mechanisms of generation of AR-V7, and its transcriptome, cistrome, and interactome. Pharmacological agents that interfere with these processes are being developed to counteract pan AR and AR-V7-specific signaling. Also, we address the current status of the preclinical and clinical studies targeting AR-V7 signaling. Expert opinion: AR-V7 is considered a true therapeutic target, however, it remains to be determined if AR-V7 is a principal driver or merely a bystander requiring heterodimerization with co-expressed full-length AR or other variants to drive CRPC progression. While untangling AR-V7 biology, multiple strategies are being developed to counteract drug resistance, including selective blockade of AR-V7 signaling as well as inhibition of pan-AR signaling. Ideally anti-AR therapies will be combined with agents preventing activation and enrichment of AR negative tumor cells that are otherwise depressed by AR activity axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uo
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Stephen R Plymate
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Cynthia C Sprenger
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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72750
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Gao J, Langemeyer L, Kümmel D, Reggiori F, Ungermann C. Molecular mechanism to target the endosomal Mon1-Ccz1 GEF complex to the pre-autophagosomal structure. eLife 2018; 7:31145. [PMID: 29446751 PMCID: PMC5841931 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During autophagy, a newly formed double membrane surrounds its cargo to generate the so-called autophagosome, which then fuses with a lysosome after closure. Previous work implicated that endosomal Rab7/Ypt7 associates to autophagosomes prior to their fusion with lysosomes. Here, we unravel how the Mon1-Ccz1 guanosine exchange factor (GEF) acting upstream of Ypt7 is specifically recruited to the pre-autophagosomal structure under starvation conditions. We find that Mon1-Ccz1 directly binds to Atg8, the yeast homolog of the members of the mammalian LC3 protein family. This requires at least one LIR motif in the Ccz1 C-terminus, which is essential for autophagy but not for endosomal transport. In agreement, only wild-type, but not LIR-mutated Mon1-Ccz1 promotes Atg8-dependent activation of Ypt7. Our data reveal how GEF targeting can specify the fate of a newly formed organelle and provide new insights into the regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy is a word derived from the Greek for “self-eating”. It describes a biological process in which a living cell breaks down its own material to release their chemical building blocks that can then be used to make new molecules. Autophagy is often triggered when a cell becomes damaged or when nutrients are in short supply. The hallmark of autophagy is the formation of structures called autophagosomes. These structures capture the cellular material, fuse with other compartments in the cell – namely endosomes in animals and vacuoles in yeast – and then deliver the material inside, ready to be broken down. For an autophagosome to fuse to an endosome or a vacuole, small proteins of the Rab protein family must be located on the surface of the autophagosome. Rab proteins are recruited to this surface by enzymes known as GEFs. However it remains unclear how most GEFs get to the surface of a compartment within the cell to begin with. The Mon1-Ccz1 complex is a GEF that occurs in yeast and animals, including fruit flies and humans. It is found on endosomes, and was recently shown to also localize to autophagosomes. Now, Gao et al. report that, in yeast, the Mon1-Ccz1 complex binds directly to a protein named Atg8. This protein is anchored on to the surface of autophagosomes, and is closely related to other proteins in animal cells. Gao et al. discovered that this specific GEF binds to Atg8 via at least one binding site on its Ccz1 component. This binding site is only needed for the GEF to localize to the autophagosomes; the Mon1-Czz1 complex can still bind to endosomes without it. Blocking the GEF from binding to Atg8 stopped the autophagosomes from fusing with vacuoles. These findings reveal how a GEF can be targeted to two distinct compartments in the cell: endosomes and autophagosomes. Further work is now needed to understand how this process is regulated by the availability of nutrients or damage to the cell, to ensure that autophagy is only triggered under the right conditions. Also, because cancer cells often rely on autophagy to survive, the molecules that regulate this process could represent possible targets for new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Gao
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lars Langemeyer
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Daniel Kümmel
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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