851
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Cabassa LJ. Implementation Science: Why it matters for the future of social work. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION 2016; 52:S38-S50. [PMID: 28216992 PMCID: PMC5312777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between research and practice is a critical frontier for the future of social work. Integrating implementation science into social work can advance our profession's effort to bring research and practice closer together. Implementation science examines the factors, processes, and strategies that influence the uptake, use, and sustainability of empirically-supported interventions, practice innovations, and social policies in routine practice settings. The aims of this paper are to describe the key characteristics of implementation science, illustrate how implementation science matters to social work by describing several contributions this field can make to reducing racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care, and outline a training agenda to help integrate implementation science in graduate-level social work programs.
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852
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King AC, Winter SJ, Sheats JL, Rosas LG, Buman MP, Salvo D, Rodriguez NM, Seguin RA, Moran M, Garber R, Broderick B, Zieff SG, Sarmiento OL, Gonzalez SA, Banchoff A, Dommarco JR. Leveraging Citizen Science and Information Technology for Population Physical Activity Promotion. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2016; 1:30-44. [PMID: 27525309 PMCID: PMC4978140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While technology is a major driver of many of society's comforts, conveniences, and advances, it has been responsible, in a significant way, for engineering regular physical activity and a number of other positive health behaviors out of people's daily lives. A key question concerns how to harness information and communication technologies (ICT) to bring about positive changes in the health promotion field. One such approach involves community-engaged "citizen science," in which local residents leverage the potential of ICT to foster data-driven consensus-building and mobilization efforts that advance physical activity at the individual, social, built environment, and policy levels. METHOD The history of citizen science in the research arena is briefly described and an evidence-based method that embeds citizen science in a multi-level, multi-sectoral community-based participatory research framework for physical activity promotion is presented. RESULTS Several examples of this citizen science-driven community engagement framework for promoting active lifestyles, called "Our Voice", are discussed, including pilot projects from diverse communities in the U.S. as well as internationally. CONCLUSIONS The opportunities and challenges involved in leveraging citizen science activities as part of a broader population approach to promoting regular physical activity are explored. The strategic engagement of citizen scientists from socio-demographically diverse communities across the globe as both assessment as well as change agents provides a promising, potentially low-cost and scalable strategy for creating more active, healthful, and equitable neighborhoods and communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby C. King
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sandra J. Winter
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jylana L. Sheats
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lisa G. Rosas
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Matthew P. Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | - Nicole M. Rodriguez
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Mika Moran
- The University of Haifa School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, the University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Randi Garber
- Eshel–The Association for the Planning and Development of Services for the Aged in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Susan G. Zieff
- Laboratory for Studies in Physical Activity, Culture & Education, Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Ann Banchoff
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Juan Rivera Dommarco
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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853
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Santilli A, Carroll-Scott A, Ickovics JR. Applying Community Organizing Principles to Assess Health Needs in New Haven, Connecticut. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:841-7. [PMID: 26985599 PMCID: PMC4985100 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Affordable Care Act added requirements for nonprofit hospitals to conduct community health needs assessments. Guidelines are minimal; however, they require input and representation from the broader community. This call echoes 2 decades of literature on the importance of including community members in all aspects of research design, a tenet of community organizing. We describe a community-engaged research approach to a community health needs assessment in New Haven, Connecticut. We demonstrate that a robust community organizing approach provided unique research benefits: access to residents for data collection, reliable data, leverage for community-driven interventions, and modest improvements in behavioral risk. We make recommendations for future community-engaged efforts and workforce development, which are important for responding to increasing calls for community health needs assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia Santilli
- At the time of the study, Alycia Santilli, Jeannette R. Ickovics, and Amy Carroll-Scott were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Amy Carroll-Scott
- At the time of the study, Alycia Santilli, Jeannette R. Ickovics, and Amy Carroll-Scott were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeannette R Ickovics
- At the time of the study, Alycia Santilli, Jeannette R. Ickovics, and Amy Carroll-Scott were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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854
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Goldenberg T, Finneran C, Andes KL, Stephenson R. Using participant-empowered visual relationship timelines in a qualitative study of sexual behaviour. Glob Public Health 2016; 11:699-718. [PMID: 27092985 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2016.1170869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examines how the use of participant-empowered visual relationship timelines adds to the quality of an ongoing qualitative data collection in a case study examining the influence of emotions on sexual risk-taking and perceptions of HIV risk among men who have sex with men. Gay and bisexual men (n = 25) participated in a 10-week, three-phase study. During a baseline in-depth interview, participants created a visual timeline using labelled stickers to retrospectively examine their dating/sexual histories. Participants then completed three web-based quantitative personal relationship diaries, tracking sexual experiences during follow-up. These data were extracted and discussed in a timeline-based debrief interview. The visual cues assisted with data collection by prompting discussion through the immediate identification of patterns, opportunities for self-reflection, and rapport-building. The use of flexible data collection tools also allowed for a participant-empowered approach in which the participant controlled the interview process. Through this process, we learned strategies for improving a participant-empowered approach to qualitative research, including: allowing visual activities to drive the interview, using flexible guidelines to prompt activities, and using discrete imagery to increase participant comfort. It is important that qualitative data collection utilise more participatory approaches for gains in data quality and participant comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Goldenberg
- a Department of Behavior and Biological Sciences , University of Michigan School of Nursing , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Catherine Finneran
- c Hubert Department of Global Health , Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Karen L Andes
- c Hubert Department of Global Health , Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- a Department of Behavior and Biological Sciences , University of Michigan School of Nursing , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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855
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Hardy LJ, Hughes A, Hulen E, Schwartz AL. Implementing Qualitative Data Management Plans to Ensure Ethical Standards in Multi-Partner Centers. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2016; 11:191-8. [PMID: 27074911 DOI: 10.1177/1556264616636233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thorough data management is crucial for the protection of people who participate in research and the ability for researchers to share results with the public. The impact of inadequate adherence to data management is particularly evident in small field sites and among vulnerable populations partoicipating in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR). CBPR presents exciting opportunities for multimedia and multi-sectoral dissemination of research results and policy change, especially concerning the impact of research on health equity for underrepresented populations. In this article, we discuss how we defined data boundaries and protections to adhere to ethical standards while also prioritizing data dissemination while using CBPR with American Indians in Arizona. Although complex partnerships can introduce additional risks to data oversight, data management practices can also increase opportunities for wide-reaching dissemination. We hope to contribute to the literature on data sharing in multi-partnership projects to bolster the impact of dissemination while also protecting participants and populations who chose to collaborate in research and policy practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Hardy
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA
| | - Amy Hughes
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hulen
- Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, Health Services Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, USA
| | - Anna L Schwartz
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA Center for American Indian Reslience, AZ, USA
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856
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Ullrich-French S, Cole AN, Montgomery AK. Evaluation development for a physical activity positive youth development program for girls. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2016; 55:67-76. [PMID: 26741783 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Girls on the Run (GOTR) is an after school program for girls in third through fifth grade which utilizes a physical activity based positive youth development curriculum that culminates with completing a 5K run. Unfortunately, there is little empirical data documenting GOTR participant changes that align with the curriculum and describe the evaluation process. Therefore, this study presents an evaluation of GOTR consisting of three main processes: curriculum content analysis and stakeholder focus groups (N=11) to identify key outcomes of the program; community-based participatory research to collaborate with program personnel to further identify important outcomes; and the design and pilot testing of an instrument (N=104) for assessing changes in the theoretically grounded outcomes over time. Findings demonstrated a positive collaborative process that led to important information to be used for an impact evaluation of Girls on the Run and for future evaluation development efforts for physical activity based positive youth development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy N Cole
- Washington State University, United States
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857
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Cultural Meanings of Mothering Through the Eyes of African American Adolescent Mothers. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2016; 39:E1-E16. [PMID: 27149231 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The life-course perspective considers the effects of chronic, high levels of stress as contributing to the disparity in infant mortality between African Americans and all other groups. Many young mothers are mothering their children in isolation without benefit of the cultural safety net that once existed, further contributing to a state of chronic stress. This study explored the cultural meanings of mothering for African American adolescent mothers using Photovoice, a participatory research methodology. Results suggested a network consisting of extended kin and "other mothers" is integral in providing support and identifying cultural strengths used in coping and reducing effects of chronic stress.
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858
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Penrod J, Loeb SJ, Ladonne RA, Martin LM. Empowering Change Agents in Hierarchical Organizations: Participatory Action Research in Prisons. Res Nurs Health 2016; 39:142-53. [PMID: 27028096 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Participatory action research (PAR) approaches harness collaborative partnerships to stimulate change in defined communities. The purpose of this article is to illustrate key methodological strategies used in the application of PAR methods in the particularly challenging environment of a hierarchical organization. A study designed to promote sustainable, insider-generated system-level changes in the provision of end-of-life (EOL) care in the restrictive setting of six state prisons is used as an exemplar of the application of three cardinal principles of PAR. First, development of a collaborative network with active partnership between outsider academic researchers and insider co-researchers began with careful attention to understanding the culture and processes of prisons and gaining the support of organizational leadership, using qualitative data gathering and trust-building. During the implementation phase, promoting co-ownership of change in EOL care through the co-construction of knowledge and systems to enhance sustainable change required carefully-orchestrated strategies to maximize the collaborative spirit of the project. Co-researchers were empowered to examine their worlds and capture opportunities for change using new leadership skills role-modeled by the research team. Third, their local knowledge of the barriers inherent in the contextual reality of prisons was translated into achievable system change by production of a toolkit of formalized and well-rehearsed change strategies that collaborative teams were empowered to enact within their hierarchical prison environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Penrod
- Professor, College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Nursing Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Susan J Loeb
- Associate Professor, College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Robert A Ladonne
- Community Partner, College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Lea M Martin
- Community Partner, College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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859
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Akintobi TH, Hoffman LM, McAllister C, Goodin L, Hernandez ND, Rollins L, Miller A. Assessing the Oral Health Needs of African American Men in Low-Income, Urban Communities. Am J Mens Health 2016; 12:326-337. [PMID: 27008993 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316639912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in oral health status in the United States, pronounced racial/ethnic disparities exist. Black men are less likely to visit the dentist, are twice as likely to experience tooth decay, and have a significantly lower 5-year oral cancer survival rate when compared to White men. The Minority Men's Oral Health Dental Access Program employed a community-based participatory research approach to examine the oral health barriers and opportunities for intervention among Black men in a low-income, urban neighborhood. A cross-sectional study design was implemented through a self-administered survey completed among 154 Black males. The majority reported not having dental insurance (68.8%). Most frequently cited oral health care barriers were lack of dental insurance and not being able to afford dental care. Attitudes related to the significance of dental care centered on cancer prevention and feeling comfortable with one's smile. The impact of oral health on daily life centered on social interaction, with men citing insecurities associated with eating, talking, and smiling due to embarrassment with how their teeth/mouth looked to others. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that those who had difficulty finding dental care were 4.81 times (odds ratio = 4.65, 95% confidence interval [1.80, 12.85]) more likely to report no dental insurance, and 2.73 times (odds ratio = 3.72; 95% confidence interval [1.12, 6.70]) more likely to report poor oral health. Community-based participatory approaches include assessment of neighborhood residents affected by the health issue to frame interventions that resonate and are more effective. Social, physical, and infrastructural factors may emerge, requiring a multilevel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Goodin
- 3 Fulton County Department of Health and Wellness, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Assia Miller
- 4 McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, GA, USA
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860
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Langdon SE, Golden SL, Arnold EM, Maynor RF, Bryant A, Freeman VK, Bell RA. Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Participatory Research Mental Health Promotion Program for American Indian Youth. Health Promot Pract 2016; 17:457-63. [PMID: 27009131 DOI: 10.1177/1524839916636568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background American Indian (AI) youth have the highest rates of suicide among racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. Community-based strategies are essential to address this issue, and community-based participatory research (CBPR) offers a model to engage AI communities in mental health promotion programming. Objectives This article describes successes and challenges of a CBPR, mixed-method project, The Lumbee Rite of Passage (LROP), an academic-community partnership to develop and implement a suicide prevention program for Lumbee AI youth in North Carolina. Method LROP was conducted in two phases to (1) understand knowledge and perceptions of existing mental health resources and (2) develop, implement, and evaluate a cultural enrichment program as a means of suicide prevention. Discussion/Results LROP implemented an effective community-academic partnership by (1) identifying and understanding community contexts, (2) maintaining equitable partnerships, and (3) implementing a culturally tailored research design targeting multilevel changes to support mental health. Strategies formed from the partnership alleviated challenges in each of these key CBPR concept areas. Conclusions LROP highlights how a CBPR approach contributes to positive outcomes and identifies opportunities for future collaboration in a tribal community. Using culturally appropriate CBPR strategies is critical to achieving sustainable, effective programs to improve mental health of AI youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alfred Bryant
- University of North Carolina, Pembroke, Pembroke, NC, USA
| | | | - Ronny A Bell
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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861
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Kim KB, Kim MT, Lee HB, Nguyen T, Bone LR, Levine D. Community Health Workers Versus Nurses as Counselors or Case Managers in a Self-Help Diabetes Management Program. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:1052-8. [PMID: 26985607 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To confirm the effectiveness of community health workers' involvement as counselors or case managers in a self-help diabetes management program in 2009 to 2014. METHODS Our open-label, randomized controlled trial determined the effectiveness of a self-help intervention among Korean Americans aged 35 to 80 years in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. We measured and analyzed physiological and psychobehavioral health outcomes of the community health worker-counseled (n = 54) and registered nurse (RN)-counseled (n = 51) intervention groups in comparison with the control group (n = 104). RESULTS The community health workers' performance was comparable to that of the RNs for both psychobehavioral outcomes (e.g., self-efficacy, quality of life) and physiological outcomes. The community health worker-counseled group showed hemoglobin A1C reductions from baseline (-1.2%, -1.5%, -1.3%, and -1.6%, at months 3, 6, 9, and 12, respectively), all of which were greater than reductions in the RN-counseled (-0.7%, -0.9%, -0.9%, and -1.0%) or the control (-0.5%, -0.5%, -0.6%, and -0.7%) groups. CONCLUSIONS Community health workers performed as well as or better than nurses as counselors or case managers in a self-help diabetes management program in a Korean American community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim B Kim
- Kim B. Kim is with Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, MD. Miyong T. Kim is with the School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin. Hochang B. Lee is with the School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tam Nguyen is with the Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA. Lee R. Bone is with the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. David Levine is with the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Miyong T Kim
- Kim B. Kim is with Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, MD. Miyong T. Kim is with the School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin. Hochang B. Lee is with the School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tam Nguyen is with the Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA. Lee R. Bone is with the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. David Levine is with the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Hochang B Lee
- Kim B. Kim is with Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, MD. Miyong T. Kim is with the School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin. Hochang B. Lee is with the School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tam Nguyen is with the Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA. Lee R. Bone is with the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. David Levine is with the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Kim B. Kim is with Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, MD. Miyong T. Kim is with the School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin. Hochang B. Lee is with the School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tam Nguyen is with the Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA. Lee R. Bone is with the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. David Levine is with the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Lee R Bone
- Kim B. Kim is with Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, MD. Miyong T. Kim is with the School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin. Hochang B. Lee is with the School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tam Nguyen is with the Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA. Lee R. Bone is with the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. David Levine is with the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - David Levine
- Kim B. Kim is with Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, MD. Miyong T. Kim is with the School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin. Hochang B. Lee is with the School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Tam Nguyen is with the Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA. Lee R. Bone is with the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. David Levine is with the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
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862
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Green AE, Trott E, Willging CE, Finn NK, Ehrhart MG, Aarons GA. The role of collaborations in sustaining an evidence-based intervention to reduce child neglect. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 53:4-16. [PMID: 26712422 PMCID: PMC4818183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Child neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment and represents 79.5% of open child-welfare cases. A recent study found the evidence-based intervention (EBI) SafeCare(®) (SC) to significantly reduce child neglect recidivism rates. To fully capitalize on the effectiveness of such EBIs, service systems must engage in successful implementation and sustainment; however, little is known regarding what factors influence EBI sustainment. Collaborations among stakeholders are suggested as a means for facilitating EBI implementation and sustainment. This study combines descriptive quantitative survey data with qualitative interview and focus group findings to examine the role of collaboration within the context of public-private partnerships in 11 child welfare systems implementing SC. Participants included administrators of government child welfare systems and community-based organizations, as well as supervisors, coaches, and home visitors of the SC program. Sites were classified as fully-, partially-, and non-sustaining based on implementation fidelity. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine differences in stakeholder reported Effective Collaboration scores across fully-sustaining, partially-sustaining, and non-sustaining sites. Qualitative transcripts were analyzed via open and focused coding to identify the commonality, diversity, and complexity of collaborations involved in implementing and sustaining SC. Fully-sustaining sites reported significantly greater levels of effective collaboration than non-sustaining sites. Key themes described by SC stakeholders included shared vision, building on existing relationships, academic support, problem solving and resource sharing, and maintaining collaborations over time. Both quantitative and qualitative results converge in highlighting the importance of effective collaboration in EBI sustainment in child welfare service systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Green
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (8012) La Jolla, CA 92093-0812, USA
| | - Elise Trott
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
- Department of Anthropology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cathleen E. Willging
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
- Department of Anthropology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Natalie K. Finn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (8012) La Jolla, CA 92093-0812, USA
| | - Mark G. Ehrhart
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego CA, 92182-4611, USA
| | - Gregory A. Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (8012) La Jolla, CA 92093-0812, USA
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863
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Holden K, Akintobi T, Hopkins J, Belton A, McGregor B, Blanks S, Wrenn G. Community Engaged Leadership to Advance Health Equity and Build Healthier Communities. SOCIAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 5:2. [PMID: 27713839 PMCID: PMC5048675 DOI: 10.3390/socsci5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Health is a human right. Equity in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and, more pragmatically, that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential. Addressing the multi-faceted health needs of ethnically and culturally diverse individuals in the United States is a complex issue that requires inventive strategies to reduce risk factors and buttress protective factors to promote greater well-being among individuals, families, and communities. With growing diversity concerning various ethnicities and nationalities; and with significant changes in the constellation of multiple of risk factors that can influence health outcomes, it is imperative that we delineate strategic efforts that encourage better access to primary care, focused community-based programs, multi-disciplinary clinical and translational research methodologies, and health policy advocacy initiatives that may improve individuals' longevity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Holden
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Tabia Akintobi
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Prevention Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Jammie Hopkins
- Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Allyson Belton
- Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Brian McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Starla Blanks
- Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Glenda Wrenn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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864
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Moore AA, Karno MP, Ray L, Ramirez K, Barenstein V, Portillo MJ, Rizo P, Borok J, Liao DH, Barron J, del Pino HE, Valenzuela A, Barry KL. Development and Preliminary Testing of a Promotora-Delivered, Spanish Language, Counseling Intervention for Heavy Drinking among Male, Latino Day Laborers. J Subst Abuse Treat 2016; 62:96-101. [PMID: 26738641 PMCID: PMC4744478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study developed and then tested the feasibility, acceptability and initial efficacy of a 3-session, culturally adapted, intervention combining motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and strengths-based case management (SBCM) delivered by promotoras in Spanish to reduce heavy drinking among male, Latino day laborers. A pilot two-group randomized trial (N=29) was conducted to evaluate the initial efficacy of MET/SBCM compared to brief feedback (BF). Alcohol-related measures were assessed at 6, 12 and 18weeks after baseline. Most intervention group participants (12/14) attended all counseling sessions and most participants (25/29) remained in the study at 18weeks. Alcohol related measures improved in both groups over time with no statistically significant differences observed at any of the time points. However the comparative effect size of MET/SBCM on weekly drinking was in the large range at 6-weeks and in the moderate range at 12-weeks. Post hoc analyses identified a statistically significant reduction in number of drinks over time for participants in the intervention group but not for control group participants. Despite the extreme vulnerability of the population, most participants completed all sessions of MET/SBCM and reported high satisfaction with the intervention. We feel our community partnership facilitated these successes. Additional studies of community-partnered and culturally adapted interventions are needed to reduce heavy drinking among the growing population of Latinos in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Moore
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Mitchell P Karno
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Lara Ray
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Karina Ramirez
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Veronica Barenstein
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Marlom J Portillo
- IDEPSCA, Workers Health Program, 1565W. 14th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90015.
| | - Patricia Rizo
- IDEPSCA, Workers Health Program, 1565W. 14th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90015.
| | - Jenna Borok
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Diana H Liao
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Juan Barron
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Homero E del Pino
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Abel Valenzuela
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.
| | - Kristin L Barry
- University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 16, Room 217W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109.
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865
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Li J, Brock J, Jack B, Mittman B, Naylor M, Sorra J, Mays G, Williams MV. Project ACHIEVE - using implementation research to guide the evaluation of transitional care effectiveness. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:70. [PMID: 26896024 PMCID: PMC4759940 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly managed hospital discharges and care transitions between health care facilities can cause poor outcomes for both patients and their caregivers. Unfortunately, the usual approach to health care delivery does not support continuity and coordination across the settings of hospital, doctors' offices, home or nursing homes. Though complex efforts with multiple components can improve patient outcomes and reduce 30-day readmissions, research has not identified which components are necessary. Also we do not know how delivery of core components may need to be adjusted based on patient, caregiver, setting or characteristics of the community, or how system redesign can be accelerated. METHODS/DESIGN Project ACHIEVE focuses on diverse Medicare populations such as individuals with multiple chronic diseases, patients with low health literacy/numeracy and limited English proficiency, racial and ethnic minority groups, low-income groups, residents of rural areas, and individuals with disabilities. During the first phase, we will use focus groups to identify the transitional care outcomes and components that matter most to patients and caregivers to inform development and validation of assessment instruments. During the second phase, we will evaluate the comparative effectiveness of multi-component care transitions programs occurring across the U.S. Using a mixed-methods approach for this evaluation, we will study historical (retrospective) and current and future (prospective) groups of patients, caregivers and providers using site visits, surveys, and clinical and claims data. In this natural experiment observational study, we use a fractional factorial study design to specify comparators and estimate the individual and combined effects of key transitional care components. DISCUSSION Our study will determine which evidence-based transitional care components and/or clusters most effectively produce patient and caregiver desired outcomes overall and among diverse patient and caregiver populations in different healthcare settings. Using the results, we will develop concrete, actionable recommendations regarding how best to implement these strategies. Finally, this work will provide tools for hospitals, community-based organizations, patients, caregivers, clinicians and other stakeholders to help them make informed decisions about which strategies are most effective and how best to implement them in their communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered as NCT02354482 on clinicaltrials.gov on 1/29/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Administrative Director of the Center for Health Services Research, Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jane Brock
- Care Transitions Theme Support Center, Telligen, Englewood, CO, USA.
| | - Brian Jack
- Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brian Mittman
- Research Scientist, Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, VA Center for Implementation Practice and Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- UCLA School of Medicine, UCLA Clinical Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mary Naylor
- Director of NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Glen Mays
- National Coordinating Center for Public Health Services & Systems Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Mark V Williams
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Clinic J525, Lexington, KY, 40536-0284, USA.
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866
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Nöstlinger C, Loos J. Involving lay community researchers in epidemiological research: experiences from a seroprevalence study among sub-Saharan African migrants. AIDS Care 2016; 28 Suppl 1:119-23. [PMID: 26885938 PMCID: PMC4828617 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1146398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has received considerable attention during past decades as a method to increase community ownership in research and prevention. We discuss its application to epidemiological research using the case of second-generation surveillance conducted among sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants in Antwerp city. To inform evidence-based prevention planning for this target group, this HIV-prevalence study used two-stage time-location sampling preceded by formative research. Extensive collaborative partnerships were built with community organizations, a Community Advisory Board provided input throughout the project, and community researchers were trained to participate in all phases of the seroprevalence study. Valid oral fluid samples for HIV testing were collected among 717 SSA migrants and linked to behavioural data assessed through an anonymous survey between December 2013 and August 2014. A qualitative content analysis of various data sources (extensive field notes, minutes of intervision, and training protocols) collected at 77 data collection visits in 51 settings was carried out to describe experiences with challenges and opportunities inherent to the CBPR approach at three crucial stages of the research process: building collaborative partnerships; implementing the study; dissemination of findings including prevention planning. The results show that CBPR is feasible in conducting scientifically sound epidemiological research, but certain requirements need to be in place. These include among others sufficient resources to train, coordinate, and supervise community researchers; continuity in the implementation; transparency about decision-taking and administrative procedures, and willingness to share power and control over the full research process. CBPR contributed to empowering community researchers on a personal level, and to create greater HIV prevention demand in the SSA communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasna Loos
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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867
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Avey JP, Hiratsuka VY, Beans JA, Trinidad SB, Tyndale RF, Robinson RF. Perceptions of pharmacogenetic research to guide tobacco cessation by patients, providers and leaders in a tribal healthcare setting. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:405-15. [PMID: 26871371 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Describe patients,' providers' and healthcare system leaders' perceptions of pharmacogenetic research to guide tobacco cessation treatment in an American Indian/Alaska Native primary care setting. MATERIALS & METHODS This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with 20 American Indian/Alaska Native current or former tobacco users, 12 healthcare providers and nine healthcare system leaders. RESULTS Participants supported pharmacogenetic research to guide tobacco cessation treatment provided that a community-based participatory research approach be employed, research closely coordinate with existing tobacco cessation services and access to pharmacogenetic test results be restricted to providers involved in tobacco cessation. CONCLUSION Despite a history of mistrust toward genetic research in tribal communities, participants expressed willingness to support pharmacogenetic research to guide tobacco cessation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedon P Avey
- Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, 4105 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Vanessa Y Hiratsuka
- Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, 4105 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Julie A Beans
- Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, 4105 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Susan Brown Trinidad
- Department of Bioethics & Humanities, University of Washington, Box 357120, Seattle, WA 98195-7120, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Departments of Psychiatry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building Room 4326, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Renee F Robinson
- Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, 4105 Tudor Centre Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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868
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Weiss D, Lillefjell M, Magnus E. Facilitators for the development and implementation of health promoting policy and programs - a scoping review at the local community level. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:140. [PMID: 26869177 PMCID: PMC4751684 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion, with a focus on multidimensional upstream factors and an ecological, life-course approach, is establishing itself as the guiding philosophy for addressing public health. Action at the political and programmatic level on the Social Determinants of Health has proven effective for promoting and building public health at all levels but has been particularly evident at the national and international levels - due in large part to available documents and guidelines. Although research and experience establish that health promotion is most effective when settings-based, the development of health promoting policies and programs at the local level is still difficult. This study intended to investigate available knowledge on the development and implementation of health promoting policies and programs at the local level and identify factors most important for facilitating capacity building and outcome achievement. METHODS We used a scoping review in order to review the current literature on local policy development and program implementation. Keywords were chosen based on results of a previous literature review. A total of 53 articles were divided into two categories: policy and implementation. Critical analysis was conducted for each article and a summary assembled. Data was charted with specific focus on the aims of the study, data acquisition, key theories/concepts/frameworks used, outcome measures, results, and conclusions. RESULTS The articles included in this study primarily focused on discussing factors that facilitate the development of health promoting policy and the implementation of health promotion programs. Most significant facilitators included: collaborative decision-making, agreement of objectives and goals, local planning and action, effective leadership, building and maintaining trust, availability of resources, a dynamic approach, a realistic time-frame, and trained and knowledgeable staff. Within each of these important facilitating factors, various elements supporting implementation were discussed and highlighted in this study. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that clear and consistent facilitators exist for supporting health promoting policy development and program implementation at the local level. These results offer a starting point for local action on the Social Determinants of Health and have the potential to contribute to the development of a framework for improving action at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Science, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Science, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eva Magnus
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Science, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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869
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Katigbak C, Foley M, Robert L, Hutchinson MK. Experiences and Lessons Learned in Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Recruit Asian American Immigrant Research Participants. J Nurs Scholarsh 2016; 48:210-8. [PMID: 26836035 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE By 2050, the number of international migrants is expected to double from 214 million people. Of these, Asian immigrants are projected to comprise the largest foreign-born population in the United States by the year 2065. Asian American immigrants experience numerous health disparities, but remain under-represented in health research. The purpose of this article is to examine the experiences and lessons learned in applying community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles to access and recruit a sample of Asian American research participants. APPROACH This article reviews unique barriers to research participation among Asian Americans, describes the principles of CBPR, and provides examples of how these principles were employed to bridge recruitment challenges within a qualitative study. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS CBPR facilitated greater research participation among a group of immigrant Asian Americans. Researchers must be additionally mindful of the importance of building trusting relationships with their community partners, understanding the significance of shared experiences, considering fears around immigration status, and considering ongoing challenges in identifying and reaching hidden populations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians and researchers can employ CBPR principles to guide their work with Asian immigrant communities and other under-represented groups to facilitate access to the population, improve participant recruitment, and foster engagement and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Katigbak
- Alpha Chi, Assistant Professor, Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Meghan Foley
- Alpha Chi, Undergraduate Nursing Student, Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Robert
- Undergraduate Nursing Student, Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - M Katherine Hutchinson
- Alpha Chi, Professor, Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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870
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L Allen M, Schaleben-Boateng D, Davey CS, Hang M, Pergament S. Concept Mapping as an Approach to Facilitate Participatory Intervention Building. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2016; 9:599-608. [PMID: 26639387 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2015.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge to addressing community-defined need through community-based participatory intervention building is ensuring that all collaborators' opinions are represented. Concept mapping integrates perspectives of individuals with differing experiences, interests, or expertise into a common visually depicted framework, and ranks composite views on importance and feasibility. OBJECTIVES To describe the use of concept mapping to facilitate participatory intervention building for a school-based, teacher-focused, positive youth development (PYD) promotion program for Latino, Hmong, and Somali youth. Particiants were teachers, administrators, youth, parents, youth workers, and community and university researchers on the projects' community collaborative board. We incorporated previously collected qualitative data into the process. METHODS In a mixed-methods process we 1) generated statements based on key informant interview and focus group data from youth workers, teachers, parents, and youth in multiple languages regarding ways teachers promote PYD for Somali, Latino and Hmong youth; 2) guided participants to individually sort statements into meaningful groupings and rate them by importance and feasibility; 3) mapped the statements based on their relation to each other using multivariate statistical analyses to identify concepts, and as a group identified labels for each concept; and 4) used labels and statement ratings to identify feasible and important concepts as priorities for intervention development. RESULTS We identified 12 concepts related to PYD promotion in schools and prioritized 8 for intervention development. CONCLUSIONS Concept mapping facilitated participatory intervention building by formally representing all participants' opinions, generating visual representation of group thinking, and supporting priority setting. Use of prior qualitative work increased the diversity of viewpoints represented.
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871
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Allen ML, Rosas-Lee M, Ortega L, Hang M, Pergament S, Pratt R. They Just Respect You for Who You Are: Contributors to Educator Positive Youth Development Promotion for Somali, Latino, and Hmong Students. J Prim Prev 2016; 37:71-86. [PMID: 26740113 PMCID: PMC6121717 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-015-0415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Youth from immigrant communities may experience barriers to connecting with schools and teachers, potentially undermining academic achievement and healthy youth development. This qualitative study aimed to understand how educators serving Somali, Latino, and Hmong (SLH) youth can best promote educator-student connectedness and positive youth development, by exploring the perspectives of teachers, youth workers, and SLH youth, using a community based participatory research approach. We conducted four focus groups with teachers, 18 key informant interviews with adults working with SLH youth, and nine focus groups with SLH middle and high school students. Four themes emerged regarding facilitators to educators promoting positive youth development in schools: (1) an authoritative teaching approach where teachers hold high expectations for student behavior and achievement, (2) building trusting educator-student relationships, (3) conveying respect for students as individuals, and (4) a school infrastructure characterized by a supportive and inclusive environment. Findings suggest a set of skills and educator-student interactions that may promote positive youth development and increase student-educator connectedness for SLH youth in public schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Maira Rosas-Lee
- Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development, University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development, 330 Wulling Hall, 86 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- SoLaHmo Partnership for Health and Wellness, West Side Community Health Services, 153 Cesar Chavez Street, St. Paul, MN, 55107, USA.
| | - Luis Ortega
- SoLaHmo Partnership for Health and Wellness, West Side Community Health Services, 153 Cesar Chavez Street, St. Paul, MN, 55107, USA.
| | - Mikow Hang
- SoLaHmo Partnership for Health and Wellness, West Side Community Health Services, 153 Cesar Chavez Street, St. Paul, MN, 55107, USA.
- Powell Center for Women's Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 293, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Shannon Pergament
- SoLaHmo Partnership for Health and Wellness, West Side Community Health Services, 153 Cesar Chavez Street, St. Paul, MN, 55107, USA.
| | - Rebekah Pratt
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
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872
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Brown AF, Morris DM, Kahn KL, Sankaré IC, King KM, Vargas R, Lucas-Wright A, Jones LF, Flowers A, Jones FU, Bross R, Banner D, Del Pino HE, Pitts OL, Zhang L, Porter C, Madrigal SK, Vassar SD, Vangala S, Liang LJ, Martinez AB, Norris KC. The Healthy Community Neighborhood Initiative: Rationale and Design. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:123-32. [PMID: 26843805 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.1.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the design and rationale of the Healthy Community Neighborhood Initiative (HCNI), a multi-component study to understand and document health risk and resources in a low-income and minority community. DESIGN A community-partnered participatory research project. SETTING A low-income, biethnic African American and Latino neighborhood in South Los Angeles. PARTICIPANTS Adult community residents aged >18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Household survey and clinical data collection; neighborhood characteristics; neighborhood observations; and community resources asset mapping. RESULTS We enrolled 206 participants (90% of those eligible), of whom 205 completed the household interview and examination, and 199 provided laboratory samples. Among enrollees, 82 (40%) were aged >50 years and participated in functional status measurement. We completed neighborhood observations on 93 street segments; an average of 2.2 (SD=1.6) study participants resided on each street segment observed. The community asset map identified 290 resources summarized in a Community Resource Guide given to all participants. CONCLUSIONS The HCNI community-academic partnership has built a framework to assess and document the individual, social, and community factors that may influence clinical and social outcomes in a community at high-risk for preventable chronic disease. Our project suggests that a community collaborative can use culturally and scientifically sound strategies to identify community-centered health and social needs. Additional work is needed to understand strategies for developing and implementing interventions to mitigate these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleen F Brown
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | | | - Katherine L Kahn
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Ibrahima C Sankaré
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Keyonna M King
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Aziza Lucas-Wright
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science; Healthy African American Families
| | | | - Astrea Flowers
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | | | - Rachelle Bross
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Lujia Zhang
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | | | | | - Stefanie D Vassar
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Li-Jung Liang
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Arturo B Martinez
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Keith C Norris
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
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873
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Lifsey S, Cash A, Anthony J, Mathis S, Silva S. Building the evidence base for population-level interventions: barriers and opportunities. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 42:133S-140S. [PMID: 25829112 DOI: 10.1177/1090198114568429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Population-level interventions focused on policy, systems, and environmental change strategies are increasingly being used to affect and improve the health of populations. At the same time, emphasis on implementing evidence-based public health practices and programming is increasing, particularly at the federal level. Valuing strategies in the population health domain without the benefit of demonstrated efficacy through highly rigorous methods introduces an inherent tension between planning and acting on the best evidence available, waiting for more rigorous evidence to emerge, as well as exploring innovative ways to evaluate and model evidence-based strategies. This article describes the creation of a resource that helps public health practitioners use current evidence for strategic decision making while building the evidence base for population-level interventions. The resource addresses topics of current discussion in the field of evaluating population-level interventions, including the tension between internal and external validity, the need to include measures of health equity, and the balance between fidelity to the intervention and adaptation to the community context. The resource is intended to advance development of evidence in the field by providing practitioners, project managers, and evaluators with a practical guide for using, reviewing, and adding to the existing evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Cash
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jodi Anthony
- Harvard School of Public Health, Brookline, MA, USA
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874
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Rao D, Lipira L, Kumar S, Mohanraj R, Poongothai S, Tandon N, Sridhar GR, Katon W, Narayan KV, Chwastiak L, Mohan V, Ali MK. Input of stakeholders on reducing depressive symptoms and improving diabetes outcomes in India: Formative work for the INDEPENDENT Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2016; 1:65-75. [PMID: 29075675 DOI: 10.4103/2468-8827.191979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Depression and diabetes are highly comorbid, adversely affecting treatment adherence and resulting in poor outcomes. To improve treatment and outcomes for people dually-affected by diabetes and depression in India, we aimed to develop and test an integrated care model. In the formative phase of this INtegrated DEPrEssioN and Diabetes TreatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study, we sought stakeholder perspectives to inform culturally-sensitive adaptations of the intervention. METHODS At our Delhi, Chennai, and Vishakhapatnam sites, we conducted focus groups for patients with diabetes and depression and interviewed healthcare workers, family members, and patients. These key informants were asked about experiences with diabetes and depression and for feedback on intervention materials. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS Three major themes emerged that have bearing on adaptation of the proposed intervention: importance of family assistance, concerns regarding patient/family understanding of diabetes, and feedback regarding the proposed intervention (e.g. adequate time needed for implementation; training program and intervention should address stigma). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, the following components would add value when incorporated into the intervention: 1) engaging families in the treatment process, 2) clear/simple written information, 3) clear non-jargon verbal explanations, and 4) coaching to help patients cope with stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rao
- Department of Global Health; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Services University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Lauren Lipira
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Shuba Kumar
- Samarth, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rani Mohanraj
- Samarth, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Poongothai
- Department of Clinical Trials, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G R Sridhar
- Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Wayne Katon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology; Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lydia Chwastiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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875
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Stacciarini JMR, Vacca R, Wiens B, Loe E, LaFlam M, Pérez A, Locke B. FBO Leaders' Perceptions of the Psycho-social Contexts for Rural Latinos. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:19-25. [PMID: 26818929 PMCID: PMC4955657 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1076914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Latinos comprise the largest minority rural population in the US, and they are often exposed to adverse social health determinants that can detrimentally affect their mental health. Guided by community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, this study aimed to describe faith-based organizations (FBOs) leaders' perceptions of the contexts affecting the mental well-being of rural Latino immigrants and potential approaches to mental health promotion for these immigrants. This is a descriptive, qualitative arm of a larger study in which community-academic members have partnered to develop a culturally-tailored mental health promotion intervention among rural Latinos. FBO leaders (N = 15) from different denominations in North Florida were interviewed until saturation was reached. FBO leaders remarked that in addition to religiosity, which Latinos already have, more community building and involvement are necessary for the promotion of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaele Vacca
- a University of Florida, College of Nursing , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Brenda Wiens
- b University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Emily Loe
- a University of Florida, College of Nursing , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Melody LaFlam
- c Meridian Behavioral Healthcare, Inc. , Bronson , Florida , USA
| | - Awilda Pérez
- d Holy Family Catholic Church , Williston , Florida , USA
| | - Barbara Locke
- e Public Health Department , Levy County , Bronson , Florida , USA
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876
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Williamson HJ, Young BR, Murray N, Burton DL, Levin BL, Massey OT, Baldwin JA. Community-University Partnerships for Research and Practice: Application of an Interactive and Contextual Model of Collaboration. JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT 2016; 20:55-84. [PMID: 28184179 PMCID: PMC5295659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Community-university partnerships are frequently used to enhance translational research efforts while benefiting the community. However, challenges remain in evaluating such efforts. This article discusses the utility of applying the contextual and interactive model of community-university collaboration to a translational research education program, the Institute for Translational Research in Adolescent Behavioral Health, to guide programmatic efforts and future evaluations. Institute stakeholders from academia and the community completed in-depth interviews querying their expectations and experiences in this collaboration. Key quotes and themes were extracted and analyzed based on the constructs within the 3 phases of the model. The findings note specific themes for future evaluations. Overall, the contextual and interactive model of community-university collaboration proved a useful framework to guide the process evaluation of the Institute. Findings suggest possible strategies for the successful development, evaluation, and sustainability of community-university partnerships.
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877
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Belone L, Lucero JE, Duran B, Tafoya G, Baker EA, Chan D, Chang C, Greene-Moton E, Kelley M, Wallerstein N. Community-Based Participatory Research Conceptual Model: Community Partner Consultation and Face Validity. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:117-35. [PMID: 25361792 PMCID: PMC4839192 DOI: 10.1177/1049732314557084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A national community-based participatory research (CBPR) team developed a conceptual model of CBPR partnerships to understand the contribution of partnership processes to improved community capacity and health outcomes. With the model primarily developed through academic literature and expert consensus building, we sought community input to assess face validity and acceptability. Our research team conducted semi-structured focus groups with six partnerships nationwide. Participants validated and expanded on existing model constructs and identified new constructs based on "real-world" praxis, resulting in a revised model. Four cross-cutting constructs were identified: trust development, capacity, mutual learning, and power dynamics. By empirically testing the model, we found community face validity and capacity to adapt the model to diverse contexts. We recommend partnerships use and adapt the CBPR model and its constructs, for collective reflection and evaluation, to enhance their partnering practices and achieve their health and research goals.
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878
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Page-Reeves J, Davis S, Romero C, Chrisp E. Understanding "agency" in the translation of a health promotion program. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2015; 16:11-20. [PMID: 23963625 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Health promotion interventions conducted under "ideal conditions" to prove their efficacy are often difficult to translate and disseminate for utilization in "real-world" settings. This article retrospectively integrates and analyzes the experience of three related projects. We investigate how the development and dissemination of a school-based nutrition and physical activity curriculum for American Indian elementary school children inspired the implementation of an across-the-lifespan train-the-trainer program that has trained more than 600 trainers in American Indian communities nationwide. This process provides an opportunity to explore how individuals in the community and the context in which the research was conducted affected project outcomes in ways which were not anticipated. Results challenge the use of "internal validity" as the primary measure of success in translation-dissemination-utilization research.
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879
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Building Collaborative Health Promotion Partnerships: The Jackson Heart Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 13:ijerph13010025. [PMID: 26703681 PMCID: PMC4730416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Building Collaborative Health Promotion Partnerships: The Jackson Heart Study. Background: Building a collaborative health promotion partnership that effectively employs principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) involves many dimensions. To ensure that changes would be long-lasting, it is imperative that partnerships be configured to include groups of diverse community representatives who can develop a vision for long-term change. This project sought to enumerate processes used by the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Community Outreach Center (CORC) to create strong, viable partnerships that produce lasting change. Methods: JHS CORC joined with community representatives to initiate programs that evolved into comprehensive strategies for addressing health disparities and the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This collaboration was made possible by first promoting an understanding of the need for combined effort, the desire to interact with other community partners, and the vision to establish an effective governance structure. Results: The partnership between JHS CORC and the community has empowered and inspired community members to provide leadership to other health promotion projects. Conclusion: Academic institutions must reach out to local community groups and together address local health issues that affect the community. When a community understands the need for change to respond to negative health conditions, formalizing this type of collaboration is a step in the right direction.
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880
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Cyril S, Smith BJ, Possamai-Inesedy A, Renzaho AMN. Exploring the role of community engagement in improving the health of disadvantaged populations: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:29842. [PMID: 26689460 PMCID: PMC4685976 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.29842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although community engagement (CE) is widely used in health promotion, components of CE models associated with improved health are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the magnitude of the impact of CE on health and health inequalities among disadvantaged populations, which methodological approaches maximise the effectiveness of CE, and components of CE that are acceptable, feasible, and effective when used among disadvantaged populations. DESIGN The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We carried out methodological assessments of the included studies using rating scales. The analysis focussed on model synthesis to identify the key CE components linked to positive study outcomes and comparative analysis between positive study outcomes, processes, and quality indicators of CE. RESULTS Out of 24 studies that met our inclusion criteria, 21 (87.5%) had positively impacted health behaviours, public health planning, health service access, health literacy, and a range of health outcomes. More than half of the studies (58%) were of good quality, whereas 71% and 42% of studies showed good community involvement in research and achieved high levels of CE, respectively. Key CE components that affected health outcomes included real power-sharing, collaborative partnerships, bidirectional learning, incorporating the voice and agency of beneficiary communities in research protocol, and using bicultural health workers for intervention delivery. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that CE models can lead to improved health and health behaviours among disadvantaged populations if designed properly and implemented through effective community consultation and participation. We also found several gaps in the current measurement of CE in health intervention studies, which suggests the importance of developing innovative approaches to measure CE impact on health outcomes in a more rigorous way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cyril
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alphia Possamai-Inesedy
- Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor Arts (Education), Western Sydney University, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- Humanitarian and Development Studies, School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia;
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881
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Lesser J. Perspectives: Life course perspectives can help us understand health-related disparities among marginalised Latino male youth. J Res Nurs 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1744987115619808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Lesser
- Professor, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
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882
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Butler AM, Titus C. Systematic Review of Engagement in Culturally Adapted Parent Training for Disruptive Behavior. JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION 2015; 37:300-318. [PMID: 27429537 PMCID: PMC4946646 DOI: 10.1177/1053815115620210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature reporting engagement (enrollment, attendance, and attrition) in culturally adapted parent training for disruptive behavior among racial/ethnic minority parents of children ages 2-7 years. The review describes the reported rates of engagement in adapted interventions and how engagement is analyzed in studies, methods to develop adaptations, and adaptations that have been implemented. Seven studies were identified. Parental engagement varied across and within studies. Only one study examined whether adaptations improved engagement compared to non-adapted intervention. Frequent methods to develop adaptations were building partnerships or conducting interviews/focus groups with minority parents or community members. Adaptations included addressing cultural beliefs (perceptions of parenting skills), values (interdependence), or experiences (immigration) that affect parenting or receptivity to interventions; ensuring racial/ethnic diversity of interventionists; and addressing cultural relevancy and literacy level of materials. Future research should examine engagement in adapted interventions compared to non-adapted interventions and examine factors (e.g., immigration status) that may moderate impact on engagement.
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883
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Thompson VLS, Drake B, James AS, Norfolk M, Goodman M, Ashford L, Jackson S, Witherspoon M, Brewster M, Colditz G. A Community Coalition to Address Cancer Disparities: Transitions, Successes and Challenges. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2015; 30:616-22. [PMID: 25351452 PMCID: PMC4416074 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Community-based participatory (CBP) strategies are considered important to efforts to eliminate disparities. This paper outlines how the Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities (PECaD) uses CBP strategies as a part of a long-term cancer education, prevention, and control strategy in an urban community. Community partnerships have proved to be vital resources to inform PECaD's agenda and the research practice of academic partners. We begin with a description of PECaD governance and partnership structures. The paper then describes programmatic activities and successes, including efforts to monitor clinical trials, deployment of mammography resources, anti-smoking, and prostate and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening education. The influence of changes in funding priorities, preventive screening policy, and community partner development on the partnership process over time is discussed. PECaD community partners have grown and expanded beyond the Program's mission and developed additional partnerships, resulting in a reevaluation of relationships. The impact of these external and internal changes and pressures on the partnerships are noted. The evolution of the evaluation process and what it has revealed about needed improvements in PECaD activities and operations is presented. A summary of the lessons learned and their implications for CBP practice are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetta L Sanders Thompson
- Public Health Program, Brown School, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Bettina Drake
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aimee S James
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Monique Norfolk
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Melody Goodman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Leon Ashford
- PECaD Disparities Elimination Advisory Board, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sherrill Jackson
- PECaD Disparities Elimination Advisory Board, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Miranda Witherspoon
- PECaD Disparities Elimination Advisory Board, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mikki Brewster
- PECaD Disparities Elimination Advisory Board, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Graham Colditz
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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884
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Young BR, Williamson HJ, Burton DL, Massey OT, Levin BL, Baldwin JA. Challenges and Benefits in Designing and Implementing a Team-Based Research Mentorship Experience in Translational Research. PEDAGOGY IN HEALTH PROMOTION 2015; 1:233-246. [PMID: 26949735 DOI: 10.1177/2373379915600174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translational research seeks to build bridges between research and practice to address public health issues efficiently and effectively. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate a newly formed Institute that provided graduate students and adolescent behavioral health community professionals with a translational research service-learning opportunity through the creation of a community-university mentoring partnership. Goals of the team-based research mentorship approach included: 1) providing students the skills for implementing translational research; 2) providing research opportunities for community agencies to enhance operations and to encourage ongoing research involvement; and 3) developing relationships between university faculty and community agency professionals for further research collaborations. METHODS The Institute used the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Mentoring Mosaic to select a diverse group of Community and Academic Mentors. The research mentorship experience of the initial cohort was evaluated based upon the Research Mentorship Conceptual Framework and Self-Assessment Tool. RESULTS As a direct result of the research mentorship, outcomes for the Academic and Community Mentors and Scholars (i.e., those seeking a graduate certificate) included improved working relationships/networking and research experience. Through experiential learning, Scholars also discovered career trajectory clarity, the need for community collaboration in research, opportunities for continuing professional development, a greater understanding of public health competencies and how they align with community-based research, and skill development in best practices for translational research. CONCLUSION The team mentoring approach is a form of pedagogy that holds promise to enhance translational research and community-based research efforts while developing public health competencies.
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885
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Bromley E, Jones L, Rosenthal MS, Heisler M, Sochalski JA, Koniak-Griffin D, Punzalan C, Wells KB. The National Clinician Scholars Program: Teaching Transformational Leadership and Promoting Health Justice Through Community-Engaged Research Ethics. AMA J Ethics 2015; 17:1127-35. [PMID: 26698586 DOI: 10.1001/journalofethics.2015.17.12.medu1-1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bromley
- Assistant professor-in-residence in the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences in the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a research psychiatrist at the US Department of Veterans Affairs Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, and a psychiatrist and medical anthropologist
| | - Loretta Jones
- Founder and CEO of Healthy African American Families in Los Angeles
| | - Marjorie S Rosenthal
- Associate research scientist in the Department of Pediatrics at the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michele Heisler
- Co-director of the University of Michigan Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program and National Clinical Scholars Program in Ann Arbor
| | - Julie A Sochalski
- Associate professor of nursing and the interim associate dean for academic programs at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing in Philadelphia and a co-director of Penn's National Clinical Scholars Program
| | - Deborah Koniak-Griffin
- Associate dean of diversity, equity, and inclusion, and a professor in the School of Nursing at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Cristina Punzalan
- Administrator for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
| | - Kenneth B Wells
- David Weil Endowed Chair in Biobehavioral Sciences and professor-in-residence in both the David Geffen School of Medicine and the Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and affiliated adjunct staff of the RAND Corporation, academic principal investigator of Community Partners in Care (CPIC), director of the UCLA/RAND NIMH Center for Partnered Research, director of the Center for Health Services and Society, co-director of the Behavioral Health Center of Excellence at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Health Behavior, and co-director of the UCLA Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program
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886
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Shahidi H, Sickora C, Clancy S, Nagurka R. Community health workers recruitment from within: an inner-city neighborhood-driven framework. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:715. [PMID: 26602537 PMCID: PMC4658807 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who are trusted members of and/or have an unusually close understanding of the community served (APHA 2009). Among other roles, they are effective in closing critical communication gap between healthcare providers and patients as they possess key abilities to overcome cultural barriers, minimize disparities, and maximize adherence to clinical directions. In previous descriptions of the selection of CHWs, the role of community is clearly emphasized, but residence in the community is not indicated. Objective We present an effective model of CHW selection by the community of members that reside in the community to be served. Methods We outlined and implemented necessary steps for recruiting CHWs from within their target neighborhood between years 2011 and 2013. The identified community was an “isolated” part of Newark, New Jersey comprised of approximately 3000 people residing in three publicly-funded housing developments. We utilized a community empowerment model and established a structure of self-governance in the community of interest. In all phases of identification and selection of CHWs, the Community Advisory Board (CAB) played a leading role. Results The process for the successful development of a CHW initiative in an urban setting begins with community/resident engagement and ends with employment of trained CHWs. The steps needed are: (1) community site identification; (2) resident engagement; (3) health needs assessment; (4) CHW identification and recruitment; and (5) training and employment of CHWs. Using an empowered community model, we successfully initiated CHW selection, training, and recruitment. Thirteen CHW candidates were selected and approved by the community. They entered a 10-week training program and ten CHWs completed the training. We employed these ten CHWs. Conclusions These five steps emerged from a retrospective review of our CHW initiative. Residing in the community served has significant advantages and disadvantages. Community empowerment is critical in changing the health indices of marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosseinali Shahidi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
| | - Cindy Sickora
- Rutgers School of Nursing, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
| | - Sharon Clancy
- Departments of Legal Management and Clinical Research, University Hospital, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
| | - Roxanne Nagurka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
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887
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Spiegelman D. Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 1. Examples, Definitions, and a Personal Note. Am J Public Health 2015; 106:70-3. [PMID: 26562122 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the first contribution to a new section in AJPH that will address critical methodological issues in evaluations of public health interventions, I will discuss topics in study design and analysis, covering the most innovative emerging methodologies and providing an overview of best practices. The methods considered are motivated by public health evaluations, both domestic and global. In this first contribution, I also define implementation science, program evaluation, impact evaluation, and cost-effectiveness research, disciplines that have tremendous methodological and substantive overlap with evaluation of public health interventions--the focus of this section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Spiegelman
- Donna Spiegelman is with the Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Nutrition, and Global Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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888
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Arroyo-Johnson C, Allen ML, Colditz GA, Hurtado GA, Davey CS, Sanders Thompson VL, Drake BF, Svetaz MV, Rosas-Lee M, Goodman MS. A Tale of Two Community Networks Program Centers: Operationalizing and Assessing CBPR Principles and Evaluating Partnership Outcomes. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2015. [PMID: 26213405 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2015.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Networks Program (CNP) centers are required to use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach within their specific priority communities. Not all communities are the same and unique contextual factors and collaborators' priorities shape each CBPR partnership. There are also established CBPR and community engagement (CE) principles shown to lead to quality CBPR in any community. However, operationalizing and assessing CBPR principles and partnership outcomes to understand the conditions and processes in CBPR that lead to achieving program and project level goals is relatively new in the science of CBPR. OBJECTIVES We sought to describe the development of surveys on adherence to and implementation of CBPR/CE principles at two CNP centers and examine commonalities and differences in program-versus project-level CBPR evaluation. METHODS A case study about the development and application of CBPR/CE principles for the Missouri CNP, Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities, and Minnesota CNP, Padres Informados/Jovenes Preparados, surveys was conducted to compare project versus program operationalization of principles. Survey participant demographics were provided by CNP. Specific domains found in CBPR/CE principles were identified and organized under an existing framework to establish a common ground. Operational definitions and the number of survey items were provided for each domain by CNP. CONCLUSION There are distinct differences in operational definitions of CBPR/CE principles at the program and project levels of evaluation. However, commonalities support further research to develop standards for CBPR evaluation across partnerships and at the program and project levels.
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889
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Abstract
Indigenous populations worldwide are experiencing social, cultural, demographic, nutritional, and psychoemotional changes that have a profound impact on health. Regardless of their geographical location or sociopolitical situation, health indicators are always poorer for indigenous populations than for nonindigenous ones. The determinants of this gap are multiple and interactive, and their analysis requires a biocultural framework. Indigenous populations suffer from lower life expectancy, high infant and child mortality, high maternal morbidity and mortality, heavy infectious disease loads, malnutrition, stunted growth, increasing levels of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, substance abuse, and depression. The devastating effects of colonization, the loss of ancestral land, and language and cultural barriers for access to health care are among the most salient themes characterizing the poor health situation of indigenous people. Anthropology is extremely well suited to address the interplay among social, economic, and political forces that shape the local experiences of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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890
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Harris J, Croot L, Thompson J, Springett J. How stakeholder participation can contribute to systematic reviews of complex interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 70:207-14. [PMID: 26475921 PMCID: PMC4752615 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although patient and public involvement in research is a requirement for research funding in many countries, the knowledge base for how to effectively involve people—and evidence of the effectiveness of involvement—is weak. This article describes how methods used in participatory health research were used to involve patients, clients, providers and community health workers across all stages of a realist review. Sustained involvement enabled better identification of the components of the complex intervention of community-based peer support. It also challenged assumptions of how peer support is constructed, leading the review team to question whether the process of designing and implementing interventions has more influence on effectiveness than previously recognised in empirical studies. We conclude with a discussion on when sustained involvement should be used, and the challenges of incorporating it into the traditional researcher-led approach to systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harris
- University of Sheffield, School of Health & Related Research, Sheffield, England
| | - L Croot
- University of Sheffield, School of Health & Related Research, Sheffield, England
| | - J Thompson
- University of Sheffield, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Sheffield, England
| | - J Springett
- University of Alberta, Centre for Health Promotion Studies, School of Public Health, Alberta, Canada
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891
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Ross LE, Vigod S, Wishart J, Waese M, Spence JD, Oliver J, Chambers J, Anderson S, Shields R. Barriers and facilitators to primary care for people with mental health and/or substance use issues: a qualitative study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2015; 16:135. [PMID: 26463083 PMCID: PMC4604001 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-015-0353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Mental health and/or substance use issues are associated with significant disparities in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying poor primary care access for this population. Method This was a community-based participatory action qualitative study, in which 85 adults who self-identified as having a serious mental health and/or substance use issue and 17 service providers from various disciplines who worked with this population participated in a semi-structured interview. Results Client, service provider and health system barriers to access were identified. Client factors, including socioeconomic and psychological barriers, make it difficult for clients to access primary care, keep appointments, and/or prioritize their own health care. Provider factors, including knowledge and personal values related to mental health and substance use, determine the extent to which clients report their specific needs are met in the primary care setting. Health system factors, such as models of primary care delivery, determine the context within which both client and service provider factors operate. Conclusions This study helps elucidate the mechanisms behind poor primary health care access among people with substance use and/or mental health issues. The results suggest that interdisciplinary, collaborative models of primary healthcare may improve accessibility and quality of care for this population, and that more education about mental health and substance use issues may be needed to support service providers in providing adequate care for their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Ross
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St. Suite 560, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3M7. .,Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St. Room T406, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S1.
| | - Simone Vigod
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, 76 Grenville Street Rm. 7234, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1B2, Canada.
| | - Jessica Wishart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8.
| | - Myera Waese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8.
| | - Jason Dean Spence
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8.
| | - Jason Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8.
| | - Jennifer Chambers
- The Empowerment Council, 33 Russell St. Room 2008, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Scott Anderson
- CATIE, 555 Richmond Street West, Suite 505, Box 1104, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 3B1, Canada.
| | - Roslyn Shields
- Communications and Partnerships, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
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892
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Sofolahan-Oladeinde Y, Mullins CD, Baquet CR. Using community-based participatory research in patient-centered outcomes research to address health disparities in under-represented communities. J Comp Eff Res 2015; 4:515-23. [PMID: 26436953 DOI: 10.2217/cer.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) has created a paradigm shift in the way health outcomes research is designed, conducted and disseminated. While PCOR expands the potential for patients to play a key advisory role in every aspect of the research process, community-based participatory research (CBPR) has long provided this opportunity for engaging communities in research. CBPR is an excellent tool for achieving PCOR goals of improving the health of all people by providing them with evidence-based information for making informed healthcare decisions. We propose ways by which PCOR can effectively use CBPR principles to engage patients in general, and specifically patients from underserved communities. The hope is that this will help to reduce and eventually eliminate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Daniel Mullins
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 220 Arch Street, 12th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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893
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Simmons VN, Klasko LB, Fleming K, Koskan AM, Jackson NT, Noel-Thomas S, Luque JS, Vadaparampil ST, Lee JH, Quinn GP, Britt L, Waddell R, Meade CD, Gwede CK. Participatory evaluation of a community-academic partnership to inform capacity-building and sustainability. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2015; 52:19-26. [PMID: 25863014 PMCID: PMC4509815 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Tampa Bay Community Cancer Network (TBCCN) was formed as a partnership comprised of committed community based organizations (grassroots, service, health care organizations) and a National Cancer Institute designated cancer center working together to reduce cancer health disparities. Adhering to principles of community-based participatory research, TBCCN's primary aims are to develop and sustain outreach, training, and research programs that aim to reach medically underserved, multicultural and multilingual populations within the Tampa Bay tri-county area. Using a participatory evaluation approach, we recently evaluated the partnerships' priorities for cancer education and outreach; perspectives on the partnerships' adherence to CBPR principles; and suggestions for sustaining TBCCN and its efforts. The purpose of this paper is to describe implementation and outcomes of this participatory evaluation of a community/academic partnership, and to illustrate the application of evaluation findings for partnership capacity-building and sustainability. Our evaluation provides evidence for partners' perceived benefits and realized expectations of the partnership and illustrates the value of ongoing and continued partnership assessment to directly inform program activities and build community capacity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Nath Simmons
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Lynne B Klasko
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Khaliah Fleming
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Alexis M Koskan
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Nia T Jackson
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Shalewa Noel-Thomas
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - John S Luque
- Jiann-Pin Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8015, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Gwendolyn P Quinn
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Lounell Britt
- James B. Sanderlin Family Center, 2335 22nd Avenue S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33712, USA.
| | - Rhondda Waddell
- Saint Leo University, 33701 State Road 52, Saint Leo, FL 33574, USA.
| | - Cathy D Meade
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Clement K Gwede
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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894
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Tse AM, Palakiko DM, Daniggelis E, Makahi E. Facilitating Community Participants' Research Engagement: Community Members' Perceptions of Community-based Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 27430025 PMCID: PMC4945112 DOI: 10.15344/2394-4978/2015/142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the perspectives of community participants about engaging in community-based participatory research, and then to use the information to develop a model to depict the community participants’ perceptions of interfacing with academic researchers. Method A diverse group of Native Hawaiian community-dwelling participants engaged in open-ended and semi-structured focus group interviews, addressing community members’ perceptions of community-based participatory research. Results Three key areas were identified: (1) reciprocal trustable is needed; (2) perceptions about the purpose, research intent and expectations; (3) expectations of roles and responsibilities of the researcher(s). A model showing the reciprocity between the academic partner and the community partner is needed to establish the full CBPR process is proposed. Conclusion The three themes implied the community participants’ expectations of reciprocal relationships. The dimensions influencing community members’ perceptions of community-based research need to be taken into account when academic researchers interface with community participants. Successful community-based participatory research approaches for addressing the challenges of translating research findings into community actions is enhanced when the expectations of community members are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Tse
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
| | - Donna-Marie Palakiko
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
| | - Ephrosine Daniggelis
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
| | - Emily Makahi
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA
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895
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Abstract
There is renewed interest in patient engagement in clinical and research settings, creating a need for documenting and publishing lessons learned from efforts to meaningfully engage patients. This article describes early lessons learned from the development of OCHIN's Patient Engagement Panel (PEP). OCHIN supports a national network of more than 300 community health centers (CHCs) and other primary care settings that serve over 1.5 million patients annually across nearly 20 states. The PEP was conceived in 2009 to harness the CHC tradition of patient engagement in this new era of patient-centered outcomes research and to ensure that patients were engaged throughout the life cycle of our research projects, from conception to dissemination. Developed by clinicians and researchers within our practice-based research network, recruitment of patients to serve as PEP members began in early 2012. The PEP currently has a membership of 18 patients from 3 states. Over the past 24 months, the PEP has been involved with 12 projects. We describe developing the PEP and challenges and lessons learned (eg, recruitment, funding model, creating value for patient partners, compensation). These lessons learned are relevant not only for research but also for patient engagement in quality improvement efforts and other clinical initiatives.
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896
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Havranek EP, Mujahid MS, Barr DA, Blair IV, Cohen MS, Cruz-Flores S, Davey-Smith G, Dennison-Himmelfarb CR, Lauer MS, Lockwood DW, Rosal M, Yancy CW. Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 2015; 132:873-98. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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897
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Guest MA, Freedman D, Alia KA, Brandt HM, Friedman DB. Dissemination of an Electronic Manual to Build Capacity for Implementing Farmers' Markets with Community Health Centers. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:484-9. [PMID: 26296392 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-university partnerships can lend themselves to the development of tools that encourage and promote future community health development. The electronic manual, "Building Farmacies," describes an approach for developing capacity and sustaining a community health center-based farmers' market that emerged through a community-university partnership. Manual development was guided by the Knowledge to Action Framework and experiences developing a multivendor, produce-only farmers' market at a community health center in rural South Carolina. The manual was created to illustrate an innovative solution for community health development. The manual was disseminated electronically through 25 listservs and interested individuals voluntarily completed a Web-based survey to access the free manual. During the 6-month dissemination period, 271 individuals downloaded the manual. Findings highlighted the value of translating community-based participatory research into user-friendly manuals to guide future intervention development and dissemination approaches, and demonstrate the need to include capacity building opportunities to support translation and adoption of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aaron Guest
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Darcy Freedman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kassandra A Alia
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Heather M Brandt
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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898
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Using Photovoice as a Community Based Participatory Research Tool for Changing Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Behaviours in Usoma, Kenya. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:903025. [PMID: 26380305 PMCID: PMC4561937 DOI: 10.1155/2015/903025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of community based participatory research (CBPR) tools for understanding environment and health issues and facilitating social action. This paper explores the application and utility of photovoice for understanding water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviours and catalysing community led solutions to change behaviours. Between June and August 2013, photovoice was conducted with eight (8) women in Usoma, a lakeshore community in Western Kenya with a follow-up community meeting (baraza) in May 2014 to discuss findings with the community members and government officials. In the first part of the study, photovoice one-on-one interviews were used to explore local perceptions and practices around water-health linkages and how the ecological and socio-political environment shapes these perceptions and practices. This paper, which is the second component of the study, uses photovoice group discussions to explore participants' experiences with and (re)action to the photographs and the photovoice project. The findings illustrate that photovoice was an effective CBPR methodology for understanding behaviours, creating awareness, facilitating collective action, and engaging with local government and local health officials at the water-health nexus.
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899
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Bromage B, Santilli A, Ickovics JR. Organizing With Communities to Benefit Public Health. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:1965-6. [PMID: 26270282 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Billy Bromage
- Billy Bromage is with Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT. Alycia Santilli and Jeannette R. Ickovics are with Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Alycia Santilli
- Billy Bromage is with Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT. Alycia Santilli and Jeannette R. Ickovics are with Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeannette R Ickovics
- Billy Bromage is with Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT. Alycia Santilli and Jeannette R. Ickovics are with Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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900
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Abstract
Context Health inequalities are systematic differences in health among social groups that are caused by unequal exposure to—and distributions of—the social determinants of health (SDH). They are persistent between and within countries despite action to reduce them. Advocacy is a means of promoting policies that improve health equity, but the literature on how to do so effectively is dispersed. The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence in the academic and gray literature and to provide a body of knowledge for advocates to draw on to inform their efforts. Methods This article is a systematic review of the academic literature and a fixed-length systematic search of the gray literature. After applying our inclusion criteria, we analyzed our findings according to our predefined dimensions of advocacy for health equity. Last, we synthesized our findings and made a critical appraisal of the literature. Findings The policy world is complex, and scientific evidence is unlikely to be conclusive in making decisions. Timely qualitative, interdisciplinary, and mixed-methods research may be valuable in advocacy efforts. The potential impact of evidence can be increased by “packaging” it as part of knowledge transfer and translation. Increased contact between researchers and policymakers could improve the uptake of research in policy processes. Researchers can play a role in advocacy efforts, although health professionals and disadvantaged people, who have direct contact with or experience of hardship, can be particularly persuasive in advocacy efforts. Different types of advocacy messages can accompany evidence, but messages should be tailored to advocacy target. Several barriers hamper advocacy efforts. The most frequently cited in the academic literature are the current political and economic zeitgeist and related public opinion, which tend to blame disadvantaged people for their ill health, even though biomedical approaches to health and political short-termism also act as barriers. These barriers could be tackled through long-term actions to raise public awareness and understanding of the SDH and through training of health professionals in advocacy. Advocates need to take advantage of “windows of opportunity,” which open and close quickly, and demonstrate expertise and credibility. Conclusions This article brings together for the first time evidence from the academic and the gray literature and provides a building block for efforts to advocate for health equity. Evidence regarding many of the dimensions is scant, and additional research is merited, particularly concerning the applicability of findings outside the English-speaking world. Advocacy organizations have a central role in advocating for health equity, given the challenges bridging the worlds of civil society, research, and policy.
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