51
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Tsunematsu H, Shi Y, Yamamoto E, Kobayashi M, Yoshida T, Osada M. Gigantic Thermal Shielding in 2D Oxide Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37191626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermal shielding materials that can block near-infrared (NIR) light from the sunlight while maintaining visible transparency have become increasingly important from an energy-saving perspective. Here, we demonstrate a gigantic NIR shielding by an engineered plasmonic material based on a two-dimensional (2D) polytungstate (Cs4-xW11O35-d). Starting from a charge-neutral polytungstate (Cs4W11O35), we synthesize charge-imbalanced 2D nanosheets (Cs4-xW11O35-d) that undergo an unusual structural change with the semiconductor-to-metal transition in a reduced atmosphere. Layer-by-layer engineering of the 2D nanosheets enables a plasmon-induced enhancement of the NIR reflectance (>53%) with a high visible transparency (>71%), realizing high-performance thermal shielding. Our approach offers a solution for future thermal management technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tsunematsu
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Ichikawa Research Center, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8588, Japan
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshida
- Department of Computer-Aided Engineering and Development, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., Niihama, Ehime 792-0001, Japan
| | - Minoru Osada
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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52
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Zhang R, Lin T, Peng S, Bi J, Zhang S, Su G, Sun J, Gao J, Cao H, Zhang Q, Gu L, Cao Y. Flexible but Refractory Single-Crystalline Hyperbolic Metamaterials. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3879-3886. [PMID: 37115190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of flexible single-crystalline plasmonic or photonic components in a scalable way is fundamentally important to flexible electronic and photonic devices with high speed, high energy efficiency, and high reliability. However, it remains a challenge. Here, we have successfully synthesized flexible single-crystalline optical hyperbolic metamaterials by directly depositing refractory nitride superlattices on flexible fluorophlogopite-mica substrates with magnetron sputtering. Interestingly, these flexible hyperbolic metamaterials show dual-band hyperbolic dispersion of dielectric constants with small dielectric losses and high figures of merit in the visible to near-infrared ranges. More importantly, the optical properties of these nitride-based flexible hyperbolic metamaterials show remarkable stability during 1000 °C heating or after being bent 1000 times. Therefore, the strategy developed in this work offers an easy and scalable route for fabricating flexible, high-performance, and refractory plasmonic or photonic components, which can significantly expand the applications of current electronic and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaoqin Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiachang Bi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shunda Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanhua Su
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Junhua Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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53
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Pawlik V, Zhou S, Zhou S, Qin D, Xia Y. Silver Nanocubes: From Serendipity to Mechanistic Understanding, Rational Synthesis, and Niche Applications. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:3427-3449. [PMID: 37181675 PMCID: PMC10173382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Silver has long been interwoven into human history, and its uses have evolved from currency and jewelry to medicine, information technology, catalysis, and electronics. Within the last century, the development of nanomaterials has further solidified the importance of this element. Despite this long history, there was essentially no mechanistic understanding or experimental control of silver nanocrystal synthesis until about two decades ago. Here we aim to provide an account of the history and development of the colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes, as well as some of their major applications. We begin with a description of the first accidental synthesis of silver nanocubes that spurred subsequent investigations into each of the individual components of the protocol, revealing piece by piece parts of the mechanistic puzzle. This is followed by a discussion of the various obstacles inherent to the original method alongside mechanistic details developed to optimize the synthetic protocol. Finally, we discuss a range of applications enabled by the plasmonic and catalytic properties of silver nanocubes, including localized surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, metamaterials, and ethylene epoxidation, as well as further derivatization and development of size, shape, composition, and related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pawlik
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department
of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Siyu Zhou
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dong Qin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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54
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Cui X, Ruan Q, Zhuo X, Xia X, Hu J, Fu R, Li Y, Wang J, Xu H. Photothermal Nanomaterials: A Powerful Light-to-Heat Converter. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37133878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
All forms of energy follow the law of conservation of energy, by which they can be neither created nor destroyed. Light-to-heat conversion as a traditional yet constantly evolving means of converting light into thermal energy has been of enduring appeal to researchers and the public. With the continuous development of advanced nanotechnologies, a variety of photothermal nanomaterials have been endowed with excellent light harvesting and photothermal conversion capabilities for exploring fascinating and prospective applications. Herein we review the latest progresses on photothermal nanomaterials, with a focus on their underlying mechanisms as powerful light-to-heat converters. We present an extensive catalogue of nanostructured photothermal materials, including metallic/semiconductor structures, carbon materials, organic polymers, and two-dimensional materials. The proper material selection and rational structural design for improving the photothermal performance are then discussed. We also provide a representative overview of the latest techniques for probing photothermally generated heat at the nanoscale. We finally review the recent significant developments of photothermal applications and give a brief outlook on the current challenges and future directions of photothermal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Chips, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Runfang Fu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
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55
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Lu J, He Y, Ma C, Ye Q, Yi H, Zheng Z, Yao J, Yang G. Ultrabroadband Imaging Based on Wafer-Scale Tellurene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211562. [PMID: 36893428 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution imaging is at the heart of the revolutionary breakthroughs of intelligent technologies, and it is established as an important approach toward high-sensitivity information extraction/storage. However, due to the incompatibility between non-silicon optoelectronic materials and traditional integrated circuits as well as the lack of competent photosensitive semiconductors in the infrared region, the development of ultrabroadband imaging is severely impeded. Herein, the monolithic integration of wafer-scale tellurene photoelectric functional units by exploiting room-temperature pulsed-laser deposition is realized. Taking advantage of the surface plasmon polaritons of tellurene, which results in the thermal perturbation promoted exciton separation, in situ formation of out-of-plane homojunction and negative expansion promoted carrier transport, as well as the band bending promoted electron-hole pair separation enabled by the unique interconnected nanostrip morphology, the tellurene photodetectors demonstrate wide-spectrum photoresponse from 370.6 to 2240 nm and unprecedented photosensitivity with the optimized responsivity, external quantum efficiency and detectivity of 2.7 × 107 A W-1 , 8.2 × 109 % and 4.5 × 1015 Jones. An ultrabroadband imager is demonstrated and high-resolution photoelectric imaging is realized. The proof-of-concept wafer-scale tellurene-based ultrabroadband photoelectric imaging system depicts a fascinating paradigm for the development of an advanced 2D imaging platform toward next-generation intelligent equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- College of Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
| | - Churong Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Qiaojue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Huaxin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
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56
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Negahdari R, Rafiee E, Kordrostami Z. A Sensitive Biosensor Based on Plasmonic-Graphene Configuration for Detection of COVID-19 Virus. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2023; 18:1-11. [PMID: 37360048 PMCID: PMC10150154 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-023-01851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, four individual structures based on graphene-plasmonic nano combinations are proposed for detection of corona viruses and especially COVID-19. The structures are arranged based on arrays in the shapes of half-sphere and one-dimensional photonic crystal formats. The half-sphere and plate shaped layers are made of Al, Au, SiO2 and graphene. The one-dimensional photonic crystals lead the wavelength and peak corresponding to the absorption peak to lower and higher amounts, respectively. In order to improve the functionality of the proposed structures, effects of structural parameters and chemical potentials are considered. A defect layer of GZO is positioned in the middle of one-dimensional photonic crystal layers to shift the absorption's peak wavelength to the appropriate wavelength range for diagnosing corona viruses (~300 nm to 600 nm). The last proposed structure is considered as a refractive bio-sensor for detection of corona viruses. In the final proposed structure (based on different layers of Al, Au, SiO2, GZO and graphene), corona viruses are considered as the biomolecule layer and the results are obtained. The proposed bio-sensor can be a good and functional candidate for detection of corona viruses and especially COVID-19 in photonic integrated circuits with the satisfying sensitivity of ~664.8 nm/RIU (refractive index unit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Negahdari
- Electronic Department, Nano Optoelectronic Research Center, Shiraz University of Technology, Airport Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmat Rafiee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra university, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoheir Kordrostami
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra university, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Zhang M, Poumirol JM, Chery N, Rinnert H, Giba AE, Demoulin R, Talbot E, Cristiano F, Hungria T, Paillard V, Gourbilleau F, Bonafos C. Hyperdoped Si nanocrystals embedded in silica for infrared plasmonics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7438-7449. [PMID: 37013461 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental realization of plasmonic hyperdoped Si nanocrystals embedded in silica via a combination of sequential low energy ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing. We show that phosphorus dopants are incorporated into the nanocrystal cores at concentrations up to six times higher than P solid solubility in bulk Si by combining 3D mapping with atom probe tomography and analytical transmission electron microscopy. We shed light on the origin of nanocrystal growth at high P doses, which we attribute to Si recoiling atoms generated in the matrix by P implantation, which likely increase Si diffusivity and feed the Si nanocrystals. We show that dopant activation enables partial nanocrystal surface passivation that can be completed by forming gas annealing. Such surface passivation is a critical step in the formation of plasmon resonance, especially for small nanocrystals. We find that the activation rate in these small doped Si nanocrystals is the same as in bulk Si under the same doping conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Nicolas Chery
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Alaa E Giba
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, IJL, Nancy, France
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Rémi Demoulin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Etienne Talbot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Teresa Hungria
- Centre de Microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (UAR 3623), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Paillard
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabrice Gourbilleau
- CIMAP, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Caroline Bonafos
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, France.
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58
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Goncharenko AV, Silkin VM. Multipole Excitations and Nonlocality in 1d Plasmonic Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1395. [PMID: 37110980 PMCID: PMC10144308 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient simulation methods for taking nonlocal effects in nanostructures into account have been developed, but they are usually computationally expensive or provide little insight into underlying physics. A multipolar expansion approach, among others, holds promise to properly describe electromagnetic interactions in complex nanosystems. Conventionally, the electric dipole dominates in plasmonic nanostructures, while higher order multipoles, especially the magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, magnetic quadrupole, and electric octopole, can be responsible for many optical phenomena. The higher order multipoles not only result in specific optical resonances, but they are also involved in the cross-multipole coupling, thus giving rise to new effects. In this work, we introduce a simple yet accurate simulation modeling technique, based on the transfer-matrix method, to compute higher-order nonlocal corrections to the effective permittivity of 1d plasmonic periodic nanostructures. In particular, we show how to specify the material parameters and the arrangement of the nanolayers in order to maximize or minimize various nonlocal corrections. The obtained results provide a framework for guiding and interpreting experiments, as well as for designing metamaterials with desired dielectric and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy V. Goncharenko
- V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Nauky Ave. 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Vyacheslav M. Silkin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20080 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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59
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Xiong Y, Shepherd S, Tibbs J, Bacon A, Liu W, Akin LD, Ayupova T, Bhaskar S, Cunningham BT. Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence: A Review on Design Strategies and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:668. [PMID: 36985075 PMCID: PMC10059769 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale fluorescence emitters are efficient for measuring biomolecular interactions, but their utility for applications requiring single-unit observations is constrained by the need for large numerical aperture objectives, fluorescence intermittency, and poor photon collection efficiency resulting from omnidirectional emission. Photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address the aforementioned challenges in fluorescence enhancement. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, design strategies, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-enhanced fluorescence-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including nucleic acids sensing, protein detection, and steroid monitoring. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with PC-enhanced fluorescence and provide an outlook for fluorescence enhancement with photonic-plasmonics coupling and their promise for point-of-care biosensing as well monitoring analytes of biological and environmental relevance. The review presents the transdisciplinary applications of PCs in the broad arena of fluorescence spectroscopy with broad applications in photo-plasmonics, life science research, materials chemistry, cancer diagnostics, and internet of things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Skye Shepherd
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Tibbs
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amanda Bacon
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weinan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas D. Akin
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Takhmina Ayupova
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seemesh Bhaskar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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60
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Du H, Liu C. Enhancement and redshift of vortex harmonic radiation in epsilon-near-zero materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7725-7733. [PMID: 36859897 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The harmonic radiation from a vortex laser field interacting with an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material is numerically investigated via solving the Maxwell-paradigmatic-Kerr equations. For a laser field of long duration, the harmonics up to the seventh-order can be generated with a low laser intensity (∼109 W/cm2). Moreover, the intensities of high order vortex harmonics at the ENZ frequency are higher than at other frequency points due to the ENZ field enhancement effects. Interestingly, for a laser field of short duration, the obvious frequency redshift occurs beyond enhancement in high order vortex harmonic radiation. The reason is that the strong change of the laser waveform propagating in the ENZ material and the non-constant field enhancement factor around the ENZ frequency. Because the topological number of harmonic radiation is linearly proportional to its harmonic order, the high order vortex harmonics with redshift still possess the exact harmonic orders indicated by the transverse electric field distribution of each harmonic.
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61
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Shukla A, Shao S, Carter-Searjeant S, Haigh S, Richards D, Green M, Zayats AV. Carrier density tuning in CuS nanoparticles and thin films by Zn doping via ion exchange. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3730-3736. [PMID: 36734034 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper sulphide (covellite) nanoplatelets have recently emerged as a plasmonic platform in the near-infrared with ultrafast nonlinear optical properties. Here we demonstrate that the free-carrier density in CuS, which is an order of magnitude lower than in traditional plasmonic metals, can be further tuned by chemical doping. Using ion exchange to replace Cu with an increasing content of Zn in the nanoparticles, the free-hole density can be lowered, resulting in a long-wavelength shift of the localised plasmon resonances from 1250 nm to 1750 nm. The proposed approach provides new opportunities for tuning the plasmonic response of covellite nanocrystals as well as the carrier relaxation time which decreases for lower free-carrier densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Shukla
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Shouqi Shao
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sadie Carter-Searjeant
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Sarah Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - David Richards
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Wang F, Lu Z, Guo H, Zhang G, Li Y, Hu Y, Jiang W, Liu G. Plasmonic Photocatalysis for CO 2 Reduction: Advances, Understanding and Possibilities. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202716. [PMID: 36806292 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalysis for CO2 reduction is attracting increasing attention due to appealing properties and great potential for real applications. In this review, the fundamentals of plasmonic photocatalysis and the most recent developments regarding its application in driving CO2 reduction are reported. Firstly, we present the review on the mechanism of plasmonic photocatalytic CO2 reduction, the energy transfer of plasmon, and the CO2 reduction process on the catalyst surface. Then, the modulation on the plasmonic nanostructures and also the semiconductor counterpart to regulate CO2 photoreduction is discussed. Next, the influence of the core-shell structure and the interface between the plasmonic metal and semiconductor on the CO2 photoreduction performance is also outlined. In addition, the latest progress on the emerging direction regarding the plasmonic photocatalysis for methane dry reforming with CO2 is especially emphasized. Finally, a summary on the challenges and prospects of this promising field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmu Wang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhehong Lu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Hu Guo
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guangpu Zhang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Hu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guigao Liu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
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63
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High-speed laser writing of structural colors for full-color inkless printing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:565. [PMID: 36732539 PMCID: PMC9894925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a formidable challenge to simultaneously achieve wide-gamut, high-resolution, high-speed while low-cost manufacturability, long-term stability, and viewing-angle independence in structural colors for practical applications. The conventional nanofabrication techniques fail to match the requirement in low-cost, large-scale and flexible manufacturing. Processing by pulsed lasers can achieve high throughput while suffering from a narrow gamut of ~15% sRGB or angle-dependent colors. Here, we demonstrate an all-in-one solution for ultrafast laser-produced structural colors on ultrathin hybrid films that comprise an absorbent dielectric TiAlN layer coating on a metallic TiN layer. Under laser irradiation, the absorption behaviours of the TiAlN-TiN hybrid films are tailored by photothermal-induced oxidation on the topmost TiAlN. The oxidized films exhibit double-resonance absorption, which is due to the non-trivial phase shifts both at the oxide-TiAlN interface, and at the TiAlN-TiN interface. By varying the accumulated laser fluence to modulate the oxidation depth, angle-robust structural colors with unprecedented large-gamut of ~90% sRGB are obtained. The highest printing speed reaches 10 cm2/s and the highest resolution exceeds 10000 dpi. The durability of the laser-printed colors is confirmed by fastness examination, including salt spray, double-85, light bleaching, and adhesion tests. These features render our technique to be competitive for industrial applications.
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Sygletou M, Benedetti S, di Bona A, Canepa M, Bisio F, Bellingeri E. In-Operando Optical Spectroscopy of Field-Effect-Gated Al-Doped ZnO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3112-3118. [PMID: 36602943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive oxides (TCO) have the unique characteristics of combining optical transparency with high electrical conductivity; such a property makes them uniquely alluring for applications in visible and infrared photonics. One of their most interesting features is the large sensitivity of their optical response to the doping level. We performed the active electrical manipulation of the dielectric properties of aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO), a TCO-based on Earth-abundant elements. We actively tuned the optical and electric performances of AZO films by means of an applied voltage in a parallel-plate capacitor configuration, with SrTiO3 as the dielectric, and monitored the effect of charge injection/depletion by means of in-operando spectroscopic ellipsometry. Calculations of the optical response of the gated system allowed us to extract the spatially resolved variations in the dielectric function of the TCO and infer the injected/depleted charge profile at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sygletou
- OPTMATLAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Canepa
- OPTMATLAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146Genova, Italy
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65
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Jiang H, Zhao Y, Ma H, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang M, Zhang W, Peng Y, Leng Y, Cao Z, Shao J. Thickness-dependent loss-induced failure of an ideal ENZ-enhanced optical response in planar ultrathin transparent conducting oxide films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2208-2224. [PMID: 36785239 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin planar transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are commonly used to enhance the optical response of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) devices; however, our results suggest that thickness-dependent loss renders them ineffective. Here, we investigated the thickness-dependent loss of indium tin oxide (ITO) films and their effect on the ENZ-enhanced optical responses of ITO and ITO/SiO2 multilayer stacks. The experimental and computational results show that the optical loss of ITO films increases from 0.47 to 0.70 as the thickness decreases from 235 to 52 nm, which results in a reduction of 60% and 45% in the maximum field enhancement factor of a 52-nm monolayer ITO and 4-layer ITO/SiO2 multilayer stack, respectively. The experimental results show that the ENZ-enhanced nonlinear absorption coefficient of the 52-nm single-layer ITO film is -1.6 × 103 cm GW-1, which is 81% lower than that of the 235-nm ITO film (-8.6 × 103 cm GW-1), indicating that the thickness-dependent loss makes the ultrathin TCO films unable to obtain greater nonlinear responses. In addition, the increased loss reduces the cascading Berreman transmission valley intensity of the 4-layer ITO/SiO2 multilayer stack, resulting in a 42% reduction in the ENZ-enhanced nonlinear absorption coefficient compared to the 235-nm ITO film and a faster hot electron relaxation time. Our results suggest that the thickness and loss trade-off is an intrinsic property of TCO films and that the low-loss ultrathin TCO films are the key to the robust design and fabrication of novel ENZ devices based on flat ultrathin TCO films.
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66
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Zhang H, Wu H, Li X, Hao J, Li Q, Guan Z, Xu H, Liu C. Super broadband mid-infrared absorbers with ultrathin folded highly-lossy films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:254-262. [PMID: 36155920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Super broadband optical absorbers with ultrathin films have been keenly pursued for a long time. Although highly lossy materials with sharp light attenuation have the potential to become super absorbers, a large percent of light from free space is inevitably reflected back for the distinct impedance mismatch. Here, a simple strategy, of which reducing the thickness of highly-lossy thin films to minish reflectance and simultaneously folding the ultrathin films to make light multiple pass through, is proposed to obtain super broadband mid-infrared absorbers with ultrathin films. Along this line, the absorbers were prepared by depositing Al-doped ZnO film on scaffolds consisted of alumina spherical shells, whose substrates were opaque. When the thickness of Al-doped ZnO is 43 nm and the layer number of scaffolds is three, a maximum average absorptance was achieved as 97.6% over the wavelength range from 3 to 15 μm. Applying this strategy on polished Al foil, excellent infrared camouflage performance on human-body background was demonstrated. Featured by the strong broadband optical absorption with ultrathin films, flexible access to multiple substrates and low-cost procedures, this approach has the potential in widespread applications of infrared thermal emitters and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jiaming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Qunqing Li
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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67
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Wu H, Song Y, Sun M, Wang Q. Simulation of High-Performance Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on D-Shaped Dual Channel Photonic Crystal Fiber for Temperature Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:37. [PMID: 36614376 PMCID: PMC9821244 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents and numerically analyzes a refractive index sensor based on side-polished D-shaped two-channel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The effects of pore duty ratio, polishing depth, and thickness of a Nano-Titania sensitizing layer on sensor performance are studied, and the sensor performance is analyzed and optimized. The results show that the sensitivity of the Nano-Titania sensitized sensor can reach 3392.86 nm/RIU and temperature sensitivity of the sensor is increased to 1.320 nm/K, and the amplitude sensitivity of the unsensitized sensor can reach 376.76 RIU-1. In addition, the influence of titanium dioxide layer on the mode field diameter of PCF fiber core is also studied. It is found out that the sensor with a 50 nm thick titanium dioxide film has a larger mode fiber diameter, and is more conducive to coupling with single-mode fiber. Our detailed results contribute to the understanding of SPR phenomena in hexagonal PCF and facilitate the implementation and application of SPR-PCF sensors.
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68
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Geng J, Yan W, Shi L, Qiu M. Quasicylindrical Waves for Ordered Nanostructuring. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9658-9663. [PMID: 36394454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced self-organization of periodic nanostructures on highly absorbing materials is widely understood to be due to interference between laser and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that are excited by initial surface roughness. The structure order naturally emerges from the propagation phase of SPPs. Here, we reveal an unexplored mechanism that is predominantly induced by quasicylindrical waves (QCWs) with negligible contributions from SPPs. This mechanism features a new principle of order emergence in growth of periodic nanostructures through short-range electromagnetic interactions between QCWs and marginal nanofringes. In this scenario, the periodicity of nanostructures is not simply determined by the electromagnetic wavelength. With suppressed long-range interactions, the formation of nanostructures shows a domino-like growth process, thus significantly improving structure uniformity. An in situ microscopic observation is performed to characterize the temporal dynamics of structural growth and verify the new mechanism. Further, the QCWs are directly observed in experiments, which are theoretically supported by a scattering model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Geng
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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69
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Maurya KC, Chatterjee A, Shivaprasad SM, Saha B. Morphology-Controlled Reststrahlen Band and Infrared Plasmon Polariton in GaN Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9606-9613. [PMID: 36459090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to ultrabright and stable blue light emission, GaN has emerged as one of the most famous semiconductors of the modern era, useful for light-emitting diodes, power electronics, and optoelectronic applications. Extending GaN's optical resonance from visible to mid- and-far-infrared spectral ranges will enable novel applications in many emerging technologies. Here we show hexagonal honeycomb-shaped GaN nanowall networks and vertically standing nanorods exhibiting morphology-dependent Reststrahlen band and plasmon polaritons that could be harnessed for infrared nanophotonics. Surface-induced dipoles at the edges and asperities in molecular beam epitaxy-deposited nanostructures lead to phonon absorption inside the Reststrahlen band, altering its shape from rectangular to right-trapezoidal. Excitation of such surface polariton modes provides a novel pathway to achieve far-infrared optical resonance in GaN. Additionally, surface defects in nanostructures lead to high carrier concentrations, resulting in tunable mid-infrared plasmon polaritons with high-quality factors. Demonstration of morphology-controlled Reststrahlen band and plasmon polaritons make GaN nanostructures attractive for infrared nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chand Maurya
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Sonnada Math Shivaprasad
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Bivas Saha
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
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70
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Vatani S, Barahimi B, Moravvej-Farshi MK. All-optical AZO-based modulator topped with Si metasurfaces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21490. [PMID: 36513754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All-optical communication systems are under continuous development to address different core elements of inconvenience. Here, we numerically investigate an all-optical modulator, realizing a highly efficient modulation depth of 22 dB and a low insertion loss of 0.32 dB. The tunable optical element of the proposed modulator is a layer of Al-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO), also known as an epsilon-near-zero transparent conductive oxide. Sandwiching the AZO layer between a carefully designed distributed Bragg reflector and a dielectric metasurface-i.e., composed of a two-dimensional periodic array of cubic Si-provides a guided-mode resonance at the OFF state of the modulator, preventing the incident signal reflection at λ = 1310 nm. We demonstrate the required pump fluence for switching between the ON/OFF states of the designed modulator is about a few milli-Joules per cm2. The unique properties of the AZO layer, along with the engineered dielectric metasurface above it, change the reflection from 1 to 93%, helping design better experimental configurations for the next-generation all-optical communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Vatani
- Nano Plasmo-Photonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Behdad Barahimi
- Nano Plasmo-Photonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi
- Nano Plasmo-Photonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.
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71
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Shin DJ, Cho H, Sung J, Gong SH. Direct Observation of Self-Hybridized Exciton-Polaritons and Their Valley Polarizations in a Bare WS 2 Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207735. [PMID: 36239246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The strong excitonic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have led to the successful demonstration of exciton-polaritons (EPs) in various optical cavity structures. Recently, self-hybridized EPs have been discovered in a bare TMD layer, but experimental investigation is still lacking because of their nonradiative nature. Herein, the direct observation of self-hybridized EPs in a bare multilayer WS2 via the evanescent field coupling technique is reported. Because of the thickness-dependent Rabi splitting energy, the dispersion curves of the EPs change sensitively with sample thickness. Moreover, continuous tuning of EP dispersion curves is demonstrated by controlling the excitation laser power. Lastly, it is observed that guided EPs retain valley polarization up to 0.2 at room temperature, representing a valley-preserved strong coupling regime. It is believed that the high tunability and valley polarization properties of the guided EPs in bare TMD layers can facilitate new nanophotonic and valleytronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Shin
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - HyunHee Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Sung
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Gong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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72
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Li Y, Yin S, Du Y, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang S, Qin Q, Zhou M, Li L. Liquid-metal based flexible a-IZTO ultrathin films for electrical and optical applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16797-16805. [PMID: 36346285 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous indium zinc tin oxide (a-IZTO) is a kind of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), which can be used in transparent electrodes, transistors, and flexible devices. At present, a key limitation of a-IZTO is the costly vacuum manufacturing technology, and its commercial production is also restricted by the complex raw material preparation process. In this article, we report a liquid metal-based van der Waals (vdW) exfoliation technique by which a-IZTO films with several nanometres thickness are fabricated. The a-IZTO films fabricated in ambient air have a size on the centimeter scale and an optical transmittance of 99.64%; they are also large-area flexible oxide films. In order to illustrate the capabilities of this technology, we fabricated thin film transistors (TFTs) and photodetectors based on a-IZTO films. An a-IZTO thin film transistor (TFT) has an on/off ratio of 106. When the Vds is 5 V, the responsivity, detectivity and external quantum efficiency of an a-IZTO photodetector are 7.57 × 104 A W-1, 4.00 × 1015 Jones and 3.68 × 105%, respectively, exhibiting one of the top performances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Shiqi Yin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Yuchen Du
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Jiawang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Shaotian Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Qinggang Qin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
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73
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Gabbani A, Sangregorio C, Tandon B, Nag A, Gurioli M, Pineider F. Magnetoplasmonics beyond Metals: Ultrahigh Sensing Performance in Transparent Conductive Oxide Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9036-9044. [PMID: 36346871 PMCID: PMC9706655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Active modulation of the plasmonic response is at the forefront of today's research in nano-optics. For a fast and reversible modulation, external magnetic fields are among the most promising approaches. However, fundamental limitations of metals hamper the applicability of magnetoplasmonics in real-life active devices. While improved magnetic modulation is achievable using ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic-noble metal hybrid nanostructures, these suffer from severely broadened plasmonic response, ultimately decreasing their performance. Here we propose a paradigm shift in the choice of materials, demonstrating for the first time the outstanding magnetoplasmonic performance of transparent conductive oxide nanocrystals with plasmon resonance in the near-infrared. We report the highest magneto-optical response for a nonmagnetic plasmonic material employing F- and In-codoped CdO nanocrystals, due to the low carrier effective mass and the reduced plasmon line width. The performance of state-of-the-art ferromagnetic nanostructures in magnetoplasmonic refractometric sensing experiments are exceeded, challenging current best-in-class localized plasmon-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gabbani
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, via Sansone 1, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna
del Piano 10, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Claudio Sangregorio
- CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna
del Piano 10, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Bharat Tandon
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune411008, India
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune411008, India
| | - Massimo Gurioli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, via Sansone 1, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, via Sansone 1, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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74
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Li L, Cui Q, Zhang YJ, Wu Y, Han CQ, Yan CC. Visible transparent mid-infrared broadband absorbers based on gradient refractive indexes and multi-size cavity resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43078-43087. [PMID: 36523014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a multi-layered nanorod structure with the same tilt angle and different diameters, which has high visible transmittance and strong 3-5 µm absorption based on the principles of the gradient of the refractive index and the multi-size cavity resonances. The indium tin oxide (ITO) was selected as the target material to fabricate the structure by using a glancing angle deposition method. The experimental results show that when the deposition angle θ is 80°, swing deposition is successively done with the rotation angle φ of ±8°, ± 5°, ± 3°, and 0° on the surface of the substrate, and the quartz crystal microbalance thicknesses of ITO nanorods are 220 nm for each deposition, the average transmittance is 80.5% in the range of 400-800 nm and the integrated absorption is 86% in the 3-5 µm band. Such a simple, low-cost, and easy-to-fabricate device has potential applications in window stealth materials and other related fields.
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75
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Yu X, Qiu J, Hu Q, Chen K, Zheng J, Liang S, Du M, Ye H. Tunable Berreman mode in highly conductive organic thin films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43590-43600. [PMID: 36523054 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unique performances of Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials allow them to play a crucial role in many optoelectronic devices and have spawned a wide range of inventive uses. In this paper, we found that the modified PEDOT:PSS film formed with a kind of so-called "Metastable liquid-liquid Contact (MLLC)" solution treatment method can achieve a wide tuning of ENZ wavelength from 1270 nm to 1550 nm in the near-infrared region. We further analyzed the variation trend of imaginary permittivity for these samples with different ENZ wavelengths. The Berreman mode was successfully excited by a simple structural design to realize a tunable polarization absorber.
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76
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Bhuiyan MAH, Mitu SA, Choudhury SM. TiN-GST-TiN all-optical reflection modulator for the 2 µm wave band reaching 85% efficiency. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9262-9270. [PMID: 36607062 DOI: 10.1364/ao.470247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an all-optical reflection modulator for the 2 µm communication band exploiting a nanogear-array metasurface and phase-change-material G e 2 S b 2 T e 5 (GST). The reflectance of the structure can be manipulated by altering the phase of GST by employing optical stimuli, and this paper provides details on the optical and opto-thermal modeling techniques of GST. A numerical investigation reveals that the metastructure exhibits a conspicuous changeover from ∼99% absorption to very poor interaction with the operating light depending on the switching states of the GST, ending up with 85% modulation depth and only 0.58 dB insertion loss. Due to noticeable differences in optical responses, we can demonstrate a high extinction ratio of 28 dB and a commendable figure of merit of 49, so far the best modulation performance in this wavelength window, to our knowledge. In addition, real-time tracking of reflectance during phase transition manifests high-speed switching expending low energy per cycle, of the order of sub-nJ. Hence, given its overall performance, the device will be a paradigm for optical modulators for upcoming 2 µm communication technology.
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77
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Li C, Liu J, Li L, Cui Q, Zhang YJ, Wu Y, Han CQ, Yan CC. ITO/Si/ITO semi-cone-shell chiral complexes on silicon nanocones with broadband circular dichroism in the mid-infrared wavelength. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40925-40935. [PMID: 36299017 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposed ITO/Si/ITO semi-cone-shell chiral complexes on silicon nanocones with broadband CD in the mid-infrared band. The experimental results show that when the deposition angle θ = 45°, the first ITO deposition of ta = 100 nm, the second Si deposition of tb = 200 nm with the azimuth angle unchanged, and the third ITO deposition of tc = 200 nm after rotating the azimuth angle of 60°, the prepared chiral structure has a broadband CD response in the mid-infrared band of 2.5-4 µm. The broadband CD effect is produced by the internal resonance of the three-dimensional open cavity. The cone structure can be regarded as a plurality of planar open resonant rings with different diameters, and these rings resonate at different wavelengths. The experimental results also show that the proposed chiral ITO structure exhibits a better broadband CD response than that of the structure composed of traditional metal Ag. Such a chiral structure provides a new method for the design of CD devices in the mid-infrared band.
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78
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Mondal M, Semenov A, Ochoa MA, Nitzan A. Strong Coupling in Infrared Plasmonic Cavities. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9673-9678. [PMID: 36215723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular spectroscopy and even chemical behavior in a cavity environment is a subject of intense experimental and theoretical interest. In Fabry-Pérot cavities, strong (radiation-matter) coupling phenomena without an intense radiation field often rely on the number of chromophore molecules collectively interacting with a cavity mode. For plasmonic cavities, the cavity field-matter coupling can be strong enough to manifest strong coupling involving even a single molecule. To this end, infrared plasmonic cavities can be particularly useful in understanding vibrational strong coupling. Here we present a procedure for estimating the radiation-matter coupling and, equivalently, the mode volume as well as the mode lifetime and quality factor for plasmonic cavities of arbitrary shapes and use it to estimate these quantities for infrared cavities of two particularly relevant geometries comprising several n-doped semiconductors. Our calculations demonstrate very high field confinement and low mode volumes of these cavities despite having relatively low quality factors, which is often the case for plasmonic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monosij Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Alexander Semenov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Maicol A Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
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79
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Das P, Biswas B, Maurya KC, Garbrecht M, Saha B. Refractory Plasmonic Hafnium Nitride and Zirconium Nitride Thin Films as Alternatives to Silver for Solar Mirror Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46708-46715. [PMID: 36195562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing solar energy by employing concentrated solar power (CSP) systems requires materials with high electrical conductivity and optical reflectivity. Silver, with its excellent optical reflectance, is traditionally used as a reflective layer in solar mirrors for CSP technologies. However, silver is soft and expensive, quickly tarnishes, and requires a protective layer of glass for practical applications. Moreover, supply-side constraints and high-temperature instability of silver have led to the search for alternative materials that exhibit high solar and infrared reflectance. Transition metal nitrides, such as titanium nitride, have emerged as alternative plasmonic materials to gold starting from a spectral range of ∼500 nm. However, to achieve high solar reflection (∼320-2500 nm), materials with epsilon-near-zero starting from the near-ultraviolet (UV) spectral region are required. Here, we show the development of refractory epitaxial hafnium nitride (HfN) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films as excellent mirrors with a solar reflectivity of ∼90.3% and an infrared reflectivity of ∼95%. Low-loss and high-quality epsilon-near-zero resonance at near-UV (∼340-380 nm) spectral regions are achieved in HfN and ZrN by carefully controlling the stoichiometry, leading to a sharp increase in the reflection edge that is on par with silver. Temperature-dependent reflectivity and dielectric constants are further measured to demonstrate their high-temperature suitability. The development of refractory epitaxial HfN and ZrN thin films with high solar and infrared reflectance makes them excellent alternative plasmonic materials to silver and would pave their applications in CSP, daytime radiative cooling, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Das
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Bidesh Biswas
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Krishna Chand Maurya
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Magnus Garbrecht
- Sydney Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bivas Saha
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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80
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Negm A, Howlader MMR, Belyakov I, Bakr M, Ali S, Irannejad M, Yavuz M. Materials Perspectives of Integrated Plasmonic Biosensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7289. [PMID: 36295354 PMCID: PMC9611134 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the growing need for portable, compact, low-cost, and efficient biosensors, plasmonic materials hold the promise to meet this need owing to their label-free sensitivity and deep light-matter interaction that can go beyond the diffraction limit of light. In this review, we shed light on the main physical aspects of plasmonic interactions, highlight mainstream and future plasmonic materials including their merits and shortcomings, describe the backbone substrates for building plasmonic biosensors, and conclude with a brief discussion of the factors affecting plasmonic biosensing mechanisms. To do so, we first observe that 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play a major role in enhancing the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based plasmonic biosensors. Then, we identify that titanium nitride is a promising candidate for integrated applications with performance comparable to that of gold. Our study highlights the emerging role of polymer substrates in the design of future wearable and point-of-care devices. Finally, we summarize some technical and economic challenges that should be addressed for the mass adoption of plasmonic biosensors. We believe this review will be a guide in advancing the implementation of plasmonics-based integrated biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Negm
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ilya Belyakov
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Bakr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shirook Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology, Sheridan College, Brampton, ON L6Y 5H9, Canada
| | | | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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81
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Shingaya Y, Takaki H, Kobayashi N, Aono M, Nakayama T. Single-molecule detection with enhanced Raman scattering of tungsten oxide nanostructure. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14552-14557. [PMID: 36149385 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have found that tungsten oxide nanorods have a very large enhancement effect on Raman scattering. The nanorods with adsorbed 12CO and 13CO at the ratio of 1 : 1 were dispersed on a Si substrate and Raman mapping was performed. The Raman images of 12CO and 13CO were completely different, indicating that a very small number of molecules at the single-molecule level were observed. We also confirmed the characteristic blinking phenomenon when single-molecule detection was performed. The very large enhancement effect of Raman scattering can be attributed to the {001}CS structure of the tungsten oxide nanorods. It was confirmed from the DFT calculation results that the {001}CS structure exhibits two-dimensional electrical conduction properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Shingaya
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Takaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masakazu Aono
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Tomonobu Nakayama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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82
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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83
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Calzolari A, Oses C, Toher C, Esters M, Campilongo X, Stepanoff SP, Wolfe DE, Curtarolo S. Plasmonic high-entropy carbides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5993. [PMID: 36220810 PMCID: PMC9553889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering multifunctional materials with tunable plasmonic properties, capable of surviving harsh environments is critical for advanced optical and telecommunication applications. We chose high-entropy transition-metal carbides because of their exceptional thermal, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. By integrating computational thermodynamic disorder modeling and time-dependent density functional theory characterization, we discovered a crossover energy in the infrared and visible range, corresponding to a metal-to-dielectric transition, exploitable for plasmonics. It was also found that the optical response of high-entropy carbides can be largely tuned from the near-IR to visible when changing the transition metal components and their concentration. By monitoring the electronic structures, we suggest rules for optimizing optical properties and designing tailored high-entropy ceramics. Experiments performed on the archetype carbide HfTa4C5 yielded plasmonic properties from room temperature to 1500K. Here we propose plasmonic transition-metal high-entropy carbides as a class of multifunctional materials. Their combination of plasmonic activity, high-hardness, and extraordinary thermal stability will result in yet unexplored applications. Tunable plasmonic materials capable of surviving harsh environments are critical for advanced applications. Here, the authors report that some high-entropy transition-metal carbides can satisfy the requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey Oses
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cormac Toher
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Marco Esters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiomara Campilongo
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sergei P Stepanoff
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Douglas E Wolfe
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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84
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Active control of dielectric singularities in indium-tin-oxides hyperbolic metamaterials. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16961. [PMID: 36217019 PMCID: PMC9551065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectric singularities (DSs) constitute one of the most exotic features occurring in the effective permittivity of artificial multilayers called hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). Associated to DSs, a rich phenomenology arises that justifies the ever-increasing interest profuse by the photonic community in achieving an active control of their properties. As an example, the possibility to “canalize” light down to the nanoscale as well as the capability of HMMs to interact with quantum emitters, placed in their proximity, enhancing their emission rate (Purcell effect), are worth mentioning. HMMs, however, suffer of an intrinsic lack of tunability of its DSs. Several architectures have been proposed to overcome this limit and, among them, the use of graphene outstands. Graphene-based HMMs recently shown outstanding canalization capabilities achieving λ/1660 light collimation. Despite the exceptional performances promised by these structures, stacking graphene/oxide multilayers is still an experimental challenge, especially envisioning electrical gating of all the graphene layers. In this paper, we propose a valid alternative in which indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is used as an electrically tunable metal. Here we have numerically designed and analyzed an ITO/SiO2 based HMM with a tunable canalization wavelength within the range between 1.57 and 2.74 μm. The structure feature light confinement of λ/8.8 (resolution of about 178 nm), self-focusing of the light down to 0.26 μm and Purcell factor of approximately 700. The proposed HMM nanoarchitecture could be potentially used in many applications, such as ultra-fast signal processing, high harmonic generation, lab-on-a-chip nanodevices, bulk plasmonic waveguides in integrated photonic circuits and laser diode collimators.
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85
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Jiang H, Zhu W, Huang J, Zhang H, Zhao W. Active metasurface in the near-infrared region by gating ultrathin TiN films. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5072-5075. [PMID: 36181189 DOI: 10.1364/ol.472187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin titanium nitride (TiN) films have become a novel material flatform for constructing active metasurfaces in the near-infrared region. In this Letter, we numerically achieved the dual functions of switchable linear dichroism (LD) and tunable perfect absorption in a G-shape gold resonators/TiN film hybrid metasurface by gating ultrathin TiN films. As the carrier density of TiN decreases, the modulation depth for LD strength is about 70% at 1211 nm. Meanwhile, the response wavelength of perfect absorption (∼1) shifts to the blue by around 130 nm with a change of carrier density of 12%. Our proposed active metasurface with the capability of strength-switchable LD and wavelength-tunable perfect absorption has considerable potential in dynamic electro-optic modulation and flat photonic devices with reconfigurable functionalities.
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86
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Zakirov N, Zhu S, Bruyant A, Lérondel G, Bachelot R, Zeng S. Sensitivity Enhancement of Hybrid Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:810. [PMID: 36290947 PMCID: PMC9599162 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we designed structures based on copper nanosubstrate with graphene and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) in order to achieve an ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor. This system contains seven components: SF11 triangular prism, BK-7 glass, Chromium (Cr) adhesion layer, thin copper film, layers of one of the types of transition metal dichalcogenides: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 or WSe2 (defined as MX2), graphene, sensing layer with biomolecular analyte. Copper was chosen as a plasmonic material because it has a higher conductivity than gold which is commonly used in plasmonic sensors. Moreover, copper is a cheap and widespread material that is easy to produce on a large scale. We have carried out both theoretical and numerical sensitivity calculations of these kinds of structures using the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift method. GH shift is lateral position displacement of the p-polarized reflected beam from a boundary of two media having different indices of refraction under total internal reflection condition and its value can be retrieved from the phase change of the beam. The SPR signal based on the GH shift is much more sensitive compared to other methods, including angular and wavelength scanning, due to much more abrupt phase change of the SPR reflected light than its intensity ones. By optimizing the parameters of the SPR sensing substrate, such as thickness of copper, number of layers of 2D materials and excitation wavelength, we theoretically showed an enhanced sensitivity with a detection limit 10-9 refractive index unit (RIU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurzad Zakirov
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Shaodi Zhu
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Aurélien Bruyant
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Gilles Lérondel
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Renaud Bachelot
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
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87
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De Luca F, Ciracì C. Impact of Surface Charge Depletion on the Free Electron Nonlinear Response of Heavily Doped Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123902. [PMID: 36179181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose surface modulation of the equilibrium charge density as a technique to control and enhance, via an external static potential, the free electron nonlinear response of heavily doped semiconductors. Within a hydrodynamic perturbative approach, we predict a 2 order of magnitude boost of free electron third-harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Luca
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Cristian Ciracì
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
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88
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Photo-engineered optoelectronic properties of indium tin oxide via reactive laser annealing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14986. [PMID: 36056036 PMCID: PMC9440247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent conductive oxides are appealing materials for optoelectronic and plasmonic applications as, amongst other advantages, their properties can be modulated by engineering their defects. Optimisation of this adjustment is, however, a complex design problem. This work examined the modification of the carrier transport properties of sputtered tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) via laser annealing in reactive environments. We relate the optical modifications to the structural, compositional, and electronic properties to elucidate the precise mechanisms behind the reactive laser annealing (ReLA) process. For sufficiently high laser fluence, we reveal an ambient-dependent and purely compositional modulation of the carrier concentration of ITO thin films. Hereby, we demonstrate that ReLA utilises the precise energy delivery of photonic processing to enhance the carrier mobility and finely tune the carrier concentration without significantly affecting the crystal structure. Exploitation of this phenomena may enable one to selectively engineer the optoelectronic properties of ITO, promising an alternative to the exploration of new materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications.
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89
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Choi BB, Kim B, Bice J, Taylor C, Jiang P. Inverse DVD-R grating structured SPR sensor platform with high sensitivity and figure of merit. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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90
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91
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Kharintsev SS, Kharitonov AV, Chernykh EA, Alekseev AM, Filippov NA, Kazarian SG. Designing two-dimensional temperature profiles using tunable thermoplasmonics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12117-12128. [PMID: 35959760 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat flow generation and manipulation in nanometer-sized solids using light represents one of the up-and-coming tasks in thermonanophotonics. Enhanced light-matter interaction due to plasmon resonance permits metallic nanostructures to absorb light energy efficiently, and it results in extra optical heating. The net temperature increment of nanostructures is directly dependent on heat exchange with a thermostat. However, to the best of our knowledge, precise tailoring of optical heating at a fixed pump power is still of no practical implementation. In this paper, we focus on the tunable optical heating of a plasmonic nanostructure exposed to moderate light intensity (MW cm-2) based on slowing down heat exchange through a 1D waveguide heatsink bridging the nanostructure and the highly thermal conducting thermostat. The rationale for this concept is evidenced through optical heating of a 2D array of stacked titanium nitride (TiN) (plasmonic refractory nanoheater) and height-controlled silicon (Si) (1D waveguide heatsink) cylinders. Depending on the Si pillar height, the temperature rise of a TiN : Si voxel ranges from a few up to thousands of degrees at a fixed pump power. The temperature of the TiN : Si voxel is remotely measured from the Raman shift of the Si pillar. Using ellipsometry, we find a temperature threshold of 400 °C, above which the thin TiN film is chemically degraded due to oxidation. The latter enables fine tailoring of thermal gradients using TiN : Si voxels of equal size but different permittivity. These findings contribute towards the development of tunable thermoplasmonics by demonstrating programmable non-uniform temperature profiles in the steady-state regime under continuous-wave laser illumination for a variety of thermo-optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Kharintsev
- Department of Optics and Nanophotonics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 16, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | - Anton V Kharitonov
- Department of Optics and Nanophotonics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 16, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | - Elena A Chernykh
- Department of Optics and Nanophotonics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 16, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | - Alexander M Alekseev
- Department of Optics and Nanophotonics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 16, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | | | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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92
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Alvarez C, Berrospe-Rodriguez C, Wu C, Pasek-Allen J, Khosla K, Bischof J, Mangolini L, Aguilar G. Photothermal heating of titanium nitride nanomaterials for fast and uniform laser warming of cryopreserved biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:957481. [PMID: 36091458 PMCID: PMC9455577 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.957481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) is presented as an alternative plasmonic nanomaterial to the commonly used gold (Au) for its potential use in laser rewarming of cryopreserved biomaterials. The rewarming of vitrified, glass like state, cryopreserved biomaterials is a delicate process as potential ice formation leads to mechanical stress and cracking on a macroscale, and damage to cell walls and DNA on a microscale, ultimately leading to the destruction of the biomaterial. The use of plasmonic nanomaterials dispersed in cryoprotective agent solutions to rapidly convert optical radiation into heat, generally supplied by a focused laser beam, proposes a novel approach to overcome this difficulty. This study focuses on the performance of TiN nanoparticles (NPs), since they present high thermal stability and are inexpensive compared to Au. To uniformly warm up the nanomaterial solutions, a beam splitting laser system was developed to heat samples from multiple sides with equal beam energy distribution. In addition, uniform laser warming requires equal distribution of absorption and scattering properties in the nanomaterials. Preliminary results demonstrated higher absorption but less scattering in TiN NPs than Au nanorods (GNRs). This led to the development of TiN clusters, synthetized by nanoparticle agglomeration, to increase the scattering cross-section of the material. Overall, this study analyzed the heating rate, thermal efficiency, and heating uniformity of TiN NPs and clusters in comparison to GNRs at different solution concentrations. TiN NPs and clusters demonstrated higher heating rates and solution temperatures, while only clusters led to a significantly improved uniformity in heating. These results highlight a promising alternative plasmonic nanomaterial to rewarm cryopreserved biological systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crysthal Alvarez
- J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Carla Berrospe-Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Chaolumen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Pasek-Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kanav Khosla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lorenzo Mangolini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Mangolini, ; Guillermo Aguilar,
| | - Guillermo Aguilar
- J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Mangolini, ; Guillermo Aguilar,
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93
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Jin Y, Park E, Tang C, Chu Q, Jin S, Guo S, Chen L, Jung YM. Novel insight into charge transfer regulation based on carrier density-dependent Ag/ITO composite films. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121236. [PMID: 35405377 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cosputtering technology was utilized to prepare a Ag and indium tin oxide (ITO) composite on a flat polystyrene (PS) microsphere array. The carrier density estimated by Hall effect testing of different Sn concentrations in the cosputtered films can be tuned from 1018 to 1020 cm-3. The bandgap calculated based on ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy can be adjusted within the range of 3.95-4.02 eV. We explored the possible mechanism of charge transfer (CT) by varying the bandgap and explained the causes of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Surprisingly, a synchronous change in the CT process with the carrier density was discovered. This observation suggests that the CT process can be precisely regulated by changes in the composition of the metal-semiconductor nanostructures. Our study provides a reference for the application of Ag/ITO films as alternative near-infrared plasmonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Eungyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenghao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Qi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Sila Jin
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China.
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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94
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Mazzotta A, Gabbani A, Carlotti M, Ruggeri M, Fantechi E, Ottomaniello A, Pineider F, Pucci A, Mattoli V. Invisible Thermoplasmonic Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Ink for Anti-counterfeiting Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35276-35286. [PMID: 35867887 PMCID: PMC9354021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a thermoplasmonic transparent ink based on a colloidal dispersion of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles, which can offer several advantages as anti-counterfeiting technology. The custom ink could be directly printed on several substrates, and it is transparent under visible light but is able to generate heat by absorption of NIR radiation. Dynamic temperature mapping of the printed motifs was performed by using a thermal camera while irradiating the samples with an IR lamp. The printed samples presented fine features (in the order of 75 μm) and high thermal resolution (of about 250 μm). The findings are supported by thermal finite-element simulations, which also allow us to explore the effect of different substrate characteristics on the thermal readout. Finally, we built a demonstrator comprising a QR Code invisible to the naked eye, which became visible in thermal images under NIR radiation. The high transparency of the printed ink and the high speed of the thermal reading (figures appear/disappear in less than 1 s) offer an extremely promising strategy toward low-cost, scalable production of photothermally active invisible labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzotta
- Center
for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
- The
Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna, Viale
R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Alessio Gabbani
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Carlotti
- Center
for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Marina Ruggeri
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elvira Fantechi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Ottomaniello
- Center
for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center
for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale R. Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
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95
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Della Sala F. Orbital-Free Methods for Plasmonics: Linear Response. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic systems, such as metal nanoparticles, are widely used in different application areas, going from biology to photovoltaics.The modeling of the optical response of such systems is of fundamental importance to analyze their behavior and to design new systems with required properties.When the characteristic sizes/distances reach a few nanometers, non-local and spill-out effects become relevant and conventional classical electrodynamics models are no more appropriate. Methods based on the Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TD-DFT) represent the current reference for the description of quantum effects. However, TD-DFT is based on knowledge of all occupied orbitals whose calculation is computationally prohibitive to model large plasmonic systems of interest for applications.On the other hand, methods based on the Orbital-Free (OF) formulation of TD-DFT, can scale linearly with the system size.In this Review, OF methods ranging from semiclassical models to the quantum hydrodynamic theory, will be derived from the linear response TD-DFT, so that the key approximations and properties of each method can be clearly highlighted. The accuracy of the various approximations will be then validated for the linear optical properties of jellium nanoparticles, the most relevant model system in plasmonics. OF methods can describe the collective excitations in plasmonic systems with great accuracy andwithout system-tuned parameters. The accuracy on these methods depends only on the accuracy on the (universal) kinetic energy functional of the ground-state electronic density. Current approximations and future development directions will be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Della Sala
- CNR-IMM, IMM CNR Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies
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96
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Abramovich S, Dutta D, Rizza C, Santoro S, Aquino M, Cupolillo A, Occhiuzzi J, Russa MFL, Ghosh B, Farias D, Locatelli A, Boukhvalov DW, Agarwal A, Curcio E, Bar Sadan M, Politano A. NiSe and CoSe Topological Nodal-Line Semimetals: A Sustainable Platform for Efficient Thermoplasmonics and Solar-Driven Photothermal Membrane Distillation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201473. [PMID: 35808958 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The control of heat at the nanoscale via the excitation of localized surface plasmons in nanoparticles (NPs) irradiated with light holds great potential in several fields (cancer therapy, catalysis, desalination). To date, most thermoplasmonic applications are based on Ag and Au NPs, whose cost of raw materials inevitably limits the scalability for industrial applications requiring large amounts of photothermal NPs, as in the case of desalination plants. On the other hand, alternative nanomaterials proposed so far exhibit severe restrictions associated with the insufficient photothermal efficacy in the visible, the poor chemical stability, and the challenging scalability. Here, it is demonstrated the outstanding potential of NiSe and CoSe topological nodal-line semimetals for thermoplasmonics. The anisotropic dielectric properties of NiSe and CoSe activate additional plasmonic resonances. Specifically, NiSe and CoSe NPs support multiple localized surface plasmons in the optical range, resulting in a broadband matching with sunlight radiation spectrum. Finally, it is validated the proposed NiSe and CoSe-based thermoplasmonic platform by implementing solar-driven membrane distillation by adopting NiSe and CoSe nanofillers embedded in a polymeric membrane for seawater desalination. Remarkably, replacing Ag with NiSe and CoSe for solar membrane distillation increases the transmembrane flux by 330% and 690%, respectively. Correspondingly, costs of raw materials are also reduced by 24 and 11 times, respectively. The results pave the way for the advent of NiSe and CoSe for efficient and sustainable thermoplasmonics and related applications exploiting sunlight within the paradigm of the circular blue economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Abramovich
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Debasis Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Carlo Rizza
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Sergio Santoro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci CUBO 44A, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
| | - Marco Aquino
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci CUBO 44A, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
| | - Anna Cupolillo
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 31/C, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
| | - Jessica Occhiuzzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Mauro Francesco La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, cubo 12/B, Arcavacata di, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
| | - Barun Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Daniel Farias
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto "Nicolás Cabrera", Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea Locatelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone S.C.p.A, S.S. 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci CUBO 44A, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
- Seligenda Membrane Technologies s.r.l., c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 45A, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
| | - Maya Bar Sadan
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Antonio Politano
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
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97
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Korsa MT, Petersen S, Rahmani N, Shabani A, Mishra YK, Adam J. Photonic Materials Cloud: An Online Interactive Open Tool for Creating, Comparing, and Testing Photonic Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152585. [PMID: 35957016 PMCID: PMC9370397 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoscale fabrication and characterization further accelerated research on photonics and plasmonics, which has already attracted long-standing interest. Alongside morphological constraints, phenomena in both fields highly depend on the materials’ optical properties, dimensions, and surroundings. Building up the required knowledge and experience to design next-generation photonic devices can be a complex task for novice and experienced researchers who intend to evaluate the impact of subtle material and morphology variations while setting up experiments or getting a general overview. Here, we introduce the Photonic Materials Cloud (PMCloud), a web-based, interactive open tool for designing and analyzing photonic materials. PMCloud allows identification of the subtle differences between optical material models generated from a database, experimental data input, and inline-generated materials from various analytical models. Furthermore, it provides a fully interactive interface to evaluate their performance in important fundamental (numerical) optical experiments. We demonstrate PMCloud’s applicability to state-of-the-art research questions, namely the comparison of the novel plasmonic materials aluminium-doped zinc oxide and zirconium nitride and the design of an optical, dielectric thin-film Bragg reflector. PMCloud opens a rapid, freely accessible path towards prototyping optical materials and simple fundamental devices and may serve as an educational platform for photonic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiyas Tsegay Korsa
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.T.K.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Søren Petersen
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark;
| | - Neda Rahmani
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.T.K.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark;
| | - Alireza Shabani
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.T.K.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark;
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Centre NanoSyd, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark;
| | - Jost Adam
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (M.T.K.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-6550-8209
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98
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Lebsir Y, Boroviks S, Thomaschewski M, Bozhevolnyi SI, Zenin VA. Ultimate Limit for Optical Losses in Gold, Revealed by Quantitative Near-Field Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5759-5764. [PMID: 35787133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report thorough measurements of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) running along nearly perfect air-gold interfaces formed by atomically flat surfaces of chemically synthesized gold monocrystals. By means of amplitude- and phase-resolved near-field microscopy, we obtain their propagation length and effective mode index at visible wavelengths (532, 594, 632.8, 729, and 800 nm). The measured values are compared with the values obtained from the dielectric functions of gold that are reported in literature. Importantly, a reported dielectric function of monocrystalline gold implies ∼1.5 times shorter propagation lengths than those observed in our experiments, whereas a dielectric function reported for properly fabricated polycrystalline gold leads to SPP propagation lengths matching our results. We argue that the SPP propagation lengths measured in our experiments signify the ultimate limit of optical losses in gold, encouraging further comprehensive characterization of optical material properties of pure gold as well as other plasmonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Lebsir
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sergejs Boroviks
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Vladimir A Zenin
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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99
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Mehla S, Selvakannan PR, Bhargava SK. Readily tunable surface plasmon resonances in gold nanoring arrays fabricated using lateral electrodeposition. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9989-9996. [PMID: 35793170 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Generation and fine-tuning of surface plasmon resonances is a prerequstite for several established and emerging applications such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, photothermal therapy, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, sensing, superlensing and lasing. We present a low-cost and scalable lateral electrodeposition method for fabrication of high aspect ratio gold nanoring arrays that exhibit multiple surface plasmon resonances in the visible to near-infrared region. Nickel disc arrays of 2 µm size were initially fabricated using maskless lithography and e-beam evaporation. Selective electrodeposition of gold on the lateral surfaces of nickel disc arrays was achieved using a 50 nm SiO2 film as an insulating mask. Growing from miniscule 100 nm wide lateral surfaces of nickel discs, nanorings with height up to 1084 nm could be obtained with their thickness and aspect ratio governed by the duration of electrodeposition. Facile tuning of the number of plasmon resonances, their resonant wavelength and relative intensity is demonstrated with applications in plasmon mediated photocatalysis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Mehla
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - P R Selvakannan
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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100
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Maurya KC, Rao D, Acharya S, Rao P, Pillai AIK, Selvaraja SK, Garbrecht M, Saha B. Polar Semiconducting Scandium Nitride as an Infrared Plasmon and Phonon-Polaritonic Material. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5182-5190. [PMID: 35713183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of light with collective charge oscillations, called plasmon-polariton, and with polar lattice vibrations, called phonon-polariton, are essential for confining light at deep subwavelength dimensions and achieving strong resonances. Traditionally, doped-semiconductors and conducting metal oxides (CMO) are used to achieve plasmon-polaritons in the near-to-mid infrared (IR), while polar dielectrics are utilized for realizing phonon-polaritons in the long-wavelength IR (LWIR) spectral regions. However, demonstrating low-loss plasmon- and phonon-polaritons in one host material will make it attractive for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate high-quality tunable short-wavelength IR (SWIR) plasmon-polariton and LWIR phonon-polariton in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible group III-V polar semiconducting scandium nitride (ScN) thin films. We achieve both resonances by utilizing n-type (oxygen) and p-type (magnesium) doping in ScN that allows modulation of carrier concentration from 5 × 1018 to 1.6 × 1021 cm-3. Our work enables infrared nanophotonics with an epitaxial group III semiconducting nitride, opening the possibility for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chand Maurya
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Dheemahi Rao
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shashidhara Acharya
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Pavithra Rao
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Shankar Kumar Selvaraja
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Magnus Garbrecht
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bivas Saha
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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