51
|
Dysregulation of Neuronal Cholesterol Homeostasis upon Exposure to HIV-1 Tat and Cocaine Revealed by RNA-Sequencing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16300. [PMID: 30390000 PMCID: PMC6215004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat protein is released from HIV-1-infected cells and can enter non-permissive cells including neurons. Tat disrupts neuronal homeostasis and may contribute to the neuropathogenesis in people living with HIV (PLWH). The use of cocaine by PLWH exacerbates neuronal dysfunction. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which Tat and cocaine facilitate alterations in neuronal homeostatic processes. Bioinformatic interrogation of the results from RNA deep sequencing of rat hippocampal neurons exposed to Tat alone indicated the dysregulation of several genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Following exposure to Tat and cocaine, the activation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes led to increased levels of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in rat neurons. Results from lipid metabolism arrays validated upregulation of several processes implicated in the biogenesis of β-amyloid and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including sterol o-acyltransferase 1/acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1/ACAT1), sortilin-related receptor L1 (SORL1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 12 (LRP12). Further studies in Tat-treated primary neuronal cultures and brain tissues from HIV-1 transgenic mice as well as SIV-infected macaques confirmed elevated levels of SOAT1/ACAT 1 proteins. Our results offer novel insights into the molecular events involved in HIV and cocaine-mediated neuronal dysfunction that may also contribute to neuropathogenic events associated with the development of AD.
Collapse
|
52
|
Rico JE, Giesy SL, Haughey NJ, Boisclair YR, McFadden JW. Intravenous Triacylglycerol Infusion Promotes Ceramide Accumulation and Hepatic Steatosis in Dairy Cows. J Nutr 2018; 148:1529-1535. [PMID: 30281114 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) impair insulin sensitivity in dairy cows via unknown mechanisms. In nonruminants, saturated FFAs upregulate the hepatic synthesis and secretion of ceramide, which inhibits insulin action. Objective We aimed to determine whether an increase in plasma FFAs promotes hepatic and plasma ceramide accumulation in dairy cows. Methods Six nonpregnant, nonlactating Holstein cows were used in a study with a crossover design and treatments consisting of intravenous infusion of either saline (control) or triacylglycerol emulsion (TG; 20 g/h) for 16 h. The feeding level was set at 120% of energy requirements. Blood was collected at regular intervals and liver was biopsied at 16 h. Ceramides, monohexosylceramides (Glc/Gal-Cer), lactosylceramides (LacCer), and sphingomyelins (SMs) in plasma and liver were profiled. Hepatic expression of ceramide synthases was determined. Data were analyzed with the use of mixed models, regressions, and Spearman rank correlations. Results After 16 h of infusion, plasma FFA concentrations were >5-fold and liver triacylglycerol concentrations were 4-fold greater in TG cows, relative to control. Plasma total and very long-chain ceramide (e.g., C24:0-ceramide) concentrations increased ∼4-fold in TG over control by hour 16 of infusion, while C16:0-ceramide were not modified by TG. Infusion of TG increased plasma Glc/Gal-Cer (e.g., C16:0-Glc/Gal-Cer, 4-fold by hour 16) relative to control, but did not alter LacCer or SM concentrations. Hepatic ceramide concentrations increased with TG relative to control (e.g., C24:0-ceramide by 1.7-fold). Hepatic expression of ceramide synthase 2 was 60% greater after TG infusion compared with the control. Circulating ceramides were related to circulating FFA and hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations (e.g., C24:0-ceramide, ρ = 0.73 and 0.80, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion Hepatic ceramide synthesis is associated with elevations in circulating FFAs and hepatic triacylglycerol during the induction of hyperlipidemia in dairy cows. This work supports the emerging evidence for the role of ceramide during hepatic steatosis and insulin antagonism in cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Eduardo Rico
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Sarah L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Yang H, Ralle M, Wolfgang MJ, Dhawan N, Burkhead JL, Rodriguez S, Kaplan JH, Wong GW, Haughey N, Lutsenko S. Copper-dependent amino oxidase 3 governs selection of metabolic fuels in adipocytes. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006519. [PMID: 30199530 PMCID: PMC6130853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has emerged as an important modifier of body lipid metabolism. However, how Cu contributes to the physiology of fat cells remains largely unknown. We found that adipocytes require Cu to establish a balance between main metabolic fuels. Differentiating adipocytes increase their Cu uptake along with the ATP7A-dependent transport of Cu into the secretory pathway to activate a highly up-regulated amino-oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3)/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO); in vivo, the activity of SSAO depends on the organism's Cu status. Activated SSAO oppositely regulates uptake of glucose and long-chain fatty acids and remodels the cellular proteome to coordinate changes in fuel availability and related downstream processes, such as glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis, and sphingomyelin/ceramide synthesis. The loss of SSAO-dependent regulation due to Cu deficiency, limited Cu transport to the secretory pathway, or SSAO inactivation shifts metabolism towards lipid-dependent pathways and results in adipocyte hypertrophy and fat accumulation. The results establish a role for Cu homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism and identify SSAO as a regulator of energy utilization processes in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neha Dhawan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Burkhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Tan LHR, Tan AJR, Ng YY, Chua JJE, Chew WS, Muralidharan S, Torta F, Dutta B, Sze SK, Herr DR, Ong WY. Enriched Expression of Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 in the Striatum is Essential for Regulation of Lipid Raft Content and Motor Coordination. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5741-5756. [PMID: 29043558 PMCID: PMC5994222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze sphingomyelin to generate phosphocholine and ceramide. The brain distribution and function of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) were elucidated in this study. nSMase2 mRNA expression was greatest in the striatum, followed by the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem, and olfactory bulb. The striatum had the highest level of nSMase2 protein expression, followed by the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Dense immunolabeling was observed in the striatum, including the caudate-putamen, while moderately dense staining was found in the olfactory bulb and cerebral neocortex. Electron microscopy of the caudate-putamen showed nSMase2 immunoreaction product was present in small diameter dendrites or dendritic spines, that formed asymmetrical synapses with unlabeled axon terminals containing small round vesicles; and characteristics of glutamatergic axons. Lipidomic analysis of the striatum showed increase in long chain sphingomyelins, SM36:1 and SM38:1 after inhibition of nSMase activity. Quantitative proteomic analysis of striatal lipid raft fraction showed many proteins were downregulated by more than 2-fold after inhibition or antisense knockdown of nSMase; consistent with the notion that nSMase2 activity is important for aggregation or clustering of proteins in lipid rafts. Inhibition or antisense knockdown of nSMase2 in the caudate-putamen resulted in motor deficits in the rotarod and narrow beam tests; as well as decreased acoustic startle and improved prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Together, results indicate an important function of nSMase2 in the striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hui-Ru Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Angela Jin-Rong Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yu-Ying Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - John Jia-En Chua
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee-Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Sneha Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Bamaprasad Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Mielke MM, Haughey NJ, Han D, An Y, Bandaru VVR, Lyketsos CG, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. The Association Between Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Differs by Sex and APOE in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:819-828. [PMID: 28035934 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular and animal studies demonstrated relationships between sphingolipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. High blood ceramide levels have been shown to predict cognitive impairment and AD, but these studies had small sample sizes and did not assess differences in risk by sex or APOE genotype. OBJECTIVE To determine whether plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins were associated with risk of AD, and whether the association varied by sex and APOE genotype. METHODS Participants included 626 men and 366 women, aged 55 years and older, enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins were determined using quantitative analyses performed on a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer. Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by sex, were used to examine the relationship of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with risk of AD over a mean (SD) follow-up of 15.0 (7.0) years for men and 13.1 (5.9) years for women. RESULTS Among men, the highest tertile of most ceramides and sphingomyelins were associated with an increased risk of AD. Among women, there were no associations between any of the ceramides and risk of AD. In contrast, women in the highest tertile of most sphingomyelins had a reduced risk of AD, which was most pronounced among APOE ɛ4 carriers. CONCLUSION These results provide further evidence for the role of sphingolipid metabolism in AD and highlight the importance of considering sex and APOE genotype in assessing this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dingfen Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Mathews AT, Famodu OA, Olfert MD, Murray PJ, Cuff CF, Downes MT, Haughey NJ, Colby SE, Chantler PD, Olfert IM, McFadden JW. Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/13/e13329. [PMID: 28694327 PMCID: PMC5506522 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends a diet largely composed of fruit and vegetables. Consuming a diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in refined carbohydrates and saturated fat may reduce an individual's risk for type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, low‐grade chronic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several recent studies have implicated the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide as an associative and causative biomarker for the development of these conditions. Considering that the intake of fruit and vegetables is frequently inadequate in young adults, we performed a pilot investigation to assess the efficacy of a free‐living fruit and vegetable intervention on overall metabolic health, circulating ceramide supply, and inflammatory status in young adults. We discovered that adoption of the recommended DGA for fruit and vegetable intake for 8 weeks decreased waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and circulating cholesterol. Lipidomics analysis revealed that nutritional intervention can lower circulating ceramides, including C24:0 ceramide, a known inhibitor of insulin signaling. Unexpectedly, we observed an increase in C16:0 ceramide, suggesting that this form of ceramide in circulation is not associated with metabolic disease in humans. We also observed an improved inflammatory status with enhanced fruit and vegetable intake that was correlated with ceramide concentrations. These data suggest that adopting the recommended DGA is associated with a reduction of many, but not all, ceramide species and may help to prevent or mitigate MetS. Future research needs to assess whether the ceramide‐lowering ability of nutritional intervention is associated with reduced risk of developing metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice T Mathews
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Oluremi A Famodu
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Pamela J Murray
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Christopher F Cuff
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Marianne T Downes
- Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E Colby
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Paul D Chantler
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - I Mark Olfert
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Joseph W McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Lindegaard B, Hvid T, Wolsk Mygind H, Hartvig-Mortensen O, Grøndal T, Abildgaard J, Gerstoft J, Pedersen BK, Baranowski M. Low expression of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor in human skeletal muscle is associated with systemic and intramuscular lipid metabolism-Role of HIV lipodystrophy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0186755. [PMID: 29342149 PMCID: PMC5771554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin (IL)-18 is involved in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Mice lacking whole-body IL-18 signalling are prone to develop weight gain and insulin resistance, a phenotype which is associated with impaired fat oxidation and ectopic skeletal muscle lipid deposition. IL-18 mRNA is expressed in human skeletal muscle but a role for IL-18 in muscle has not been identified. Patients with HIV-infection and lipodystrophy (LD) are characterized by lipid and glucose disturbances and increased levels of circulating IL-18. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle IL-18 and IL-18 receptor (R) expression would be altered in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy. Design and methods Twenty-three HIV-infected patients with LD and 15 age-matched healthy controls were included in a cross-sectional study. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained and IL-18 and IL-18R mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR and sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-Phosphate, sphinganine) were measured by HPLC. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA and the insulin response during an OGTT. Results Patients with HIV-LD had a 60% and 54% lower level of muscular IL-18 and IL-18R mRNA expression, respectively, compared to age-matched healthy controls. Patients with HIV-LD had a trend towards increased levels of ceramide (18.3±4.7 versus 14.8±3.0,p = 0.06) and sphingosine (0.41±0.13 versus 0.32±0.07, and lower level of sphinganine (p = 0.06). Low levels of muscle IL-18 mRNA correlated to high levels of ceramides (r = -0.31, p = 0.038) and sphingosine-1P (r = -0.29, p = 0.046) in skeletal muscle, whereas such a correlation was not found in healthy controls. Low expression of IL-18 mRNA in skeletal muscle correlated to elevated concentration of circulating triglycerides (Rp = -0.73, p<0.0001). Neither muscle expression of IL-18 mRNA or ceramide correlated to parameters of insulin resistance. Conclusion IL-18 (mRNA) in skeletal muscle appears to be involved in the regulation of intramuscular lipid metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Lindegaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Lung- and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Thine Hvid
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Wolsk Mygind
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Grøndal
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Abildgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre of Physical Activity Research, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
The role of sphingolipids in psychoactive drug use and addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:651-672. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
59
|
Rico J, Zang Y, Haughey N, Rius A, McFadden J. Short communication: Circulating fatty acylcarnitines are elevated in overweight periparturient dairy cows in association with sphingolipid biomarkers of insulin resistance. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:812-819. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
60
|
Sajja VSSS, Jablonska A, Haughey N, Bulte JWM, Stevens RD, Long JB, Walczak P, Janowski M. Sphingolipids and microRNA Changes in Blood following Blast Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:353-361. [PMID: 29020847 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, accurate and reliable biomarkers to ascertain the presence, severity, or prognosis of blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) are lacking. There is an urgent need to establish accurate and reliable biomarkers capable of mbTBI detection. Currently, there are no studies that identify changes in miRNA and lipids at varied severities of bTBI. Various biological components such as lipids, circulating mRNA, and miRNA, could potentially be detected using advanced techniques such as next-generation sequencing and mass spectroscopy. Therefore, plasma analysis is an attractive approach with which to diagnose and treat brain injuries. Subacute changes in plasma microRNA (miRNA) and lipid composition for sphingolipids were evaluated in a murine model of mild-to-moderate bTBI using next-generation sequencing and mass spectroscopy respectively. Animals were exposed at 17, 17 × 3, and 20 psi blast intensities using a calibrated blast simulator. Plasma lipid profiling demonstrated decreased C18 fatty acid chains of sphingomyelins and increased ceramide levels when compared with controls. Plasma levels of brain-enriched miRNA, miR-127 were increased in all groups while let-7a, b, and g were reduced in the 17 × 3 and 20 psi groups, but let 7d was increased in the 17 psi group. The majority of the miRs and lipids are highly conserved across different species, making them attractive to explore and potentially employ as diagnostic markers. It is tempting to speculate that sphingolipids, miR-128, and the let-7 family could predict mTBI, while a combination of miR-484, miR-122, miR-148a, miR-130a, and miR-223 could be used to predict the overall status of injury following blast injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Siva Sai Sujith Sajja
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Johns Hopkins Military & Veterans Health Institute , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Anna Jablonska
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Norman Haughey
- 5 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,6 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert D Stevens
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,5 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,7 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph B Long
- 4 Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,8 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,9 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Paroxetine and fluconazole therapy for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurovirol 2017; 24:16-27. [PMID: 29063516 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paroxetine and fluconazole have neuroprotective effects in an in vitro model of HIV protein-mediated neuronal injury. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of both paroxetine and fluconazole for the treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). A 24-week randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial design study was used. HIV+ individuals with cognitive impairment were enrolled in the 24-week trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) paroxetine 20 mg/day, (2) fluconazole 100 mg every 12 h, (3) paroxetine and fluconazole, or (4) placebo. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy were evaluated. Forty-five HIV+ individuals were enrolled. Medications were well tolerated. Compared to no paroxetine arms, HIV+ individuals receiving paroxetine showed improved NPZ8 summary scores, (mean change = 0.25 vs - 0.19, p = 0.049), CalCAP sequential test reaction time (mean change = 0.34 vs -0.23, p = 0.014), Trail Making Part B test performance (mean change = 0.49 vs - 0.33, p = 0.041), and FAS verbal fluency (mean change = 0.25 vs 0.02, p = 0.020) but a decline in the Letter number sequencing test (mean change = - 0.40 vs 0.26, p = 0.023). Biomarkers of cellular stress, inflammation, and neuronal damage were not affected by paroxetine. HIV+ individuals receiving fluconazole did not show a benefit in cognition and showed an increase in multiple markers of cellular stress compared to the no fluconazole arms. In conclusion, paroxetine was associated with improvement in a summary neuropsychological test measure and in several neuropsychological tests but worse performance in one neuropsychological test. Further studies of paroxetine for the treatment of HAND and to define its precise neuroprotective properties are warranted.
Collapse
|
62
|
Womersley JS, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Childhood maltreatment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders share similar pathophysiology: a potential sensitisation mechanism? Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1717-1733. [PMID: 28681198 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are increasingly prevalent despite the use of antiretroviral therapies. Previous research suggests that individual host factors play an important role in determining susceptibility to HAND. In this review, we propose that childhood trauma (CT) and HAND share several common aetiological mechanisms, namely hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. These convergent and consequent mechanisms may translate into an increased risk of developing HAND in individuals who have experienced early life stress. We provide an overview of basic and clinical research relating to these pathophysiological mechanisms and suggest that further research examine brain-derived neurotrophic factor and telomere length as common mediating factors and potential therapeutic targets for HAND and CT. Graphical abstract Both childhood trauma and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are associated with HPA axis dysregulation, inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Rahimian P, He JJ. HIV/neuroAIDS biomarkers. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:117-132. [PMID: 27084354 PMCID: PMC5705228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection often causes neurological symptoms including cognitive and motor dysfunction, which have been collectively termed HIV/neuroAIDS. Neuropsychological assessment and clinical symptoms have been the primary diagnostic criteria for HIV/neuroAIDS, even for the mild cognitive and motor disorder, the most prevalent form of HIV/neuroAIDS in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Those performance-based assessments and symptoms are generally descriptive and do not have the sensitivity and specificity to monitor the diagnosis, progression, and treatment response of the disease when compared to objective and quantitative laboratory-based biological markers, or biomarkers. In addition, effects of demographics and comorbidities such as substance abuse, psychiatric disease, nutritional deficiencies, and co-infection on HIV/neuroAIDS could be more readily determined using biomarkers than using neuropsychological assessment and clinical symptoms. Thus, there have been great efforts in identification of HIV/neuroAIDS biomarkers over the past two decades. The need for reliable biomarkers of HIV/neuroAIDS is expected to increase as the HIV-infected population ages and their vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease increases. Currently, three classes of HIV/neuroAIDS biomarkers are being pursued to establish objective laboratory-based definitions of HIV-associated neurologic injury: cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, blood biomarkers, and neuroimaging biomarkers. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge in the field of HIV/neuroAIDS biomarker discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Rahimian
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Identifying therapeutic targets by combining transcriptional data with ordinal clinical measurements. Nat Commun 2017; 8:623. [PMID: 28931805 PMCID: PMC5606996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense and growing repositories of transcriptional data may contain critical insights for developing new therapies. Current approaches to mining these data largely rely on binary classifications of disease vs. control, and are not able to incorporate measures of disease severity. We report an analytical approach to integrate ordinal clinical information with transcriptomics. We apply this method to public data for a large cohort of Huntington’s disease patients and controls, identifying and prioritizing phenotype-associated genes. We verify the role of a high-ranked gene in dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in the disease and demonstrate that inhibiting the enzyme, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SPL), has neuroprotective effects in Huntington’s disease models. Finally, we show that one consequence of inhibiting SPL is intracellular inhibition of histone deacetylases, thus linking our observations in sphingolipid metabolism to a well-characterized Huntington’s disease pathway. Our approach is easily applied to any data with ordinal clinical measurements, and may deepen our understanding of disease processes. Identifying gene subsets affecting disease phenotypes from transcriptome data is challenge. Here, the authors develop a method that combines transcriptional data with disease ordinal clinical measurements to discover a sphingolipid metabolism regulator involving in Huntington’s disease progression.
Collapse
|
65
|
de Mello-Coelho V, Cutler RG, Bunbury A, Tammara A, Mattson MP, Taub DD. Age-associated alterations in the levels of cytotoxic lipid molecular species and oxidative stress in the murine thymus are reduced by growth hormone treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 167:46-55. [PMID: 28865931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During age-associated thymic involution, thymocytes decrease and lipid-laden cells accumulate. However, if and how aging affects the thymic lipid profile is not well understood, nor is it known if the hormonal milieu modifies this process. Here we demonstrate a correlation between reduced thymocyte numbers and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress with age. Evaluating the lipidomics profile of the whole thymus, between the ages of 4 (young) and 18 months (old), we found increased amounts of triacylglycerides, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) with age. Moreover, levels of C24:0 and C24:1 sphingomyelins and ceramide C16:0 were elevated in 12-14 month-old (middle-aged) mice while the levels of sulfatide ceramide and ganglioside GD1a increased in the old thymus. Evaluating isolated thymocytes, we found increased levels of cholesterol ester and 4-HNE adducts, as compared to young mice. Next, we treated middle-aged mice with growth hormone (GH), which has been considered a potent immunomodulator. GH reduced thymic levels of TNF-α and 4-HNE and increased the number of thymocytes as well as the thymic levels of dihydroceramide, a ceramide precursor and autophagic stimuli for cell survival. In conclusion, GH treatment attenuated inflammation and age-related increases in oxidative stress and lipotoxicity in the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria de Mello-Coelho
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA; Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA.
| | - Allyson Bunbury
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA.
| | - Anita Tammara
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA.
| | - Dennis D Taub
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA; Center for Translational Studies, Medical Service, VA Medical Center-DC, Washington DC, 20422, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Davis AN, Clegg JL, Perry CA, McFadden JW. Nutrient Restriction Increases Circulating and Hepatic Ceramide in Dairy Cows Displaying Impaired Insulin Tolerance. Lipids 2017; 52:771-780. [PMID: 28836149 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Davis
- ; Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences; West Virginia University; Morgantown 26505 USA
| | - J. L. Clegg
- ; Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences; West Virginia University; Morgantown 26505 USA
| | - C. A. Perry
- ; Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences; West Virginia University; Morgantown 26505 USA
| | - J. W. McFadden
- ; Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences; West Virginia University; Morgantown 26505 USA
- ; Cornell University; 264 Morrison Hall Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Chronic low-level expression of HIV-1 Tat promotes a neurodegenerative phenotype with aging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7748. [PMID: 28798382 PMCID: PMC5552766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of combinational antiretroviral therapies (cART) in developed countries has changed the course of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection from an almost universally fatal disease to a chronic infection for the majority of individuals. Although cART has reduced the severity of neurological damage in HIV-infected individuals, the likelihood of cognitive impairment increases with age, and duration of infection. As cART does not suppress the expression of HIV non-structural proteins, it has been proposed that a constitutive production of HIV regulatory proteins in infected brain cells may contribute to neurological damage. However, this assumption has never been experimentally tested. Here we take advantage of the leaky tetracycline promoter system in the Tat-transgenic mouse to show that a chronic very low-level expression of Tat is associated with astrocyte activation, inflammatory cytokine expression, ceramide accumulation, reductions in brain volume, synaptic, and axonal damage that occurs over a time frame of 1 year. These data suggest that a chronic low-level production of Tat may contribute to progressive neurological damage in virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals.
Collapse
|
68
|
Phipps ZC, Seck F, Davis AN, Rico JE, McFadden JW. Technical note: Characterization of ceramide in bovine lipoproteins. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8602-8608. [PMID: 28755941 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic synthesis and export of ceramide is enhanced in diabetic monogastrics. Moreover, ceramide in lipoproteins can mediate the development of insulin resistance. We have previously demonstrated that circulating ceramide increases during the progression of insulin resistance in postpartum dairy cows. Considering that the origins of circulating ceramide required investigation, our objective was to develop a method to characterize the ceramide profile of lipoprotein fractions collected from dairy cows. Serum was collected from 4 nonpregnant and nonlactating Holstein dairy cows. Serum lipoproteins were isolated using size exclusion chromatography by fast protein liquid chromatography (SEC-FPLC). Measurement of triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid, total cholesterol, and protein was performed using standard colorimetry practices. Following lipid extraction, fractions were analyzed using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using a mixed model. Lipoprotein isolation using SEC-FPLC and subsequent colorimetric analyses confirmed the presence of 4 distinct fractions: TAG-rich, low density (LDL), and large (buoyant) and small (dense) high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses. As expected, the fraction representing mixed very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons primarily contained TAG. Low density lipoprotein fractions were equally enriched with cholesterol and phospholipid. Buoyant HDL contained elevated levels of cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein. In contrast, the fraction containing dense HDL primarily contained protein. Our method revealed that LDL are enriched with ceramides. Ceramides were also compartmentalized to a lesser extent within both HDL subclasses and TAG-rich lipoproteins. Comparable to whole serum, C16:0-ceramide was the predominant ceramide quantified in all lipoprotein subclasses. Interestingly, the proportion of C24:0-ceramide to total ceramide was elevated in TAG-rich lipoproteins, relative to all other lipoprotein subclasses. We conclude that SEC-FPLC coupled with mass spectrometry is a means to quantify ceramides in lipoprotein fractions. Moreover, ceramides are enriched within bovine LDL, and lipoprotein ceramide profiles reflect levels observed in whole serum. Future investigation will need to determine the biological importance of lipoprotein ceramides with distinct C-chains at amide residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z C Phipps
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - F Seck
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - A N Davis
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - J E Rico
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - J W McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ubaida-Mohien C, Lamberty B, Dickens AM, Mielke MM, Marcotte T, Sacktor N, Grant I, Letendre S, Franklin D, Cibrowski P, Tharakan R, McArthur JC, Fox H, Haughey NJ. Modifications in acute phase and complement systems predict shifts in cognitive status of HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2017; 31:1365-1378. [PMID: 28574961 PMCID: PMC5501712 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) has not changed considerably in the last two decades. Potent antiretroviral therapy has shifted the severity of HAND to milder phenotypes, but excess morbidity and mortality continue to be associated with HAND. Changes in numerous markers of immune function, inflammation, and cellular stress have been repeatedly associated with HAND, but the underlying systems that drive these changes have not been identified. METHOD In this study, we used systems informatics to interrogate the cerebrospinal fluid proteomic content of longitudinal samples obtained from HIV-infected adults with stably unimpaired, stably impaired, worsening, or improving neurocognitive performance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The patterns of change in cerebrospinal fluid protein content implicated the induction of acute phase and complement systems as important regulators of neurocognitive status. Worsening neurocognitive performance was preceded by induction of acute phase and complement systems, whereas improving neurocognitive performance was preceded by a downregulation of these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore,
Maryland
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Benjamin Lamberty
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of
Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE
| | - Alex M. Dickens
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research and
Department of Neurology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas Marcotte
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program and Department of Psychiatry,
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ned Sacktor
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Igor Grant
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program and Department of Psychiatry,
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott Letendre
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program and Department of Psychiatry,
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - D Franklin
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program and Department of Psychiatry,
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pawel Cibrowski
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of
Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE
| | - Ravi Tharakan
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD
| | - Justin C. McArthur
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Howard Fox
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of
Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Baltimore, MD
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Hatoum D, Haddadi N, Lin Y, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. Mammalian sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes and isoform expression: challenges for SphK as an oncotarget. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36898-36929. [PMID: 28415564 PMCID: PMC5482707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The various sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes (isozymes) and isoforms, key players in normal cellular physiology, are strongly implicated in cancer and other diseases. Mutations in SphKs, that may justify abnormal physiological function, have not been recorded. Nonetheless, there is a large and growing body of evidence demonstrating the contribution of gain or loss of function and the imbalance in the SphK/S1P rheostat to a plethora of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. SphK is expressed as two isozymes SphK1 and SphK2, transcribed from genes located on different chromosomes and both isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Expression of each SphK isozyme produces alternately spliced isoforms. In recent years the importance of the contribution of SpK1 expression to treatment resistance in cancer has been highlighted and, additionally, differences in treatment outcome appear to also be dependent upon SphK isoform expression. This review focuses on an exciting emerging area of research involving SphKs functions, expression and subcellular localization, highlighting the complexity of targeting SphK in cancer and also comorbid diseases. This review also covers the SphK isoenzymes and isoforms from a historical perspective, from their first discovery in murine species and then in humans, their role(s) in normal cellular function and in disease processes, to advancement of SphK as an oncotarget.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Rico JE, Saed Samii S, Mathews AT, Lovett J, Haughey NJ, McFadden JW. Temporal changes in sphingolipids and systemic insulin sensitivity during the transition from gestation to lactation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176787. [PMID: 28486481 PMCID: PMC5423608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced insulin action develops naturally during the peripartum to ensure maternal nutrient delivery to the fetus and neonate. However, increased insulin resistance can facilitate excessive lipolysis which in turn promotes metabolic disease in overweight dairy cattle. Increased fatty acid availability favors the accumulation of the sphingolipid ceramide and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, however, the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin resistance during the peripartum remains largely unknown. Our objectives were to characterize temporal responses in plasma and tissue sphingolipids in lean and overweight peripartal cows and to establish the relationships between sphingolipid supply and lipolysis, hepatic lipid deposition, and systemic insulin action. Twenty-one multiparous lean and overweight Holstein cows were enrolled in a longitudinal study spanning the transition from gestation to lactation (d -21 to 21, relative to parturition). Plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained, and sphingolipids were profiled using LC/MS/MS. Insulin sensitivity was assessed utilizing intravenous insulin and glucose challenges. Our results demonstrated the following: first, insulin resistance develops postpartum concurrently with increased lipolysis and hepatic lipid accumulation; second, ceramides and glycosylated ceramides accumulate during the transition from gestation to lactation and are further elevated in overweight cows; third, ceramide accrual is associated with lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation, and C16:0- and C24:0-ceramide are inversely associated with systemic insulin sensitivity postpartum; fourth, plasma sphingomyelin, a potential source of ceramides reaches a nadir at parturition and is closely associated with feed intake; fifth, select sphingomyelins are lower in the plasma of overweight cows during the peripartal period. Our results demonstrate that dynamic changes occur in peripartal sphingolipids that are influenced by adiposity, and are associated with the onset of peripartal insulin resistance. These observations are in agreement with a putative potential role for sphingolipids in facilitating the physiological adaptations of peripartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Eduardo Rico
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sina Saed Samii
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alice T. Mathews
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph W. McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
73
|
Dickens AM, Tovar-Y-Romo LB, Yoo SW, Trout AL, Bae M, Kanmogne M, Megra B, Williams DW, Witwer KW, Gacias M, Tabatadze N, Cole RN, Casaccia P, Berman JW, Anthony DC, Haughey NJ. Astrocyte-shed extracellular vesicles regulate the peripheral leukocyte response to inflammatory brain lesions. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/473/eaai7696. [PMID: 28377412 PMCID: PMC5590230 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai7696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury induces a peripheral acute cytokine response that directs the transmigration of leukocytes into the brain. Because this brain-to-peripheral immune communication affects patient recovery, understanding its regulation is important. Using a mouse model of inflammatory brain injury, we set out to find a soluble mediator for this phenomenon. We found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed from astrocytes in response to intracerebral injection of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) rapidly entered into peripheral circulation and promoted the transmigration of leukocytes through modulation of the peripheral acute cytokine response. Bioinformatic analysis of the protein and microRNA cargo of EVs identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) as a primary molecular target of astrocyte-shed EVs. We confirmed in mice that astrocytic EVs promoted the transmigration of leukocytes into the brain by inhibiting PPARα, resulting in the increase of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity that triggered the production of cytokines in liver. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms regulating communication between the brain and peripheral immune system and identify astrocytic EVs as a molecular regulator of the immunological response to inflammatory brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Dickens
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amanda L Trout
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mihyun Bae
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marlene Kanmogne
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bezawit Megra
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kennith W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mar Gacias
- Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nino Tabatadze
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joan W Berman
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Wenzel ED, Bachis A, Avdoshina V, Taraballi F, Tasciotti E, Mocchetti I. Endocytic Trafficking of HIV gp120 is Mediated by Dynamin and Plays a Role in gp120 Neurotoxicity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:492-503. [PMID: 28349243 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons that endocytose the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) protein gp120 exhibit neurite retraction and activation of caspase-3, suggesting that the endocytic process may be crucial for gp120-mediated neuronal injury. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that internalization and accumulation of gp120 play a role in its neurotoxic effects. In mammalian cells, endocytosis is primarily a dynamin-dependent process. To establish whether gp120 is endocytosed in a dynamin-dependent manner, we used fibroblasts in which deletion of dynamins was induced by tamoxifen. We observed a robust reduction of intracellular gp120 immunoreactivity in tamoxifen-treated cells. To examine whether endocytosis of gp120 is crucial for its neurotoxic effect, we blocked gp120 internalization into primary rat cortical neurons by dynasore, an inhibitor of the dynamin GTP-ase activity. We found that dynasore blocks both gp120 internalization and neurotoxicity. We then utilized gp120-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to deliver gp120 intracellularly. We established that once internalized, gp120 is neurotoxic regardless of chemokine receptor activation. Our data suggest that dynamin-dependent endocytosis of gp120 is critical for its neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Alessia Bachis
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Giles C, Takechi R, Mellett NA, Meikle PJ, Dhaliwal S, Mamo JC. Differential regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in plasma, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of mice administered sphingolipid modulating agents. J Neurochem 2017; 141:413-422. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Giles
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Natalie A. Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Satvinder Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - John C. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Public Health; Faculty of Health Sciences; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Sanchez AB, Kaul M. Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7030025. [PMID: 28241493 PMCID: PMC5366824 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic upon long-term exposure. In addition, abuse of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), seems to compromise antiretroviral therapy and aggravate HAND. However, the combined effect of virus and recreational and therapeutic drugs on the brain is still incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence suggest a shared critical role of oxidative stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis and autophagy in promotion and prevention of neuronal dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection, cART and psychostimulant use. In this review, we present a synopsis of recent work related to neuronal stress and injury induced by HIV infection, antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the highly addictive psychostimulant METH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Sanchez
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
HIV Tat protein and amyloid-β peptide form multifibrillar structures that cause neurotoxicity. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:379-386. [PMID: 28218748 PMCID: PMC5383535 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid-β plaques is increased in the brains of HIV-infected individuals, and the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein affects amyloidogenesis through several indirect mechanisms. Here, we investigated direct interactions between Tat and amyloid-β peptide. Our in vitro studies showed that in the presence of Tat, uniform amyloid fibrils become double twisted fibrils and further form populations of thick unstructured filaments and aggregates. Specifically, Tat binding to the exterior surfaces of the Aβ fibrils increases β-sheet formation and lateral aggregation into thick multifibrillar structures, thus producing fibers with increased rigidity and mechanical resistance. Furthermore, Tat and Aβ aggregates in complex synergistically induced neurotoxicity both in vitro and in animal models. Increased rigidity and mechanical resistance of the amyloid-β-Tat complexes coupled with stronger adhesion due to the presence of Tat in the fibrils may account for increased damage, potentially through pore formation in membranes.
Collapse
|
78
|
Ivanov AV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ivanova ON, Kochetkov SN, Starodubova ES, Bartosch B, Isaguliants MG. Oxidative Stress during HIV Infection: Mechanisms and Consequences. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8910396. [PMID: 27829986 PMCID: PMC5088339 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8910396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the defense mechanisms, they damage biological molecules, alter their functions, and also act as signaling molecules thus generating a spectrum of pathologies. In this review, we summarize current data on oxidative stress markers associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, analyze mechanisms by which this virus triggers massive ROS production, and describe the status of various defense mechanisms of the infected host cell. In addition, we have scrutinized scarce data on the effect of ROS on HIV-1 replication. Finally, we present current state of knowledge on the redox alterations as crucial factors of HIV-1 pathogenicity, such as neurotoxicity and dementia, exhaustion of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, predisposition to lung infections, and certain side effects of the antiretroviral therapy, and compare them to the pathologies associated with the nitrosative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga N. Ivanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S. Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
- M. P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow 142782, Russia
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS 5286, Lyon University, 69003 Lyon, France
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex), France
| | - Maria G. Isaguliants
- Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Fabbri E, Yang A, Simonsick EM, Chia CW, Zoli M, Haughey NJ, Mielke MM, Ferrucci L, Coen PM. Circulating ceramides are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in participants aged 54-96 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Cell 2016; 15:825-31. [PMID: 27135629 PMCID: PMC5013023 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak) declines with age and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults. Identifying biomarkers of low fitness may provide insight for why some individuals experience an accelerated decline of aerobic capacity and may serve as clinically valuable prognostic indicators of cardiovascular health. We investigated the relationship between circulating ceramides and VO2 peak in 443 men and women (mean age of 69) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Individual species of ceramide were quantified by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry. VO2 peak was measured by a graded treadmill test. We applied multiple regression models to test the associations between ceramide species and VO2 peak, while adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, serum LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and other covariates. We found that higher levels of circulating C18:0, C20:0, C24:1 ceramides and C20:0 dihydroceramides were strongly associated with lower aerobic capacity (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.018, and P < 0.001, respectively). The associations held true for both sexes (with men having a stronger association than women, P value for sex interaction <0.05) and were unchanged after adjusting for confounders and multiple comparison correction. Interestingly, no significant association was found for C16:0, C22:0, C24:0, C26:0, and C22:1 ceramide species, C24:0 dihydroceramide, or total ceramides. Our analysis reveals that specific long‐chain ceramides strongly associate with low cardiovascular fitness in older adults and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of low fitness with aging. Longitudinal studies are needed to further validate these associations and investigate the relationship between ceramides and health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fabbri
- Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD 21224 USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - An Yang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD 21224 USA
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD 21224 USA
| | - Chee W. Chia
- Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD 21224 USA
| | - Marco Zoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21224 USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Health Science Research and Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD 21224 USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes Florida Hospital Orlando FL 32804 USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Rico JE, Mathews AT, Lovett J, Haughey NJ, McFadden JW. Palmitic acid feeding increases ceramide supply in association with increased milk yield, circulating nonesterified fatty acids, and adipose tissue responsiveness to a glucose challenge. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8817-8830. [PMID: 27638262 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reduced insulin action is a key adaptation that facilitates glucose partitioning to the mammary gland for milk synthesis and enhances adipose tissue lipolysis during early lactation. The progressive recovery of insulin sensitivity as cows advance toward late lactation is accompanied by reductions in circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and milk yield. Because palmitic acid can promote insulin resistance in monogastrics through sphingolipid ceramide-dependent mechanisms, palmitic acid (C16:0) feeding may enhance milk production by restoring homeorhetic responses. We hypothesized that feeding C16:0 to mid-lactation cows would enhance ceramide supply and ceramide would be positively associated with milk yield. Twenty multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows were enrolled in a study consisting of a 5-d covariate, 49-d treatment, and 14-d posttreatment period. All cows were randomly assigned to a sorghum silage-based diet containing no supplemental fat (control; n=10; 138±45 d in milk) or C16:0 at 4% of ration dry matter (PALM; 98% C16:0; n=10; 136±44 d in milk). Blood and milk were collected at routine intervals. Liver and skeletal muscle tissue were biopsied at d 47 of treatment. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (300mg/kg of body weight) were performed at d -1, 24, and 49 relative to start of treatment. The plasma and tissue concentrations of ceramide and glycosylated ceramide were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using a mixed model with fixed effects of treatment and time, and milk yield served as a covariate. The PALM treatment increased milk yield, energy-corrected milk, and milk fat yield. The most abundant plasma and tissue sphingolipids detected were C24:0-ceramide, C24:0-monohexosylceramide (GlcCer), and C16:0-lactosylceramide. Plasma concentrations of total ceramide and GlcCer decreased as lactation advanced, and ceramide and GlcCer were elevated in cows fed PALM. Palmitic acid feeding increased hepatic ceramide levels, a response not observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Plasma ceramides (e.g., C24:0-ceramide) were positively correlated with plasma NEFA and milk yield, and positively correlated with NEFA levels following a glucose challenge. Our data demonstrate a remodeled plasma and hepatic sphingolipidome in mid-lactation dairy cows fed PALM. The potential involvement in ceramide in homeorhetic nutrient partitioning to support lactation requires further consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rico
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506
| | - A T Mathews
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506
| | - J Lovett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - N J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - J W McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
The neurotrophin receptor p75 mediates gp120-induced loss of synaptic spines in aging mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:160-8. [PMID: 27498053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and its envelope protein gp120 reduce synaptodendritic complexity. However, the mechanisms contributing to this pathological feature are still not understood. The proneurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes synaptic simplification through the activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Here, we have used gp120 transgenic (gp120tg) mice to investigate whether p75NTR has a role in gp120-mediated neurotoxicity. Old (∼10 months) gp120tg mice exhibited an increase in proneurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus as well as a decrease in the number of dendritic spines when compared to age-matched wild type. These effects were not observed in 3- or 6-month-old mice. To test if the reduction in spine density and morphology is caused by the activation of p75NTR, we crossed gp120tg mice with p75NTR null mice. We found that deletion of only 1 copy of the p75NTR gene in gp120tg mice is sufficient to normalize the number of hippocampal spines, strongly suggesting that the neurotoxic effect of gp120 is mediated by p75NTR. These data indicate that p75NTR antagonists could provide an adjunct therapy against synaptic simplification caused by human immunodeficiency virus 1.
Collapse
|
82
|
Gonzalez CE, Venkatraman VK, An Y, Landman BA, Davatzikos C, Ratnam Bandaru VV, Haughey NJ, Ferrucci L, Mielke MM, Resnick SM. Peripheral sphingolipids are associated with variation in white matter microstructure in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:156-63. [PMID: 27255825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids serve important structural and functional roles in cellular membranes and myelin sheaths. Plasma sphingolipids have been shown to predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between plasma sphingolipid levels and brain white matter (WM) microstructure has not been examined. We investigated whether plasma sphingolipids (ceramides and sphingomyelins) were associated with magnetic resonance imaging-based diffusion measures, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity, 10.5 years later in 17 WM regions of 150 cognitively normal adults (mean age 67.2). Elevated ceramide species (C20:0, C22:0, C22:1, and C24:1) were associated with lower FA in multiple WM regions, including total cerebral WM, anterior corona radiata, and the cingulum of the cingulate gyrus. Higher sphingomyelins (C18:1 and C20:1) were associated with lower FA in regions such as the anterior corona radiata and body of the corpus callosum. Furthermore, lower sphingomyelin to ceramide ratios (C22:0, C24:0, and C24:1) were associated with lower FA or higher mean diffusivity in regions including the superior and posterior corona radiata. However, although these associations were significant at the a priori p < 0.05, only associations with some regional diffusion measures for ceramide C22:0 and sphingomyelin C18:1 survived correction for multiple comparisons. These findings suggest plasma sphingolipids are associated with variation in WM microstructure in cognitively normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vijay K Venkatraman
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Institute of Imaging Science and Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Defining the roles for Vpr in HIV-1-associated neuropathogenesis. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:403-15. [PMID: 27056720 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) has a unique role in neuropathogenesis. Its ability to induce G2/M arrest coupled with its capacity to increase viral gene transcription gives it a unique role in sustaining viral replication and aiding in the establishment and maintenance of a systemic infection. The requirement of Vpr for HIV-1 infection and replication in cells of monocytic origin (a key lineage of cells involved in HIV-1 neuroinvasion) suggests an important role in establishing and sustaining infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Contributions of Vpr to neuropathogenesis can be expanded further through (i) naturally occurring HIV-1 sequence variation that results in functionally divergent Vpr variants; (ii) the dual activities of Vpr as a intracellular protein delivered and expressed during HIV-1 infection and as an extracellular protein that can act on neighboring, uninfected cells; (iii) cell type-dependent consequences of Vpr expression and exposure, including cell cycle arrest, metabolic dysregulation, and cytotoxicity; and (iv) the effects of Vpr on exosome-based intercellular communication in the CNS. Revealing that the effects of this pleiotropic viral protein is an essential part of a greater understanding of HIV-1-associated pathogenesis and potential approaches to treating and preventing disease caused by HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
|
84
|
Saylor D, Dickens AM, Sacktor N, Haughey N, Slusher B, Pletnikov M, Mankowski JL, Brown A, Volsky DJ, McArthur JC. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder--pathogenesis and prospects for treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:234-48. [PMID: 26965674 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, several advancements have improved the care of HIV-infected individuals. Most importantly, the development and deployment of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) has resulted in a dramatic decline in the rate of deaths from AIDS, so that people living with HIV today have nearly normal life expectancies if treated with CART. The term HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has been used to describe the spectrum of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with HIV infection. HIV can enter the CNS during early stages of infection, and persistent CNS HIV infection and inflammation probably contribute to the development of HAND. The brain can subsequently serve as a sanctuary for ongoing HIV replication, even when systemic viral suppression has been achieved. HAND can remain in patients treated with CART, and its effects on survival, quality of life and everyday functioning make it an important unresolved issue. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology of HAND, the evolving concepts of its neuropathogenesis, novel insights from animal models, and new approaches to treatment. We also discuss how inflammation is sustained in chronic HIV infection. Moreover, we suggest that adjunctive therapies--treatments targeting CNS inflammation and other metabolic processes, including glutamate homeostasis, lipid and energy metabolism--are needed to reverse or improve HAND-related neurological dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Saylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Alex M Dickens
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Ned Sacktor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Barbara Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Mikhail Pletnikov
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Amanda Brown
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Justin C McArthur
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 6113, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Mok HJ, Shin H, Lee JW, Lee GK, Suh CS, Kim KP, Lim HJ. Age-Associated Lipidome Changes in Metaphase II Mouse Oocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148577. [PMID: 26881843 PMCID: PMC4755615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of mammalian oocytes declines with age, which negatively affects fertilization and developmental potential. The aging process often accompanies damages to macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. To investigate if aged oocytes display an altered lipidome compared to young oocytes, we performed a global lipidomic analysis between oocytes from 4-week-old and 42 to 50-week-old mice. Increased oxidative stress is often considered as one of the main causes of cellular aging. Thus, we set up a group of 4-week-old oocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a commonly used oxidative stressor, to compare if similar lipid species are altered between aged and oxidative-stressed oocytes. Between young and aged oocytes, we identified 26 decreased and 6 increased lipids in aged oocytes; and between young and H2O2-treated oocytes, we identified 35 decreased and 26 increased lipids in H2O2-treated oocytes. The decreased lipid species in these two comparisons were overlapped, whereas the increased lipid species were distinct. Multiple phospholipid classes, phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) significantly decreased both in H2O2-treated and aged oocytes, suggesting that the integrity of plasma membrane is similarly affected under these conditions. In contrast, a dramatic increase in diacylglycerol (DG) was only noted in H2O2-treated oocytes, indicating that the acute effect of H2O2-caused oxidative stress is distinct from aging-associated lipidome alteration. In H2O2-treated oocytes, the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 increased along with increases in phosphatidylcholine. Overall, our data reveal that several classes of phospholipids are affected in aged oocytes, suggesting that the integrity of plasma membrane is associated with maintaining fertilization and developmental potential of mouse oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Jun Mok
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyejin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Geun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Suk Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (PKP); (HJL)
| | - Hyunjung Jade Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (PKP); (HJL)
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Rico JE, Bandaru VVR, Dorskind JM, Haughey NJ, McFadden JW. Plasma ceramides are elevated in overweight Holstein dairy cows experiencing greater lipolysis and insulin resistance during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7757-70. [PMID: 26342987 PMCID: PMC6075710 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a homeorhetic adaptation to parturition in dairy cows transitioning from late pregnancy to early lactation. An increase in prepartum adiposity can predispose periparturient cows to greater lipolysis and insulin resistance, thus increasing the risk for metabolic disease. Mechanisms mediating the development of insulin resistance in overweight peripartal dairy cows may depend on ceramide metabolism. The sphingolipid ceramide accumulates in plasma and tissues of overweight monogastric animals, and facilitates saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Considering this evidence, we hypothesized that plasma ceramides would be elevated in periparturient dairy cattle and that these sphingolipids would correlate with the magnitude of lipolysis and insulin resistance. To test our central hypothesis, multiparous Holstein cows were allocated into 2 groups according to their body condition score (BCS) at d -30 prepartum: lean (BCS <3.0; n=10) or overweight (BCS >4.0; n=11). Blood samples were collected at d -45, -30, -15, and -7, relative to expected parturition, and at d 4 postpartum. Plasma glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were measured, and insulin sensitivity was estimated. The concentrations of individual plasma ceramide and glycosylated ceramide were determined using liquid chromatography-based mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that greater adiposity was associated with a greater loss in body condition during late pregnancy. Overweight cows had greater circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, and NEFA, and lower insulin sensitivity relative to lean cows. We detected 30 different sphingolipids across 6 lipid classes with acyl chains ranging from 16 to 26 carbons. The most abundant plasma sphingolipids detected were C24:0-ceramide, C24:0-monohexosylceramide, and C16:0-lactosylceramide. Plasma concentrations of total ceramide and monohexosylceramide increased as lactation approached, and saturated ceramide and monohexosylceramide were elevated in cows with greater adiposity relative to those with a lean phenotype. Plasma ceramides (e.g., C24:0-ceramide) were positively correlated with plasma NEFA and inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity. Our data demonstrate a remodeled plasma sphingolipidome in dairy cows transitioning from late pregnancy to lactation characterized by a concomitant increase in plasma ceramides with the development of peripartal insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rico
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - V V R Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - J M Dorskind
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - N J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - J W McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Jensen BK, Monnerie H, Mannell MV, Gannon PJ, Espinoza CA, Erickson MA, Bruce-Keller AJ, Gelman BB, Briand LA, Pierce RC, Jordan-Sciutto KL, Grinspan JB. Altered Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelin Maintenance: The Role of Antiretrovirals in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:1093-118. [PMID: 26469251 PMCID: PMC4608376 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective viral suppression through combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), approximately half of HIV-positive individuals have HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Studies of antiretroviral-treated patients have revealed persistent white matter abnormalities including diffuse myelin pallor, diminished white matter tracts, and decreased myelin protein mRNAs. Loss of myelin can contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction because the myelin membrane generated by oligodendrocytes is essential for rapid signal transduction and axonal maintenance. We hypothesized that myelin changes in HAND are partly due to effects of antiretroviral drugs on oligodendrocyte survival and/or maturation. We showed that primary mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cell cultures treated with therapeutic concentrations of HIV protease inhibitors ritonavir or lopinavir displayed dose-dependent decreases in oligodendrocyte maturation; however, this effect was rapidly reversed after drug removal. Conversely, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine had no effect. Furthermore, in vivo ritonavir administration to adult mice reduced frontal cortex myelin protein levels. Finally, prefrontal cortex tissue from HIV-positive individuals with HAND on cART showed a significant decrease in myelin basic protein compared with untreated HIV-positive individuals with HAND or HIV-negative controls. These findings demonstrate that antiretrovirals can impact myelin integrity and have implications for myelination in juvenile HIV patients and myelin maintenance in adults on lifelong therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigid K. Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hubert Monnerie
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maggie V. Mannell
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J. Gannon
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cagla Akay Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle A. Erickson
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lisa A. Briand
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith B. Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Mediouni S, Marcondes MCG, Miller C, McLaughlin JP, Valente ST. The cross-talk of HIV-1 Tat and methamphetamine in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1164. [PMID: 26557111 PMCID: PMC4615951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the lives of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals. Nonetheless, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which range from undetectable neurocognitive impairments to severe dementia, still affect approximately 50% of the infected population, hampering their quality of life. The persistence of HAND is promoted by several factors, including longer life expectancies, the residual levels of virus in the central nervous system (CNS) and the continued presence of HIV-1 regulatory proteins such as the transactivator of transcription (Tat) in the brain. Tat is a secreted viral protein that crosses the blood–brain barrier into the CNS, where it has the ability to directly act on neurons and non-neuronal cells alike. These actions result in the release of soluble factors involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, ultimately resulting in neuronal damage. The percentage of methamphetamine (MA) abusers is high among the HIV-1-positive population compared to the general population. On the other hand, MA abuse is correlated with increased viral replication, enhanced Tat-mediated neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairments. Although several strategies have been investigated to reduce HAND and MA use, no clinically approved treatment is currently available. Here, we review the latest findings of the effects of Tat and MA in HAND and discuss a few promising potential therapeutic developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mediouni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Courtney Miller
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susana T Valente
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Peterlin BL, Mielke MM, Dickens AM, Chatterjee S, Dash P, Alexander G, Vieira RVA, Bandaru VVR, Dorskind JM, Tietjen GE, Haughey NH. Interictal, circulating sphingolipids in women with episodic migraine: A case-control study. Neurology 2015; 85:1214-23. [PMID: 26354990 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate interictal, circulating sphingolipids in women migraineurs. METHODS In the fasting state, serum samples were obtained pain-free from 88 women with episodic migraine (EM; n=52) and from controls (n=36). Sphingolipids were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between serum sphingolipids and EM odds. A recursive partitioning decision tree based on the serum concentrations of 10 sphingolipids was used to determine the presence or absence of EM in a subset of participants. RESULTS Total ceramide (EM 6,502.9 ng/mL vs controls 10,518.5 ng/mL; p<0.0001) and dihydroceramide (EM 39.3 ng/mL vs controls 63.1 ng/mL; p<0.0001) levels were decreased in those with EM as compared with controls. Using multivariate logistic regression, each SD increase in total ceramide (odds ratio [OR] 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.22; p<0.001) and total dihydroceramide (OR 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.21; p<0.001) levels was associated with more than 92% reduced odds of migraine. Although crude sphingomyelin levels were not different in EM compared with controls, after adjustments, every SD increase in the sphingomyelin species C18:0 (OR 4.28; 95% CI: 1.87, 9.81; p=0.001) and C18:1 (OR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.54; p=0.001) was associated with an increased odds of migraine. Recursive portioning models correctly classified 14 of 14 randomly selected participants as EM or control. CONCLUSION These results suggest that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in women with EM and that serum sphingolipid panels may have potential to differentiate EM presence or absence. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that serum sphingolipid panels accurately distinguish women with migraine from women without migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lee Peterlin
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH.
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Alex M Dickens
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Subroto Chatterjee
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Paul Dash
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Guillermo Alexander
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Rebeca V A Vieira
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Veera Venkata Ratnam Bandaru
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Joelle M Dorskind
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Gretchen E Tietjen
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Norman H Haughey
- From the Department of Neurology (B.L.P., A.M.D., R.V.A.V., V.V.R.B., J.M.D., N.H.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Lipid Research Atherosclerosis Unit (S.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (N.H.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M.M.), Division of Epidemiology, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (P.D.), Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychology (R.V.A.V.), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (G.E.T.), University of Toledo, OH
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Passeri E, Mocchetti I, Moussa C. Is human immunodeficiency virus-mediated dementia an autophagic defect that leads to neurodegeneration? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2015; 13:1571-9. [PMID: 25106633 DOI: 10.2174/1871527313666140806125841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that mediates selective degradation of cellular components in lysosomes. Autophagy may protect against neuronal apoptosis, which is induced in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, compounds that modulate autophagy could be beneficial to treat neurological disorders characterized by apoptosis such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as human-immunodeficiency virus-dementia complex. In this paper, we review new and old evidence on the role of autophagy in neuronal cell survival and we present evidence that humanimmunodeficiency virus may have adapted strategies to alter autophagic pathways in neurons. Moreover, we discuss the usefulness of drugs that facilitate autophagic clearance of proteins that are associated with neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charbel Moussa
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, NRB WP13, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Figuera-Losada M, Stathis M, Dorskind JM, Thomas AG, Bandaru VVR, Yoo SW, Westwood NJ, Rogers GW, McArthur JC, Haughey NJ, Slusher BS, Rojas C. Cambinol, a novel inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 shows neuroprotective properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124481. [PMID: 26010541 PMCID: PMC4444023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive lipid that plays an important role in stress responses leading to apoptosis, cell growth arrest and differentiation. Ceramide production is due in part to sphingomyelin hydrolysis by sphingomyelinases. In brain, neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is expressed in neurons and increases in its activity and expression have been associated with pro-inflammatory conditions observed in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) patients. Increased nSMase2 activity translates into higher ceramide levels and neuronal cell death, which can be prevented by chemical or genetic inhibition of nSMase2 activity or expression. However, to date, there are no soluble, specific and potent small molecule inhibitor tool compounds for in vivo studies or as a starting point for medicinal chemistry optimization. Moreover, the majority of the known inhibitors were identified using bacterial, bovine or rat nSMase2. In an attempt to identify new inhibitor scaffolds, two activity assays were optimized as screening platform using the recombinant human enzyme. First, active hits were identified using a fluorescence-based high throughput compatible assay. Then, hits were confirmed using a 14C sphingomyelin-based direct activity assay. Pharmacologically active compounds and approved drugs were screened using this strategy which led to the identification of cambinol as a novel uncompetitive nSMase2 inhibitor (Ki = 7 μM). The inhibitory activity of cambinol for nSMase2 was approximately 10-fold more potent than for its previously known target, silence information regulator 1 and 2 (SIRT1/2). Cambinol decreased tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1 β-induced increases of ceramide and cell death in primary neurons. A preliminary study of cambinol structure and activity allowed the identification of the main structural features required for nSMase2 inhibition. Cambinol and its analogs may be useful as nSMase2 inhibitor tool compounds to prevent ceramide-dependent neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Figuera-Losada
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marigo Stathis
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joelle M. Dorskind
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajit G. Thomas
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Veera Venkata Ratnam Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, University of Saint Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, Saint Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme W. Rogers
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, University of Saint Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, Saint Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Justin C. McArthur
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJH); (BSS); (CR)
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJH); (BSS); (CR)
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Brain Science Institute Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJH); (BSS); (CR)
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Sphingosin-1-phosphate Receptor 1: a Potential Target to Inhibit Neuroinflammation and Restore the Sphingosin-1-phosphate Metabolism. Can J Neurol Sci 2015; 42:195-202. [PMID: 25860537 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that an extreme shift may occur in sphingosine metabolism in neuroinflammatory contexts. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) regulate the level of S1P. We recently found that FTY720, a S1P analogue, and SEW2871, a selective S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist, provide protection against neural damage and memory deficit in amyloid beta (Aβ)-injected animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these two analogues on the expression of SMEs as well as their anti-inflammatory roles. METHODS Rats were treated with intracerebral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Aβ. Memory impairment was assessed by Morris water maze and the effects of drugs on SMEs as well as inflammatory markers, TNF- α and COX-II, were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS Aβ and LPS differentially altered the expression profile of SMEs. In Aβ-injected animals, FTY720 and SEW2871 treatments exerted anti-inflammatory effects and restored the expression profile of SMEs, in parallel to our previous findings. In LPS animals however, in spite of anti-inflammatory effects of the two analogues, only FTY720 restored the levels of SMEs and prevented memory deficit. CONCLUSION The observed ameliorating effects of FTY720 and SEW7821 can be partly attributed to the interruption of the vicious cycle of abnormal S1P metabolism and neuro-inflammation. The close imitation of the FTY720 effects by SW2871 in Aβ-induced neuro-inflammation may highlight the attractive role of S1P1 as a potential target to restore S1P metabolism and inhibit inflammatory processes.
Collapse
|
93
|
Ambegaokar SS, Kolson DL. Heme oxygenase-1 dysregulation in the brain: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:174-88. [PMID: 24862327 PMCID: PMC4155834 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that subserves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast, we have found that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decreased, likely reflecting a unique role for HO-1 deficiency in neurodegeneration pathways activated by HIV infection. We have also shown that HO-1 expression is significantly suppressed by HIV replication in cultured macrophages which represent the primary cellular reservoir for HIV in the brain. HO-1 deficiency is associated with release of neurotoxic levels of glutamate from both HIV-infected and immune-activated macrophages; this glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suppressed by pharmacological induction of HO-1 expression in the macrophages. Thus, HO-1 induction could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection against HIV infection and other neuroinflammatory brain diseases. Here, we review various stimuli and signaling pathways regulating HO-1 expression in macrophages, which could promote neuronal survival through HO-1-modulation of endogenous antioxidant and immune modulatory pathways, thus limiting the oxidative stress that can promote HIV disease progression in the CNS. The use of pharmacological inducers of endogenous HO-1 expression as potential adjunctive neuroprotective therapeutics in HIV infection is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis L Kolson
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 280 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Mielke MM, Bandaru VVR, Han D, An Y, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Haughey NJ. Factors affecting longitudinal trajectories of plasma sphingomyelins: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:112-21. [PMID: 25345489 PMCID: PMC4310757 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin metabolism has been linked to several diseases and to longevity. However, few epidemiological studies have quantified individual plasma sphingomyelin species (identified by acyl-chain length and saturation) or their relationship between demographic factors and disease processes. In this study, we determined plasma concentrations of distinct sphingomyelin species in 992 individuals, aged 55 and older, enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Participants were followed, with serial measures, up to 6 visits and 38 years (3972 total samples). Quantitative analyses were performed on a high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer. Linear mixed models were used to assess variation in specific sphingomyelin species and associations with demographics, diseases, medications or lifestyle factors, and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. We found that most sphingomyelin species increased with age. Women had higher plasma levels of all sphingomyelin species and showed steeper trajectories of age-related increases compared to men. African Americans also showed higher circulating sphingomyelin concentrations compared to Caucasians. Diabetes, smoking, and plasma triglycerides were associated with lower levels of many sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins. Notably, these associations showed specificity to sphingomyelin acyl-chain length and saturation. These results demonstrate that longitudinal changes in circulating sphingomyelin levels are influenced by age, sex, race, lifestyle factors, and diseases. It will be important to further establish the intra-individual age- and sex-specific changes in each sphingomyelin species in relation to disease onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Health Science Research and Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Dingfen Han
- Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Yang An
- Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
McFadden JW, Aja S, Li Q, Bandaru VVR, Kim EK, Haughey NJ, Kuhajda FP, Ronnett GV. Increasing fatty acid oxidation remodels the hypothalamic neurometabolome to mitigate stress and inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115642. [PMID: 25541737 PMCID: PMC4277346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of hypothalamic fatty acid (FA) metabolism can improve energy homeostasis and prevent hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) from a diet high in saturated fatty acids. We have shown previously that C75, a stimulator of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) and fatty acid oxidation (FAOx), exerts at least some of its hypophagic effects via neuronal mechanisms in the hypothalamus. In the present work, we characterized the effects of C75 and another anorexigenic compound, the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) inhibitor FSG67, on FA metabolism, metabolomics profiles, and metabolic stress responses in cultured hypothalamic neurons and hypothalamic neuronal cell lines during lipid excess with palmitate. Both compounds enhanced palmitate oxidation, increased ATP, and inactivated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hypothalamic neurons in vitro. Lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics revealed that enhanced catabolism of FA decreased palmitate availability and prevented the production of fatty acylglycerols, ceramides, and cholesterol esters, lipids that are associated with lipotoxicity-provoked metabolic stress. This improved metabolic signature was accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and yet favorable changes in oxidative stress, overt ER stress, and inflammation. We propose that enhancing FAOx in hypothalamic neurons exposed to excess lipids promotes metabolic remodeling that reduces local inflammatory and cell stress responses. This shift would restore mitochondrial function such that increased FAOx can produce hypothalamic neuronal ATP and lead to decreased food intake and body weight to improve systemic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. McFadden
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Qun Li
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Veera V. R. Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francis P. Kuhajda
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriele V. Ronnett
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy extends the lifespan of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but many survivors develop premature impairments in cognition. These residual cognitive impairments may involve aberrant deposition of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ). By unknown mechanisms, Aβ accumulates in the lysosomal and autophagic compartments of neurons in the HIV-infected brain. Here we identify the molecular events evoked by the HIV coat protein gp120 that facilitate the intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ. We created a triple transgenic gp120/APP/PS1 mouse that recapitulates intraneuronal deposition of Aβ in a manner reminiscent of the HIV-infected brain. In cultured neurons, we found that the HIV coat protein gp120 increased the transcriptional expression of BACE1 through repression of PPARγ, and increased APP expression by promoting interaction of the translation-activating RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C with APP mRNA. APP and BACE1 were colocalized into stabilized membrane microdomains, where the β-cleavage of APP and Aβ formation were enhanced. Aβ-peptides became localized to lysosomes that were engorged with sphingomyelin and calcium. Stimulating calcium efflux from lysosomes with a TRPM1 agonist promoted calcium efflux, luminal acidification, and cleared both sphingomyelin and Aβ from lysosomes. These findings suggest that therapeutics targeted to reduce lysosomal pH in neurodegenerative conditions may protect neurons by facilitating the clearance of accumulated sphingolipids and Aβ-peptides.
Collapse
|
97
|
Role of Oxidative Stress in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder and Protection by Gene Delivery of Antioxidant Enzymes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:770-97. [PMID: 26785240 PMCID: PMC4665507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV encephalopathy covers a range of HIV-1-related brain dysfunction. In the Central Nervous System (CNS), it is largely impervious to Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART). As survival with chronic HIV-1 infection improves, the number of people harboring the virus in their CNS increases. Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory changes may continue despite the use of HAART. Neurons themselves are rarely infected by HIV-1, but HIV-1 infects resident microglia, periventricular macrophages, leading to increased production of cytokines and to release of HIV-1 proteins, the most likely neurotoxins, among which are the envelope glycoprotein gp120 and HIV-1 trans-acting protein Tat. Gp120 and Tat induce oxidative stress in the brain, leading to neuronal apoptosis/death. We review here the role of oxidative stress in animal models of HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) and in patients with HAND. Different therapeutic approaches, including clinical trials, have been used to mitigate oxidative stress in HAND. We used SV40 vectors for gene delivery of antioxidant enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), or glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) into the rat caudate putamen (CP). Intracerebral injection of SV (SOD1) or SV (GPx1) protects neurons from apoptosis caused by subsequent inoculation of gp120 and Tat at the same location. Vector administration into the lateral ventricle or cisterna magna protects from intra-CP gp120-induced neurotoxicity comparably to intra-CP vector administration. These models should provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 in the brain as well as offer new therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
|
98
|
Sacktor N, Miyahara S, Evans S, Schifitto G, Cohen B, Haughey N, Drewes JL, Graham D, Zink MC, Anderson C, Nath A, Pardo CA, McCarthy S, Hosey L, Clifford D. Impact of minocycline on cerebrospinal fluid markers of oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and inflammation in HIV-seropositive individuals with cognitive impairment. J Neurovirol 2014; 20:620-6. [PMID: 25377444 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of markers of oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and inflammation and decreased neurotransmitter levels have been reported in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Minocycline may have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide, a compound that induces oxygen free radical production. In A5235, "Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study of Minocycline in the Treatment of HIV-Associated Cognitive Impairment," minocycline was not associated with cognitive improvement, but the effect on the above CSF measures was not examined previously. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of minocycline on markers of oxidative stress, neuronal injury, neurotransmitter levels, and inflammation from CSF in participants in A5235. One hundred seven HIV+ individuals received either minocycline 100 mg or placebo orally every 12 h for 24 weeks. Twenty-one HIV+ individuals received the optional lumbar punctures. Lipid and protein markers of oxidative stress (e.g., ceramides and protein carbonyls), glutamate, neurotransmitter precursors, kynurenine metabolites, neurofilament heavy chain, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the CSF before and after treatment. The 24-week change in ceramides was larger in a beneficial direction in the minocycline group compared to the placebo group. The two groups did not differ in the 24-week changes for other markers.These results suggest that minocycline may decrease lipid markers of oxidative stress (ceramides) in individuals with HAND; however, an effect of minocycline on other CSF markers was not observed. A larger sample size is needed to further validate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ned Sacktor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Mielke MM, Haughey NJ, Bandaru VVR, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Andreasson U, Johnson SC, Gleason CE, Blazel HM, Puglielli L, Sager MA, Asthana S, Carlsson CM. Cerebrospinal fluid sphingolipids, β-amyloid, and tau in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2486-2494. [PMID: 24952994 PMCID: PMC4170854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular studies suggest sphingolipids may cause or accelerate amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau pathology but in vivo human studies are lacking. We determined cerebrospinal fluid levels of sphingolipids (ceramides and sphingomyelins), amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42, AβX-38, AβX-40, and AβX-42) and tau (T-tau and p-tau181) in 91 cognitively normal individuals, aged 36-69 years, with a parental history of Alzheimer's disease. The 18-carbon acyl chain length ceramide species was associated with AβX-38 (r = 0.312, p = 0.003), AβX-40 (r = 0.327, p = 0.002), and T-tau (r = 0.313, p = 0.003) but not with AβX-42 (r = 0.171, p = 0.106) or p-tau (r = 0.086, p = 0.418). All sphingomyelin species correlated (most p < 0.001) with all Aβ species and T-tau; many also correlated with p-tau. Results remained in regression models after controlling for age and APOE genotype. These results suggest in vivo relationships between cerebrospinal fluid ceramides and sphingomyelins and Aβ and tau levels in cognitively normal individuals at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease, indicating these sphingolipids may be associated with early pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veera V R Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Madison VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Madison VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hanna M Blazel
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Madison VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Madison VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Madison VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Malik N, Efthymiou AG, Mather K, Chester N, Wang X, Nath A, Rao MS, Steiner JP. Compounds with species and cell type specific toxicity identified in a 2000 compound drug screen of neural stem cells and rat mixed cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:192-200. [PMID: 25454721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human primary neural tissue is a vital component for the quick and simple determination of chemical compound neurotoxicity in vitro. In particular, such tissue would be ideal for high-throughput screens that can be used to identify novel neurotoxic or neurotherapeutic compounds. We have previously established a high-throughput screening platform using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons. In this study, we conducted a 2000 compound screen with human NSCs and rat cortical cells to identify compounds that are selectively toxic to each group. Approximately 100 of the tested compounds showed specific toxicity to human NSCs. A secondary screen of a small subset of compounds from the primary screen on human iPSCs, NSC-derived neurons, and fetal astrocytes validated the results from >80% of these compounds with some showing cell specific toxicity. Amongst those compounds were several cardiac glycosides, all of which were selectively toxic to the human cells. As the screen was able to reliably identify neurotoxicants, many with species and cell-type specificity, this study demonstrates the feasibility of this NSC-driven platform for higher-throughput neurotoxicity screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Malik
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States.
| | - Anastasia G Efthymiou
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Karly Mather
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Nathaniel Chester
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Xiantao Wang
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States; National Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Joseph P Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, United States
| |
Collapse
|