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Chen H, Zhang X, Liu L, Cai M, Guo Z, Qiu L. Application of red clover isoflavone extract as an adjuvant in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1175-1182. [PMID: 32010286 PMCID: PMC6966154 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the safety of red clover isoflavone extract (RCIE) and its potential adjuvant effects on the cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) were evaluated using an ICR mouse model. On day 1, the mice were first subcutaneously immunized with 100 µg OVA, 100 µg OVA + 200 µg aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) or OVA + 50, 100 or 200 µg RCIE (RCIE + OVA), following which booster immunization was performed on day 15. After 2 weeks, the stimulation of splenocyte proliferation and levels of serum antibodies were measured. No notable stress responses were observed after the initial and booster immunization. Splenocyte proliferation was significantly increased in mice immunized with OVA + 100 µg RCIE (P<0.01). The levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in serum were also significantly increased in OVA + RCIE groups compared with the OVA control group (P<0.05). In the OVA + RCIE groups, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 were increased, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, T-bet and GATA-3 were also significantly increased compared with the OVA control group (P<0.05) in splenocytes. In addition, as an adjuvant, RCIE significantly increased the survival rates of mice inoculated with an E. coli vaccine and enhanced the early immune protection against pathogenic E. coli. In conclusion, these findings suggest that RCIE can be used as a safe vaccine adjuvant and supports its use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Longsi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Mingqin Cai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
| | - Longxin Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for The Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, P.R. China
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52
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Short KK, Miller SM, Walsh L, Cybulski V, Bazin H, Evans JT, Burkhart D. Co-encapsulation of synthetic lipidated TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists in the liposomal bilayer results in a rapid, synergistic enhancement of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity. J Control Release 2019; 315:186-196. [PMID: 31654684 PMCID: PMC6980726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To increase vaccine immunogenicity, modern vaccines incorporate adjuvants, which serve to enhance immune cross-protection, improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and promote antigen dose sparing. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are promising targets for development of agonist formulations for use as vaccine adjuvants. Combinations of co-delivered TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands have been demonstrated to have synergistic effects on innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we create liposomes that stably co-encapsulate CRX-601, a synthetic TLR4 agonist, and UM-3004, a lipidated TLR7/8 agonist, within the liposomal bilayer in order to achieve co-delivery, allow tunable physical properties, and induce in vitro and in vivo immune synergy. Co-encapsulation demonstrates a synergistic increase in IL-12p70 cytokine output in vitro from treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Further, co-encapsulated formulations give significant improvement of early IgG2a antibody titers in BALB/c mice following primary vaccination when compared to single agonist or dual agonists delivered in separate liposomes. This work demonstrates that co-encapsulation of TLR4 and lipidated TLR7/8 agonists within the liposomal bilayer leads to innate and adaptive immune synergy which biases a Th1 immune response. Thus, liposomal co-encapsulation may be a useful and flexible tool for vaccine adjuvant formulation containing multiple TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher K Short
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lois Walsh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Hélène Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - David Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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53
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Feng Q, Manabe Y, Kabayama K, Aiga T, Miyamoto A, Ohshima S, Kametani Y, Fukase K. Syntheses and Functional Studies of Self‐Adjuvanting Anti‐HER2 Cancer Vaccines. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4268-4273. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and EducationProject Research Center for Fundamental SciencesOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and EducationProject Research Center for Fundamental SciencesOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Taku Aiga
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Asuka Miyamoto
- School of MedicineTokai University Isehara Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Shino Ohshima
- School of MedicineTokai University Isehara Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- School of MedicineTokai University Isehara Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and EducationProject Research Center for Fundamental SciencesOsaka University Machikaneyama 1-1 Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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54
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Potential of recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae expressing HIV-1 Gag as a prime vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15515. [PMID: 31664100 PMCID: PMC6820866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Mycobacterium strains such as recombinant BCG (rBCG) have received considerable attention for the HIV-1 vaccine development. Recently, we described a temperature-sensitive Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg) strain as a novel live tuberculosis vaccine that is safer and showed an enhanced protective effect against mycobacterial infection compared to BCG. We studied the possibility of developing a vaccine against HIV-1 infection using rMpg strain expressing the p24 antigen (rMpg-p24). We observed that rMpg-p24 can induce an increased p24 expression in infected antigen presenting cells (APCs) compared to rBCG-p24. We also observed that rMpg-p24 can induce enhanced p24 specific immune responses in vaccinated mice as evidenced by increased p24-specific T lymphocyte proliferation, gamma interferon induction, antibody production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Furthermore, an rMpg-p24 prime and plasmid DNA boost showed an increased CTL response and antibody production compared to rBCG or rMpg alone. In summary, our study indicates that a live rMpg-p24 strain induced enhanced immune responses against HIV-1 Gag in vaccinated mice. Thus, rMpg-p24 may have potential as a preventive prime vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost regimen for HIV-1 infection.
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55
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Mathew MK, Virmani N, Bera BC, Anand T, Kumar R, Balena V, Sansanwal R, Pavulraj S, Sundaram K, Virmani M, Tripathi BN. Protective efficacy of inactivated reverse genetics based equine influenza vaccine candidate adjuvanted with Montanide TM Pet Gel in murine model. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1753-1762. [PMID: 31656240 PMCID: PMC6943333 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine influenza is a leading cause for respiratory illness in equines. Major control
measures involve vaccination which requires continuous harmonization owing to antigenic
drift. The present study focused on assessing the protective efficacy of an inactivated
recombinant equine influenza virus (rgEIV) vaccine candidate adjuvanted with
MontanideTM Pet Gel in murine model. The rgEIV was generated using reverse
genetics by incorporating HA and NA segments from EIV/H3N8, clade 2-Florida sublineage in
an A/WSN/33 /H1N1 backbone and inactivated by formalin. The vaccine was
prepared by mixing inactivated rgEIV with MontanideTM Pet Gel adjuvant followed
by intranasal inoculation into BALB/c mice intranasally. The immune responses and
protective efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by measurement of antibody titer,
immunoglobulin subtyping, cytokines, clinical signs and pathological lesions after
immunization and challenge with wild EIV. Serology and cytokine expression pattern
indicated that the vaccine activated mixed Th1- and Th2-like responses of vaccine. Booster
immunization stimulated strong antibody responses (HAI titre: 192 ± 28.6) at 42 days post
immunization and the predominant antibody subtype was IgG1. Upregulation of interferon
(IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-12 and
IL-2 levels indicates effective induction of Th1 type response. We
found that vaccination has protected mice against equine influenza virus challenge as
adjudged through a lack of nonappearance of visible clinical signs of disease, no loss of
body weight loss, reduced pathology in the lungs and markedly reduced virus shedding from
the respiratory tract. Therefore, we conclude that recombinant EIV vaccine candidate
adjuvanted with MontanideTM Pet Gel could aid in quick harmonization of the
vaccines through replacement of HA and NA genes for control of EIV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kurian Mathew
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Virmani
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Bera
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 Haryana, India
| | | | - Rekha Sansanwal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Selvaraj Pavulraj
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Karthik Sundaram
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Virmani
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 Haryana, India
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56
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Mosley YYC, Radder JE, HogenEsch H. Genetic Variation in the Magnitude and Longevity of the IgG Subclass Response to a Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccine in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E124. [PMID: 31547158 PMCID: PMC6963843 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The type of IgG subclasses induced by vaccination is an important determinant of vaccine efficacy because the IgG subclasses vary in their biological function. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of the genetic background on the production and duration of vaccine-induced IgG subclasses. IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 titers against diphtheria toxoid (DT), pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (Prn) were measured in mice from 28 different inbred and wild-derived strains vaccinated with an aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted DTaP vaccine. The titers and duration of vaccine-specific IgG subclass responses were different among mouse strains, indicating that genetic factors contribute to this variation. Statistical associations were used to identify potential mechanisms that contribute to antibody production and longevity. This analysis showed that the mechanisms guiding the magnitude of antibody production were antigen-dependent for IgG1 but antigen-independent for IgG2b and IgG3. However, the mechanisms driving the longevity of antibody titers were antigen-independent for IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3. The ratio of IgG1 and IgG3 titers identified Th1 and Th2-prone mouse strains. TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ mice had an enhanced IgG1 response compared with C3H/HeOuJ mice with intact TLR4. This work demonstrates that the genetic background contributes significantly to the magnitude and longevity of vaccine-induced IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 titers in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yi C Mosley
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
| | - Josiah E Radder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, Indiana Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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57
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Chen M, Chen X, Song X, Muhammad A, Jia R, Zou Y, Yin L, Li L, He C, Ye G, Lv C, Zhang W, Yin Z. The immune-adjuvant activity and the mechanism of resveratrol on pseudorabies virus vaccine in a mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105876. [PMID: 31499271 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol had shown various properties before, like immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Based on these properties, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of resveratrol as an immune-adjuvant for pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine. We found that oral administration of resveratrol to mice significantly increased the number of T lymphocytes in the spleen, and elevated the concentrations of antibodies and cytokines in the serum. Resveratrol (30 mg/kg) could enhance phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophage (PM) by boosting the percentage of phagocytosis, phagocytic index and the level of lysozyme. Resveratrol also enhanced antigen presentation function of PM by upregulating the expressions of CD86 and MHC-II. Further study revealed that resveratrol could increase the protein levels of TLR4, Ikk, IκBα, NF-κB and JNK when compared with non-adjuvant group. These results provide further insight into the mechanism of action in adjuvant activity of resveratrol, and also offer preclinical evidence for development as a PRV vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangxiu Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Abaidullah Muhammad
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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58
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Pouriayevali MH, Bamdad T, Sadat SM, Sadeghi SA, Sabahi F, Mahdavi M, Aghasadeghi MR. Listeriolysin O immunogenetic adjuvant enhanced potency of hepatitis C virus NS3 DNA vaccine. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1645-1652. [PMID: 31298809 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem all over the world. Among HCV proteins, nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is one of the most promising target for anti-HCV therapy and a candidate for vaccine design. DNA vaccine is an efficient approach to stimulate antigen-specific immunity but the main problem with that is less immunogenic efficiency in comparison with traditional vaccines. Several approaches have been applied to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA. Recently, bacteria-derived substances are considered as one of the most attractive adjuvants for vaccines, which among them, Listeriolysin O (LLO) of Listeria monocytogenes is a toxin with an extremely immunogenic feature. We investigated detoxified form of LLO gene as genetic adjuvant to modulate NS3 DNA vaccine potency. Immunogenic truncated NS3 gene sequence of HCV (1095-1380aa) and detoxified LLO gene region (5-441aa) were amplified by PCR and cloned into the pcDNA3.1 plasmid separately. The expression of recombinant proteins (pc-NS3, pLLO) was confirmed in HEK293T cell line by western blotting. BALB/c mice models received three doses of different formula of plasmids in two-week intervals and two weeks after the final immunization, the immune responses were evaluated by specific total antibody level, lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine levels assays. To evaluate in vivo cytotoxic activity, tumor challenge was performed. The recombinant plasmids were successfully expressed in mammalian cell line, and coadministration of pc-NS3 with pLLO induced the highest titer of total IgG against NS3 antigen compared with other controls. Determination of IgG subclasses confirmed the efficient increase in mixed responses with Th1 dominancy. Furthermore, significant levels of cytokines (p < .05) and lymphocyte proliferation responses (p < .05) indicated the superiority of this regimen. The findings may have important implication for LLO gene application as genetic adjuvant in immune response against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Pouriayevali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taravat Bamdad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Sadeghi
- Department of Research and Development of Hepatitis A vaccine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Alborz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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59
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Nguyen QT, Kwak C, Lee WS, Kim J, Jeong J, Sung MH, Yang J, Poo H. Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Complexed With Alum Induces Cross-Protective Immunity of Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1604. [PMID: 31354739 PMCID: PMC6637289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a good vaccine adjuvant may induce a higher immunogenicity profile of vaccine antigens. Here, we developed a new adjuvant by combining poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) with alum (PGA/Alum) and investigated its ability to enhance the immunogenicity and the cross-reactive efficacy of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccine antigen. PGA/Alum enhanced antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes and antigen-specific immunogenicity in mice using OVA as a model antigen. It also greatly increased OVA-specific antibody production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These abilities of PGA/Alum improved the protective efficacy of pH1N1 vaccine antigen by increasing hemagglutination-inhibition titers, enhancing ADCC and CTL activity, and speeding viral clearance following homologous viral challenge. Importantly, the cross-protective efficacy of pH1N1 vaccine against heterologous viruses [A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2)] was significantly enhanced by PGA/Alum, and cross-reactive ADCC and CTL activities were observed. Together, our results strongly suggest that PGA/Alum may be a promising vaccine adjuvant for preventing influenza and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Thi Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Kwak
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wang Sik Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaemoo Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moon Hee Sung
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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60
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Enhancement of Immune Responses by Guanosine-Based Particles in DNA Plasmid Formulations against Infectious Diseases. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3409371. [PMID: 31240233 PMCID: PMC6556318 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3409371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines can be efficiently improved by adding adjuvants into their formulations. In this regard, the application of nano- and microparticles as vaccines adjuvants, or delivery systems, provides a powerful tool in designing modern vaccines. In the present study, we examined the role of “Supramolecular Hacky Sacks” (SHS) particles, made via the hierarchical self-assembly of a guanosine derivative, as a novel immunomodulator for DNA plasmid preparations. These plasmids code for the proteins HIV-1 Gag (pGag), the wild-type vaccinia virus Western Reserve A27 (pA27L), or a codon-optimized version of the latter (pOD1A27Lopt), which is also linked to the sequence of the outer domain-1 (OD1) from HIV-1 gp120 protein. We evaluated the enhancement of the immune responses generated by our DNA plasmid formulations in a murine model through ELISpot and ELISA assays. The SHS particles increased the frequencies of IFN-γ-producing cells in mice independently immunized with pGag and pA27L plasmids. Moreover, the addition of SHS to pGag and pA27L DNA plasmid formulations enhanced the production of IFN-γ (Th1-type) over IL-4 (Th2-type) cellular immune responses. Furthermore, pGag and pA27L plasmids formulated with SHS, triggered the production of antigen-specific IgG in mice, especially the IgG2a isotype. However, no improvement of either of those adaptive immune responses was observed in mice receiving pOD1A27Lopt+SHS. Here, we demonstrated that SHS particles have the ability to improve both arms of adaptive immunity of plasmid coding “wild-type” antigens without additional strategies to boost their immunogenicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SHS guanosine-based particles as DNA plasmid adjuvants.
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61
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Wang R, Zheng X, Sun J, Feng K, Gao N, Fan D, Chen H, Jin X, An J. Vaccination With a Single Consensus Envelope Protein Ectodomain Sequence Administered in a Heterologous Regimen Induces Tetravalent Immune Responses and Protection Against Dengue Viruses in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1113. [PMID: 31134046 PMCID: PMC6524413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective tetravalent dengue vaccine that elicits protection against all dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is urgently needed. The consensus sequence of the ectodomain of envelope (E) protein of DENV (cE80) has been examined as an immunogen previously. In the current study, a cE80 DNA (D) vaccine was constructed and evaluated in conjunction with the cE80 protein (P) vaccine to examine whether both vaccines used together can further improve the immune responses. The cE80 DNA vaccine was administrated using either a homologous (DNA alone, DDD) or heterologous (DNA prime-protein boost: DDP or DPP) regimen, and evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. Among the three DNA-based immunization regimens tested, DDP immunization is the optimal immunization regimen that elicited the greatest systemic immune response and conferred protection against all four DENV serotypes. This work provides innovative ideas for the development of consensus E-based dengue vaccines and the testing of optimal immunization regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaihao Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Alves-Silva MV, Nico D, de Luca PM, Palatnik de-Sousa CB. The F1F3 Recombinant Chimera of Leishmania donovani-Nucleoside Hydrolase (NH36) and Its Epitopes Induce Cross-Protection Against Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 31024556 PMCID: PMC6465647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (V.) braziliensis is the etiological agent of Cutaneous (CL) and Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) in the New World. CL can be more benign but ML can be severe and disfiguring. Immunity to these diseases include hypersensitivity, an enhanced inflammatory response with strong IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion. Additionally, the production of IL-10 which down modulates the immune response is reduced. The Nucleoside hydrolase (NH36) of Leishmania (L.) donovani is the main antigen of the Leishmune veterinary vaccine and its F3 domain induces a CD4+ T cell-mediated protection against L. (L.) infantum chagasi infection. Prevention of L. (L.) amazonensis infection requires in contrast an additional CD8+ T cell mediated response induced by the F1 domain. Consequently, the F1F3 recombinant chimera, which contains both domains cloned in tandem, optimized the vaccine efficacy against L. (L.) amazonensis mouse infection. We compared the efficacies of NH36, F1, F3, and the FIF3 chimera against L. (V.) braziliensis mouse infection. The F1F3 chimera increased the NH36 specific IgA and response before and after infection and the IgG and IgG3 levels after challenge. It also induced a 49% stronger intradermal response to leishmanial antigen (IDR) than NH36 that was positively correlated to the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 anti-NH36 antibodies. However, stronger Th1 responses with elevated IFN-γ/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were promoted by the F3 and F1 vaccines and detected in infected controls while the F1F3 chimera promoted the highest IL-10 secretion, which reduced the pathological Th1 response, and characterized the induction of a mixed and/or T-cell regulatory response. We identified the epitopes responsible for these immune responses. The F3 vaccine induced the earliest immunity and after challenge, the F1F3 chimera promoted the highest CD4+ and CD8+ cytokine-secreting T cell responses, and the predominant frequencies of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+IL-2+TNF-α+IFN-γ+ T cells. Also as observed against L. (L.) amazonensis infection, the F1F3 chimera showed the strongest reduction of the ear lesions sizes induced by L. (V.) braziliensis. Our results confirm the potential use of the F1F3 chimera in a multi-species cross-protective vaccine against L. (V.) braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Alves-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia e Bioquímica de Leishmania, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dirlei Nico
- Laboratório de Biologia e Bioquímica de Leishmania, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Luca
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarisa B Palatnik de-Sousa
- Laboratório de Biologia e Bioquímica de Leishmania, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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The TLR7 agonist imiquimod selectively inhibits IL-4-induced IgE production by suppressing IgG1/IgE class switching and germline ε transcription through the induction of BCL6 expression in B cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 338:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lu F, Mosley YYC, Carmichael B, Brown DD, HogenEsch H. Formulation of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant with TLR agonists poly(I:C) and CpG enhances the magnitude and avidity of the humoral immune response. Vaccine 2019; 37:1945-1953. [PMID: 30803844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines generally require adjuvants to achieve optimal immune responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising immune potentiators, but rapid diffusion from the injection site reduces their local effective concentration and may cause systemic reactions. In this study, we investigated the potential of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (AH) to adsorb the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and TLR9 agonist CpG and compared the effect of the combination adjuvant on the immune response with either the TLR agonists or AH alone in mice. Poly(I:C) and CpG readily adsorbed onto AH and this combination adjuvant induced a stronger IgG1 and IgG2a immune response with a significant increase of antibody avidity. The combination adjuvant enhanced antigen uptake and activation of dendritic cells in vitro. It induced an inflammatory response at the injection site similar to AH but without eosinophils which are typically observed with AH. A distinctive antigen-containing monocyte/macrophage population with an intermediate level of CD11c expression was identified in the draining lymph nodes after immunization with TLR agonists and the combination adjuvant. Injection of the combination adjuvant did not induce an increase of TNFα and CXCL10 in serum in contrast to the injection of soluble TLR agonists. These results indicate that this combination adjuvant is a promising formulation to solve some of the unmet needs of current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjia Lu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yung-Yi C Mosley
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Brooke Carmichael
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Devonte D Brown
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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65
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Chen Y, Yang F, Yang J, Hou Y, He L, Hu H, Lv F. Aluminum (oxy) Hydroxide Nanorods Activate an Early Immune Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43533-43542. [PMID: 30480997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial vaccines have been widely used to prevent infectious diseases, especially in veterinary medicine. Although there are many reports on bacterin adjuvants, only a few contain innovations in bacterin adjuvants. Taking this into consideration, in this study we designed and synthesized a new aluminum (oxy) hydroxide (AlOOH) nanorod (Al-NR) with a diameter of 200 ± 80 nm and a length of 1.1 ± 0.6 μm. Using whole- Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as antigens, we showed that the bacterial antigens of P. aeruginosa PAO1 adsorbed on the Al-NRs induced a quick and stronger antigen-specific antibody response than those of the other control groups, especially in the early stage of immunization. Furthermore, the level of antigen-specific IgG was approximately 4-fold higher than that of the no adjuvant group and 2.5-fold higher than those of other adjuvant groups in the first week after the initial immunization. The potent adjuvant activity of the Al-NRs was attributed to the rapid presentation of antigen adsorbed on them by APCs. Additionally, Al-NRs induced a milder local inflammation than the other adjuvants. In short, we confirmed that Al-NRs, enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses, are a potentially promising vaccine adjuvant delivery system for inhibiting the whole- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Chen
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Leilei He
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong 637000 , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Lv
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
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Wang S, Wang Y, Cai Y, Kelly CP, Sun X. Novel Chimeric Protein Vaccines Against Clostridium difficile Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2440. [PMID: 30405630 PMCID: PMC6204379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of world-wide nosocomial acquired diarrhea in adults. Active vaccination is generally accepted as a logical and cost-effective approach to prevent CDI. In this paper, we have generated two novel chimeric proteins; one designated Tcd169, comprised of the glucosyltransferase domain (GT), the cysteine proteinase domain (CPD), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of TcdB, and the RBD of TcdA; the other designated Tcd169FI, which contains Salmonella typhimurium flagellin (sFliC) and Tcd169. Both proteins were expressed in and purified from Bacillus megaterium. Point mutations were made in the GT (W102A, D288N) and CPD (C698) of TcdB to ensure that Tcd169 and Tcd169FI were atoxic. Immunization with Tcd169 or Tcd169Fl induced protective immunity against TcdA/TcdB challenge through intraperitoneal injection, also provided mice full protection against infection with a hyper-virulent C. difficile strain (BI/NAP1/027). In addition, inclusion of sFlic in the fusion protein (Tcd169Fl) enhanced its protective immunity against toxin challenge, reduced C. difficile numbers in feces from Tcd169Fl-immunized mice infected C. difficile. Our data show that Tcd169 and Tcd169FI fusion proteins may represent alternative vaccine candidates against CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ciaran P. Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Jin JW, Tang SQ, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Synergistic effect of dual targeting vaccine adjuvant with aminated β-glucan and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides for both humoral and cellular immune responses. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:211-223. [PMID: 30098441 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Presently, clinically approved adjuvants (such as aluminum salts) fail to induce cellular immune responses, which is crucial to defend against intracellular pathogens (including HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and Ebola) and cancer. However, Freund's complete adjuvant potently stimulates both humoral and cellular immune responses, accompanying by high toxicity and severe side reactions. Here in this work, a CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-OND) crosslinked aminated β-glucan-Ovalbumin dual targeting nanoparticle (CpG-OND-AG-OVA) is prepared through a simple and mild ionic complexation method. The aminated β-glucan plays dual roles as antigen presenting cells (APCs) targeted carrier and immunopotentiator (targeting and activating dectin-1 on APCs). Meanwhile, CpG-OND also plays dual roles as ionic crosslinker and immunopotentiator (targeting and activating Toll-like receptor 9 in APCs). The adjuvant activity of the particles is evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The particles significantly enhance uptake and sustained proteolytic processing of antigens, and result in APCs maturation, inducing robust Th1 and Th2-type immune responses comparable to Freund's adjuvant without obvious toxicity. The potent adjuvant activity of the nanoparticles may originate from dual targeting synergistic effects between aminated β-glucan and CpG-OND. Accordingly, the dual targeting nanoparticles may be a promising vaccine adjuvant for inducing robust humoral and cellular immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE An ideal adjuvant for subunit vaccine should act as both a carrier to enhance the uptake, sustained processing and cytosolic delivery of antigens, and an immunopotentiator to stimulate antigen presenting cells (APCs) for activation of naive T cells. Additionally, it should be easy to obtain and safe with negligible toxicity. Unfortunately, both synthetic and natural polymers that have been developed into antigen delivery system cannot completely fulfill the requirements. In the present study, the authors design nanoparticles with aminated β-glucan and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-OND) through a simple and mild method. β-Glucan (a dectin-1 and TLR2 targeted PAMP) and CpG-OND (a TLR9 targeted PAMP) are readily accessible. Aminated β-glucan plays dual roles in the nanoparticle as APCs targeted carrier and immunopotentiator. Meanwhile, CpG-OND also plays dual roles as crosslinker and APCs targeted immunopotentiator. By making use of synergistic effect of the dual targeting vaccine adjuvant with aminated β-glucan and CpG-OND, the nanoparticles induce robust antigen specific immune responses comparable to Freund's adjuvant without obvious toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shun Qing Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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68
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Jin JW, Peng WL, Tang SQ, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Antigen uptake and immunoadjuvant activity of pathogen-mimetic hollow silica particles conjugated with β-glucan. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6288-6301. [PMID: 32254619 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of vaccines is to imitate the immune responses induced by pathogen infection without causing disease. Therefore, strategies of designing vaccine delivery systems by mimicking key features of pathogens are often used. For this purpose, the present study prepares pathogen-mimicking β-glucan-conjugated hollow silica particles by using polystyrene or bacteria particles as templates. The particles perfectly duplicate the structure and morphology of pathogens and possess excellent properties of hollow silica particles, including large opening pore channels, large interior cavities, high loading of OVA (ovalbumin) and controlled release capability, biocompatibility, tunability of surface functionality and immunopotentiating activity. In addition, the particles are antigen presenting cells (APCs) targeted by specific interaction with β-glucan specific receptors on the surface of APCs, which can enhance the uptake and sustained proteolytic processing of antigens and induce APC maturation. Eventually, potent Th1 and Th2-type immune responses are aroused. The size and shape of the particles have a significant impact on the antigen uptake and immunoadjuvant activity. The degree of antigen uptake enhancement is ranked in the following order: PS HSP@glucan (nanoscale spherical) > E. coli HSP@glucan (micron-sized rod-like) > S. aureus HSP@glucan (micron-sized spherical). The PS HSP@glucan is more apt to induce a Th1-type immune response, while the E. coli HSP@glucan is more apt to induce a Th2-type immune response. The particles may thus provide a promising strategy for development of novel vaccine delivery systems for inducing robust humoral and cellular immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Detection of IgG3 antibodies specific to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 protein as marker for recently acquired infection. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1293-1300. [PMID: 29925445 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is still a public health priority. The development of effective control strategies relies on the quantification of the effects of prophylactic and therapeutic measures in disease incidence. Although several assays can be used to estimate HIV incidence, these estimates are limited by the poor performance of these assays in distinguishing recent from long-standing infections. To address such limitation, we have developed an assay to titrate p24-specific IgG3 antibodies as a marker of recent infection. The assay is based on a recombinant p24 protein capable to detect total IgG antibodies in sera using a liquid micro array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, the assay was optimised to detect and titrate anti-p24 IgG3 responses in a panel of sequential specimens from seroconverters over 24 months. The kinetics of p24-specific IgG3 titres revealed a transient peak in the 4 to 5-month period after seroconversion. It was followed by a sharp decline, allowing infections with less than 6 months to be distinguished from older ones. The developed assay exhibited a mean duration of recent infection of 144 days and a false-recent rate of ca. 14%. Our findings show that HIV-1 p24-specific IgG3 titres can be used as a tool to evaluate HIV incidence in serosurveys and to monitor the efficacy of vaccines and other transmission control strategies.
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Fornefett J, Krause J, Klose K, Fingas F, Hassert R, Benga L, Grunwald T, Müller U, Schrödl W, Baums CG. Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB/c and C57BL/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent Rodentibacter pneumotropicus (Pasteurella pneumotropica) strain. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:45. [PMID: 29848308 PMCID: PMC5977748 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice are a natural host for Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus. Despite specific monitoring, it is still one of the most important infectious agents in laboratory animals. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of a prevalent pathotype of R. pneumotropicus and characterize the host response in a new animal model. RESULTS Intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with a R. pneumotropicus strain (JF4Ni) bearing the genes of the three known repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins resulted in an unprecedented high mortality and morbidity above 50 and 80%, respectively. Morbidity was associated with severe weight loss as well as conjunctivitis and dyspnea. A main pathology was a catarrhal purulent to necrotic bronchopneumonia. Specific immune globuline (Ig) A was detected in tracheonasal lavages of most surviving mice which were still colonized by R. pneumotropicus. Furthermore, all surviving animals showed a distinct production of IgG antibodies. To differentiate T-helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 immune responses we used subclasses of IgGs as indicators. Mean ratios of IgG2b to IgG1 were below 0.8 in sera drawn from both mice strains prior infection and from BALB/c mice post infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice had a mean IgG2b/IgG1 ratio of 1.6 post infection indicating a Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 versus a Th2 response in BALB/c mice associated with a tenfold higher bacterial load in the lung. In accordance with a Th1 response high antigen-specific IgG2c titers were detected in the majority of surviving C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS R. pneumotropicus JF4Ni is a highly virulent strain causing severe pneumonia and septicemia after intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Persisting infections in the two mice strains are associated with Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, and differences in the bacterial burden of the lung. The described model is ideally suited for future vaccination studies using the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fornefett
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Krause
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Fingas
- GVG Diagnostics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rayk Hassert
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Schrödl
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Batista-Duharte A, Téllez-Martínez D, Aparecida Jellmayer J, Leandro Portuondo Fuentes D, Campos Polesi M, Martins Baviera A, Zeppone Carlos I. Repeated Exposition to Mercury (II) Chloride Enhances Susceptibility to S. schenckii sensu stricto Infection in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4020064. [PMID: 29799450 PMCID: PMC6023541 DOI: 10.3390/jof4020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that has re-emerged in several tropical and subtropical regions over the last decades. Growing findings suggest that the interplay of host, pathogen, and environment has a determinant effect on the diversity, local distribution, and virulence of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato, the etiologic agent. Among the environmental factors, we have studied the potential role of repeated exposures to mercury (Hg), a known immunotoxic xenobiotic that is widely used in gold mining regions where sporotrichosis outbreaks are frequently reported. In this study, male Swiss mice received subcutaneous injections of either 300 or 1200 µg/kg of mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2) for 14 days, three times a week. A control group was injected with the vehicle Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Treatment with HgCl2 impaired several immunologic parameters that are involved in host response to Sporothrix infection, such as the production of TNFα, IL-1, and nitric oxide by macrophages, and Th1/Th2/Th17 populations and their respective cytokines. The consequences of these effects on the host resistance to S. schenckii infection were subsequently evaluated. Hg-exposed mice exhibited a higher fungal load in the fungal inoculation site associated to systemic dissemination to spleen and liver on 14 days post-infection and a higher production of specific IgG1 and mild reduction of IgG2a. These findings suggest that repeated exposition to Hg enhances susceptibility to S. schenckii infection in mice and can be a factor associated to sporotrichosis outbreaks in endemic and highly Hg-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Batista-Duharte
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Damiana Téllez-Martínez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Aparecida Jellmayer
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Deivys Leandro Portuondo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Campos Polesi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
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72
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Guo J, Sun X, Yin H, Wang T, Li Y, Zhou C, Zhou H, He S, Cong H. Chitosan Microsphere Used as an Effective System to Deliver a Linked Antigenic Peptides Vaccine Protect Mice Against Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:163. [PMID: 29876322 PMCID: PMC5974094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccines have advantages over traditional Toxoplasma gondii vaccines, but are more susceptible to enzymatic degradation. As an effective delivery system, chitosan microspheres (CS) can overcome this obstacle and act as a natural adjuvant to promote T helper 1 (Th1) cellular immune responses. In this study, we use chitosan microparticles to deliver multiple antigenic epitopes from GRA10 (G10E), containing three dominant epitopes. When G10E was entrapped within chitosan microparticles (G10E-CS), adequate peptides for eliciting immune response were loaded in the microsphere core and this complex released G10E peptides stably. The efficiency of G10E-CS was detected both in vitro, via cell culture, and through in vivo mouse immunization. In vitro, G10E-CS activated Dendritic Cells (DC) and T lymphocytes by upregulating the secretion of costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86). In vivo, Th1 biased cellular and humoral immune responses were activated in mice vaccinated with G10E-CS, accompanied by significantly increased production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IgG, and decreases in IL-4, IL-10, and IgG1. Immunization with G10E-CS conferred significant protection with prolonged survival in mice model of acute toxoplasmosis and statistically significant decreases in cyst burden in murine chronic toxoplasmosis. The results from this study indicate that chitosan microspheres used as an effective system to deliver a linked antigenic peptides is a promising strategy for the development of efficient vaccine against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiahui Sun
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huiquan Yin
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shenyi He
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Cong
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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73
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Raeven RH, Brummelman J, Pennings JLA, van der Maas L, Helm K, Tilstra W, van der Ark A, Sloots A, van der Ley P, van Eden W, Jiskoot W, van Riet E, van Els CA, Kersten GF, Han WG, Metz B. Molecular and cellular signatures underlying superior immunity against Bordetella pertussis upon pulmonary vaccination. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:979-993. [PMID: 28930286 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is often required for protection against respiratory pathogens but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of induction remain poorly understood. Here, systems vaccinology was used to identify immune signatures after pulmonary or subcutaneous immunization of mice with pertussis outer membrane vesicles. Pulmonary immunization led to improved protection, exclusively induced mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T helper type 17 (Th17) responses, and in addition evoked elevated systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, IgG-producing plasma cells, memory B cells, and Th17 cells. These adaptive responses were preceded by unique local expression of genes of the innate immune response related to Th17 (e.g., Rorc) and IgA responses (e.g., Pigr) in addition to local and systemic secretion of Th1/Th17-promoting cytokines. This comprehensive systems approach identifies the effect of the administration route on the development of mucosal immunity, its importance in protection against Bordetella pertussis, and reveals potential molecular correlates of vaccine immunity to this reemerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hm Raeven
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - L van der Maas
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - K Helm
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W Tilstra
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Ark
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Sloots
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - P van der Ley
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E van Riet
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Acm van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - G Fa Kersten
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Gh Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - B Metz
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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74
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Maeurer M, Rao M, Zumla A. B cells or T cells in TB: a continuing conundrum. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2018; 6:237-238. [PMID: 29595500 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Maeurer
- Champalimaud Foundation, Immunotherapy, Lisbon, Portugal; Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Martin Rao
- Champalimaud Foundation, Immunotherapy, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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75
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Kim BJ, Kim BR, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Development of a Live Recombinant BCG Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag Using a pMyong2 Vector System: Potential Use As a Novel HIV-1 Vaccine. Front Immunol 2018; 9:643. [PMID: 29636755 PMCID: PMC5880907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the rate of new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections is gradually decreasing worldwide, an effective preventive vaccine for HIV-1 is still urgently needed. The recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) is promising for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. Recently, we showed that a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing HIV-1 gag in a pMyong2 vector system (rSmeg-pMyong2-p24) increased the efficacy of a vaccine against HIV-1 in mice. Here, we evaluated the potential of an rBCG expressing HIV-1 p24 antigen Gag in pMyong2 (rBCG-pMyong2-p24) in a vaccine application for HIV-1 infection. We found that rBCG-pMyong2-p24 elicited an enhanced HIV-1 p24 Gag expression in rBCG and infected antigen-presenting cells. We also found that compared to rBCG-pAL-p24 in a pAL5000 derived vector system, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 elicited enhanced p24-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice as evidenced by higher levels of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte proliferation, gamma interferon ELISPOT cell induction, antibody production, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses. Furthermore, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 showed a higher level of p24-specific Ab production than rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 in the same pMyong2 vector system. In conclusion, our data indicated that a live recombinant BCG expressing HIV-1 Gag using a pMyong2 vector system, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 elicited an enhanced immune response against HIV-1 infections in a mouse model system. So, rBCG-pMyong2-p24 may have the potential as a prime vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Jun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hoh Kook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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76
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Abstract
IgG4 autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of antigen-specific autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass and contain well-characterized diseases such as muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In recent years, several new diseases were identified, and by now 14 antigens targeted by IgG4 autoantibodies have been described. The IgG4 subclass is considered immunologically inert and functionally monovalent due to structural differences compared to other IgG subclasses. IgG4 usually arises after chronic exposure to antigen and competes with other antibody species, thus "blocking" their pathogenic effector mechanisms. Accordingly, in the context of IgG4 autoimmunity, the pathogenicity of IgG4 is associated with blocking of enzymatic activity or protein-protein interactions of the target antigen. Pathogenicity of IgG4 autoantibodies has not yet been systematically analyzed in IgG4 autoimmune diseases. Here, we establish a modified classification system based on Witebsky's postulates to determine IgG4 pathogenicity in IgG4 autoimmune diseases, review characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of IgG4 in these disorders, and also investigate the contribution of other antibody entities to pathophysiology by additional mechanisms. As a result, three classes of IgG4 autoimmune diseases emerge: class I where IgG4 pathogenicity is validated by the use of subclass-specific autoantibodies in animal models and/or in vitro models of pathogenicity; class II where IgG4 pathogenicity is highly suspected but lack validation by the use of subclass specific antibodies in in vitro models of pathogenicity or animal models; and class III with insufficient data or a pathogenic mechanism associated with multivalent antigen binding. Five out of the 14 IgG4 antigens were validated as class I, five as class II, and four as class III. Antibodies of other IgG subclasses or immunoglobulin classes were present in several diseases and could contribute additional pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Koneczny
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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77
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Wagachchi D, Tsai JYC, Chalmers C, Blanchett S, Loh JMS, Proft T. PilVax - a novel peptide delivery platform for the development of mucosal vaccines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2555. [PMID: 29416095 PMCID: PMC5803258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide vaccines are an attractive strategy to engineer the induction of highly targeted immune responses and avoid potentially allergenic and/or reactogenic protein regions. However, peptides by themselves are often unstable and poorly immunogenic, necessitating the need for an adjuvant and a specialised delivery system. We have developed a novel peptide delivery platform (PilVax) that allows the presentation of a stabilised and highly amplified peptide as part of the group A streptococcus serotype M1 pilus structure (PilM1) on the surface of the non-pathogenic bacterium Lactococcus lactis. To show proof of concept, we have successfully inserted the model peptide Ova324–339 into 3 different loop regions of the backbone protein Spy0128, which resulted in the assembly of the pilus containing large numbers of peptide on the surface of L. lactis. Intranasal immunisation of mice with L. lactis PilM1-Ova generated measurable Ova-specific systemic and mucosal responses (IgA and IgG). Furthermore, we show that multiple peptides can be inserted into the PilVax platform and that peptides can also be incorporated into structurally similar, but antigenically different pilus structures. PilVax may be useful as a cost-effective platform for the development of peptide vaccines against a variety of important human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasun Wagachchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jia-Yun C Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Callum Chalmers
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Sam Blanchett
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jacelyn M S Loh
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Thomas Proft
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
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78
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Cissé YM, Borniger JC, Lemanski E, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. Time-Restricted Feeding Alters the Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Endotoxin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:681-687. [PMID: 29203514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important entraining signal for the endogenous circadian clock, independent of light, is food intake. The circadian and immune systems are linked; forced desynchrony of the circadian clock via nighttime light exposure or genetic ablation of core clock components impairs immune function. The timing of food intake affects various aspects of the circadian clock, but its effects on immune function are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that temporal desynchrony of food intake alters innate immune responses. Adult male Swiss Webster mice were provided with food during the night, the day, or ad libitum for 4 wk, followed by administration of LPS prior to the onset of either the active phase (zeitgeber time [ZT]12: Experiment 1) or the inactive phase (ZT0: Experiment 2). Three hours after LPS administration, blood was collected, and serum was tested for bacteria-killing capacity against Escherichia coli, as a functional assay of immune function. Additionally, cytokine expression was examined in the serum (protein), spleen, and hypothalamus (mRNA). Day-fed mice suppressed bacteria-killing capacity and serum cytokine responses to LPS during the active phase (ZT12). Night-fed mice increased bactericidal capacity, as well as serum and hypothalamic mRNA responses of certain proinflammatory cytokines during the active phase. Only day-fed mice enhanced serum cytokine responses when LPS challenge occurred during the inactive phase (ZT0); this did not result in enhanced bactericidal capacity. These data suggest that mistimed feeding has functional relevance for immune function and provide further evidence for the integration of the circadian, metabolic, and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M Cissé
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Elise Lemanski
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - William H Walker
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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79
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A temperature sensitive Mycobacterium paragordonae induces enhanced protective immune responses against mycobacterial infections in the mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15230. [PMID: 29123166 PMCID: PMC5680210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we introduced a temperature sensitive Mycobacterium spp., Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg). Here, we checked its potential as a candidate for live vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Intravenous infections of mice with Mpg led to lower colony forming units (CFUs) compared to infection with BCG, suggesting its usefulness as a live vaccine. The analyses of immune responses indicated that the highly protective immunity elicited by Mpg was dependent on effective dendritic maturation, shift of cytokine patterns and antibody production toward a Th1 phenotype, and enhanced cytotoxic T cell response. Compared to BCG, Mpg showed a more effective protective immune response in the vaccinated mice against challenges with 2 different mycobacterial strains, M. tuberculosis H37Ra or M. abscessus Asan 50594. Our data suggest that a temperature sensitive Mpg may be a potentially powerful candidate vaccine strain to induce enhanced protective immune responses against M. tuberculosis and M. abscessus.
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80
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Comparative analysis of clinics, pathologies and immune responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected with Streptobacillus moniliformis. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:101-110. [PMID: 29024796 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptobacillus (S.) moniliformis is a rat-associated zoonotic pathogen that occasionally causes disease in other species. We investigated the working hypothesis that intranasal infection might lead to different immune responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice associated with distinct pathologies. This study confirmed with 75% mortality the known high susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to Streptobacillus moniliformis infection in comparison to BALB/c mice which did not develop signs of disease. Main pathologies in C57BL/6 mice were purulent to necrotizing lymphadenitis and pneumonia. Significant seroconversion was recorded in surviving mice of both strains. Differentiation of IgG-subclasses revealed mean ratios of IgG2b to IgG1 below 0.5 in sera of all mice prior to infection and of BALB/c mice post infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice had a mean IgG2b/IgG1 ratio of 2.5 post infection indicating a Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 versus a Th2 response in BALB/c mice. Evaluation of different sentinel systems revealed that cultural and serological investigations of these animals might not be sufficient to detect infection. In summary, an intranasal S. moniliformis infection model in C57BL/6 mice leading to purulent to necrotizing inflammations in the lung, the lymph nodes and other organs associated with a Th1 immune response is described.
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81
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Effect of Chitosan and Liposome Nanoparticles as Adjuvant Codelivery on the Immunoglobulin G Subclass Distribution in a Mouse Model. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:9125048. [PMID: 28758135 PMCID: PMC5516754 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigate the immunogenic properties of chitosan and liposome nanoparticles as adjuvant codelivery against a commercial pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in an animal model. Methods The chitosan and liposome nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and dry methods, respectively. The PCV immunization was performed intradermally in the presence of adjuvants and booster injections which were given without an adjuvant. The Quil-A® was used as a control adjuvant. The ELISA was performed to measure the antibodies against pneumococcal type 14 polysaccharide (Pn14PS). Results The level of total antibodies against Pn14PS antigen was no different between the mouse groups with or without adjuvant codelivery. Codelivery of the PCV with chitosan nanoparticles as well as the Quil-A adjuvant elicited IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 antibodies. Meanwhile, codelivery of liposome nanoparticles elicited mainly IgG1 antibodies against the Pn14PS. Conclusions The chitosan and liposome nanoparticles as adjuvant codelivery were successfully synthesized. These nanoparticles have different shapes in particle formation, liposome nanoparticle with their unilamellar shape and chitosan nanoparticles in large shape due to the aggregation of small-size particles. Codelivery of chitosan nanoparticles has more effect on the IgG subclass antibody production than that of liposome nanoparticles in a mouse model.
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82
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Portuondo DL, Batista-Duharte A, Ferreira LS, de Andrade CR, Quinello C, Téllez-Martínez D, de Aguiar Loesch ML, Carlos IZ. Comparative efficacy and toxicity of two vaccine candidates against Sporothrix schenckii using either Montanide™ Pet Gel A or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:4430-4436. [PMID: 28687406 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is an important zoonosis in Brazil and the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America, caused by different Sporothrix species. Currently, there is no effective vaccine available to prevent this disease. In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of the adjuvant Montanide™ Pet Gel A (PGA) formulated with S. schenckii cell wall proteins (ssCWP) was evaluated and compared with that of aluminum hydroxide (AH). Balb/c mice received two subcutaneous doses (1st and 14th days) of either the unadjuvanted or adjuvanted vaccine candidates. On the 21st day, anti-ssCWP antibody levels (ELISA), the phagocytic index, as well as the ex vivo release of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 by splenocytes and IL-12 by peritoneal macrophages were assessed. Cytotoxicity of the vaccine formulations was evaluated in vitro and by histopathological analysis of the inoculation site. Both adjuvanted vaccine formulations increased anti-ssCWP IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 levels, although IgG2a levels were higher in response to PGA+CWP100, probably contributing to the increase in S. schenckii yeast phagocytosis by macrophages in the opsonophagocytosis assay when using serum from PGA+CWP100-immunized mice. Immunization with AH+CWP100 led to a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 ex vivo cytokine release profile, while PGA+CWP100 stimulated a preferential Th1/Th2 profile. Moreover, PGA+CWP100 was less cytotoxic in vitro, caused less local toxicity and led to a similar reduction in fungal load in the liver and spleen of S. schenckii- or S. brasiliensis-challenged mice as compared with AH+CWP100. These results suggest that PGA may be an effective and safe adjuvant for a future sporotrichosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivys Leandro Portuondo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Souza Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleverton Roberto de Andrade
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Physiology & Pathology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Quinello
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Damiana Téllez-Martínez
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Luiza de Aguiar Loesch
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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83
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Kim DY, Lee SH, Carter RG, Kato A, Schleimer RP, Cho SH. A Recently Established Murine Model of Nasal Polyps Demonstrates Activation of B Cells, as Occurs in Human Nasal Polyps. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:170-5. [PMID: 27163839 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0002rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal model systems are invaluable for examining human diseases. Our laboratory recently established a mouse model of nasal polyps (NPs) and investigated similarities and differences between this mouse model and human NPs. We especially focus on the hypothesis that B cell activation occurs during NP generation in the murine model. After induction of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinosinusitis, 6% ovalbumin and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (10 ng) were instilled into the nasal cavity of mice three times per week for 8 weeks. The development of structures that somewhat resemble NPs (which we will refer to as NPs) was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA and protein levels of various inflammatory cell markers and mediators were measured by real-time PCR in nasal tissue and by ELISA in nasal lavage fluid (NLF), respectively. Total Ig isotype levels in NLF were also quantitated using the Mouse Ig Isotyping Multiplex kit (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA) on a Luminex 200 instrument (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY). Similar to human NPs, there were significant increases in gene expression of inflammatory cell markers, such as CD19, CD138, CD11c, and mast cell protease-6 in nasal tissue samples of the NP group compared with those of the control group. In further investigations of B cell activation, mRNA expressions of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand were found to be significantly increased in mouse NP tissue. B cell-activating factor protein concentration and IgA and IgG1 levels in NLF were significantly higher in the NP group compared with the control group. In this study, the NP mouse model demonstrated enhanced B cell responses, which are reminiscent of B cell responses in human NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Kim
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Lee
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roderick G Carter
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atsushi Kato
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seong H Cho
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and.,4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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84
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Liu Y, Cao A, Li Y, Li X, Cong H, He S, Zhou H. Immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii Superoxide dismutase (TgSOD) induces partial immune protection against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:403. [PMID: 28592247 PMCID: PMC5463464 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals including humans and causes toxoplasmosis. An effective vaccine could be an ideal choice for preventing and controlling toxoplasmosis. T. gondii Superoxide dismutase (TgSOD) might participate in affecting the intracellular growth of both bradyzoite and tachyzoite forms. In the present study, the TgSOD gene was used to construct a DNA vaccine (pEGFP-SOD). Methods TgSOD gene was amplified and inserted into eukaryotic vector pEGFP-C1 and formed the DNA vaccine pEGFP-SOD. Then the BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with the DNA vaccine and those injected with pEGFP-C1, PBS or nothing were treated as controls. Four weeks after the last immunization, all mouse groups followed by challenging intraperitoneally with tachyzoites of T. gondii ME49 strain. Results Results showed higher levels of total IgG, IgG2α in the sera and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the splenocytes from pEGFP-SOD inoculated mice than those unvaccinated, or inoculated with either empty plasmid vector or PBS. The proportions of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the spleen from pEGFP-SOD inoculated mice were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to control groups. In addition, the survival time of mice immunized with pEGFP-SOD was significantly prolonged as compared to the controls (p < 0.05) although all the mice died. Conclusion The present study revealed that the DNA vaccine triggered strong humoral and cellular immune responses, and aroused partial protective immunity against acute T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice. The collective data suggests the SOD may be a potential vaccine candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Cao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Present address Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Cong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenyi He
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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85
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A novel staphylococcal enterotoxin B subunit vaccine candidate elicits protective immune response in a mouse model. Toxicon 2017; 131:68-77. [PMID: 28359755 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), produced by the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, is responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, and is considered a potential bioterrorism agent. Unfortunately, still now no approved vaccines are available against SEB. In this study, we constructed a series of nontoxic SEB mutants (mSEBs) and examined whether these mSEBs provide protective immunity against SEB challenge. These mSEB vaccine candidates did not demonstrate superantigen activity in mouse splenocyte cultures. Immunization with the vaccine candidates triggered the production of IgG-antibodies with neutralizing activity. In addition, increased production of IgG1 and IgG3 was observed after immunization, which signifies both Th1- and Th2-induced immune responses. Among the vaccine candidates tested, S9, a double mutant (N23A and Y90A) and S19, a quadruple mutant (N23A, Y90A, R110A, and F177A), demonstrated complete protection against a lethal SEB challenge. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that these mSEBs could be an effective recombinant SEB vaccine candidates for further/future preclinical and clinical studies.
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86
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In HJ, Lim H, Lee JA, Kim HJ, Kim JW, Hyeon JY, Yeo SG, Lee JW, Yoo JS, Choi YK, Lee SW. An inactivated hand-foot-and-mouth disease vaccine using the enterovirus 71 (C4a) strain isolated from a Korean patient induces a strong immunogenic response in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178259. [PMID: 28542556 PMCID: PMC5443535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) frequently occurring in children. HFMD induced by EV71 can cause serious health problems and has been reported worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity of a formalin-inactivated HFMD vaccine using an EV71 strain (FI-EV71 C4a) isolated from a Korean patient. The vaccine candidate was evaluated in mice to determine the vaccination doses and vaccine schedules. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly administered 5, 10, or 20 μg FI-EV71 vaccine, followed by a booster 2 weeks later. EV71-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were induced and maintained until the end of the experimental period in all vaccinated groups. To determine the effectiveness of adjuvant for the EV71 vaccine, three adjuvants, i.e., aluminium hydroxide gel, monophosphoryl lipid A, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, were administered separately with the FI-EV71 vaccine to mice via the intramuscular route. Mice administered the FI-EV71 vaccine formulated with all three adjuvants induced a significantly increased antibody response compared with that of the single adjuvant groups. The vaccinated group with triple adjuvants exhibited more rapid induction of EV71-specific and neutralizing antibodies than the other groups. These results suggested that the role of adjuvant in inactivated vaccine was important for eliciting effective immune responses against EV71. In conclusion, our results showed that FI-EV71 was a potential candidate vaccine for prevention of EV71 infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Enterovirus A, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification
- Female
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/immunology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/prevention & control
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Animal
- Republic of Korea
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/pharmacology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju In
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Lim
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Yeo
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Yoo
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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87
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Kim BJ, Gong JR, Kim GN, Kim BR, Lee SY, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis with a pMyong2 vector expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Gag can induce enhanced virus-specific immune responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44776. [PMID: 28300196 PMCID: PMC5353558 DOI: 10.1038/srep44776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have developed a novel Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector system using pMyong2, which can provide an enhanced expression of heterologous genes in recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (rSmeg). To investigate the usefulness of rSmeg using pMyong2 in vaccine application, we vaccinated M. smegmatis with pMyong2 system expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) Gag p24 antigen (rSmeg-pMyong2-p24) into mice and examined its cellular and humoral immune responses against HIV gag protein. We found that rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 expressed higher levels of Gag protein in bacteria, macrophage cell line (J774A.1) and mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) compared to rSmeg strains using two other vector systems, pAL5000 derived vector (rSmeg-pAL-p24) and the integrative plasmid, pMV306 (rSmeg-pMV306-p24). Inoculation of mice with rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 elicited more effective immunity compared to the other two rSmeg strains, as evidenced by higher levels of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte proliferation, interferon gamma ELISPOT cell induction, and antibody production. Furthermore, rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 showed a higher level of cytotoxic T cell response against target cells expressing Gag p24 proteins. Our data suggest that Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector system with pMyong2 may provide an advantage in vaccine application of rSmeg over other vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Jun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ryeol Gong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga-Na Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hoh Kook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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88
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Hernández-Flores KG, Calderón-Garcidueñas AL, Mellado-Sánchez G, Ruiz-Ramos R, Sánchez-Vargas LA, Thomas-Dupont P, Izaguirre-Hernández IY, Téllez-Sosa J, Martínez-Barnetche J, Wood L, Paterson Y, Cedillo-Barrón L, López-Franco O, Vivanco-Cid H. Evaluation of the safety and adjuvant effect of a detoxified listeriolysin O mutant on the humoral response to dengue virus antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:109-126. [PMID: 27886660 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriolysin O (LLO) has been proposed as a potential carrier or adjuvant molecule in the vaccination field. However, the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of LLO are the major limitations for this purpose. Here, we have performed a preclinical safety evaluation and characterized a new potential adjuvant application for a non-cytolytic LLO mutant (dtLLO) to enhance and modulate the immune response against the envelope (E) protein from dengue virus. In addition, we have studied the adjuvant effects of dtLLO on human immune cells and the role of membrane cholesterol for the binding and proinflammatory property of the toxoid. Our in-vivo results in the murine model confirmed that dtLLO is a safer molecule than wild-type LLO (wtLLO), with a significantly increased survival rate for mice challenged with dtLLO compared with mice challenged with wtLLO (P < 0·001). Histopathological analysis showed non-toxic effects in key target organs such as brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and lung after challenge with dtLLO. In vitro, dtLLO retained the capacity of binding to plasma membrane cholesterol on the surface of murine and human immune cells. Immunization of 6-8-week-old female BALB/c mice with a combination of dtLLO mixed with E protein elicited a robust specific humoral response with isotype diversification of immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a). Finally, we demonstrated that cholesterol and lipid raft integrity are required to induce a proinflammatory response by human cells. Taken together, these findings support a potential use of the dtLLO mutant as a safe and effective adjuvant molecule in vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Hernández-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México.,Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México
| | | | - G Mellado-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México
| | - R Ruiz-Ramos
- Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río Veracruz, México
| | - L A Sánchez-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México.,Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México
| | - P Thomas-Dupont
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México.,Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México
| | - I Y Izaguirre-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México.,Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Veracruz, México
| | - J Téllez-Sosa
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Cuernavaca, México
| | - J Martínez-Barnetche
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Cuernavaca, México
| | - L Wood
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - O López-Franco
- Centro de Estudios y Servicios en Salud. Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México
| | - H Vivanco-Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz City, Veracruz, México
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89
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Wiede F, Sacirbegovic F, Leong YA, Yu D, Tiganis T. PTPN2-deficiency exacerbates T follicular helper cell and B cell responses and promotes the development of autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 76:85-100. [PMID: 27658548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms that repress PTPN2 expression have been linked with the development of type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. PTPN2 attenuates CD8+ T cell responses to self and prevents overt autoreactivity in the context of T cell homeostasis and antigen cross-presentation. The role of PTPN2 in other immune subsets in the development of autoimmunity remains unclear. Here we show that the inducible deletion of PTPN2 in hematopoietic compartment of adult non-autoimmune prone mice results in systemic inflammation and autoimmunity. PTPN2-deficient mice had increased inflammatory monocytes, B cells and effector T cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues and exhibited symptoms of dermatitis, glomerulonephritis, pancreatitis and overt liver disease. Autoimmunity was characterised by the formation of germinal centers in the spleen and associated with markedly increased germinal center B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and circulating anti-nuclear antibodies, inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins. CD8+ T cell proliferative responses were enhanced, and interleukin-21-induced STAT-3 signalling in Tfh cells and B cells was increased and accompanied by enhanced B cell proliferation ex vivo. These results indicate that deficiencies in PTPN2 across multiple immune lineages, including naive T cells, Tfh cells and B cells, contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Faruk Sacirbegovic
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yew Ann Leong
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Di Yu
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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90
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Tukhvatulin AI, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulina NM, Shcheblyakov DV, Shmarov MM, Dolzhikova IV, Stanhope-Baker P, Naroditsky BS, Gudkov AV, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Powerful Complex Immunoadjuvant Based on Synergistic Effect of Combined TLR4 and NOD2 Activation Significantly Enhances Magnitude of Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immune Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155650. [PMID: 27187797 PMCID: PMC4871337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates innate immune responses and contributes to development of adaptive immunity. Simultaneous stimulation of different types of PRRs can have synergistic immunostimulatory effects resulting in enhanced production of molecules that mediate innate immunity such as inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, etc. Here, we evaluated the impact of combined stimulation of PRRs from different families on adaptive immunity by generating alum-based vaccine formulations with ovalbumin as a model antigen and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist MPLA and the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist MDP adsorbed individually or together on the alum-ovalbumin particles. Multiple in vitro and in vivo readouts of immune system activation all showed that while individual PRR agonists increased the immunogenicity of vaccines compared to alum alone, the combination of both PRR agonists was significantly more effective. Combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 results in a stronger and broader transcriptional response in THP-1 cells compared to individual PRR stimulation. Immunostimulatory composition containing both PRR agonists (MPLA and MDP) in the context of the alum-based ovalbumin vaccine also enhanced uptake of vaccine particles by bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promoted maturation (up-regulation of expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII) and activation (production of cytokines) of BMDCs. Finally, immunization of mice with vaccine particles containing both PRR agonists resulted in enhanced cellular immunity as indicated by increased proliferation and activation (IFN-γ production) of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following in vitro restimulation with ovalbumin and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by higher titers of ovalbumin-specific IgG antibodies. These results indicate that combined stimulation of TLR4 and NOD2 receptors dramatically enhances activation of both the humoral and cellular branches of adaptive immunity and suggests that inclusion of agonists of these receptors in standard alum-based adjuvants could be used to improve the effectiveness of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Dzharullaeva
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia M. Tukhvatulina
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Shmarov
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Boris S. Naroditsky
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Gudkov
- Cleveland BioLabs, Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton str., 14263 Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya str.18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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91
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Ching XT, Fong MY, Lau YL. Evaluation of Immunoprotection Conferred by the Subunit Vaccines of GRA2 and GRA5 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:609. [PMID: 27199938 PMCID: PMC4847622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. Severe symptoms occur in the immunocompromised patients and pregnant women leading to fatality and abortions respectively. Vaccination development is essential to control the disease. The T. gondii dense granule antigen 2 and 5 (GRA2 and GRA5) have been targeted in this study because these proteins are essential to the development of parasitophorous vacuole (PV), a specialized compartment formed within the infected host cell. PV is resistance to host cell endosomes and lysosomes thereby protecting the invaded parasite. Recombinant dense granular proteins, GRA2 (rGRA2) and GRA5 (rGRA5) were cloned, expressed, and purified in Escherichia coli, BL21 (DE3) pLysS. The potential of these purified antigens as subunit vaccine candidates against toxoplasmosis were evaluated through subcutaneous injection of BALB/c mice followed by immunological characterization (humoral- and cellular-mediated) and lethal challenge against virulent T. gondii RH strain in BALB/c mice. Results obtained demonstrated that rGRA2 and rGRA5 elicited humoral and cellular-mediated immunity in the mice. High level of IgG antibody was produced with the isotype IgG2a/IgG1 ratio of ≈0.87 (p < 0.001). Significant increase (p < 0.05) in the level of four cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) was obtained. The antibody and cytokine results suggest that a mix mode of Th1/Th2-immunity was elicited with predominant Th1-immune response inducing partial protection against T. gondii acute infection in BALB/c mice. Our findings indicated that both GRA2 and GRA5 are potential candidates for vaccine development against T. gondii acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao T Ching
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Y Fong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee L Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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92
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Thrane S, Janitzek CM, Matondo S, Resende M, Gustavsson T, de Jongh WA, Clemmensen S, Roeffen W, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, van Gemert GJ, Sauerwein R, Schiller JT, Nielsen MA, Theander TG, Salanti A, Sander AF. Bacterial superglue enables easy development of efficient virus-like particle based vaccines. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:30. [PMID: 27117585 PMCID: PMC4847360 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a significant advance in the development of subunit vaccines, combining high safety and efficacy. Their particulate nature and dense repetitive subunit organization makes them ideal scaffolds for display of vaccine antigens. Traditional approaches for VLP-based antigen display require labor-intensive trial-and-error optimization, and often fail to generate dense antigen display. Here we utilize the split-intein (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) conjugation system to generate stable isopeptide bound antigen-VLP complexes by simply mixing of the antigen and VLP components. RESULTS Genetic fusion of SpyTag or SpyCatcher to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the Acinetobacter phage AP205 capsid protein resulted in formation of stable, nonaggregated VLPs expressing one SpyCatcher, one SpyTag or two SpyTags per capsid protein. Mixing of spy-VLPs with eleven different vaccine antigens fused to SpyCatcher or SpyTag resulted in formation of antigen-VLP complexes with coupling efficiencies (% occupancy of total VLP binding sites) ranging from 22-88 %. In mice, spy-VLP vaccines presenting the malaria proteins Pfs25 or VAR2CSA markedly increased antibody titer, affinity, longevity and functional efficacy compared to corresponding vaccines employing monomeric proteins. The spy-VLP vaccines also effectively broke B cell self-tolerance and induced potent and durable antibody responses upon vaccination with cancer or allergy-associated self-antigens (PD-L1, CTLA-4 and IL-5). CONCLUSIONS The spy-VLP system constitutes a versatile and rapid method to develop highly immunogenic VLP-based vaccines. Our data provide proof-of-concept for the technology's ability to present complex vaccine antigens to the immune system and elicit robust functional antibody responses as well as to efficiently break B cell self-tolerance. The spy-VLP-system may serve as a generic tool for the cost-effective development of effective VLP-vaccines against both infectious- and non-communicable diseases and could facilitate rapid and unbiased screening of vaccine candidate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Thrane
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph M Janitzek
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sungwa Matondo
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, KCMC, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mafalda Resende
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stine Clemmensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, SCION-DTU Science Park, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Will Roeffen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adam F Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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93
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Cai H, Degliangeli F, Palitzsch B, Gerlitzki B, Kunz H, Schmitt E, Fiammengo R, Westerlind U. Glycopeptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles for antibody induction against the tumor associated mucin-1 glycoprotein. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1132-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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94
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Yin Z, Dulaney S, McKay CS, Baniel C, Kaczanowska K, Ramadan S, Finn MG, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis of GM2 Glycans, Bioconjugation with Bacteriophage Qβ, and the Induction of Anticancer Antibodies. Chembiochem 2016; 17:174-80. [PMID: 26538065 PMCID: PMC4726457 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines is an attractive approach towards tumor prevention and treatment. Herein, we focused on the ganglioside GM2 tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumor cells. GM2 was synthesized chemically and conjugated with a virus-like particle derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Although the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction efficiently introduced 237 copies of GM2 per Qβ, this construct failed to induce significant amounts of anti-GM2 antibodies compared to the Qβ control. In contrast, GM2 immobilized on Qβ through a thiourea linker elicited high titers of IgG antibodies that recognized GM2-positive tumor cells and effectively induced cell lysis through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, bacteriophage Qβ is a suitable platform to boost antibody responses towards GM2, a representative member of an important class of TACA: the ganglioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Steven Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Craig S McKay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Claire Baniel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA.
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95
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Abstract
Three major plague pandemics caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis have killed nearly 200 million people in human history. Due to its extreme virulence and the ease of its transmission, Y. pestis has been used purposefully for biowarfare in the past. Currently, plague epidemics are still breaking out sporadically in most of parts of the world, including the United States. Approximately 2000 cases of plague are reported each year to the World Health Organization. However, the potential use of the bacteria in modern times as an agent of bioterrorism and the emergence of a Y. pestis strain resistant to eight antibiotics bring out severe public health concerns. Therefore, prophylactic vaccination against this disease holds the brightest prospect for its long-term prevention. Here, we summarize the progress of the current vaccine development for counteracting plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0880, USA.
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96
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Chen L, Zhang J, Sun H. Immunological adjuvant effect of the peptide fraction from the larvae of Musca domestica. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:427. [PMID: 26630909 PMCID: PMC4668601 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The larvae of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) have been used traditionally for malnutritional stagnation, decubital necrosis, osteomyelitis, ecthyma and lip scald and also to treat coma and gastric cancer in the traditional Chinese medicine. Its immunomodulatory effects in naïve mice in relation to the traditional uses were also reported. However, the immunological adjuvant potentials of this insect have not yet been studied. METHODS The peptide fraction from the larvae of Musca domestica L. (MDPF) was evaluated for its adjuvant potentials on the immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) and avian influenza vaccine (rL-H5) by determining antigen-specific antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, activity of natural killer (NK) cell, the secretion of cytokines from splenocytes in the immunized mice. RESULTS MDPF significantly enhanced not only the concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and antigen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, but serum antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in the mice immunized with OVA and rL-H5. MDPF also remarkably promoted the killing activities of NK cells in splenocytes from the mice immunized with rL-H5. Furthermore, MDPF significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines from splenocytes in the immunized mice. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that MDPF had a potential to increase both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicit a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and that MDPF may be a safe and efficacious vaccine adjuvant candidate.
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97
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Zhang B, Qiu J, Wu C, Li Y, Liu Z. Anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity of iron hepta-tungsten phosphate oxygen clusters complex. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:293-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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98
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Poteet E, Lewis P, Li F, Zhang S, Gu J, Chen C, Ho SO, Do T, Chiang S, Fujii G, Yao Q. A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136862. [PMID: 26312747 PMCID: PMC4552547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. This was in sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively). In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Poteet
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Phoebe Lewis
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Feng Li
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Sam On Ho
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - Thai Do
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - SuMing Chiang
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - Gary Fujii
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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99
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Raeven RHM, van der Maas L, Tilstra W, Uittenbogaard JP, Bindels THE, Kuipers B, van der Ark A, Pennings JLA, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, Kersten GFA, Metz B. Immunoproteomic Profiling of Bordetella pertussis Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Reveals Broad and Balanced Humoral Immunogenicity. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2929-42. [PMID: 25988566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current resurgence of whooping cough is alarming, and improved pertussis vaccines are thought to offer a solution. Outer membrane vesicle vaccines (omvPV) are potential vaccine candidates, but omvPV-induced humoral responses have not yet been characterized in detail. The purpose of this study was to determine the antigen composition of omvPV and to elucidate the immunogenicity of the individual antigens. Quantitative proteome analysis revealed the complex composition of omvPV. The omvPV immunogenicity profile in mice was compared to those of classic whole cell vaccine (wPV), acellular vaccine (aPV), and pertussis infection. Pertussis-specific antibody levels, antibody isotypes, IgG subclasses, and antigen specificity were determined after vaccination or infection by using a combination of multiplex immunoassays, two-dimensional immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry. The vaccines and infection raised strong antibody responses, but large quantitative and qualitative differences were measured. The highest antibody levels were obtained by omvPV. All IgG subclasses (IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b/IgG3) were elicited by omvPV and in a lower magnitude by wPV, but not by aPV (IgG1) or infection (IgG2a/b). The majority of omvPV-induced antibodies were directed against Vag8, BrkA, and LPS. The broad and balanced humoral response makes omvPV a promising pertussis vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H M Raeven
- †Intravacc, Bilthoven 3720 AL, The Netherlands.,‡Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Betsy Kuipers
- §Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- ∥Centre for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim Jiskoot
- ‡Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- †Intravacc, Bilthoven 3720 AL, The Netherlands.,‡Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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100
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Klimka A, Michels L, Glowalla E, Tosetti B, Krönke M, Krut O. Montanide ISA 71 VG is Advantageous to Freund's Adjuvant in Immunization AgainstS. aureusInfection of Mice. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:291-7. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Klimka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - L. Michels
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - E. Glowalla
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - B. Tosetti
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Krönke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - O. Krut
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
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