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Sulaiman SA, Dorairaj V, Adrus MNH. Genetic Polymorphisms and Diversity in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Mini Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:106. [PMID: 36672614 PMCID: PMC9855725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease with a wide spectrum of liver conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of NAFLD varies across populations, and different ethnicities have specific risks for the disease. NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease where the genetics, metabolic, and environmental factors interplay and modulate the disease's development and progression. Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified and are associated with the disease risk. This mini-review discussed the NAFLD's genetic polymorphisms and focusing on the differences in the findings between the populations (diversity), including of those reports that did not show any significant association. The challenges of genetic diversity are also summarized. Understanding the genetic contribution of NAFLD will allow for better diagnosis and management explicitly tailored for the various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaa’cob Latiff, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (V.D.); (M.N.H.A.)
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Holmer M, Ekstedt M, Nasr P, Zenlander R, Wester A, Tavaglione F, Romeo S, Kechagias S, Stål P, Hagström H. Effect of common genetic variants on the risk of cirrhosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during 20 years of follow-up. Liver Int 2022; 42:2769-2780. [PMID: 36166317 PMCID: PMC9828463 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several genotypes associate with a worse histopathological profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether genotypes impact long-term outcomes is unclear. We investigated the importance of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and GCKR genotype for the development of severe outcomes in NAFLD. METHOD DNA samples were collected from 546 patients with NAFLD. Advanced fibrosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy or elastography. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was histologically defined. Additionally, 5396 controls matched for age, sex and municipality were identified from population-based registers. Events of severe liver disease and all-cause mortality were collected from national registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and type 2 diabetes were estimated with Cox regression. RESULTS In NAFLD, the G/G genotype of PNPLA3 was associated with a higher prevalence of NASH at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 3.67, 95% CI = 1.66-8.08), but not with advanced fibrosis (OR 1.81, 95% CI = 0.79-4.14). After up to 40 years of follow-up, the PNPLA3 G/G genotype was associated with a higher rate of severe liver disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.27, 95% CI = 1.15-4.47) compared with the C/C variant. NAFLD patients developed cirrhosis at a higher rate than controls (aHR 9.00, 95% CI = 6.85-11.83). The PNPLA3 G/G genotype accentuated this rate (aHR 23.32, 95% = CI 9.14-59.47). Overall mortality was not affected by any genetic variant. CONCLUSION The PNPLA3 G/G genotype is associated with an increased rate of cirrhosis in NAFLD. Our results suggest that assessment of the PNPLA3 genotype is of clinical relevance in patients with NAFLD to individualize monitoring and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Holmer
- Division of Liver and Pancreatic disease, Department of Upper GIKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden,Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Patrik Nasr
- Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Robin Zenlander
- Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Axel Wester
- Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Department of CardiologySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Liver and Pancreatic disease, Department of Upper GIKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden,Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Division of Liver and Pancreatic disease, Department of Upper GIKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden,Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vilar-Gomez E, Pirola CJ, Sookoian S, Wilson LA, Liang T, Chalasani N. PNPLA3 rs738409 and risk of fibrosis in NAFLD: Exploring mediation pathways through intermediate histological features. Hepatology 2022; 76:1482-1494. [PMID: 35349726 PMCID: PMC9519813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is unclear whether rs738409 (p.I148M) missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 rs738409 promotes fibrosis development by triggering specific fibrogenic pathways or by creating an unfavorable microenvironment by promoting steatosis, inflammation, and ultimately fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that intermediate histologic traits, including steatosis, lobular and portal inflammation, and ballooning may determine the effect of rs738409 on liver fibrosis among individuals with biopsy-proven NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Causal mediation models including multiple mediators in parallel or sequentially were performed to examine the effect of rs738409, by decomposing its total effect on fibrosis severity into direct and indirect effects, mediated by histology traits in 1153 non-Hispanic White patients. Total effect of rs738409 on fibrosis was β = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.09-0.29). The direct effect of rs738409 on fibrosis after removing mediators' effects was β = 0.09 (95% CI: 0.01-0.17) and the indirect effect of rs738409 on fibrosis through all mediators' effects were β = 0.010 (95% CI: 0.04-0.15). Among all mediators, the greatest estimated effect size was displayed by portal inflammation (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05-0.12). Among different sequential combinations of histology traits, the path including lobular inflammation followed by ballooning degeneration displayed the most significant indirect effect (β = 0.023, 95% CI: 0.011-0.037). Mediation analysis in a separate group of 404 individuals with biopsy-proven NAFLD from other races and ethnicity showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS In NAFLD, nearly half of the total effect of the rs738409 G allele on fibrosis severity could be explained by a direct pathway, suggesting that rs738409 may promote fibrosis development by activating specific fibrogenic pathways. A large proportion of the indirect effect of rs738409 on fibrosis severity is mediated through portal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | - Carlos J. Pirola
- Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases and Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), University of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases and Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), University of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura A. Wilson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
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Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Banach M, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A. The role of PCSK9 in NAFLD/NASH and therapeutic implications of PCSK9 inhibition. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1199-1208. [PMID: 36193738 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2132229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are inconsistent findings regarding the effect of lipid-lowering agents on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important player in cholesterol homeostasis and intracellular lipogenesis, and PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) have been found to be efficient for pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia. AREAS COVERED Whether PCSK9 (itself) or PCSK9-i affects NAFLD is still disputed. To address this question, we review published preclinical and clinical studies providing evidence for the role of PCSK9 in and the effect of PCSK9-I on the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION The current evidence from a landscape of preclinical and clinical studies examining the role of PCSK9 in NAFLD shows controversial results. Preclinical studies indicate that PCSK9 associates with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression in opposite directions. In humans, it has been concluded that the severity of hepatic steatosis affects the correlation between circulating PCSK9 and liver fat content in humans, with a possible impact of circulating PCSK9 in the early stages of NAFLD, but not in the late stages. However, data from clinical trials with PCSK9-i reassure to the safety of these agents, although real-life long-term evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xie R, Tang S, Yang Y. Associations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108261. [PMID: 36055011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ pro12Ala (PPAR-γ Pro12Ala) have been associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in several studies. However, the results of these studies are not entirely consistent. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphisms and NAFLD. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed database and manual assessment of the cited references in the retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effect model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Relevant medical researches show that 11 studies have been conducted on the analysis of NAFLD for meta-analysis, with a total of 2404 cases and 3959 participating controls. Meta-analysis results show that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and NALAD Ala alleles[no association between dominance model (OR = 0.968, 95%CI: 0.734-1.276, P = 0.815); Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro (OR = 0.930, 95 % CI: 0.701-1.233, P = 0.612); Ala/Ala vs. Pro/Pro (OR = 1.220, 95 % CI: 0.668-2.230, P = 0.518); recessive model (OR = 0.907, 95 % CI: 0.516-1.596, P = 0.736)]. Moreover, stratification by ethnicity also revealed that no matter it is in Caucasian populations or in Asian populations, NAFLD has no association with the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS According to the meta-analysis, both in Asians and Caucasian populations, the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism can't be demonstrated to have any link with susceptibility to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xie
- The Gastroenterology Department of the First Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530022, PR China
| | - Shaobo Tang
- The Gastroenterology Department of the First Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530022, PR China.
| | - Yanna Yang
- The Ultrasonography of Maternal and Children Health Hospital of Guangxi, Guangxi Province 530022, PR China
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Youssef SS, Abbas EAER, Elfiky AM, Seif S, Nabeel MM, Shousha HI, Abdelaziz AO. The impact of polymorphism in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genes on the susceptibility and survival of hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genetic variants of Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) genes have been reported with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to explore the role of The PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the incidence and survival of HCV-induced HCC in Egyptians.
Methods and results
This case-control study included (120) HCC and (144) hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Baseline clinical, laboratory, tumor characteristics data, HCC recurrence, and overall survival were collected. PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism were detected by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. We found that HCC patients were significantly older with male predominance. A significant difference between the TT genotypes of TM6SF2 frequency was observed in HCC compared with HCV patients. Moreover, the T allele of TM6SF2 distributions revealed a significant contribution to the different stages of HCC (p=0.03). Both PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 variants showed a significant relation with treatment response according to the modified RECIST criteria. Age and diabetes mellitus were the independent factors associated with the development of HCC by multivariate regression analysis.
Conclusions
TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism, not PNPLA3 rs738409, could be implicated in the development of HCV-induced HCC and its progression.
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Rauff B, Alzahrani B, Chudhary SA, Nasir B, Mahmood S, Bhinder MA, Faheem M, Amar A. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genetic variants and hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in Pakistani chronic hepatitis C patients: a genetic association study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 36028802 PMCID: PMC9414345 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigates if common missense functional variants p.I148M and p.E167K in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genes, respectively, associate with development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in a geographically novel cohort of Pakistani chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.
Methods In total, 502 Pakistani CHC patients [242 males, median age 40 years, 220 with significant hepatic fibrosis, including 114 with cirrhosis] were genotyped for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants using TaqMan genotyping assays. Associations between genotypes, biochemical and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results Genotypic distributions for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and did not associate with fibrosis grades ≥ F2 or cirrhosis in any of the genetic models tested (all p = > 0.05). PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants did not modulate baseline characteristics and serum markers of liver injury in CHC patients. Similarly, increasing number of risk alleles of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms had no trend effect on serum liver enzyme activities or proportion of CHC patients with significant or advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis (p = > 0.05). The same trend of no association with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis persisted in the multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and HCV viral load (p = > 0.05). Conclusions PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants do not appear to modulate development of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis in present CHC patients of Pakistani origin, and may be of more relevance in liver pathology involving abnormalities in hepatic fat accumulation. These results also reflect the divergent associations observed for different genetic modifiers of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in distinct ethnicities.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02469-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Rauff
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Narowal Campus, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq A Chudhary
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Chew NW, Chong B, Ng CH, Kong G, Chin YH, Xiao W, Lee M, Dan YY, Muthiah MD, Foo R. The genetic interactions between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Front Genet 2022; 13:971484. [PMID: 36035124 PMCID: PMC9399730 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing debate on whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an active contributor or an innocent bystander in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has sparked interests in understanding the common mediators between the two biologically distinct entities. This comprehensive review identifies and curates genetic studies of NAFLD overlapping with CVD, and describes the colinear as well as opposing correlations between genetic associations for the two diseases. Here, CVD described in relation to NAFLD are coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. Unique findings of this review included certain NAFLD susceptibility genes that possessed cardioprotective properties. Moreover, the complex interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors shed light on the disparity in genetic influence on NAFLD and its incident CVD. This serves to unravel NAFLD-mediated pathways in order to reduce CVD events, and helps identify targeted treatment strategies, develop polygenic risk scores to improve risk prediction and personalise disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W.S. Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Nicholas W.S. Chew, ; Roger Foo,
| | - Bryan Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gwyneth Kong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wang Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research, Bipolis way, Singapore
| | - Mick Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research, Bipolis way, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark D. Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research, Bipolis way, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Nicholas W.S. Chew, ; Roger Foo,
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Benefits of Physical Exercise as Approach to Prevention and Reversion of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081174. [PMID: 36010064 PMCID: PMC9406958 DOI: 10.3390/children9081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health concern during childhood; indeed, it is the most frequent cause of chronic liver diseases in obese children. No valid pharmacological therapies for children affected by this condition are available, and the recommended treatment is lifestyle modification, usually including nutrition and exercise interventions. In this narrative review, we summarized up-to-date information on the benefits of physical exercise on NAFLD in children and adolescents with obesity. The role of exercise as non-pharmacological treatment was emphasized in order to provide recent advances on this topic for clinicians not deeply involved in the field. Several studies on obese children and adults confirm the positive role of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of NAFLD, but to date, there are no pediatric randomized clinical trials on exercise versus usual care. Among the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the PA effects on NAFLD, the main players seem to be insulin resistance and related inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, but further evaluations are necessary to deeply understand whether these factors are correlated and how they synergistically act. Thus, a deeper research on this theme is needed, and it would be extremely interesting.
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Heterogeneity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Implication for cardiovascular risk stratification. Atherosclerosis 2022; 357:51-59. [PMID: 36058083 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liao S, An K, Liu Z, He H, An Z, Su Q, Li S. Genetic variants associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in western China. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24626. [PMID: 35881683 PMCID: PMC9459258 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to confirm the association between some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in western China. METHODS A total of 286 cases and 250 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. All samples were genotyped for patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926, membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) rs641738, glucokinase regulator (GCKR) rs1260326 and rs780094, and GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A (GATAD2A) rs4808199. Using logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the association between MAFLD and each SNP under different models. Multiple linear regression was used to find the association between SNPs and laboratory characteristics. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was applied to test SNP-SNP interactions. RESULTS The recessive model and additive model of PNPLA3 rs738409 variant were related to MAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.791 and 1.377, respectively, p = 0.038 and 0.027, respectively). However, after Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment for multiple tests, all associations were no longer statistically significant. PNPLA3 rs738409 correlated with AST levels. GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 negatively correlated with serum glucose but positively correlated with triglycerides in MAFLD. Based on MDR analysis, the best single-locus and multilocus models for MAFLD risk were rs738409 and six-locus models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the Han population in western China, no association was found between these SNPs and the risk of MAFLD. PNPLA3 rs738409 was associated with aspartate aminotransferase levels in MAFLD patients. GCKR variants were associated with increased triglyceride levels and reduced serum fasting glucose in patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenling Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang An
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoli Su
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ericson E, Bergenholm L, Andréasson AC, Dix CI, Knöchel J, Hansson SF, Lee R, Schumi J, Antonsson M, Fjellström O, Nasr P, Liljeblad M, Carlsson B, Kechagias S, Lindén D, Ekstedt M. Hepatic patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 levels are increased in I148M risk allele carriers and correlate with NAFLD in humans. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2689-2701. [PMID: 35833455 PMCID: PMC9512469 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 variant is a contributor. In mice, the Pnpla3 148M variant accumulates on lipid droplets and probably leads to sequestration of a lipase cofactor leading to impaired mobilization of triglycerides. To advance our understanding of the localization and abundance of PNPLA3 protein in humans, we used liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD to investigate the link to NAFLD and the PNPLA3 148M genotype. We experimentally qualified an antibody against human PNPLA3. Hepatic PNPLA3 protein fractional area and localization were determined by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from a well‐characterized NAFLD cohort of 67 patients. Potential differences in hepatic PNPLA3 protein levels among patients related to degree of steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis, and PNPLA3 I148M gene variants were assessed. Immunohistochemistry staining in biopsies from patients with NAFLD showed that hepatic PNPLA3 protein was predominantly localized to the membranes of small and large lipid droplets in hepatocytes. PNPLA3 protein levels correlated strongly with steatosis grade (p = 0.000027) and were also significantly higher in patients with lobular inflammation (p = 0.009), ballooning (p = 0.022), and significant fibrosis (stage 2–4, p = 0.014). In addition, PNPLA3 levels were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 148M (CG, GG) risk allele carriers compared to 148I (CC) nonrisk allele carriers (p = 0.0029). Conclusion: PNPLA3 protein levels were associated with increased hepatic lipid content and disease severity in patients with NAFLD and were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 (148M) risk allele carriers. Our hypothesis that increased hepatic levels of PNPLA3 may be part of the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Ericson
- Genome Engineering, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Bergenholm
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carly I Dix
- Affinity Reagents Generation, Biologics Engineering and Oncology Tumor-Targeted Delivery, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Knöchel
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara F Hansson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard Lee
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA.,Preclinical Pharmacology and Translational Medicine, Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Schumi
- Early Biometrics and Statistical Innovation, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeleine Antonsson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Fjellström
- Projects, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Nasr
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mathias Liljeblad
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Carlsson
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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64
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Zhang F, Zhang Z, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhou X, Chen X, Sun S. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Robust Biomarkers and Its Correlation With Immune Microenvironment in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:942153. [PMID: 35910194 PMCID: PMC9330026 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious threat to human health worldwide. In this study, the aim is to analyze diagnosis biomarkers in NAFLD and its relationship with the immune microenvironment based on bioinformatics analysis. Methods: We downloaded microarray datasets (GSE48452 and GSE63067) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The hub genes were screened by a series of machine learning analyses, such as support vector machine (SVM), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). It is worth mentioning that we used the gene enrichment analysis to explore the driver pathways of NAFLD occurrence. Subsequently, the aforementioned genes were validated by external datasets (GSE66676). Moreover, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the proportion of different types of immune cells. Finally, the Spearman analysis was used to verify the relationship between hub genes and immune cells. Results: Hub genes (CAMK1D, CENPV, and TRHDE) were identified. In addition, we found that the pathogenesis of NAFLD is mainly related to nutrient metabolism and the immune system. In correlation analysis, CENPV expression had a strong negative correlation with resting memory CD4 T cells, and TRHDE expression had a strong positive correlation with naive B cells. Conclusion: CAMK1D, CENPV, and TRHDE play regulatory roles in NAFLD. In particular, CENPV and TRHDE may regulate the immune microenvironment by mediating resting memory CD4 T cells and naive B cells, respectively, and thus influence disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shibo Sun
- *Correspondence: Xiaoning Chen, ; Shibo Sun,
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65
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Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Zhou W, Wu T, Wang L, Xu H, Ji G. The Pathogenesis of HCC Driven by NASH and the Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944088. [PMID: 35873545 PMCID: PMC9301043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinical syndrome with pathological changes that are similar to those of alcoholic hepatitis without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. It is a specific form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by hepatocyte inflammation based on hepatocellular steatosis. Further exacerbation of NASH can lead to cirrhosis, which may then progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a lack of specific and effective treatments for NASH and NASH-driven HCC, and the mechanisms of the progression of NASH to HCC are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases to identify new therapeutic approaches. Currently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the utility of natural products in NASH, which is likely to be a promising prospect for NASH. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of NASH and NASH-derived HCC, as well as the potential therapeutic role of natural products in NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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66
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Anstee QM, Castera L, Loomba R. Impact of non-invasive biomarkers on hepatology practice: Past, present and future. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1362-1378. [PMID: 35589256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there have been tremendous advances in the non-invasive diagnosis and risk stratification of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Non-invasive approaches are based on the quantification of biomarkers in serum samples or on the measurement of liver stiffness, using either ultrasound- or magnetic resonance-based elastography techniques. The fibrosis-4 index (non-patented) and enhanced liver fibrosis test (patented) are the most widely adopted serum markers, whereas vibration-controlled transient elastography is the most widely adopted elastography technique. In this review, we discuss the role of non-invasive tests in the current era, as well as their accuracy and how their use in clinical practice has changed the practice of hepatology, including identification of early cirrhosis in patients with risk factors for CLD, diagnosis of portal hypertension, establishing prognosis in compensated cirrhosis, guiding antiviral treatment, and screening for fibrosis and cirrhosis in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Laurent Castera
- Université de Paris, UMR1149 (CRI), Inserm, F-75018 Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Beaujon, F-92110 Clichy-la-Garenne, France.
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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67
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Cianci N, Subhani M, Hill T, Khanna A, Zheng D, Sheth A, Crooks C, Aithal GP. Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1025-1037. [PMID: 35721296 PMCID: PMC9157703 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing public health concern, with patients having higher risk of morbidity and mortality. It has a considerably high prevalence in the general population, estimated 20%-40% in Europe, and is asymptomatic until late in the disease course. It is therefore important to identify and validate tools that predict hard outcomes such as mortality for use in clinical practice in risk-stratifying NAFLD patients. AIM To evaluate available evidence on the use of non-invasive test(s) as prognostic factors for mortality in NAFLD. METHODS We performed electronic searches of Medline and EMBASE (Ovid) until 7th January 2021 of studies in NAFLD populations. Prognostic markers included serum biomarkers, non-invasive scoring systems, and non-invasive imaging. The population included all spectrums of disease severity, including NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Outcomes included all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality. All non-invasive tests were synthesised in a narrative systematic review. Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis of non-invasive scoring systems for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, calculating pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence (STATA 16.1). RESULTS Database searches identified 2850 studies - 24 were included. 16 studies reported non-invasive scoring systems, 10 studies reported individual biomarkers, and 1 study reported imaging modalities. 4 studies on non-invasive scoring systems (6324 participants) had data available for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The non-invasive scoring system that performed best at predicting all-cause mortality was NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) [pHR 3.07 (1.62-5.83)], followed by fibrosis-4 index [pHR 3.06 (1.54-6.07)], BARD [pHR 2.87 (1.27-6.46)], and AST to platelet ratio index [pHR 1.90 (1.32-2.73)]. NFS was also prognostic of cardiovascular-related mortality [pHR 3.09 (1.78-5.34)]. CONCLUSION This study reaffirms that non-invasive scoring systems, especially NFS, are reliable prognostic markers of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in NAFLD patients. These findings can inform clinical practice in risk stratifying NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cianci
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohsan Subhani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Hill
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Amardeep Khanna
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- King’s Liver Transplant Unit, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Freeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Sheth
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Crooks
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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68
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Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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69
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Chen Y, Xu YN, Ye CY, Feng WB, Zhou QT, Yang DH, Wang MW. GLP-1 mimetics as a potential therapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1156-1166. [PMID: 34934197 PMCID: PMC9061743 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury and different degrees of fibrosis. The pathogenesis of NASH is complex and multifactorial, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been implicated as major risk factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is one of the most successful drug targets of T2DM and obesity, and its peptidic ligands have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for NASH. In this article we provide an overview of the pathophysiology and management of NASH, with a special focus on the pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of GLP-1 mimetics in treating NAFLD/NASH, including dual and triple agonists at GLP-1R, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor or glucagon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Na Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen-Yu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - De-Hua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, 572025, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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70
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ALPTEKİN RAİM, ÇAKIROĞLU PDFP, KİREMİTCİ APS, NEMUTLU PDE, REÇBER RAT. Inulin may prevent steatosis by suppressing Cannabinoid receptor-1 and Patatin-like phospholipase-3 expression in liver. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gabriel-Medina P, Ferrer-Costa R, Rodriguez-Frias F, Ciudin A, Augustin S, Rivera-Esteban J, Pericàs JM, Selva DM. Influence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Association of PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 Polymorphisms in NASH Advanced Liver Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1015. [PMID: 35625751 PMCID: PMC9139123 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of cirrhosis in western countries. Insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the polymorphisms patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926 are independent risk factors of NASH. Nevertheless, little is known about the interaction between IR and T2D with these polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of NASH and the development of advanced fibrosis. Thus, our study aimed to investigate this relationship. This is a cross-sectional study including NASH patients diagnosed by liver biopsy, at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. A total of 140 patients were included (93 T2D, 47 non-T2D). T2D (OR = 4.67; 95%CI 2.13−10.20; p < 0.001), PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms (OR = 3.94; 95%CI 1.63−9.54; p = 0.002) were independently related with advanced liver fibrosis. T2D increased the risk of advance fibrosis on top of the two polymorphisms (OR = 14.69; 95%CI 3.03−77.35; p = 0.001 for PNPLA3 rs738409 and OR = 11.45; 95%CI 3.16−41.55; p < 0.001 for TM6SF2 rs58542926). In non-T2D patients, the IR (HOMA-IR ≥ 5.2, OR = 14.33; 95%CI 2.14−18.66; p = 0.014) increased the risk of advanced fibrosis when the polymorphisms were present (OR = 19.04; 95%CI 1.71−650.84; p = 0.042). The T2D and IR status increase the risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with NASH carrying the PNPLA3 rs738409 and/or TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gabriel-Medina
- Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.R.-F.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Team, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer-Costa
- Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.R.-F.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Team, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Frias
- Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.R.-F.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Team, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Augustin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (J.M.P.)
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Rivera-Esteban
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Pericàs
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (J.M.P.)
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martinez Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wang C, Pai AK, Putra J. Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an approach to pathological evaluation. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:443-451. [PMID: 35414523 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2022-208246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an increasingly important healthcare issue along with the rising rates of obesity worldwide. It is the most common chronic liver disease in the paediatric population and the fastest growing indication for liver transplant in young adults. The pathogenesis is complex with contributions from multiple factors and genetic predisposition. While non-invasive laboratory tests and imaging modalities are being increasingly used, the liver biopsy continues to play a crucial role in the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD. Histologically, the assessment of paediatric fatty liver disease requires special considerations with respect to a periportal predominant pattern seen in prepubertal patients, as well as a different set of disease processes in the differential diagnosis. In this review, we provide a summary of current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of paediatric NAFLD as well as the clinical guidelines on diagnosis and management. We discuss the indications and limitations of liver biopsy, histological patterns seen in paediatric NAFLD, other entities to be considered in the differential diagnosis, and conclude with appropriate triaging of liver biopsies and essential elements of pathology reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anita K Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan Putra
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu Z, Suo C, Shi O, Lin C, Zhao R, Yuan H, Jin L, Zhang T, Chen X. The Health Impact of MAFLD, a Novel Disease Cluster of NAFLD, Is Amplified by the Integrated Effect of Fatty Liver Disease-Related Genetic Variants. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e855-e875. [PMID: 33387670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a newly proposed disease category that derived from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The impact of MAFLD on health events has not been investigated. METHODS UK Biobank participants were diagnosed for whether MAFLD presented at baseline. Five genetic variants (PNPLA3 rs738409 C/G, TM6SF2 rs58542926 C/T, GCKR rs1260326 T/C, MBOAT7 rs641738 C/T, and HSD17B13 rs72613567 T/TA) were integrated into a genetic risk score (GRS). Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association of MAFLD with incident diseases. RESULTS A total of 160 979 (38.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 37.9%, 38.2%) participants out of 423 252 were diagnosed as MAFLD. Compared with participants without MAFLD, MAFLD cases had multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for liver cancer of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.28, 1.98), cirrhosis of 2.77 (2.29, 3.36), other liver diseases of 2.09 (1.95, 2.24), cardiovascular diseases of 1.39 (1.34, 1.44), renal diseases of 1.56 (1.48, 1.65), and cancers of 1.07 (1.05, 1.10). The impact of MAFLD, especially on hepatic events, was amplified by high GRS, of which the genetic variations in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 play the principal roles. MAFLD case with normal body weight is also associated with an increased risk of hepatic outcomes, but the genetic factor seems do not influence the risk in this subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD is independently associated with an increased risk of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic events. Fatty liver disease related genetic variants amplify the effect of MAFLD on disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Oumin Shi
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunqing Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renjia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
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Youssef SS, Abbas EAER, Youness RA, Elemeery MN, Nasr AS, Seif S. PNPLA3 and IL 28B signature for predicting susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C infection and fibrosis progression. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:483-489. [PMID: 31793339 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1694039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association studies identified genetic polymorphisms as predictive risk factors of rapid fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This study aims to assess the impact of IL28B rs8099917 polymorphism on CHC genotype 4 (G4) susceptibility and liver fibrosis progression individually; and in combination with PNPLA3 rs738409. PATIENTS AND METHODS IL28B rs8099917 and PNPLA3 rs738409 were genotyped in 150 Egyptian CHC patients and 175 healthy controls using real-time PCR. RESULTS IL28B rs8099917 genotype distribution significantly differs in healthy individuals versus CHC patients (p = .018); and in low versus advanced fibrosis IL28B (p = .013). The haplotype CC -GG (PNPLA3-IL28B) is considered a high-risk signature for susceptibility to CHC infection. Similarly, GG-GG (PNPLA3-IL28B) is considered a high-risk signature for higher degree of fibrosis. CONCLUSION IL28B rs8099917 and PNPLA3 rs738409 introduce genetic signature to identify patients at higher risk for CHC susceptibility and fibrosis progression in CHC G4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Samir Youssef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd El Razek Abbas
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Rana Ahmed Youness
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Nouh Elemeery
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
- Département de Neurosciences, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amal Soliman Nasr
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh Seif
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Yenilmez B, Wetoska N, Kelly M, Echeverria D, Min K, Lifshitz L, Alterman JF, Hassler MR, Hildebrand S, DiMarzio C, McHugh N, Vangjeli L, Sousa J, Pan M, Han X, Brehm MA, Khvorova A, Czech MP. An RNAi therapeutic targeting hepatic DGAT2 in a genetically obese mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1329-1342. [PMID: 34774753 PMCID: PMC8899521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver disorder characterized by triglyceride accumulation, severe inflammation, and fibrosis. With the recent increase in prevalence, NASH is now the leading cause of liver transplant, with no approved therapeutics available. Although the exact molecular mechanism of NASH progression is not well understood, a widely held hypothesis is that fat accumulation is the primary driver of the disease. Therefore, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), a key enzyme in triglyceride synthesis, has been explored as a NASH target. RNAi-based therapeutics is revolutionizing the treatment of liver diseases, with recent chemical advances supporting long-term gene silencing with single subcutaneous administration. Here, we identified a hyper-functional, fully chemically stabilized GalNAc-conjugated small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting DGAT2 (Dgat2-1473) that, upon injection, elicits up to 3 months of DGAT2 silencing (>80%-90%, p < 0.0001) in wild-type and NSG-PiZ "humanized" mice. Using an obesity-driven mouse model of NASH (ob/ob-GAN), Dgat2-1473 administration prevents and reverses triglyceride accumulation (>85%, p < 0.0001) without increased accumulation of diglycerides, resulting in significant improvement of the fatty liver phenotype. However, surprisingly, the reduction in liver fat did not translate into a similar impact on inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, while Dgat2-1473 is a practical, long-lasting silencing agent for potential therapeutic attenuation of liver steatosis, combinatorial targeting of a second pathway may be necessary for therapeutic efficacy against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Yenilmez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dimas Echeverria
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kyounghee Min
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lawrence Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julia F Alterman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Matthew R Hassler
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Samuel Hildebrand
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chloe DiMarzio
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicholas McHugh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lorenc Vangjeli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Sousa
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street Biotech Two, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Moon S, Chung GE, Joo SK, Park JH, Chang MS, Yoon JW, Koo BK, Kim W. A PNPLA3 Polymorphism Confers Lower Susceptibility to Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:682-691.e8. [PMID: 33905771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated the association between the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing-3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 genotype and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) using a biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cohort and a longitudinal observational cohort. METHODS Associations between genotypes and the prevalence of DM were evaluated with stratification according to the histological severity of NAFLD in the Boramae cohort (n = 706). A longitudinal cohort consisting of nondiabetic individuals with ≥2 health checkups was then selected to investigate the risk of incident DM according to the genotype (the GENIE cohort; n = 4998). RESULTS Among subjects with NAFLD in the Boramae cohort, the G allele was independently associated with a lower prevalence of DM in both NAFL (odds ratio [OR] per 1 allele, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.97) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (OR per 1 allele, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92). This result was replicated in the longitudinal GENIE cohort. The G allele was associated with a lower risk of incident DM during the median follow-up of 60 months in subjects with NAFLD (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93). In contrast, G allele carriers without NAFLD showed higher odds for DM in the context of the Boramae cohort (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.00-5.95). CONCLUSIONS These findings clarify conflicting results regarding the association between the PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype and the risk of DM, demonstrating a clear difference between subjects with and without NAFLD; this difference might be explained by the low metabolic risk in genetic NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium.
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; On behalf of the Innovative Target Exploration of NAFLD (ITEN) consortium.
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Krawczyk M, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. Synergistic and Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Intake on Progression of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052636. [PMID: 35269779 PMCID: PMC8910376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the most common liver disorders worldwide and the major causes of non-viral liver cirrhosis in the general population. In NAFLD, metabolic abnormalities, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are the driving factors for liver damage with no or minimal alcohol consumption. ALD refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake in individuals drinking more than 5 to 10 daily units for years. Although NAFLD and ALD are nosologically considered two distinct entities, they show a continuum and exert synergistic effects on the progression toward liver cirrhosis. The current view is that low alcohol use might also increase the risk of advanced clinical liver disease in NAFLD, whereas metabolic factors increase the risk of cirrhosis among alcohol risk drinkers. Therefore, special interest is now addressed to individuals with metabolic abnormalities who consume small amounts of alcohol or who binge drink, for the role of light-to-moderate alcohol use in fibrosis progression and clinical severity of the liver disease. Evidence shows that in the presence of NAFLD, there is no liver-safe limit of alcohol intake. We discuss the epidemiological and clinical features of NAFLD/ALD, aspects of alcohol metabolism, and mechanisms of damage concerning steatosis, fibrosis, cumulative effects, and deleterious consequences which include hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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78
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Liu Z, Lin C, Suo C, Zhao R, Jin L, Zhang T, Chen X. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and the risk of 24 specific cancers. Metabolism 2022; 127:154955. [PMID: 34915036 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant health issue closely associated with multiple metabolic dysfunctions. The association between MAFLD and cancer risk is yet unknown. METHODS UK Biobank study participants were diagnosed for the presence of MAFLD at baseline. A multivariable Cox regression model was performed to examine the associations of MAFLD with incident events in 24 specific cancers. RESULTS We included 352,911 individuals (37.2% with MAFLD), among whom 23,345 developed cancers. Compared with non-MAFLD, MAFLD was significantly associated with 10 of the 24 examined cancers, including corpus uteri (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.36, 95% CI 1.99-2.80), gallbladder (2.20, 1.14-4.23), liver (1.81, 1.43-2.28), kidney (1.77, 1.49-2.11), thyroid (1.69, 1.20-2.38), esophagus (1.48, 1.25-1.76), pancreas (1.31, 1.10-1.56), bladder (1.26, 1.11-1.43), breast (1.19, 1.11-1.27), and colorectal and anus cancers (1.14, 1.06-1.23). The associations of MAFLD with liver, esophageal, pancreatic, colorectal and anal and bladder cancers and malignant melanoma were strengthened in males, and associations with kidney, thyroid, and lung cancers were increased in females. The associations of MAFLD with the risk of liver, kidney, and thyroid cancers remained significant after further adjusting for the waist circumference or body mass index and the number of metabolic syndrome components based on the main models. The risk-increasing allele of PNPLA3 rs738409 significantly amplified the association of MAFLD with the risk of liver and kidney cancers. CONCLUSION MAFLD is associated with an increased risk of a set of cancers, but the effect substantially varies by site. MAFLD deserves higher priority in the current scheme of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225316, China
| | - Chunqing Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225316, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225316, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225316, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225316, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
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79
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Lee KJ, Moon JS, Kim NY, Ko JS. Effects of PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and SAMM50 on the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12852. [PMID: 34490745 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genetic variants of PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and SAMM50 have been reported to increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), no pediatric studies have evaluated the association between SAMM50 and NAFLD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the risk factors, including genetic variants, of pediatric NAFLD. METHODS NAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound. We included 228 patients with NAFLD (body mass index-Z [BMI-Z] = 2.51 ± 1.01) and 225 controls (BMI-Z = 0.22 ± 1.48). We genotyped four variants of PNPLA3 (rs738409), TM6SF2 (rs58542926) and SAMM50 (rs2073080 and rs3761472) by TaqMan allelic discrimination. The pediatric NAFLD fibrosis score, aspartate transaminase (AST)/platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4 score were used to evaluate the degree of fibrosis. We calculated the genetic risk score for additive effects according to the sum of risk alleles. RESULTS The mean age was 12.6 ± 3.5 years. The four genetic variants, male sex and BMI-Z, independently increased susceptibility to NAFLD. These four variants, in addition to fasting insulin and triglycerides, remained significant risk factors with higher odds ratios in children with overweight. These variants increased the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and three fibrosis scores independently. As the genetic risk score increased, AST, ALT and the fibrosis scores increased independently. CONCLUSION PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and SAMM50 are associated with the development and severity of pediatric NAFLD. The impact of genetic variants is greater in children with overweight. The four genetic variants have synergetic effects on the severity of pediatric NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jae Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Cadamuro M, Lasagni A, Sarcognato S, Guido M, Fabris R, Strazzabosco M, Strain AJ, Simioni P, Villa E, Fabris L. The Neglected Role of Bile Duct Epithelial Cells in NASH. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:34-47. [PMID: 34794182 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and affects 25% of the population in Western countries. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, linked to insulin resistance, which is the common pathogenetic mechanism. In approximately 40% of NAFLD patients, steatosis is associated with necro-inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe condition that may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the hepatocyte represents the main target of the disease, involvement of the bile ducts occurs in a subset of patients with NASH, and is characterized by ductular reaction and activation of the progenitor cell compartment, which incites portal fibrosis and disease progression. We aim to dissect the multiple biological effects that adipokines and metabolic alterations exert on cholangiocytes to derive novel information on the mechanisms driven by insulin resistance, which promote fibro-inflammation and carcinogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Lasagni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabris
- Division of Clinica Medica 3, Center for the Study and the Integrated Management of Obesity, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alastair J Strain
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Modena University-Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Cinque F, Cespiati A, Lombardi R, Costantino A, Maffi G, Alletto F, Colavolpe L, Francione P, Oberti G, Fatta E, Bertelli C, Sigon G, Dongiovanni P, Vecchi M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Interaction between Lifestyle Changes and PNPLA3 Genotype in NAFLD Patients during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030556. [PMID: 35276911 PMCID: PMC8838646 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown dramatically changed people’s lifestyles. Diet, physical activity, and the PNPLA3 gene are known risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim: To evaluate changes in metabolic and hepatic disease in NAFLD patients after the COVID-19 lockdown. Three hundred and fifty seven NAFLD patients were enrolled, all previously instructed to follow a Mediterranean diet (MD). Anthropometric, metabolic, and laboratory data were collected before the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy and 6 months apart, along with ultrasound (US) steatosis grading and information about adherence to MD and physical activity (PA). In 188 patients, PNPLA3 genotyping was performed. After the lockdown, 48% of patients gained weight, while 16% had a worsened steatosis grade. Weight gain was associated with poor adherence to MD (p = 0.005), reduced PA (p = 0.03), and increased prevalence of PNPLA3 GG (p = 0.04). At multivariate analysis (corrected for age, sex, MD, PA, and PNPLA3 GG), only PNPLA3 remained independently associated with weight gain (p = 0.04), which was also associated with worsened glycemia (p = 0.002) and transaminases (p = 0.02). During lockdown, due to a dramatic change in lifestyles, half of our cohort of NAFLD patients gained weight, with a worsening of metabolic and hepatologic features. Interestingly, the PNPLA3 GG genotype nullified the effect of lifestyle and emerged as an independent risk factor for weight gain, opening new perspectives in NAFLD patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Cinque
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Annalisa Cespiati
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Rosa Lombardi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-503-3784
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maffi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesca Alletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Lucia Colavolpe
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Paolo Francione
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Giovanna Oberti
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Erika Fatta
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Cristina Bertelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Giordano Sigon
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.); (P.F.); (G.O.); (E.F.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (P.D.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.)
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Ramos MJ, Bandiera L, Menolascina F, Fallowfield JA. In vitro models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Emerging platforms and their applications. iScience 2022; 25:103549. [PMID: 34977507 PMCID: PMC8689151 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare challenge, affecting 1 in 4 adults, and death rates are predicted to rise inexorably. The progressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no medical treatments are licensed for NAFLD-NASH. Identifying efficacious therapies has been hindered by the complexity of disease pathogenesis, a paucity of predictive preclinical models and inadequate validation of pharmacological targets in humans. The development of clinically relevant in vitro models of the disease will pave the way to overcome these challenges. Currently, the combined application of emerging technologies (e.g., organ-on-a-chip/microphysiological systems) and control engineering approaches promises to unravel NAFLD biology and deliver tractable treatment candidates. In this review, we will describe advances in preclinical models for NAFLD-NASH, the recent introduction of novel technologies in this space, and their importance for drug discovery endeavors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez Ramos
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lucia Bandiera
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.,Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Filippo Menolascina
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.,Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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83
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Ramos MJ, Bandiera L, Menolascina F, Fallowfield JA. In vitro models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Emerging platforms and their applications. iScience 2022; 25:103549. [PMID: 34977507 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare challenge, affecting 1 in 4 adults, and death rates are predicted to rise inexorably. The progressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no medical treatments are licensed for NAFLD-NASH. Identifying efficacious therapies has been hindered by the complexity of disease pathogenesis, a paucity of predictive preclinical models and inadequate validation of pharmacological targets in humans. The development of clinically relevant in vitro models of the disease will pave the way to overcome these challenges. Currently, the combined application of emerging technologies (e.g., organ-on-a-chip/microphysiological systems) and control engineering approaches promises to unravel NAFLD biology and deliver tractable treatment candidates. In this review, we will describe advances in preclinical models for NAFLD-NASH, the recent introduction of novel technologies in this space, and their importance for drug discovery endeavors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez Ramos
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lucia Bandiera
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Filippo Menolascina
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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84
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The Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031042. [PMID: 35162067 PMCID: PMC8834479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels are risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, previous studies have suggested that high SUA levels increase the risk of having NAFLD. However, no study has investigated the relationship between SUA and CVD risk in NAFLD. This study analyzed the relationship between SUA and CVD in NAFLD. Data for this study used the 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which represents the Korean population. A total of 11,160 NAFLD patients were included. Participants with hepatic steatosis index ≥ 30 were considered to have NAFLD. Ten-year CVD risk was estimated using an integer-based Framingham risk score. Estimated 10-year CVD risk ≥ 20% was considered high risk. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) associated with SUA level and CVD risk. High CVD risk OR increases by 1.31 (95% CI 1.26–1.37) times per 1 mg/dL of SUA. After adjustment, SUA still had an increased risk (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.38–1.51) of CVD. Compared with the lowest SUA quartile group, the highest quartile group showed a significantly higher risk of having CVD before (OR 2.76; 95% CI 2.34–3.25) and after (OR 4.01; 95% CI 3.37–4.78) adjustment. SUA is independently associated with CVS risk in NAFLD.
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85
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Spiers J, Brindley JH, Li W, Alazawi W. What's new in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? Frontline Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e102-e108. [PMID: 35812024 PMCID: PMC9234732 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 25% in the Western World. NAFLD is a broad spectrum of disease states and while most people with NAFLD do not have progressive disease, 10-20% of patients develop histological features of inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis and its complications. Despite this large disease burden of significant clinical impact, most people living with NAFLD are undiagnosed, disease course prediction is imprecise and there are no treatments licensed for this condition. In this review, we discuss some of the recent developments in NAFLD, focusing on disease definition and diagnosis, risk stratification and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Spiers
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - James Hallimond Brindley
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Wenhao Li
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
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86
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Duvivier V, Creusot S, Broux O, Helbert A, Lesage L, Moreau K, Lesueur N, Gerard L, Lemaitre K, Provost N, Hubert EL, Baltauss T, Brzustowski A, De Preville N, Geronimi J, Adoux L, Letourneur F, Hammoutene A, Valla D, Paradis V, Delerive P. Characterization and Pharmacological Validation of a Preclinical Model of NASH in Göttingen Minipigs. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:293-305. [PMID: 35535064 PMCID: PMC9077241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, which is associated with features of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD may progress in a subset of patients into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver injury resulting ultimately in cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. Today, there is no approved treatment for NASH due to, at least in part, the lack of preclinical models recapitulating features of human disease. Here, we report the development of a dietary model of NASH in the Göttingen minipig. Methods First, we performed a longitudinal characterization of diet-induced NASH and fibrosis using biochemical, histological, and transcriptional analyses. We then evaluated the pharmacological response to Obeticholic acid (OCA) treatment for 8 weeks at 2.5mg/kg/d, a dose matching its active clinical exposure. Results Serial histological examinations revealed a rapid installation of NASH driven by massive steatosis and inflammation, including evidence of ballooning. Furthermore, we found the progressive development of both perisinusoidal and portal fibrosis reaching fibrotic septa after 6 months of diet. Histological changes were mechanistically supported by well-defined gene signatures identified by RNA Seq analysis. While treatment with OCA was well tolerated throughout the study, it did not improve liver dysfunction nor NASH progression. By contrast, OCA treatment resulted in a significant reduction in diet-induced fibrosis in this model. Conclusions These results, taken together, indicate that the diet-induced NASH in the Göttingen minipig recapitulates most of the features of human NASH and may be a model with improved translational value to prioritize drug candidates toward clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Duvivier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Stéphanie Creusot
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Broux
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Aurélie Helbert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Ludovic Lesage
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Kevin Moreau
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Lesueur
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Lindsay Gerard
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Karine Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Provost
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Edwige-Ludiwyne Hubert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Tania Baltauss
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Nathalie De Preville
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Julia Geronimi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Lucie Adoux
- GenomIC Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- GenomIC Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Adel Hammoutene
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valla
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service D'Hépatologie, DMU DIGEST, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Du Foie, FILFOIE, ERN RARE-LIVER, Centre de Recherche sur L'inflammation, Inserm, UMR, Paris, 1149, France
| | | | - Philippe Delerive
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Address for correspondence. Philippe Delerive, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Institut de Recherches Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux, Suresnes, 92150, France.
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87
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Association between rs738408, rs738409 and rs139051polymorphisms in PNPLA3 gene and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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88
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Cherubini A, Casirati E, Tomasi M, Valenti L. PNPLA3 as a therapeutic target for fatty liver disease: the evidence to date. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1033-1043. [PMID: 34904923 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2018418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An interaction between metabolic triggers and inherited predisposition underpins the development and progression of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fatty liver disease in general. Among the specific NAFLD risk variants, PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G, encoding for the p.I148M protein variant, accounts for the largest fraction of liver disease heritability and is being intensively scrutinized. It promotes intrahepatic lipid accumulation and is associated with lipotoxicity and the more severe phenotypes, including fibrosis and carcinogenesis. Therefore, PNPLA3 appears as an appealing therapeutic target to counter NAFLD progression. AREAS COVERED The scope of this review is to briefly describe the PNPLA3 gene and protein function before discussing therapeutic approaches for fatty liver aiming at this target. Literature review was carried out searching through PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov website and focusing on the most recent works and reviews. EXPERT OPINION The main therapeutic strategies under development for NAFLD have shown variable efficacy and side-effects likely due to disease heterogeneity and lack of engagement of the main pathogenic drivers of liver disease. To overcome these limitations, new strategies are becoming available for targeting PNPLA3 p.I148M, responsible for a large fraction of disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cherubini
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione Irccs Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Casirati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa Tomasi
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione Irccs Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione Irccs Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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89
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Rady B, Nishio T, Dhar D, Liu X, Erion M, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA, Pocai A. PNPLA3 downregulation exacerbates the fibrotic response in human hepatic stellate cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260721. [PMID: 34879108 PMCID: PMC8654208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) results, in part, from the interaction of metabolic derangements with predisposing genetic variants, leading to liver-related complications and mortality. The strongest genetic determinant is a highly prevalent missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3 p.I148M). In human liver hepatocytes PNPLA3 localizes to the surface of lipid droplets where the mutant form is believed to enhance lipid accumulation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Less is known about the role of PNPLA3 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here we characterized HSC obtained from patients carrying the wild type (n = 8 C/C) and the heterozygous (n = 6, C/G) or homozygous (n = 6, G/G) PNPLA3 I148M and investigated the effect of genotype and PNPLA3 downregulation on baseline and TGF-β-stimulated fibrotic gene expression. HSCs from all genotypes showed comparable baseline levels of PNPLA3 and expression of the fibrotic genes α-SMA, COL1A1, TIMP1 and SMAD7. Treatment with TGF-β increased PNPLA3 expression in all 3 genotypes (~2-fold) and resulted in similar stimulation of the expression of several fibrogenic genes. In primary human HSCs carrying wild-type (WT) PNPLA3, siRNA treatment reduced PNPLA3 mRNA by 79% resulting in increased expression of α-SMA, Col1a1, TIMP1, and SMAD7 in cells stimulated with TGF-β. Similarly, knock-down of PNPLA3 in HSCs carrying either C/G or G/G genotypes resulted in potentiation of TGF-β induced expression of fibrotic genes. Knockdown of PNPLA3 did not impact fibrotic gene expression in the absence of TGF-β treatment. Together, these data indicate that the presence of the I148M PNPLA3 mutation in HSC has no effect on baseline activation and that downregulation of PNPLA3 exacerbates the fibrotic response irrespective of the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Rady
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark Erion
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, United States of America
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90
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Zhang C, Yang M. Targeting T Cell Subtypes for NAFLD and NAFLD-Related HCC Treatment: An Opinion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:789859. [PMID: 34869507 PMCID: PMC8637206 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.789859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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91
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Valenti LVC, Cherubini A. To Be or Not to Be: The Quest for Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 3 p.I148M Function. Hepatology 2021; 74:2942-2944. [PMID: 34383326 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca V C Valenti
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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92
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in PNPLA3, ADAR-1 and IFIH1 are associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients co-infected with HIV-1//hepatitis C virus. AIDS 2021; 35:2497-2502. [PMID: 34482352 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and liver fibrosis are prevalent in individuals co-infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1)/hepatitis C virus (HCV), even after HCV eradication. Our aim was to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with advanced liver fibrosis in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients. DESIGN/METHODS In a cohort of 102 participants, we genotyped 16 SNPs in 10 genes previously associated with NAFLD and the innate immune response and correlated the genotypes with liver fibrosis and fat accumulation. RESULTS Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified three metabolic parameters that were significantly associated with advanced liver fibrosis (stage F3-F4): albumin [odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.91, P = 0.001], percentage of visceral fat area (PVFA) (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12, P = 0.03) and BMI (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.77, P < 0.0001). After adjustment for sex, albumin, PVFA and BMI, we found that three SNPs were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis, one each in PNPLA3/rs738409 (P = 0.016), ADAR-1/rs1127313 (P = 0.029) and IFIH1/rs1990760 (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that genotyping for these SNPs can be a useful predictive tool for liver fibrosis progression and liver fat accumulation in patients co-infected with HIV-1/HCV.
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93
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Fiorucci S, Distrutti E. Linking liver metabolic and vascular disease via bile acid signaling. Trends Mol Med 2021; 28:51-66. [PMID: 34815180 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder affecting over one quarter of the global population. Liver fat accumulation in NAFLD is promoted by increased de novo lipogenesis leading to the development of a proatherosclerotic lipid profile and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The CVD component of NAFLD is the main determinant of patient outcome. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein bile acid-activated receptor 1 (GPBAR1) are bile acid-activated receptors that modulate inflammation and lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver and CV system, and are thus potential therapeutic targets. We review bile acid signaling in liver, metabolic tissues, and the CV system, and we propose the development of dual FXR/GPBAR1 ligands, intestine-restricted FXR ligands, or statin combinations to limit side effects and effectively manage the liver and CV components of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- Struttura Complessa di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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94
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Pastori D, Sciacqua A, Marcucci R, Del Ben M, Baratta F, Violi F, Pignatelli P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation. A prospective multicenter cohort study. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:2063-2068. [PMID: 33713286 PMCID: PMC8563662 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) independently from metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still matter of debate. Aim of the study was to investigate the risk of CVEs in a high-risk population of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) according to the presence of MetS and NAFLD. Prospective observational multicenter study including 1,735 patients with non-valvular AF treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). NAFLD was defined by a fatty liver index ≥ 60. We categorized patients in 4 groups: 0 = neither MetS or NAFLD (38.6%), 1 = NAFLD alone (12.4%), 2 = MetS alone (19.3%), 3 = both MetS and NAFLD (29.7%). Primary endpoint was a composite of CVEs. Mean age was 75.4 ± 9.4 years, and 41.4% of patients were women. During a mean follow-up of 34.1 ± 22.8 months (4,926.8 patient-years), 155 CVEs were recorded (incidence rate of 3.1%/year): 55 occurred in Group 0 (2.92%/year), 12 in Group 1 (2.17%/year), 45 in Group 2 (4.58%/year) and 43 in Group 3 (2.85%/year). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that use of DOACs, and female sex were inversely associated with CVEs, whilst age, heart failure, previous cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and group 2 (Group 2, Hazard Ratio 1.517, 95% Confidence Interval, 1.010-2.280) were directly associated with CVEs. In patients with AF, MetS increases the risk of CVEs. Patients with NAFLD alone have lower cardiovascular risk but may experience higher liver-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Baratta
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
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95
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Chen LJ, Lin XX, Guo J, Xu Y, Zhang SX, Chen D, Zhao Q, Xiao J, Lian GH, Peng SF, Guo D, Yang H, Shu Y, Zhou HH, Zhang W, Chen Y. Lrp6 Genotype affects Individual Susceptibility to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Silibinin Therapeutic Response via Wnt/β-catenin-Cyp2e1 Signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3936-3953. [PMID: 34671210 PMCID: PMC8495406 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious threat to human health worldwide, with a high genetic susceptibility. Rs2302685, a functional germline variant of LRP6, has been recently found to associate with NAFLD risk. This study was aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism associated with rs2302685 risk and its impact on pharmacotherapy in treatment of NAFLD. Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from NAFLD and non-NAFLD patients for SNP genotyping by using mass spectrometry. The Lrp6-floxdel mouse (Lrp6(+/-)) was generated to model the partial function associated with human rs2302685. The liver injury and therapeutic effects of silibinin were compared between Lrp6(+/-) and Lrp6(+/+) mice received a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet or normal diet. The effect of Lrp6 functional alteration on Wnt/β-catenin-Cyp2e1 signaling activities was evaluated by a series of cellular and molecular assays. Results: The T allele of LRP6 rs2302685 was confirmed to associate with a higher risk of NAFLD in human subjects. The carriers of rs2302685 had reduced level of AST and ALT as compared with the noncarriers. The Lrp6(+/-) mice exhibited a less severe liver injury induced by MCD but a reduced response to the treatment of silibinin in comparison to the Lrp6(+/+) mice, suggesting Lrp6 as a target of silibinin. Wnt/β-catenin-Cyp2e1 signaling together with ROS generation could be exacerbated by the overexpression of Lrp6, while decreased in response to Lrp6 siRNA or silibinin treatment under NAFLD modeling. Conclusions: The Lrp6 function affects individual susceptibility to NAFLD and the therapeutic effect of silibinin through the Wnt/β-catenin-Cyp2e1 signaling pathway. The present work has provided an underlying mechanism for human individual susceptibility to NAFLD associated with Lrp6 polymorphisms as well as a rationale for the effective use of silibinin in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Xian Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Song-Xia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Lian
- Department of gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Fang Peng
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. USA
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. USA
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
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96
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Vilarinho S, Ajmera V, Zheng M, Loomba R. Emerging Role of Genomic Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Lean Individuals With NAFLD. Hepatology 2021; 74:2241-2250. [PMID: 34233030 PMCID: PMC8463418 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related with the global obesity epidemic, up to 10–20% of individuals with NAFLD are lean as defined by a body mass index of < 25 kg/m2, or < 23 kg/m2 in Asians. This entity designated as “lean NAFLD” is estimated to affect 8 to 10 million individuals in the United States alone. Here, we review the emerging data on the epidemiology, natural history and prognosis of lean NAFLD and put forward a diagnostic approach that combines detailed clinical phenotyping with genomic analysis. We propose two subtypes of lean NAFLD referred to as type 1: individuals with visceral adiposity and insulin resistance but normal BMI; and type 2: lean individuals with hepatic steatosis secondary to a known or unknown monogenic disease. We envision that incorporation of genomic analysis in the diagnostic algorithm of lean patients with NAFLD will elucidate the contribution of common genetic variants through the calculation of NAFLD polygenic risk score and also characterize the diverse array of rare monogenic diseases that can lead to triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Collectively, the integration of a molecular diagnosis in the clinical evaluation of patients with lean NAFLD will provide an accurate diagnosis, with possible targeted therapies and may uncover novel molecular mechanisms with potential broader therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vilarinho
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Veeral Ajmera
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Zheng
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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97
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Bianco C, Tavaglione F, Romeo S, Valenti L. Genetic risk scores and personalization of care in fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:6-11. [PMID: 34537584 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and metabolic comorbidities concur to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Improvement in risk stratification and development of effective therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are key unmet clinical needs. Knowledge emerging from genomics could meet this need. A polygenic risk score (PRS) is calculated by summing the number of trait-associated alleles carried by an individual, which can be weighted by their effect size on the trait and captures the individual's genetic risk to develop a disease. In this review, we focalize on the potential use of PRSs for disease detection at an early stage and stratification of the risk of progression to severe forms. PRSs may represent robust instruments to implement targeted prevention programs, hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in at-risk individuals, and to develop precision medicine therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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98
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Pennisi G, Pipitone RM, Cammà C, Di Marco V, Di Martino V, Spatola F, Zito R, Craxì A, Grimaudo S, Petta S. PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G Variant Predicts Fibrosis Progression by Noninvasive Tools in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:1979-1981. [PMID: 32898706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the main predictor of events in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),1 and its evolution is characterized by a nonlinear trend2,3 mostly affected by metabolic risk factors, severity of liver inflammation and steatosis, and weight loss.3 The rs738409 C>G common variant in PNPLA3 gene has been associated with severity of fibrosis and risk of liver-related events in NAFLD.4,5 Noninvasive tests as Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) are useful to rule-out advanced fibrosis and they could be reliable to predict fibrosis progression.2,6 We aimed to evaluate in patients with NAFLD whether PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G variant impacts on fibrosis progression, noninvasively assessed by FIB-4 and LSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Maria Pipitone
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Martino
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Spatola
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Zito
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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99
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Sunami Y, Rebelo A, Kleeff J. Lipid Droplet-Associated Factors, PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B Proteins in Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174391. [PMID: 34503201 PMCID: PMC8431307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism are both associated with the development and progression of pancreatic and liver cancer. Most cells store fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets. Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that not only store neutral lipids, but also play roles as molecular messengers and signaling factors. Some cancer cells accumulate massive amount of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated factors are further implicated to mediate proliferation, invasion, metastasis, as well as chemotherapy resistance in several types of cancer. This review dissected recent findings on the role of several lipid droplet-associated factors, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B) 11 and 13 as well as their genetic variations in hepatopancreatobiliary diseases, especially cancer. Abstract Pancreatic and liver cancer are leading causes of cancer deaths, and by 2030, they are projected to become the second and the third deadliest cancer respectively. Cancer metabolism, especially lipid metabolism, plays an important role in progression and metastasis of many types of cancer, including pancreatic and liver cancer. Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, but also act as molecular messengers, and signaling factors. It is becoming increasingly evident that alterations in the regulation of lipid droplets and their associated factors influence the risk of developing not only metabolic disease but also fibrosis and cancer. In the current review article, we summarized recent findings concerning the roles of lipid droplet-associated factors, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3, Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11 and 13 as well as genetic variants in pancreatic and hepatic diseases. A better understanding of cancer type- and cell type-specific roles of lipid droplet-associated factors is important for establishing new therapeutic options in the future.
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100
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Chen LJ, Guo J, Zhang SX, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Zhang W, Xiao J, Chen Y. Sirtuin3 rs28365927 functional variant confers to the high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese Han population. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:92. [PMID: 34446002 PMCID: PMC8390275 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial condition associated with aging, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, genetic factors and more. Although genetic traits are among the most important risks factors for NAFLD, the understanding of their influence is still quite limited. The present study aimed at identifying novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may confer a risk for NAFLD in the Han Chinese population. Methods Based on the “two-hit hypothesis”, candidate SNPs, including Sirtuin3 rs28365927, were genotyped by MassARRAY in B-type ultrasonography-proven NAFLD patients (n = 292) and healthy controls (n = 387). Results In a model analysis of individuals matched based on gender and age that compared 223 NAFLD and 223 non-NAFLD patients, the rs28365927 GA + AA genotype was a significant risk factor for the development of NAFLD in a dominant model. Rs28365927 was significantly associated with a higher NAFLD risk in both an additive model (A vs G) and genotypic model (GA vs GG). Among the NAFLD patients, serum levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), DBIL direct bilirubin (DBIL) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) in rs28365927 A allele carriers (GA + AA) were 11.1, 14.7 and 41.5% higher, respectively, than in non-carriers (GG). Furthermore, among the NAFLD patients, the carriers of Rs28365927 allele A were positively correlated with higher ALT levels. Conclusion Sirtuin3 rs28365927 functional variant confers to the high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese Han population. The rs28365927 A allele significantly increased the ALT levels of NAFLD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01520-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Song-Xia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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