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Movahedi A, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Li H, Zhuge Q, Sun W. CRISPR Variants for Gene Editing in Plants: Biosafety Risks and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16241. [PMID: 38003431 PMCID: PMC10671001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR genome editing technology is a crucial tool for enabling revolutionary advancements in plant genetic improvement. This review shows the latest developments in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system variants, discussing their benefits and limitations for plant improvement. While this technology presents immense opportunities for plant breeding, it also raises serious biosafety concerns that require careful consideration, including potential off-target effects and the unintended transfer of modified genes to other organisms. This paper highlights strategies to mitigate biosafety risks and explores innovative plant gene editing detection methods. Our review investigates the international biosafety guidelines for gene-edited crops, analyzing their broad implications for agricultural and biotechnology research and advancement. We hope to provide illuminating and refined perspectives for industry practitioners and policymakers by evaluating CRISPR genome enhancement in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Movahedi
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Biological Control Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19858-13111, Iran
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Xin L, Tan Y, Zhu Y, Cui X, Wang Q, Zhao J, Tian S, Xu C, Xiao M, Hong B, Xu J, Yuan X, Wang C, Kang C, Fang C. EPIC-0307-mediated selective disruption of PRADX-EZH2 interaction and enhancement of temozolomide sensitivity to glioblastoma via inhibiting DNA repair and MGMT. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1976-1988. [PMID: 37279651 PMCID: PMC10628965 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) has been limited by resistance. The level of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and intrinsic DNA damage repair factors are important for the TMZ response in patients. Here, we reported a novel compound, called EPIC-0307, that increased TMZ sensitivity by inhibiting specific DNA damage repair proteins and MGMT expression. METHODS EPIC-0307 was derived by molecular docking screening. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation by RNA (ChIRP) assays were used to verify the blocking effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed to explore the mechanism of EPIC-0307. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were designed to evaluate the efficacy of EPIC-0307 in sensitizing GBM cells to TMZ. RESULTS EPIC-0307 selectively disrupted the binding of PRADX to EZH2 and upregulated the expression of P21 and PUMA, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in GBM cells. EPIC-0307 exhibited a synergistic inhibitory effect on GBM when combined with TMZ by downregulating TMZ-induced DNA damage repair responses and epigenetically silencing MGMT expression through modulating the recruitment of ATF3-pSTAT3-HDAC1 regulatory complex to the MGMT promoter. EPIC-0307 demonstrated significant efficacy in suppressing the tumorigenesis of GBM cells, restoring TMZ sensitivity. CONCLUSION This study identified a potential small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) EPIC-0307 that selectively disrupted the PRADX-EZH2 interaction to upregulate expressions of tumor suppressor genes, thereby exerting its antitumor effects on GBM cells. EPIC-0307 treatment also increased the chemotherapeutic efficacy of TMZ by epigenetically downregulating DNA repair-associate genes and MGMT expression in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Baoding 071000, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuanxue Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shaohui Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Biao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianglong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaoye Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
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Shirvalilou S, Tavangari Z, Parsaei MH, Sargazi S, Sheervalilou R, Shirvaliloo M, Ghaznavi H, Khoei S. The future opportunities and remaining challenges in the application of nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia combined with chemo-radiotherapy in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1922. [PMID: 37778031 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A pivotal cause of death in the modern world, cancer is an insidious pathology that should be diagnosed at an early stage for successful treatment. Development of therapeutic interventions with minimal invasiveness and high efficacy that can discriminate between tumor and normal cells is of particular interest to the clinical science, as they can enhance patient survival. Nanoparticles are an invaluable asset that can be adopted for development of such diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, since they come in very small sizes with modifiable surface, are highly safe and stable, and can be synthesized in a controlled fashion. To date, different nanoparticles have been incorporated into numerous modalities such as tumor-targeted therapy, thermal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. This review article seeks to deliver a brief account of recent advances in research and application of nanoparticles in hyperthermia-based cancer therapies. The most recent investigations are summarized to highlight the latest advances in the development of combined thermo-chemo-radiotherapy, along with the challenges associated with the application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Shirvalilou
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahed Tavangari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Parsaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nepalia A, Fernandes SE, Singh H, Rana S, Saini DK. Anti-microbial resistance and aging-A design for evolution. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1626. [PMID: 37553220 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to anti-infective agents poses a significant threat to successfully treating infections caused by bacteria. Bacteria acquire random mutations due to exposure to environmental stresses, which may increase their fitness to other selection pressures. Interestingly, for bacteria, the frequency of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) seems to be increasing in tandem with the human lifespan. Based on evidence from previous literature, we speculate that increased levels of free radicals (Reactive Oxygen Species-ROS and Reactive Nitrosative Species-RNS), elevated inflammation, and the altered tissue microenvironment in aged individuals may drive pathogen mutagenesis. If these mutations result in the hyperactivation of efflux pumps or alteration in drug target binding sites, it could confer AMR, thus rendering antibiotic therapy ineffective while leading to the selection of novel drug-resistant variants. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors Metabolic Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Nepalia
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sheryl Erica Fernandes
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Rana
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, and Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Ribeiro JH, Altinisik N, Rajan N, Verslegers M, Baatout S, Gopalakrishnan J, Quintens R. DNA damage and repair: underlying mechanisms leading to microcephaly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268565. [PMID: 37881689 PMCID: PMC10597653 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents and endogenous DNA damage constantly harm genome integrity. Under genotoxic stress conditions, the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery is crucial in repairing lesions and preventing mutations in the basic structure of the DNA. Different repair pathways are implicated in the resolution of such lesions. For instance, the non-homologous DNA end joining and homologous recombination pathways are central cellular mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells maintain genome integrity. However, defects in these pathways are often associated with neurological disorders, indicating the pivotal role of DDR in normal brain development. Moreover, the brain is the most sensitive organ affected by DNA-damaging agents compared to other tissues during the prenatal period. The accumulation of lesions is believed to induce cell death, reduce proliferation and premature differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells, and reduce brain size (microcephaly). Microcephaly is mainly caused by genetic mutations, especially genes encoding proteins involved in centrosomes and DNA repair pathways. However, it can also be induced by exposure to ionizing radiation and intrauterine infections such as the Zika virus. This review explains mammalian cortical development and the major DNA repair pathways that may lead to microcephaly when impaired. Next, we discuss the mechanisms and possible exposures leading to DNA damage and p53 hyperactivation culminating in microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Honorato Ribeiro
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nazlican Altinisik
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas Rajan
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Laboratory for Centrosome and Cytoskeleton Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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El‐Kamand S, Adams MN, Matthews JM, Du Plessis M, Crossett B, Connolly A, Breen N, Dudley A, Richard DJ, Gamsjaeger R, Cubeddu L. The molecular details of a novel phosphorylation-dependent interaction between MRN and the SOSS complex. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4782. [PMID: 37705456 PMCID: PMC10521234 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination is crucial in the maintenance of genome integrity. While the key role of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex in repair is well known, hSSB1 (SOSSB and OBFC2B), one of the main components of the sensor of single-stranded DNA (SOSS) protein complex, has also been shown to rapidly localize to DSB breaks and promote repair. We have previously demonstrated that hSSB1 binds directly to Nbs1, a component of the MRN complex, in a DNA damage-independent manner. However, recruitment of the MRN complex has also been demonstrated by an interaction between Integrator Complex Subunit 3 (INTS3; also known as SOSSA), another member of the SOSS complex, and Nbs1. In this study, we utilize a combined approach of in silico, biochemical, and functional experiments to uncover the molecular details of INTS3 binding to Nbs1. We demonstrate that the forkhead-associated domain of Nbs1 interacts with INTS3 via phosphorylation-dependent binding to INTS3 at Threonine 592, with contributions from Serine 590. Based on these data, we propose a model of MRN recruitment to a DSB via INTS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene El‐Kamand
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark N. Adams
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthTranslational Research Institute, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jacqueline M. Matthews
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass SpectrometryUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Angela Connolly
- Sydney Mass SpectrometryUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Natasha Breen
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alexander Dudley
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthTranslational Research Institute, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Roland Gamsjaeger
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Liza Cubeddu
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Tabassum T, Pietrogrande G, Healy M, Wolvetang EJ. CRISPR-Cas9 Direct Fusions for Improved Genome Editing via Enhanced Homologous Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14701. [PMID: 37834150 PMCID: PMC10572186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair in mammalian cells involves the coordinated action of a range of complex cellular repair machinery. Our understanding of these DNA repair processes has advanced to the extent that they can be leveraged to improve the efficacy and precision of Cas9-assisted genome editing tools. Here, we review how the fusion of CRISPR-Cas9 to functional domains of proteins that directly or indirectly impact the DNA repair process can enhance genome editing. Such studies have allowed the development of diverse technologies that promote efficient gene knock-in for safer genome engineering practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Tabassum
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Pietrogrande
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Michael Healy
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Ernst J. Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.T.); (G.P.)
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Eldash S, Sanad EF, Nada D, Hamdy NM. The Intergenic Type LncRNA (LINC RNA) Faces in Cancer with In Silico Scope and a Directed Lens to LINC00511: A Step toward ncRNA Precision. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:58. [PMID: 37888204 PMCID: PMC10610215 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long intergenic non-coding RNA, is one type of lncRNA, exerting various cellular activities, as does ncRNA, including the regulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. The abnormal expression of lincRNAs can induce or suppress carcinogenesis. MAIN BODY LincRNAs can regulate cancer progression through different mechanisms and are considered as potential drug targets. Genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lincRNAs may affect gene expression and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) stability. SNPs in lincRNAs have been found to be associated with different types of cancer, as well. Specifically, LINC00511 has been known to promote the progression of multiple malignancies such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and others, making it a promising cancer prognostic molecular marker. CONCLUSION LincRNAs have been proved to be associated with different cancer types through various pathways. Herein, we performed a comprehensive literature and in silico databases search listing lncRNAs, lincRNAs including LINC00511, lncRNAs' SNPs, as well as LINC00511 SNPs in different cancer types, focusing on their role in various cancer types and mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Eldash
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (S.E.)
| | - Eman F. Sanad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Dina Nada
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (S.E.)
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Chatzipapas K, Dordevic M, Zivkovic S, Tran NH, Lampe N, Sakata D, Petrovic I, Ristic-Fira A, Shin WG, Zein S, Brown JMC, Kyriakou I, Emfietzoglou D, Guatelli S, Incerti S. Geant4-DNA simulation of human cancer cells irradiation with helium ion beams. Phys Med 2023; 112:102613. [PMID: 37356419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a computational environment for the accurate simulation of human cancer cell irradiation using Geant4-DNA. New cell geometrical models were developed and irradiated by alpha particle beams to induce DNA damage. The proposed approach may help further investigation of the benefits of external alpha irradiation therapy. METHODS The Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit allows the simulation of cancer cell geometries that can be combined with accurate modelling of physical, physicochemical and chemical stages of liquid water irradiation, including radiolytic processes. Geant4-DNA is used to calculate direct and non-direct DNA damage yields, such as single and double strand breaks, produced by the deposition of energy or by the interaction of DNA with free radicals. RESULTS In this study, the "molecularDNA" example application of Geant4-DNA was used to quantify early DNA damage in human cancer cells upon irradiation with alpha particle beams, as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). The MC simulation results are compared to experimental data, as well as previously published simulation data. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data on DSB yields in the lower LET range, while the experimental data on DSB yields are lower than the results obtained with the "molecularDNA" example in the higher LET range. CONCLUSION This study explored and demonstrated the possibilities of the Geant4-DNA toolkit together with the "molecularDNA" example to simulate the helium beam irradiation of cancer cell lines, to quantify the early DNA damage, or even the following DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sara Zivkovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ngoc Hoang Tran
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2i, UMR5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | | | - Dousatsu Sakata
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ivan Petrovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ristic-Fira
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wook-Geun Shin
- Physics Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114 MA, USA
| | - Sara Zein
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2i, UMR5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Jeremy M C Brown
- Optical Sciences Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn 3122, Australia
| | - Ioanna Kyriakou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Emfietzoglou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sebastien Incerti
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2i, UMR5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
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Ghosh Chowdhury S, Ray R, Karmakar P. Relating aging and autophagy: a new perspective towards the welfare of human health. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:732-748. [PMID: 37662706 PMCID: PMC10471842 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The most common factor that contributes to aging is the loss of proteostasis, resulting in an excess amount of non-functional/damaged proteins. These proteins lead to various age-associated phenotypes such as cellular senescence and dysfunction in the nutrient-sensing pathways. Despite the various factors that can contribute to aging, it is still a process that can be changed. According to recent advances in the field of biology, the ability to alter the pathways that are involved in aging can improve the lifespan of a person. Autophagy is a process that helps in preserving survival during stressful situations, such as starvation. It is a common component of various anti-aging interventions, including those that target the insulin/IGF-1 and rapamycin signaling pathways. It has been shown that altered autophagy is a common feature of old age and its impaired regulation could have significant effects on the aging process. This review aims to look into the role of autophagy in aging and how it can be used to improve one's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachayeeta Ray
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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Wang X, Inman P, Bible A, Davern SM, Agasthya G. Unsupervised Deep Learning Image Segmentation for DNA Double Strand Breaks and Nuclei in Fluorescence Microscopy Images. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1103-1105. [PMID: 37613296 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Paul Inman
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Amber Bible
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Rouhi L, Cheedipudi SM, Cathcart B, Gurha P, Marian AJ. Cytosolic DNA sensing protein pathway is activated in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:32. [PMID: 37577061 PMCID: PMC10421632 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The genome is constantly exposed to numerous stressors, which induce DNA lesions, including double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). DSBs are the most dangerous, as they induce genomic instability. In response to DNA damage, the cell activates nuclear DNA damage response (DDR) and the cytosolic DNA sensing protein (CDSP) pathways, the latter upon release of the DSBs to the cytosol. The CDSP pathway activates NFκB and IRF3, which induce the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes. There is scant data on the activation of the CDSP pathway in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Aim We aimed to determine expression levels of selected components of the CDSP pathway in human hearts with DCM. Methods The DNA strand breaks were detected by the single-cell gel electrophoresis or the comet assay and expression of selected proteins by immunoblotting. Transcript levels were quantified in the RNA-Seq data. Results Single-cell gel electrophoresis showed an approximately 2-fold increase in the number of COMET cells in the DCM hearts. Immunoblotting showed increased levels of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS), the canonical CDSP; TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an intermediary kinase in the pathway; and RELB, P52, and P50 components of the NFκB pathway in human heart samples from patients with DCM. Likewise, transcript levels of over 2 dozen genes involved in inflammatory responses were increased. Conclusions The findings provide the first set of evidence for the activation of the CDSP pathway in human hearts with DCM. The data in conjunction with the previous evidence of activation of the DDR pathway implicate the DSBs in the pathogenesis of human DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rouhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center. Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Sirisha M Cheedipudi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center. Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Cathcart
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center. Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center. Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center. Houston TX 77030, USA
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Jun YW, Kant M, Coskun E, Kato TA, Jaruga P, Palafox E, Dizdaroglu M, Kool ET. Possible Genetic Risks from Heat-Damaged DNA in Food. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1170-1179. [PMID: 37396864 PMCID: PMC10311654 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of foods prepared at high temperatures has been associated with numerous health risks. To date, the chief identified source of risk has been small molecules produced in trace levels by cooking and reacting with healthy DNA upon consumption. Here, we considered whether the DNA in food itself also presents a hazard. We hypothesize that high-temperature cooking may cause significant damage to the DNA in food, and this damage might find its way into cellular DNA by metabolic salvage. We tested cooked and raw foods and found high levels of hydrolytic and oxidative damage to all four DNA bases upon cooking. Exposing cultured cells to damaged 2'-deoxynucleosides (particularly pyrimidines) resulted in elevated DNA damage and repair responses in the cells. Feeding a deaminated 2'-deoxynucleoside (2'-deoxyuridine), and DNA containing it, to mice resulted in substantial uptake into intestinal genomic DNA and promoted double-strand chromosomal breaks there. The results suggest the possibility of a previously unrecognized pathway whereby high-temperature cooking may contribute to genetic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melis Kant
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department
of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth Palafox
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Sae-Khow K, Phuengmaung P, Issara-Amphorn J, Makjaroen J, Visitchanakun P, Boonmee A, Benjaskulluecha S, Palaga T, Leelahavanichkul A. Less Severe Polymicrobial Sepsis in Conditional mgmt-Deleted Mice Using LysM-Cre System, Impacts of DNA Methylation and MGMT Inhibitor in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10175. [PMID: 37373325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA suicide repair enzyme that might be important during sepsis but has never been explored. Then, the proteomic analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated wild-type (WT) macrophages increased proteasome proteins and reduced oxidative phosphorylation proteins compared with control, possibly related to cell injury. With LPS stimulation, mgmt null (mgmtflox/flox; LysM-Crecre/-) macrophages demonstrated less profound inflammation; supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and pro-inflammatory genes (iNOS and IL-1β), with higher DNA break (phosphohistone H2AX) and cell-free DNA, but not malondialdehyde (the oxidative stress), compared with the littermate control (mgmtflox/flox; LysM-Cre-/-). In parallel, mgmt null mice (MGMT loss only in the myeloid cells) demonstrated less severe sepsis in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model (with antibiotics), as indicated by survival and other parameters compared with sepsis in the littermate control. The mgmt null protective effect was lost in CLP mice without antibiotics, highlighting the importance of microbial control during sepsis immune modulation. However, an MGMT inhibitor in CLP with antibiotics in WT mice attenuated serum cytokines but not mortality, requiring further studies. In conclusion, an absence of mgmt in macrophages resulted in less severe CLP sepsis, implying a possible influence of guanine DNA methylation and repair in macrophages during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Salisa Benjaskulluecha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà A, Ghetti M, Ledda L, Ferrari A, Bocconcelli M, Padella A, Napolitano R, Fontana MC, Liverani C, Imbrogno E, Bochicchio MT, Paganelli M, Robustelli V, Sanogo S, Cerchione C, Fumagalli M, Rondoni M, Imovilli A, Musuraca G, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Exploring the ATR-CHK1 pathway in the response of doxorubicin-induced DNA damages in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:795-811. [PMID: 34519926 PMCID: PMC10406704 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most commonly used anthracyclines for the treatment of solid and hematological tumors such as B-/T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Dox compromises topoisomerase II enzyme functionality, thus inducing structural damages during DNA replication and causes direct damages intercalating into DNA double helix. Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damages by activating the ATM-CHK2 and/or ATR-CHK1 pathway, whose function is to regulate cell cycle progression, to promote damage repair, and to control apoptosis. We evaluated the efficacy of a new drug schedule combining Dox and specific ATR (VE-821) or CHK1 (prexasertib, PX) inhibitors in the treatment of human B-/T cell precursor ALL cell lines and primary ALL leukemic cells. We found that ALL cell lines respond to Dox activating the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Exposure of Dox-pretreated ALL cell lines to VE-821 or PX enhanced Dox cytotoxic effect. This phenomenon was associated with the abrogation of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint with changes in the expression pCDK1 and cyclin B1, and cell entry in mitosis, followed by the induction of apoptosis. Indeed, the inhibition of the G2/M checkpoint led to a significant increment of normal and aberrant mitotic cells, including those showing tripolar spindles, metaphases with lagging chromosomes, and massive chromosomes fragmentation. In conclusion, we found that the ATR-CHK1 pathway is involved in the response to Dox-induced DNA damages and we demonstrated that our new in vitro drug schedule that combines Dox followed by ATR/CHK1 inhibitors can increase Dox cytotoxicity against ALL cells, while using lower drug doses. • Doxorubicin activates the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. • ALL cells respond to doxorubicin-induced DNA damages by activating the ATR-CHK1 pathway. • The inhibition of the ATR-CHK1 pathway synergizes with doxorubicin in the induction of cytotoxicity in ALL cells. • The inhibition of ATR-CHK1 pathway induces aberrant chromosome segregation and mitotic spindle defects in doxorubicin-pretreated ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Martina Ghetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ledda
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Matteo Bocconcelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Fontana
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Enrica Imbrogno
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Seydou Sanogo
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Hematology Division and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Michela Rondoni
- Hematology Unit, Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Musuraca
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Via Piero Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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Dinh CT, Chen S, Nourbakhsh A, Padgett K, Johnson P, Goncalves S, Bracho O, Bas E, Bohorquez J, Monje PV, Fernandez-Valle C, Elsayyad N, Liu X, Welford SM, Telischi F. Single Fraction and Hypofractionated Radiation Cause Cochlear Damage, Hearing Loss, and Reduced Viability of Merlin-Deficient Schwann Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2818. [PMID: 37345155 PMCID: PMC10216287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign intracranial tumors caused by loss of function of the merlin tumor suppressor. We tested three hypotheses related to radiation, hearing loss (HL), and VS cell survival: (1) radiation causes HL by injuring auditory hair cells (AHC), (2) fractionation reduces radiation-induced HL, and (3) single fraction and equivalent appropriately dosed multi-fractions are equally effective at controlling VS growth. We investigated the effects of single fraction and hypofractionated radiation on hearing thresholds in rats, cell death pathways in rat cochleae, and viability of human merlin-deficient Schwann cells (MD-SC). METHODS Adult rats received cochlear irradiation with single fraction (0 to 18 Gray [Gy]) or hypofractionated radiation. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed for 24 weeks. AHC viabilities were determined using immunohistochemistry. Neonatal rat cochleae were harvested after irradiation, and gene- and cell-based assays were conducted. MD-SCs were irradiated, and viability assays and immunofluorescence for DNA damage and cell cycle markers were performed. RESULTS Radiation caused dose-dependent and progressive HL in rats and AHC losses by promoting expression of apoptosis-associated genes and proteins. When compared to 12 Gy single fraction, hypofractionation caused smaller ABR threshold and pure tone average shifts and was more effective at reducing MD-SC viability. CONCLUSIONS Investigations into the mechanisms of radiation ototoxicity and VS radiobiology will help determine optimal radiation regimens and identify potential therapies to mitigate radiation-induced HL and improve VS tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T. Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA (O.B.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA (O.B.)
| | - Kyle Padgett
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Perry Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA (O.B.)
| | - Olena Bracho
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA (O.B.)
| | - Esperanza Bas
- Department of Research Pharmacy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jorge Bohorquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Paula V. Monje
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Nagy Elsayyad
- Allina Health Cancer Institute—Radiation Oncology, St. Paul, MN 55102, USA
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA (O.B.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Scott M. Welford
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fred Telischi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA (O.B.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
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Prathiksha J, Narasimhamurthy RK, Dsouza HS, Mumbrekar KD. Organophosphate pesticide-induced toxicity through DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5465-5479. [PMID: 37155010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are widely used in agriculture, healthcare, and other industries due to their ability to kill pests. However, OPs can also have genotoxic effects on humans who are exposed to them. This review summarizes the research on DNA damage caused by OPs, the mechanisms behind this damage, and the resulting cellular effects. Even at low doses, OPs have been shown to damage DNA and cause cellular dysfunction. Common phenomena seen in cells that are exposed to OPs include the formation of DNA adducts and lesions, single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks, and DNA and protein inter and intra-cross-links. The present review will aid in comprehending the extent of genetic damage and the impact on DNA repair pathways caused by acute or chronic exposure to OPs. Additionally, understanding the mechanisms of the effects of OPs will aid in correlating them with various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Overall, knowledge of the potential adverse effects of different OPs will help in monitoring the health complications they may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyline Prathiksha
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Cullati SN, Zhang E, Shan Y, Guillen RX, Chen JS, Navarrete-Perea J, Elmore ZC, Ren L, Gygi SP, Gould KL. Fission yeast CK1 promotes DNA double-strand break repair through both homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538600. [PMID: 37162912 PMCID: PMC10168346 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The CK1 family are conserved serine/threonine kinases with numerous substrates and cellular functions. The fission yeast CK1 orthologues Hhp1 and Hhp2 were first characterized as regulators of DNA repair, but the mechanism(s) by which CK1 activity promotes DNA repair had not been investigated. Here, we found that deleting Hhp1 and Hhp2 or inhibiting CK1 catalytic activities in yeast or in human cells activated the DNA damage checkpoint due to persistent double-strand breaks (DSBs). The primary pathways to repair DSBs, homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, were both less efficient in cells lacking Hhp1 and Hhp2 activity. In order to understand how Hhp1 and Hhp2 promote DSB repair, we identified new substrates using quantitative phosphoproteomics. We confirmed that Arp8, a component of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, is a bona fide substrate of Hhp1 and Hhp2 that is important for DSB repair. Our data suggest that Hhp1 and Hhp2 facilitate DSB repair by phosphorylating multiple substrates, including Arp8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra N. Cullati
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Current address: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yufan Shan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rodrigo X. Guillen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Zachary C. Elmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Current address: Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Maier A, Bailey T, Hinrichs A, Lerchl S, Newman RT, Fournier C, Vandevoorde C. Experimental Setups for In Vitro Studies on Radon Exposure in Mammalian Cells-A Critical Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095670. [PMID: 37174189 PMCID: PMC10178159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring radon and its short lived progeny are the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking, and the main risk factor for non-smokers. The radon progeny, mainly Polonium-218 (218Po) and Polonium-214 (214Po), are responsible for the highest dose deposition in the bronchial epithelium via alpha-decay. These alpha-particles release a large amount of energy over a short penetration range, which results in severe and complex DNA damage. In order to unravel the underlying biological mechanisms which are triggered by this complex DNA damage and eventually give rise to carcinogenesis, in vitro radiobiology experiments on mammalian cells have been performed using radon exposure setups, or radon analogues, which mimic alpha-particle exposure. This review provides an overview of the different experimental setups, which have been developed and used over the past decades for in vitro radon experiments. In order to guarantee reliable results, the design and dosimetry of these setups require careful consideration, which will be emphasized in this work. Results of these in vitro experiments, particularly on bronchial epithelial cells, can provide valuable information on biomarkers, which can assist to identify exposures, as well as to study the effects of localized high dose depositions and the heterogeneous dose distribution of radon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tarryn Bailey
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7129, South Africa
| | - Annika Hinrichs
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Physics Department, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvie Lerchl
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Richard T Newman
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7129, South Africa
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Xie D, Huang Q, Zhou P. Drug Discovery Targeting Post-Translational Modifications in Response to DNA Damages Induced by Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087656. [PMID: 37108815 PMCID: PMC10142602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in astronauts induced by cosmic radiation poses a major barrier to human space exploration. Cellular responses and repair of the most lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are crucial for genomic integrity and cell survival. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are among the regulatory factors modulating a delicate balance and choice between predominant DSB repair pathways, such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). In this review, we focused on the engagement of proteins in the DNA damage response (DDR) modulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, including ATM, DNA-PKcs, CtIP, MDM2, and ubiquitin ligases. The involvement and function of acetylation, methylation, PARylation, and their essential proteins were also investigated, providing a repository of candidate targets for DDR regulators. However, there is a lack of radioprotectors in spite of their consideration in the discovery of radiosensitizers. We proposed new perspectives for the research and development of future agents against space radiation by the systematic integration and utilization of evolutionary strategies, including multi-omics analyses, rational computing methods, drug repositioning, and combinations of drugs and targets, which may facilitate the use of radioprotectors in practical applications in human space exploration to combat fatal radiation hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
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71
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Shadfar S, Parakh S, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 37055865 PMCID: PMC10103468 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Kosik P, Skorvaga M, Belyaev I. Preleukemic Fusion Genes Induced via Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076580. [PMID: 37047553 PMCID: PMC10095576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of leukemia is increasing, the agents responsible for this increase are not definitely known. While ionizing radiation (IR) was classified as a group one carcinogen by the IARC, the IR-induced cancers, including leukemia, are indistinguishable from those that are caused by other factors, so the risk estimation relies on epidemiological data. Several epidemiological studies on atomic bomb survivors and persons undergoing IR exposure during medical investigations or radiotherapy showed an association between radiation and leukemia. IR is also known to induce chromosomal translocations. Specific chromosomal translocations resulting in preleukemic fusion genes (PFGs) are generally accepted to be the first hit in the onset of many leukemias. Several studies indicated that incidence of PFGs in healthy newborns is up to 100-times higher than childhood leukemia with the same chromosomal aberrations. Because of this fact, it has been suggested that PFGs are not able to induce leukemia alone, but secondary mutations are necessary. PFGs also have to occur in specific cell populations of hematopoetic stem cells with higher leukemogenic potential. In this review, we describe the connection between IR, PFGs, and cancer, focusing on recurrent PFGs where an association with IR has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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73
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Gao B, Voskoboynik M, Cooper A, Wilkinson K, Hoon S, Hsieh CY, Cai S, Tian YE, Bao J, Ma N, Wang C, Zhang M, Li B, Guo M, Zhou R, Wang X, Xu C, de Souza P. A phase 1 dose-escalation study of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor senaparib in Australian patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer 2023; 129:1041-1050. [PMID: 36718624 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senaparib is a novel, selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitor with strong antitumor activity in preclinical studies. This first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation study examined the safety and preliminary efficacy of senaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled from three centers in Australia, using a conventional 3 + 3 design. Dose-escalation cohorts continued until the maximum tolerated dose or a recommended phase 2 dose was determined. Patients received one dose of oral senaparib and, if no dose-limiting toxicity occurred within 7 days, they received senaparib once daily in 3-week cycles. The primary end points were safety and tolerability. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled at 10 dose levels ranging from 2 to 150 mg. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in any cohort. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were grade 1-2 (91%). Seven patients (17.9%) reported hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in eight patients (20.5%), and the most frequent was nausea (7.7%). Two deaths were reported after the end of study treatment, one of which was considered a complication from senaparib-related bone marrow failure. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that senaparib the accumulation index was 1.06-1.67, and absorption saturation was 80-150 mg daily. In 22 patients with evaluable disease, the overall response rate was 13.6%, and the disease control rate was 81.8%. The overall response rate was 33.3% for the BRCA mutation-positive subgroup and 6.3% for the nonmutated subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Senaparib was well tolerated in Australian patients with advanced solid tumors, with encouraging signals of antitumor activity. The recommended phase 2 dose for senaparib was determined to be 100 mg daily. CLINICALTRIALS GOV ID NCT03507543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Blacktown Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Voskoboynik
- Medical Oncology, Nucleus Network, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Cooper
- Western Sydney University Medical School, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Wilkinson
- Western Sydney University Medical School, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siao Hoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Blacktown Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jun Bao
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ma
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyue Li
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ruiyu Zhou
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Cong Xu
- IMPACT Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Paul de Souza
- Western Sydney University Medical School, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Kostova N, Staynova A, Popova-Hadjiiska L, Georgieva D, Ivanova I, Aneva N, Atanasova M, Hristova R. Effect of curcumin on γ-ray-induced cell response. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:471-479. [PMID: 36634350 PMCID: PMC10036097 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of curcumin as a natural compound against radiation induced γ-foci and stable chromosome aberrations. Whole blood samples form three human volunteers were pretreated with curcumin at different concentrations (0.5, 10, 20 and 100 μg/ml). After 1-hour incubation, the lymphocytes were exposed to γ-rays (0.05, 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy). Radiation induced changes in cells were quantified using γ-H2AX/53BP1 assay and FISH analysis. Our results have shown that curcumin significantly reduced the frequency of both γ-foci and translocations. We found concentration-dependent increase of curcumin protective effect on γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci formation at all radiation doses. Concerning the translocations, after 0.05 and 0.5 Gy γ-rays the values of genomic frequencies are comparable within each dose and we did not observe any impact of curcumin. The most protective effect after 1 Gy exposure was found at 100 μg/ml curcumin. At 2 Gy irradiation, the maximum protection was achieved at 0.5 and 10 μg/ml of curcumin. Concentrations of 20 and 100 μg/ml also prevent lymphocytes but to less extent. Our in vitro study indicates radioprotective efficacy of curcumin against γ-ray induced damages in human lymphocytes. This observation suggests that curcumin may play a role to protect patients undergoing radiological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ljubomira Popova-Hadjiiska
- Department of Radiobiology, National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski” Str., No 3; Sofia, 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Dimka Georgieva
- Department of Radiobiology, National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski” Str., No 3; Sofia, 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Ilonka Ivanova
- Department of Radiobiology, National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski” Str., No 3; Sofia, 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Aneva
- Department of Radiobiology, National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski” Str., No 3; Sofia, 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Atanasova
- Department of Radiobiology, National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski” Str., No 3; Sofia, 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Hristova
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiobiology, National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, 3 “Sv. Georgi Sofiiski” Str., Sofia-1606, Bulgaria. Fax; Tel: +359 887 613818;
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75
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Hamouda MM, Badr A, Ali SS, Adham AM, Ahmed HIS, Saad-Allah KM. Growth, physiological, and molecular responses of three phaeophyte extracts on salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:32. [PMID: 36929363 PMCID: PMC10020410 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweeds are a viable bioresource for suffering plants against salt stress, as they abundant in nutrients, hormones, vitamins, secondary metabolites, and many other phytochemicals that sustain plants' growth under both typical and stressful situations. The alleviating capacity of extracts from three brown algae (Sargassum vulgare, Colpomenia sinuosa, and Pandia pavonica) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated in this study. METHODS Pea seeds were primed for 2 h either with seaweed extracts (SWEs) or distilled water. Seeds were then subjected to salinity levels of 0.0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. On the 21st day, seedlings were harvested for growth, physiological and molecular investigations. RESULTS SWEs helped reduce the adverse effects of salinity on pea, with S. vulgare extract being the most effective. Furthermore, SWEs diminished the effect of NaCl-salinity on germination, growth rate, and pigment content and raised the osmolytes proline and glycine betaine levels. On the molecular level, two low-molecular-weight proteins were newly synthesized by the NaCl treatments and three by priming pea seeds with SWEs. The number of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers increased from 20 in the control to 36 in 150 mM NaCl-treated seedlings, including four unique markers. Priming with SWEs triggered more markers than the control, however about ten of the salinity-induced markers were not detected following seed priming before NaCl treatments. By priming with SWEs, seven unique markers were elicited. CONCLUSION All in all, priming with SWEs alleviated salinity stress on pea seedlings. Salinity-responsive proteins and ISSR markers are produced in response to salt stress and priming with SWEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Hamouda
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah Badr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 117900, Egypt
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Alia M Adham
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL-Muthanna, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Hanan I Sayed Ahmed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Khalil M Saad-Allah
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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76
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Segura EER, Ayoub PG, Hart KL, Kohn DB. Gene Therapy for β-Hemoglobinopathies: From Discovery to Clinical Trials. Viruses 2023; 15:713. [PMID: 36992422 PMCID: PMC10054523 DOI: 10.3390/v15030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations to understand the function and control of the globin genes have led to some of the most exciting molecular discoveries and biomedical breakthroughs of the 20th and 21st centuries. Extensive characterization of the globin gene locus, accompanied by pioneering work on the utilization of viruses as human gene delivery tools in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPSCs), has led to transformative and successful therapies via autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplant with gene therapy (HSCT-GT). Due to the advanced understanding of the β-globin gene cluster, the first diseases considered for autologous HSCT-GT were two prevalent β-hemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, both affecting functional β-globin chains and leading to substantial morbidity. Both conditions are suitable for allogeneic HSCT; however, this therapy comes with serious risks and is most effective using an HLA-matched family donor (which is not available for most patients) to obtain optimal therapeutic and safe benefits. Transplants from unrelated or haplo-identical donors carry higher risks, although they are progressively improving. Conversely, HSCT-GT utilizes the patient's own HSPCs, broadening access to more patients. Several gene therapy clinical trials have been reported to have achieved significant disease improvement, and more are underway. Based on the safety and the therapeutic success of autologous HSCT-GT, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2022 approved an HSCT-GT for β-thalassemia (Zynteglo™). This review illuminates the β-globin gene research journey, adversities faced, and achievements reached; it highlights important molecular and genetic findings of the β-globin locus, describes the predominant globin vectors, and concludes by describing promising results from clinical trials for both sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Eugenie Rose Segura
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Paul George Ayoub
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevyn Lopez Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald Barry Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Pan H, Ho SE, Xue C, Cui J, Ross LS, Li F, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Reilly MP. Atherosclerosis is a smooth muscle cell-driven tumor-like disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531330. [PMID: 36945644 PMCID: PMC10028828 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease involving pathological activation of multiple cell types, such as immunocytes (e.g., macrophage, T cells), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that SMC "phenotypic switching" plays a central role in atherosclerosis development and complications. Yet, SMC roles and mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, employing SMC lineage tracing mice, comprehensive molecular, cellular, histological, and computational profiling, coupled to genetic and pharmacological studies, we reveal that atherosclerosis, in terms of SMC behaviors, share extensive commonalities with tumors. SMC-derived cells in the disease show multiple characteristics of tumor cell biology, including genomic instability, replicative immortality, malignant proliferation, resistance to cell death, invasiveness, and activation of comprehensive cancer-associated gene regulatory networks. SMC-specific expression of oncogenic KrasG12D accelerates SMC phenotypic switching and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Moreover, we present a proof of concept showing that niraparib, an anti-cancer drug targeting DNA damage repair, attenuates atherosclerosis progression and induces regression of lesions in advanced disease in mouse models. Our work provides systematic evidence that atherosclerosis is a tumor-like disease, deepening the understanding of its pathogenesis and opening prospects for novel precision molecular strategies to prevent and treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leila S. Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Solomon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Wijetunga NA, Goglia AG, Weinhold N, Berger MF, Cislo M, Higginson DS, Chabot K, Osman AM, Schaff L, Pentsova E, Miller AM, Powell SN, Boire A, Yang JT. Dynamic Mutational Landscape of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulating Tumor DNA and Predictors of Survival after Proton Craniospinal Irradiation for Leptomeningeal Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:775-783. [PMID: 36449664 PMCID: PMC9957915 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton craniospinal irradiation (pCSI) is a promising treatment for patients with solid tumor leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). We hypothesize that genetic characteristics before and changes resulting after pCSI will reflect clinical response to pCSI. We analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients receiving pCSI for LM and explored genetic variations associated with response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We subjected CSF from 14 patients with LM before and after pCSI to cell-free DNA sequencing using a targeted-sequencing panel. In parallel, plasma ctDNA and primary tumors were subjected to targeted sequencing. Variant allele frequency (VAF) and cancer cell fraction (CCF) were calculated; clonality of observed mutations was determined. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to associate genomic changes with survival. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was 9 months [interquartile range (IQR), 5-21 months]. We showed clonal evolution between tumor and ctDNA of the CSF and plasma with unique mutations identified by compartment. Higher CSF ctDNA mean VAF before pCSI (VAFpre) had worse OS (6 months for VAFpre ≥ 0.32 vs. 9 months for VAFpre < 0.32; P = 0.05). Similarly, increased VAF after pCSI portended worse survival (6 vs. 18 months; P = 0.008). Higher mean CCF of subclonal mutations appearing after pCSI was associated with worse OS (8 vs. 17 months; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with solid tumor LM undergoing pCSI, we found unique genomic profiles associated with pCSI through CSF ctDNA analyses. Patients with reduced genomic diversity within the leptomeningeal compartment demonstrated improved OS after pCSI suggesting that CSF ctDNA analysis may have use in predicting pCSI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ari Wijetunga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Nils Weinhold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Michael Cislo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Kiana Chabot
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Ahmed M. Osman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Lauren Schaff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Elena Pentsova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Simon N. Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Jonathan T. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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Pauleck S, Sinnott JA, Zheng YL, Gadalla SM, Viskochil R, Haaland B, Cawthon RM, Hoffmeister A, Hardikar S. Association of Telomere Length with Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1159. [PMID: 36831502 PMCID: PMC9954736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Colorectal cancer risk and survival have previously been associated with telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and tumor tissue. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through March 2022. (2) Methods: Relevant studies were identified through database searching following PRISMA guidelines. Risk estimates were extracted from identified studies; meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. (3) Results: Fourteen studies were identified (eight on risk; six on survival) through systematic review. While no association was observed between circulating leukocyte telomere length and the risk of colorectal cancer [overall OR (95% CI) = 1.01 (0.82-1.24)], a worse survival for those with shorter telomeres in leukocytes and longer telomeres in tumor tissues was observed [Quartile1/Quartile2-4 overall HR (95% CI) = 1.41 (0.26-7.59) and 0.82 (0.69-0.98), respectively]. (4) Conclusions: Although there was no association with colorectal cancer risk, a poorer survival was observed among those with shorter leukocyte telomere length. Future larger studies evaluating a potentially non-linear relationship between telomeres and colorectal cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Pauleck
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Medical Department II, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Sinnott
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Viskochil
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Benjamin Haaland
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Richard M. Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Medical Department II, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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80
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Ji P, Wang P, Chen H, Xu Y, Ge J, Tian Z, Yan Z. Potential of Copper and Copper Compounds for Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:234. [PMID: 37259382 PMCID: PMC9960329 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing cancer cell death has always been a research hotspot in life sciences. With the continuous deepening and diversification of related research, the potential value of metal elements in inducing cell death has been explored. Taking iron as an example, ferroptosis, mainly characterized by increasing iron load and driving the production of large amounts of lipid peroxides and eventually leading to cell death, has recently attracted great interest in the cancer research community. After iron, copper, a trace element, has received extensive attention in cell death, especially in inducing tumor cell death. Copper and its complexes can induce autophagy or apoptosis in tumor cells through a variety of different mechanisms of action (activation of stress pathways, arrest of cell cycle, inhibition of angiogenesis, cuproptosis, and paraptosis), which are promising in cancer therapy and have become new hotspots in cancer treatment research. This article reviews the main mechanisms and potential applications of novel copper and copper compound-induced cell death, focusing on copper compounds and their anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yajing Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jianwen Ge
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zechong Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceutical Chemicals Biologically Manufacturing, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhirong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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81
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Ray U, Gopinatha VK, Sharma S, Goyary L, Choudhary B, Mantelingu K, Rangappa KS, Raghavan SC. Identification and characterization of mercaptopyrimidine-based small molecules as inhibitors of nonhomologous DNA end joining. FEBS J 2023; 290:796-820. [PMID: 36048168 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercaptopyrimidine derivatives are heterocyclic compounds with potent biological activities including antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study describes the synthesis and characterization of several mercaptopyrimidine derivatives through condensation of 5,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol with various heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes. Previous studies have shown that SCR7, synthesized from 5,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol, induced cytotoxicity by targeting cancer cells by primarily inhibiting DNA Ligase IV involved in nonhomologous end joining, one of the major DNA double-strand break repair pathways. Inhibition of DNA repair pathways is considered as an important strategy for cancer therapy. Due to limitations of SCR7 in terms of IC50 in cancer cells, here we have designed, synthesized, and characterized potent derivatives of SCR7 using 5,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol as the starting material. Several synthesized imine compounds exhibited significant improvement in inhibition of end joining and cytotoxicity up to 27-fold lower concentrations than SCR7. Among these, two compounds, SCR116 and SCR132, showed increased cancer cell death in a Ligase IV-dependent manner. Treatment with the compounds also led to reduction in V(D)J recombination efficiency, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, accumulation of double-strand breaks inside cells, and improved anti-cancer potential when combined with γ-radiation and radiomimetic drugs. Thus, we describe novel inhibitors of NHEJ with higher efficacy and potential, which can be developed as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayinee Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vindya K Gopinatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, India
| | - Laijau Goyary
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, India.,Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavana, University of Mysore, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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82
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Kasianchuk N, Rzymski P, Kaczmarek Ł. The biomedical potential of tardigrade proteins: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114063. [PMID: 36495665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are ubiquitous microinvertebrates exhibiting extreme tolerance to various environmental stressors like low and high temperatures, lack of water, or high radiation. Although exact pathways behind the tardigrade extremotolerance are yet to be elucidated, some molecules involved have been identified. Their evidenced properties may lead to novel opportunities in biomedical and pharmacological development. This review aims to present the general characteristics of tardigrade intrinsically disordered proteins (TDPs: Dsup, CAHS, SAHS, MAHS) and late embryogenesis-abundant proteins (LEA) and provide an updated overview of their features and relevance for potential use in biomedicine and pharmacology. The Dsup reveals a promising action in attenuating oxidative stress, DNA damage, and pyrimidine dimerization, as well as increasing radiotolerance in transfected human cells. Whether Dsup can perform these functions when delivered externally is yet to be understood by in vivo preclinical testing. In turn, CAHS and SAHS demonstrate properties that could benefit the preservation of pharmaceuticals (e.g., vaccines) and biomaterials (e.g., cells). Selected CAHS proteins can also serve as inspiration for designing novel anti-apoptotic agents. The LEA proteins also reveal promising properties to preserve desiccated biomaterials and can act as anti-osmotic agents. In summary, tardigrade molecules reveal several potential biomedical applications advocating further research and development. The challenge of extracting larger amounts of these molecules can be solved with genetic engineering and synthetic biology tools. With new species identified each year and ongoing studies on their extremotolerance, progress in the medical use of tardigrade proteins is expected shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Bogomolets Nationals Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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83
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Schimmel J, van Wezel MD, van Schendel R, Tijsterman M. Chromosomal breaks at the origin of small tandem DNA duplications. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200168. [PMID: 36385254 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Small tandem DNA duplications in the range of 15 to 300 base-pairs play an important role in the aetiology of human disease and contribute to genome diversity. Here, we discuss different proposed mechanisms for their occurrence and argue that this type of structural variation mainly results from mutagenic repair of chromosomal breaks. This hypothesis is supported by both bioinformatical analysis of insertions occurring in the genome of different species and disease alleles, as well as by CRISPR/Cas9-based experimental data from different model systems. Recent work points to fill-in synthesis at double-stranded DNA breaks with complementary sequences, regulated by end-joining mechanisms, to account for small tandem duplications. We will review the prevalence of small tandem duplications in the population, and we will speculate on the potential sources of DNA damage that could give rise to this mutational signature. With the development of novel algorithms to analyse sequencing data, small tandem duplications are now more frequently detected in the human genome and identified as oncogenic gain-of-function mutations. Understanding their origin could lead to optimized treatment regimens to prevent therapy-induced activation of oncogenes and might expose novel vulnerabilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Schimmel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes D van Wezel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Schendel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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84
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Katheeja MN, Das SP, Das R, Laha S. BRCA1 interactors, RAD50 and BRIP1, as prognostic markers for triple-negative breast cancer severity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1035052. [PMID: 36873936 PMCID: PMC9978165 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1035052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: BRIP1 (BRCA1-interacting protein 1) is one of the major interacting partners of BRCA1, which plays an important role in repair by homologous recombination (HR). This gene is mutated in around 4% of cases of breast cancer; however, its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we presented the fundamental role of BRCA1 interactors BRIP1 and RAD50 in the development of differential severity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) among various affected individuals. Methods: We have analyzed the expression of DNA repair-related genes in different BC cells using Real-time PCR and western blotting analysis and assessed changes in stemness property and proliferation through Immunophenotyping. We have performed cell cycle analysis to see the defect in checkpoints and also immunofluorescence assay to confirm the accumulation of gamma-H2AX and BRCA1 foci and subsequent incidence. We have performed a severity analysis using TCGA data sets for comparing the expression in MDA-MB-468 MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell line. Results: We showed that in some TNBC cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, the functioning of both BRCA1/TP53 is compromised. Furthermore, the sensing of DNA damage is affected. Due to less damage-sensing capability and low availability of BRCA1 at the damage sites, the repair by HR becomes inefficient, leading to more damage. Accumulation of damage sends a signal for over activation of NHEJ repair pathways. Over expressed NHEJ molecules with compromised HR and checkpoint conditions lead to higher proliferation and error-prone repair, which increases the mutation rate and corresponding tumour severity. The in-silico analysis of the TCGA datasets with gene expression in the deceased population showed a significant correlation of BRCA1 expression with overall survival (OS) in TNBCs (0.0272). The association of BRCA1 with OS became stronger with the addition of BRIP1 expression (0.000876**). Conclusion: The severity phenotypes were more in cells having compromised BRCA1-BRIP1 functioning. Since the OS is directly proportional to the extent of severity, the data analysis hints at the role of BRIP1 in controlling the severity of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhseena N Katheeja
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranajit Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suparna Laha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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85
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Wu W, Yu S, Yu X. Transcription-associated cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) as a potential target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188842. [PMID: 36460141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), a transcription-related cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), plays a momentous part in multitudinous biological functions, such as replication, transcription initiation to elongation and termination, precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing, intron polyadenylation (IPA), and translation. CDK12 can act as a tumour suppressor or oncogene in disparate cellular environments, and its dysregulation likely provokes tumorigenesis. A comprehensive understanding of CDK12 will tremendously facilitate the exploitation of novel tactics for the treatment and precaution of cancer. Currently, CDK12 inhibitors are nonspecific and nonselective, which profoundly hinders the pharmacological target validation and drug exploitation process. Herein, we summarize the newly comprehension of the biological functions of CDK12 with a focus on recently emerged advancements of CDK12-associated therapeutic approaches in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wence Wu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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86
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Huang CY, Lai ZY, Hsu TJ, Chou FI, Liu HM, Chuang YJ. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Eliminates Radioresistant Liver Cancer Cells by Targeting DNA Damage and Repair Responses. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1385-1401. [PMID: 36600987 PMCID: PMC9807134 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s383959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to conservative treatments remains a challenge. In previous studies, the therapeutic effectiveness and DNA damage responses of boric acid-mediated boron neutron capture therapy (BA-BNCT) in HCC have been demonstrated in animal models and HCC cell line. On the other hand, numerous studies have shown that high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation can overcome tumor resistance. Since BNCT yields a mixture of high and low LET radiation, we aimed to explore whether and how BA-BNCT could eliminate radioresistant HCC cells. Methods Radioresistant human HCC (HepG2-R) cells were established from HepG2 cells via intermittent irradiation. HepG2 and HepG2-R cells were then irradiated with either γ-ray or neutron radiation of BA-BNCT. Colony formation assays were used to assess cell survival and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The expression of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) was also examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot assays to evaluate the extent of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Finally, the expression levels of DNA damage response-associated proteins were determined, followed by cell cycle analysis and caspase-3 activity analysis. Results Our data demonstrated that under the same dose by γ-ray, BNCT effectively eliminated radioresistant HCC by increasing the number of DNA DSBs (p < 0.05) and impeding their repair (p < 0.05), which verified the high RBE of BNCT. We also found that BNCT resulted in delayed homologous recombination (HR) and inhibited the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway during DNA repair. Markedly, BNCT increased cell arrest (p < 0.05) in the G2/M phase by altering G2 checkpoint signaling and increased PUMA-mediated apoptosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that DNA damage and repair responses could affect the anticancer efficiency of BNCT in radioresistant HepG2-R cells, which highlights the potential of BNCT as a viable treatment option for recurrent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yin Lai
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ming Liu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence: Yung-Jen Chuang, School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, Tel +886-3-5742764, Fax +886-3-5715934, Email
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87
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Simon S, Kendall G, Bouffler S, Little M. The Evidence for Excess Risk of Cancer and Non-Cancer Disease at Low Doses and Dose Rates. Radiat Res 2022; 198:615-624. [PMID: 36136740 PMCID: PMC9797580 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00132.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether there are excess radiation-associated health risks at low dose is controversial. We present evidence of excess cancer risks in a number of (largely pediatrically or in utero exposed) groups exposed to low doses of radiation (<0.1 Gy). Moreover, the available data on biological mechanisms do not provide support for the idea of a low-dose threshold or hormesis for any of these endpoints. There are emerging data suggesting risks of cardiovascular disease and cataract at low doses, but this is less well established. This large body of evidence does not suggest and, indeed, is not statistically compatible with any very large threshold in dose (>10 mGy), or with possible beneficial effects from exposures. The presented data suggest that exposure to low-dose radiation causes excess cancer risks and quite possibly also excess risks of various non-cancer endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.L. Simon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (retired)
| | - G.M. Kendall
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - S.D. Bouffler
- Radiation Effects Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Chilton, Didcot OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - M.P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9778
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88
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Putt KS, Du Y, Fu H, Zhang ZY. High-throughput screening strategies for space-based radiation countermeasure discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:88-104. [PMID: 36336374 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As humanity begins to venture further into space, approaches to better protect astronauts from the hazards found in space need to be developed. One particular hazard of concern is the complex radiation that is ever present in deep space. Currently, it is unlikely enough spacecraft shielding could be launched that would provide adequate protection to astronauts during long-duration missions such as a journey to Mars and back. In an effort to identify other means of protection, prophylactic radioprotective drugs have been proposed as a potential means to reduce the biological damage caused by this radiation. Unfortunately, few radioprotectors have been approved by the FDA for usage and for those that have been developed, they protect normal cells/tissues from acute, high levels of radiation exposure such as that from oncology radiation treatments. To date, essentially no radioprotectors have been developed that specifically counteract the effects of chronic low-dose rate space radiation. This review highlights how high-throughput screening (HTS) methodologies could be implemented to identify such a radioprotective agent. Several potential target, pathway, and phenotypic assays are discussed along with potential challenges towards screening for radioprotectors. Utilizing HTS strategies such as the ones proposed here have the potential to identify new chemical scaffolds that can be developed into efficacious radioprotectors that are specifically designed to protect astronauts during deep space journeys. The overarching goal of this review is to elicit broader interest in applying drug discovery techniques, specifically HTS towards the identification of radiation countermeasures designed to be efficacious towards the biological insults likely to be encountered by astronauts on long duration voyages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.
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89
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Prasad M, Kataria P, Ningaraju S, Buddidathi R, Bankapalli K, Swetha C, Susarla G, Venkatesan R, D'Silva P, Shivaprasad PV. Double DJ-1 domain containing Arabidopsis DJ-1D is a robust macromolecule deglycase. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1061-1074. [PMID: 35976797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, are prone to genotoxin-induced macromolecule damage. Among the inevitable damaging agents are reactive carbonyls that induce glycation of DNA, RNA and proteins to result in the build-up of advanced glycated end-products. However, it is unclear how plants repair glycated macromolecules. DJ-1/PARK7 members are a highly conserved family of moonlighting proteins having double domains in higher plants and single domains in other phyla. Here we show that Arabidopsis DJ-1D offers robust tolerance to endogenous and exogenous stresses through its ability to repair glycated DNA, RNA and proteins. DJ-1D also reduced the formation of reactive carbonyls through its efficient methylglyoxalase activity. Strikingly, full-length double domain-containing DJ-1D suppressed the formation of advanced glycated end-products in yeast and plants. DJ-1D also efficiently repaired glycated nucleic acids and nucleotides in vitro and mitochondrial DNA in vivo under stress, indicating the existence of a new DNA repair pathway in plants. We propose that multi-stress responding plant DJ-1 members, often present in multiple copies among plants, probably contributed to the adaptation to a variety of endogenous and exogenous stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Prasad
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Priyanka Kataria
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Sunayana Ningaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Radhika Buddidathi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Kondalarao Bankapalli
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Chenna Swetha
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Gautam Susarla
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Radhika Venkatesan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560 065, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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90
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Vahidifar E, Sajjadi SE, Etebari M. Antioxidant and genoprotective effects of osthole against cadmium-induced DNA damage: an in vitro study using comet assay. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 17:657-664. [PMID: 36704433 PMCID: PMC9872183 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.359432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Osthole, a plant-derived coumarin, has shown numerous pharmacological effects. However, its genoprotective effects against cadmium-induced DNA damage have not been determined yet. Therefore, this project aimed to assess the effectiveness of osthole against genotoxicity caused by cadmium. Experimental approach For this purpose, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with various concentrations of osthole (40, 60, 80, and 120 µM) 24 h before cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment (40 µM), and then DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay. Furthermore, DPPH and free thiol group assays were applied to evaluate reactive oxygen species scavenger and antioxidant capacities of osthole. Findings / Results In the present study, all concentrations of osthole significantly decreased CdCl2-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of the osthole were confirmed by DPPH and free thiol assays. Conclusion and implications Overall, the findings of this project revealed that osthole could ameliorate cadmium-induced genotoxicity probably by its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Vahidifar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran., I.R. Iran
| | - Mahmoud Etebari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran,Corresponding authors: M. Etebari Tel: +98-9125154823, Fax: +98-3136680011
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91
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Quercetin and Isorhamnetin Reduce Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Genotoxicity by Inducing RAD51 Expression through Downregulation of miR-34a. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113125. [PMID: 36361910 PMCID: PMC9653982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is metabolized in the liver into highly reactive mutagenic and genotoxic metabolites, which induce carcinogenesis. The mutagenic factors, including B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) and reactive oxygen species, generated during B[a]P metabolism can cause DNA damage, such as BPDE-DNA adducts, 8-oxo-dG, and double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, we mechanistically investigated the effects of quercetin and its major metabolite isorhamnetin on the repair of B[a]P-induced DNA DSBs. Whole-transcriptome analysis showed that quercetin and isorhamnetin each modulate the expression levels of genes involved in DNA repair, especially those in homologous recombination. RAD51 was identified as a key gene whose expression level was decreased in B[a]P-treated cells and increased by quercetin or isorhamnetin treatment. Furthermore, the number of γH2AX foci induced by B[a]P was significantly decreased by quercetin or isorhamnetin, whereas RAD51 mRNA and protein levels were increased. Additionally, among the five microRNAs (miRs) known to downregulate RAD51, miR-34a level was significantly downregulated by quercetin or isorhamnetin. The protective effect of quercetin or isorhamnetin was lower in cells transfected with a miR-34a mimic than in non-transfected cells, and the B[a]P-induced DNA DSBs remained unrepaired. Our results show that quercetin and isorhamnetin each upregulates RAD51 by downregulating miR-34a and thereby suppresses B[a]P-induced DNA damage.
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92
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Yoshikawa K. Quantitative evaluation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through single-molecule observation. Enzymes 2022; 51:7-27. [PMID: 36336410 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By adapting the method of single molecular observation for individual DNAs, it will be shown that reliable analysis of double-strand breaks, DSBs, becomes possible for various kinds of damage sources. Single DNA above the size of several-tens kilo base-pairs exhibits the length scale above several μm, indicating that their whole conformation is visible with fluorescence microscopy by adding suitable fluoresce dye to the solution. Various examples of the quantitative evaluation on DSBs are described, together with the evaluation of the protective effects of anti-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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93
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Huang YJ, Huang MY, Cheng TL, Kuo SH, Ke CC, Chen YT, Hsieh YC, Wang JY, Cheng CM, Chuang CH. ERCC1 Overexpression Increases Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194798. [PMID: 36230725 PMCID: PMC9563575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The 20–30% of locally advanced rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy had no expected efficacy, and ERCC1 overexpression was found in these tumor tissue patients. In the interest of confirming and adding details to our understanding of that correlation, The Tet-on gene expression system was used to examine ERCC1 functionality and stability. Our data from regulatable HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on cell lines verified the increased radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells that are associated with ERCC1 overexpression, and they confirmed a high correlation between ERCC1 levels and radiotherapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, overexpression of ERCC1 also increases cell migration under radiation exposure. Additional data from ERCC1 expression regulation in vivo confirmed that the overexpression of increased cancer radiation resistance suggests that ERCC1 expression plays a key role. Abstract Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer patients, but 20–30% do not benefit from the desired therapeutic effects. Previous reports indicate that high levels of ERCC1 reduce the effectiveness of cisplatin-based CCRT; however, it remains unclear as to whether ERCC1 overexpression increases radiation resistance. To clarify the correlation between ERCC1 levels and radiation (RT) resistance, we established two cell lines (HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on), induced them to overexpress ERCC1, detected cell survival following exposure to radiation, established HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on heterotopic cancer animal models, and detected tumor volume following exposure to radiation. We found that ERCC1 overexpression increased radiation resistance. After regulating ERCC1 levels and radiation exposure to verify the correlation, we noted that increased radiation resistance was dependent on ERCC1 upregulation in both cell lines. For further verification, we exposed HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on heterotopic cancer animal models to radiation and observed that ERCC1 overexpression increased colorectal cancer tumor radioresistance in both. Combined, our results suggest that ERCC1 overexpression may serve as a suitable CCRT prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Techology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2353)
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94
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Abstract
Genomic DNA is organized three-dimensionally in the nucleus as chromatin. Recent accumulating evidence has demonstrated that chromatin organizes into numerous dynamic domains in higher eukaryotic cells, which act as functional units of the genome. These compacted domains facilitate DNA replication and gene regulation. Undamaged chromatin is critical for healthy cells to function and divide. However, the cellular genome is constantly threatened by many sources of DNA damage (e.g., radiation). How do cells maintain their genome integrity when subjected to DNA damage? This chapter describes how the compact state of chromatin safeguards the genome from radiation damage and chemical attacks. Together with recent genomics data, our finding suggests that DNA compaction, such as chromatin domain formation, plays a critical role in maintaining genome integrity. But does the formation of such domains limit DNA accessibility inside the domain and hinder the recruitment of repair machinery to the damaged site(s) during DNA repair? To approach this issue, we first describe a sensitive imaging method to detect changes in chromatin states in living cells (single-nucleosome imaging/tracking). We then use this method to explain how cells can overcome potential recruiting difficulties; cells can decompact chromatin domains following DNA damage and temporarily increase chromatin motion (∼DNA accessibility) to perform efficient DNA repair. We also speculate on how chromatin compaction affects DNA damage-resistance in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Minami
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Iida
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeshima
- Genome Dynamics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan.
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95
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Khosravifarsani M, Ait-Mohand S, Paquette B, Sanche L, Guérin B. In vivo behavior of [64Cu]NOTA-terpyridine platinum, a novel chemo-radio-theranostic agent for imaging, and therapy of colorectal cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:975213. [PMID: 36226156 PMCID: PMC9549809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.975213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome resistance to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, we propose to validate in vivo a novel terpyridine-platinum (TP) compound radiolabeled with the radio-theranostic isotope 64Cu. In vivo stability, biodistribution, PET imaging, tumor growth delay, toxicity and dosimetry of [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP were determined. The current experimental studies show that [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP is stable in vivo, rapidly eliminated by the kidneys and has a promising tumor uptake ranging from 1.8 ± 0.4 to 3.0 ± 0.2 %ID/g over 48 h. [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP retarded tumor growth by up to 6 ± 2.0 days and improved survival relative to vehicle and non-radioactive [NatCu]NOTA-C3-TP over 17 days of tumor growth observation. This effect was obtained with only 0.4 nmol i.v. injection of [64Cu]NOTA-C3-TP, which delivers 3.4 ± 0.3 Gy tumoral absorbed dose. No evidence of toxicity, by weight loss or mortality was revealed. These findings confirm the high potential of [64Cu]NOTA-TP as a novel radio-theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khosravifarsani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Centre de Recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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96
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van de Kooij B, Kruswick A, van Attikum H, Yaffe MB. Multi-pathway DNA-repair reporters reveal competition between end-joining, single-strand annealing and homologous recombination at Cas9-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5295. [PMID: 36075911 PMCID: PMC9458747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are repaired by multiple distinct pathways, with outcomes ranging from error-free repair to mutagenesis and genomic loss. DSB-repair pathway cross-talk and compensation is incompletely understood, despite its importance for genomic stability, oncogenesis, and genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. To address this, we constructed and validated three fluorescent Cas9-based reporters, named DSB-Spectrum, that simultaneously quantify the contribution of multiple DNA repair pathways at a DSB. DSB-Spectrum reporters distinguish between DSB-repair by error-free canonical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) versus homologous recombination (HR; reporter 1), mutagenic repair versus HR (reporter 2), and mutagenic end-joining versus single strand annealing (SSA) versus HR (reporter 3). Using these reporters, we show that inhibiting the c-NHEJ factor DNA-PKcs increases repair by HR, but also substantially increases mutagenic SSA. Our data indicate that SSA-mediated DSB-repair also occurs at endogenous genomic loci, driven by Alu elements or homologous gene regions. Finally, we demonstrate that long-range end-resection factors DNA2 and Exo1 promote SSA and reduce HR, when both pathways compete for the same substrate. These new Cas9-based DSB-Spectrum reporters facilitate the comprehensive analysis of repair pathway crosstalk and DSB-repair outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van de Kooij
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Kruswick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Critical Care and Surgical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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97
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Roberts AH, Bowen JE, Zhou X, Burke I, Wenaas MH, Blake TA, Timmons SC, Kuzmanov A. Synthesis and reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A analogs with cyclic side chains in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:665-674. [PMID: 36062628 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221117357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that bisphenol A (BPA) affects not only the growth and development of reproductive tissues but also disrupts meiosis. Meiotic disturbances lead to the formation of aneuploid gametes, resulting in the inability to conceive, pregnancy loss, and developmental disabilities in offspring. In recent years, increasing health concerns led manufacturers to seek BPA alternatives. In response, BPA analogs have been prepared and investigated in a variety of toxicity-related studies. Despite hopes that these analogs would prove less harmful than BPA, published data show that these alternatives continue to pose a significant risk to human health. In this study, we synthesized two less investigated BPA analogs with cyclic side chains, bisphenol Y (BPY) and bisphenol Z (BPZ), and evaluated their reprotoxic potential using Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans were cultured on nematode growth medium plates containing a 1 mM concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide-dissolved bisphenols. The uptake of the chemicals was via two major routes: ingestion and cuticle diffusion. Following exposure, we evaluated fertilized egg count, germline apoptosis, and embryonic lethality-three parameters previously shown to reliably predict the reprotoxic potential of bisphenols in mammals. Our results indicated that both BPY and BPZ had a significant impact on fertility, resulting in increased germline apoptosis and a reduced number of progeny, without affecting the embryonic viability. After comparison with commercially relevant BPA and bisphenol S, our findings imply that BPA analogs with cyclic side chains, BPY and BPZ, adversely affect meiotic fidelity, resulting in diminished reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Roberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Xinrui Zhou
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Isabella Burke
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell H Wenaas
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Timothy A Blake
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Shannon C Timmons
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Aleksandra Kuzmanov
- Department of Natural Sciences, 7431Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA
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98
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Kumari S, Sharma S, Advani D, Khosla A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK. Unboxing the molecular modalities of mutagens in cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62111-62159. [PMID: 34611806 PMCID: PMC8492102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. DNA damage induced by such mutagens is the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis resulting in the accumulation of mutations. Mutational events are considered the major triggers for introducing genetic and epigenetic insults such as DNA crosslinks, single- and double-strand DNA breaks, formation of DNA adducts, mismatched bases, modification in histones, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations. However, DNA repair mechanisms are devoted to protect the DNA to ensure genetic stability, any aberrations in these calibrated mechanisms provoke cancer occurrence. Comprehensive knowledge of the type of mutagens and carcinogens and the influence of these agents in DNA damage and cancer induction is crucial to develop rational anticancer strategies. This review delineated the molecular mechanism of DNA damage and the repair pathways to provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A relationship between DNA adduct formation and cancer incidence has also been summarized. The mechanistic basis of inflammatory response and oxidative damage triggered by mutagens in tumorigenesis has also been highlighted. We elucidated the interesting interplay between DNA damage response and immune system mechanisms. We addressed the current understanding of DNA repair targeted therapies and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and discussed how antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents combined with traditional approaches lay the foundations for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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99
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Bowerman S, Mahadevan J, Benson P, Rudolph J, Luger K. Automated modeling of protein accumulation at DNA damage sites using qFADD.py. BIOLOGICAL IMAGING 2022; 2:e8. [PMID: 36424940 PMCID: PMC9683346 DOI: 10.1017/s2633903x22000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are constantly subject to DNA damage, often with detrimental consequences for the health of the organism. Cells mitigate this DNA damage through a variety of repair pathways involving a diverse and large number of different proteins. To better understand the cellular response to DNA damage, one needs accurate measurements of the accumulation, retention, and dissipation timescales of these repair proteins. Here, we describe an automated implementation of the "quantitation of fluorescence accumulation after DNA damage" method that greatly enhances the analysis and quantitation of the widely used technique known as laser microirradiation, which is used to study the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. This open-source implementation ("qFADD.py") is available as a stand-alone software package that can be run on laptops or computer clusters. Our implementation includes corrections for nuclear drift, an automated grid search for the model of a best fit, and the ability to model both horizontal striping and speckle experiments. To improve statistical rigor, the grid-search algorithm also includes automated simulation of replicates. As a practical example, we present and discuss the recruitment dynamics of the early responder PARP1 to DNA damage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bowerman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jyothi Mahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip Benson
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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100
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Chaurasia RK, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Bhat NN, Sapra BK. Establishment of in vitro Calibration Curve for 60Co-γ-rays Induced Phospho-53BP1 Foci, Rapid Biodosimetry and Initial Triage, and Comparative Evaluations With γH2AX and Cytogenetic Assays. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845200. [PMID: 36003625 PMCID: PMC9393360 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for biodosimetry of populations exposed to ionizing radiation in the event of an incident or accident is crucial for initial triage and medical attention. DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs) are indicative of radiation exposure, and DSB-repair proteins (53BP1, γH2AX, ATM, etc.) are considered sensitive markers of DSB quantification. Phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX immunofluorescence technique serves as a sensitive, reliable, and reproducible tool for the detection and quantification of DSB-repair proteins, which can be used for biological dose estimations. In this study, dose-response curves were generated for 60Co-γ-rays induced phospho-53 Binding Protein 1 (phospho-53BP1) foci at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h, post-irradiation for a dose range of 0.05–4 Gy using fluorescence microscopy. Following ISO recommendations, minimum detection limits (MDLs) were estimated to be 16, 18, 25, 40, 50, and 75 mGy for dose-response curves generated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h post-irradiation. Colocalization and correlation of phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX were also measured in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to gain dual confirmation. Comparative evaluation of the established curve was made by γH2AX-immunofluorescence, dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), and reciprocal translocation (RT) assays by reconstructing the dose of 6 dose-blinded samples. Coefficients of respective in-house established dose-response curves were employed to reconstruct the blind doses. Estimated doses were within the variation of 4.124%. For lower doses (0.052 Gy), phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX assays gave closer estimates with the variation of −4.1 to + 9% in comparison to cytogenetic assays, where variations were −8.5 to 24%. For higher doses (3 and 4 Gy), both the cytogenetic and immunofluorescence (phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX), assays gave comparable close estimates, with −11.3 to + 14.3% and −10.3 to −13.7%, variations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
| | - Kapil B. Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsha N. Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Nagesh N. Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Nagesh N. Bhat
| | - B. K. Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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