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Zahid U, McCutcheon RA, Borgan F, Jauhar S, Pepper F, Nour MM, Rogdaki M, Osugo M, Murray GK, Hathway P, Murray RM, Egerton A, Howes OD. The effect of antipsychotics on glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and clinical response: A 1H-MRS study in first-episode psychosis patients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:967941. [PMID: 36032237 PMCID: PMC9403834 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It is unclear whether glutamatergic dysfunction predicts response to treatment or if antipsychotic treatment influences glutamate levels. We investigated the effect of antipsychotic treatment on glutamatergic levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and whether there is a relationship between baseline glutamatergic levels and clinical response after antipsychotic treatment in people with first episode psychosis (FEP). Materials and methods The sample comprised 25 FEP patients; 22 completed magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans at both timepoints. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results There was no significant change in glutamate [baseline 13.23 ± 2.33; follow-up 13.89 ± 1.74; t(21) = -1.158, p = 0.260], or Glx levels [baseline 19.64 ± 3.26; follow-up 19.66 ± 2.65; t(21) = -0.034, p = 0.973]. There was no significant association between glutamate or Glx levels at baseline and the change in PANSS positive (Glu r = 0.061, p = 0.777, Glx r = -0.152, p = 0.477), negative (Glu r = 0.144, p = 0.502, Glx r = 0.052, p = 0.811), general (Glu r = 0.110, p = 0.607, Glx r = -0.212, p = 0.320), or total scores (Glu r = 0.078, p = 0.719 Glx r = -0.155, p = 0.470). Conclusion These findings indicate that treatment response is unlikely to be associated with baseline glutamatergic metabolites prior to antipsychotic treatment, and there is no major effect of antipsychotic treatment on glutamatergic metabolites in the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Borgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Pepper
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew M. Nour
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Osugo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham K. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Hathway
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- H. Lundbeck UK, Valby, Denmark
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52
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Oh SJ, Lee N, Nam KR, Kang KJ, Han SJ, Lee KC, Lee YJ, Choi JY. Amyloid pathology induces dysfunction of systemic neurotransmission in aged APPswe/PS2 mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:930613. [PMID: 35992913 PMCID: PMC9389227 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.930613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how amyloid pathology affects the functional aspects of neurotransmitter systems in Alzheimer’s disease. APPswe/PS2 mice (21 months of age) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). First, we obtained 18F-FDG and 18F-florbetaben PET scans to evaluate neuronal integrity and amyloid pathology. Second, 18F-FPEB and 18F-FMZ PET data were acquired to assess the excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission. Third, to monitor the dopamine system, 18F-fallypride PET was performed. Amyloid PET imaging revealed that radioactivity was higher in the AD group than that in the WT group, which was validated by immunohistochemistry. In the cortical and limbic areas, the AD group showed a 25–27% decrease and 14–35% increase in the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems, respectively. The dopaminergic system in the AD group exhibited a 29% decrease in brain uptake compared with that in the WT group. A reduction in glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, and taurine levels was observed in the AD group using MRS. Our results suggest that dysfunction of the neurotransmitter system is associated with AD pathology. Among the systems, the GABAergic system was prominent, implying that the inhibitory neurotransmission system may be the most vulnerable to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jong Oh
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namhun Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Nam
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jun Kang
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Han
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Yong Choi,
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53
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Kirkland AE, Browning BD, Green R, Leggio L, Meyerhoff DJ, Squeglia LM. Brain metabolite alterations related to alcohol use: a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3223-3236. [PMID: 35508628 PMCID: PMC10578135 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AlUD) have neurobiological consequences. This meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies aimed to assess the differences in brain metabolite levels in alcohol misuse and AUD relative to controls (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020209890). Hedge's g with random-effects modeling was used. Sub-group and meta-regression techniques explored potential sources of demographic and MRS parameter heterogeneity. A comprehensive literature review identified 43 studies, resulting in 69 models across gray and white matter (GM, WM). Lower N-acetylaspartate levels were found in frontal, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampal, and cerebellar GM, and frontal and parietal WM, suggesting decreased neuronal and axonal viability. Lower choline-containing metabolite levels (all metabolites contributing to choline peak) were found in frontal, temporal, thalamic, and cerebellar GM, and frontal and parietal WM, suggesting membrane alterations related to alcohol misuse. Lower creatine-containing metabolite levels (Cr; all metabolites contributing to Cr peak) were found in temporal and occipital cortical GM, while higher levels were noted in midbrain/brainstem GM; this finding may have implications for using Cr as an internal reference. The lack of significant group differences in glutamate-related levels is possibly related to biological and methodological complexities. The few studies reporting on GABA found lower levels restricted to the ACC. Confounding variables were age, abstinence duration, treatment status, and MRS parameters (echo time, quantification type, data quality). This first meta-analysis of proton MRS studies consolidates the numerous individual studies to identify neurometabolite alterations within alcohol misuse and AUD. Future studies can leverage this new formalized information to investigate treatments that might effectively target the observed disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Brittney D Browning
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- National Institutes of Health, NIDA and NIAAA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Joo IL, Lam WW, Oakden W, Hill ME, Koletar MM, Morrone CD, Stanisz GJ, McLaurin J, Stefanovic B. Early alterations in brain glucose metabolism and vascular function in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102327. [PMID: 35870681 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in brain metabolism predates clinical onset of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Realizing its potential as an early diagnostic marker, however, requires understanding how early AD metabolic dysregulation manifests on non-invasive brain imaging. We presently utilized magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to map glucose and ketone metabolic profiles and image cerebrovascular function in a rat model of early stage AD - 9-month-old TgF344-AD (TgAD) rats - and their age-matched non-transgenic (nTg) littermates. Compared to the nTg rats, TgAD rats displayed attenuation in global cerebral and hippocampal vasoreactivity to hypercapnia, by 49±17% and 58±19%, respectively, while their functional hyperemia to somatosensory stimulation diminished by 69±5%. To assess brain glucose uptake, rats were fasted overnight and then challenged with an intravenous infusion of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). Compared to their non-transgenic littermates, TgAD rats exhibited 99±10% and 52±5% smaller glucose uptake in the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, respectively. Moreover, hippocampal glucose uptake reduction in male TgAD rats compared to the nTg was 54±36% greater than the reduction seen in female TgAD rats. TgAD rats also showed a 59±42% increase in total choline level in the hippocampus, suggesting increased membrane turnover. In combination with our earlier findings of impaired electrophysiological metrics at this early stage of AD pathology progression, our findings suggest that subtle neuronal function alterations that would be difficult to assess in a clinical population may be accompanied by MRI-detectable changes in brain glucose metabolism and cerebrovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illsung L Joo
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada.
| | - Wilfred W Lam
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada.
| | - Wendy Oakden
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada.
| | - Mary E Hill
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada.
| | - Margaret M Koletar
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Morrone
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3N5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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55
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Joyce JM, La PL, Walker R, Harris A. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of traumatic brain injury and subconcussive hits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1455-1476. [PMID: 35838132 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique used to study metabolites in the brain. MRS findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subconcussive hit literature have been mixed. The most common observation is a decrease in N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), traditionally considered a marker of neuronal integrity. Other metabolites, however, such as creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and myo-inositol (mI) have shown inconsistent changes in these populations. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize MRS literature in head injury and explore factors (brain region, injury severity, time since injury, demographic, technical imaging factors, etc.) that may contribute to differential findings. One hundred and thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and of those, 62 NAA, 24 Cr, 49 Cho, 18 Glx and 21 mI studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A random effects model was used for meta-analyses with brain region as a subgroup for each of the five metabolites studied. Meta-regression was used to examine the influence of potential moderators including injury severity, time since injury, age, sex, tissue composition and methodological factors. In this analysis of 1428 unique head-injured subjects and 1132 controls, the corpus callosum was identified as a brain region highly susceptible to metabolite alteration. NAA was consistently decreased in TBI of all severity, but not in subconcussive hits. Cho and mI were found to be increased in moderate-to-severe TBI but not mild TBI. Glx and Cr were largely unaffected, however did show alterations in certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Michele Joyce
- University of Calgary, 2129, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Parker L La
- University of Calgary, 2129, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Robyn Walker
- University of Calgary, 2129, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Ashley Harris
- University of Calgary, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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56
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Mauri N, Richter H, Steffen F, Zölch N, Beckmann KM. Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Thalamus in Idiopathic Epileptic Dogs and in Healthy Control Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:885044. [PMID: 35873693 PMCID: PMC9302964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.885044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the investigation of brain metabolites in epileptic syndromes in dogs has not been explored systematically to date. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolites in the thalamus in dogs affected by idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with and without antiepileptic drug treatment (AEDT) and to compare them to unaffected controls. Our hypothesis is that similar to humans with generalized epilepsy and loss of consciousness, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) would be reduced, and glutamate–glutamine (Glx) would be increased in treated and untreated IE in comparison with the control group. In this prospective case–control study, Border Collie (BC) and Greater Swiss Mountain dog (GSMD) were divided into three groups: (1) healthy controls, IE with generalized tonic–clonic seizures with (2) and without (3) AEDT. A total of 41 BC and GSMD were included using 3 Tesla single-voxel proton MRS of the thalamus (PRESS localization, shortest TE, TR = 2000 ms, NSA = 240). After exclusion of 11 dogs, 30 dogs (18 IE and 12 healthy controls) remained available for analysis. Metabolite concentrations were estimated with LCModel using creatine as reference and compared using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences in the NAA-to-creatine (p = 0.04) and Glx-to-creatine (p = 0.03) ratios between the three groups. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test further showed significant reduction in the NAA/creatine ratio in idiopathic epileptic dogs under AEDT compared to epileptic dogs without AEDT (p = 0.03) and compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03). In opposite to humans, Glx/creatine ratio was significantly reduced in dogs with IE under AEDT compared to epileptic dogs without AEDT (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.02). IE without AEDT and healthy controls did not show significant difference, neither in NAA/creatine (p = 0.60), nor in Glx-to-creatine (p = 0.55) ratio. In conclusion, MRS showed changes in dogs with IE and generalized seizures under AEDT, but not in those without AEDT. Based upon these results, MRS can be considered a useful advanced imaging technique for the evaluation of dogs with IE in the clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Mauri
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Vetimage Diagnostik GmbH, Oberentfelden, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Small Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Zölch
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M. Beckmann
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Small Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Katrin M. Beckmann
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Miller CO, Gantert LT, Previs SF, Chen Y, Anderson KD, Thomas JM, Sanacora G, Uslaner JM, Rothman DL, Mason GF. A Novel Biomarker of Neuronal Glutamate Metabolism in Nonhuman Primates Using Localized 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Development and Effects of BNC375, an α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:598-606. [PMID: 33309567 PMCID: PMC8005500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of treatments for cognitive deficits associated with central nervous system disorders is currently a significant medical need. Despite the great need for such therapeutics, a significant challenge in the drug development process is the paucity of robust biomarkers to assess target modulation and guide clinical decisions. We developed a novel, translatable biomarker of neuronal glutamate metabolism, the 13C-glutamate+glutamine (Glx) H3:H4 labeling ratio, in nonhuman primates using localized 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with 13C-glucose infusions. METHODS We began with numerical simulations in an established model of brain glutamate metabolism, showing that the 13C-Glx H3:H4 ratio should be a sensitive biomarker of neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, a key measure of overall neuronal metabolism. We showed that this biomarker can be measured reliably using a standard 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy method (point-resolved spectroscopy sequence/echo time = 20 ms), obviating the need for specialized hardware and pulse sequences typically used with 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thus improving overall clinical translatability. Finally, we used this biomarker in 8 male rhesus macaques before and after administration of the compound BNC375, a positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor that enhances glutamate signaling ex vivo and elicits procognitive effects in preclinical species. RESULTS The 13C-Glx H3:H4 ratios in the monkeys showed that BNC375 increases neuronal metabolism in nonhuman primates in vivo, detectable on an individual basis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the ratio of 13C-Glx H3:H4 labeling is a biomarker that may provide an objective readout of compounds affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission and could improve decision making for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin O Miller
- Department of Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey.
| | - Liza T Gantert
- Department of Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Kenneth D Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Justina M Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jason M Uslaner
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Filippi V, Steiger R, Beliveau V, Frank F, Kaltseis K, Gizewski ER, Broessner G. Investigating the Migraine Cycle over 21 Consecutive Days Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Resting-State fMRI: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050646. [PMID: 35625032 PMCID: PMC9139142 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed important aspects of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine suggesting abnormal brain energy metabolism and altered functional connectivity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies investigated migraine patients in the interictal or ictal state. This first-of-its-kind study aimed to investigate the whole migraine cycle using 1H-MRS and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A migraine patient underwent 1H-MRS and resting-state fMRI for 21 consecutive days, regardless of whether he was in an interictal or ictal state. Metabolite ratios were assessed and compared to the intrinsic connectivity of subcortical brain areas. Probable migraine phase-dependent changes in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/total creatine (tCr) and choline (Cho)/tCr levels are found in the left occipital lobe and left basal ganglia. NAA reflects neuronal integrity and Cho cellular membrane turnover. Such abnormalities may increase the susceptibility to excitatory migraine triggers. Functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and right or left pallidum was strongly correlated to the NAA/Cho ratio in the right thalamus, suggesting neurochemical modulation of these brain areas through thalamic connections. To draw statistically significant conclusions a larger cohort is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Filippi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.F.); (V.B.); (F.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neuroradiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.F.); (V.B.); (F.F.); (K.K.)
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Florian Frank
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.F.); (V.B.); (F.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Katharina Kaltseis
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.F.); (V.B.); (F.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Elke R. Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gregor Broessner
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.F.); (V.B.); (F.F.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-81692
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Melichercik L, Tvrdik T, Novakova K, Nemec M, Kalinak M, Baciak L, Kasparova S. Huperzine aggravated neurochemical and volumetric changes induced by D-galactose in the model of neurodegeneration in rats. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marafi D, Fatih JM, Kaiyrzhanov R, Ferla MP, Gijavanekar C, Al-Maraghi A, Liu N, Sites E, Alsaif HS, Al-Owain M, Zakkariah M, El-Anany E, Guliyeva U, Guliyeva S, Gaba C, Haseeb A, Alhashem AM, Danish E, Karageorgou V, Beetz C, Subhi AA, Mullegama SV, Torti E, Sebastin M, Breilyn MS, Duberstein S, Abdel-Hamid MS, Mitani T, Du H, Rosenfeld JA, Jhangiani SN, Coban Akdemir Z, Gibbs RA, Taylor JC, Fakhro KA, Hunter JV, Pehlivan D, Zaki MS, Gleeson JG, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Posey JE, Sutton VR, Alkuraya FS, Elsea SH, Lupski JR. Biallelic variants in SLC38A3 encoding a glutamine transporter cause epileptic encephalopathy. Brain 2022; 145:909-924. [PMID: 34605855 PMCID: PMC9050560 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily encompasses >400 transmembrane transporters involved in the exchange of amino acids, nutrients, ions, metals, neurotransmitters and metabolites across biological membranes. SLCs are highly expressed in the mammalian brain; defects in nearly 100 unique SLC-encoding genes (OMIM: https://www.omim.org) are associated with rare Mendelian disorders including developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome sequencing and family-based rare variant analyses on a cohort with neurodevelopmental disorders identified two siblings with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and a shared deleterious homozygous splicing variant in SLC38A3. The gene encodes SNAT3, a sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter and a principal transporter of the amino acids asparagine, histidine, and glutamine, the latter being the precursor for the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate. Additional subjects with a similar developmental and epileptic encephalopathy phenotype and biallelic predicted-damaging SLC38A3 variants were ascertained through GeneMatcher and collaborations with research and clinical molecular diagnostic laboratories. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers. Ten individuals from seven unrelated families from six different countries with deleterious biallelic variants in SLC38A3 were identified. Global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and absent speech were common features while microcephaly, epilepsy, and visual impairment were present in the majority. Epilepsy was drug-resistant in half. Metabolomic analysis revealed perturbations of glutamate, histidine, and nitrogen metabolism in plasma, urine, and CSF of selected subjects, potentially representing biomarkers of disease. Our data support the contention that SLC38A3 is a novel disease gene for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and illuminate the likely pathophysiology of the disease as perturbations in glutamine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
- Correspondence to: Dana Marafi, MD, MSc Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait E-mail:
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Matteo P Ferla
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Charul Gijavanekar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emily Sites
- Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hessa S Alsaif
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University 11533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Zakkariah
- Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Al-adan Hospital, Riqqa, Kuwait
| | - Ehab El-Anany
- Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Al-adan Hospital, Riqqa, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Colette Gaba
- Department of Pediatrics, Bon Secours Mercy Health, Toledo, OH 43608, USA
| | - Ateeq Haseeb
- Mercy Children’s Hospital, Toledo, OH 43608, USA
| | - Amal M Alhashem
- Division of Medical Genetic and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enam Danish
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Alaa A Subhi
- Neurosciences Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Monisha Sebastin
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10467, USA
| | - Margo Sheck Breilyn
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan Duberstein
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology in the Saul R Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Jill V Hunter
- E.B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: James R. Lupski, MD, PhD, DSc (hon) Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX 77030, USA E-mail:
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Elsaid S, Rubin-Kahana DS, Kloiber S, Kennedy SH, Chavez S, Le Foll B. Neurochemical Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094754. [PMID: 35563145 PMCID: PMC9105768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: Considering that current knowledge of mechanisms involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is limited, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate cumulative data obtained by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic (1H MRS) studies. (2) Methods: A computer-based literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and ProQuest was performed. Only cross-sectional studies using 1H MRS techniques in participants with SAD and healthy controls (HCs) were selected. (3) Results: The search generated eight studies. The results indicated regional abnormalities in the ‘fear neurocircuitry’ in patients with SAD. The implicated regions included the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), insula, occipital cortex (OC), as well as the subcortical regions, including the thalamus, caudate, and the putamen. (4) Conclusions: The evidence derived from eight studies suggests that possible pathophysiological mechanisms of SAD include impairments in the integrity and function of neurons and glial cells, including disturbances in energy metabolism, maintenance of phospholipid membranes, dysregulations of second messenger systems, and excitatory/inhibitory neurocircuitry. Conducting more cross-sectional studies with larger sample sizes is warranted given the limited evidence in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Elsaid
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON N1E 6K9, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 33111)
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Kara F, Joers JM, Deelchand DK, Park YW, Przybelski SA, Lesnick TG, Senjem ML, Zeydan B, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Vemuri P, Mielke MM, Machulda MM, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Öz G, Kantarci K. 1H MR spectroscopy biomarkers of neuronal and synaptic function are associated with tau deposition in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:16-26. [PMID: 35038671 PMCID: PMC8976711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) may provide information on pathophysiological changes associated with tau deposition in cognitively unimpaired older adults. In this study, the associations of posterior cingulate gyrus tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition on PET with 1H MRS metabolite ratios acquired from bilateral posterior cingulate gyri were investigated in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Participants (n = 40) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging underwent single-voxel sLASER 1H MRS from the posterior cingulate gyrus at 3 Tesla, 18F-flortaucipir, and 11C- Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET. An increase in posterior cingulate gyrus tau deposition, but not elevated Aβ, was associated with lower N-acetylaspartate/total creatine (tCr) and glutamate (Glu)/tCr ratios, and sex by tau interaction was observed in association with Glu/tCr. Higher tau levels in cognitively unimpaired older adults are associated with biomarkers of neural and synaptic injury even in the absence of cognitive impairment and these relationships appear to be stronger in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Kara
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James M Joers
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Young Woo Park
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Burcu Zeydan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Li Y, Steinberg J, Coleman Z, Wang S, Subramanian C, Li Y, Patay Z, Akers W, Rock CO, Jackowski S, Bagga P. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects cerebral metabolic derangement in a mouse model of brain coenzyme a deficiency. J Transl Med 2022; 20:103. [PMID: 35197056 PMCID: PMC8867880 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pantothenate kinase (PANK) is the first and rate-controlling enzymatic step in the only pathway for cellular coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. PANK-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly known as Hallervorden–Spatz disease, is a rare, life-threatening neurologic disorder that affects the CNS and arises from mutations in the human PANK2 gene. Pantazines, a class of small molecules containing the pantazine moiety, yield promising therapeutic effects in an animal model of brain CoA deficiency. A reliable technique to identify the neurometabolic effects of PANK dysfunction and to monitor therapeutic responses is needed. Methods We applied 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the newly developed Pantazine BBP-671. Results 1H MRS reliably quantified changes in cerebral metabolites, including glutamate/glutamine, lactate, and N-acetyl aspartate in a neuronal Pank1 and Pank2 double-knockout (SynCre+Pank1,2 dKO) mouse model of brain CoA deficiency. The neuronal SynCre+Pank1,2 dKO mice had distinct decreases in Glx/tCr, NAA/tCr, and lactate/tCr ratios compared to the wildtype matched control mice that increased in response to BBP-671 treatment. Conclusions BBP-671 treatment completely restored glutamate/glutamine levels in the brains of the mouse model, suggesting that these metabolites are promising clinically translatable biomarkers for future therapeutic trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03304-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics (CIVIT), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shubo Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zoltan Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Walter Akers
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Jackowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Stoby KS, Rafique SA, Oeltzschner G, Steeves JKE. Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation to the visual cortex do not alter GABA and glutamate concentrations measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2478. [PMID: 35029058 PMCID: PMC8865152 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), uses repeated high-frequency bursts to non-invasively modulate neural processes in the brain. An intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocol is generally considered "excitatory," while continuous TBS (cTBS) is considered "inhibitory." However, the majority of work that has led to these effects being associated with the respective protocols has been done in the motor cortex, and it is well established that TMS can have variable effects across the brain. OBJECTIVES AND METHOD We investigated the effects of iTBS and cTBS to the primary visual cortex (V1) on composite levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid + co-edited macromolecules (GABA+) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) since these are key inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, respectively. Participants received a single session of cTBS, iTBS, or sham TBS to V1. GABA+ and Glx were quantified in vivo at the stimulation site using spectral-edited proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) at 3T. Baseline pre-TBS GABA+ and Glx levels were compared to immediate post-TBS and 1 h post-TBS levels. RESULTS There were no significant changes in GABA+ or Glx following either of the TBS conditions. Visual cortical excitability, measured using phosphene thresholds, remained unchanged following both cTBS and iTBS conditions. There was no relationship between excitability thresholds and GABA+ or Glx levels. However, TBS did alter the relationship between GABA+ and Glx for up to 1 h following stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that a single session of TBS to the visual cortex can be used without significant effects on the tonic levels of these key neurotransmitters; and add to our understanding that TBS has differential effects at visual, motor, and frontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlene S Stoby
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara A Rafique
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer K E Steeves
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Raggi A, Lanza G, Ferri R. Auditory mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder: a focused review. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:17-30. [PMID: 33837681 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The auditory mismatch negativity, a component of the event-related potential elicited by an unexpected stimulus in a sequence of acoustic stimuli, provides an objective measure of the accuracy of the echoic information processing of the human brain in vivo. Auditory mismatch negativity is also a useful probe of cortical glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity and disturbance. Notably, auditory mismatch negativity is consistently impaired in schizophrenia. Because of the wide spectrum extending from bipolar affective illness and schizoaffective psychosis to typical schizophrenia, we examined the literature on auditory mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder with the aim to find any neurophysiological dysfunction concerning pre-attentive information processing shared by these clinical conditions. This focused review includes 26 original articles published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine (PubMed) search system. Overall, evidence is consistent with the finding that auditory mismatch negativity is impaired in bipolar disorder with psychotic features, even though to a lesser extent than in schizophrenia. It must be acknowledged that, in a few twin and family studies, mismatch negativity abnormalities were not specifically associated with bipolar disorder. In conclusion, auditory mismatch negativity research supports the involvement of the N-methyl-d-aspartate system in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, as previously assessed for schizophrenia, thus creating an intriguing trait d'union between these two mental illnesses and stimulating the development of novel therapeutic agents. With additional replication and validation, auditory mismatch negativity may be further considered as a correlate of a common psychopathology of schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Raggi
- Unit of Neurology, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Hjelmervik H, Craven AR, Johnsen E, Kompus K, Bless JJ, Sinkeviciute I, Kroken RA, Løberg EM, Ersland L, Grüner R, Sommer IE, Hugdahl K. Negative valence of hallucinatory voices as predictor of cortical glutamatergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia patients. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2446. [PMID: 34874613 PMCID: PMC8785643 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative emotional valence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia can be a source of distress and is considered a strong predictor of illness severity. Previous studies have found glutamate to mediate AVH severity in frontal and temporal brain regions, however, they do not specifically address emotional valence of AVH. The role of glutamate for the experience of negative- versus positive emotional valence of AVH is therefore unknown and was investigated in the current study. METHODS Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), 37 schizophrenia patients had Glx (glutamate+glutamine) measured in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), and additionally in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the right STG, or in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Self-reported emotional valence in AVH was measured with the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R). RESULTS Results from linear mixed models showed that negative emotional valence was associated with reduced Glx levels across all four measured brain regions in the frontal and temporal lobe. More specifically, voices that were experienced to be omnipotent (p = 0.04) and that the patients attempted to resist (p = 0.04) were related to lower Glx levels. Follow-up analysis of the latter showed that voices that evoked emotional resistance (i.e., fear, sadness, anger), rather than behavioral resistance, was a significant predictor of reduced glutamate (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The findings could indicate aberrant glutamatergic signaling, or increased NMDA-receptor hypoactivity in patients who experience their voices to be more emotionally negative. Overall, the study provides support for the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Hjelmervik
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University college, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristiina Kompus
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Josef J Bless
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Igne Sinkeviciute
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Tran KH, Luki J, Hanstock S, Hanstock CC, Seres P, Aitchison K, Shandro T, Le Melledo JM. A comparative magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of GABA+ and glutamate referenced to creatine and phosphocreatine in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of perimenopausal women and women of reproductive age. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:989050. [PMID: 36386999 PMCID: PMC9644378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The perimenopause is associated with an increased risk of developing a major depressive (MD) episode. The biological changes occurring during perimenopause responsible for this increased risk of depression remain to be elucidated. Postmortem and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have revealed decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of MD patients. The objective of this study was to compare LDLPFC GABA+ and Glu ratios (referenced to creatine and phosphocreatine) in healthy reproductive-aged (RD) and perimenopausal (PM) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen healthy PM and 20 RD women were included in the study. Our dependent variables, LDLPFC Glu and GABA+ ratios which include homocarnosine and macromolecules, were measured via MRS, using a 3 Tesla magnet. Absence of current or past psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed via a structured interview. RD participants were scanned during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (MC). PM women were scanned outside of ovulatory cycles. RESULTS Mean LDLPFC GABA+ and Glu ratios were not statistically different between the PM group and RD group (PM mean = 0.10 ± 0.06, RD mean = 0.11 ± 0.04, t = -0.383, df = 36, d = -0.13, p = 0.70) (PM mean = 0.56 ± 0.06, RD mean = 0.57 ± 0.05, t = -0.794, df = 36, d = -0.26, p = 0.43), respectively. The perimenopause demarcates the end of the reproductive life. Unsurprisingly PM women were older than RD women (PM women: 48.8 ± 3.55 years, range 41-53 years old; RD women: 31.5 ± 9.66 years, range 18-47 years old) (p < 0.001). This inherent entanglement of group and age is a limitation of our study. CONCLUSION Contrary to our previous findings of decreased GABA+ and Glu in the medial prefrontal cortex in perimenopausal women, the perimenopause is not associated with decreased GABA+ or Glu ratios in the LDLPFC. This suggests that brain areas playing a role in MD display different sensitivity to the female hormones fluctuations associated with perimenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim H Tran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Luki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah Hanstock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Division of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Section, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Tami Shandro
- Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Vilca-Melendez S, Uthaug MV, Griffin JL. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Future Approach to the Metabolic Profiling of Psychedelics in Human Biofluids? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:742856. [PMID: 34966300 PMCID: PMC8710695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.742856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While psychedelics may have therapeutic potential for treating mental health disorders such as depression, further research is needed to better understand their biological effects and mechanisms of action when considering the development of future novel therapy approaches. Psychedelic research could potentially benefit from the integration of metabonomics by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy which is an analytical chemistry-based approach that can measure the breakdown of drugs into their metabolites and their metabolic consequences from various biofluids. We have performed a systematic review with the primary aim of exploring published literature where 1H NMR analysed psychedelic substances including psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), LSD derivatives, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and bufotenin. The second aim was to assess the benefits and limitations of 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics as a tool in psychedelic research and the final aim was to explore potential future directions. We found that the most current use of 1H NMR in psychedelic research has been for the structural elucidation and analytical characterisation of psychedelic molecules and that no papers used 1H NMR in the metabolic profiling of biofluids, thus exposing a current research gap and the underuse of 1H NMR. The efficacy of 1H NMR spectroscopy was also compared to mass spectrometry, where both metabonomics techniques have previously shown to be appropriate for biofluid analysis in other applications. Additionally, potential future directions for psychedelic research were identified as real-time NMR, in vivo 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 1H NMR studies of the gut microbiome. Further psychedelic studies need to be conducted that incorporate the use of 1H NMR spectroscopy in the analysis of metabolites both in the peripheral biofluids and in vivo to determine whether it will be an effective future approach for clinical and naturalistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana Vilca-Melendez
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malin V. Uthaug
- The Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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69
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Ermis C, Aydin B, Kucukguclu S, Yurt A, Renshaw PF, Yildiz A. Association Between Anterior Cingulate Cortex Neurochemical Profile and Clinical Remission After Electroconvulsive Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder: A Longitudinal 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. J ECT 2021; 37:263-269. [PMID: 33840802 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurochemical profile of patients with unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) by using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHOD Using 1H-MRS, the metabolite levels of choline, glutamate + glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol, N-acetylaspartate, and total creatine were measured in ACC before and after 4-week ECT. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was implemented by blind raters to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy-remitter (ER) and nonremitter groups were compared using the 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Thirty patients with unipolar MDD (aged 41.3 ± 10.0 years, 66.7% female) were included in the study. The ER group (n = 16, 53.3%) and NR group did not differ regarding baseline Global Assessment of Functioning and MADRS scores. At the end of 4-week ECT treatment, results did not suggest any significant difference for metabolite levels in ACC. When compared with the NR group, the ER group had higher baseline levels of Glx (8.8 ± 1.8 vs 6.3 ± 2.0, P = 0.005) and total creatine (5.3 ± 0.6 vs 4.7 ± 0.5, P = 0.010). In addition, elevated baseline Glx (r = -0.68, P = 0.002) was associated with lower MADRS scores at the end treatment. Finally, the change in Glx levels was correlated with change in MADRS scores after ECT (r = 0.47, P = 0.049). LIMITATIONS Modest sample size and 1H-MRS at 1.5 Tesla are limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that Glx levels could be a predictor of remission. Studies with larger samples should explore neurochemical correlates of ECT in unipolar MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Ermis
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir
| | - Burc Aydin
- Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa
| | - Semih Kucukguclu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine
| | - Aysegul Yurt
- Department of Medical Physics, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Aysegul Yildiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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70
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Wei H, Frey AM, Jasanoff A. Molecular fMRI of neurochemical signaling. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 364:109372. [PMID: 34597714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely applied technique for brain-wide measurement of neural function in humans and animals. In conventional functional MRI (fMRI), brain signaling is detected indirectly, via localized activity-dependent changes in regional blood flow, oxygenation, and volume, to which MRI contrast can be readily sensitized. Although such hemodynamic fMRI methods are powerful tools for analysis of brain activity, they lack specificity for the many molecules and cell types that play functionally distinct roles in neural processing. A suite of techniques collectively known to as "molecular fMRI," addresses this limitation by permitting MRI-based detection of specific molecular processes in deep brain tissue. This review discusses how molecular fMRI is coming to be used in the study of neurochemical dynamics that mediate intercellular communication in the brain. Neurochemical molecular fMRI is a potentially powerful approach for mechanistic analysis of brain-wide function, but the techniques are still in early stages of development. Here we provide an overview of the major advances and results that have been achieved to date, as well as directions for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Abigail M Frey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.
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71
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Shyu C, Elsaid S, Truong P, Chavez S, Le Foll B. MR Spectroscopy of the Insula: Within- and between-Session Reproducibility of MEGA-PRESS Measurements of GABA+ and Other Metabolites. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111538. [PMID: 34827537 PMCID: PMC8615582 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula plays a critical role in many neuropsychological disorders. Research investigating its neurochemistry with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been limited compared with cortical regions. Here, we investigate the within-session and between-session reproducibility of metabolite measurements in the insula on a 3T scanner. We measure N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine + phosphocreatine (tCr), glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine (tCho), myo-inositol (Ins), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in one cohort using a j-edited MEGA-PRESS sequence. We measure tNAA, tCr, tCho, Ins, and Glx in another cohort with a standard short-TE PRESS sequence as a reference for the reproducibility metrics. All participants were scanned 4 times identically: 2 back-to-back scans each day, on 2 days. Preprocessing was done using LCModel and Gannet. Reproducibility was determined using Pearson’s r, intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV%), and Bland–Altman plots. A MEGA-PRESS protocol requiring averaged results over two 6:45-min scans yielded reproducible GABA measurements (CV% = 7.15%). This averaging also yielded reproducibility metrics comparable to those from PRESS for the other metabolites. Voxel placement inconsistencies did not affect reproducibility, and no sex differences were found. The data suggest that MEGA-PRESS can reliably measure standard metabolites and GABA in the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shyu
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (C.S.); (S.E.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (P.T.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sonja Elsaid
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (C.S.); (S.E.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (P.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter Truong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (P.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (P.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (C.S.); (S.E.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Concurrent Outpatient Medical & Psychosocial Addiction Support Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-535-8501
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72
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Swanberg KM, Prinsen H, DeStefano K, Bailey M, Kurada AV, Pitt D, Fulbright RK, Juchem C. In vivo evidence of differential frontal cortex metabolic abnormalities in progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4590. [PMID: 34318959 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of progressive multiple sclerosis remains elusive, significantly limiting available disease-modifying therapies. Proton MRS (1 H-MRS) enables in vivo measurement of small molecules implicated in multiple sclerosis, but its application to key metabolites glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione has been sparse. We employed, at 7 T, a previously validated 1 H-MRS protocol to measure glutamate, GABA, and glutathione, as well as glutamine, N-acetyl aspartate, choline, and myoinositol, in the frontal cortex of individuals with relapsing-remitting (N = 26) or progressive (N = 21) multiple sclerosis or healthy control adults (N = 25) in a cross-sectional analysis. Only individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis demonstrated reduced glutamate (F2,65 = 3.424, p = 0.04; 12.40 ± 0.62 mM versus control 13.17 ± 0.95 mM, p = 0.03) but not glutamine (F2,65 = 0.352, p = 0.7; 4.71 ± 0.35 mM versus control 4.84 ± 0.42 mM), reduced GABA (F2,65 = 3.89, p = 0.03; 1.29 ± 0.23 mM versus control 1.47 ± 0.25 mM, p = 0.05), and possibly reduced glutathione (F2,65 = 0.352, p = 0.056; 2.23 ± 0.46 mM versus control 2.51 ± 0.48 mM, p < 0.1). As a group, multiple sclerosis patients demonstrated significant negative correlations between disease duration and glutamate or GABA (ρ = -0.4, p = 0.02) but not glutamine or glutathione. Alone, only relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients exhibited a significant negative correlation between disease duration and GABA (ρ = -0.5, p = 0.03). Taken together, these results indicate that frontal cortex metabolism is differentially disturbed in progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M Swanberg
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - Hetty Prinsen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katherine DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Bailey
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abhinav V Kurada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert K Fulbright
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Steinegger CA, Zoelch N, Hock A, Henning A, Engeli EJ, Seifritz E, Hulka LM, Herdener M. Neurometabolic alterations in the nucleus accumbens of smokers assessed with 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The role of glutamate and neuroinflammation. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13027. [PMID: 33825270 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of premature death and morbidity worldwide. For smokers trying to quit, relapse rates are high, even after prolonged periods of abstinence. Recent findings in animal models highlight the role of alterations in glutamatergic projections from the prefrontal cortex onto the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in relapse vulnerability. Moreover, inflammatory responses in the NAc have been reported during withdrawal. A novel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) protocol was applied in humans to measure molar concentrations for glutamate, its sum with glutamine (Glx), and myoinositol plus glycine (mI + Gly) in the NAc (19 smokers, 20 matched controls). Smokers were measured at baseline and during withdrawal and satiation. No difference between groups or smoking states was found for glutamate or Glx, but, in smokers, stronger craving and more severe nicotine dependence were associated with lower baseline glutamate and Glx levels, respectively. Interestingly, mI + Gly concentrations were higher during withdrawal than baseline and correlated negatively with nicotine dependence severity and pack years of smoking. The lack of glutamatergic changes between groups and smoking states may imply that glutamate homeostasis is not significantly altered in smokers or that changes are too small for detection by 1 H-MRS. Moreover, the observed increase in mI + Gly may imply that neuroinflammatory processes occur in the NAc during nicotine withdrawal. These findings shed light on neurobiological relapse mechanisms in smokers and may provide the opportunity to develop more effective treatment options targeting the glutamate and neuroinflammation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette A. Steinegger
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Zoelch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hock
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas US
| | - Etna J.E. Engeli
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lea M. Hulka
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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de Godoy LL, Studart-Neto A, Wylezinska-Arridge M, Tsunemi MH, Moraes NC, Yassuda MS, Coutinho AM, Buchpiguel CA, Nitrini R, Bisdas S, da Costa Leite C. The Brain Metabolic Signature in Superagers Using In Vivo 1H-MRS: A Pilot Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1790-1797. [PMID: 34446458 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Youthful memory performance in older adults may reflect an underlying resilience to the conventional pathways of aging. Subjects having this unusual characteristic have been recently termed "superagers." This study aimed to explore the significance of imaging biomarkers acquired by 1H-MRS to characterize superagers and to differentiate them from their normal-aging peers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients older than 80 years of age were screened using a detailed neuropsychological protocol, and 25 participants, comprising 12 superagers and 13 age-matched controls, were statistically analyzed. We used state-of-the-art 3T 1H-MR spectroscopy to quantify 18 neurochemicals in the posterior cingulate cortex of our subjects. All 1H-MR spectroscopy data were analyzed using LCModel. Results were further processed using 2 approaches to investigate the technique accuracy: 1) comparison of the average concentration of metabolites estimated with Cramer-Rao lower bounds <20%; and 2) calculation and comparison of the weighted means of metabolites' concentrations. RESULTS The main finding observed was a higher total N-acetyl aspartate concentration in superagers than in age-matched controls using both approaches (P = .02 and P = .03 for the weighted means), reflecting a positive association of total N-acetyl aspartate with higher cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS 1H-MR spectroscopy emerges as a promising technique to unravel neurochemical mechanisms related to cognitive aging in vivo and providing a brain metabolic signature in superagers. This may contribute to monitoring future interventional therapies to avoid or postpone the pathologic processes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L de Godoy
- From the Department of Radiology and Oncology (L.L.d.G., C.d.C.L.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.W.-A., S.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - A Studart-Neto
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Wylezinska-Arridge
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.W.-A., S.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - M H Tsunemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences (M.H.T.), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N C Moraes
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Yassuda
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Coutinho
- Division and Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (A.M.C., C.A.B.), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Buchpiguel
- Division and Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (A.M.C., C.A.B.), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R Nitrini
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Bisdas
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.W.-A., S.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - C da Costa Leite
- From the Department of Radiology and Oncology (L.L.d.G., C.d.C.L.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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75
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Caldwell S, Rothman DL. 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Understand the Biological Basis of ALS, Diagnose Patients Earlier, and Monitor Disease Progression. Front Neurol 2021; 12:701170. [PMID: 34512519 PMCID: PMC8429815 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, limited biomarkers exist to reliably understand, diagnose, and monitor the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurological disease characterized by motor neuron death. Standard MRI technology can only be used to exclude a diagnosis of ALS, but 1H-MRS technology, which measures neurochemical composition, may provide the unique ability to reveal biomarkers that are specific to ALS and sensitive enough to diagnose patients at early stages in disease progression. In this review, we present a summary of current theories of how mitochondrial energetics and an altered glutamate/GABA neurotransmitter flux balance play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The theories are synthesized into a model that predicts how pathogenesis impacts glutamate and GABA concentrations. When compared with the results of all MRS studies published to date that measure the absolute concentrations of these neurochemicals in ALS patients, results were variable. However, when normalized for neuronal volume using the MRS biomarker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), there is clear evidence for an elevation of neuronal glutamate in nine out of thirteen studies reviewed, an observation consistent with the predictions of the model of increased activity of glutamatergic neurons and excitotoxicity. We propose that this increase in neuronal glutamate concentration, in combination with decreased neuronal volume, is specific to the pathology of ALS. In addition, when normalized to glutamate levels, there is clear evidence for a decrease in neuronal GABA in three out of four possible studies reviewed, a finding consistent with a loss of inhibitory regulation contributing to excessive neuronal excitability. The combination of a decreased GABA/Glx ratio with an elevated Glx/NAA ratio may enhance the specificity for 1H-MRS detection of ALS and ability to monitor glutamatergic and GABAergic targeted therapeutics. Additional longitudinal studies calculating the exact value of these ratios are needed to test these hypotheses and understand how ratios may change over the course of disease progression. Proposed modifications to the experimental design of the reviewed 1H MRS studies may also increase the sensitivity of the technology to changes in these neurochemicals, particularly in early stages of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Caldwell
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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76
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Zhang H, Chiu PW, Ip I, Liu T, Wong GHY, Song YQ, Wong SWH, Herrup K, Mak HKF. Asymmetric left-right hippocampal glutamatergic modulation of cognitive control in ApoE-isoform subjects is unrelated to neuroinflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5310-5326. [PMID: 34309092 PMCID: PMC9290961 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The glutamatergic cycle is essential in modulating memory processing by the hippocampal circuitry. Our combined proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) and task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study (using face‐name paired‐associates encoding and retrieval task) of a cognitively normal cohort of 67 healthy adults (18 ApoE4 carriers and 49 non‐ApoE4 carriers) found altered patterns of relationships between glutamatergic‐modulated synaptic signalling and neuronal activity or functional hyperaemia in the ApoE4 isoforms. Our study highlighted the asymmetric left–right hippocampal glutamatergic system in modulating neuronal activities in ApoE4 carriers versus non‐carriers. Such brain differentiation might be developmental cognitive advantages or compensatory due to impaired synaptic integrity and plasticity in ApoE4 carriers. As there was no difference in myoinositol levels measured by MRS between the ApoE4 and non‐ApoE4 subgroups, the mechanism is unlikely to be a response to neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pui Wai Chiu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Isaac Ip
- Department of Educational Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianyin Liu
- Department of Social Work and Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gloria Hoi Yan Wong
- Department of Social Work and Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Savio Wai Ho Wong
- Department of Educational Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Alzheimer Disease Research Centre, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henry Ka Fung Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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77
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Siegel-Ramsay JE, Romaniuk L, Whalley HC, Roberts N, Branigan H, Stanfield AC, Lawrie SM, Dauvermann MR. Glutamate and functional connectivity - support for the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance hypothesis in autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 313:111302. [PMID: 34030047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that the Glutamate (Glu) system is implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) via an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain circuits, which impacts on brain function. Here, we investigated the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance theory by measuring Glu-concentrations and the relationship with resting-state function. Nineteen adult males with ASD and 19 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) (23 - 58 years) underwent Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Glu and Glx concentrations were compared between groups. Seed-based functional connectivity was analyzed with a priori seeds of the right and left dACC. Finally, metabolite concentrations were related to functional connectivity coefficients and compared between both groups. Individuals with ASD showed significantly negative associations between increased Glx concentrations and reduced functional connectivity between the dACC and insular, limbic and parietal regions. In contrast, HC displayed a positive relationship between the same metabolite and connectivity measures. We provided new evidence to support the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance theory, where excitatory Glx concentrations were related to functional dysconnectivity in ASD. Future research is needed to investigate large-scale functional networks in association with both excitatory and inhibitory metabolites in subpopulations of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Siegel-Ramsay
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas, Austin, United States
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Roberts
- Centre for Reproductive Health (CRH), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Branigan
- School of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Stanfield
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria R Dauvermann
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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78
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Schulte MHJ, Goudriaan AE, Boendermaker WJ, van den Brink W, Wiers RW. The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on glutamate concentrations in the dACC and rACC in regular cocaine users - A randomized proof of concept study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136146. [PMID: 34332028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatments for cocaine use disorder (CUD) are not very effective and better treatments are needed. This study investigates the effectiveness of a combined intervention that targets the assumed underlying glutamate pathology in cocaine users. To this end, the combined effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and working memory (WM) training on glutamate concentrations in the dorsal and rostral ACC were investigated in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled design. METHODS In this study, 38 regular cocaine-using men were randomized to either 25-days with 2400 mg/day NAC and WM-training or 25 days with placebo with WM-training. Cocaine use, impulsivity, and glutamate concentrations in the dACC and rACC using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy were assessed at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS Twenty-four participants completed the study, of which 9 received NAC and 15 received placebo. There were no baseline correlations of glutamate concentrations in the dACC or rACC with cocaine use measures or impulsivity. Additionally, there were no effects of NAC, WM-training, or the combination thereof on (changes in) glutamate concentrations in the dACC or rACC. DISCUSSION This randomized proof of concept study could not confirm our hypotheses. Possible explanations are insufficient power and the possible absence of deviant baseline glutamate concentrations in the included participants. Future studies should consider larger samples and a non-using control group to confirm baseline deviations in glutamate in cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke H J Schulte
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Faculty of Movement and Behavioral Science, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Section of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Arkin, Department of Research and Quality of Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Boendermaker
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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79
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Basu SK, Pradhan S, du Plessis AJ, Ben-Ari Y, Limperopoulos C. GABA and glutamate in the preterm neonatal brain: In-vivo measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118215. [PMID: 34058332 PMCID: PMC8404144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and behavioral disabilities in preterm infants, even without obvious brain injury on conventional neuroimaging, underscores a critical need to identify the subtle underlying microstructural and biochemical derangements. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems undergo rapid maturation during the crucial late gestation and early postnatal life, and are at-risk of disruption after preterm birth. Animal and human autopsy studies provide the bulk of current understanding since non-invasive specialized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure GABA and glutamate are not routinely available for this vulnerable population due to logistical and technical challenges. We review the specialized 1H-MRS techniques including MEscher-GArwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS), special challenges and considerations needed for interpretation of acquired data from the developing brain of preterm infants. We summarize the limited in-vivo preterm data, highlight the gaps in knowledge, and discuss future directions for optimal integration of available in-vivo approaches to understand the influence of GABA and glutamate on neurodevelopmental outcomes after preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepta K Basu
- Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Subechhya Pradhan
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- Fetal Medicine institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States.
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80
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Rideaux R. No balance between glutamate+glutamine and GABA+ in visual or motor cortices of the human brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118191. [PMID: 34023450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical work, supported by electrophysiological evidence, asserts that a balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I) is critical for healthy brain function. In magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies, the ratio of excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA) neurotransmitters is often used as a proxy for this E/I balance. Recent MRS work found a positive correlation between GABA+ and Glx (glutamate+glutamine) in medial parietal cortex, providing validation for this proxy and supporting the link between the E/I balance observed in electrophysiology and that detected with MRS. Here we assess the same relationship, between GABA+ and Glx, in visual and motor cortices of male and female human participants. We find moderate to strong evidence that there is no positive correlation between these neurotransmitters in either location. We show this holds true when controlling for a range of other factors (i.e., demographics, signal quality, tissue composition, other neurochemicals) and regardless of the state of neural activity (i.e., resting/active). These results show that there is no brain-wide balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and indicates a dissociation between the E/I balance observed in electrophysiological work and the ratio of MRS-detected neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Rideaux
- Department of Psychology, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, UK; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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81
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Cecil KM, Brunst KJ, Horowitz-Kraus T. Greater reading gain following intervention is associated with low magnetic resonance spectroscopy derived concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex in children with dyslexia. Brain Res 2021; 1759:147386. [PMID: 33631208 PMCID: PMC7980091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The "neural noise" hypothesis suggests that individuals with dyslexia have high glutamate concentrations associated with their reading challenges. Different reading intervention programs have showed low GLX (a combined measure for glutamine and glutamate obtained with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in association with reading improvement. Several studies demonstrated improved reading and increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex following an-executive-function (EF)-based reading intervention. The goals of the current study are two-fold: 1) to determine if the effect of the EF-based reading program extends also to the metabolite concentrations and in particular, on the GLX concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex; 2) to expand the neural noise hypothesis in dyslexia also to neural networks supporting additional parts of the reading networks, i.e. in specific regions related to executive function skills. METHODS Children with dyslexia and typical readers were trained on the EF-based reading program. Reading ability was assessed before and after training while spectroscopy data was obtained at the end of the program. The association between change in reading scores following intervention and GLX concentrations was examined. RESULTS Greater "gains" in word reading were associated with low GLX, Glu, Cr, and NAA concentrations for children with dyslexia compared to typical readers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the improvement reported following the EF-based reading intervention program also involved a low GLX concentration, as well as additional metabolites previously associated with better reading ability (Glx, Cr, NAA) which may point at the decreased neural noise, especially in the anterior cingulate cortex, as a possible mechanism for the effect of this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technicon Israel Institution of Technology, Israel; Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, United States; Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
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82
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Ferris JK, Neva JL, Vavasour IM, Attard KJ, Greeley B, Hayward KS, Wadden KP, MacKay AL, Boyd LA. Cortical N-acetylaspartate concentrations are impacted in chronic stroke but do not relate to motor impairment: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3119-3130. [PMID: 33939206 PMCID: PMC8193507 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures cerebral metabolite concentrations, which can inform our understanding of the neurobiological processes associated with stroke recovery. Here, we investigated whether metabolite concentrations in primary motor and somatosensory cortices (sensorimotor cortex) are impacted by stroke and relate to upper‐extremity motor impairment in 45 individuals with chronic stroke. Cerebral metabolite estimates were adjusted for cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue composition in the MRS voxel. Upper‐extremity motor impairment was indexed with the Fugl‐Meyer (FM) scale. N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) concentration was reduced bilaterally in stroke participants with right hemisphere lesions (n = 23), relative to right‐handed healthy older adults (n = 15; p = .006). Within the entire stroke sample (n = 45) NAA and glutamate/glutamine (GLX) were lower in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex, relative to the contralesional cortex (NAA: p < .001; GLX: p = .003). Lower ipsilesional NAA was related to greater extent of corticospinal tract (CST) injury, quantified by a weighted CST lesion load (p = .006). Cortical NAA and GLX concentrations did not relate to the severity of chronic upper‐extremity impairment (p > .05), including after a sensitivity analysis imputing missing metabolite data for individuals with large cortical lesions (n = 5). Our results suggest that NAA, a marker of neuronal integrity, is sensitive to stroke‐related cortical damage and may provide mechanistic insights into cellular processes of cortical adaptation to stroke. However, cortical MRS metabolites may have limited clinical utility as prospective biomarkers of upper‐extremity outcomes in chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Ferris
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason L Neva
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-sud-de-I'île de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irene M Vavasour
- Faculty of Medicine, UBC MRI Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kaitlin J Attard
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Greeley
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- School of Health Sciences, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, NHMRC CRE in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie P Wadden
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alex L MacKay
- Faculty of Medicine, UBC MRI Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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83
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Zhang H, Chiu PW, Ip I, Liu T, Wong GHY, Song YQ, Wong SWH, Herrup K, Mak HKF. Small-World Networks and Their Relationship With Hippocampal Glutamine/Glutamate Concentration in Healthy Adults With Varying Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:952-961. [PMID: 33939228 PMCID: PMC8453801 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (ApoE4) is the most common gene polymorphism related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impaired synaptic dysfunction occurs in ApoE4 carriers before any clinical symptoms. It remains unknown whether ApoE4 status affects the hippocampal neuromodulation, which further influences brain network topology. Purpose To study the relationship of regional and global network properties by using graph theory analysis and glutamatergic (Glx) neuromodulation in the ApoE isoforms. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Eighty‐four cognitively normal adults (26 ApoE4 and 58 non‐ApoE4 carriers). Field Strength/Sequence Gradient‐echo echo‐planar and point resolved spectroscopy sequence at 3 T. Assessment Glx concentration in bilateral hippocampi were processed with jMRUI (4.0), and graph theory metrics (global: γ, λ, small‐worldness in whole brain; regional: nodal clustering coefficient (Ci) and nodal characteristic path length (Li)) in top 20% highly connected hubs of subgroups (low‐risk: non‐ApoE4; high‐risk: APOE4) were calculated and compared. Statistical Tests Two‐sample t test was used to compare metrics between subgroups. Correlations between regional properties and Glx by Pearson's partial correlation with false discovery rate correction. Results Significant differences (P < 0.05) in Ci between subgroups were found in hubs of left inferior frontal, bilateral inferior temporal, and bilateral precentral gyri, right parahippocampus, and bilateral precuneus. In addition, there was a significant correlation between Glx in the left hippocampus and Ci in inferior frontal gyrus (r = −0.537, P = 0.024), right inferior temporal (r = −0.478, P = 0.043), right parahippocampus (r = −0.629, P = 0.016), left precentral (r = −0.581, P = 0.022), right precentral (r = −0.651, P = 0.003), left precuneus (r = −0.545, P = 0.024), and right precuneus (r = −0.567, P = 0.022); and Li in left precuneus (r = 0.575, P = 0.032) and right precuneus (r = 0.586, P = 0.032) in the high‐risk group, but not in the low‐risk group. Data Conclusion Our results suggested that healthy ApoE4 carriers exhibit poorer local interconnectivity. Moreover, the close relationship between glutamate and small‐world network properties in ApoE4 carriers might reflect a compensatory response to the impaired network efficiency. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pui W Chiu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Isaac Ip
- Department of Educational Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianyin Liu
- Department of Social Work and Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gloria H Y Wong
- Department of Social Work and Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Savio W H Wong
- Department of Educational Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Alzheimer Disease Research Centre, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henry K F Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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84
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Bell T, Boudes ES, Loo RS, Barker GJ, Lythgoe DJ, Edden RAE, Lebel RM, Wilson M, Harris AD. In vivo Glx and Glu measurements from GABA-edited MRS at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4245. [PMID: 31990112 PMCID: PMC7384936 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In vivo quantification of glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using MRS is often achieved using two separate sequences: a short-echo point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) acquisition for Glu and a Mescher-Garwood PRESS (MEGA-PRESS) acquisition for GABA. The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement of Glu and Glx (the combined signal of glutamate + glutamine) quantified from two different GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS acquisitions (GABA plus macromolecules, GABA+, TE = 68 ms, and macromolecule suppressed, MMSup, TE = 80 ms) with Glu and Glx quantified from a short-echo PRESS (PRESS-35, TE = 35 ms) acquisition. Fifteen healthy male volunteers underwent a single scan session, in which data were acquired using the three acquisitions (GABA+, MMSup and PRESS-35) in both the sensorimotor and anterior cingulate cortices using a voxel size of 3 × 3 × 3 cm3 . Glx and Glu were quantified from the MEGA-PRESS data using both the OFF sub-spectra and the difference (DIFF) spectra. Agreement was assessed using correlation analyses, Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients. Glx quantified from the OFF sub-spectra from both the GABA+ and MMSup acquisitions showed poor agreement with PRESS-35 in both brain regions. In the sensorimotor cortex, Glu quantified from the OFF sub-spectra of GABA+ showed moderate agreement with PRESS-35 data, but this finding was not replicated in the anterior cingulate cortex. Glx and Glu quantified using the DIFF spectra of either MEGA-PRESS sequence were in poor agreement with the PRESS-35 data in both brain regions. In conclusion, Glx and Glu measured from MEGA-PRESS data generally showed poor agreement with Glx and Glu measured using PRESS-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elodie S Boudes
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rachelle S Loo
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Richard AE Edden
- Russel H Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- F.M. Kirby Centre for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
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85
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García-Aguilera ME, de San Miguel ER, Cruz-Pérez J, Aguirre-Cruz L, Ramirez-Alfaro CM, Esturau-Escofet N. NMR-based metabolomics of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies signature of brain death. Metabolomics 2021; 17:40. [PMID: 33864540 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain death (BD) is the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biological liquid that circulates in brain and spine. Metabolomics is able to reveal the response of biological systems to diverse factors in a specific moment or condition. Therefore, the study of this neurological condition through metabolic profiling using high resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is important for understanding biochemical events. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to identify the metabolomics signature of BD using 1H-NMR spectroscopy in human CSF. METHODS 1H-NMR spectroscopy has been employed for metabolomic untargeted analysis in 46 CSF samples: 22 control and 24 with BD. Spectral data were further subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant multivariate models separated subject's samples with BD from controls and revealed twenty one discriminatory metabolites. The statistical analysis of control and BD subjects using Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model resulted in R2X of 0.733 and Q2 of 0.635. An elevation in the concentration of statistically discriminant metabolites in BD was observed. CONCLUSION This study identifies a metabolic signature associated with BD and the most relevant enriched selected metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E García-Aguilera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Cruz-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucinda Aguirre-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian M Ramirez-Alfaro
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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86
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Nada A, Leiva-Salinas C, Mahdi E, Mahmoud E, Ahsan H, Cousins JP. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation: Case series and review of literature. Clin Imaging 2021; 78:38-44. [PMID: 33740578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation is a rare disorder in the spectrum of cerebral amyloid angiopathy which is characterized by vascular and/or perivascular inflammation related to Aβ deposits. Clinically, the patient typically presents with acute to subacute encephalitis-like symptoms with focal neurological deficits, rapidly cognitive decline, and/or seizures. Typical magnetic resonance imaging findings include asymmetric mass-like non-enhancing white matter hyperintensity with scattered microhemorrhages. Additionally, in these cases diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy help to exclude neoplastic processes and could determine the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Nada
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Carlos Leiva-Salinas
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Eman Mahdi
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Esmat Mahmoud
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Humera Ahsan
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Joseph Paul Cousins
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Health Care, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
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87
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Williamson JB, Lamb DG, Porges EC, Bottari S, Woods AJ, Datta S, Langer K, Cohen RA. Cerebral Metabolite Concentrations Are Associated With Cortical and Subcortical Volumes and Cognition in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:587104. [PMID: 33613261 PMCID: PMC7886995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.587104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral metabolites are associated with different physiological processes in brain aging. Cortical and limbic structures play important roles in cognitive aging; however, the relationship between these structures and age remains unclear with respect to physiological underpinnings. Regional differences in metabolite levels may be related to different structural and cognitive changes in aging. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were obtained from 117 cognitively healthy older adults. Limbic and other key structural volumes were measured. Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) were measured in frontal and parietal regions. Neuropsychological testing was performed including measures of crystallized and fluid intelligence and memory. Results NAA in the frontal voxel was associated with limbic and cortical volumes, whereas Cho in parietal cortex was negatively associated with hippocampal and other regional volumes. Hippocampal volume was associated with forgetting, independent of age. Further, parietal Cho and hippocampal volume contributed independent variance to age corrected discrepancy between fluid and crystallized abilities. Conclusion These findings suggest that physiological changes with age in the frontal and parietal cortices may be linked to structural changes in other connected brain regions. These changes are differentially associated with cognitive performance, suggesting potentially divergent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Williamson
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Damon G Lamb
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Bottari
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Somnath Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kailey Langer
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
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88
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Cheng H, Wang A, Newman S, Dydak U. An investigation of glutamate quantification with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4453. [PMID: 33617070 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter. Although many studies have measured glutamate concentration in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), researchers have not reached a consensus on the accuracy of glutamate quantification at the field strength of 3 T. Besides, there is not an optimal MRS protocol for glutamate measurement. In this work, both simulation and phantom scans indicate that glutamate can be estimated with reasonable accuracy (<10% error on average) using the standard Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) technique with TE 30 ms; glutamine, however, is likely underestimated, which is also suggested by results from human scans using the same protocol. The phantom results show an underestimation of glutamate and glutamine for PRESS with long TE and MEGA-PRESS off-resonance spectra. Despite the underestimation, there is a high correlation between the measured values and the true values (r > 0.8). Our results suggest that the quantification of glutamate and glutamine is reliable but can be off by a scaling factor, depending on the imaging technique. The outputs from all three PRESS sequences (TE = 30, 68 and 80 ms) are also highly correlated with each other (r > 0.7) and moderately correlated (r > 0.5) with the results from the MEGA-PRESS difference spectra with moderate to good shimming (linewidth < 16 Hz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda Wang
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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89
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Jelen LA, Lythgoe DJ, Jackson JB, Howard MA, Stone JM, Egerton A. Imaging Brain Glx Dynamics in Response to Pressure Pain Stimulation: A 1H-fMRS Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:681419. [PMID: 34393848 PMCID: PMC8357306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signalling is increasingly implicated across a range of psychiatric, neurological and pain disorders. Reliable methodologies are needed to probe the glutamate system and understand glutamate dynamics in vivo. Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-fMRS) is a technique that allows measurement of glutamatergic metabolites over time in response to task conditions including painful stimuli. In this study, 18 healthy volunteers underwent 1H-fMRS during a pressure-pain paradigm (8 blocks of REST and 8 blocks of PAIN) across two separate sessions. During each session, estimates of glutamate + glutamine (Glx), scaled to total creatine (tCr = creatine + phosphocreatine) were determined for averaged REST and PAIN conditions within two separate regions of interest: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsal ACC (dACC). A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance determined a significant main effect of CONDITION (p = 0.025), with higher Glx/tCr during PAIN compared to REST across combined sessions, in the dACC ROI only. However, increases in dACC Glx/tCr during PAIN compared to REST showed limited reliability and reproducibility across sessions. Future test-retest 1H-fMRS studies should examine modified or alternative paradigms to determine more reliable methodologies to challenge the glutamate system that may then be applied in patient groups and experimental medicine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Jelen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jade B Jackson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M Stone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Egerton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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90
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Biria M, Cantonas LM, Banca P. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 49:231-268. [PMID: 33751502 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterised by structural and functional deficits in the cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry and abnormal neurochemical changes are thought to modulate these deficits. The hypothesis that an imbalanced concentration of the brain neurotransmitters, in particular glutamate (Glu) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), could impair the normal functioning of the CSTC, thus leading to OCD symptoms, has been tested in humans using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET). This chapter summarises these neurochemical findings and represents an attempt to condense such scattered literature. We also discuss potential challenges in the field that may explain the inconsistent findings and suggest ways to overcome them. There is some convergent research from MRS pointing towards abnormalities in the brain concentration of neurometabolite markers of neuronal integrity, such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho). Lower NAA levels have been found in dorsal and rostral ACC of OCD patients (as compared to healthy volunteers), which increase after CBT and SSRI treatment, and higher Cho concentration has been reported in the thalamus of the OCD brain. However, findings for other neurometabolites are very inconsistent. Studies have reported abnormalities in the concentrations of creatine (Cr), GABA, glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), Ins (myo-inositol), and serotonin (5-HT), but most of the results were not replicated. The question remains whether the NAA and Cho findings are genuinely the only neurochemical abnormalities in OCD or whether the lack of consistent findings for the other neurometabolites is caused by the lower magnetic field (1-3 Tesla (T)) used by the studies conducted so far, their small sample sizes or a lack of proper control for medication effects. To answer these questions and to further inform the biological underpinning of the symptoms and the cognitive problems at the basis of OCD we need better controlled studies using clear medicated vs unmedicated groups, larger sample sizes, stronger magnetic fields (e.g. at 7 T), and more consistency in the definition of the regions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Biria
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Paula Banca
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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91
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Yap S, Luki J, Hanstock CC, Seres P, Shandro T, Hanstock SEC, Lirette A, Zhao HH, Aitchison KJ, Le Melledo JM. Decreased Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Levels in Perimenopausal Women. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:763562. [PMID: 34966302 PMCID: PMC8710490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.763562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is an increased risk of experiencing depression during perimenopause (PM), a period of rapidly changing female hormone concentrations. Women at particular risk of developing major depression (MD) during PM are those with history of mood sensitivity to female hormone fluctuations i.e., women with a history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and/or post-partum depression (PPD). Depressive symptomology has been associated with fluctuations of glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in MD patients as well as PMDD and PPD patients. The objective of the study was to compare MPFC Glu levels in healthy perimenopausal and reproductive-aged (RD) women. Methods: Medial prefrontal cortex Glu levels in healthy perimenopausal (n = 15) and healthy RD women (n = 16) were compared via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) scan using a 3 Tesla (T) magnet. Absence of depressive symptomology and psychiatric comorbidity was confirmed via semi-structured interview. Participants were scanned during the early follicular phase (FP) of the menstrual cycle (MC). Results: Mean MPFC Glu concentrations were decreased in the PM group compared to RD group (PM mean = 0.57 ± 0.03, RD mean = 0.63 ± 0.06, t = -3.84, df = 23.97, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels. This decrease may be contributing to the increased risk of experiencing depression during PM. Further research should assess MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Yap
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Luki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tami Shandro
- Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Alynna Lirette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Katherine J Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,The Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Edmonton Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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92
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Bhattacharyya P, Anand A, Lin J, Altinay M. Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glx/tCr Predicts Efficacy of High Frequency 4- to 6-Week rTMS Treatment and Is Associated With Symptom Improvement in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Findings From a Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665347. [PMID: 34925079 PMCID: PMC8677827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20-40% of estimated 121 million patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are not adequately responsive to medication treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive, non-convulsive neuromodulation/neurostimulation method, has gained popularity in treatment of MDD. Because of the high cost involved in rTMS therapy, ability to predict the therapy effectiveness is both clinically and cost wise significant. This study seeks an imaging biomarker to predict efficacy of rTMS treatment using a standard high frequency 10-Hz 4- to 6-week protocol in adult population. Given the significance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathophysiology of MDD, and the involvement of the site of rTMS application, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC), in MDD, we explored lDLPFC Glx (Glu + glutamine) and GABA levels, measured by single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with total creatine (tCr; sum of creatine and phosphocreatine) as reference, as possible biomarkers of rTMS response prediction. Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) MRS data from 7 patients (40-74 y) were used in the study; 6 of these patients were scanned before and after 6 weeks of rTMS therapy. Findings from this study show inverse correlation between pretreatment lDLPFC Glx/tCr and (i) posttreatment depression score and (ii) change in depression score, suggesting higher Glx/tCr as a predictor of treatment efficacy. In addition association was observed between changes in depression scores and changes in Glx/tCr ratio. The preliminary findings did not show any such association between GABA/tCr and depression score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhattacharyya
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jian Lin
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Murat Altinay
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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93
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Giménez M, Cano M, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Real E, Alonso P, Segalàs C, Munuera J, Kegeles LS, Weinstein JJ, Xu X, Menchón JM, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Fullana MA. Is glutamate associated with fear extinction and cognitive behavior therapy outcome in OCD? A pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:1003-1014. [PMID: 31432262 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention is a well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is based on the principles of fear extinction. Fear extinction is linked to structural and functional variability in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and has been consistently associated with glutamate neurotransmission. The relationship between vmPFC glutamate and fear extinction and its effects on CBT outcome have not yet been explored in adults with OCD. We assessed glutamate levels in the vmPFC using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fear extinction (learning and recall) using skin conductance responses during a 2-day experimental paradigm in OCD patients (n = 17) and in healthy controls (HC; n = 13). Obsessive-compulsive patients (n = 12) then received manualized CBT. Glutamate in the vmPFC was negatively associated with fear extinction recall and positively associated with CBT outcome (with higher glutamate levels predicting a better outcome) in OCD patients. Glutamate levels in the vmPFC in OCD patients were not significantly different from those in HC, and were not associated with OCD severity. Our results suggest that glutamate in the vmPFC is associated with fear extinction recall and CBT outcome in adult OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Real
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Munuera
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fundació de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L S Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA
| | - J J Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Depression and Anxiety Program, Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Building B1, Ca n'Altayó, s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Fullana
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínic-Institute of Neurosciences, CIBERSAM, C/Rosselló 140, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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94
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Lea-Carnall CA, Williams SR, Sanaei-Nezhad F, Trujillo-Barreto NJ, Montemurro MA, El-Deredy W, Parkes LM. GABA Modulates Frequency-Dependent Plasticity in Humans. iScience 2020; 23:101657. [PMID: 33163932 PMCID: PMC7599432 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency-dependent reorganization of the primary somatosensory cortex, together with perceptual changes, arises following repetitive sensory stimulation. Here, we investigate the role of GABA in this process. We co-stimulated two finger tips and measured GABA and Glx using magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy at the beginning and end of the stimulation. Participants performed a perceptual learning task before and after stimulation. There were 2 sessions with stimulation frequency either at or above the resonance frequency of the primary somatosensory cortex (23 and 39 Hz, respectively). Perceptual learning occurred following above resonance stimulation only, while GABA reduced during this condition. Lower levels of early GABA were associated with greater perceptual learning. One possible mechanism underlying this finding is that cortical disinhibition “unmasks” lateral connections within the cortex to permit adaptation to the sensory environment. These results provide evidence in humans for a frequency-dependent inhibitory mechanism underlying learning and suggest a mechanism-based approach for optimizing neurostimulation frequency. In the context of repetitive sensory stimulation, GABA release is frequency dependent Stimulating above the resonance frequency of the somatosensory cortex reduces GABA Perceptual learning is associated with a reduction in GABA Early GABA reduction opens a window for plasticity and learning
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Lea-Carnall
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Faezeh Sanaei-Nezhad
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nelson J. Trujillo-Barreto
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcelo A. Montemurro
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Corresponding author
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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95
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Archibald J, MacMillan EL, Graf C, Kozlowski P, Laule C, Kramer JLK. Metabolite activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during a painful stimulus using functional MRS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19218. [PMID: 33154474 PMCID: PMC7645766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand neurochemical brain responses to pain, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is used in humans in vivo to examine various metabolites. Recent MRS investigations have adopted a functional approach, where acquisitions of MRS are performed over time to track task-related changes. Previous studies suggest glutamate is of primary interest, as it may play a role during cortical processing of noxious stimuli. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effect (i.e., glutamate) in the anterior cingulate cortex during noxious stimulation using fMRS. The analysis addressed changes in glutamate and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) associated with the onset of pain, and the degree by which fluctuations in metabolites corresponded with continuous pain outcomes. Results suggest healthy participants undergoing tonic noxious stimulation demonstrated increased concentrations of glutamate and Glx at the onset of pain. Subsequent reports of pain were not accompanied by corresponding changes in glutamate of Glx concentrations. An exploratory analysis on sex revealed large effect size changes in glutamate at pain onset in female participants, compared with medium-sized effects in male participants. We propose a role for glutamate in the ACC related to the detection of a noxious stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Archibald
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - E L MacMillan
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- ImageTech Lab, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, Canada
- Philips Healthcare Canada, Markham, Canada
| | - C Graf
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - P Kozlowski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Hughill Center, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Laule
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Hughill Center, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J L K Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health (DMCH), Vancouver, Canada
- Hughill Center, Vancouver, Canada
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96
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Brief mindfulness training increased glutamate metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1142-1145. [PMID: 32991525 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation has become a promising intervention for promoting health and well-being. Neuroimaging studies have shown its beneficial effects on brain functional activity, connectivity, and structures following months to years of practice. A series of randomized controlled trials indicated that one form of mindfulness meditation, the integrative body-mind training (IBMT) induces brain functional and structural changes in brain regions related to self-control networks such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after 2-10 h of practice. However, whether IBMT could change brain metabolism in the ACC remains unexplored. Utilizing a noninvasive 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, our results showed a significant increase in glutamate metabolism in the rostral ACC following 10 h of IBMT, suggesting that brief training not only increases ACC activity and structure, but also induces neurochemical changes in regions of the self-control networks. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the positive effects on brain metabolism in the ACC following brief intervention, suggesting a potential mechanism and implications of mindfulness meditation in ameliorating disorders such as addiction, depression and schizophrenia, which often involve the dysfunction of self-control networks and glutamatergic system (i.e. lower glutamate metabolism).
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97
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Andreou C, Borgwardt S. Structural and functional imaging markers for susceptibility to psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2773-2785. [PMID: 32066828 PMCID: PMC7577836 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of clinical criteria for the operationalization of psychosis high risk provided a basis for early detection and treatment of vulnerable individuals. However, about two-thirds of people meeting clinical high-risk (CHR) criteria will never develop a psychotic disorder. In the effort to increase prognostic precision, structural and functional neuroimaging have received growing attention as a potentially useful resource in the prediction of psychotic transition in CHR patients. The present review summarizes current research on neuroimaging biomarkers in the CHR state, with a particular focus on their prognostic utility and limitations. Large, multimodal/multicenter studies are warranted to address issues important for clinical applicability such as generalizability and replicability, standardization of clinical definitions and neuroimaging methods, and consideration of contextual factors (e.g., age, comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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98
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Walker JC, Teresi GI, Weisenburger RL, Segarra JR, Ojha A, Kulla A, Sisk L, Gu M, Spielman DM, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Maecker HT, Singh MK, Gotlib IH, Ho TC. Study Protocol for Teen Inflammation Glutamate Emotion Research (TIGER). Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:585512. [PMID: 33192421 PMCID: PMC7604389 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.585512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the study protocol for the Teen Inflammation Glutamate Emotion Research (TIGER) project, a longitudinal study in which we plan to recruit 60 depressed adolescents (ages 13–18 years) and 30 psychiatrically healthy controls in order to examine the inflammatory and glutamatergic pathways that contribute to the recurrence of depression in adolescents. TIGER is the first study to examine the effects of peripheral inflammation on neurodevelopmental trajectories by assessing changes in cortical glutamate in depressed adolescents. Here, we describe the scientific rationale, design, and methods for the TIGER project. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to this project and to provide details for investigators who may be seeking to replicate or extend these methods for other related research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Walker
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Giana I Teresi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Jillian R Segarra
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Artenisa Kulla
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucinda Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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99
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Frittoli RB, Pereira DR, Rittner L, Appenzeller S. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-MRS) in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: A systematic review. Lupus 2020; 29:1873-1884. [PMID: 33019878 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320961466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been shown to be an important non-invasive tool to quantify neuronal loss or damage in the investigation of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical utility of 1H-MRS in determining CNS involvement in individuals with rheumatic autoimmune diseases. METHODS This study is a systematic review of the literature, conducted during the month of November and December of 2019 of articles published in the last 16 years (2003-2019). The search for relevant references was done through the exploration of electronic databases (PubMed/Medline and Embase). We searched for studied including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), vasculitis and Behçet. Only studies published after 2003 and with more than 20 patients were included. RESULTS We included 26 articles. NAA/Cr ratios were significant lower and Cho/Cr ratios increased in several brain regions in SLE, SS, RA, SSc. Associations with disease activity, inflammatory markers, CNS manifestations and comorbidities was variable across studies and diseases. CONCLUSION The presence of neurometabolite abnormalities in patients without ouvert CNS manifestations, suggests that systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis or abnormal vascular reactivity may be associated with subclinical CNS manifestations. MRS may be a usefull non-invasive method for screening patients with risk for CNS manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia Rittner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology Lab, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas.,Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas
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100
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Fernández-García S, Conde-Berriozabal S, García-García E, Gort-Paniello C, Bernal-Casas D, García-Díaz Barriga G, López-Gil J, Muñoz-Moreno E, Soria G, Campa L, Artigas F, Rodríguez MJ, Alberch J, Masana M. M2 cortex-dorsolateral striatum stimulation reverses motor symptoms and synaptic deficits in Huntington's disease. eLife 2020; 9:57017. [PMID: 33016873 PMCID: PMC7535932 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor disturbances. HD pathology is most prominent in the striatum, the central hub of the basal ganglia. The cerebral cortex is the main striatal afferent, and progressive cortico-striatal disconnection characterizes HD. We mapped striatal network dysfunction in HD mice to ultimately modulate the activity of a specific cortico-striatal circuit to ameliorate motor symptoms and recover synaptic plasticity. Multimodal MRI in vivo indicates cortico-striatal and thalamo-striatal functional network deficits and reduced glutamate/glutamine ratio in the striatum of HD mice. Moreover, optogenetically-induced glutamate release from M2 cortex terminals in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) was undetectable in HD mice and striatal neurons show blunted electrophysiological responses. Remarkably, repeated M2-DLS optogenetic stimulation normalized motor behavior in HD mice and evoked a sustained increase of synaptic plasticity. Overall, these results reveal that selective stimulation of the M2-DLS pathway can become an effective therapeutic strategy in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-García
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Conde-Berriozabal
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-García
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Gort-Paniello
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Bernal-Casas
- Departament de Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerardo García-Díaz Barriga
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier López-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Mentales (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Mentales (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Rodríguez
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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