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Andresen E, Kappel S, Stärk HJ, Riegger U, Borovec J, Mattusch J, Heinz A, Schmelzer CEH, Matoušková Š, Dickinson B, Küpper H. Cadmium toxicity investigated at the physiological and biophysical levels under environmentally relevant conditions using the aquatic model plant Ceratophyllum demersum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1244-1258. [PMID: 26840406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant and is poisonous to most organisms. We aimed to unravel the mechanisms of Cd toxicity in the model water plant Ceratophyllum demersum exposed to low (nM) concentrations of Cd as are present in nature. Experiments were conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including nature-like light and temperature cycles, and a low biomass to water ratio. We measured chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence kinetics, oxygen exchange, the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and pigments, metal binding to proteins, and the accumulation of starch and metals. The inhibition threshold concentration for most parameters was 20 nM. Below this concentration, hardly any stress symptoms were observed. The first site of inhibition was photosynthetic light reactions (the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre measured as Fv /Fm , light-acclimated PSII activity ΦPSII , and total Chl). Trimers of the PSII light-harvesting complexes (LHCIIs) decreased more than LHC monomers and detection of Cd in the monomers suggested replacement of magnesium (Mg) by Cd in the Chl molecules. As a consequence of dysfunctional photosynthesis and energy dissipation, reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) appeared. Cadmium had negative effects on macrophytes at much lower concentrations than reported previously, emphasizing the importance of studies applying environmentally relevant conditions. A chain of inhibition events could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andresen
- Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the CAS, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Sophie Kappel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Stärk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany
| | - Ulrike Riegger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Jakub Borovec
- Department of Hydrochemistry and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the CAS, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Mattusch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Šárka Matoušková
- Institute of Geology of the CAS, Rozvojová 269, Praha 6 - Lysolaje, CZ-16500, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, GCIS E 319A, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the CAS, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
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Kasuno M, Kimura H, Yasutomo H, Torimura M, Murakami D, Tsukatani Y, Hanada S, Matsushita T, Tao H. An Evaluation of Sensor Performance for Harmful Compounds by Using Photo-Induced Electron Transfer from Photosynthetic Membranes to Electrodes. SENSORS 2016; 16:438. [PMID: 27023553 PMCID: PMC4850952 DOI: 10.3390/s16040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, simple, and low-cost screening procedures are necessary for the detection of harmful compounds in the effluent that flows out of point sources such as industrial outfall. The present study investigated the effects on a novel sensor of harmful compounds such as KCN, phenol, and herbicides such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine (atrazine), and 2-N-tert-butyl-4-N-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (terbutryn). The sensor employed an electrode system that incorporated the photocurrent of intra-cytoplasmic membranes (so-called chromatophores) prepared from photosynthetic bacteria and linked using carbon paste electrodes. The amperometric curve (photocurrent-time curve) of photo-induced electron transfer from chromatophores of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides to the electrode via an exogenous electron acceptor was composed of two characteristic phases: an abrupt increase in current immediately after illumination (I₀), and constant current over time (Ic). Compared with other redox compounds, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) was the most useful exogenous electron acceptor in this system. Photo-reduction of DCBQ exhibited Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, and reduction rates were dependent on the amount of DCBQ and the photon flux intensity. The Ic decreased in the presence of KCN at concentrations over 0.05 μM (=μmol·dm(-3)). The I₀ decreased following the addition of phenol at concentrations over 20 μM. The Ic was affected by terbutryn at concentrations over 10 μM. In contrast, DCMU and atrazine had no effect on either I₀ or Ic. The utility of this electrode system for the detection of harmful compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kasuno
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Hisataka Yasutomo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Masaki Torimura
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Tsukatani
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Institute for Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Matsushita
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tao
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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Mishra S, Bharagava RN. Toxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium in environment and its bioremediation strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:1-32. [PMID: 26398402 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2015.1096883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is one of the major inorganic environmental pollutants, which is added in the environment through various natural and anthropogenic activities and exists mainly in two forms: Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is considered to be more toxic than Cr(III) due to its high solubility and mobility. It is a well-reported occupational carcinogen associated with lung, nasal, and sinus cancers. Thus, this review article provides the detailed information on the occurrence, sources of chromium contamination in the environment and their toxicological effects in human, animal, plants as well as in microorganisms, and bioremediation strategies to minimize the toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- a Department of Environmental Microbiology , Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) , Lucknow , India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- a Department of Environmental Microbiology , Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) , Lucknow , India
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DAS S, GOSWAMI S, DAS TALUKDAR A. Physiological responses of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms,to cadmium and its phytoremediation potential. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1411-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Yu L, Ding J, Wang YL, Liu P, Feng YQ. 4-Phenylaminomethyl-Benzeneboric Acid Modified Tip Extraction for Determination of Brassinosteroids in Plant Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling–Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1286-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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Sun H, Chen ZH, Chen F, Xie L, Zhang G, Vincze E, Wu F. DNA microarray revealed and RNAi plants confirmed key genes conferring low Cd accumulation in barley grains. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:259. [PMID: 26503017 PMCID: PMC4623906 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanism of low Cd accumulation in crops is crucial for sustainable safe food production in Cd-contaminated soils. RESULTS Confocal microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analyses revealed a distinct difference in Cd accumulation and tolerance between the two contrasting barley genotypes: W6nk2 (a low-grain-Cd-accumulating and Cd-sensitive genotype) and Zhenong8 (a high-grain-Cd-accumulating and tolerant genotype). A DNA microarray analysis detected large-scale changes of gene expression in response to Cd stress with a substantial difference between the two genotypes. Cd stress led to higher expression of genes involved in transport, carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction in the low-grain-Cd-accumulating genotype. Novel transporter genes such as zinc transporter genes were identified as being associated with low Cd accumulation. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed our microarray data. Furthermore, suppression of the zinc transporter genes HvZIP3 and HvZIP8 by RNAi silencing showed increased Cd accumulation and reduced Zn and Mn concentrations in barley grains. Thus, HvZIP3 and HvZIP8 could be candidate genes related to low-grain-Cd-accumulation. CONCLUSION Novel transporter genes such as HvZIP3 and HvZIP8 were identified as being associated with low-grain-Cd-accumulation. In addition to advancing academic knowledge, our findings may also result in potential economic benefits for molecular breeding of low Cd accumulating barley and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Lupeng Xie
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Eva Vincze
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Quiroz Arita CE, Peebles C, Bradley TH. Scalability of combining microalgae-based biofuels with wastewater facilities: A review. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pan YJ, Liu J, Guo XR, Zu YG, Tang ZH. Gene transcript profiles of the TIA biosynthetic pathway in response to ethylene and copper reveal their interactive role in modulating TIA biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:813-24. [PMID: 25344654 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research on transcriptional regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) biosynthesis of the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus, has largely been focused on gene function and not clustering analysis of multiple genes at the transcript level. Here, more than ten key genes encoding key enzyme of alkaloid synthesis in TIA biosynthetic pathways were chosen to investigate the integrative responses to exogenous elicitor ethylene and copper (Cu) at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. The ethylene-induced gene transcripts in leaves and roots, respectively, were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and the results showed the overall expression of TIA pathway genes indicated as the Q value followed a standard normal distribution after ethylene treatments. Peak gene expression was at 15-30 μM of ethephon, and the pre-mature leaf had a higher Q value than the immature or mature leaf and root. Treatment with elicitor Cu found that Cu up-regulated overall TIA gene expression more in roots than in leaves. The combined effects of Cu and ethephon on TIA gene expression were stronger than their separate effects. It has been documented that TIA gene expression is tightly regulated by the transcriptional factor (TF) ethylene responsive factor (ERF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The loading plot combination with correlation analysis for the genes of C. roseus showed that expression of the MPK gene correlated with strictosidine synthase (STR) and strictosidine b-D-glucosidase(SGD). In addition, ERF expression correlated with expression of secologanin synthase (SLS) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), specifically in roots, whereas MPK and myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) correlated with STR and SGD genes. In conclusion, the ERF regulates the upstream pathway genes in response to heavy metal Cu mainly in C. roseus roots, while the MPK mainly participates in regulating the STR gene in response to ethylene in pre-mature leaf. Interestingly, the change in TIA accumulation does not correlate with expression of the associated genes. Our previous research found significant accumulation of vinblastine in response to high concentration of ethylene and Cu suggesting the involvement of posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms in a spatial and temporal manner. In this study, meta-analysis reveals ERF and MPK form a positive feedback loop connecting two pathways actively involved in response of TIA pathway genes to ethylene and copper in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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Bazihizina N, Colzi I, Giorni E, Mancuso S, Gonnelli C. Photosynthesizing on metal excess: copper differently induced changes in various photosynthetic parameters in copper tolerant and sensitive Silene paradoxa L. populations. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 232:67-76. [PMID: 25617325 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated Cu-induced changes in photosynthetic activity in contrasting populations of Silene paradoxa L. A metallicolous Cu-tolerant population and a non-metallicolous sensitive population were grown in hydroponics and exposed to different CuSO4 treatments for different times. Copper accumulation, MDA concentrations, and several photosynthetic parameters were measured to assess different effects of Cu exposure on plants from the two populations. A more efficient ability to photosynthesize in the presence of Cu excess was showed by the Cu-tolerant population with respect to the sensitive one. Interestingly, Cu-imposed limitations were present not only at a different degree, but also of different nature in the two populations. In the tolerant population, the most limiting factor to photosynthesis seemed to be Cu-imposed stomatal closure, whereas Cu-mediated biochemical limitation was scarce and Cu-mediated reduction in mesophyll conductance almost non-existent. In the sensitive population, Cu largely affected all the measured parameters, so that its photosynthetic activity experienced any kind of limitation, diffusional and especially biochemical. The lower Cu concentrations accumulated in the tolerant plant could be one of the factors concurring to the reported differences in photosynthetic activity, but also a higher capacity of internal detoxification and compartmentalization of the metal could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bazihizina
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, Università di Firenze, via delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Giorni
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, Università di Firenze, via delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
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Rodriguez E, da Conceição Santos M, Azevedo R, Correia C, Moutinho-Pereira J, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Dias MC. Photosynthesis light-independent reactions are sensitive biomarkers to monitor lead phytotoxicity in a Pb-tolerant Pisum sativum cultivar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:574-85. [PMID: 25091165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) environmental contamination remains prevalent. Pisum sativum L. plants have been used in ecotoxicological studies, but some cultivars showed to tolerate and accumulate some levels of Pb, opening new perspectives to their use in phytoremediation approaches. However, the putative use of pea plants in phytoremediation requires reliable toxicity endpoints. Here, we evaluated the sensitivity of a large number of photosynthesis-related biomarkers in Pb-exposed pea plants. Plants (cv. "Corne de Bélier") were exposed to Pb concentrations up to 1,000 mg kg(-1) soil during 28 days. The photosynthetic potential biomarkers that were analyzed included pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, gas exchange, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) activity, and carbohydrates. Flow cytometry (FCM) was also used to assess the morpho-functional status of chloroplasts. Finally, Pb-induced nutrient disorders were also evaluated. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A) and RuBisCO activity decreased strongly in Pb-exposed plants. Plant dry mass (DM) accumulation, however, was only reduced in the higher Pb concentrations tested (500 and 1,000 mg kg(-1) soil). Pigment contents increased solely in plants exposed to the largest Pb concentration, and in addition, the parameters related to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII, were not affected by Pb exposure. In contrast to this, carbohydrates showed an overall tendency to increase in Pb-exposed plants. The morphological status of chloroplasts was affected by Pb exposure, with a general trend of volume decrease and granularity increase. These results point the endpoints related to the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis as more sensitive predictors of Pb-toxicity than the light-dependent reactions ones. Among the endpoints related to the light-independent photosynthesis reactions, RuBisCO activity and A were found to be the most sensitive. We discuss here the advantages of using these parameters as biomarkers for Pb toxicity in plants. Finally, we report that, despite showing physiological disorders, these cultivar plants survived and accumulated high doses of Pb, and their use in environmental/decontamination studies is open to debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, CESAM, 3810, Aveiro, Portugal
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Govers LL, Lamers LPM, Bouma TJ, Eygensteyn J, de Brouwer JHF, Hendriks AJ, Huijbers CM, van Katwijk MM. Seagrasses as indicators for coastal trace metal pollution: a global meta-analysis serving as a benchmark, and a Caribbean case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:210-217. [PMID: 25250793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds are highly productive coastal ecosystems providing a large array of ecosystem services including fisheries and carbon sequestration. As seagrasses are known to be highly sensitive to anthropogenic forcing, we evaluated the use of trace metal concentrations in seagrasses as bioindicators for trace metal pollution of coastal regions at both global and local scale. We carried out a meta-analysis based on literature data to provide a global benchmark list for trace metal accumulation in seagrasses, which was lacking in literature. We subsequently carried out a case study at the Caribbean islands of Curaçao and Bonaire to test for local-scale differences in trace metal concentrations in seagrasses, and internal metal allocation. The benchmark and local study show that trace metal concentrations in seagrass leaves, regardless of the species, can vary over a 100-1000-fold range, and are related to the level of anthropogenic pressure, making seagrasses highly valuable indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Govers
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Spatial Ecology, NIOZ Yerseke Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Eygensteyn
- Department of General Instruments, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H F de Brouwer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal M Huijbers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke M van Katwijk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lee J, Sung K. Effects of chelates on soil microbial properties, plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in plants. ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 73:386-394. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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63
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Parys E, Wasilewska W, Siedlecka M, Zienkiewicz M, Drożak A, Romanowska E. Metabolic responses to lead of metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of Armeria maritima. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:565-77. [PMID: 25070267 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to Pb(NO₃)₂ (Pb) ions of excised leaves of metallicolous (MPs) and nonmetallicolous populations (NMPs) of Armeria maritima, cultivated on normal soil, were examined. Detached leaves were exposure to Pb for 24 h, and metabolic parameters were investigated. Pb decreased the photosynthesis (Pn) rate and photosystem II (PSII) activity, whereas the photochemical efficiency of PSII remained unchanged. In both populations, Pb ions caused increase in O₂ uptake of dark-treated leaves; however, respiration after Pn was not affected. Pb increased superoxide dismutase activity in MP leaves and malondialdehyde content in NMP leaves. Other metabolites after Pb treatment were increased (proline or H₂O₂) or decreased (malate). Ascorbate peroxidase activity and adenosine triphosphate content decreased more in MP than in NMP leaves. Our results indicate that A. maritima is well adapted to heavy metal-contaminated soils, and we discuss potential causes of the stimulation of respiration by Pb ions and possible reasons for the tolerance to oxidative stress of plants growing in a metal-rich habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz Parys
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Miecznikowa 1, 02 096, Warsaw, Poland
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Mikulic P, Beardall J. Contrasting ecotoxicity effects of zinc on growth and photosynthesis in a neutrophilic alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and an extremophilic alga (Cyanidium caldarium). CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:402-411. [PMID: 25048933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the contrasting ecotoxicity effects of zinc on growth and photosynthesis in a neutrophilic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and an extremophilic (Cyanidium caldarium) alga. Experiments were carried out to see if cells acclimated to zinc would respond differently to cells that were unexposed to zinc. The study also aimed to see if extremophiles displayed different acclimation properties to neutrophiles. Results showed that the neutrophilic alga C. reinhardtii, was more susceptible to free zinc and had a lower IC50 value than the extremophile, however its stress response protected the photosynthetic apparatus. Upon acclimation, the photosynthetic abilities of C. reinhardtii were not significantly compromised when exposed to toxic levels of free zinc. On the other hand, C. caldarium had a stress response which allowed it to tolerate significantly higher amounts of free zinc in its environment compared to C. reinhardtii , however the stress response did not protect the photosynthetic apparatus, and upon acclimation C. caldarium was no better equipped to protect its photosynthetic integrity than unexposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mikulic
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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65
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Cao F, Chen F, Sun H, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. Genome-wide transcriptome and functional analysis of two contrasting genotypes reveals key genes for cadmium tolerance in barley. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:611. [PMID: 25038590 PMCID: PMC4117959 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is a severe detrimental environmental pollutant. To adapt to Cd-induced deleterious effects, plants have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms. In this study, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the mechanisms of Cd tolerance using two barley genotypes with distinct Cd tolerance. Results Microarray expression profiling revealed that 91 genes were up-regulated by Cd in Cd-tolerant genotype Weisuobuzhi and simultaneously down-regulated or non-changed in Cd-sensitive Dong17, and 692 genes showed no change in Weisuobuzhi but down-regulated in Dong17. Novel genes that may play significant roles in Cd tolerance were mainly via generating protectants such as catalase against reactive oxygen species, Cd compartmentalization (e.g. phytochelatin-synthase and vacuolar ATPase), and defence response and DNA replication (e.g. chitinase and histones). Other 156 up-regulated genes in both genotypes also included those encoding proteins related to stress and defence responses, and metabolism-related genes involved in detoxification pathways. Meanwhile, biochemical and physiological analysis of enzyme (ATPase and chitinase), phytohormone (ethylene), ion distribution and transport (Cd, Na+, K+, Ca2+, ABC transporter) demonstrated that significantly larger Cd-induced increases of those components in Weisuobuzhi than those in Dong17. In addition, Cd-induced DNA damage was more pronounced in Dong17 than that in Weisuobuzhi. Conclusions Our findings suggest that combining microarray, physiological and biochemical analysis has provided valuable insights towards a novel integrated molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in barley. The higher expression genes in Cd tolerant genotype could be used for transgenic overexpression in sensitive genotypes of barley or other cereal crops for elevating tolerance to Cd stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-611) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P,R, China.
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66
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Kumar KS, Dahms HU, Lee JS, Kim HC, Lee WC, Shin KH. Algal photosynthetic responses to toxic metals and herbicides assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:51-71. [PMID: 24632123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is established as a rapid, non-intrusive technique to monitor photosynthetic performance of plants and algae, as well as to analyze their protective responses. Apart from its utility in determining the physiological status of photosynthesizers in the natural environment, chlorophyll a fluorescence-based methods are applied in ecophysiological and toxicological studies to examine the effect of environmental changes and pollutants on plants and algae (microalgae and seaweeds). Pollutants or environmental changes cause alteration of the photosynthetic capacity which could be evaluated by fluorescence kinetics. Hence, evaluating key fluorescence parameters and assessing photosynthetic performances would provide an insight regarding the probable causes of changes in photosynthetic performances. This technique quintessentially provides non-invasive determination of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus prior to the appearance of visible damage. It is reliable, economically feasible, time-saving, highly sensitive, versatile, accurate, non-invasive and portable; thereby comprising an excellent alternative for detecting pollution. The present review demonstrates the applicability of chlorophyll a fluorescence in determining photochemical responses of algae exposed to environmental toxicants (such as toxic metals and herbicides).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Green Life Science Department, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongij-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Kim
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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67
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Radeva V, Petrov V, Minkov I, Toneva V, Gechev T. Effect of Cadmium onArabidopsis ThalianaMutants Tolerant to Oxidative Stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2010.10817823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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68
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Mehta A, López-Maury L, Florencio FJ. Proteomic pattern alterations of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in response to cadmium, nickel and cobalt. J Proteomics 2014; 102:98-112. [PMID: 24650429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cyanobacteria represent the largest and most diverse group of prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis and are frequently found in environments contaminated with heavy metals. Several studies have been performed in these organisms in order to better understand the effects of metals such as Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni and Co. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, genes involved in Ni, Co, Cu and Zn resistance have been reported. However, proteomic studies for the identification of proteins modulated by heavy metals have not been carried out. In the present work, we have analyzed the proteomic pattern alterations of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in response to Ni, Co and Cd in order to identify the metabolic processes affected by these metals. We show that some proteins are commonly regulated in response to the different metal ions, including ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the periplasmic iron-binding protein FutA2, while others, such as chaperones, were specifically induced by each metal. We also show that the main processes affected by the metals are carbon metabolism and photosynthesis, since heavy metals affect proteins required for the correct functioning of these activities. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report on the proteomic profile of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 wild type and mutant strains for the identification of proteins affected by the heavy metals Ni, Co and Cd. We have identified proteins commonly responsive to all three metals and also chaperones specifically modulated by each metal. Our data also supports previous studies that suggest the existence of additional sensor systems for Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Av. W5 Norte (final), 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luis López-Maury
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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69
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Xyländer M, Hagen C, Braune W. Mercury Increases Light Susceptibility in the Green AlgaHaematococcus lacustris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Lei L, Xiang-yi L, Xin-wen X, Li-sha L, Fan-jiang Z, Feng-li C. Assimilative branches and leaves of the desert plant Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. possesses a different adaptation mechanism to shade. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 74:239-45. [PMID: 24316582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaves and assimilative branches are crucial to the life cycle of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae), which grows in high-irradiance environments and is the main vegetation in the forelands of the Taklamakan Desert. This plant has an important role in wind protection and sand fixation at the oasis-desert transition zone. The morphology, physiology, and photosynthesis of A. sparsifolia leaves growing under low-light conditions have been extensively investigated. However, whether the plant's assimilative branches adapt similarly to low light levels is unclear, as are its specific light adaptation mechanisms. In this report, we characterized the biomass allocation, morphology, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of leaves and assimilative branches of A. sparsifolia. The results indicated that low-light conditions limited the normal growth of A. sparsifolia. The fraction of biomass allocated to leaves increased, whereas that to assimilative branches decreased. In addition, leaf thickness and assimilative branch diameter decreased, resulting in higher specific leaf area, specific assimilative branch length, and area for higher light absorbing and higher efficiency of light-usage. The assimilative branches and leaves were responded oppositely under low-light conditions in that leaves had lower photosystem II activity and assimilative branches had higher light-use efficiency to maximize light energy absorption for growth of A. sparsifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Li Xiang-yi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Xu Xin-wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Lin Li-sha
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Zeng Fan-jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Chen Feng-li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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71
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Qadir S, Jamshieed S, Rasool S, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Ahmad P. Modulation of plant growth and metabolism in cadmium-enriched environments. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 229:51-88. [PMID: 24515810 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a water soluble metal pollutant that is not essential to plant growth.It has attracted attention from soil scientists and plant nutritionists in recent years because of its toxicity and mobility in the soil-plant continuum. Even low levels of Cd (0.1-1 J.!M) cause adverse effects on plant growth and metabolism. Cadmium is known to trigger the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, hinder utilization, uptake and transport of essential nutrients and water, and modify photosynthetic machinery,thereby resulting in plant tissue death. Although the effects of Cd are dose- as well as plant species-dependent, some plants show Cd tolerance through a wide range of cellular responses. Such tolerance results from synthesis of osmolytes,generation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and metal-detoxifying peptides, changes in gene expression, and metal ion homeostasis and compartmentalization of ligand-metal complexes. Cd toxicity in plants produces effects on chlorophyllbio synthesis, reduces photosynthesis, and upsets plant water relations and hormonal and/or nutritional balances. All of these effects on plants and on plant metabolism ultimately reduce growth and productivity.In this review, we describe the extent to which Cd affects underlying metabolic processes in plants and how such altered processes affect plant growth. We review the sources of Cd contamination, its uptake, transportation and bioavailability and accumulation in plants, and its antagonistic and synergistic effects with other metals and compounds. We further address the effects of Cd on plant genetics and metabolism,and how plants respond to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd exposure, as well as strategies(e.g., plant breeding) that can reduce the impact of Cd contamination on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Qadir
- Department of Botany, Womens Degree College, Moulana Azad Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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72
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Niu Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Zeng M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ci Z. Field controlled experiments on the physiological responses of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves to low-level air and soil mercury exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1541-7. [PMID: 23943002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of tons of mercury (Hg) are released from anthropogenic and natural sources to the atmosphere in a gaseous elemental form per year, yet little is known regarding the influence of airborne Hg on the physiological activities of plant leaves. In the present study, the effects of low-level air and soil Hg exposures on the gas exchange parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves and their accumulation of Hg, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined via field open-top chamber and Hg-enriched soil experiments, respectively. Low-level air Hg exposures (<50 ng m(-3)) had little effects on the gas exchange parameters of maize leaves during most of the daytime (p > 0.05). However, both the net photosynthesis rate and carboxylation efficiency of maize leaves exposed to 50 ng m(-3) air Hg were significantly lower than those exposed to 2 ng m(-3) air Hg in late morning (p < 0.05). Additionally, the Hg, proline, and MDA concentrations in maize leaves exposed to 20 and 50 ng m(-3) air Hg were significantly higher than those exposed to 2 ng m(-3) air Hg (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the increase in airborne Hg potentially damaged functional photosynthetic apparatus in plant leaves, inducing free proline accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation. Due to minor translocation of soil Hg to the leaves, low-level soil Hg exposures (<1,000 ng g(-1)) had no significant influences on the gas exchange parameters, or the Hg, proline, and MDA concentrations in maize leaves (p > 0.05). Compared to soil Hg, airborne Hg easily caused physiological stress to plant leaves. The effects of increasing atmospheric Hg concentration on plant physiology should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuan Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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73
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Uysal Y. Removal of chromium ions from wastewater by duckweed, Lemna minor L. by using a pilot system with continuous flow. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 263 Pt 2:486-492. [PMID: 24231333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the ability of Lemna minor to remove Cr (VI) ions from wastewater in a continuous flow pond system. This system was used to simulate a wastewater treatment pond and a natural wetland as habitat of plants. In order to find optimal conditions for chromium removal, ponds were operated with aqueous solutions having different pH (4.0-7.0) and chromium concentration of 0.25 mgCr(+6)/L, then plants were exposed to different chromium concentrations (0.25-5.0 mgCr(+6)/L) at pH 4.0. Chromium concentrations, both in biomass and wastewater, were measured and removal efficiency was determined throughout water flow. Growth factors such as growth rates, chlorophyll contents and dry/fresh weight ratios of plants were also determined to measure toxic effects of chromium. The percentages of chromium uptake (PMU) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) were calculated for each run. The highest accumulated chromium concentration (4.423 mgCr/g) was found in plants grown in the first chamber of pond operated at pH 4.0 and 5.0 mgCr/L, while the minimum accumulated chromium concentration (0.122 mgCr/g) was in plants grown in the last chamber of pond operated at pH 4.0 and 0.25 mgCr(+6)/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uysal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Avsar Campus, Kahramanmaras 46100, Turkey.
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74
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Osundeko O, Pittman JK. Implications of sludge liquor addition for wastewater-based open pond cultivation of microalgae for biofuel generation and pollutant remediation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:355-363. [PMID: 24315940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The growth improvement of microalgal strains in municipal secondary-treated wastewater by addition of nutrient-rich activated sludge centrate liquor was examined. Two strains (Chlorella luteoviridis and Parachlorella hussii) were tolerant to liquor, with addition of 25% liquor providing the best growth, biomass productivity and nutrient removal values. The capability of C. luteoviridis and P. hussii for full seasonal cultivation in a 150 L open pond in a temperate climate was studied, using the optimised secondary wastewater +25% liquor medium. Each strain was capable of growth all year including in autumn and winter but with strongest growth, productivity and remediation characteristics in the summer and spring. Both strains could maintain monoculture growth with no significant contamination or culture crash, demonstrating the robustness of these strains for wastewater cultivation in a northern European climate. Each strain could also be efficiently cultivated in a semi-continuous system for steady production of biomass and nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa Osundeko
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Sustainable Consumption Institute, The University of Manchester, 188 Waterloo Place, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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75
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Luo J, Tang R, She J, Chen Y, Gong Y, Zhou J, Yu D. The chromium in timberline forests in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:1930-1937. [PMID: 24056779 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the regional distribution, trait and possible source of chromium in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, we collected samples of xylem, bark, leaves and twigs in two parallel northwest-southeast belt transects (TA and TB) from the Hengduan Mountains. According to the Cr mean concentration, organ/tissue was split into two groups: the high-level organ/tissue (twigs: 1.476 mg kg(-1)) and the low-level organ/tissue (bark: 0.413 mg kg(-1), leaves: 0.340 mg kg(-1) and xylem: 0.194 mg kg(-1)). The mean Cr concentrations of twigs and leaves in TB samples were higher than those in the TA samples, and the mean Cr concentration in both sites gradually reduced from southeast to northwest. Both the southeasterly and southwesterly monsoons could be significant, influential factors in this connection. The top three mean Cr concentrations were S7, S1 and S8, which were closer to the developed city. Mean Cr concentrations in S3, S4 and S5, (remote, high mountains) were relatively low. The high mountains acting as a barrier to the monsoon and the distance from the big city may play important roles in the distribution of Chromium. Furthermore, the relationship between the mean Cr concentration and precipitation, timberline trees as bio-monitors of chromium pollution in polluted areas and the possible source of Cr in the eastern Tibetan Plateau are also discussed. This study may provide reliable proof of Cr contamination processes, and so help in future to prevent further Cr pollution, and also be helpful in understanding the important function of forest ecosystems in relation to atmospheric pollution and global change. To better understand the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of Cr concentration, we found that tree ring, fine roots and soil samples are good choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy, #9, Block 4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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76
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Sayantan D. Amendment in phosphorus levels moderate the chromium toxicity in Raphanus sativus L. as assayed by antioxidant enzymes activities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:161-170. [PMID: 23810367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Z=24), a d-block element, is a potent carcinogen, whereas phosphorus is an essential and limiting nutrient for the plant growth and development. This study undertakes the role of phosphorus in moderating the chromium toxicity in Raphanus sativus L., as both of them compete with each other during the uptake process. Two-factor complete randomized experiment (5 chromium × 5 phosphorus concentrations) was conducted for twenty eight days in green house. The individuals of R. sativus were grown in pots supplied with all essential nutrients. The toxic effects of chromium and the moderation of toxicity due to phosphorus amendment were determined as accumulation of chromium, nitrogen, phosphorus in root tissues and their effects were also examined in the changes in biomass, chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme levels. Cr and N accumulation were almost doubled at the highest concentration of Cr supply, without any P amendment, whereas at the highest P concentration (125 mM), the accumulation was reduced to almost half. A significant reduction in toxic effects of Cr was determined as there was three-fold increase in total chlorophyll and biomass at the highest P amendment. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and lipid peroxidation were analyzed at various levels of Cr each amended with five levels of P. It was observed that at highest level of P amendment, the reduction percentage in toxicity was 33, 44, 39 and 44, correspondingly. Conclusively, the phosphorus amendment moderates the toxicity caused by the supplied chromium in R. sativus. This finding can be utilized to develop a novel technology for the amelioration of chromium stressed fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sayantan
- Laboratory of Environment and Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Patna Science College, Patna University, Patna 800005, Bihar, India.
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77
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Deng C, Zhang D, Pan X, Chang F, Wang S. Toxic effects of mercury on PSI and PSII activities, membrane potential and transthylakoid proton gradient in Microsorium pteropus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:1-7. [PMID: 23920143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the top toxic metals in environment and it poses a great risk to organisms. This study aimed to elucidate the toxic effects of Hg(2+) on energy conversion of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), membrane potential and proton gradient of Microsorium pteropus (an aquatic plant species). Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, quantum yield and electron transfer of PSI and PSII of M. pteropus exposed to various concentrations of Hg(2+) were measured. With increasing Hg(2+) concentration, quantum yield and electron transport of PSI [Y(I) and ETR(I)] and PSII [Y(II) and ETR(II)] decreased whereas limitation of donor side of PSI [Y(ND)] increased. At ⩾165μgL(-1) Hg(2+), quantum yield of non-light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in PSII [Y(NO)] significantly increased but quantum yield of light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NPQ)] decreased. Membrane potential (Δψ) and proton gradient (ΔpH) of M. pteropus were reduced significantly at 330μg L(-1) Hg(2+) compared to control. Mercury exposure affected multiple sites in PSII and PSI of M. pteropus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Deng
- Key Lab of Plateau Lake Ecology & Global Change, College of Tourism and Geographic Science, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Process and Environmental Change, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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78
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Gupta P, Jain M, Sarangthem J, Gadre R. Inhibition of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by mercury in excised greening maize leaf segments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013. [PMID: 23191957 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), a potent metallic toxicant, is known for having inhibitory effect on chlorophyll biosynthesis. In vivo supply of HgCl(2) inhibited 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD, EC 4.2.1.24) activity in excised greening maize (Zea mays) leaf segments. The inhibition caused by Hg was alleviated by addition of KNO(3). Amongst the nutrients and metabolites tested, NH(4)Cl and sucrose increased the inhibitory effect of Hg on enzyme activity, while glutamine and glutathione decreased it. The inhibitors, levulinic acid and 5,5' dithio bis 2-nitrobenzoic acid, also reduced the % inhibition of enzyme activity caused by Hg supply. In vitro inclusion of Hg during assay of the enzyme preparations obtained from the tissue treated without Hg (-Hg enzyme) and with Hg (+Hg enzyme) caused the inhibition of -Hg enzyme but activation of +Hg enzyme. Almost similar trend was observed for the in vitro inclusion of Hg in the presence of levulinic acid. It is suggested that two forms of enzyme exist in Hg-treated tissue, i.e. the usual Mg dependent form and an unusual Hg modified form. Kinetic studies for the two enzymes, -Hg enzyme and +Hg enzyme, involving the effect of varying concentrations of δ-aminolevulinic acid yielded distinct apparent K(m) and apparent V(max) values being 532 μM and 118 units g(-1) fr. wt., respectively, for -Hg enzyme and 347 μM and 52 units g(-1) fr. wt., respectively, for +Hg enzyme indicating that +Hg enzyme has higher affinity for δ-aminolevulinic acid but lower activity as compared to the -Hg enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452 017, Madhya Pradesh, India
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79
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80
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Tóth T, Zsiros O, Kis M, Garab G, Kovács L. Cadmium exerts its toxic effects on photosynthesis via a cascade mechanism in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2075-86. [PMID: 22583050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research, the mechanism of Cd(2+) toxicity on photosynthesis is still elusive because of the multiplicity of the inhibitory effects and different barriers in plants. The quick Cd(2+) uptake in Synechocystis PCC 6803 permits the direct interaction of cadmium with the photosynthetic machinery and allows the distinction between primary and secondary effects. We show that the CO(2) -dependent electron transport is rapidly inhibited upon exposing the cells to 40 µm Cd(2+) (50% inhibition in ∼15 min). However, during this time we observe only symptoms of photosystem I acceptor side limitation and a build of an excitation pressure on the reaction centres, as indicated by light-induced P700 redox transients, O(2) polarography and changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Inhibitory effects on photosystem II electron transport and the degradation of the reaction centre protein D1 can only be observed after several hours, and only in the light, as revealed by chlorophyll a fluorescence transients, thermoluminescence and immunoblotting. Despite the marked differences in the manifestations of these short- and long-term effects, they exhibit virtually the same Cd(2+) concentration dependence. These data strongly suggest a cascade mechanism of the toxic effect, with a primary effect in the dark reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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81
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Seleiman MF, Santanen A, Stoddard FL, Mäkelä P. Feedstock quality and growth of bioenergy crops fertilized with sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:1211-7. [PMID: 22897833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is rich in essential plant nutrients, but its use is restricted for crop production due to the pollutants it contains, such as metalloids and heavy metals. Sludge is also very sticky and compact. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate (1) the impact of various amounts of sludge on bioenergy crop productivity and quality and (2) the use of peat as an adjuvant to reduce the stickiness, density and nutrient richness of the sludge. Three different applications of sludge were examined, high, low (50% of high) and low mixed with an equal volume of peat. The sludge-peat mix increased significantly leaf area and biomass accumulation of maize and hemp. High sludge and sludge-peat mix applications increased significantly the leaf area and biomass accumulation as well as the net photosynthesis of oilseed rape. High sludge application resulted in the highest heavy metal and metalloid accumulation in maize and hemp. Sludge-peat mix resulted in the highest heavy metal and metalloid accumulation in oilseed rape. However, the sludge-peat mix application provided the best feedstock quality in all three crops, since chloride, silicon and sulfur concentrations and ash content in plant material were the lowest of the three sludge treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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82
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Lin YF, Aarts MGM. The molecular mechanism of zinc and cadmium stress response in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3187-206. [PMID: 22903262 PMCID: PMC11114967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four groups: metal-sensitive species, metal-resistant excluder species, metal-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator species, and metal-hypertolerant hyperaccumulator species, each having different molecular mechanisms to accomplish their resistance/tolerance to metal stress or reduce the negative consequences of metal toxicity. Plant responses to heavy metals are molecularly regulated in a process called metal homeostasis, which also includes regulation of the metal-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. ROS generation and signaling plays an important duel role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. In this review, we will compare the different molecular mechanisms of nutritional (Zn) and non-nutritional (Cd) metal homeostasis between metal-sensitive and metal-adapted species. We will also include the role of metal-induced ROS signal transduction in this comparison, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on how plants cope with Zn/Cd stress at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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83
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Allometry and photosynthetic capacity of poplar (Populus deltoides) along a metal contamination gradient in an urban brownfield. Urban Ecosyst 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-012-0259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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84
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Hayat S, Khalique G, Irfan M, Wani AS, Tripathi BN, Ahmad A. Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants: an overview. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:599-611. [PMID: 22002742 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the mechanism of chromium (Cr) stress in plants. Toxic effects of Cr on plant growth and development depend primarily on its valence state. Cr(VI) is highly toxic and mobile whereas Cr(III) is less toxic. Cr-induced oxidative stress involves induction of lipid peroxidation in plants that cause severe damage to cell membranes which includes degradation of photosynthetic pigments causing deterioration in growth. The potential of plants with the adequacy to accumulate or to stabilize Cr compounds for bioremediation of Cr contamination has gained engrossment in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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85
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Buss W, Kammann C, Koyro HW. Biochar reduces copper toxicity in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. In a sandy soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:1157-1165. [PMID: 22751058 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mining, smelting, land applications of sewage sludge, the use of fungicides containing copper (Cu), and other human activities have led to widespread soil enrichment and contamination with Cu and potentially toxic conditions. Biochar (BC) can adsorb several substances, ranging from herbicides to plant-inhibiting allelochemicals. However, the range of potential beneficial effects on early-stage plant growth with regard to heavy metal toxicity is largely unexplored. We investigated the ameliorating properties of a forestry-residue BC under Cu toxicity conditions on early plant growth. Young quinoa plants () were grown in the greenhouse in the presence of 0, 2, and 4% BC application (w/w) added to a sandy soil with 0, 50, or 200 μg g Cu supplied. The plants without BC showed severe stress symptoms and reduced growth shortly after Cu application of 50 μg g and died at 200 μg Cu g. Increasing BC concentrations in the growth medium significantly increased the plant performance without Cu toxicity or under Cu stress. At the 4% BC application rate, the plants with 200 μg g Cu almost reached the same biomass as in the control treatment. In the presence of BC, less Cu entered the plant tissues, which had reduced Cu concentrations in the order roots, shoots, leaves. The amelioration effect also was reflected in the plant-soil system CO gas exchange, which showed clear signs of improvement with BC presence. The most likely ameliorating mechanisms were adsorption of Cu to negatively charged BC surfaces and an improvement of the water supply. Overall, BC seems to be a beneficial amendment with the potential to ameliorate Cu toxicity in sandy soils. Further research with a broad spectrum of different soil types, BCs, and crop plants is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Buss
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebeg-Univ, Giessen, Germany
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86
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Sellami R, Gharbi F, Rejeb S, Rejeb MN, Henchi B, Echevarria G, Morel JL. Effects of nickel hyperaccumulation on physiological characteristics of Alyssum murale grown on metal contaminated waste amended soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:609-620. [PMID: 22908630 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.619225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nickel concentration on physiological characteristics of Alyssum murale when grown in a soil mixed with sewage sludge (at the rate of 2.8%). Two types of sludge were used: agricultural sewage sludge (S1) and industrial sewage sludge with an increasing nickel concentration (S2, S3, and S4). Results showed that Ni in shoots was higher than Ni in roots. A. murale is able to concentrate up to 12730 mg/kg Ni in leaves. The highest dry matter yield was observed with plants grown with agricultural sewage sludge. An addition of S2 and S3 increased shoot biomass. However, application of S4 reduced 40% shoot dry weight as compared to the control Ni treatment did not affect all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The F(v)/F(m) ratio was stable between Ni treatments. Photosynthesis rate (A) increased with agricultural sewage sludge, but remained stable with variable Ni rates from the industrial sludge. The chlorophyll content increased with S1, S2 and S3 but it remains constant with S4 when compared to the control Therefore, high nickel concentration did not affect the function of the photosynthetic machine of A. murale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Sellami
- Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts, Ariana, Tunisia.
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87
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Boyd ES, Fecteau KM, Havig JR, Shock EL, Peters JW. Modeling the habitat range of phototrophs in yellowstone national park: toward the development of a comprehensive fitness landscape. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:221. [PMID: 22719737 PMCID: PMC3376417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent to which geochemical variation shapes the distribution of phototrophic metabolisms was modeled based on 439 observations in geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed to predict the distribution of phototrophic metabolism as a function of spring temperature, pH, and total sulfide. GAMs comprised of temperature explained 38.8% of the variation in the distribution of phototrophic metabolism, whereas GAMs comprised of sulfide and pH explained 19.6 and 11.2% of the variation, respectively. These results suggest that of the measured variables, temperature is the primary constraint on the distribution of phototrophs in YNP. GAMs comprised of multiple variables explained a larger percentage of the variation in the distribution of phototrophic metabolism, indicating additive interactions among variables. A GAM that combined temperature and sulfide explained the greatest variation in the dataset (53.4%) while minimizing the introduction of degrees of freedom. In an effort to verify the extent to which phototroph distribution reflects constraints on activity, we examined the influence of sulfide and temperature on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake rates under both light and dark conditions. Light-driven DIC uptake decreased systematically with increasing concentrations of sulfide in acidic, algal-dominated systems, but was unaffected in alkaline, cyanobacterial-dominated systems. In both alkaline and acidic systems, light-driven DIC uptake was suppressed in cultures incubated at temperatures 10°C greater than their in situ temperature. Collectively, these quantitative results indicate that apart from light availability, the habitat range of phototrophs in YNP springs is defined largely by constraints imposed firstly by temperature and secondly by sulfide on the activity of these populations that inhabit the edges of the habitat range. These findings are consistent with the predictions from GAMs and provide a quantitative framework from which to translate distributional patterns into fitness landscapes for use in interpreting the environmental constraints that have shaped the evolution of this process through Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Astrobiology Biogeocatalysis Research Center, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Jeff R. Havig
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - Everett L. Shock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - John W. Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Astrobiology Biogeocatalysis Research Center, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, USA
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89
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Kalaji HM, Carpentier R, Allakhverdiev SI, Bosa K. Fluorescence parameters as early indicators of light stress in barley. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 112:1-6. [PMID: 22561010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency of two Syrian barley landraces Arabi Aswad and Arabi Abiad grown under different light intensities were studied by the application of qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Different values of fluorescence parameters, quantum efficiencies, specific and phenomenological energy fluxes were obtained for each cultivar. Both low and high light stresses decreased photosystem II (PSII) activity in barley seedlings depending on the stress type and its duration. Cultivar Arabi Aswad was more tolerant to high light while Arabi Abiad was more tolerant to low light stress. The results allowed us to select chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters related to energy flux within PSII which were specifically affected under low or high light stress. We found that the performance index parameter is a sensitive indicator to explore the effect of light changes on PSII activity immediately after stress application, while maximal quantum yield of PSII and phenomenological parameters were only modified after a long period of stress application indicating PSII damage. Thus, we recommend the former parameter for early detection of light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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90
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Astolfi S, Zuchi S, Neumann G, Cesco S, Sanità di Toppi L, Pinton R. Response of barley plants to Fe deficiency and Cd contamination as affected by S starvation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1241-50. [PMID: 22090437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Both Fe deficiency and Cd exposure induce rapid changes in the S nutritional requirement of plants. The aim of this work was to characterize the strategies adopted by plants to cope with both Fe deficiency (release of phytosiderophores) and Cd contamination [production of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins] when grown under conditions of limited S supply. Experiments were performed in hydroponics, using barley plants grown under S sufficiency (1.2 mM sulphate) and S deficiency (0 mM sulphate), with or without Fe(III)-EDTA at 0.08 mM for 11 d and subsequently exposed to 0.05 mM Cd for 24 h or 72 h. In S-sufficient plants, Fe deficiency enhanced both root and shoot Cd concentrations and increased GSH and phytochelatin levels. In S-deficient plants, Fe starvation caused a slight increase in Cd concentration, but this change was accompanied neither by an increase in GSH nor by an accumulation of phytochelatins. Release of phytosiderophores, only detectable in Fe-deficient plants, was strongly decreased by S deficiency and further reduced after Cd treatment. In roots Cd exposure increased the expression of the high affinity sulphate transporter gene (HvST1) regardless of the S supply, and the expression of the Fe deficiency-responsive genes, HvYS1 and HvIDS2, irrespective of Fe supply. In conclusion, adequate S availability is necessary to cope with Fe deficiency and Cd toxicity in barley plants. Moreover, it appears that in Fe-deficient plants grown in the presence of Cd with limited S supply, sulphur may be preferentially employed in the pathway for biosynthesis of phytosiderophores, rather than for phytochelatin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astolfi
- DAFNE, University of Viterbo, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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91
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Paenibacillus lentimorbus enhances growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in chromium-amended soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 101:453-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-011-9637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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92
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Dhir B, Sharmila P, Pardha Saradhi P, Sharma S, Kumar R, Mehta D. Heavy metal induced physiological alterations in Salvinia natans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1678-84. [PMID: 21724257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia possess inherent capacity to accumulate high levels of various heavy metals. Accumulation of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cd ranged between 6 and 9 mg g(-1)dry wt., while accumulation of Co, Zn and Mn was ∼4 mg g(-1)dry wt. Heavy metal accumulation affected the physiological status of plants. Photosystem II activity noted to decline in Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu exposed plants, while Photosystem I activity showed enhancement under heavy metal stress in comparison to control. The increase in PS I activity supported build up of transthylakoidal proton gradient (ΔpH), which subsequently helped in maintaining the photophosphorylation potential. Ribulose 1,5 dicarboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity noted a decline. Alterations in photosynthetic potential of Salvinia result primarily from changes in carbon assimilation efficiency with slight variations in primary photochemical activities and photophosphorylation potential. Studies suggest that Salvinia possess efficient photosynthetic machinery to withstand heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Dhir
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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93
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Lafabrie C, Major KM, Major CS, Miller MM, Cebrián J. Comparison of morphology and photo-physiology with metal/metalloid contamination in Vallisneria neotropicalis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 191:356-365. [PMID: 21592664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this in situ study was to investigate the integrated impact(s) that metal/metalloid contamination might have on the overall health and performance of the ecologically important aquatic macrophyte, Vallisneria neotropicalis. Morphological (i.e., shoot growth-based endpoints) and photo-physiological (i.e., photosynthetic activity measured as chlorophyll a fluorescence and oxygen exchange) variables, along with aboveground tissue metal/metalloid concentrations, were measured in natural populations of V. neotropicalis that differed with respect to their anthropogenic pressure. With the exception of an overall negative effect on growth, our results suggest that there were no detrimental effects of low/moderate contamination of V. neotropicalis by trace elements (i.e., arsenic As and mercury Hg; 1.04-2.77 μg g(-1) dry wt. and 3.76-15.18 ng g(-1) dry wt., respectively) on the photosynthetic physiological performance of this species. V. neotropicalis appears to tolerate low/moderate levels of trace element contamination with little impact on plant health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lafabrie
- Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA.
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94
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Mu P, Feng D, Su J, Zhang Y, Dai J, Jin H, Liu B, He Y, Qi K, Wang H, Wang J. Cu2+ triggers reversible aggregation of a disordered His-rich dehydrin MpDhn12 from Musa paradisiaca. J Biochem 2011; 150:491-9. [PMID: 21737399 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient, but it is toxic in excess. Here, we cloned and characterized a His-rich low molecular weight dehydrin from Musa paradisiaca, MpDhn12. Analysis by circular dichroism (CD) spectra and a thermal stability assay showed that MpDhn12 is an intrinsically disordered protein, and immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) analysis revealed that MpDhn12 can bind Cu(2+) both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, MpDhn12 aggregated under excess Cu(2+) conditions, and the aggregation was reversible and impaired by histidine modification with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), while the disordered structure of another dehydrin ERD14 (as a control) was not changed. Furthermore, MpDhn12 could complement the copper-sensitive phenotype of yeast mutant Δsod1. These results together suggested that MpDhn12 may take part in buffering copper levels through chelation and formation of aggregates in excess Cu(2+) conditions. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report that a dehydrin interchanged between disordered and aggregated state triggered by copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiang Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol and Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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95
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Zheng X, Long W, Guo Y, Ma E. Effects of cadmium exposure on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in fourth-instar larvae of Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae) under laboratory conditions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:827-832. [PMID: 21735900 DOI: 10.1603/ec10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic antioxidants such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutases (SOD), as well as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation) were determined to identify which antioxidant enzymes participate in the efficient scavenging of ROS generated upon exposure to high doses of Cd2+ in fourth-instar Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokuna) (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae after 72-h exposure. A significant increase in MDA levels and a change in GR and GPx activities in the Cd(2+)-treated P. akamusi were observed. The MDA in 25.0 and 50.0 mmol/liter treatments was significantly higher than that of the control dose after 72 h exposure. GPx activity was significantly induced by Cd2+ exposure only in the 50.0-mmol/liter treatment with a 0.59-fold increase in the control. All doses of Cd2+ significantly suppressed GR activity compared with the findings for the control dose, with an inhibited rate up to 0.55-fold in the 25.0 mmol/liter Cd2+ treatment. SOD and GST activities were not altered. The results indicate that Cd2+ can induce oxidative stress as indicated by the changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. For P. akamusi, an increase in the dose that the threshold needed for defense (namely, MDA level and GPx activity) activation was achieved. From this, organisms can be hypothesized to enable cells to avoid oxidant stress up to a certain extent where damage is again measurable (higher Cd2+ concentration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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96
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Velikova V, Tsonev T, Loreto F, Centritto M. Changes in photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance to CO2, and isoprenoid emissions in Populus nigra plants exposed to excess nickel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1058-66. [PMID: 21126813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus nigra) plants were grown hydroponically with 30 and 200 μM Ni (Ni30 and Ni200). Photosynthesis limitations and isoprenoid emissions were investigated in two leaf types (mature and developing). Ni stress significantly decreased photosynthesis, and this effect depended on the leaf Ni content, which was lower in mature than in developing leaves. The main limitations to photosynthesis were attributed to mesophyll conductance and metabolism impairment. In Ni-stressed developing leaves, isoprene emission was significantly stimulated. We attribute such stimulation to the lower chloroplastic [CO2] than in control leaves. However chloroplastic [CO2] did not control isoprene emission in mature leaves. Ni stress induced the emission of cis-β-ocimene in mature leaves, and of linalool in both leaf types. Induced biosynthesis and emission of isoprenoids reveal the onset of antioxidant processes that may also contribute to reduce Ni stress, especially in mature poplar leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. M. Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Acad. G. Bonchev, Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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97
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Gomathy M, Sabarinath K, Thangaraju M, Subramania K, Devi TS, Ananthi K. The Effect of Mycorrhizae Inoculated Maize Root Exudates in Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Chromium Polluted Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5567/imicro-ik.2011.20.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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98
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Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2010; 8:199-216. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1409] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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99
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Asztalos E, Italiano F, Milano F, Maróti P, Trotta M. Early detection of mercury contamination by fluorescence induction of photosynthetic bacteria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1218-23. [PMID: 20664861 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The induction (sudden dark-to-light transition) of fluorescence of photosynthetic bacteria has proved to be sensitive tool for early detection of mercury (Hg(2+)) contamination of the culture medium. The major characteristics of the induction (dark, variable and maximum fluorescence levels together with rise time) offer an easier, faster and more informative assay of indication of the contamination than the conventional techniques. The inhibition of Hg(2+) is stronger in the light than in the dark and follows complex kinetics. The fast component (in minutes) reflects the damage of the quinone acceptor pool of the RC and the slow component (in hours) is sensitive to the disintegration of the light harvesting system including the loss of the structural organization and of the pigments. By use of fluorescence induction, the dependence of the diverse pathways and kinetics of the mercury-induced effects on the age and the metabolic state of the bacteria were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Asztalos
- Department of Biophysics, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720, Hungary
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100
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Smiri M, Chaoui A, Rouhier N, Gelhaye E, Jacquot JP, El Ferjani E. NAD pattern and NADH oxidase activity in pea (Pisum sativum L.) under cadmium toxicity. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 16:305-315. [PMID: 23572980 PMCID: PMC3550678 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-010-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were germinated for 5 days by soaking in distilled water or 5 mM cadmium chloride. Compared to the control, cadmium (Cd) caused a reduction in percent germination and embryo growth. Pyridine nucleotide coenzyme concentrations were determined in cotyledons and embryonic axis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase activity was examined. Cd treatment caused a restriction in levels of reduced coenzyme form in the mitochondria and the post-mitochondrial fraction of cotyledons, and embryonic axis. The oxidized coenzyme form has been accumulated by Cd-treated mitochondria of both tissues. It was also found that NADH oxidase activity was stimulated. The relationship between coenzyme levels, seed germination, pea growth, and Cd stress has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moêz Smiri
- />Bio-Physiologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisie
- />Unité Mixte de Recherches, 1136 Interaction arbres-microorganismes INRA-Université Henri-Poincaré, IFR110, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex, France
| | - Abdelilah Chaoui
- />Bio-Physiologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisie
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- />Unité Mixte de Recherches, 1136 Interaction arbres-microorganismes INRA-Université Henri-Poincaré, IFR110, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex, France
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- />Unité Mixte de Recherches, 1136 Interaction arbres-microorganismes INRA-Université Henri-Poincaré, IFR110, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Jacquot
- />Unité Mixte de Recherches, 1136 Interaction arbres-microorganismes INRA-Université Henri-Poincaré, IFR110, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex, France
| | - Ezzedine El Ferjani
- />Bio-Physiologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisie
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