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Zhi D, Yang W, Yue J, Xu S, Ma W, Zhao C, Wang X, Wang D. HSF-1 mediated combined ginsenosides ameliorating Alzheimer's disease like symptoms in Caernorhabditis elegans. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2136-2148. [PMID: 34263695 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1949791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There are few effective medications to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that several ginsenosides possess mild or moderate anti-AD activity. In our present work, a preferred combined ginsenosides was shown to have a more significant benefit effect on AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis and hypersensitivity to exogenous 5-HT in C. elegans. The combined ginsenosides can suppress Aβ deposits and Aβ oligomers, alleviating the toxicity induced by Aβ overexpression more effectively than used alone. Its anti-AD effect was partially abolished by hsf-1 RNAi knocked down or hsf-1 inactivation by point mutation, but not by daf-16 or skn-1 RNAi knocked down. Furthermore, it markedly activated hsp-16.2 gene expression downstream of HSF-1. Our results demonstrated that HSF-1 signaling pathway exerts an important role in mediating the therapeutic effect of combined ginsenosides on AD worms. These results provided powerful evidences and theoretical foundation for reshaping medicinal products of ginsenosides and ginseng on prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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52
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Saha T, Roy S, Chakraborty R, Biswas A, Das SK, Ray K, Ray J, Sengupta M. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Three Independent Polymorphisms have no Association with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in East Indian Population. Neurol India 2021; 69:461-465. [PMID: 33904476 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.314553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted illness affecting ~ 0.3% of the world population. The genetic complexity of PD has not been, fully elucidated. Several studies suggest that mitochondrial DNA variants are associated with PD. Objective Here, we have explored the possibility of genetic association between mitochondrial haplogroups as well as three independent SNPs with PD in a representative east Indian population. Methods and Material The Asian mtDNA haplogroups: M, N, R, B, D, M7, and 3 other SNPs: 4336 T/C, 9055 G/A, 13708 G/A were genotyped in 100 sporadic PD patients and 100 matched controls via conventional PCR-RFLP-sequencing approach. Results The distribution of mtDNA haplogroups, as well as 3 single polymorphisms, did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05) between patients and controls. Conclusion This is the first of its kind of study from India that suggests no association of selected mitochondrial DNA variations with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Somrita Roy
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Arindam Biswas
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamal K Das
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kunal Ray
- School of Biological Sciences, RKMVERI, Narendrapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jharna Ray
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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53
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Abrahams S, Miller HC, Lombard C, van der Westhuizen FH, Bardien S. Curcumin pre-treatment may protect against mitochondrial damage in LRRK2-mutant Parkinson's disease and healthy control fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101035. [PMID: 34189277 PMCID: PMC8219994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as one of the pathobiological underpinnings in Parkinson's disease. Environmental stressors, such as paraquat, induce mitochondrial dysfunction and promote reactive oxygen species production. Targeting oxidative stress pathways could prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby halt the neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Since curcumin is touted as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, the aim of this study was to investigate if curcumin is a suitable therapy to target mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease using a paraquat-toxicity induced model in fibroblasts from LRRK2-mutation positive Parkinson's disease individuals and healthy controls. The fibroblasts were exposed to five treatment groups, (i) untreated, (ii) curcumin only, (iii) paraquat only, (iv) pre-curcumin group: with curcumin for 2hr followed by paraquat for 24hr and (v) post-curcumin group: with paraquat for 24hr followed by curcumin for 2hr. Mitochondrial function was determined by measuring three parameters of mitochondrial respiration (maximal respiration, ATP-associated respiration, and spare respiratory capacity) using the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. As expected, paraquat effectively disrupted mitochondrial function for all parameters. Pre-curcumin treatment improved maximal and ATP-associated respiration whereas, post-curcumin treatment had no effect. These findings indicate that curcumin may be most beneficial as a pre-treatment before toxin exposure, which has implications for its therapeutic use. These promising findings warrant future studies testing different curcumin dosages, exposure times and curcumin formulations in larger sample sizes of Parkinson's disease and control participants. Paraquat reduced respiration in Parkinson's disease and control fibroblasts. Curcumin, an antioxidant, improved mitochondrial respiration, as a pre-treatment. Post-treatment with curcumin did not improve mitochondrial respiration.
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Key Words
- ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- FCCP, Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone
- LRRK2, Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Mitochondrial function
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- Oxidative stress
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- Paraquat
- Turmeric
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameemah Abrahams
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hayley C Miller
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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54
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Yakhine-Diop SMS, Rodríguez-Arribas M, Canales-Cortés S, Martínez-Chacón G, Uribe-Carretero E, Blanco-Benítez M, Duque-González G, Paredes-Barquero M, Alegre-Cortés E, Climent V, Aiastui A, López de Munain A, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Niso-Santano M, Fuentes JM, González-Polo RA. The parkinsonian LRRK2 R1441G mutation shows macroautophagy-mitophagy dysregulation concomitant with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:889-911. [PMID: 34060004 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism responsible for the degradation of cellular components to maintain their homeostasis. However, autophagy is commonly altered and compromised in several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) can be considered a multifactorial disease because environmental factors, genetic factors, and aging are involved. Several genes are involved in PD pathology, among which the LRRK2 gene and its mutations, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, are responsible for most genetic PD cases. The R1441G LRRK2 mutation is, after G2019S, the most important in PD pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a relationship between the R1441G LRRK2 mutation and a mechanistic dysregulation of autophagy that compromises cell viability. This altered autophagy mechanism is associated with organellar stress including mitochondrial (which induces mitophagy) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, consistent with the fact that patients with this mutation are more vulnerable to toxins related to PD, such as MPP+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokhna M S Yakhine-Diop
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Arribas
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Saray Canales-Cortés
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elisabet Uribe-Carretero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mercedes Blanco-Benítez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gema Duque-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Marta Paredes-Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eva Alegre-Cortés
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Vicente Climent
- Departamento de Anatomía Y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Cell Culture Platform, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuroscience Area of Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,Ilundain Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José M Bravo-San Pedro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain.
| | - José M Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Rosa A González-Polo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular Y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería Y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain.
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55
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Badanjak K, Fixemer S, Smajić S, Skupin A, Grünewald A. The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4676. [PMID: 33925154 PMCID: PMC8125756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the world's population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is on the rise. In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the pathology of PD. There is great evidence that microglia have a significant neuroprotective role, and that impaired and over activated microglial phenotypes are present in brains of PD patients. Thereby, PD progression is potentially driven by a vicious cycle between dying neurons and microglia through the instigation of oxidative stress, mitophagy and autophagy dysfunctions, a-synuclein accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Hence, investigating the involvement of microglia is of great importance for future research and treatment of PD. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent findings concerning the microglia-neuronal interplay in PD with a focus on human postmortem immunohistochemistry and single-cell studies, their relation to animal and iPSC-derived models, newly emerging technologies, and the resulting potential of new anti-inflammatory therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Semra Smajić
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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56
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Peters OM, Weiss A, Metterville J, Song L, Logan R, Smith GA, Schwarzschild MA, Mueller C, Brown RH, Freeman M. Genetic diversity of axon degenerative mechanisms in models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105368. [PMID: 33892050 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative movement disorder, associated with profound loss of dopaminergic neurons from the basal ganglia. Though loss of dopaminergic neuron cell bodies from the substantia nigra pars compacta is a well-studied feature, atrophy and loss of their axons within the nigrostriatal tract is also emerging as an early event in disease progression. Genes that drive the Wallerian degeneration, like Sterile alpha and toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif containing (Sarm1), are excellent candidates for driving this axon degeneration, given similarities in the morphology of axon degeneration after axotomy and in PD. In the present study we assessed whether Sarm1 contributes to loss of dopaminergic projections in mouse models of PD. In Sarm1 deficient mice, we observed a significant delay in the degeneration of severed dopaminergic axons distal to a 6-OHDA lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in the nigrostriatal tract, and an accompanying rescue of morphological, biochemical and behavioural phenotypes. However, we observed no difference compared to controls when striatal terminals were lesioned with 6-OHDA to induce a dying back form of neurodegeneration. Likewise, when PD phenotypes were induced using AAV-induced alpha-synuclein overexpression, we observed similar modest loss of dopaminergic terminals in Sarm1 knockouts and controls. Our data argues that axon degeneration after MFB lesion is Sarm1-dependent, but that other models for PD do not require Sarm1, or that Sarm1 acts with other redundant genetic pathways. This work adds to a growing body of evidence indicating Sarm1 contributes to some, but not all types of neurodegeneration, and supports the notion that while axon degeneration in many context appears morphologically similar, a diversity of axon degeneration programs exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Peters
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Alexandra Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jake Metterville
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Lina Song
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert Logan
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA 02170, USA
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Marc Freeman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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57
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Liang Y, Cui L, Gao J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Zhang HL. Gut Microbial Metabolites in Parkinson's Disease: Implications of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis and Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3745-3758. [PMID: 33825149 PMCID: PMC8280023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The search for therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease (PD) is hindered by the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an area with high potential. The neurobiological signaling connections between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system are incompletely understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD. Gut microbial dysbiosis may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons through mitochondrial dysfunction. The intervention of gut microbial metabolites via the microbiota-gut-brain axis may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. In this narrative review, we summarize the potential roles of gut microbial dysbiosis in PD, with emphasis on microbial metabolites and mitochondrial function. We then review the possible ways in which microbial metabolites affect the central nervous system, as well as the impact of microbial metabolites on mitochondrial dysfunction. We finally discuss the possibility of gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiguo Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shuangqing Road 83, Beijing, 100085, China.
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58
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Feng YS, Tan ZX, Wu LY, Dong F, Zhang F. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111428. [PMID: 33667787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In an ageing society, neurodegenerative diseases have attracted attention because of their high incidence worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of conclusive insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which limit the strategies for symptomatic treatment. Therefore, better elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases can provide an important theoretical basis for the discovery of new and effective prevention and treatment methods. The innate immune system is activated during the ageing process and in response to neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play an important role in the activation of the innate immune system. They mediate inflammatory reactions and pyroptosis, which are closely involved in neurodegeneration. There are different types of inflammasomes, although the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most common inflammasome; NLRP3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its crucial role in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. We will also review various treatments that target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and alleviate neuroinflammation. Finally, we will summarize the novel treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lin-Yu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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59
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Koklesova L, Samec M, Liskova A, Zhai K, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golunitschaja O. Mitochondrial impairments in aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases: common origin but individual outcomes in context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:27-40. [PMID: 33686350 PMCID: PMC7931170 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury plays a key role in the aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases exhibiting a "vicious circle" characteristic for pathomechanisms of the mitochondrial and multi-organ damage frequently developed in a reciprocal manner. Although the origin of the damage is common (uncontrolled ROS release, diminished energy production and extensive oxidative stress to life-important biomolecules such as mtDNA and chrDNA), individual outcomes differ significantly representing a spectrum of associated pathologies including but not restricted to neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Contextually, the role of predictive, preventive and personalised (PPPM/3P) medicine is to introduce predictive analytical approaches which allow for distinguishing between individual outcomes under circumstance of mitochondrial impairments followed by cost-effective targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services. Current article considers innovative concepts and analytical instruments to advance management of mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golunitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Chen H, Li X, Ma H, Zheng W, Shen X. Reduction in Nesfatin-1 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Increased Nigrostriatal Degeneration Following Ventricular Administration of Anti-nesfatin-1 Antibody in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621173. [PMID: 33613183 PMCID: PMC7890421 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is one of several brain-gut peptides that have a close relationship with the central dopaminergic system. Our previous studies have shown that nesfatin-1 is capable of protecting nigral dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. A recent study also revealed a reduced blood level of nesfatin-1 in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The current study was designed to investigate whether reduced nesfatin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) induces nigrostriatal system degeneration. An intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) injection technique was used to administer anti-nesfatin-1 antibody directly into the lateral ventricle of the brain. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that ICV injection of anti-nesfatin-1 antibody into the lateral ventricle of the brain once daily for 2 weeks caused a significant reduction in nesfatin-1 levels in the CSF (93.1%). Treatment with anti-nesfatin-1 antibody resulted in a substantial loss (23%) of TH-positive (TH+) dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), as shown by immunofluorescence staining, a depletion in dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and obvious nuclear shrinkage and mitochondrial lesions in dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the results from our Western blot and ELISA experiments demonstrated that anti-nesfatin-1 antibody injection induced an upregulation of caspase-3 activation, increased the expression of p-ERK, and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the SNpc. Taken together, these observations suggest that reduced nesfatin-1 in the brain may induce nigrostriatal dopaminergic system degeneration; this effect may be mediated via mitochondrial dysfunction-related apoptosis. Our data support a role of nesfatin-1 in maintaining the normal physiological function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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61
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Prasuhn J, Davis RL, Kumar KR. Targeting Mitochondrial Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:615461. [PMID: 33469539 PMCID: PMC7813753 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex, but mitochondrial dysfunction has an established and prominent role. This is supported by an already large and rapidly growing body of evidence showing that the role of mitochondrial (dys)function is central and multifaceted. However, there are clear gaps in knowledge, including the dilemma of explaining why inherited mitochondriopathies do not usually present with parkinsonian symptoms. Many aspects of mitochondrial function are potential therapeutic targets, including reactive oxygen species production, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking, mitochondrial metal ion homeostasis, sirtuins, and endoplasmic reticulum links with mitochondria. Potential therapeutic strategies may also incorporate exercise, microRNAs, mitochondrial transplantation, stem cell therapies, and photobiomodulation. Despite multiple studies adopting numerous treatment strategies, clinical trials to date have generally failed to show benefit. To overcome this hurdle, more accurate biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction are required to detect subtle beneficial effects. Furthermore, selecting study participants early in the disease course, studying them for suitable durations, and stratifying them according to genetic and neuroimaging findings may increase the likelihood of successful clinical trials. Moreover, treatments involving combined approaches will likely better address the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, selecting the right patients, at the right time, and using targeted combination treatments, may offer the best chance for development of an effective novel therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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62
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Lawler AJ, Brown AR, Bouchard RS, Toong N, Kim Y, Velraj N, Fox G, Kleyman M, Kang B, Gittis AH, Pfenning AR. Cell Type-Specific Oxidative Stress Genomic Signatures in the Globus Pallidus of Dopamine-Depleted Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9772-9783. [PMID: 33188066 PMCID: PMC7726543 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1634-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron subtype dysfunction is a key contributor to neurologic disease circuits, but identifying associated gene regulatory pathways is complicated by the molecular complexity of the brain. For example, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) are critically involved in the motor deficits of dopamine-depleted mouse models of Parkinson's disease, where cell type-specific optogenetic stimulation of PV+ neurons over other neuron populations rescues locomotion. Despite the distinct roles these cell types play in the neural circuit, the molecular correlates remain unknown because of the difficulty of isolating rare neuron subtypes. To address this issue, we developed a new viral affinity purification strategy, Cre-Specific Nuclear Anchored Independent Labeling, to isolate Cre recombinase-expressing (Cre+) nuclei from the adult mouse brain. Applying this technology, we performed targeted assessments of the cell type-specific transcriptomic and epigenetic effects of dopamine depletion on PV+ and PV- cells within three brain regions of male and female mice: GPe, striatum, and cortex. We found GPe PV+ neuron-specific gene expression changes that suggested increased hypoxia-inducible factor 2α signaling. Consistent with transcriptomic data, regions of open chromatin affected by dopamine depletion within GPe PV+ neurons were enriched for hypoxia-inducible factor family binding motifs. The gene expression and epigenomic experiments performed on PV+ neurons isolated by Cre-Specific Nuclear Anchored Independent Labeling identified a transcriptional regulatory network mediated by the neuroprotective factor Hif2a as underlying neural circuit differences in response to dopamine depletion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cre-Specific Nuclear Anchored Independent Labeling is an enhanced, virus-based approach to isolate nuclei of a specific cell type for transcriptome and epigenome interrogation that decreases dependency on transgenic animals. Applying this technology to GPe parvalbumin-expressing neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, we discovered evidence for an upregulation of the oxygen homeostasis maintaining pathway involving Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α. These results provide new insight into how neuron subtypes outside the substantia nigra pars compacta may be compensating at a molecular level for differences in the motor production neural circuit during the progression of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, they emphasize the utility of cell type-specific technologies, such as Cre-Specific Nuclear Anchored Independent Labeling, for isolated assessment of specific neuron subtypes in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Lawler
- Computational Biology
- Biological Sciences
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ashley R Brown
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Rachel S Bouchard
- Biological Sciences
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Noelle Toong
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Nitinram Velraj
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Grant Fox
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Michael Kleyman
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Byungsoo Kang
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Aryn H Gittis
- Biological Sciences
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Computational Biology
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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63
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Cerri S, Valente EM. Mitochondria and Parkinson's disease: a complex (III) liaison. Brain 2020; 143:3175-3178. [PMID: 33278820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Mitochondrial UQCRC1 mutations cause autosomal dominant parkinsonism with polyneuropathy’, by Lin et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa279).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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64
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Devos D, Hirsch E, Wyse R. Seven Solutions for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:306-316. [PMID: 33184908 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of iron and alpha-synuclein; it follows a characteristic pattern throughout the nervous system. Despite decades of successful preclinical neuroprotective studies, no drug has then shown efficacy in clinical trials. Considering this dilemma, we have reviewed and organized solutions of varying importance that can be exclusive or additive, and we outline approaches to help generate successful development of neuroprotective drugs for PD: (1) select patients in which the targeted mechanism is involved in the pathological process associated with the monitoring of target engagement, (2) combine treatments that target multiple pathways, (3) establish earliest interventions and develop better prodromal biomarkers, (4) adopt rigorous methodology and specific disease-relevant designs for disease-modifying clinical trials, (5) customize drug with better brain biodistribution, (6) prioritize repurposed drugs as a first line approach, and (7) adapt preclinical models to the targeted mechanisms with translational biomarkers to increase their predictive value. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center for Parkinson, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, zUMR-S1172, LICEND, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Etienne Hirsch
- Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wyse
- The Cure Parkinson's Trust, London, United Kingdom
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65
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Goyal S, Chaturvedi RK. Mitochondrial Protein Import Dysfunction in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1418-1437. [PMID: 33180216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis and cellular survival. In the brain, higher ATP production is required by mature neurons for communication. Most of the mitochondrial proteins transcribe in the nucleus and import in mitochondria through different pathways of the mitochondrial protein import machinery. This machinery plays a crucial role in determining mitochondrial morphology and functions through mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of this machinery and any alterations during mitochondrial biogenesis underlies neurodegeneration resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. Current knowledge has revealed the different pathways of mitochondrial protein import machinery such as translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex, the presequence pathway, carrier pathway, β-barrel pathway, and mitochondrial import and assembly machinery etc. In this review, we have discussed the recent studies regarding protein import machinery, beyond the well-known effects of increased oxidative stress and bioenergetics dysfunctions. We have elucidated in detail how these types of machinery help to import and locate the precursor proteins to their specific location inside the mitochondria and play a major role in mitochondrial biogenesis. We further discuss their involvement in mitochondrial dysfunctioning and the induction of toxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases like AD and PD. The review supports the importance of import machinery in neuronal functions and its association with toxic aggregated proteins in mitochondrial impairment, suggesting a critical role in fostering and maintaining neurodegeneration and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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66
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Hanss Z, Larsen SB, Antony P, Mencke P, Massart F, Jarazo J, Schwamborn JC, Barbuti PA, Mellick GD, Krüger R. Mitochondrial and Clearance Impairment in p.D620N VPS35 Patient-Derived Neurons. Mov Disord 2020; 36:704-715. [PMID: 33142012 PMCID: PMC8048506 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background VPS35 is part of the retromer complex and is responsible for the trafficking and recycling of proteins implicated in autophagy and lysosomal degradation, but also takes part in the degradation of mitochondrial proteins via mitochondria‐derived vesicles. The p.D620N mutation of VPS35 causes an autosomal‐dominant form of Parkinson's disease (PD), clinically representing typical PD. Objective Most of the studies on p.D620N VPS35 were performed on human tumor cell lines, rodent models overexpressing mutant VPS35, or in patient‐derived fibroblasts. Here, based on identified target proteins, we investigated the implication of mutant VPS35 in autophagy, lysosomal degradation, and mitochondrial function in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons from a patient harboring the p.D620N mutation. Methods We reprogrammed fibroblasts from a PD patient carrying the p.D620N mutation in the VPS35 gene and from two healthy donors in induced pluripotent stem cells. These were subsequently differentiated into neuronal precursor cells to finally generate midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Results We observed a decreased autophagic flux and lysosomal mass associated with an accumulation of α‐synuclein in patient‐derived neurons compared to controls. Moreover, patient‐derived neurons presented a mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial respiration, and increased production of reactive oxygen species associated with a defect in mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy. Conclusion We describe for the first time the impact of the p.D620N VPS35 mutation on autophago‐lysosome pathway and mitochondrial function in stem cell‐derived neurons from an affected p.D620N carrier and define neuronal phenotypes for future pharmacological interventions. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Hanss
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Simone B Larsen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pauline Mencke
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - François Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Peter A Barbuti
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg
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67
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Cutillo G, Simon DK, Eleuteri S. VPS35 and the mitochondria: Connecting the dots in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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68
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Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
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69
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Gaetani L, Paolini Paoletti F, Bellomo G, Mancini A, Simoni S, Di Filippo M, Parnetti L. CSF and Blood Biomarkers in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Treatment. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:1023-1037. [PMID: 33127098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the interplay of a number of molecular pathways that can be assessed through biofluids, especially cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Accordingly, the definition and classification of these disorders will move from clinical and pathological to biological criteria. The consequences of this biomarker-based diagnostic and prognostic approach are highly relevant to the field of drug development. Indeed, in view of the availability of disease-modifying drugs, fluid biomarkers offer a unique opportunity for improving the quality and applicability of results from clinical trials. Herein, we discuss the benefits of using fluid biomarkers for patient stratification, target engagement, and outcome assessment, as well as the most recent developments in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gaetani
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bellomo
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Simoni
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Fan S, Wu K, Zhao M, Yuan J, Ma S, Zhu E, Chen Y, Ding H, Yi L, Chen J. LDHB inhibition induces mitophagy and facilitates the progression of CSFV infection. Autophagy 2020; 17:2305-2324. [PMID: 32924761 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1823123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism caters to the energy and metabolite needs of cells. Although the role of the terminal metabolic enzyme LDHB (lactate dehydrogenase B) in the glycolysis pathway has been widely studied in cancer cells, its role in viral infection is relatively unknown. In this study, we found that CSFV (classical swine fever virus) infection reduces pyruvate levels while promotes lactate release in pigs and in PK-15 cells. Moreover, using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we identified LDHB as a novel interacting partner of CSFV non-structural protein NS3. These results were confirmed via co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase and confocal assays. Furthermore, knockdown of LDHB via interfering RNA induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, as detected reduced mitochondrial mass. Upon inhibition of LDHB, expression of the mitophagy proteins TOMM20 and VDAC1 decreased and the ubiquitination of MFN2, a mitochondrial fusion mediator, was promoted. In addition, a sensitive dual fluorescence reporter (mito-mRFP-EGFP) was utilized to analyze the delivery of autophagosomes to lysosomes in LDHB inhibition cells. Furthermore, LDHB inhibition promoted NFKB signaling, which was regulated by mitophagy; meanwhile, infection with CSFV negated these NFKB anti-viral responses. Inhibition of LDHB also inhibited apoptosis, providing an environment conducive to persistent viral infection. Finally, we demonstrated that LDHB inhibition promoted CSFV growth via mitophagy, whereas its overexpression decreased CSFV replication. Our data revealed a novel mechanism through which LDHB, a metabolic enzyme, mediates CSFV infection, and provides new avenues for the development of anti-viral strategies.Abbreviations: 3-MA:3-methyladenine; CCCP:carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CCK-8:cell counting kit-8; CSFV:classical swine fever virus; DAPI:4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMSO:dimethyl sulfoxide; EGFP:enhanced green fluorescent protein; FBS:fetal bovine serum; FITC:fluorescein isothiocyanate; GST:glutathione-S-transferase; HCV:hepatitis C virus; IFN:interferon; LDH:lactate dehydrogenase; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFN2:mitofusin 2; MOI:multiplicity of infection; NFKB:nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1; NFKBIA:nuclear factor inhibitor alpha; NS3:nonstructural protein 3; NKIRAS2:NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras like 2; PRKN:parkin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PBS:phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR:real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; RELA:RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TCID50:50% tissue culture infectious doses; TEM:transmission electron microscopy; TNF:tumor necrosis factor; TOMM20:translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; VDAC1:voltage dependent anion channel 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Grossmann D, Berenguer-Escuder C, Chemla A, Arena G, Krüger R. The Emerging Role of RHOT1/Miro1 in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:587. [PMID: 33041957 PMCID: PMC7523470 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expected increase in prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder over the next years underscores the need for a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenesis. Here, first insights provided by genetics over the last two decades, such as dysfunction of molecular and organellar quality control, are described. The mechanisms involved relate to impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics, which are tightly linked to the cross talk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. A number of proteins related to monogenic forms of PD have been mapped to these pathways, i.e., PINK1, Parkin, LRRK2, and α-synuclein. Recently, Miro1 was identified as an important player, as several studies linked Miro1 to mitochondrial quality control by PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and mitochondrial transport. Moreover, Miro1 is an important regulator of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs), where it acts as a sensor for cytosolic calcium levels. The involvement of Miro1 in the pathogenesis of PD was recently confirmed by genetic evidence based on the first PD patients with heterozygous mutations in RHOT1/Miro1. Patient-based cellular models from RHOT1/Miro1 mutation carriers showed impaired calcium homeostasis, structural alterations of MERCs, and increased mitochondrial clearance. To account for the emerging role of Miro1, we present a comprehensive overview focusing on the role of this protein in PD-related neurodegeneration and highlighting new developments in our understanding of Miro1, which provide new avenues for neuroprotective therapies for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Section for Translational Neurodegeneration "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Axel Chemla
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
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72
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Cui Y, Wen X, Nan Y, Xiang G, Wei Z, Wei L, Xia Y, Li Q. Overexpressed PERK suppresses the neurodegenerative phenotypes in PINK1 B9 flies by enhancing mitochondrial function. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104825. [PMID: 32898622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) mutation induces autosomal recessive Parkinson's Disease (PD), mitochondrial dysfunction is the central pathogenic process. However, more and more studies presented the bulk of the damage to neurons with mitochondrial dysfunction stems from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In mitochondria damaged PINK1B9 fly model how protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) arm of ER stress functions remains a mystery. Thus, we generated both PERK overexpressed (PEK OE) and down expressed (PEK RNAi) PINK1B9 flies and monitored their motor activity. We found PEK OE decreased the abnormal wing posture rate and rescued PINK1B9 flies' motor activity. Furthermore, we observed the increased number of dopaminergic neurons of protocerebral posterior lateral 1 (PPL1) and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels in PINK1B9 flies. When testing the mitochondrial morphology in flight muscle with TEM, we found that the shape of the mitochondria became normal. The ATP levels of flight muscle tissues were significantly elevated in PEK OE PINK1B9 flies with the increased function of mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Complex I (CI) but not Complex Ⅱ (CⅡ) which is further confirmed by oxygen consumption experiments, Western Blot, and RT-PCR to examine the corresponding subunits. We suggest that overexpression of PERK can rescue PINK1B9 PD flies' pathogenic phenotypes and it is linked with the improved mitochondrial function especially CI of ETC but not CⅡ. Our findings may pave a way for the target of the drug for alleviating the suffering of PINK1 mutant autosomal recessive PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueyi Wen
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yuyu Nan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Guoliang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zaiwa Wei
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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73
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Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Calcium, Bioenergetics, and Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092045. [PMID: 32911641 PMCID: PMC7564460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for the core motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous pacemakers that have large cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that have been linked to basal mitochondrial oxidant stress and turnover. This review explores the origin of Ca2+ oscillations and their role in the control of mitochondrial respiration, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial oxidant stress.
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74
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Piccirillo S, Magi S, Preziuso A, Castaldo P, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. Gateways for Glutamate Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease (PD): Essential Role of EAAT3 and NCX1 Revealed in an In Vitro Model of PD. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092037. [PMID: 32899900 PMCID: PMC7563499 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic alterations may be etiologically linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and in particular empathizes the possibility of targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions to improve PD progression. Under different pathological conditions (i.e., cardiac and neuronal ischemia/reperfusion injury), we showed that supplementation of energetic substrates like glutamate exerts a protective role by preserving mitochondrial functions and enhancing ATP synthesis through a mechanism involving the Na+-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). In this study, we investigated whether a similar approach aimed at promoting glutamate metabolism would be also beneficial against cell damage in an in vitro PD-like model. In retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells challenged with α-synuclein (α-syn) plus rotenone (Rot), glutamate significantly improved cell viability by increasing ATP levels, reducing oxidative damage and cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Glutamate benefits were strikingly lost when either EAAT3 or NCX1 expression was knocked down by RNA silencing. Overall, our results open the possibility of targeting EAAT3/NCX1 functions to limit PD pathology by simultaneously favoring glutamate uptake and metabolic use in dopaminergic neurons.
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Cunnane SC, Trushina E, Morland C, Prigione A, Casadesus G, Andrews ZB, Beal MF, Bergersen LH, Brinton RD, de la Monte S, Eckert A, Harvey J, Jeggo R, Jhamandas JH, Kann O, la Cour CM, Martin WF, Mithieux G, Moreira PI, Murphy MP, Nave KA, Nuriel T, Oliet SHR, Saudou F, Mattson MP, Swerdlow RH, Millan MJ. Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:609-633. [PMID: 32709961 PMCID: PMC7948516 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner - a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically. This Review discusses the status and prospects of therapeutic strategies for countering neurodegenerative disorders of ageing by improving, preserving or rescuing brain energetics. The approaches described include restoring oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, increasing insulin sensitivity, correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, ketone-based interventions, acting via hormones that modulate cerebral energetics, RNA therapeutics and complementary multimodal lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Cecilie Morland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Flint Beal
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Jenni Harvey
- Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ross Jeggo
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Jack H Jhamandas
- Department of Medicine, University of Albeta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Albeta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clothide Mannoury la Cour
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - William F Martin
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tal Nuriel
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France.
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76
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Ma H, Guo Z, Gai C, Cheng C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Feng W, Gao Y, Sun H. Protective effects of Buyinqianzheng Formula on mitochondrial morphology by PINK1/Parkin pathway in SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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77
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Mencke P, Hanss Z, Boussaad I, Sugier PE, Elbaz A, Krüger R. Bidirectional Relation Between Parkinson's Disease and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Neurol 2020; 11:898. [PMID: 32973662 PMCID: PMC7468383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Parkinson's disease (PD) define two disease entities that include opposite concepts. Indeed, the involved mechanisms are at different ends of a spectrum related to cell survival - one due to enhanced cellular proliferation and the other due to premature cell death. There is increasing evidence indicating that patients with neurodegenerative diseases like PD have a reduced incidence for most cancers. In support, epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse association between PD and cancer. Both conditions apparently can involve the same set of genes, however, in affected tissues the expression was inversely regulated: genes that are down-regulated in PD were found to be up-regulated in cancer and vice versa, for example p53 or PARK7. When comparing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant brain tumor with poor overall survival, with PD, astrocytes are dysregulated in both diseases in opposite ways. In addition, common genes, that are involved in both diseases and share common key pathways of cell proliferation and metabolism, were shown to be oppositely deregulated in PD and GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of PD- and GBM-associated genes in common pathways that are dysregulated in both conditions. Moreover, we illustrate why the simultaneous study of PD and GBM regarding the role of common pathways may lead to a deeper understanding of these still incurable conditions. Eventually, considering the inverse regulation of certain genes in PD and GBM will help to understand their mechanistic basis, and thus to define novel target-based strategies for causative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mencke
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Zoé Hanss
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- Institut de Statistique de l'Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Interplay between Peripheral and Central Inflammation in Obesity-Promoted Disorders: The Impact on Synaptic Mitochondrial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175964. [PMID: 32825115 PMCID: PMC7504224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic dysfunctions induced by high fat diet (HFD) consumption are not limited to organs involved in energy metabolism but cause also a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that affects the whole body including the central nervous system. The brain has been considered for a long time to be protected from systemic inflammation by the blood–brain barrier, but more recent data indicated an association between obesity and neurodegeneration. Moreover, obesity-related consequences, such as insulin and leptin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, may anticipate and accelerate the physiological aging processes characterized by systemic inflammation and higher susceptibility to neurological disorders. Here, we discussed the link between obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, with particular attention to molecules regulating the interplay between energetic impairment and altered synaptic plasticity, for instance AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The effects of HFD-induced neuroinflammation on neuronal plasticity may be mediated by altered brain mitochondrial functions. Since mitochondria play a key role in synaptic areas, providing energy to support synaptic plasticity and controlling ROS production, the negative effects of HFD may be more pronounced in synapses. In conclusion, it will be emphasized how HFD-induced metabolic alterations, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and impaired brain plasticity are tightly interconnected processes, implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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79
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Lin ZH, Zheng R, Ruan Y, Gao T, Jin CY, Xue NJ, Dong JX, Yan YP, Tian J, Pu JL, Zhang BR. The lack of association between ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I (UQCRC1) variants and Parkinson's disease in an eastern Chinese population. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:990-992. [PMID: 32666668 PMCID: PMC7415203 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Yao Jin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Jia Xue
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xian Dong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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80
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Wint JM, Sirotkin HI. Lrrk2 modulation of Wnt signaling during zebrafish development. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1831-1842. [PMID: 32623786 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (lrrk2) are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Difficulty in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms resulting from disease-associated Lrrk2 variants stems from the complexity of Lrrk2 function and activities. Lrrk2 contains multiple protein-protein interacting domains, a GTPase domain, and a kinase domain. Lrrk2 is implicated in many cellular processes including vesicular trafficking, autophagy, cytoskeleton dynamics, and Wnt signaling. Here, we generated a zebrafish lrrk2 allelic series to study the requirements for Lrrk2 during development and to dissect the importance of its various domains. The alleles are predicted to encode proteins that either lack all functional domains (lrrk2sbu304 ), the GTPase, and kinase domains (lrrk2sbu71 ) or the kinase domain (lrrk2sbu96 ). All three lrrk2 mutants are viable, morphologically normal, and display wild-type-like locomotion. Because Lrrk2 modulates Wnt signaling in some contexts, we assessed Wnt signaling in all three mutant lines. Analysis of Wnt signaling by studying the expression of target genes using whole mount RNA in situ hybridization and a transgenic Wnt reporter revealed wild-type domains of Wnt activity in each of the mutants. However, we found that Wnt pathway activation is attenuated in lrrk2sbu304/sbu304 , which lacks both scaffolding and catalytic domains, but not in the other alleles during late embryogenesis. This supports a model in which Lrrk2 scaffolding functions are key to a context-dependent role in promoting canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinelle M Wint
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Howard I Sirotkin
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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81
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Neuroinflammatory Responses and Parkinson' Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:830-837. [PMID: 32529463 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, which mainly impairs the motor system. However, the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Gene-environment complex interaction leads to selective dopaminergic neuron death in PD. Growing evidences supports that neuroinflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. This review critically discusses current studies on the inflammatory response of the pathological process of PD. The mechanisms and strategies of modifying inflammatory responses would be potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Graphical abstract Activated microglia canpromote the damage ofdopaminergic neurons, which inturn aggravates the activation ofmicroglia in the process of PD. Atthe same time, microglia canactivate astrocytes throughproliferation and secretion ofinflammatory factors. The role ofastrocytes on the loss ofdopaminergic neurons is stillcontroversial in PD. (Nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs. adiposed-derived stemcells, ADSCs.nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate,NADPH. signal transducers andactivators of transcription,STAT.DJ-1,Aliases forPARK7.mesencephalic astrocytederivedneurotrophic factor,MANF.Ciliary neurotrophicfactor,CNTF.glial cell linederivedneurotrophic factor,GDNF.Wnt Family Member1,Wnt1). Graphical abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction causes neuroinflammation throughDAMPs and a series of factors such as oxidative stress andinflammatory bodies in PD. (Damage-associated molecular patterns,DAMPs. reactive oxygen species, ROS). Graphical abstract Various mechanismsparticipate in NLRP3 activation,causing microglia activation inPD. ( -synuclein, -syn.) TolllikeReceptor 2, TLR2. Toll-likeReceptor 4, TLR4. TumorNecrosis Factor, TNF.Apoptosisassociated speck like proteincontaining a CARD, ASC).
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82
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Korecka JA, Thomas R, Christensen DP, Hinrich AJ, Ferrari EJ, Levy SA, Hastings ML, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Mitochondrial clearance and maturation of autophagosomes are compromised in LRRK2 G2019S familial Parkinson's disease patient fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3232-3243. [PMID: 31261377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized human fibroblasts as a preclinical discovery and diagnostic platform for identification of cell biological signatures specific for the LRRK2 G2019S mutation producing Parkinson's disease (PD). Using live cell imaging with a pH-sensitive Rosella biosensor probe reflecting lysosomal breakdown of mitochondria, mitophagy rates were found to be decreased in fibroblasts carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation compared to cells isolated from healthy subject (HS) controls. The mutant LRRK2 increased kinase activity was reduced by pharmacological inhibition and targeted antisense oligonucleotide treatment, which normalized mitophagy rates in the G2019S cells and also increased mitophagy levels in HS cells. Detailed mechanistic analysis showed a reduction of mature autophagosomes in LRRK2 G2019S fibroblasts, which was rescued by LRRK2 specific kinase inhibition. These findings demonstrate an important role for LRRK2 protein in regulation of mitochondrial clearance by the lysosomes, which is hampered in PD with the G2019S mutation. The current results are relevant for cell phenotypic diagnostic approaches and potentially for stratification of PD patients for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Korecka
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ria Thomas
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Dan P Christensen
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Eliza J Ferrari
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Simon A Levy
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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Allnutt AB, Waters AK, Kesari S, Yenugonda VM. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Cdk5: Potential Directions for Therapeutic Targeting in Neurodegenerative Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1218-1230. [PMID: 32286796 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine (ser)/threonine (Thr) kinase that has been demonstrated to be one of the most functionally diverse kinases within neurons. Cdk5 is regulated via binding with its neuron-specific regulatory subunits, p35 or p39. Cdk5-p35 activity is critical for a variety of developmental and cellular processes in the brain, including neuron migration, memory formation, microtubule regulation, and cell cycle suppression. Aberrant activation of Cdk5 via the truncated p35 byproduct, p25, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The present review highlights the importance of Cdk5 activity and function in the brain and demonstrates how deregulation of Cdk5 can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we cover past drug discovery attempts at inhibiting Cdk5-p25 activity and discuss which types of targeting strategies may prove to be the most successful moving forward.
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84
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Paolini Paoletti F, Gaetani L, Parnetti L. Molecular profiling in Parkinsonian syndromes: CSF biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:55-66. [PMID: 32142717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and early diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian syndromes is a major need for their correct and timely therapeutic management. The current diagnostic criteria are mostly based on clinical features and molecular imaging. However, diagnostic doubts often persist especially in the early stages of diseases when signs are slight, ambiguous and overlapping among different syndromes. Molecular imaging may not be altered in the early stages of diseases, also failing to discriminate among different syndromes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents an ideal source of biomarkers reflecting different pathways of neuropathological changes taking place in the brain and preceding the clinical onset. The aim of this review is to provide un update on CSF biomarkers in parkinsonian disorders, discussing in detail their association with neuropathological correlates. Their potential contribution in differential diagnosis and prognostic assessment of different parkinsonian syndromes is also discussed. Before entering the clinical use both for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, these CSF biomarkers need to be thoroughly assessed in terms of pre-analytical and analytical variability, as well as to clinical validation in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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85
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Landi G, Beli R, Landi F, Bernabei R, Bentivoglio AR, Lo Monaco MR, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial Signatures in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles of Older Adults with Parkinson's Disease: Results from the EXosomes in PArkiNson's Disease (EXPAND) Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020504. [PMID: 32059608 PMCID: PMC7074517 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking may link inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, circulating small EVs (sEVs) from 16 older adults with PD and 12 non-PD controls were purified and characterized. A panel of serum inflammatory biomolecules was measured by multiplex immunoassay. Protein levels of three tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81) and selected mitochondrial markers (adenosine triphosphate 5A (ATP5A), mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (MTCOI), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH):ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 (NDUFB8), NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S3 (NDUFS3), succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B (SDHB), and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2)) were quantified in purified sEVs by immunoblotting. Relative to controls, PD participants showed a greater amount of circulating sEVs. Levels of CD9 and CD63 were lower in the sEV fraction of PD participants, whereas those of CD81 were similar between groups. Lower levels of ATP5A, NDUFS3, and SDHB were detected in sEVs from PD participants. No signal was retrieved for UQCRC2, MTCOI, or NDUFB8 in either participant group. To identify a molecular signature in circulating sEVs in relationship to systemic inflammation, a low level-fused (multi-platform) partial least squares discriminant analysis was applied. The model correctly classified 94.2% ± 6.1% PD participants and 66.7% ± 5.4% controls, and identified seven biomolecules as relevant (CD9, NDUFS3, C-reactive protein, fibroblast growth factor 21, interleukin 9, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). In conclusion, a mitochondrial signature was identified in circulating sEVs from older adults with PD, in association with a specific inflammatory profile. In-depth characterization of sEV trafficking may allow identifying new biomarkers for PD and possible targets for personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559 (R.C.); +39-08-3229-8900 (C.B.); Fax: +39-06-3051-911 (R.C.); +39-08-3229-8941 (C.B.)
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
| | - Raffaella Beli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Francesco Landi
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Lo Monaco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559 (R.C.); +39-08-3229-8900 (C.B.); Fax: +39-06-3051-911 (R.C.); +39-08-3229-8941 (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (F.L.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (A.R.B.); (M.R.L.M.)
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86
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Rigotti M, Cerbaro AF, da Silva IDR, Agostini F, Branco CS, Moura S, Salvador M. Grape seed proanthocyanidins prevent H 2 O 2 -induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via SIRT 1 activation in embryonic kidney cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13147. [PMID: 31943241 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Grape proanthocyanidins are compounds widely ingested in the diet. This study evaluated their effects on mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and sirtuin 1 and 3 expressions in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2 O2 . High-resolution mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography characterized the proanthocyanidins extract and the presence of procyanidins B and C was detected. The extract prevented H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage to proteins and lipids and depletion in superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, it was able to regulate the expression of NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7 and prevent mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction, ATP depletion, and apoptosis induced by H2 O2 . Finally, the extract was able to regulate sirtuin 1 and 3 expressions, thus maintaining cell viability. These data show that the grape seed proanthocyanidins can target mitochondrial proteins, which may represent an important approach for the management of numerous chronic illnesses associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Proanthocyanidins are phenolic compounds abundant in regular diet, commonly found in grapes and derivatives, pomegranates, apples, and red fruits, all foods known for their beneficial effects on health. The current study highlights the role of proanthocyanidins as mitochondrial modulators that may explain the biological activity attributed to these compounds. This study brings evidence that proanthocyanidins might be considered as a value-added agent for the development of new nutraceutical and or pharmaceutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rigotti
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Fagundes Cerbaro
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iohana Dos Reis da Silva
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agostini
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Catia Santos Branco
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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87
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Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming and Oxidative Stress to Overcome Chemoresistance in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010135. [PMID: 31947673 PMCID: PMC7023176 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, carried out by cancer cells to rapidly adapt to stress such as hypoxia and limited nutrient conditions, is an emerging concepts in tumor biology, and is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. In contrast with conventional views, based on the classical Warburg effect, these metabolic alterations require fully functional mitochondria and finely-tuned regulations of their activity. In turn, the reciprocal regulation of the metabolic adaptations of cancer cells and the microenvironment critically influence disease progression and response to therapy. This is also realized through the function of specific stress-adaptive proteins, which are able to relieve oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and facilitate the switch between metabolic pathways. Among these, the molecular chaperone tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1), the most abundant heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family member in mitochondria, is particularly relevant because of its role as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, depending on the metabolic features of the specific tumor. This review highlights the interplay between metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression, and the role of mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress in this setting, examining the possibility of targeting pathways of energy metabolism as a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance, with particular emphasis on natural compounds and inhibitors of mitochondrial HSP90s.
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88
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Berenguer-Escuder C, Grossmann D, Massart F, Antony P, Burbulla LF, Glaab E, Imhoff S, Trinh J, Seibler P, Grünewald A, Krüger R. Variants in Miro1 Cause Alterations of ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites in Fibroblasts from Parkinson's Disease Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122226. [PMID: 31888276 PMCID: PMC6947516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although most cases of Parkinson´s disease (PD) are idiopathic with unknown cause, an increasing number of genes and genetic risk factors have been discovered that play a role in PD pathogenesis. Many of the PD-associated proteins are involved in mitochondrial quality control, e.g., PINK1, Parkin, and LRRK2, which were recently identified as regulators of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) linking mitochondrial homeostasis to intracellular calcium handling. In this context, Miro1 is increasingly recognized to play a role in PD pathology. Recently, we identified the first PD patients carrying mutations in RHOT1, the gene coding for Miro1. Here, we describe two novel RHOT1 mutations identified in two PD patients and the characterization of the cellular phenotypes. Methods: Using whole exome sequencing we identified two PD patients carrying heterozygous mutations leading to the amino acid exchanges T351A and T610A in Miro1. We analyzed calcium homeostasis and MERCs in detail by live cell imaging and immunocytochemistry in patient-derived fibroblasts. Results: We show that fibroblasts expressing mutant T351A or T610A Miro1 display impaired calcium homeostasis and a reduced amount of MERCs. All fibroblast lines from patients with pathogenic variants in Miro1, revealed alterations of the structure of MERCs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Miro1 is important for the regulation of the structure and function of MERCs. Moreover, our study supports the role of MERCs in the pathogenesis of PD and further establishes variants in RHOT1 as rare genetic risk factors for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.E.); (R.K.); Tel.: +352-46-66-44-5401 (R.K.)
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Franҫois Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Lena F. Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Sophie Imhoff
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (S.I.); (J.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (D.G.); (F.M.); (P.A.); (E.G.); (A.G.)
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Correspondence: (C.B.E.); (R.K.); Tel.: +352-46-66-44-5401 (R.K.)
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89
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Grossmann D, Berenguer-Escuder C, Bellet ME, Scheibner D, Bohler J, Massart F, Rapaport D, Skupin A, Fouquier d'Hérouël A, Sharma M, Ghelfi J, Raković A, Lichtner P, Antony P, Glaab E, May P, Dimmer KS, Fitzgerald JC, Grünewald A, Krüger R. Mutations in RHOT1 Disrupt Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact Sites Interfering with Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1213-1234. [PMID: 31303019 PMCID: PMC6798875 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The outer mitochondrial membrane protein Miro1 is a crucial player in mitochondrial dynamics and calcium homeostasis. Recent evidence indicated that Miro1 mediates calcium-induced mitochondrial shape transition, which is a prerequisite for the initiation of mitophagy. Moreover, altered Miro1 protein levels have emerged as a shared feature of monogenic and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), but, so far, no disease-associated variants in RHOT1 have been identified. Here, we aim to explore the genetic and functional contribution of RHOT1 mutations to PD in patient-derived cellular models. Results: For the first time, we describe heterozygous RHOT1 mutations in two PD patients (het c.815G>A; het c.1348C>T) and identified mitochondrial phenotypes with reduced mitochondrial mass in patient fibroblasts. Both mutations led to decreased endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites and calcium dyshomeostasis. As a consequence, energy metabolism was impaired, which in turn caused increased mitophagy. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study provides functional evidence that ROTH1 is a genetic risk factor for PD, further implicating Miro1 in calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Estelle Bellet
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Scheibner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jill Bohler
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Francois Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aymeric Fouquier d'Hérouël
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kai Stefan Dimmer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Catherine Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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90
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The Overcrowded Crossroads: Mitochondria, Alpha-Synuclein, and the Endo-Lysosomal System Interaction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215312. [PMID: 31731450 PMCID: PMC6862467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, mainly affecting the elderly. The disease progresses gradually, with core motor presentations and a multitude of non-motor manifestations. There are two neuropathological hallmarks of PD, the dopaminergic neuronal loss and the alpha-synuclein-containing Lewy body inclusions in the substantia nigra. While the exact pathomechanisms of PD remain unclear, genetic investigations have revealed evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial function, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, and the endo-lysosomal system, in disease pathogenesis. Due to the high energy demand of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondria are of special importance acting as the cellular powerhouse. Mitochondrial dynamic fusion and fission, and autophagy quality control keep the mitochondrial network in a healthy state. Should defects of the organelle occur, a variety of reactions would ensue at the cellular level, including disrupted mitochondrial respiratory network and perturbed calcium homeostasis, possibly resulting in cellular death. Meanwhile, α-syn is a presynaptic protein that helps regulate synaptic vesicle transportation and endocytosis. Its misfolding into oligomeric sheets and fibrillation is toxic to the mitochondria and neurons. Increased cellular oxidative stress leads to α-syn accumulation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. The proteasome and endo-lysosomal systems function to regulate damage and unwanted waste management within the cell while facilitating the quality control of mitochondria and α-syn. This review will analyze the biological functions and interactions between mitochondria, α-syn, and the endo-lysosomal system in the pathogenesis of PD.
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91
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Giannopoulos S, Samardzic K, Raymond BBA, Djordjevic SP, Rodgers KJ. L-DOPA causes mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro: A novel mechanism of L-DOPA toxicity uncovered. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 117:105624. [PMID: 31654750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), as in many other neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and proteotoxic stress underly the disease process. For decades, the primary symptomatic treatment for PD has been the dopamine precursor L-DOPA (Levodopa). L-DOPA however can initiate protein misfolding through its ability to mimic the protein amino acid L-tyrosine, resulting in random errors in aminoacylation and L-DOPA becoming mistakenly inserted into the polypeptide chain of proteins in place of L-tyrosine. In the present study we examined the impact that the generation of DOPA-containing proteins had on human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) function in vitro. We showed that even in the presence of antioxidants there was a significant accumulation of cytosolic ubiquitin in DOPA-treated cells, an upregulation in the endosomal-lysosomal degradation system, deleterious changes to mitochondrial morphology and a marked decline in mitochondrial function.The effects of L-DOPA on mitochondrial function were not observed with D-DOPA, the stereoisomer of L-DOPA that cannot be inserted into proteins so did not result from oxidative stress. We could fully protect against these effects by co-treatment with L-tyrosine, supporting the view that misincorporation of L-DOPA into proteins contributed to these cytotoxic effects, leading us to suggest that co-treatment with L-tyrosine could be beneficial therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Giannopoulos
- Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin B A Raymond
- I3 institute, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- I3 institute, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Kenneth J Rodgers
- Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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92
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Kishimoto Y, Johnson J, Fang W, Halpern J, Marosi K, Liu D, Geisler JG, Mattson MP. A mitochondrial uncoupler prodrug protects dopaminergic neurons and improves functional outcome in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 85:123-130. [PMID: 31718928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra is responsible for the motor symptoms that are the clinical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). As of yet there are no treatments that slow or prevent the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD patients. Here we tested the hypothesis that dopaminergic neurons can be protected by treatment with the mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the novel DNP prodrug MP201. We found that mice treated with low doses of DNP and MP201 were protected against motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron loss in the 6-hydroxydopamine PD model, with MP201 being more efficacious than DNP. Amelioration of motor deficits and dopamine neuron loss by MP201 treatment was associated with reductions in microglial and astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation. These preclinical findings suggest the potential application of mitochondrial uncoupling agents such as MP201 as disease-modifying therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Fang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Halpern
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krisztina Marosi
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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93
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Kolber P, Krüger R. Gene-environment interaction and Mendelian randomisation. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:597-603. [PMID: 31543362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors only account for up to a third of the cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the remaining cases are of unknown aetiology. Environmental exposures (such as pesticides or heavy metals) and the interaction with genetic susceptibility factors (summarized in the concept of impaired xenobiotic metabolism) are believed to play a major role in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Beside of the classical association studies (e.g. genome-wide association studies), a novel approach to investigate environmental risk factors are Mendelian randomisation studies. This review explores the gene-environment interaction and the gain of Mendelian randomisation studies in assessing causalities of modifiable risk factors for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kolber
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Belval, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Belval, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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94
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Braak
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kelly Del Tredici-Braak
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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95
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Desai R, Campanella M. Exploring mitochondrial cholesterol signalling for therapeutic intervention in neurological conditions. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4284-4292. [PMID: 31077345 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological targeting of cholesterol levels continues to generate interest due to the undoubted success of therapeutic agents, such as statins, in extending life expectancy by modifying the prognosis of diseases associated with the impairment of lipid metabolism. Advances in our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic age-related diseases of the brain have disclosed an emerging role for mitochondrial cholesterol in their pathophysiology, thus delineating an opportunity to provide mechanistic insights and explore strategies of intervention. This review draws attention to novel signalling mechanisms in conditions linked with impaired metabolism associated with impaired handling of cholesterol and its oxidized forms (oxysterols) by mitochondria. By emphasizing the role of mitochondrial cholesterol in neurological diseases, we here call for novel approaches and new means of assessment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Desai
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, London, UK
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96
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Chen JF, He Q, Dai MH, Kong W. HSP75 inhibits TGF-β1-induced apoptosis by targeting mitochondria in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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97
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Hartman JH, Gonzalez-Hunt C, Hall SM, Ryde IT, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Meyer JN. Genetic Defects in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans Impact Ultraviolet C Radiation- and 6-hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133202. [PMID: 31261893 PMCID: PMC6651461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders involving devastating loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Early steps in PD pathogenesis include mitochondrial dysfunction, and mutations in mitochondrial genes have been linked to familial forms of the disease. However, low penetrance of mutations indicates a likely important role for environmental factors in PD risk through gene by environment interactions. Herein, we study how genetic deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics processes including fission, fusion, and mitophagy interact with environmental exposures to impact neurodegeneration. Methods: We utilized the powerful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to study ultraviolet C radiation (UVC)- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration of fluorescently-tagged dopaminergic neurons in the background of fusion deficiency (MFN1/2 homolog, fzo-1), fission deficiency (DMN1L homolog, drp-1), and mitochondria-specific autophagy (mitophagy) deficiency (PINK1 and PRKN homologs, pink-1 and pdr-1). Results: Overall, we found that deficiency in either mitochondrial fusion or fission sensitizes nematodes to UVC exposure (used to model common environmental pollutants) but protects from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration. By contrast, mitophagy deficiency makes animals more sensitive to these stressors with an interesting exception—pink-1 deficiency conferred remarkable protection from 6-hydroxydopamine. We found that this protection could not be explained by compensatory antioxidant gene expression in pink-1 mutants or by differences in mitochondrial morphology. Conclusions: Together, our results support a strong role for gene by environment interactions in driving dopaminergic neurodegeneration and suggest that genetic deficiency in mitochondrial processes can have complex effects on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Hall
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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98
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Grünewald A, Kumar KR, Sue CM. New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:73-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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99
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Role of Apolipoprotein E, Cathepsin D, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Parkinson’s Disease: A Study from Eastern India. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:287-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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100
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Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles as Candidate Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: Rationale, Design and Methods of the EXosomes in PArkiNson Disease (EXPAND) Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102373. [PMID: 31091653 PMCID: PMC6566801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigro-striatal system is a major trait of Parkinson’s disease (PD), manifesting clinically as motor and non-motor symptoms. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are alleged pathogenic mechanisms underlying aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein that in turn triggers dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Peripheral processes, including inflammation, may precede and contribute to neurodegeneration. Whether mitochondrial dyshomeostasis in the central nervous system and systemic inflammation are linked to one another in PD is presently unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are delivery systems through which cells can communicate or unload noxious materials. EV trafficking also participates in mitochondrial quality control (MQC) by generating mitochondrial-derived vesicles to dispose damaged organelles. Disruption of MQC coupled with abnormal EV secretion may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, due to its bacterial ancestry, circulating mitochondrial DNA can elicit an inflammatory response. Therefore, purification and characterisation of molecules packaged in, and secreted through, small EVs (sEVs)/exosomes in body fluids may provide meaningful insights into the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic inflammation in PD. The EXosomes in PArkiNson Disease (EXPAND) study was designed to characterise the cargo of sEVs/exosomes isolated from the serum of PD patients and to identify candidate biomarkers for PD.
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