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Gupta J, Cardoso LF, Harris CS, Dance AD, Seckin T, Baker N, Ferguson YO. How do adolescent girls and boys perceive symptoms suggestive of endometriosis among their peers? Findings from focus group discussions in New York City. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020657. [PMID: 29866728 PMCID: PMC5988150 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms of endometriosis, including pelvic pain, back and nerve pain, and gastrointestinal pain, often begin in adolescence. Yet, research on the experience of these debilitating symptoms among young people is scarce. Of particular concern is the influence of adolescent girls' social context. This study qualitatively examined how, among adolescents, endometriosis and symptoms suggestive of endometriosis is perceived at the family, peer/school and community/society levels. DESIGN Eight focus groups were conducted; vignettes were used to elicit participants' perceptions of factors that may shape girls' experiences of endometriosis. Data were analysed using constant comparison analysis. PARTICIPANTS An ethnically diverse sample of girls and boys ages 14-18 (n=54) residing in New York City. RESULTS Fifteen themes emerged and were distilled to eight cross-cutting factors that influence perceptions of endometriosis at different levels of the ecological model: distrust of community healthcare providers, societal stigma of menstruation, peer stigma of endometriosis symptoms, distrust of school healthcare providers, lack of endometriosis knowledge among peers and school personnel, inequitable gender norms, invisibility of symptoms and the stigma of teen sex among parents. Further, these factors may compound symptoms' impact on individual girl's social, educational and emotional well-being. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of understanding the social environment of girls experiencing symptoms suggestive of endometriosis and educating and engaging their peers, family and school personnel to create a supportive, informed social climate. Efforts should specifically include stigma reduction campaigns targeted towards female and male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhumka Gupta
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauren F Cardoso
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Courtney S Harris
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Arielle D Dance
- College of Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Saybrook University, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Tamer Seckin
- Endometriosis Foundation of America, New York, USA
| | - Nina Baker
- Endometriosis Foundation of America, New York, USA
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Garthe RC, Gorman-Smith D, Gregory J, E Schoeny M. Neighborhood Concentrated Disadvantage and Dating Violence among Urban Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Neighborhood Social Processes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 61:310-320. [PMID: 29537686 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The link between relationship violence and aspects of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (e.g., percent of unemployed adults, percent of families below poverty level), has been established. However, the literature examining neighborhood social processes, including informal social control and social cohesion, in relation to adolescent dating violence has shown mixed results with a limited theoretical foundation and methodology. Using a social disorganization theoretical framework, this study examined the mediating role of these neighborhood social processes in the relation between concentrated disadvantage and adolescent dating violence within an urban context. Participants included 605 adult residents in 30 census tracts and 203 adolescents from neighborhoods on the West and South sides of Chicago. Neighborhood-level concentrated disadvantage was measured via Census data, adult residents reported on neighborhood social processes, and youth reported on dating violence. Informal social control was negatively associated with dating violence, and social cohesion was positively associated with dating violence. A multilevel mediation model showed that concentrated disadvantage was related to higher levels of dating violence via lower levels of informal social control. These results extend social disorganization theory to dating violence within an urban context, while also highlighting the important role of neighborhood processes on relationship violence. Implications for research and intervention programming are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Garthe
- School of Social Service Administration, Chicago Center for Youth Violence Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Gorman-Smith
- School of Social Service Administration, Chicago Center for Youth Violence Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Gregory
- School of Social Service Administration, Chicago Center for Youth Violence Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Schoeny
- School of Social Service Administration, Chicago Center for Youth Violence Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zuo X, Lou C, Gao E, Lian Q, Shah IH. Gender role attitudes, awareness and experiences of non-consensual sex among university students in Shanghai, China. Reprod Health 2018; 15:49. [PMID: 29544523 PMCID: PMC5856324 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-018-0491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-consensual sex (NCS) among young people, an important subject with public health and human rights implications, was less studied in China. This study is to investigate the NCS awareness and victimization of university students in Shanghai, China and whether they were associated with adolescent gender-role attitudes. METHODS Gender-role attitudes, awareness and victimization of different forms of NCS were examined among 1099 undergraduates (430 males and 669 females) in four universities in Shanghai using computer-assisted self-interview approach. RESULTS University students held relatively egalitarian attitude to gender roles. Gender difference existed that girls desired to be more equal in social status and resource sharing while more endorsed the submissiveness for women in sexual interaction than boys. They held low vigilance on the risk of various forms of NCS, with the mean score on perception of NCS among boys (5.67) lower than that among girls (6.37). Boys who adhered to traditional gender norms were less likely to aware the nature of NCS (β = - 0.6107, p = 0.0389). Compared with boys, higher proportion of girls had been the victims of verbal harassment, unwanted touch, fondling, and penetrative sexual intercourse. Multivariable analysis revealed that girls who held more traditional gender-role attitudes were more vulnerable to physical NCS (OR = 1.41, p = 0.0558). CONCLUSIONS The weakening but still existing traditional gender norms had contributions in explaining the gender difference on the low vigilance of NCS and higher prevalence of victimization among university students in Shanghai, China. Interventions should be taken to challenge the traditional gender norms in individual and structural level, and promote the society to understand the nature of NCS better as well as enhance negotiation skills of adolescents and young people that prevent them from potentially risky situations or relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, 779 Laohumin Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, 779 Laohumin Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ersheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, 779 Laohumin Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, 779 Laohumin Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Iqbal H Shah
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Grest CV, Amaro H, Unger J. Longitudinal Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization in Latino Emerging Adults. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:560-574. [PMID: 28382461 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood, literature focused on this life stage among Latinos remains limited. This longitudinal study examined acculturation; traditional gender role attitudes; use of alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco; and depressive symptoms in 10th grade as predictors of intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization among Latino emerging adults (N = 823; 58% female). Average age of participants was 15.5 years in 10th grade and 22.7 years in emerging adulthood. The results indicate important gender differences in intimate partner violence outcomes for Latino emerging adults. Higher U.S. acculturation predicted physical intimate partner violence perpetration among young men. More traditional gender role attitudes were significantly associated with psychological and physical intimate partner violence perpetration among male Latino emerging adults. Among Latinas, alcohol use in 10th grade predicted psychological perpetration and victimization in emerging adulthood. The findings have implications for developing gender- and ethnic-relevant prevention interventions focused on intimate partner violence among Latino adolescents and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villamil Grest
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Hortensia Amaro
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shorey RC, Wymbs B, Torres L, Cohen JR, Fite PJ, Temple JR. Does change in perceptions of peer teen dating violence predict change in teen dating violence perpetration over time? Aggress Behav 2018; 44:156-164. [PMID: 29178424 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research has previously demonstrated that perceptions of peer's teen dating violence (TDV) is associated with one's own perpetration of TDV, although little research has examined whether this relationship is consistent across developmental time periods (i.e., mid-to-late adolescence). The present study examined whether changes in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted change in one's own perpetration of TDV in a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents from ages 15 to 18 (N = 1,042). Parallel process modeling demonstrated that decreases in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted decreases in TDV perpetration over time, and this relationship was more pronounced for males than females. These findings lend further support to the need for TDV prevention and intervention programs to include peer influence in their programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Wymbs
- Department of Psychology; Ohio University; Athens Ohio
| | - Liz Torres
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; Galveston Texas
| | | | - Paula J. Fite
- University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois
- University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; Galveston Texas
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Hayward RA, Honegger L, Hammock AC. Risk and Protective Factors for Family Violence among Low-Income Fathers: Implications for Violence Prevention and Fatherhood Programs. SOCIAL WORK 2018; 63:57-66. [PMID: 29140526 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade there has been an increased focus on improving father engagement to improve child and family outcomes. Recent research suggests that child and family outcomes improve with increased fatherhood engagement. This exploratory study examined risk and protective factors associated with approval of family violence among a sample of low-income fathers (N = 686) enrolled in a responsible fatherhood program. The program goals include increasing father involvement and economic stability and encouraging healthy relationships-with a focus on preventing intimate partner violence. Toward these aims, this study explored factors associated with fathers' self-reported approval of family violence. Understanding the prevalence of risk and protective factors in this population and factors associated with fathers' potential for family violence is important in developing programs to address responsible fatherhood and healthy relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anna Hayward
- R. Anna Hayward, PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Welfare, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 2 Room 093-E, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail: . Laura Honegger, PhD, is assistant professor, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL. Amy Cristina Hammock, PhD, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, and core faculty member, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Laura Honegger
- R. Anna Hayward, PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Welfare, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 2 Room 093-E, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail: . Laura Honegger, PhD, is assistant professor, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL. Amy Cristina Hammock, PhD, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, and core faculty member, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Amy Cristina Hammock
- R. Anna Hayward, PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Welfare, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 2 Room 093-E, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail: . Laura Honegger, PhD, is assistant professor, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL. Amy Cristina Hammock, PhD, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, and core faculty member, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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Shozaki-Ito H, Shibayama T, Matsuyama Y, Ohnishi M. Experiences of intimate partner violence as perpetrated among Japanese university freshmen. J Rural Med 2018; 13:33-39. [PMID: 29875895 PMCID: PMC5981017 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Shibayama
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Goncy EA, Farrell AD, Sullivan TN. Patterns of Change in Adolescent Dating Victimization and Aggression During Middle School. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:501-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nydegger LA, DiFranceisco W, Quinn K, Dickson-Gomez J. Gender Norms and Age-Disparate Sexual Relationships as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Violence, and Risky Sex among Adolescent Gang Members. J Urban Health 2017; 94:266-275. [PMID: 27538745 PMCID: PMC5391331 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Unequal gender norms and age-disparate sexual relationships can lead to power imbalances and are also associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual coercion and violence, and sexual risk behaviors. The present study examined these variables from both victim and perpetrator perspectives among adolescent gang members. Age-disparate sexual relationships were defined as sex partners 5 or more years older among female participants and 5 or more years younger among male participants. Participants were recruited from a mid-sized Midwestern city and completed a 60-90-min audio computer-assisted self-interview in a community-based setting. Participants in this study included 107 female gang members (68 % African-American, 19 % Latina; mean age, 17.6) and 169 male gang members (62 % African-American, 28 % Latino; mean age, 17.7). As hypothesized, endorsing unequal gender norms toward women was significantly related to IPV victimization among female participants and perpetration among male participants, and engagement in group sex in the past month among both female and male participants (ps < 0.05). Additionally, unequal gender norms were significantly related to male participants' perpetrating rape (p < 0.05). As hypothesized, female gang members who had been in age-disparate sexual relationships were significantly more likely to have experienced more IPV and report being raped and males gang members who had age-disparate sexual relationships were significantly more likely to perpetrate IPV in the past year and perpetrate rape (ps < 0.05). Age-disparate sexual relationships were also significantly related to being gang raped among female gang members and participating in a gang rape among male gang members, and engaging in group sex among both female and male gang members (ps < 0.05). Female participants who had been in age-disparate sexual relationships were more likely to have been pregnant (ps < 0.05). It is essential for researchers and public health practitioners to create programs for female adolescents to reduce or avoid risky situations, such as inability to negotiate condom use with older sex partners. Additionally, programs must be developed for both female and male gang members to help them understand and identify unequal gender norms, and interpersonal and sexual coercion/violence. Early intervention will also be necessary as these adolescent gang members are already engaged in extremely high-risk, coercive, and violent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl A Nydegger
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53203, USA.
| | - Wayne DiFranceisco
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53203, USA
| | - Katherine Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53203, USA
| | - Julia Dickson-Gomez
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53203, USA
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Nekuei N, Zirakidana A, Kazemi A, Beigi NMA, Alijanpoor M. The Relationship Between Parental Abuse with Parental and Marital Roles Attitude in Girls. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2017; 22:164-169. [PMID: 28584556 PMCID: PMC5442999 DOI: 10.4103/1735-9066.205962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender role attitude pertains to individuals' attitude toward proper role activities for men and women. Most of the factors relevant to family and society may affect individuals' attitudes toward their role. Meanwhile, parents' behaviors can act as an important factor in formation of different dimensions of children's personality. Accordingly, the present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between maltreatment and girls' attitudes toward parental and marital roles. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013 with 190 female students as the sample. Participants were selected using the random-proportional sampling method. A demographic questionnaire, researcher-made maltreatment questionnaire, and Homami's gender role attitudes questionnaire were used as the data collection instruments. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Results indicated that the feminine attitude was the dominant attitude in gender roles. Findings also revealed no significant correlation between the type of gender role attitude in parental role and maltreatment. However, the correlation was meaningful in marital role of sexual and fertility affairs (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Results revealed that participants had traditional female attitudes toward their gender roles in two aspects. First, taking the cultural domination on attitudes into account, that type of attitude is appreciated in which the individual feels relaxed and has an acceptable performance in the society. Furthermore, to promote certain types of attitudes, the entire socio-cultural and economic dimensions of the society must be taken into account. Family and social policy makings are regarded as starting points for different attitudes toward maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisehsadat Nekuei
- Department of Midwifery and reproductive health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akram Zirakidana
- Student Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kazemi
- Department of Midwifery and reproductive health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nastaran Mohhamad Ali Beigi
- Department of Midwifery and reproductive health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alijanpoor
- Department of Midwifery and reproductive health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Jaime MCD, Stocking M, Freire K, Perkinson L, Ciaravino S, Miller E. Using a domestic and sexual violence prevention advocate to implement a dating violence prevention program with athletes. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2016; 31:679-696. [PMID: 27923860 PMCID: PMC6487195 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
'Coaching Boys into Men' is an evidence-based dating violence prevention program for coaches to implement with male athletes. A common adaptation of this program is delivery by domestic violence and sexual violence prevention advocates instead of coaches. We explored how this implementer adaptation may influence athlete uptake of program messages and outcomes. Randomly, one school received the program delivered by an advocate while another school received the program delivered by coaches. Athletes completed baseline and follow-up surveys (n = 148), and a subset who received the advocate-led program participated in focus groups (four groups; n = 26). We compared changes in athlete attitudes and behaviors and conducted thematic analyses with qualitative data. We found no significant differences between athletes who received the program from the advocate versus their coaches. Athletes highlighted the advocate's delivery and role as a non-judgmental adult ally as qualities that influenced their uptake of program messages. The acceptability of the advocate-led program may be related to the implementer type along with specific implementer characteristics and delivery methods. Using advocates together with coaches as implementers could increase the reach of this program. Further study of best practices for Coaching Boys into Men adaptation is needed to guide program dissemination and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C D Jaime
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213
| | - M Stocking
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta 30341, USA
| | - K Freire
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta 30341, USA
| | | | - S Ciaravino
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213
| | - E Miller
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213
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Prevalence and Correlates of the Perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse among Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:358-375. [PMID: 27665278 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Much is known about the prevalence and correlates of dating violence, especially the perpetration of physical dating violence, among older adolescents. However, relatively little is known about the prevalence and correlates of the perpetration of cyber dating abuse, particularly among early adolescents. In this study, using a predominantly ethnic-minority sample of sixth graders who reported ever having had a boyfriend/girlfriend (n = 424, 44.2 % female), almost 15 % reported perpetrating cyber dating abuse at least once during their lifetime. Furthermore, using a cross-sectional design, across multiple levels of the socio-ecological model, the individual-level factors of (a) norms for violence for boys against girls, (b) having a current boyfriend/girlfriend, and (c) participation in bullying perpetration were correlates of the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. Collectively, the findings suggest that dating violence interventions targeting these particular correlates in early adolescents are warranted. Future studies are needed to establish causation and to further investigate the relative importance of correlates of the perpetration of cyber dating abuse among early adolescents that have been reported among older adolescents.
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Understanding Factors that Shape Gender Attitudes in Early Adolescence Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157805. [PMID: 27341206 PMCID: PMC4920358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early adolescence (ages 10–14) is a period of increased expectations for boys and girls to adhere to socially constructed and often stereotypical norms that perpetuate gender inequalities. The endorsement of such gender norms is closely linked to poor adolescent sexual and reproductive and other health-related outcomes yet little is known about the factors that influence young adolescents’ personal gender attitudes. Objectives To explore factors that shape gender attitudes in early adolescence across different cultural settings globally. Methods A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted of the peer-reviewed literature in 12 databases from 1984–2014. Four reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of articles and reviewed full text articles in duplicate. Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted using standardized templates by study design. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize quantitative and qualitative data organized by the social-ecological framework (individual, interpersonal and community/societal-level factors influencing gender attitudes). Results Eighty-two studies (46 quantitative, 31 qualitative, 5 mixed-methods) spanning 29 countries were included. Ninety percent of studies were from North America or Western Europe. The review findings indicate that young adolescents, across cultural settings, commonly express stereotypical or inequitable gender attitudes, and such attitudes appear to vary by individual sociodemographic characteristics (sex, race/ethnicity and immigration, social class, and age). Findings highlight that interpersonal influences (family and peers) are central influences on young adolescents’ construction of gender attitudes, and these gender socialization processes differ for boys and girls. The role of community factors (e.g. media) is less clear though there is some evidence that schools may reinforce stereotypical gender attitudes among young adolescents. Conclusions The findings from this review suggest that young adolescents in different cultural settings commonly endorse norms that perpetuate gender inequalities, and that parents and peers are especially central in shaping such attitudes. Programs to promote equitable gender attitudes thus need to move beyond a focus on individuals to target their interpersonal relationships and wider social environments. Such programs need to start early and be tailored to the unique needs of sub-populations of boys and girls. Longitudinal studies, particularly from low-and middle-income countries, are needed to better understand how gender attitudes unfold in adolescence and to identify the key points for intervention.
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Niolon PH, Taylor BG, Latzman NE, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Valle LA, Tharp AT. Lessons Learned in Evaluating a Multisite, Comprehensive Teen Dating Violence Prevention Strategy: Design and Challenges of the Evaluation of Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Teen Relationships. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2016; 6:452-458. [PMID: 29607239 PMCID: PMC5875431 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper describes the multisite, longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design of the evaluation of the Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Relationships initiative, and discusses challenges faced in conducting this evaluation. METHOD Health departments in 4 communities are partnering with middle schools in high-risk, urban communities to implement 2 models of teen dating violence (TDV) prevention over 4 years. Schools were randomized to receive either the Dating Matters comprehensive strategy or the "standard of care" strategy (an existing, evidence-based TDV prevention curriculum). Our design permits comparison of the relative effectiveness of the comprehensive and standard of care strategies. Multiple cohorts of students from 46 middle schools are surveyed in middle school and high school, and parents and educators from participating schools are also surveyed. RESULTS Challenges discussed in conducting a multisite RCT include site variability, separation of implementation and evaluation responsibilities, school retention, parent engagement in research activities, and working within the context of high-risk urban schools and communities. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our approaches to these challenges in the hopes of informing future research. CONCLUSIONS Despite multiple challenges, the design of the Dating Matters evaluation remains strong. We hope this paper provides researchers who are conducting complex evaluations of behavioral interventions with thoughtful discussion of the challenges we have faced and potential solutions to such challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andra T Tharp
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Reyes HLM, Foshee VA, Niolon PH, Reidy DE, Hall JE. Gender Role Attitudes and Male Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration: Normative Beliefs as Moderators. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:350-360. [PMID: 25831994 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0278-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Commonly used dating violence prevention programs assume that promotion of more egalitarian gender role attitudes will prevent dating violence perpetration. Empirical research examining this assumption, however, is limited and inconsistent. The current study examined the longitudinal association between gender role attitudes and physical dating violence perpetration among adolescent boys (n = 577; 14 % Black, 5 % other race/ethnicity) and examined whether injunctive (i.e., acceptance of dating violence) and descriptive (i.e., beliefs about dating violence prevalence) normative beliefs moderated the association. As expected, the findings suggest that traditional gender role attitudes at T1 were associated with increased risk for dating violence perpetration 18 months later (T2) among boys who reported high, but not low, acceptance of dating violence (injunctive normative beliefs) at T1. Descriptive norms did not moderate the effect of gender role attitudes on dating violence perpetration. The results suggest that injunctive norms and gender role attitudes work synergistically to increase risk for dating violence perpetration among boys; as such, simultaneously targeting both of these constructs may be an effective prevention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 319E Rosenau Hall CB# 7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA.
| | - Vangie A Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 319E Rosenau Hall CB# 7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Phyllis Holditch Niolon
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis E Reidy
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Hall
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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66
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Teaching School Psychology Students About Teen Dating Violence: A Snapshot of Training Practices Across the USA. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-015-9156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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67
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Neighborhood Factors and Dating Violence Among Youth: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:458-66. [PMID: 26296444 PMCID: PMC4548272 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The purpose of this review is to summarize the empirical research on neighborhood-level factors and dating violence among adolescents and emerging adults to guide future research and practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In 2015, a total of 20 articles were identified through a search of the literature using PubMed. Eligible articles included those that (1) had been published in a peer-reviewed journal since 2005; (2) reported a measure of association between at least one neighborhood-level factor and dating violence; and (3) had a study population of youth aged <26 years. We abstracted information about the studies, including measurement of dating violence and neighborhood factors, and measures of effect. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Results were summarized into three categories based on the aspect of neighborhood that was the focus of the work: demographic and structural characteristics (n=11); neighborhood disorder (n=12); and social disorganization (n=8). There was some evidence to suggest that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with dating violence, but very little evidence to suggest that residence characteristics (e.g., racial heterogeneity) are associated with dating violence. Results do suggest that perceived neighborhood disorder is associated with physical dating violence perpetration, but do not suggest that it is associated with physical dating violence victimization. Social control and community connectedness are both associated with dating violence, but findings on collective efficacy are mixed. CONCLUSIONS Existing research suggests that neighborhood factors may be associated with dating violence. However, there is a limited body of research on the neighborhood context of dating violence, and more rigorous research is needed.
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The impact of state policy on teen dating violence prevalence. J Adolesc 2015; 44:88-96. [PMID: 26255246 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious public health concern that is associated with many negative effects. Studies on TDV prevention most often focus on the evaluation of prevention programs in school and community settings. Much less is known about the effects of policy on TDV prevalence. This study tests a model to explain whether stronger laws regarding TDV, specifically civil protection orders, have an impact on TDV rates in states. Results show that stronger policy, Democratic party control of the governor's office, and higher state median income are associated with lower rates of TDV. This study provides solid information regarding the role of civil protection orders as a means of TDV prevention and adds to our knowledge of the efficacy of state-level TDV policy. The information can lead to increased vigor on the part of advocates to strive for specific provisions in the law and to work for gubernatorial candidates who will support such laws.
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Giordano PC, Johnson WL, Manning WD, Longmore MA, Minter MD. Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood: Narratives of Persistence and Desistance. CRIMINOLOGY : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2015; 53:330-365. [PMID: 26538680 PMCID: PMC4628912 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Prior research on patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) has documented changes over time, but few studies have focused directly on IPV desistance processes. This analysis identifies unique features of IPV, providing a rationale for the focus on this form of behavior cessation. We develop a life-course perspective on social learning as a conceptual framework and draw on qualitative interviews (n = 89) elicited from a sample of young adults who participated in a larger longitudinal study (Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study). The respondents' backgrounds reflected a range of persistence and desistance from IPV perpetration. Our analyses revealed that relationship-based motivations and changes were central features of the narratives of successful desisters, whether articulated as a stand-alone theme or in tandem with other potential "hooks" for change. The analysis provides a counterpoint to individualistic views of desistance processes, highlighting ways in which social experiences foster attitude shifts and associated behavioral changes that respondents tied to this type of behavior change. The analyses of persisters and those for whom change seemed to be a work in progress provide points of contrast and highlight barriers that limit a respondent's desistance potential. We describe implications for theories of desistance as well as for IPV prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy C. Giordano
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University
| | - Wendi L. Johnson
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, Oakland University
| | - Wendy D. Manning
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University
| | - Monica A. Longmore
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University
| | - Mallory D. Minter
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University
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Black BM, Chido LM, Preble KM, Weisz AN, Yoon JS, Delaney-Black V, Kernsmith P, Lewandowski L. Violence exposure and teen dating violence among African American youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:2174-2195. [PMID: 25287413 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514552271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationships between exposure to violence in the community, school, and family with dating violence attitudes and behaviors among 175 urban African American youth. Age, gender, state support and experiences with neglect, school violence, and community violence were the most significant predictors of acceptance of dating violence. Experiences with community violence and age were important predictors of dating violence perpetration and victimization. Findings highlight the importance of planning prevention programs that address variables affecting attitudes and behaviors of high-risk youth who have already been exposed to multiple types of violence.
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71
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Giordano PC, Kaufman A, Manning WD, Longmore MA. TEEN DATING VIOLENCE: THE INFLUENCE OF FRIENDSHIPS AND SCHOOL CONTEXT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:150-171. [PMID: 26412905 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2015.1007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has examined parental and peer influences on teen dating violence (TDV), but fewer studies have explored the role of broader social contexts. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), the present research examines the effect of variations in school context on teen dating violence perpetration, while taking into account parental, peer, and demographic factors. Drawing on interview data from 955 adolescents across 32 different schools, results indicate that net of parents' and friends' use of violence, the normative climate of schools, specifically school-level teen dating violence, is a significant predictor of respondents' own violence perpetration. School-level dating norms (non-exclusivity in relationships) also contribute indirectly to the odds of experiencing TDV. However, a more general measure of school-level violence toward friends is not strongly related to variations in TDV, suggesting the need to focus on domain-specific influences. Implications for theories emphasizing social learning processes and for TDV prevention efforts are discussed.
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72
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Gender Role Attitudes and Male Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration: Normative Beliefs as Moderators. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 45:350-60. [PMID: 25831994 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Commonly used dating violence prevention programs assume that promotion of more egalitarian gender role attitudes will prevent dating violence perpetration. Empirical research examining this assumption, however, is limited and inconsistent. The current study examined the longitudinal association between gender role attitudes and physical dating violence perpetration among adolescent boys (n = 577; 14 % Black, 5 % other race/ethnicity) and examined whether injunctive (i.e., acceptance of dating violence) and descriptive (i.e., beliefs about dating violence prevalence) normative beliefs moderated the association. As expected, the findings suggest that traditional gender role attitudes at T1 were associated with increased risk for dating violence perpetration 18 months later (T2) among boys who reported high, but not low, acceptance of dating violence (injunctive normative beliefs) at T1. Descriptive norms did not moderate the effect of gender role attitudes on dating violence perpetration. The results suggest that injunctive norms and gender role attitudes work synergistically to increase risk for dating violence perpetration among boys; as such, simultaneously targeting both of these constructs may be an effective prevention approach.
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73
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Bingenheimer JB, Reed E. Risk for coerced sex among female youth in Ghana: roles of family context, school enrollment and relationship experience. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2014; 40:184-95. [PMID: 25565346 PMCID: PMC4493860 DOI: 10.1363/4018414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A better understanding is needed of the variables that may influence the risk of experiencing coerced sex among adolescent females in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Data were collected from 700 female respondents who were interviewed in 2010 and 2012 waves of a longitudinal study of behavioral risk for HIV infection among youth aged 13-14 or 18-19 and living in two towns in southeastern Ghana. A series of logistic regression models examined the influences of household composition and wealth, four family process variables (behavioral control, relationship quality, financial support, conflict), school enrollment and relationship experience on females' risk of experiencing coerced sex. RESULTS Eighteen percent of respondents reported having experienced coerced sex prior to Wave 1, and 13% experienced it between Waves 1 and 2. In both cross-sectional and prospective models, the variable with the strongest association with having experienced coerced sex was having ever had a boyfriend (fully adjusted odds ratios, 4.5 and 2.6, respectively). In cross-sectional analyses, parental behavioral control was negatively associated with risk for coerced sex, while parental conflict was positively associated; these associations were not significant in the prospective analyses. Having a boyfriend appears to be the primary predictor of coerced sex among young females, beyond any influence of family, school or other household variables. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to understand the context of females' relationships with boyfriends in an effort to reduce the risk of sexual coercion and to promote the prevention of sexual violence perpetrated by males within these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Bingenheimer
- Assistant professor, Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute for Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC,
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on the Perpetration of Dating Violence Across Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:727-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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75
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Moreira MCN, Bastos OM, Bastos LC, Soares AHR, Souza WDS, Sanchez RN. Violência contra crianças e adolescentes com deficiência: narrativas com conselheiros tutelares. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 19:3869-78. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014199.12172013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artigo focado na hermenêutica de profundidade de Thompson com recorte nos sentidos produzidos a partir da análise narrativa com 15 conselheiros tutelares visando interpretar os sentidos da função de conselheiro na garantia dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência. Conclui-se que determinados discursos genéricos sobre este tema funcionam como um núcleo duro que reforça a invisibilidade desse público e o torna mais vulnerável. No outro extremo a categoria genérica "especial" fala das dificuldades do conselheiro tutelar em buscar na rede institucional (saúde, lazer, educação) estratégias dessas garantias e das necessidades deste segmento e de suas famílias, ao deixar de diferenciar as diversas categorias de deficiências. Por fim, as aquisições de conhecimento, por alguns conselheiros, relacionadas a essa clientela se dá muito em função da proximidade com instituições de saúde que contribuem na construção de estratégias de garantia de direitos que formam redes. Destacamos as situações de vulnerabilidade a que estão expostos os conselheiros na relação entre o mandato de responder às violações sofridas pelo segmento infanto-juvenil, e a impotência resolutiva.
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76
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DuPont-Reyes MJ, Fry D, Rickert VI, Bell DL, Palmetto N, Davidson LL. Relationship Violence, Fear, and Exposure to Youth Violence Among Adolescents in New York City. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:2325-2350. [PMID: 24457218 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513518433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that there is an overlap between experiences of youth violence and adolescent relationship violence. Yet, little research exists which investigates the sex differences in the associations between specific types of youth violence and relationship violence while controlling for potential confounders. This study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the associations between experiences of youth violence and receiving and delivering relationship violence in an urban adolescent sample. From 2006 to 2007, 1,454 adolescents aged 13 to 21 years in New York City completed an anonymous survey that included the validated Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Inventory that estimates experiences of relationship violence in the previous year as well as the prevalence of various exposures to youth violence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed the overlap between experiencing other types of youth violence and delivering and receiving physical relationship violence and sexual coercion. Compared with youth in nonviolent relationships, we found a significant association between delivering and receiving relationship physical violence and sexual coercion with participating in a fight, missing school due to fear, being threatened/injured with a weapon, gang membership, and carrying a weapon among both males and females. We also identified the sex differences between these specific associations of youth and relationship violence. Service providers working with adolescents experiencing relationship violence should be aware that they face a higher concurrent risk of experiencing or participating in other forms of youth violence. Likewise, providers working in the area of youth violence intervention and prevention should consider the possibility of concurrent relationship violence. Based on these findings, further research should explore whether interventions targeting relationship violence can also impact participation in youth violence and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Fry
- University of Edinburgh/NSPCC Child Protection Research Centre, Scotland
| | | | - David L Bell
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA New York-Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
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Abstract
A significant proportion of reports of domestic violence against women involve multiple perpetrators. Although the number of perpetrators has been consistently identified as a measure of abuse severity, only a minority of studies of domestic violence examine the role of multiple offenders. Data on multi-perpetrator domestic violence (MDV) is frequently removed from analysis in domestic violence studies, or multi-perpetrator incidents are treated as single-perpetrator incidents. However, the available research links MDV to negative mental and physical health outcomes, intimate partner homicide, homelessness among women, and severe mental illness and suicidality. This article reviews the available prevalence data on MDV and draws together research on the contexts in which MDV takes place. It highlights two groups that are particularly vulnerable to MDV: (1) girls and women partnered to members of gangs and organized crime groups and (2) girls and women in some ethnic minority communities. While discussions of honor in relation to domestic violence are often racialized in Western media, this article highlights the cross-cultural role of masculine honor in collective violence against women in the working class and impoverished communities of majority cultures as well as in migrant and ethnic minority communities. It is clear that such complex forms of violence present a range of challenges for intervention and treatment and the article emphasizes the need for specialized and coordinated modes of investigation, support, and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salter
- School of Social Science and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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78
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Miller E, Das M, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Virata MCD, Nettiksimmons J, O'Connor B, Ghosh S, Verma R. Evaluation of a gender-based violence prevention program for student athletes in Mumbai, India. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:758-778. [PMID: 24142444 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513505205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence, which includes sexual and intimate partner violence against women, is prevalent worldwide, prompting calls for primary prevention programs which engage men and boys in changing social norms that condone violence against women. Bystander intervention efforts which encourage males to say something to stop peers from enacting disrespectful and abusive behaviors toward females are a promising strategy for promoting non-violent, gender-equitable attitudes and behaviors. An evaluation of "Parivartan"--a U.S. program called "Coaching Boys Into Men" adapted for urban India cricket teams--was conducted in Mumbai, India. Baseline and 12 month follow-up surveys were administered to 309 male cricket athletes aged 10 to 16 years in 46 urban middle schools in Mumbai, India (27 intervention, 19 control). Athletes whose coaches were trained in the program demonstrated greater improvements in gender-equitable attitudes compared to athletes whose coaches provided standard coaching only. Marginally significant improvements were seen in reduction of negative bystander behavior. Violence prevention programs which utilize coaches as positive messengers for respect and non-violence may be a useful addition to global prevention efforts to reduce violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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79
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. McCauley
- The authors are with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and the Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- The authors are with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and the Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
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80
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Reed E, Miller E, Raj A, Decker MR, Silverman JG. Teen dating violence perpetration and relation to STI and sexual risk behaviours among adolescent males. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90:322-4. [PMID: 24578579 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration (physical, sexual or psychological violence) and association with STI and related sexual risk behaviours among urban male adolescents. METHODS Adolescent male survey participants (N=134) were aged 14-20 years, recruited from urban health centres. Using crude and adjusted logistic regression, TDV perpetration was examined in relation to self-reported: STI, having sex with another person when they were only supposed to have sex with their main partner, and consistent condom use. RESULTS Over one-third of males (45%) reported any TDV; 42% reported sexual violence perpetration, 13% reported perpetrating physical violence against a dating/sexual partner and 11% reported psychological violence, including threats of physical or sexual violence. Approximately 15% of males reported having ever had an STI, one quarter reported having sex with another person when they were only supposed to have sex with their main partner and 36% reported consistent condom use (past 3 months). In adjusted logistic regression models, TDV perpetration was significantly associated with self-reports of an STI (OR=3.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 9.2) and having sex with another person when they were supposed to be only having sex with their main partner (OR=4.8; 95% CI 2.0 to 11.4). There was no significant association between TDV perpetration and consistent condom use. CONCLUSIONS Current study findings are the first within the literature on adolescents to suggest that greater STI and sexual risk behaviours among male adolescents perpetrating TDV may be one mechanism explaining increased STI among female adolescents reporting TDV victimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reed
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anita Raj
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michele R Decker
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay G Silverman
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Hatcher AM, Colvin CJ, Ndlovu N, Dworkin SL. Intimate partner violence among rural South African men: alcohol use, sexual decision-making, and partner communication. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2014; 16:1023-39. [PMID: 24939358 PMCID: PMC4490163 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2014.924558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one-third of South African men report enacting intimate partner violence. Beyond the direct health consequences for women, intimate partner violence is also linked to varied risk behaviours among men who enact it, including alcohol abuse, risky sex, and poor healthcare uptake. Little is known about how to reduce violence perpetration among men. We conducted retrospective, in-depth interviews with men (n = 53) who participated in a rural South African programme that targeted masculinities, HIV risk, and intimate partner violence. We conducted computer-assisted thematic qualitative coding alongside a simple rubric to understand how the programme may lead to changes in men's use of intimate partner violence. Many men described new patterns of reduced alcohol intake and improved partner communication, allowing them to respond in ways that did not lead to the escalation of violence. Sexual decision-making changed via reduced sexual entitlement and increased mutuality about whether to have sex. Men articulated the intertwined nature of each of these topics, suggesting that a syndemic lens may be useful for understanding intimate partner violence. These data suggest that alcohol and sexual relationship skills may be useful levers for future violence prevention efforts, and that intimate partner violence may be a tractable issue as men learn new skills for enacting masculinities in their household and in intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Hatcher
- a Bixby Centre for Global Reproductive Health, University of California , San Francisco , USA
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82
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Hertzog JL, Rowley RL. My beliefs of my peers' beliefs: exploring the gendered nature of social norms in adolescent romantic relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:348-68. [PMID: 24144721 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513505145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence in adolescent relationships is a growing social problem in the United States. A majority of adolescents have dated by the time they finish high school and these experiences have an impact on their relationship trajectories as adults. Although more and more prevention efforts are aimed at reducing teen dating violence and/or teaching adolescents about healthy relationships, very few of these efforts investigate discrepancies in descriptive and injunctive norms associated with adolescent dating. This pilot study adds to the existing literature by investigating the dating norms of early and mid-adolescents to aid in tailoring prevention efforts among this population. One hundred eighty-seven middle and high school student leaders from public schools in the Midwest completed an annual relationship survey. Findings suggest that participants did not support unhealthy relationship norms overall. However, two patterns of discrepancies emerged: one between participant attitudes (descriptive norms) and their perceptions of peer attitudes (injunctive norms), and another between perceptions participants hold about their male versus female peers' beliefs. Results imply the development of pluralistic ignorance occurs during adolescence and that perceptions of peer norms are in line with the principles of hegemonic masculinity. Implications for possible prevention initiatives and future research directions are noted.
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83
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McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ, Silverman JG, Decker MR, Austin SB, McCormick MC, Virata MC, Miller E. Gender-equitable attitudes, bystander behavior, and recent abuse perpetration against heterosexual dating partners of male high school athletes. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:1882-7. [PMID: 23947324 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the relationship between gender attitudes, identified as a critical component of violence prevention, and abuse toward dating partners among adolescent male athletes. METHODS Our sample comprised 1699 athletes from 16 high schools in northern California who were surveyed between December 2009 and October 2010 in the larger Coaching Boys Into Men trial. We used logistic regression to assess the association between gender-equitable attitudes, bystander behavior, and recent abuse incidents. RESULTS Athletes with more gender-equitable attitudes and greater intention to intervene were less likely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28, 0.46; and AOR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.75, respectively) and athletes who engaged in negative bystander behavior were more likely (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.35) to perpetrate abuse against their female dating partners. CONCLUSIONS Despite the shift among bystander intervention programs toward gender neutrality, our findings suggest a strong association between gender attitudes and dating violence. Programs designed for adolescents should include discussion of gender attitudes and target bystander behavior, because these components may operate on related but distinct pathways to reduce abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L McCauley
- Heather L. McCauley, Maria Catrina Virata, and Elizabeth Miller are with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. Daniel J. Tancredi is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine. Jay G. Silverman is with the Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine. Michele R. Decker is with the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. S. Bryn Austin and Marie C. McCormick are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Trajectories of physical dating violence from middle to high school: association with relationship quality and acceptability of aggression. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:551-65. [PMID: 23233161 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although research on dating violence is growing, little is known about the distinct developmental trajectories of dating violence during adolescence. The current study identifies trajectories of physical dating violence victimization and perpetration that boys and girls follow from sixth to twelfth grade, examines the overlap of these trajectories, and characterizes them by perceptions of a caring dating relationship and acceptability of dating aggression. The sample consisted of randomly selected sixth graders from nine schools in Northeast Georgia (n = 588; 52 % boys; 49 % White, 36 % African American, 12 % Latino) who completed yearly surveys from Grades 6-12. We used latent class mixture modeling to identify the trajectories and generalized estimating equations models to examine the acceptability of dating aggression by dating violence trajectories. Participants followed two trajectories of dating violence victimization (boys: low and high; girls: low and increasing) and two of perpetration (boys and girls: low and increasing). When examining the joint trajectories of victimization and perpetration, a similar proportion of boys (62 %) and girls (65 %) were in the low victimization and low perpetration group and reported the lowest acceptance of dating aggression. The same proportion of boys and girls (27 %) were in the high/increasing victimization and perpetration group, and reported the highest acceptance of dating aggression. However, acceptance of dating aggression decreased from Grade 6-12 for all groups, even for those whose trajectory of dating violence increased. Victimization and perpetration were associated with reporting a less caring dating relationship. Results highlight the importance of focusing prevention efforts early for adolescents who follow this increasing probability of physical dating violence.
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Ramirez M, Paik A, Sanchagrin K, Heimer K. Violent peers, network centrality, and intimate partner violence perpetration by young men. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:503-9. [PMID: 23084173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the association between affiliation with violent peers in adolescence and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration by men in early adulthood, and how peer network structure influences the strength of this association. METHODS Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we analyzed a cohort of male subjects, originally in grades 7-12, reporting on sexual relationships 7 years later. At baseline, peer network violence was estimated as the average of network members' reports of their frequency of fighting during the past year, and centrality (number of friendships) was measured. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between peer network violence, network centrality, and perpetration of IPV in recent intimate relationships. RESULTS The probability of IPV perpetration was 37% for young men with a large number of friends (>13) engaging in an average of six to seven fights in the past year. However, young men in small- (<6 friends) or medium-sized peer networks (6-13 friends) with these same levels of violence had probabilities of IPV perpetration between 5% and 7%. CONCLUSIONS School-based interventions that target fighting by male subjects can reduce risk of IPV perpetration later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizen Ramirez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Das M, Ghosh S, Verma R, O'Connor B, Fewer S, Virata MC, Miller E. Gender attitudes and violence among urban adolescent boys in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2012.716762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Amaro H, Raj A, Reed E, Ulibarri M. Getting Personal: Progress and Pitfalls in HIV Prevention Among Latinas. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2011; 35:655-670. [PMID: 22539868 PMCID: PMC3334297 DOI: 10.1177/0361684311426692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Amaro
- Institute on Urban Health Research, Bouve' College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Frye
- Laboratory of Social and Behavioral Sciences of the Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.
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