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Jara-Servin A, Silva A, Barajas H, Cruz-Ortega R, Tinoco-Ojanguren C, Alcaraz LD. Root microbiome diversity and structure of the Sonoran desert buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285978. [PMID: 37205698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) is an invasive plant introduced into Mexico's Sonoran desert for cattle grazing and has converted large areas of native thorn scrub. One of the invasion mechanisms buffelgrass uses to invade is allelopathy, which consists of the production and secretion of allelochemicals that exert adverse effects on other plants' growth. The plant microbiome also plays a vital role in establishing invasive plants and host growth and development. However, little is known about the buffelgrass root-associated bacteria and the effects of allelochemicals on the microbiome. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to obtain the microbiome of buffelgrass and compare it between samples treated with root exacknudates and aqueous leachates as allelochemical exposure and samples without allelopathic exposure in two different periods. The Shannon diversity values were between H' = 5.1811-5.5709, with 2,164 reported bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). A total of 24 phyla were found in the buffelgrass microbiome, predominantly Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, 30 different genera comprised the buffelgrass core microbiome. Our results show that buffelgrass recruits microorganisms capable of thriving under allelochemical conditions and may be able to metabolize them (e.g., Planctomicrobium, Aurantimonas, and Tellurimicrobium). We also found that the community composition of the microbiome changes depending on the developmental state of buffelgrass (p = 0.0366; ANOSIM). These findings provide new insights into the role of the microbiome in the establishment of invasive plant species and offer potential targets for developing strategies to control buffelgrass invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Jara-Servin
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adán Silva
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Hugo Barajas
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Cruz-Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis D Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shaffique S, Imran M, Kang SM, Khan MA, Asaf S, Kim WC, Lee IJ. Seed Bio-priming of wheat with a novel bacterial strain to modulate drought stress in Daegu, South Korea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118941. [PMID: 37180396 PMCID: PMC10173886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the major cereal crop grown food worldwide and, therefore, plays has a key role in alleviating the global hunger crisis. The effects of drought stress can reduces crop yields by up to 50% globally. The use of drought-tolerant bacteria for biopriming can improve crop yields by countering the negative effects of drought stress on crop plants. Seed biopriming can reinforce the cellular defense responses to stresses via the stress memory mechanism, that its activates the antioxidant system and induces phytohormone production. In the present study, bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil taken from around the Artemisia plant at Pohang Beach, located near Daegu, in the South Korea Republic of Korea. Seventy-three isolates were screened for their growth-promoting attributes and biochemical characteristics. Among them, the bacterial strain SH-8 was selected preferred based on its plant growth-promoting bacterial traits, which are as follows: abscisic acid (ABA) concentration = 1.08 ± 0.05 ng/mL, phosphate-solubilizing index = 4.14 ± 0.30, and sucrose production = 0.61 ± 0.13 mg/mL. The novel strain SH-8 demonstrated high tolerance oxidative stress. The antioxidant analysis also showed that SH-8 contained significantly higher levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX). The present study also quantified and determined the effects of biopriming wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds with the novel strain SH-8. SH-8 was highly effective in enhancing the drought tolerance of bioprimed seeds; their drought tolerance and germination potential (GP) were increased by up to 20% and 60%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. The lowest level of impact caused by drought stress and the highest germination potential, seed vigor index (SVI), and germination energy (GE) (90%, 2160, and 80%, respectively), were recorded for seeds bioprimed with with SH-8. These results show that SH-8 enhances drought stress tolerance by up to 20%. Our study suggests that the novel rhizospheric bacterium SH-8 (gene accession number OM535901) is a valuable biostimulant that improves drought stress tolerance in wheat plants and has the potential to be used as a biofertilizer under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Shaffique
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Chan Kim, ; In-Jung Lee,
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Chan Kim, ; In-Jung Lee,
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Kim I, Chhetri G, So Y, Jung Y, Park S, Seo T. Sphingomonas liriopis sp. nov., Sphingomonas donggukensis sp. nov., and Sphingomonas tagetis sp. nov., isolated from Liriope platyphylla fruit, soil, and Tagetes patula roots. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:16. [PMID: 36477930 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three bacterial strains, designated RP10T, RMG20T, and MG17T, were isolated from Liriope platyphylla fruit (strain RP10T), soil (RMG20T), and Tagetes patula roots (MG17T) collected in Goyang, Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains RP10T, RMG20T, and MG17T were closely related to Sphingomonas melonis DSM 14444 T (highest similarity of the strain RP10T), Sphingomonas asaccharolytica DSM 10564 T (strain RMG20T), and Sphingomonas suaedae JCM 33850 T (strain MG17T) with 98.0-99.0% highest sequence similarity. The 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strains RP10T, RMG20T, and MG17T was 96.6-97.4%. Strains RP10T, RMG20T, MG17T, and the closely related type strains have digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of 19.4-65.3% and 74.0-95.7%, respectively. Based on phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data, strains RP10T, RMG20T, and MG17T are considered to represent novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas liriopis sp. nov. (type strain RP10T = KACC 22357 T = TBRC 15161 T), Sphingomonas donggukensis sp. nov. (type strain RMG20T = KACC 22358 T = TBRC 15162 T), and Sphingomonas tagetis sp. nov. (type strain MG17T = KACC 22355 T = TBRC 15160 T), are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhyup Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Geeta Chhetri
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseop So
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Jung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao D, Jiao J, Du B, Liu K, Wang C, Ding Y. Volatile organic compounds from Lysinibacillus macroides regulating the seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1997-2009. [PMID: 36573143 PMCID: PMC9789275 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have the characteristics of long distance propagation, low concentration, perception, and indirect contact between organisms. In this experiment, Lysinibacillus macroides Xi9 was isolated from cassava residue, and the VOCs produced by this strain were analyzed by the SPME-GC-MS method, mainly including alcohols, esters, and alkanes. By inoculation of L. macroides Xi9, VOCs can promote the growth and change the root-system architecture of Arabidopsis seedlings. The results showed that the number of lateral roots, root density, and fresh weight of Arabidopsis seedlings were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01), and the number of roots hair was also increased after exposure to strain Xi9. Compared with the control group, the transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis seedlings treated with strain Xi9 for 5 days revealed a total of 508 genes differentially expressed (p < 0.05). After Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, it was found that genes encoding nitrate transport and assimilation, and the lateral root-related gene ANR1 were up-regulated. The content of NO3 - and amino acid in Arabidopsis seedlings were significantly higher from control group (p ≤ 0.01). Plant cell wall-related EXPA family genes and pectin lyase gene were up-regulated, resulting cell elongation of leaf. SAUR41 and up-regulation of its subfamily members, as well as the down-regulation of auxin efflux carrier protein PILS5 and auxin response factor 20 (ARF20) led to the accumulation of auxin. These results indicated that VOCs of strain Xi9 promote Arabidopsis seedlings growth and development by promoting nitrogen uptake, regulating auxin synthesis, and improving cell wall modification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01268-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Junhui Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yanqin Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Tai’an, 271018 China
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Sandilya SP, Jeevan B, Subrahmanyam G, Dutta K, Vijay N, Bhattacharyya N, Chutia M. Co-inoculation of native multi-trait plant growth promoting rhizobacteria promotes plant growth and suppresses Alternaria blight disease in Castor (Ricinus communis L.). Heliyon 2022; 8:e11886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Bunyoo C, Roongsattham P, Khumwan S, Phonmakham J, Wonnapinij P, Thamchaipenet A. Dynamic Alteration of Microbial Communities of Duckweeds from Nature to Nutrient-Deficient Condition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212915. [PMID: 36365369 PMCID: PMC9658847 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds live with complex assemblages of microbes as holobionts that play an important role in duckweed growth and phytoremediation ability. In this study, the structure and diversity of duckweed-associated bacteria (DAB) among four duckweed subtypes under natural and nutrient-deficient conditions were investigated using V3-V4 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. High throughput sequencing analysis indicated that phylum Proteobacteria was predominant in across duckweed samples. A total of 24 microbial genera were identified as a core microbiome that presented in high abundance with consistent proportions across all duckweed subtypes. The most abundant microbes belonged to the genus Rhodobacter, followed by other common DAB, including Acinetobacter, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, and Pseudomonas. After nutrient-deficient stress, diversity of microbial communities was significantly deceased. However, the relative abundance of Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Pelomonas, Roseateles and Novosphingobium were significantly enhanced in stressed duckweeds. Functional prediction of the metagenome data displayed the relative abundance of essential pathways involved in DAB colonization, such as bacterial motility and biofilm formation, as well as biodegradable ability, such as benzoate degradation and nitrogen metabolism, were significantly enriched under stress condition. The findings improve the understanding of the complexity of duckweed microbiomes and facilitate the establishment of a stable microbiome used for co-cultivation with duckweeds for enhancement of biomass and phytoremediation under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakrit Bunyoo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource & Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Roongsattham
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource & Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sirikorn Khumwan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource & Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Juthaporn Phonmakham
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource & Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource & Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresource, Food and Health Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Arinthip Thamchaipenet
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource & Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresource, Food and Health Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Chaudhary P, Agri U, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Kumar G. Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933017. [PMID: 36325026 PMCID: PMC9618965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Upasana Agri
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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Elsayed A, Abdelsattar AM, Heikal YM, El-Esawi MA. Synergistic effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus cereus on plant growth, biochemical attributes and molecular genetic regulation of steviol glycosides biosynthetic genes in Stevia rebaudiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:24-34. [PMID: 36041365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to scale up the favorable bio-stimulants for enhancing the growth and breeding strategies of Stevia rebaudiana to increase sugar productivity. Inoculation of 45-day-old S. rebaudiana plantlets with Bacillus cereus and Azospirillum brasilense alone or in combination for 30 days allowed comparisons among their effects on enhancement and improvement of plant growth, production of bioactive compounds and expression of steviol glycoside genes. B. cereus SrAM1 isolated from surface-sterilized Stevia rebaudiana leaves was molecularly identified using 16s rRNA and tested for its ability to promote plant growth. Beneficial endophytic B. cereus SrAM1 induced all plant growth-promoting traits, except solubilization of phosphate, therefore it showed high effectiveness in the promotion of growth and production of bioactive compounds. Treatment of plants with B. cereus SrAM1 alone revealed carbohydrates content of 278.99 mg/g, total soluble sugar of 114.17 mg/g, total phenolics content of 34.05 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight) and total antioxidants activity of 32.33 mg (A.A)/g dry weight). Thus, plantlets inoculated with B. cereus SrAM1 alone exhibited the greatest responses in physiological and morphological parameters, but plantlets inoculated with B. cereus SrAM1 + A. brasilense showed a maximal upregulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of steviol glycosides (Kaurene oxidase, ent-KO; UDP-dependent glycosyl transferases of UGT85C2, UGT74G1, UGT76G1). Taken together, the used bacterial strains, particularly B. cereus SrAM1 could significantly improve the growth of S. rebaudiana via dynamic interactions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Elsayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M Abdelsattar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Heikal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Lastochkina O, Aliniaeifard S, SeifiKalhor M, Bosacchi M, Maslennikova D, Lubyanova A. Novel Approaches for Sustainable Horticultural Crop Production: Advances and Prospects. HORTICULTURAE 2022; 8:910. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of plant growth, yield and quality due to diverse environmental constrains along with climate change significantly limit the sustainable production of horticultural crops. In this review, we highlight the prospective impacts that are positive challenges for the application of beneficial microbial endophytes, nanomaterials (NMs), exogenous phytohormones strigolactones (SLs) and new breeding techniques (CRISPR), as well as controlled environment horticulture (CEH) using artificial light in sustainable production of horticultural crops. The benefits of such applications are often evaluated by measuring their impact on the metabolic, morphological and biochemical parameters of a variety of cultures, which typically results in higher yields with efficient use of resources when applied in greenhouse or field conditions. Endophytic microbes that promote plant growth play a key role in the adapting of plants to habitat, thereby improving their yield and prolonging their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. Focusing on quality control, we considered the effects of the applications of microbial endophytes, a novel class of phytohormones SLs, as well as NMs and CEH using artificial light on horticultural commodities. In addition, the genomic editing of plants using CRISPR, including its role in modulating gene expression/transcription factors in improving crop production and tolerance, was also reviewed.
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Misci C, Taskin E, Vaccari F, Dall'Asta M, Imathiu S, Sandro Cocconcelli P, Puglisi E. Valorization of African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables: the Role of Phyllosphere Microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Renaudin M, Laforest-Lapointe I, Bellenger JP. Unraveling global and diazotrophic bacteriomes of boreal forest floor feather mosses and their environmental drivers at the ecosystem and at the plant scale in North America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155761. [PMID: 35533858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Feather mosses are abundant cryptogams of the boreal forest floor and shelter a broad diversity of bacteria who have important ecological functions (e.g., decomposition, nutrient cycling). In particular, nitrogen (N2-) fixation performed by feather moss-associated diazotrophs constitutes an important entry of nitrogen in the boreal forest ecosystem. However, the composition of the feather moss bacteriome and its environmental drivers are still unclear. Using cDNA amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes and cyanobacterial biomass quantification, we explored the active global and diazotrophic bacterial communities of two dominant feather moss species (i) at the ecosystem scale, along a 500-km climatic and nutrient deposition gradient in the North American boreal forest, and (ii) at the plant scale, along the moss shoot senescence gradient. We found that cyanobacteria were major actors of the feather moss bacteriome, accounting for 33% of global bacterial communities and 65% of diazotrophic communities, and that several cyanobacterial and methanotrophic genera were contributing to N2-fixation. Moreover, we showed that bacteria were occupying ecological niches along the moss shoot, with phototrophs being dominant in the apical part and methanotrophs being dominant in the basal part. Finally, climate (temperature, precipitation), environmental variables (moss species, month, tree density) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, iron) strongly shaped global and diazotrophic bacteriomes. In summary, this work presents evidence that the feather moss bacteriome plays crucial roles in supporting moss growth, health, and decomposition, as well as in the boreal forest carbon and nitrogen cycles. This study also highlights the substantial effects of climate and nutrients on the feather moss bacteriome, suggesting the importance of understanding the impacts of global change on moss-associated bacterial growth and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Renaudin
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Characterization of the Cultivable Endophytic Bacterial Community of Seeds and Sprouts of Cannabis sativa L. and Perspectives for the Application as Biostimulants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091742. [PMID: 36144344 PMCID: PMC9506497 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are beneficial microorganisms exerting growth-promoting activities in plants; they are most often located within the plant intercellular spaces and can be found in all plant tissues, including roots, leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds. In this work, we investigated the cultivable bacterial community of the seeds and the two-week sprouts of the Cannabis sativa L. cultivar “Futura 75”. Endophytes were genotypically and phenotypically characterized and were exposed to different concentrations of seed extracts to verify their susceptibility. A bacterial strain among all the isolates was selected for germination tests of C. sativa in different experimental conditions. The results revealed the dominance of Firmicutes (Staphylococcus sp.) among the isolated strains. Two strains were different from the others for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and for their resistance patterns towards abiotic and biotic stresses. The Sphingomonas sp. strain Can_S11 (Alphaproteobacteria) showed a potential ability to increase the nutraceutical features of its sprouts, particularly an increase in the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. None of the isolated strains were susceptible to the seed extracts, which were previously tested as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against human pathogenic bacteria. The results open new perspectives for the study of the endophytes of C. sativa as possible biostimulants.
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Sphingomonas folii sp. nov., Sphingomonas citri sp. nov. and Sphingomonas citricola sp. nov., isolated from citrus phyllosphere. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated RHCKR7T, RRHST34T and RHCKR47T, were isolated from phyllosphere of healthy citrus collected in Renhua County, Guangdong Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analyses showed that they belonged to the genus
Sphingomonas
, among which both strains RHCKR7T and RRHST34T showed a close relationship with
Sphingomonas yunnanensis
YIM 003T with 16S rRNA gene similarity of 99.0 and 99.1%, respectively, and the similarity between the two novel strains was 99.2%, meanwhile strain RHCKR47T was most closely related to
Sphingomonas palmae
KACC 17591T (99.5%). Genome-derived average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between closely related novel strains RHCKR7T and RRHST34T were 90.43 and 40.80 %, respectively, and their most closely related type strain,
S. yunnanensis
YIM 003T, showed 90.43 % ANI and 40.7 % dDDH with RHCKR7T and 90.21 % and 42.9 % with RRHST34T, respectively, and the corresponding values between strain RHCKR47T and
S. palmae
KACC 17591T were 85.53 % and 29.30%, respectively. They all took C14 : 0 2-OH and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c) as the major fatty acids, and ubiquinone 10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids contained sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and unidentified phospholipids. sym-Homospermidine was the major polyamine. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, the new isolates should be considered as representing three novel species of the genus
Sphingomonas
, for which the names Sphingomonas folli sp. nov., Sphingomonas citri sp. nov. and Sphingomonas citricola sp. nov. are proposed with RHCKR7T (=GDMCC 1.2663T=JCM 34794T), RRHST34T (=GDMCC 1.2665T=JCM 34796T) and RHCKR47T (=GDMCC 1.2664T=JCM 34795T) as the type strains, respectively.
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64
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Byregowda R, Prasad SR, Oelmüller R, Nataraja KN, Prasanna Kumar MK. Is Endophytic Colonization of Host Plants a Method of Alleviating Drought Stress? Conceptualizing the Hidden World of Endophytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169194. [PMID: 36012460 PMCID: PMC9408852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of changing climatic conditions, plants are frequently exposed to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses at various stages of their development, all of which negatively affect their growth, development, and productivity. Drought is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses for most cultivated crops, particularly in arid and semiarid environments. Conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches are used to generate drought-tolerant crop plants. However, these techniques are costly and time-consuming. Plant-colonizing microbes, notably, endophytic fungi, have received increasing attention in recent years since they can boost plant growth and yield and can strengthen plant responses to abiotic stress. In this review, we describe these microorganisms and their relationship with host plants, summarize the current knowledge on how they “reprogram” the plants to promote their growth, productivity, and drought tolerance, and explain why they are promising agents in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopashree Byregowda
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Karaba N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - M. K. Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
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Cheng JE, Su P, Zhang ZH, Zheng LM, Wang ZY, Hamid MR, Dai JP, Du XH, Chen LJ, Zhai ZY, Kong XT, Liu Y, Zhang DY. Metagenomic analysis of the dynamical conversion of photosynthetic bacterial communities in different crop fields over different growth periods. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262517. [PMID: 35834536 PMCID: PMC9282544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic bacteria are beneficial to plants, but knowledge of photosynthetic bacterial community dynamics in field crops during different growth stages is scarce. The factors controlling the changes in the photosynthetic bacterial community during plant growth require further investigation. In this study, 35 microbial community samples were collected from the seedling, flowering, and mature stages of tomato, cucumber, and soybean plants. 35 microbial community samples were assessed using Illumina sequencing of the photosynthetic reaction center subunit M (pufM) gene. The results revealed significant alpha diversity and community structure differences among the three crops at the different growth stages. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum, and Methylobacterium, Roseateles, and Thiorhodococcus were the dominant genera at all growth stages. PCoA revealed clear differences in the structure of the microbial populations isolated from leaf samples collected from different crops at different growth stages. In addition, a dissimilarity test revealed significant differences in the photosynthetic bacterial community among crops and growth stages (P<0.05). The photosynthetic bacterial communities changed during crop growth. OTUs assigned to Methylobacterium were present in varying abundances among different sample types, which we speculated was related to the function of different Methylobacterium species in promoting plant growth development and enhancing plant photosynthetic efficiency. In conclusion, the dynamics observed in this study provide new research ideas for the detailed assessments of the relationship between photosynthetic bacteria and different growth stages of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-E Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Pin Su
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Zhang
- Hunan Vegetable Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Yong Wang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Hamid
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Ping Dai
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Du
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Zhai
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Kong
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
- Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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66
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Xu X, Luo Q, Wei Q, Jiang S, Dong C, Faruque MO, Huang Z, Xu Z, Yin C, Zhu Z, Hu X. The Deterioration of Agronomical Traits of the Continuous Cropping of Stevia Is Associated With the Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Community. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917000. [PMID: 35847059 PMCID: PMC9277660 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is grown worldwide as an important, natural sweetener resource plant. The yield of steviol glycosides (SVglys) is greatly influenced by continuous cropping. In this study, we collected the roots, rhizosphere soils, and bulk soils from 2 years of continuous cropping (Y2) and 8 years of continuous cropping (Y8). A high-throughput sequencing technology based on Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform was used to study the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in the roots and soils of stevia with different years of continuous cropping. The results demonstrated that although the content of a group of SVglys was significantly increased in stevia of long-term continuous cropping, it inhibited the growth of plants and lowered the leaf dry weight; as a result, the total amount of SVglys was significantly decreased. Meanwhile, continuous cropping changed the physicochemical properties and the bacterial composition communities of soil. The different sampling sources of the root, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil had no impact on the richness of bacterial communities, while it exhibited obvious effects on the diversity of bacterial communities. Continuous cropping had a stronger effect on the bacterial community composition in rhizosphere soil than in root and bulk soil. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), in the rhizosphere soil of Y8, the relative abundance of some beneficial bacterial genera of Sphingomonas, Devosia, Streptomyces, and Flavobacterium decreased significantly, while the relative abundance of Polycyclovorans, Haliangium, and Nitrospira greatly increased. Moreover, the soil pH and nutrient content, especially the soil organic matter, were correlated with the relative abundance of predominant bacteria at the genus level. This study provides a theoretical basis for uncovering the mechanism of obstacles in continuous stevia cropping and provides guidance for the sustainable development of stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Xu
- Institute for Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Academy of International Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyun Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Qingyun Luo
| | - Qichao Wei
- Innovation Academy of International Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangtao Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Waste, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Waste, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruque
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Zhongwen Huang
- Innovation Academy of International Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghua Xu
- Institute for Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaibiao Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Institute for Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuebo Hu
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67
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Luo Y, Zhou M, Wang F, Sheng H. Sphingomonas psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from root surface of Leontopodium leontopodioides in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterial strain, designated Cra20T, was isolated from the root surface of Leontopodium leontopodioides collected in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain Cra20T was affiliated with the genus
Sphingomonas
, and was most closely related to
Sphingomonas gei
ZFGT-11T (99.0 %),
Sphingomonas naasensis
KIS18-15T (97.8%) and
Sphingomonas kyeonggiensis
THG-DT81T (97.2 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strain Cra20T,
S. gei
ZFGT-11T,
S. naasensis
KIS18-15T and
S. kyeonggiensis
THG-DT81T were 86.2, 84.2 and 78.2 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Cra20T was 65.6 mol% (whole genome sequence), and Q-10 was the predominant ubiquinone. The major cellular fatty acids of strain Cra20T were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c, 67.3 %) and C14 : 0 2-OH (6.4 %). On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and biochemical data, strain Cra20T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus
Sphingomonas
, for which the name Sphingomonas psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Cra20T (=CGMCC 1.15510T=NBRC 112697T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao Agricultural Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shangrao 334000, PR China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao Agricultural Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shangrao 334000, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hongmei Sheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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68
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He Y, Guo W, Peng J, Guo J, Ma J, Wang X, Zhang C, Jia N, Wang E, Hu D, Wang Z. Volatile Organic Compounds of Streptomyces sp. TOR3209 Stimulated Tobacco Growth by Up-Regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Plant Growth and Development. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891245. [PMID: 35668752 PMCID: PMC9164152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism underlying the plant growth-promoting (PGP) effects of strain Streptomyces sp. TOR3209, PGP traits responsible for indoleacetic acid production, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization were tested by culturing the strain TOR3209 in the corresponding media. The effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the strain TOR3209 on plant growth were observed by co-culturing this strain with tobacco seedlings in I-plates. Meanwhile, the effects of VOCs on tobacco gene expression were estimated by performing a transcriptome analysis, and VOCs were identified by the solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) method. The results showed positive reactions for the three tested PGP traits in the culture of strain TOR3209, while the tobacco seedlings co-cultured with strain TOR3209 revealed an increase in the fresh weight by up to 100% when compared to that of the control plants, demonstrating that the production VOCs was also a PGP trait. In transcriptome analysis, plants co-cultured with strain TOR3209 presented the highest up-regulated expression of the genes involved in plant growth and development processes, implying that the bacterial VOCs played a role as a regulator of plant gene expression. Among the VOCs produced by the strain TOR3209, two antifungal molecules, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol and hexanedioic acid dibutyl ester, were found as the main compounds. Conclusively, up-regulation in the expression of growth- and development-related genes via VOCs production is an important PGP mechanism in strain TOR3209. Further efforts to explore the effective VOCs and investigate the effects of the two main VOCs in the future are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi He
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Jieli Peng
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinying Guo
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuimian Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Entao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dong Hu
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Hu
| | - Zhanwu Wang
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Zhanwu Wang
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69
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Sharma M, Mallubhotla S. Diversity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Endophytic Bacteria Sourced From Cordia dichotoma L. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879386. [PMID: 35633730 PMCID: PMC9136406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal plants are crucial for the production of antimicrobial agents since they are capable of possessing bioactive compounds with diverse structures and activities. Cordia dichotoma, a plant of medicinal importance native to the Jammu region of India, was selected for the isolation and characterization of culturable endophytic bacteria and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. Standardized surface sterilization methods were employed to isolate thirty-three phenotypically distinguishable endophytic bacteria from the root, stem, and leaf parts of the plant. Shannon Wiener diversity index clearly divulged diverse endophytes in roots (0.85), stem (0.61), and leaf (0.54) tissues. Physio-biochemical features of the isolates differentiated the distinct variations in their carbohydrate utilization profile and NaCl tolerance. The endophytes produced an array of enzymes, namely, catalase, oxidase, amylase, cellulase, nitrate reductase, and lipase. The bacterial isolates belong to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Acidomonas, Streptococcus, Ralstonia, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Alcalignes predominantly. However, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern indicated that the isolates were mostly sensitive to erythromycin and streptomycin, while they were resistant to rifampicin, amoxicillin, and bacitracin. Interestingly, majority of the bacterial endophytes of C. dichotoma showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The 16S rRNA sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis has been deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession number OM320575. The major compounds of the crude extract derived from endophytic B. thuringiensis OM320575, according to the metabolic profile examination by GC-MS, are dibutyl phthalate, eicosane, tetrapentacontane, heneicosane, and hexadecane, which possessed antibacterial activities. In conclusion, results indicated the potential of C. dichotoma to host a plethora of bacterial endophytes that produce therapeutic bioactive metabolites.
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70
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Danish M, Shahid M, Zeyad MT, Bukhari NA, Al-Khattaf FS, Hatamleh AA, Ali S. Bacillus mojavensis, a Metal-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium, Improves Growth, Photosynthetic Attributes, Gas Exchange Parameters, and Alkalo-Polyphenol Contents in Silver Nanoparticle (Ag-NP)-Treated Withania somnifera L. (Ashwagandha). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13878-13893. [PMID: 35559145 PMCID: PMC9088912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of nanoparticles (NPs) into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems during manufacturing processes and from various commercial goods has become a significant ecotoxicological concern. After reaching soil systems, NPs cause deleterious effects on soil fertility, microbial activity, and crop productivity. Taking into consideration the medicinal importance of Withania somnifera (L.) (ashwagandha), the present study assessed the potential hazards of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and the toxicity amelioration by a metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR). Bacillus mojavensis BZ-13 (NCBI accession number MZ950923) recovered from metal-polluted rhizosphere soil, tolerated an exceptionally high level of Ag-NPs. The growth-regulating substances synthesized by B. mojavensis were increased with increasing concentrations (0-1000 μg mL-1) of Ag-NPs. Also, strain BZ-13 had the ability to form biofilm, produce alginate and exopolysaccharides (EPSs), as well maintain swimming and swarming motilities in the presence of Ag-NPs. Soil application of varying concentrations of Ag-NPs resulted in a dose-related reduction in growth and biochemical features of ashwagandha. In contrast, following soil inoculation, B. mojavensis relieved the Ag-NPs-induced phytotoxicity and improved plant productivity. Root, shoot length, dry biomass, and leaf area increased by 13, 17, 37, 25%, respectively, when B. mojavensis was applied with 25 mg/kg Ag-NPs when compared to noninoculated controls. Furthermore, the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, photosystem efficiency (Fv/Fm), PS II quantum yield (FPS II), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NpQ), and total chlorophyll and carotenoid content of BZ-13-inoculated plants in the presence of 25 mg Ag-NPs/kg increased by 33, 29, 41, 47, 35, 26, and 25%, respectively, when compared to noninoculated controls that were exposed to the same amounts of NPs. In addition, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in 48, 18, 21, and 19% in withaferin-A (alkaloids), flavonoids, phenols, and tannin content, respectively, was recorded when plants were detached from bacterized and Ag-NP-treated plants. Leaf gas exchange parameters were also modulated in the case of inoculated plants. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation significantly decreased proline, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and Ag-NP's absorption and build-up in phyto-organs. In conclusion, soil inoculation with B. mojavensis may possibly be used as an alternative to protect W. somnifera plants in soil contaminated with nanoparticles. Therefore, phytohormone and other biomolecule-synthesizing and NP-tolerant PGPR strains like B. mojavensis might serve as an agronomically significant and cost-effective remediation agent for augmenting the yield and productivity of medicinally important plants like ashwagandha raised in soil contaminated with nanoparticles in general and Ag-NPs in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Danish
- Section
of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department
of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Tarique Zeyad
- ICAR-National
Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, 275101, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Al-Khattaf
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department
of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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71
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Xiao J, Chen SY, Sun Y, Yang SD, He Y. Differences of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria are recruited by different watermelon phenotypes relating to rind colors formation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6360. [PMID: 35428856 PMCID: PMC9012882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the biological mechanism of yellow rind formation on watermelon, the characteristics of soil bacterial community structure in rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria in stem of yellow rind watermelon were analyzed. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, plant stem and rhizosphere soil samples, which collected from yellow and green rind watermelons were used in this paper, respectively. The structural characteristics of the endophytic bacteria in stems and soil bacterial communities in rhizospheres of yellow and green rind watermelons were comparative studied. Firstly, significant different proportions of some dominant bacteria and abundances could be detected between yellow and rind watermelons. Meanwhile, although different abundances of endophytic bacteria could be found, but no significant differences were observed between yellow and green rind watermelons. Moreover, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, WPS-2, norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae and Bradyrhizobium were the soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizosphere of green rind watermelon. All above results suggest that differences of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria are exactly recruited as "workers" by different watermelon phenotypes relating to rind color formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi He
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Yang F, Liu JL, Wu HT, Yang H, Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang YF, Luo YR, Chen KM. Heavy metal transporters: Functional mechanisms, regulation, and application in phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151099. [PMID: 34688763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global problem with serious impacts on human health and ecological security. Phytoextraction in phytoremediation, in which plants uptake and transport heavy metals (HMs) to the tissues of aerial parts, is the most environmentally friendly method to reduce the total amount of HMs in soil and has wide application prospects. However, the molecular mechanism of phytoextraction is still under investigation. The uptake, translocation, and retention of HMs in plants are mainly mediated by a variety of transporter proteins. A better understanding of the accumulation strategy of HMs via transporters in plants is a prerequisite for the improvement of phytoextraction. In this review, the biochemical structure and functions of HM transporter families in plants are systematically summarized, with emphasis on their roles in phytoremediation. The accumulation mechanism and regulatory pathways related to hormones, regulators, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HMs concerning these transporters are described in detail. Scientific efforts and practices for phytoremediation carried out in recent years suggest that creation of hyperaccumulators by transgenic or gene editing techniques targeted to these transporters and their regulators is the ultimate powerful path for the phytoremediation of HM contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Rong Luo
- Guangdong Kaiyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Lombardino J, Bijlani S, Singh NK, Wood JM, Barker R, Gilroy S, Wang CCC, Venkateswaran K. Genomic Characterization of Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Features of Sphingomonas Strains Isolated from the International Space Station. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0199421. [PMID: 35019675 PMCID: PMC8754149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01994-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing microbial tracking investigation of the International Space Station (ISS), several Sphingomonas strains were isolated. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis identified the ISS strains as Sphingomonas sanguinis (n = 2) and one strain isolated from the Kennedy Space Center cleanroom (used to assemble various Mars mission spacecraft components) as Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Metagenomic sequence analyses of different ISS locations identified 23 Sphingomonas species. An abundance of shotgun metagenomic reads were detected for S. sanguinis in the location from where the ISS strains were isolated. A complete metagenome-assembled genome was generated from the shotgun reads metagenome, and its comparison with the whole-genome sequences (WGS) of the ISS S. sanguinis isolates revealed that they were highly similar. In addition to the phylogeny, the WGS of these Sphingomonas strains were compared with the WGS of the type strains to elucidate genes that can potentially aid in plant growth promotion. Furthermore, the WGS comparison of these strains with the well-characterized Sphingomonas sp. LK11, an arid desert strain, identified several genes responsible for the production of phytohormones and for stress tolerance. Production of one of the phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid, was further confirmed in the ISS strains using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pathways associated with phosphate uptake, metabolism, and solubilization in soil were conserved across all the S. sanguinis and S. paucimobilis strains tested. Furthermore, genes thought to promote plant resistance to abiotic stress, including heat/cold shock response, heavy metal resistance, and oxidative and osmotic stress resistance, appear to be present in these space-related S. sanguinis and S. paucimobilis strains. Characterizing these biotechnologically important microorganisms found on the ISS and harnessing their key features will aid in the development of self-sustainable long-term space missions in the future. IMPORTANCESphingomonas is ubiquitous in nature, including the anthropogenically contaminated extreme environments. Members of the Sphingomonas genus have been identified as potential candidates for space biomining beyond earth. This study describes the isolation and identification of Sphingomonas members from the ISS, which are capable of producing the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. Microbial production of phytohormones will help future in situ studies, grow plants beyond low earth orbit, and establish self-sustainable life support systems. Beyond phytohormone production, stable genomic elements of abiotic stress resistance, heavy metal resistance, and oxidative and osmotic stress resistance were identified, rendering the ISS Sphingomonas isolate a strong candidate for biotechnology-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Bijlani
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nitin K. Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Jason M. Wood
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Richard Barker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Clay C. C. Wang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Khan AL, Numan M, Bilal S, Asaf S, Crafword K, Imran M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Sabahi JN, Rehman NU, A-Rawahi A, Lee IJ. Mangrove's rhizospheric engineering with bacterial inoculation improve degradation of diesel contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127046. [PMID: 34481398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves (Avicennia marina) growing in intertidal areas are often exposed to diesel spills, adversely damaging the ecosystem. Herein, we showed for the first time that mangrove seedlings' associations with bacteria could reprogram host-growth, physiology, and ability to degrade diesel. We found four bacterial strains [Sphingomonas sp.-LK11, Rhodococcus corynebacterioides-NZ1, Bacillus subtilis-EP1 Bacillus safensis-SH10] exhibiting significant growth during diesel degradation (2% and 5%, v/v) and higher expression of alkane monooxygenase compared to control. This is in synergy with reduced long-chain n-alkanes (C24-C30) during microbe-diesel interactions in the bioreactor. Among individual strains, SH10 exhibited significantly higher potential to improve mangrove seedling's morphology, anatomy and growth during diesel treatment in rhizosphere compared to control. This was also evidenced by reduced activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalases, peroxidases, ascorbic peroxidases, superoxide dismutases and polyphenol peroxidases) and lipid peroxidation during microbe-diesel interactions. Interestingly, we noticed significantly higher soil-enzyme activities (phosphatases and glucosidases) and essential metabolites in seedling's rhizosphere after bacteria and diesel treatments. Degradation of longer n-alkane chains in the rhizosphere also revealed a potential pathway that benefits mangroves by bacterial strains during diesel contaminations. Current results support microbes' application to rhizoengineer plant growth, responses, and phytoextraction abilities in environments contaminated with diesel spills. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: The datasets generated during the current study are available in the NCBI GenBank ((https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Oman; Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, 77479 TX, USA.
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, 77479 TX, USA
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, 77479 TX, USA
| | - Kerri Crafword
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu Korea, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, 77479 TX, USA.
| | - Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, 77479 TX, USA
| | - Ahmed A-Rawahi
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, 77479 TX, USA
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu Korea, South Korea.
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Lu Y, Liao S, Ding Y, He Y, Gao Z, Song D, Tian W, Zhang X. Effect of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni residue on the arsenic phytoextraction efficiency of Pteris vittata L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126678. [PMID: 34333410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by arsenic (As) presents a high risk to public health, necessitating urgent remediation. This study sought to develop an efficient strategy for the phytoremediation of As-contaminated soil. The effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni residue (SR) on the available As (A-As) concentration of soil and As extraction from the soil by Pteris vittata L. were studied by soil simulation, pot, and field experiments. The A-As concentration in the soil simulation experiment increased significantly by 84.20% after 20 days. The biomass, As concentration, and total extracted As of SR-treated P. vittata L. in the pot experiment increased significantly by 50.66%, 120.2%, and 171.2%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. The SR-treated rhizosphere soil in the pot experiment displayed a significant 21.72% decrease in total As concentration. In the one-year field experiment, treatment with SR resulted in a significant 191.1% increase in As extraction by P. vittata L. and a significant 10.26% reduction in rhizosphere soil As concentration compared to the control. This study proposes a potential mechanism for SR-mediated enhancement of P. vittata L. As extraction ability and provides a new, economic, and environmentally friendly method for As-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuijiao Liao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yiran Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Danna Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Tian
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Zhejiang shengshi biotechnology Co. LTD, Huzou, Zhejiang 313300, China
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76
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Wang F, Wei Y, Yan T, Wang C, Chao Y, Jia M, An L, Sheng H. Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 alters physiological metabolism and recruits beneficial rhizosphere bacteria to improve plant growth and drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002772. [PMID: 36388485 PMCID: PMC9650444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought poses a serious threat to plant growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have great potential to improve plant nutrition, yield, and drought tolerance. Sphingomonas is an important microbiota genus that is extensively distributed in the plant or rhizosphere. However, the knowledge of its plant growth-promoting function in dry regions is extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress. We found that Hbc-6 increased the biomass of maize under normal conditions and drought stress. For instance, the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions. Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants. Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.). Moreover, Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress; Hbc-6 could also recruit more potentially rhizosphere beneficial bacteria which might promote plant growth together with Hbc-6 both under normal and drought stress. In short, Hbc-6 increased maize biomass and drought tolerance through the above ways. Our findings lay a foundation for exploring the complex mechanisms of interactions between Sphingomonas and plants, and it is important that Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 can be used as a potential biofertilizer in agricultural production, which will assist finding new solutions for improving the growth and yield of crops in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Wei
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Taozhe Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Chao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhe An, ; Hongmei Sheng,
| | - Hongmei Sheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhe An, ; Hongmei Sheng,
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77
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Yan S, Ren T, Wan Mahari WA, Feng H, Xu C, Yun F, Waiho K, Wei Y, Lam SS, Liu G. Soil carbon supplementation: Improvement of root-surrounding soil bacterial communities, sugar and starch content in tobacco (N. tabacum). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149835. [PMID: 34461468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon supplementation is known to stimulate plant growth by improving soil fertility and plant nutrient uptake. However, the underlying process and chemical mechanism that could explain the interrelationship between soil carbon supplementation, soil micro-ecology, and the growth and quality of plant remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence and mechanism of soil carbon supplementation on the bacterial community, chemical cycling, mineral nutrition absorption, growth and properties of tobacco leaves. The soil carbon supplementation increased amino acid, carbohydrates, chemical energy metabolism, and bacterial richness in the soil. This led to increased content of sugar (23.75%), starch (13.25%), and chlorophyll (10.56%) in tobacco leaves. Linear discriminant analysis revealed 49 key phylotypes and significant increment of some of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) genera (Bacillus, Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas) in the rhizosphere, which can influence the tobacco growth. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) showed that soil carbon supplementation positively affected the sugar and starch contents in tobacco leaves by possibly altering the photosynthesis pathway towards increasing the aroma of the leaves, thus contributing to enhanced tobacco flavor. These findings are useful for understanding the influence of soil carbon supplementation on bacterial community for improving the yields and quality of tobacco in industrial plantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yan
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, 450002, China; Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, 450002, China; Staff Development Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Tianbao Ren
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, 450002, China; Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, 450002, China.
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Huilin Feng
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chensheng Xu
- Nanping Branch, Fujian Tobacco Sciences Research Institute, Nanping 353000, China
| | - Fei Yun
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, 450002, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11900 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yaowei Wei
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, 450002, China; Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guoshun Liu
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, 450002, China; Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, 450002, China.
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78
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Almuhayawi MS, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Al Jaouni SK, Almuhayawi SM, Alruhaili MH, Selim S, AbdElgawad H. Bacterial Endophytes as a Promising Approach to Enhance the Growth and Accumulation of Bioactive Metabolites of Three Species of Chenopodium Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122745. [PMID: 34961218 PMCID: PMC8704246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are regarded as an untapped source of bioactive components that display various biological properties. Endophytic bacterium inoculation can enhance plant chemical composition and improve its nutritional quality. Herein, six endophytes (Endo 1 to Endo 6) were isolated from Chenopodium plants and morphologically and biochemically identified. Then, the most active isolate Endo 2 (strain JSA11) was employed to enhance the growth and nutritive value of the sprouts of three Chenopodium species, i.e., C. ambrosoides, C. ficifolium, and C. botrys. Endo 2 (strain JSA11) induced photosynthesis and the mineral uptake, which can explain the high biomass accumulation. Endo 2 (strain JSA11) improved the nutritive values of the treated sprouts through bioactive metabolite (antioxidants, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acid, and essential amino acids) accumulation. These increases were correlated with increased amino acid levels and phenolic metabolism. Consequently, the antioxidant activity of the Endo 2 (strain JSA11)-treated Chenopodium sprouts was enhanced. Moreover, Endo 2 (strain JSA11) increased the antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria and the anti-inflammatory activities as evidenced by the reduced activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Overall, the Endo 2 (strain JSA11) treatment is a successful technique to enhance the bioactive contents and biological properties of Chenopodium sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Centre, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad M. Almuhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Alruhaili
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
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79
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Roca-Couso R, Flores-Félix JD, Rivas R. Mechanisms of Action of Microbial Biocontrol Agents against Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1045. [PMID: 34947027 PMCID: PMC8707566 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for economic losses from USD 10 to 100 billion worldwide. It affects more than 1400 plant species, thus becoming one of the main threats to the agriculture systems. The application of fungicides has for years been an efficient way to control this disease. However, fungicides have negative environmental consequences that have changed popular opinion and clarified the need for more sustainable solutions. Biopesticides are products formulated based on microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) with antifungal activity through various mechanisms. This review gathers the most important mechanisms of antifungal activities and the microorganisms that possess them. Among the different modes of action, there are included the production of diffusible molecules, both antimicrobial molecules and siderophores; production of volatile organic compounds; production of hydrolytic enzymes; and other mechanisms, such as the competition and induction of systemic resistance, triggering an interaction at different levels and inhibition based on complex systems for the production of molecules and regulation of crop biology. Such a variety of mechanisms results in a powerful weapon against B. cinerea; some of them have been tested and are already used in the agricultural production with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Roca-Couso
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental de Biología, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental de Biología, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Associated Unit, University of Salamanca-CSIC (IRNASA), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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80
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Kang Y, Talukder S, An Z, Torres‐Jerez I, Krom N, Huhman D, Udvardi M, Saha MC. Dissection of physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic traits in two tall fescue genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:277-289. [PMID: 37284176 PMCID: PMC10168078 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is an important cool-season perennial forage grass that forms mutualistic symbioses with fungal endophytes. Physiological, biochemical and transcriptional comparisons were made between two tall fescue genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance (tolerant, T400, and sensitive, S279), either with or without endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala). Drought stress was applied by withholding watering until plants reached mild, moderate and severe stresses. Physiological characterization showed that T400 had narrower, thicker leaves, and lower leaf conductance under well-watered conditions, compared to S279. After severe drought and recovery, endophytic T400 had greater shoot and root biomass than other plant types. Under drought, leaf osmotic pressure increased much more in T400 than S279, consistent with accumulation of metabolites/osmolytes, especially proline. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that T400 had more active organic acid metabolism than S279 under drought, and implicated the role of endophyte in stimulating protein metabolism in both genotypes. Overall T400 and S279 responded to endophyte differently in aspects of physiology, gene transcription and metabolites, indicating plant genotype-specific reactions to endophyte infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Noble Research Institute, LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Institue for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Zewei An
- State Center for Rubber Breeding and Rubber Research InstituteDanzhouHainanChina
| | - Ivone Torres‐Jerez
- Noble Research Institute, LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Institue for Agricultural BiosciencesOklahoma State UniversityArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | - Nick Krom
- Noble Research Institute, LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | - David Huhman
- Noble Research Institute, LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Noble Research Institute, LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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81
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Heminger AR, Belden LK, Barney JN, Badgley BD, Haak DC. Horsenettle ( Solanum carolinense) fruit bacterial communities are not variable across fine spatial scales. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12359. [PMID: 34820171 PMCID: PMC8582302 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit house microbial communities that are unique from the rest of the plant. While symbiotic microbial communities complete important functions for their hosts, the fruit microbiome is often understudied compared to other plant organs. Fruits are reproductive tissues that house, protect, and facilitate the dispersal of seeds, and thus they are directly tied to plant fitness. Fruit microbial communities may, therefore, also impact plant fitness. In this study, we assessed how bacterial communities associated with fruit of Solanum carolinense, a native herbaceous perennial weed, vary at fine spatial scales (<0.5 km). A majority of the studies conducted on plant microbial communities have been done at large spatial scales and have observed microbial community variation across these large spatial scales. However, both the environment and pollinators play a role in shaping plant microbial communities and likely have impacts on the plant microbiome at fine scales. We collected fruit samples from eight sampling locations, ranging from 2 to 450 m apart, and assessed the fruit bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Overall, we found no differences in observed richness or microbial community composition among sampling locations. Bacterial community structure of fruits collected near one another were not more different than those that were farther apart at the scales we examined. These fine spatial scales are important to obligate out-crossing plant species such as S. carolinense because they are ecologically relevant to pollinators. Thus, our results could imply that pollinators serve to homogenize fruit bacterial communities across these smaller scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Heminger
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Lisa K Belden
- Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Brian D Badgley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - David C Haak
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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82
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Merges D, Dal Grande F, Greve C, Otte J, Schmitt I. Virus diversity in metagenomes of a lichen symbiosis (Umbilicaria phaea): complete viral genomes, putative hosts and elevational distributions. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6637-6650. [PMID: 34697892 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viruses can play critical roles in symbioses by initiating horizontal gene transfer, affecting host phenotypes, or expanding their host's ecological niche. However, knowledge of viral diversity and distribution in symbiotic organisms remains elusive. Here we use deep-sequenced metagenomic DNA (PacBio Sequel II; two individuals), paired with a population genomics approach (Pool-seq; 11 populations, 550 individuals) to understand viral distributions in the lichen Umbilicaria phaea. We assess (i) viral diversity in lichen thalli, (ii) putative viral hosts (fungi, algae, bacteria) and (iii) viral distributions along two replicated elevation gradients. We identified five novel viruses, showing 28%-40% amino acid identity to known viruses. They tentatively belong to the families Caulimoviridae, Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae. Our analysis suggests that the Caulimovirus is associated with green algal photobionts (Trebouxia) of the lichen, and the remaining viruses with bacterial hosts. We did not detect viral sequences in the mycobiont. Caulimovirus abundance decreased with increasing elevation, a pattern reflected by a specific algal lineage hosting this virus. Bacteriophages showed population-specific patterns. Our work provides the first comprehensive insights into viruses associated with a lichen holobiont and suggests an interplay of viral hosts and environment in structuring viral distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Merges
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Dal Grande
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carola Greve
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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83
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Hazarika SN, Saikia K, Borah A, Thakur D. Prospecting Endophytic Bacteria Endowed With Plant Growth Promoting Potential Isolated From Camellia sinensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738058. [PMID: 34659169 PMCID: PMC8515050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are well-acknowledged inoculants to promote plant growth, and extensive research has been done in different plants. However, there is a lacuna about the endophytes associated with tea clones and their benefit to promote plant growth. The present study focuses on isolating and characterizing the beneficial endophytic bacteria (EnB) prevalent in commercially important tea clones cultivated in North Eastern India as plant growth promoters. Diversity of culturable EnB microbiome, in vitro traits for plant growth promotion (PGP), and applicability of potent isolates as bioinoculant for in vivo PGP abilities have been assessed in the present study. A total of 106 EnB identified as members of phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were related to 22 different genera and six major clusters. Regarding PGP traits, the percentage of isolates positive for the production of indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation siderophore, ammonia, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase production were 86.8, 28.3, 78.3, 30.2, 95.3, and 87.7, respectively. In total, 34.0, 52.8, and 17.0% of EnB showed notable production of hydrolytic enzymes like cellulase, protease, and amylase, respectively. Additionally, based on the bonitur score, the top two isolates K96 identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. and M45 identified as Pseudomonas sp. were evaluated for biofilm formation, motility, and in vivo plant growth promoting activity. Results suggested strong biofilm formation and motility in K96 and M45 which may attribute to the colonization of the strains in the plants. Further in vivo plant growth promotion experiment suggested sturdy efficacy of the K96 and M45 as plant growth promoters in nursery condition in commercial tea clones Tocklai vegetative (TV) TV22 and TV26. Thus, this study emphasizes the opportunity of commercialization of the selected isolates for sustainable development of tea and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabiha Nudrat Hazarika
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Atlanta Borah
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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84
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Nakayasu M, Yamazaki S, Aoki Y, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Triterpenoid and Steroidal Saponins Differentially Influence Soil Bacterial Genera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2189. [PMID: 34685998 PMCID: PMC8538258 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) are secreted into the rhizosphere, i.e., the soil zone surrounding the roots of plants. They are often involved in root-associated microbiome assembly, but the association between PSMs and microbiota is not well characterized. Saponins are a group of PSMs widely distributed in angiosperms. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities in field soils treated with the pure compounds of four different saponins. All saponin treatments decreased bacterial α-diversity and caused significant differences in β-diversity when compared with the control. The bacterial taxa depleted by saponin treatments were higher than the ones enriched; two families, Burkholderiaceae and Methylophilaceae, were enriched, while eighteen families were depleted with all saponin treatments. Sphingomonadaceae, which is abundant in the rhizosphere of saponin-producing plants (tomato and soybean), was enriched in soil treated with α-solanine, dioscin, and soyasaponins. α-Solanine and dioscin had a steroid-type aglycone that was found to specifically enrich Geobacteraceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Moraxellaceae, while soyasaponins and glycyrrhizin with an oleanane-type aglycone did not specifically enrich any of the bacterial families. At the bacterial genus level, the steroidal-type and oleanane-type saponins differentially influenced the soil bacterial taxa. Together, these results indicate that there is a relationship between the identities of saponins and their effects on soil bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan; (M.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shinichi Yamazaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (S.Y.); (Y.A.)
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan; (M.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan; (M.N.); (K.Y.)
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85
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Patel JK, Gohel K, Patel H, Solanki T. Wheat Growth Dependent Succession of Culturable Endophytic Bacteria and Their Plant Growth Promoting Traits. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:4103-4114. [PMID: 34622308 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria present ubiquitously in all plant parts. Their community structure may vary depending on plant tissue and growth condition. This work mainly focused on exploring the diversity of culturable nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria in above-ground plant parts of wheat by harvesting it during various growth points (Seed stage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month old plants, respectively). Distinct endophytic bacterial colonies were selected on Jensen's agar plate. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, 43 putative nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria were identified. Most of the isolates were found unique to the plant growth phase except for Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp., Microbacterium sp., Exiguobacterium sp. Further, endophytic bacteria were scrutinized for their plant growth promoting traits. They were found positive for IAA production (100%), P-solubilization (21%), Zn-solubilization (63%), ammonia production (93%), and nifH gene (33%). Extracellular enzyme production was found positive for cellulase (98%), pectinase (98%), and protease (100%). Their endophytic colonization ability was assessed using reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction assay, upon their entry inside the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki K Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India.
| | - Krupa Gohel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Hiral Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Tanvi Solanki
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
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86
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Bamisile BS, Siddiqui JA, Akutse KS, Ramos Aguila LC, Xu Y. General Limitations to Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi Use as Plant Growth Promoters, Pests and Pathogens Biocontrol Agents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102119. [PMID: 34685928 PMCID: PMC8540635 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The multiple roles of fungal entomopathogens in host plants' growth promotion, pest and pathogen management have drawn huge attention for investigation. Endophytic species are known to influence various activities of their associated host plants, and the endophyte-colonized plants have been demonstrated to gain huge benefits from these symbiotic associations. The potential application of fungal endophytes as alternative to inorganic fertilizers for crop improvement has often been proposed. Similarly, various strains of insect pathogenic fungi have been formulated for use as mycopesticides and have been suggested as long-term replacement for the synthetic pesticides that are commonly in use. The numerous concerns about the negative effects of synthetic chemical pesticides have also driven attention towards developing eco-friendly pest management techniques. However, several factors have been underlined to be militating the successful adoption of entomopathogenic fungi and fungal endophytes as plant promoting, pests and diseases control bio-agents. The difficulties in isolation and characterization of novel strains, negative effects of geographical location, vegetation type and human disturbance on fungal entomopathogens, are among the numerous setbacks that have been documented. Although, the latest advances in biotechnology and microbial studies have provided means of overcoming many of these problems. For instance, studies have suggested measures for mitigating the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on entomopathogenic fungi in inundative application on the field, or when applied in the form of fungal endophytes. In spite of these efforts, more studies are needed to be done to achieve the goal of improving the overall effectiveness and increase in the level of acceptance of entomopathogenic fungi and their products as an integral part of the integrated pest management programs, as well as potential adoption as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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87
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Yassue RM, Carvalho HF, Gevartosky R, Sabadin F, Souza PH, Bonatelli ML, Azevedo JL, Quecine MC, Fritsche-Neto R. On the genetic architecture in a public tropical maize panel of the symbiosis between corn and plant growth-promoting bacteria aiming to improve plant resilience. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:63. [PMID: 37309313 PMCID: PMC10236062 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the symbiosis between plants and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a new challenge for sustainable agriculture. Even though many works have reported the beneficial effects of PGPB in increasing plant resilience for several stresses, its potential is not yet widely explored. One of the many reasons is the differential symbiosis performance depending on the host genotype. This opens doors to plant breeding programs to explore the genetic variability and develop new cultivars with higher responses to PGPB interaction and, therefore, have higher resilience to stress. Hence, we aimed to study the genetic architecture of the symbiosis between PGPB and tropical maize germplasm, using a public association panel and its impact on plant resilience. Our findings reveal that the synthetic PGPB population can modulate and impact root architecture traits and improve resilience to nitrogen stress, and 37 regions were significant for controlling the symbiosis between PGPB and tropical maize. In addition, we found two overlapping SNPs in the GWAS analysis indicating strong candidates for further investigations. Furthermore, genomic prediction analysis with genomic relationship matrix computed using only significant SNPs obtained from GWAS analysis substantially increased the predictive ability for several traits endorsing the importance of these genomic regions for the response of PGPB. Finally, the public tropical panel reveals a significant genetic variability to the symbiosis with the PGPB and can be a source of alleles to improve plant resilience. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01257-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Massahiro Yassue
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Humberto Fanelli Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Raysa Gevartosky
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Felipe Sabadin
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Souza
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Bonatelli
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - João Lúcio Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Quecine
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Roberto Fritsche-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
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88
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Bamisile BS, Akutse KS, Siddiqui JA, Xu Y. Model Application of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Alternatives to Chemical Pesticides: Prospects, Challenges, and Insights for Next-Generation Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741804. [PMID: 34659310 PMCID: PMC8514871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the control of pests and diseases of cultivated plants using natural and biological measures has drawn increasing attention in the quest to reduce the level of dependence on chemical products for agricultural production. The use of living organisms, predators, parasitoids, and microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, has proven to be a viable and sustainable pest management technique. Among the aforementioned, fungi, most importantly the insect-pathogenic species, have been in use for more than 150years. These include the most popular strains belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria, Hirsutella, and Lecanicillium. Their application is usually through an inundative approach, which inherently involves exposure of the fungal spores to unfavorable humidity, temperature, and solar radiation conditions. These abiotic factors reduce the persistence and efficacy of these insect-pathogenic fungi. Despite these limitations, over 170 strains have been formulated as mycopesticides and are available for commercial use. In the last few decades, numerous studies have suggested that these species of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) offer far more benefits and have broader ecological functions than hitherto presumed. For instance, aside from their roles as insect killers, it has been well established that they also colonize various host plants and, hence, provide other benefits including plant pathogen antagonism and plant growth promotion and serve as sources of novel bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites, etc. In this light, the potential of EPF as alternatives or perhaps as supplements to chemical pesticides in plant protection is discussed in this review. The paper highlights the numerous benefits associated with endophytic fungal entomopathogen and host plant associations, the mechanisms involved in mediating plant defense against pests and pathogens, and the general limitations to the use of EPF in plant protection. A deeper understanding of these plant host-fungus-insect relationships could help unveil the hidden potentials of fungal endophytes, which would consequently increase the level of acceptance and adoption by users as an integral part of pest management programs and as a suitable alternative to chemical inputs toward sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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89
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Bioprospecting Desert Plants for Endophytic and Biostimulant Microbes: A Strategy for Enhancing Agricultural Production in a Hotter, Drier Future. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100961. [PMID: 34681060 PMCID: PMC8533330 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Endophytes are microbes that live inside plants without causing negative effects in their hosts. All land plants are known to have endophytes, and these endophytes have the capacity to be transferred between plants. Taking endophytes from desert plants, which grow in low-nutrient, high-stress environments, and transferring them to crop plants may alleviate some of the challenges being faced by the agricultural industry, such as increasing drought frequency and rising opposition to chemical use in agriculture. Studies have shown that desert endophytes have the capacity to increase nutrient uptake and increase plant resistance to drought and heat stress, salt stress, and pathogen attack. Currently, the agricultural industry focuses on using irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and chemical pesticides to solve such issues, which can be extremely damaging to the environment. While there is still a lot that is unknown about endophytes, particularly desert plant endophytes, current research provides evidence that desert plant endophytes could be an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional solutions being applied today. Abstract Deserts are challenging places for plants to survive in due to low nutrient availability, drought and heat stress, water stress, and herbivory. Endophytes—microbes that colonize and infect plant tissues without causing apparent disease—may contribute to plant success in such harsh environments. Current knowledge of desert plant endophytes is limited, but studies performed so far reveal that they can improve host nutrient acquisition, increase host tolerance to abiotic stresses, and increase host resistance to biotic stresses. When considered in combination with their broad host range and high colonization rate, there is great potential for desert endophytes to be used in a commercial agricultural setting, especially as croplands face more frequent and severe droughts due to climate change and as the agricultural industry faces mounting pressure to break away from agrochemicals towards more environmentally friendly alternatives. Much is still unknown about desert endophytes, but future studies may prove fruitful for the discovery of new endophyte-based biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and abiotic stress relievers of crops.
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90
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Wu SC, Lu CC. Evaluation of applying an alkaline green tea/ferrous iron system to lindane remediation impacts to soil and plant growth-promoting microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147511. [PMID: 33975108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Application of in situ chemical oxidation or reduction (ISCO/ISCR) technologies for contaminated soil remediation and its subsequent impact on soil is gaining increased attention. Reductive reactivity, generated from green tea (GT) extract mixed with ferrous (Fe2+) ions under alkaline conditions (the alkaline GT/Fe2+ system), has been considered as a promising ISCR process; however, its impact on soil has never been studied. In this study, the impact of applying the alkaline GT/Fe2+ system on soil was evaluated by analyzing the variations of the soil microbial community, diversity, and richness using next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing while mimicking the lindane-contaminated soil remediation procedure. Lindane was reductively degraded by the alkaline GT/Fe2+ system with reaction rate constants of 0.014 to 0.057 μM/h depending on the lindane dosage. Environmental change to the alkaline condition significantly decreased the microbial diversity and richness, but the recovery of the influence was observed subsequently. Bacteria that mainly belong within the phylum Firmicutes, including Salipaludibacillus, Anaerobacillus, Bacillaceae, and Paenibacillaceae, were greatly enhanced due to the alkaline condition. Besides, the dominance of heterotrophic, iron-metabolic, lindane-catabolic, and facultative bacteria was observed in the other corresponding conditions. From the results of principal component analysis (PCA), although dominant microbes all shifted significantly at every lindane-existing condition, the set of optimal lindane treatment with the alkaline GT/Fe2+ system had a minimized effect on the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Nitrogen-cycling-related PGPB is sensitive to all factors of the alkaline GT/Fe2+ system. However, the other types, including plant-growth-inducer producing, phosphate solubilizing, and siderophore producing PGPB, has less impact under the optimal treatment. Our results demonstrate that the alkaline GT/Fe2+ system is an effective and soil-ecosystem-friendly ISCR remediation technology for lindane contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chen Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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91
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Persistent microbiome members in the common bean rhizosphere: an integrated analysis of space, time, and plant genotype. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2708-2722. [PMID: 33772106 PMCID: PMC8397763 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The full potential of managing microbial communities to support plant health is yet-unrealized, in part because it remains difficult to ascertain which members are most important for the plant. However, microbes that consistently associate with a plant species across varied field conditions and over plant development likely engage with the host or host environment. Here, we applied abundance-occupancy concepts from macroecology to quantify the core membership of bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Our study investigated the microbiome membership that persisted over multiple dimensions important for plant agriculture, including major U.S. growing regions (Michigan, Nebraska, Colorado, and Washington), plant development, annual plantings, and divergent genotypes, and also included re-analysis of public data from beans grown in Colombia. We found 48 core bacterial taxa that were consistently detected in all samples, inclusive of all datasets and dimensions. This suggests reliable enrichment of these taxa to the plant environment and time-independence of their association with the plant. More generally, the breadth of ecologically important dimensions included in this work (space, time, host genotype, and management) provides an example of how to systematically identify the most stably-associated microbiome members, and can be applied to other hosts or systems.
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92
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Sangiorgio D, Cellini A, Spinelli F, Farneti B, Khomenko I, Muzzi E, Savioli S, Pastore C, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Donati I. Does Organic Farming Increase Raspberry Quality, Aroma and Beneficial Bacterial Biodiversity? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081617. [PMID: 34442697 PMCID: PMC8400319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microbes can shape plant phenotype, performance, and productivity. Cultivation methods can influence the plant microbiome structure and differences observed in the nutritional quality of differently grown fruits might be due to variations in the microbiome taxonomic and functional composition. Here, the influence of organic and integrated pest management (IPM) cultivation on quality, aroma and microbiome of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits was evaluated. Differences in the fruit microbiome of organic and IPM raspberry were examined by next-generation sequencing and bacterial isolates characterization to highlight the potential contribution of the resident-microflora to fruit characteristics and aroma. The cultivation method strongly influenced fruit nutraceutical traits, aroma and epiphytic bacterial biocoenosis. Organic cultivation resulted in smaller fruits with a higher anthocyanidins content and lower titratable acidity content in comparison to IPM berries. Management practices also influenced the amounts of acids, ketones, aldehydes and monoterpenes, emitted by fruits. Our results suggest that the effects on fruit quality could be related to differences in the population of Gluconobacter, Sphingomonas, Rosenbergiella, Brevibacillus and Methylobacterium on fruit. Finally, changes in fruit aroma can be partly explained by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by key bacterial genera characterizing organic and IPM raspberry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2096443
| | - Brian Farneti
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (B.F.); (I.K.)
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (B.F.); (I.K.)
| | - Enrico Muzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Stefano Savioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Chiara Pastore
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - María Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
- Zespri Fresh Produce, 40132 Bologna, Italy
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Multi-Trait Wheat Rhizobacteria from Calcareous Soil with Biocontrol Activity Promote Plant Growth and Mitigate Salinity Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081588. [PMID: 34442666 PMCID: PMC8400701 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be functional microbial fertilizers and/or biological control agents, contributing to an eco-spirit and safe solution for chemical replacement. Therefore, we have isolated rhizospheric arylsulfatase (ARS)-producing bacteria, belonging to Pseudomonas and Bacillus genus, from durum wheat crop grown on calcareous soil. These isolates harbouring plant growth promoting (PGP) traits were further evaluated in vitro for additional PGP traits, including indole compounds production and biocontrol activity against phytopathogens, limiting the group of multi-trait strains to eight. The selected bacterial strains were further evaluated for PGP attributes associated with biofilm formation, compatibility, salt tolerance ability and effect on plant growth. In vitro studies demonstrated that the multi-trait isolates, Bacillus (1.SG.7, 5.SG.3) and Pseudomonas (2.SG.20, 2.C.19) strains, enhanced the lateral roots abundance and shoots biomass, mitigated salinity stress, suggesting the utility of beneficial ARS-producing bacteria as potential microbial fertilizers. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that compatible combinations of multi-trait isolates, Bacillus sp. 1.SG.7 in a mixture coupled with 5.SG.3, and 2.C.19 with 5.SG.3 belonging to Bacillus and Pseudomonas, respectively, may enhance plant growth as compared to single inoculants.
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Kaur J, Sharma J. Orchid Root Associated Bacteria: Linchpins or Accessories? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661966. [PMID: 34249034 PMCID: PMC8264303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Besides the plant-fungus symbiosis in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants, many endorhizal and rhizosphere bacteria (Root Associated Bacteria, or RAB) also enhance plant fitness, diversity, and coexistence among plants via bi- or tripartite interactions with plant hosts and mycorrhizal fungi. Assuming that bacterial associations are just as important for the obligate mycorrhizal plant family Orchidaceae, surprisingly little is known about the RAB associated with orchids. Herein, we first present the current, underwhelming state of RAB research including their interactions with fungi and the influence of holobionts on plant fitness. We then delineate the need for novel investigations specifically in orchid RAB ecology, and sketch out questions and hypotheses which, when addressed, will advance plant-microbial ecology. We specifically discuss the potential effects of beneficial RAB on orchids as: (1) Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), (2) Mycorrhization Helper Bacteria (MHB), and (3) constituents of an orchid holobiont. We further posit that a hologenomic view should be considered as a framework for addressing co-evolution of the plant host, their obligate Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi (OMF), and orchid RAB. We conclude by discussing implications of the suggested research for conservation of orchids, their microbial partners, and their collective habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Nakayasu M, Ohno K, Takamatsu K, Aoki Y, Yamazaki S, Takase H, Shoji T, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Tomato roots secrete tomatine to modulate the bacterial assemblage of the rhizosphere. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:270-284. [PMID: 33619554 PMCID: PMC8154044 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are the group of plant specialized metabolites which are widely distributed in angiosperm plants and have various biological activities. The present study focused on α-tomatine, a major saponin present in tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. α-Tomatine is responsible for defense against plant pathogens and herbivores, but its biological function in the rhizosphere remains unknown. Secretion of tomatine was higher at the early growth than the green-fruit stage in hydroponically grown plants, and the concentration of tomatine in the rhizosphere of field-grown plants was higher than that of the bulk soil at all growth stages. The effects of tomatine and its aglycone tomatidine on the bacterial communities in the soil were evaluated in vitro, revealing that both compounds influenced the microbiome in a concentration-dependent manner. Numerous bacterial families were influenced in tomatine/tomatidine-treated soil as well as in the tomato rhizosphere. Sphingomonadaceae species, which are commonly observed and enriched in tomato rhizospheres in the fields, were also enriched in tomatine- and tomatidine-treated soils. Moreover, a jasmonate-responsive ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 4 mutant associated with low tomatine production caused the root-associated bacterial communities to change with a reduced abundance of Sphingomonadaceae. Taken together, our results highlight the role of tomatine in shaping the bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and suggest additional functions of tomatine in belowground biological communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kohei Ohno
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takamatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamazaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Hisabumi Takase
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shoji
- Department of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- Author for communication:
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96
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Niche specificity and functional diversity of the bacterial communities associated with Ginkgo biloba and Panax quinquefolius. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10803. [PMID: 34031502 PMCID: PMC8144622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated bacteria can establish mutualistic relationships with plants to support plant health. Plant tissues represent heterogeneous niches with distinct characteristics and may thus host distinct microbial populations. The objectives of this study are to investigate the bacterial communities associated with two medicinally and commercially important plant species; Ginkgo biloba and Panax quinquefolius using high Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of 16S rRNA gene, and to evaluate the extent of heterogeneity in bacterial communities associated with different plant niches. Alpha diversity showed that number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied significantly by tissue type. Beta diversity revealed that the composition of bacterial communities varied between tissue types. In Ginkgo biloba and Panax quinquefolius, 13% and 49% of OTUs, respectively, were ubiquitous in leaf, stem and root. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the most abundant phyla in Ginkgo biloba while Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Plantomycetes and Acidobacteria were the most abundant phyla in Panax quinquefolius. Functional prediction of these bacterial communities using MicrobiomeAnalyst revealed 5843 and 6251 KEGG orthologs in Ginkgo biloba and Panax quinquefolius, respectively. A number of these KEGG pathways were predicted at significantly different levels between tissues. These findings demonstrate the heterogeneity, niche specificity and functional diversity of plant-associated bacteria.
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97
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Ancient Bacterial Class Alphaproteobacteria Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115542. [PMID: 34073951 PMCID: PMC8197338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, are well-known players in the generation of chemicals valuable to humans and as a drug target against pathogens. Understanding the evolution of P450s in a bacterial population is gaining momentum. In this study, we report comprehensive analysis of P450s in the ancient group of the bacterial class Alphaproteobacteria. Genome data mining and annotation of P450s in 599 alphaproteobacterial species belonging to 164 genera revealed the presence of P450s in only 241 species belonging to 82 genera that are grouped into 143 P450 families and 214 P450 subfamilies, including 77 new P450 families. Alphaproteobacterial species have the highest average number of P450s compared to Firmicutes species and cyanobacterial species. The lowest percentage of alphaproteobacterial species P450s (2.4%) was found to be part of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), compared other bacterial species, indicating that during evolution large numbers of P450s became part of BGCs in other bacterial species. Our study identified that some of the P450 families found in alphaproteobacterial species were passed to other bacterial species. This is the first study to report on the identification of CYP125 P450, cholesterol and cholest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase in alphaproteobacterial species (Phenylobacterium zucineum) and to predict cholesterol side-chain oxidation capability (based on homolog proteins) by P. zucineum.
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98
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Marques AR, Resende AA, Gomes FCO, Santos ARO, Rosa CA, Duarte AA, de Lemos-Filho JP, Dos Santos VL. Plant growth-promoting traits of yeasts isolated from the tank bromeliad Vriesea minarum L.B. Smith and the effectiveness of Carlosrosaea vrieseae for promoting bromeliad growth. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1417-1429. [PMID: 33956333 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts can play important roles in promoting plant growth; however, little information is available in this regard for yeasts in water of bromeliad tanks. Here, we characterize the ability of 79 yeast isolates from tank bromeliad Vriesea minarum, an endangered species, to solubilize phosphate, secrete siderophores, and synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The results showed that 67.8% of all assayed yeast isolates mobilized inorganic phosphate; 40.0% secreted siderophores; and 89.9% synthetized IAA and IAA-like compounds. Among the species studied, Carlosrosaea vrieseae UFMG-CM-Y6724 is highlighted for producing IAA (76.1 μg mL-1) and siderophores, and solubilizing phosphate. In addition, evaluation of the effects of filtrate containing IAA-like compounds produced by the C. vrieseae on the development and photosynthetic performance of V. minarum seedlings found it to improve seedling growth equal to that of commercial IAA. These results demonstrate that C. vrieseae can produce compounds with great potential for future use as biofertilizer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa R Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais - CEFET/MG, Av. Amazonas, 5253, Nova Suíça, 30.421-169, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30421-169, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra A Resende
- Expertise Center Botany and Biodiversity, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31080-010, Brazil
| | - Fátima C O Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30421-169, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel O Santos
- Department of Microbiology, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Duarte
- Department of Botany, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - José Pires de Lemos-Filho
- Department of Botany, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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99
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Bacterial Endophytes of Spring Wheat Grains and the Potential to Acquire Fe, Cu, and Zn under Their Low Soil Bioavailability. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050409. [PMID: 34063099 PMCID: PMC8148187 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Unmasking the overall endophytic bacteria communities from wheat grains may help to identify and describe the microbial colonization of bread and emmer varieties, their link to the bioactive compounds produced, and their possible role in mineral nutrition. The possibility of using microorganisms to improve the microelemental composition of grain is an important food security concern, as approximately one-third of the human population experiences latent starvation caused by Fe (anemia), Zn, or Cu deficiency. Four wheat varieties from T. aestivum L. and T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum were grown in field conditions with low bioavailability of microelements in the soil. Varietal differences in the yield, yield characteristics, and the grain micronutrient concentrations were compared with the endophytic bacteria isolated from the grains. Twelve different bacterial isolates were obtained that represented the genera Staphylococcus, Pantoea, Sphingobium, Bacillus, Kosakonia, and Micrococcus. All studied strains were able to synthesize indole-related compounds (IRCs) with phytohormonal activity. IRCs produced by the bacterial genera Pantoea spp. and Bacillus spp. isolated from high-yielding Oksamyt myronivs’kyi and Holikovs’ka grains may be considered as one of the determinants of the yield of wheat and its nutritional characteristics. Abstract Wheat grains are usually low in essential micronutrients. In resolving the problem of grain micronutritional quality, microbe-based technologies, including bacterial endophytes, seem to be promising. Thus, we aimed to (1) isolate and identify grain endophytic bacteria from selected spring wheat varieties (bread Oksamyt myronivs’kyi, Struna myronivs’ka, Dubravka, and emmer Holikovs’ka), which were all grown in field conditions with low bioavailability of microelements, and (2) evaluate the relationship between endophytes’ abilities to synthesize auxins and the concentration of Fe, Zn, and Cu in grains. The calculated biological accumulation factor (BAF) allowed for comparing the varietal ability to uptake and transport micronutrients to the grains. For the first time, bacterial endophytes were isolated from grains of emmer wheat T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum. Generally, the 12 different isolates identified in the four varieties belonged to the genera Staphylococcus, Pantoea, Sphingobium, Bacillus, Kosakonia, and Micrococcus (NCBI accession numbers: MT302194—MT302204, MT312840). All the studied strains were able to synthesize the indole-related compounds (IRCs; max: 16.57 µg∙mL−1) detected using the Salkowski reagent. The IRCs produced by the bacterial genera Pantoea spp. and Bacillus spp. isolated from high-yielding Oksamyt myronivs’kyi and Holikovs’ka grains may be considered as one of the determinants of the yield of wheat and its nutritional characteristics.
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100
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Ismail MA, Amin MA, Eid AM, Hassan SED, Mahgoub HAM, Lashin I, Abdelwahab AT, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Elkelish A, Fouda A. Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051059. [PMID: 33946942 PMCID: PMC8146795 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial endophytes organize symbiotic relationships with the host plant, and their excretions contain diverse plant beneficial matter such as phytohormones and bioactive compounds. In the present investigation, six bacterial and four fungal strains were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root plant, identified using molecular techniques, and their growth-promoting properties were reviewed. All microbial isolates showed varying activities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and different hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, pectinase, and xylanase. Six bacterial endophytic isolates displayed phosphate-solubilizing capacity and ammonia production. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the promotion activity of the metabolites of the most potent endophytic bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis PB2 and Brevibacillus agri PB5) and fungal (Alternaria sorghi PF2 and, Penicillium commune PF3) strains in comparison to two exogenously applied hormone, IAA, and benzyl adenine (BA), on the growth and biochemical characteristics of the P. vulgaris L. Interestingly, our investigations showed that bacterial and fungal endophytic metabolites surpassed the exogenously applied hormones in increasing the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormones and yield traits. Our findings illustrate that the endophyte Brevibacillus agri (PB5) provides high potential as a stimulator for the growth and productivity of common bean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ismail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Amin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.-D.H.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-102-3884804 (S.E.-D.H.); +20-111-3351244 (A.F.)
| | - Hany A. M. Mahgoub
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Islam Lashin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Mandaq, Albaha University, Al-Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrhman T. Abdelwahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Department of Botany Science, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 73211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt; or
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.-D.H.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-102-3884804 (S.E.-D.H.); +20-111-3351244 (A.F.)
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