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Self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid inhibit mesenchymal stromal cells differentiation, migration and secretion of proangiogenic factors and their interactions with prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42926-42938. [PMID: 28477013 PMCID: PMC5522116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic Acid (ZA) rapidly concentrates into the bone and reduces skeletal-related events and pain in bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), but exerts only a limited or absent impact as anti-cancer activity. Recently, we developed self-assembling nanoparticles (NPS) encapsulating zoledronic acid (NZ) that allowed a higher intratumor delivery of the drug compared with free zoledronic acid (ZA) in in vivo cancer models of PCa. Increasing evidence suggests that Bone Marrow (BM) Mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into the stroma of developing tumors where they contribute to progression by enhancing tumor growth and metastasis. We demonstrated that treatment with NZ decreased migration and differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts of MSCs and inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with NZ reduced the capability of MSCs to promote the migration and the clonogenic growth of the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. The levels of Interleukin-6 and of the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF-2 were significantly reduced in MSC-CM derived from MSCs treated with NZ, and CCL5 secretion was almost totally abolished. Moreover, treatment of MSCs with supernatants from PC3 cells, leading to tumor-educated MSCs (TE-MSCs), increased the secretion of IL-6, CCL5, VEGF and FGF-2 by MSCs and increased their capability to increase PC3 cells clonogenic growth. Treatment with NZ decreased cytokine secretion and the pro-tumorigenic effects also of TE-MSCS. In conclusion, demonstrating that NZ is capable to inhibit the cross talk between MSCs and PCa, this study provides a novel insight to explain the powerful anticancer activity of NZ on PCa.
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52
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived β2-Microglobulin Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5422. [PMID: 29615660 PMCID: PMC5883027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been considered as one of the pivotal type of cells composing the tumor microenvironment. Although contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine factors are thought to collaborate in governing the MSCs-based effects on tumors progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In particular, the involvement of MSCs-derived cytokines in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been clarified. In this study, we observed that β2-Microglobulin (B2M) is highly expressed in MSCs but scarcely in ESCC cells. Based on the previously described EMT promoting effect of B2M, we investigated the in vitro effect of MSCs-derived B2M on the EMT of ESCC cells, and discovered its subsequent enhancing effects on cell mobility and tumor-initiation. Further xenograft transplantation experiments confirmed the in vivo induction of tumor-initiation by MSCs-derived B2M. Noteworthy, we showed that the B2M expression positively correlated with poor prognosis. The fact that B2M is primarily expressed by the stroma of the ESCC tissue strengthens our hypothesis that in ESCC, MSCs-derived B2M promotes tumor-initiation and invasion via enhancing EMT, resulting in an adverse prognosis for the patients. Our results will be valuable for the prediction of the development and treatment of ESCC.
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53
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Pietrovito L, Leo A, Gori V, Lulli M, Parri M, Becherucci V, Piccini L, Bambi F, Taddei ML, Chiarugi P. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote invasiveness and transendothelial migration of osteosarcoma cells via a mesenchymal to amoeboid transition. Mol Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29517849 PMCID: PMC5928379 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence to suggest that bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) are key players in tumour stroma. Here, we investigated the cross‐talk between BM‐MSCs and osteosarcoma (OS) cells. We revealed a strong tropism of BM‐MSCs towards these tumour cells and identified monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, growth‐regulated oncogene (GRO)‐α and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 as pivotal factors for BM‐MSC chemotaxis. Once in contact with OS cells, BM‐MSCs trans‐differentiate into cancer‐associated fibroblasts, further increasing MCP‐1, GRO‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 levels in the tumour microenvironment. These cytokines promote mesenchymal to amoeboid transition (MAT), driven by activation of the small GTPase RhoA, in OS cells, as illustrated by the in vitro assay and live imaging. The outcome is a significant increase of aggressiveness in OS cells in terms of motility, invasiveness and transendothelial migration. In keeping with their enhanced transendothelial migration abilities, OS cells stimulated by BM‐MSCs also sustain migration, invasion and formation of the in vitro capillary network of endothelial cells. Thus, BM‐MSC recruitment to the OS site and the consequent cytokine‐induced MAT are crucial events in OS malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pietrovito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Gori
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Becherucci
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccini
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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54
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Kornblau SM, Ruvolo PP, Wang RY, Battula VL, Shpall EJ, Ruvolo VR, McQueen T, Qui Y, Zeng Z, Pierce S, Jacamo R, Yoo SY, Le PM, Sun J, Hail N, Konopleva M, Andreeff M. Distinct protein signatures of acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow-derived stromal cells are prognostic for patient survival. Haematologica 2018; 103:810-821. [PMID: 29545342 PMCID: PMC5927978 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) support acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell survival in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Protein expression profiles of AML-derived MSC are unknown. Reverse phase protein array analysis was performed to compare expression of 151 proteins from AML-MSC (n=106) with MSC from healthy donors (n=71). Protein expression differed significantly between the two groups with 19 proteins over-expressed in leukemia stromal cells and 9 over-expressed in normal stromal cells. Unbiased hierarchical clustering analysis of the samples using these 28 proteins revealed three protein constellations whose variation in expression defined four MSC protein expression signatures: Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. These cell populations appear to have clinical relevance. Specifically, patients with Class 3 cells have longer survival and remission duration compared to other groups. Comparison of leukemia MSC at first diagnosis with those obtained at salvage (i.e. relapse/refractory) showed differential expression of 9 proteins reflecting a shift toward osteogenic differentiation. Leukemia MSC are more senescent compared to their normal counterparts, possibly due to the overexpressed p53/p21 axis as confirmed by high β-galactosidase staining. In addition, overexpression of BCL-XL in leukemia MSC might give survival advantage under conditions of senescence or stress and overexpressed galectin-3 exerts profound immunosuppression. Together, our findings suggest that the identification of specific populations of MSC in AML patients may be an important determinant of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Peter P Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - V Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - YiHua Qui
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Jacamo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Suk-Young Yoo
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Phuong M Le
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sun
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Numsen Hail
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
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55
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Mesenchymal stem cells promote osteosarcoma cell survival and drug resistance through activation of STAT3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48296-48308. [PMID: 27340780 PMCID: PMC5217018 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the development of drug resistant tumor cells. In this study, we tried to determine whether the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the tumor microenvironment contribute to the increased chemoresistance of osteosarcoma. We found that exposure of Saos-2 and U2-OS cells to MSCs conditioned medium (CM) increased the viable cells in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of doxorubicin or cisplatin. Meanwhile, the MSC CM-associated pro-proliferative effects were accompanied by reduced caspase 3/7 activity and Annexin V binding. We confirmed that STAT3 activation by IL-6 regulates MSCs-induced chemoresistance. Blockade of this signal re-sensitized drug-resistant Saos-2 cells to drug treatment. Using a osteosarcoma mouse model with co-injection of MSCs with Saos-2cells, we found that inhibition of STAT3 prolonged the survival time of tumor bearing mice by suppressing tumor growth and increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to doxorubicin. Finally, we demonstrated that increased expression of p-STAT3, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and P-glycoprotein (MDR-1) was associated with high chemotherapy resistance in clinical osteosarcoma samples. Collectively, our findings suggest that MSCs within the tumor microenvironment may represent a new target to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy in osteosarcoma patients.
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56
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Zhang X, Hu F, Li G, Li G, Yang X, Liu L, Zhang R, Zhang B, Feng Y. Human colorectal cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:25. [PMID: 29348540 PMCID: PMC5833830 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to localize in colorectal carcinomas, and participate in the formation of the tumor microenvironment. They have recently been isolated from colorectal cancer tissues, and are implicated in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the roles and detailed mechanisms associated with human colorectal cancer-derived MSCs (CC-MSCs) have not been fully addressed. In this study, we found that CC-MSCs increased the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells and promoted the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. We also found that CC-MSCs enhanced the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer in vivo. Mechanistically, we determined that interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the most highly expressed cytokine in the CC-MSC conditioned medium, and promoted the progression of colorectal cancer cells through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling, which activated PI3K/AKT signaling. We used anti-IL-6 antibody to target IL-6. Collectively, these results reveal that the IL-6 secreted by CC-MSCs enhances the progression of colorectal cancer cells through IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling, and could provide a novel therapeutic or preventive target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.,Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Fayong Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Geng Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yongdong Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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57
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Zhu F, McCaw L, Spaner DE, Gorczynski RM. Targeting the IL-17/IL-6 axis can alter growth of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in vivo/in vitro. Leuk Res 2018; 66:28-38. [PMID: 29353760 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the longevity of tumor B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the cytokines they produce including IL-6 are important components of the TME in CLL. We found BMMSCs supported the survival of CLL cells in vitro through an IL-6 dependent mechanism. IL-17 which induces IL-6 generation in a variety of cells increased production of IL-6 both in CLL cells and BMMSCs in vitro. In a xenograft CLL mouse model, BMMSCs and the culture supernatant of BMMSCs increased engraftment of CLL cells through an IL-6 mediated mechanism with human recombinant IL-6 showing similar effects in vivo. Human recombinant IL-17 treatment also increased CLL engraftment in mice through an IL-6 mediated mechanism. Plasma of CLL patients showed elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-17 by ELISA compared with healthy controls, with levels of IL-6 linearly correlated with IL-17 levels. CLL patients requiring fludarabine based chemotherapy expressed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17, while CLL patients with the lowest levels of IgA/IgM had higher levels of IL-6, but not IL-17. These data imply an important role for the IL-17/IL-6 axis in CLL which could be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay McCaw
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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58
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miR-155-5p inhibition promotes the transition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to gastric cancer tissue derived MSC-like cells via NF-κB p65 activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16567-80. [PMID: 26934326 PMCID: PMC4941335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer tissue-derived MSC-like cells (GC-MSC) share similar characteristics to bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC); however, the phenotypical and functional differences and the molecular mechanism of transition between the two cell types remain unclear. Compared to BM-MSC, GC-MSC exhibited the classic phenotype of reactive stroma cells, a stronger gastric cancer promoting capacity and lower expression of miR-155-5p. Inhibition of miR-155-5p by transfecting miRNA inhibitor induced a phenotypical and functional transition of BM-MSC into GC-MSC-like cells, and the reverse experiment deprived GC-MSC of tumor-promoting phenotype and function. NF-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) and inhibitor of NF-kappa B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE/IKKε) were identified as targets of miR-155-5p and important for miRNA inhibitor activating NF-κB p65 in the transition. Inactivation of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid (PDTC) significantly blocked the effect of miR-155-5p inhibitor on BM-MSC. IKBKE, NF-κB p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65 proteins were highly enriched in MSC-like cells of gastric cancer tissues, and the latter two were correlated with the pathological progression of gastric cancer. In GC-MSC, the expression of miR-155-5p was downregulated and NF-κB p65 protein was increased and activated. NF-κB inactivation by PDTC or knockdown of its downstream cytokines reversed the phenotype and function of GC-MSC. Taken together, our findings revealed that miR-155-5p downregulation induces BM-MSC to acquire a GC-MSC-like phenotype and function depending on NF-κB p65 activation, which suggests a novel mechanism underlying the cancer associated MSC remodeling in the tumor microenvironment and offers an effective target and approach for gastric cancer therapy.
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59
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Zhao H, Achreja A, Iessi E, Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Nagrath D, Fais S. The key role of extracellular vesicles in the metastatic process. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:64-77. [PMID: 29175553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have a key role in the paracrine communication between organs and compartments. EVs shuttle virtually all types of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites and even pharmacological compounds. Their ability to transfer their biomolecular cargo into target cells enables EVs to play a key role in intercellular communication that can regulate cellular functions such as proliferation, apoptosis and migration. This has led to the emergence of EVs as a key player in tumor growth and metastasis through the formation of "tumor niches" in target organs. Recent data have also been shown that EVs may transform the microenvironment of primary tumors thus favoring the selection of cancer cells with a metastatic behavior. The release of EVs from resident non-malignant cells may contribute to the metastatic processes as well. However, cancer EVs may induce malignant transformation in resident mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting that the metastatic process is not exclusively due to circulating tumor cells. In this review, we outline and discuss evidence-based roles of EVs in actively regulating multiple steps of the metastatic process and how we can leverage EVs to impair metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Zhao
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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60
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Cao M, Mao J, Duan X, Lu L, Zhang F, Lin B, Chen M, Zheng C, Zhang X, Shen J. In vivo tracking of the tropism of mesenchymal stem cells to malignant gliomas using reporter gene-based MR imaging. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1033-1046. [PMID: 29047121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cellular vehicle for gene therapy of malignant gliomas due to their property of tumor tropism. However, MSCs may show bidirectional and divergent effects on tumor growth. Therefore, a robust surveillance system with a capacity for noninvasive monitoring of the homing, distribution and fate of stem cells in vivo is highly desired for developing stem cell-based gene therapies for tumors. In this study, we used ferritin gene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track the tumor tropism of MSCs in a rat orthotopic xenograft model of malignant glioma. MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Intra-arterial, intravenous and intertumoral injections of these FTH transgenic MSCs (FTH-MSCs) were performed in rats bearing intracranial orthotopic C6 gliomas. The FTH-MSCs were detected as hypointense signals on T2- and T2*-weighted images on a 3.0 T clinical MRI. After intra-arterial injection, 17% of FTH-MSCs migrated toward the tumor and gradually diffused throughout the orthotopic glioma. This dynamic process could be tracked in vivo by MRI up to 10 days of follow-up, as confirmed by histology. Moreover, the tumor tropism of MSCs showed no appreciable impact on the progression of the tumor. These results suggest that FTH reporter gene-based MRI can be used to reliably track the tropism and fate of MSCs after their systemic transplantation in orthotopic gliomas. This real-time in vivo tracking system will facilitate the future development of stem cell-based therapies for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jiaji Mao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Bingling Lin
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Meiwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Chushan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
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61
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Bayo J, Real A, Fiore EJ, Malvicini M, Sganga L, Bolontrade M, Andriani O, Bizama C, Fresno C, Podhajcer O, Fernandez E, Gidekel M, Mazzolini GD, García MG. IL-8, GRO and MCP-1 produced by hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment determine the migratory capacity of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells without affecting tumor aggressiveness. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80235-80248. [PMID: 29113298 PMCID: PMC5655193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapies are needed for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) carrying therapeutic genes is a promising strategy. HCC produce cytokines recruiting MSCs to the tumor milieu and modifying its biological properties. Our aim was to study changes generated on human MSCs exposed to conditioned media (CM) derived from human HCC fresh samples and xenografts. All CM shared similar cytokines expression pattern including CXCL1-2-3/GRO, CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL8/IL-8 being the latter with the highest concentration. Neutralizing and knockdown experiments of CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 reduced in vitro MSC migration of ≥20%. Simultaneous CXCR1 and CXCR2 neutralization resulted in 50% of MSC migration inhibition. MSC stimulated with CM (sMSC) from HuH7 or HC-PT-5 showed a 2-fold increase of migration towards the CM compared with unstimulated MSC (usMSC). Gene expression profile of sMSC showed ~500 genes differentially expressed compared with usMSC, being 46 genes related with cell migration and invasion. sMSC increased fibroblasts and endothelial cells chemotaxis. Finally, sMSC with HuH7 CM and then inoculated in HCC tumor bearing-mice did not modify tumor growth. In this work we characterized factors produced by HCC responsible for the changes in MSC chemotactic capacity with would have an impact on therapeutic use of MSCs for human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandrina Real
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban J. Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Malvicini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Sganga
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Oscar Andriani
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | | | - Cristóbal Fresno
- BioScience Data Mining Group, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Elmer Fernandez
- BioScience Data Mining Group, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel Gidekel
- Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo D. Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Mariana G. García
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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62
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Fedele M, Cerchia L, Chiappetta G. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer: Focus on Basal-Like Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100134. [PMID: 28974015 PMCID: PMC5664073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized by a high grade of cell plasticity arising from the contribution of a diverse range of factors. When combined, these factors allow a cancer cell to transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state through a process of dedifferentiation that confers stem-like features, including chemoresistance, as well as the capacity to migrate and invade. Understanding the complex events that lead to the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype will therefore help to design new therapies against metastatic breast cancer. Here, we recapitulate the main endogenous molecular signals involved in this process, and their cross-talk with paracrine factors. These signals and cross-talk include the extracellular matrix; the secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, cancer stem cells, and cancer cells; and exosomes with their cargo of miRNAs. Finally, we highlight some of the more promising therapeutic perspectives based on counteracting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Fedele
- CNR-Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Cerchia
- CNR-Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Chiappetta
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale a Supporto dei Percorsi Oncologici, S.C. Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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63
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Ishihara S, Inman DR, Li WJ, Ponik SM, Keely PJ. Mechano-Signal Transduction in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Prosaposin Secretion to Drive the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6179-6189. [PMID: 28972074 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to chemical stimuli from cancer cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and promote tumor progression. How mechanical stimuli such as stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to MSC phenotype in cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ECM stiffness leads to mechano-signal transduction in MSC, which promotes mammary tumor growth in part through secretion of the signaling protein prosaposin. On a stiff matrix, MSC cultured with conditioned media from mammary cancer cells expressed increased levels of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of CAF, compared with MSC cultured on a soft matrix. By contrast, MSC cultured on a stiff matrix secreted prosaposin that promoted proliferation and survival of mammary carcinoma cells but inhibited metastasis. Our findings suggest that in addition to chemical stimuli, increased stiffness of the ECM in the tumor microenvironment induces differentiation of MSC to CAF, triggering enhanced proliferation and survival of mammary cancer cells. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6179-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Ishihara
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - David R Inman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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64
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Interleukin-6 blockade attenuates lung cancer tissue construction integrated by cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12317. [PMID: 28951614 PMCID: PMC5615065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we successfully generated lung cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells by introducing a small set of transcription factors into a lung cancer cell line. In addition to properties that are conventionally referred to as CSC properties, the lung induced CSCs exhibited the ability to form lung cancer-like tissues in vitro with vascular cells and mesenchymal stem cells, which showed structures and immunohistological patterns that were similar to human lung cancer tissues. We named them “lung cancer organoids”. We found that interleukin-6 (IL-6), which was expressed in the lung induced CSCs, facilitates the formation of lung cancer organoids via the conversion of mesenchymal stem cells into alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive cells. Interestingly, the combination of anti-IL-6 antibody and cisplatin could destroy the lung cancer organoids, while cisplatin alone could not. Furthermore, IL-6 mRNA-positive cancer cells were found in clinical lung cancer samples. These results suggest that IL-6 could be a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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65
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Pan Z, Tian Y, Zhang B, Zhang X, Shi H, Liang Z, Wu P, Li R, You B, Yang L, Mao F, Qian H, Xu W. YAP signaling in gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells is critical for its promoting role in cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1055-1066. [PMID: 28848999 PMCID: PMC5592864 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are critically involved in tumor development and progression. However, the mechanisms of action for MSCs in cancer remain largely unknown. Herein, we reported that the expression of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) was higher in gastric cancer derived mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) than that in bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). YAP knockdown not only inhibited the growth, migration and invasion, and stemness of GC-MSCs, but also suppressed their promoting effect on gastric cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the interference of YAP expression in GC-MSCs also attenuated the promoting role of gastric cancer cells in endothelial cell tube formation and migration. Mechanistically, YAP knockdown reduced the activation of β-catenin and its target genes in gastric cancer cells by GC-MSCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that YAP activation in GC-MSCs plays an important role in promoting gastric cancer progression, which may represent a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoji Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Benshuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Lunyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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66
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Hill BS, Pelagalli A, Passaro N, Zannetti A. Tumor-educated mesenchymal stem cells promote pro-metastatic phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73296-73311. [PMID: 29069870 PMCID: PMC5641213 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited into tumor microenvironment in response to multiple signals produced by cancer cells. Molecules involved in their homing to tumors are the same inflammatory mediators produced by injured tissues: chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. When MSCs arrive into the tumor microenvironment these are “educated” to have pro-metastatic behaviour. Firstly, they promote cancer immunosuppression modulating both innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, tumor associated-MSCs trans-differentiating into cancer-associated fibroblasts can induce epithelial-mesenchymal-transition program in tumor cells. This process determinates a more aggressive phenotype of cancer cells by increasing their motility and invasiveness and favoring their dissemination to distant sites. In addition, MSCs are involved in the formation and modelling of pre-metastatic niches creating a supportive environment for colonization of circulating tumor cells. The development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the different functions of MSCs in promoting tumor progression as well as the mechanisms underlying their activities could enhance the efficacy of conventional and immune anti-cancer therapies. Furthermore, many studies report the use of MSCs engineered to express different genes or as vehicle to specifically deliver novel drugs to tumors exploiting their strong tropism. Importantly, this approach can enhance local therapeutic efficacy and reduce the risk of systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Samuel Hill
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Passaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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67
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Krstic J, Trivanovic D, Jaukovic A, Santibanez JF, Bugarski D. Metabolic Plasticity of Stem Cells and Macrophages in Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 28848547 PMCID: PMC5552673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing essential molecules for the overall function of cells, metabolism plays an important role in cell fate and can be affected by microenvironmental stimuli as well as cellular interactions. As a specific niche, tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of different cell types including stromal/stem cells and immune cells, is characterized by distinct metabolic properties. This review will be focused on the metabolic plasticity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) and macrophages in TME, as well as on how the metabolic state of cancer stem cells (CSC), as key drivers of oncogenesis, affects their generation and persistence. Namely, heterogenic metabolic phenotypes of these cell populations, which include various levels of dependence on glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation are closely linked to their complex roles in cancer progression. Besides well-known extrinsic factors, such as cytokines and growth factors, the differentiation and activation states of CSC, MSC, and macrophages are coordinated by metabolic reprogramming in TME. The significance of mutual metabolic interaction between tumor stroma and cancer cells in the immune evasion and persistence of CSC is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Drenka Trivanovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jaukovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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68
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Chen J, Mao S, Li H, Zheng M, Yi L, Lin JM, Lin ZX. The pathological structure of the perivascular niche in different microvascular patterns of glioblastoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182183. [PMID: 28771552 PMCID: PMC5542434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The perivascular niche is critical for intercellular communication between resident cell types in glioblastoma (GBM), and it plays a vital role in maintaining the glioma stem cell (GSC) microenvironment. It is shown in abundant research that different microvascular patterns exist in GBM; and it can be implied that different microvascular patterns are associated with different pathological structures in the perivascular niche. However, the pathological structure of the perivascular niche is still not clear. Here, we investigated the distribution and biological characteristics of different microvascular pattern niches (MVPNs) in GBM by detecting the expression of CD34, CD133, Nestin, α-SMA, GFAP and CD14 in the perivascular niche using multiple -fluorescence. The four basic microvascular patterns are microvascular sprouting (MS), vascular cluster (VC), vascular garland (VG), and glomeruloid vascular proliferation (GVP). By analyzing the proportion of the area of each marker in four types of formations, the results indicated that the expression of CD34, CD133 and Nestin in MS and VC was significantly lower than that in VG and GVP (P<0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that α-SMA expression different in the MS, VC, VG and GVP (P<0.05). However, the expression of GFAP and CD14 in each type of formation exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05). According to the area distributions of different markers, we mapped four precise simulation diagrams to provide an effective foundation for the accurate simulation of glioblastoma in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcheng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Linglu Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JML); (ZXL)
| | - Zhi-xiong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JML); (ZXL)
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69
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Sammali E, Alia C, Vegliante G, Colombo V, Giordano N, Pischiutta F, Boncoraglio GB, Barilani M, Lazzari L, Caleo M, De Simoni MG, Gaipa G, Citerio G, Zanier ER. Intravenous infusion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells promotes functional recovery and neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6962. [PMID: 28761170 PMCID: PMC5537246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSC) promotes functional recovery after stroke in animal models, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. We tested the efficacy of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) compliant hBM-MSC, injected intravenously 3.5 hours after injury in mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). We addressed whether hBM-MSC are efficacious and if this efficacy is associated with cortical circuit reorganization using neuroanatomical analysis of GABAergic neurons (parvalbumin; PV-positive cells) and perineuronal nets (PNN), a specialized extracellular matrix structure which acts as an inhibitor of neural plasticity. tMCAo mice receiving hBM-MSC, showed early and lasting improvement of sensorimotor and cognitive functions compared to control tMCAo mice. Furthermore, 5 weeks post-tMCAo, hBM-MSC induced a significant rescue of ipsilateral cortical neurons; an increased proportion of PV-positive neurons in the perilesional cortex, suggesting GABAergic interneurons preservation; and a lower percentage of PV-positive cells surrounded by PNN, indicating an enhanced plastic potential of the perilesional cortex. These results show that hBM-MSC improve functional recovery and stimulate neuroprotection after stroke. Moreover, the downregulation of “plasticity brakes” such as PNN suggests that hBM-MSC treatment stimulates plasticity and formation of new connections in the perilesional cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Sammali
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy.,Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Vegliante
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Colombo
- Laboratory for Cell and Gene Therapy "Stefano Verri", ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nadia Giordano
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischiutta
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio B Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Barilani
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratory for Cell and Gene Therapy "Stefano Verri", ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Neurointensive Care, ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
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70
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Mercatali L, La Manna F, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, De Vita A, Spadazzi C, Bongiovanni A, Recine F, Amadori D, Ghetti M, Ibrahim T. Tumor-Stroma Crosstalk in Bone Tissue: The Osteoclastogenic Potential of a Breast Cancer Cell Line in a Co-Culture System and the Role of EGFR Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081655. [PMID: 28758931 PMCID: PMC5578045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone metastases represent a major challenge in the natural history of breast cancer (BC), the complex interactions involved have hindered the development of robust in vitro models. The aim of this work is the development of a preclinical model of cancer and bone stromal cells to mimic the bone microenvironment. We studied the effects on osteoclastogenesis of BC cells and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) cultured alone or in combination. We also analyzed: (a) whether the blockade of the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway modified their influence on monocytes towards differentiation, and (b) the efficacy of bone-targeted therapy on osteoclasts. We evaluated the osteoclastogenesis modulation of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) indirectly induced by the conditioned medium (CM) of the human BC cell line SCP2, cultured singly or with MSC. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by TRAP analysis. The effect of the EGFR blockade was assessed by treating the cells with gefitinib, and analyzed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Western Blot (WB). We observed that SCP2 co-cultured with MSC increased the differentiation of PBMC. This effect was underpinned upon pre-treatment of the co-culture with gefitinib. Co-culture of SCP2 with MSC increased the expression of both the bone-related marker Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANK) and EGFR in BC cells. These upregulations were not affected by the EGFR blockade. The effects of the CM obtained by the cells treated with gefitinib in combination with the treatment of the preosteoclasts with the bone-targeted agents and everolimus enhanced the inhibition of the osteoclastogenesis. Finally, we developed a fully human co-culture system of BC cells and bone progenitor cells. We observed that the interaction of MSC with cancer cells induced in the latter molecular changes and a higher power of inducing osteoclastogenesis. We found that blocking EGFR signaling could be an efficacious strategy for breaking the interactions between cancer and bone cells in order to inhibit bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Federico La Manna
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Martina Ghetti
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
- Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
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71
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Fung MKL, Chan GCF. Drug-induced amino acid deprivation as strategy for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:144. [PMID: 28750681 PMCID: PMC5530962 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by uncontrollable growth of neoplastic cells, leading to invasion of adjacent and distant tissues resulting in death. Cancer cells have specific nutrient(s) auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared to normal tissues. Therefore, different metabolic inhibitors or nutrient-depleting enzymes have been tested for their anti-cancer activities. We review recent available laboratory and clinical data on using various specific amino acid metabolic pathways inhibitors in treating cancers. Our focus is on glutamine, asparagine, and arginine starvation. These three amino acids are chosen due to their better scientific evidence compared to other related approaches in cancer treatment. Amino acid-specific depleting enzymes have been adopted in different standard chemotherapy protocols. Glutamine starvation by glutaminase inhibitior, transporter inhibitor, or glutamine depletion has shown to have significant anti-cancer effect in pre-clinical studies. Currently, glutaminase inhibitor is under clinical trial for testing anti-cancer efficacy. Clinical data suggests that asparagine depletion is effective in treating hematologic malignancies even as a single agent. On the other hand, arginine depletion has lower toxicity profile and can effectively reduce the level of pro-cancer biochemicals in patients as shown by ours and others’ data. This supports the clinical use of arginine depletion as anti-cancer therapy but its exact efficacy in various cancers requires further investigation. However, clinical application of these enzymes is usually hindered by common problems including allergy to these foreign proteins, off-target cytotoxicity, short half-life and rapidly emerging chemoresistance. There have been efforts to overcome these problems by modifying the drugs in different ways to circumvent these hindrance such as (1) isolate human native enzymes to reduce allergy, (2) isolate enzyme isoforms with higher specificities and efficiencies, (3) pegylate the enzymes to reduce allergy and prolong the half-lives, and (4) design drug combinations protocols to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by drug synergy and minimizing resistance. These improvements can potentially lead to the development of more effective anti-cancer treatment with less adverse effects and higher therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kwong Lam Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Agarwal P, Wang H, Sun M, Xu J, Zhao S, Liu Z, Gooch KJ, Zhao Y, Lu X, He X. Microfluidics Enabled Bottom-Up Engineering of 3D Vascularized Tumor for Drug Discovery. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6691-6702. [PMID: 28614653 PMCID: PMC5663446 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Development of high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) models to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment is essential for studying tumor biology and discovering anticancer drugs. Here we report a method to engineer the 3D microenvironment of human tumors, by encapsulating cancer cells in the core of microcapsules with a hydrogel shell for miniaturized 3D culture to obtain avascular microtumors first. The microtumors are then used as the building blocks for assembling with endothelial cells and other stromal cells to create macroscale 3D vascularized tumor. Cells in the engineered 3D microenvironment can yield significantly larger tumors in vivo than 2D-cultured cancer cells. Furthermore, the 3D vascularized tumors are 4.7 and 139.5 times more resistant to doxorubicin hydrochloride (a commonly used chemotherapy drug) than avascular microtumors and 2D-cultured cancer cells, respectively. Moreover, this high drug resistance of the 3D vascularized tumors can be overcome by using nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. The high-fidelity 3D tumor model may be valuable for studying the effect of microenvironment on tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis and for developing effective therapeutic strategy to fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mingrui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangsheng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuting Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Keith J. Gooch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Xiaoming He, Ph.D., Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, Phone: 1 (614) 247-8759, Fax: 1 (614) 292-7301,
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Janiak MK, Wincenciak M, Cheda A, Nowosielska EM, Calabrese EJ. Cancer immunotherapy: how low-level ionizing radiation can play a key role. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:819-832. [PMID: 28361232 PMCID: PMC5489643 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cancer immunoediting hypothesis assumes that the immune system guards the host against the incipient cancer, but also "edits" the immunogenicity of surviving neoplastic cells and supports remodeling of tumor microenvironment towards an immunosuppressive and pro-neoplastic state. Local irradiation of tumors during standard radiotherapy, by killing neoplastic cells and generating inflammation, stimulates anti-cancer immunity and/or partially reverses cancer-promoting immunosuppression. These effects are induced by moderate (0.1-2.0 Gy) or high (>2 Gy) doses of ionizing radiation which can also harm normal tissues, impede immune functions, and increase the risk of secondary neoplasms. In contrast, such complications do not occur with exposures to low doses (≤0.1 Gy for acute irradiation or ≤0.1 mGy/min dose rate for chronic exposures) of low-LET ionizing radiation. Furthermore, considerable evidence indicates that such low-level radiation (LLR) exposures retard the development of neoplasms in humans and experimental animals. Here, we review immunosuppressive mechanisms induced by growing tumors as well as immunomodulatory effects of LLR evidently or likely associated with cancer-inhibiting outcomes of such exposures. We also offer suggestions how LLR may restore and/or stimulate effective anti-tumor immunity during the more advanced stages of carcinogenesis. We postulate that, based on epidemiological and experimental data amassed over the last few decades, whole- or half-body irradiations with LLR should be systematically examined for its potential to be a viable immunotherapeutic treatment option for patients with systemic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek K Janiak
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St., 01-163, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Wincenciak
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St., 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Cheda
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St., 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa M Nowosielska
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St., 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Nakata R, Shimada H, Fernandez GE, Fanter R, Fabbri M, Malvar J, Zimmermann P, DeClerck YA. Contribution of neuroblastoma-derived exosomes to the production of pro-tumorigenic signals by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1332941. [PMID: 28717423 PMCID: PMC5505006 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1332941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment promoting survival, dormancy and therapeutic resistance in tumor cells. Central to this function are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Here, using neuroblastoma (NB) as a model, we demonstrate that NB cells release an extracellular vesicle (EVs) whose protein cargo is enriched in exosomal proteins but lacks cytokines and chemokines. Using three different purification methods, we then demonstrate that NB-derived exosomes were captured by MSCs and induced the production of pro-tumorigenic cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8/CXCL8, vascular endothelial cell growth factor and monocyte-chemotactic protein-1, with exosomes prepared by size exclusion chromatography having the highest activity. We found no correlation between the IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8 stimulatory activity of exosomes from eight NB cell lines and their origin, degree of MYCN amplification, drug resistance and disease status. We then demonstrate that the uptake of NB exosomes by MSCs was associated with a rapid increase in ERK1/2 and AKT activation, and that blocking ERK1/2 but not AKT activation inhibited the IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8 production by MSCs without affecting exosome uptake. Thus, we describe a new mechanism by which NB cells induce in MSCs an inflammatory reaction that contributes to a favorable microenvironment in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nakata
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob Fanter
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muller Fabbri
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jemily Malvar
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068-CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Yves A DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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75
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Bose B, Sen U, Shenoy P S. Breast Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutics, Multiple Strategies Versus Using Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Notch Inhibitory Properties: Possibilities and Perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:141-149. [PMID: 28590064 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Relapse cases of cancers are more vigorous and difficult to control due to the preponderance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Such CSCs that had been otherwise dormant during the first incidence of cancer gradually appear as radiochemoresistant cancer cells. Hence, cancer therapeutics aimed at CSCs would be an effective strategy for mitigating the cancers during relapse. Alternatively, CSC therapy can also be proposed as an adjuvant therapy, along-with the conventional therapies. As regenerative stem cells (RSCs) are known for their trophic effects, anti-tumorogenicity, and better migration toward an injury site, this review aims to address the use of adult stem cells such as dental pulp derived; cord blood derived pure populations of regenerative stem cells for targeting CSCs. Indeed, pro-tumorogenicity of RSCs is of concern and hence has also been dealt with in relation to breast CSC therapeutics. Furthermore, as notch signaling pathways are upregulated in breast cancers, and anti-notch antibody based and sh-RNA based therapies are already in the market, this review focuses the possibilities of engineering RSCs to express notch inhibitory proteins for breast CSC therapeutics. Also, we have drawn a comparison among various possibilities of breast CSC therapeutics, about, notch1 inhibition. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 141-149, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Utsav Sen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
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Lerrer S, Liubomirski Y, Bott A, Abnaof K, Oren N, Yousaf A, Körner C, Meshel T, Wiemann S, Ben-Baruch A. Co-Inflammatory Roles of TGFβ1 in the Presence of TNFα Drive a Pro-inflammatory Fate in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:479. [PMID: 28553282 PMCID: PMC5425596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasticity is a hallmark of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and as such, their differentiation and activities may be shaped by factors of their microenvironment. Bones, tumors, and cardiomyopathy are examples of niches and conditions that contain MSCs and are enriched with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). These two cytokines are generally considered as having opposing roles in regulating immunity and inflammation (pro- and anti-inflammatory, respectively). Here, we performed global gene expression analysis of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and identified overlap in half of the transcriptional programs that were modified by TNFα and TGFβ1. The two cytokines elevated the mRNA expression of soluble factors, including mRNAs of pro-inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, the typical pro-inflammatory factor TNFα prominently induced the protein expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2, CXCL8 (IL-8), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in MSCs, through the NF-κB/p65 pathway. In parallel, TGFβ1 did not elevate CXCL8 protein levels and induced the protein expression of CCL2 at much lower levels than TNFα; yet, TGFβ1 readily induced Cox-2 and acted predominantly via the Smad3 pathway. Interestingly, combined stimulation of MSCs by TNFα + TGFβ1 led to a cooperative induction of all three inflammatory mediators, indicating that TGFβ1 functioned as a co-inflammatory cytokine in the presence of TNFα. The cooperative activities of TNFα + TGFβ1 that have led to CCL2 and CXCL8 induction were almost exclusively dependent on p65 activation and were not regulated by Smad3 or by the upstream regulator TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). In contrast, the TNFα + TGFβ1-induced cooperative elevation in Cox-2 was mostly dependent on Smad3 (demonstrating cooperativity with activated NF-κB) and was partly regulated by TAK1. Studies with MSCs activated by TNFα + TGFβ1 revealed that they release factors that can affect other cells in their microenvironment and induce breast tumor cell elongation, migration, and scattering out of spheroid tumor masses. Thus, our findings demonstrate a TNFα + TGFβ1-driven pro-inflammatory fate in MSCs, identify specific molecular mechanisms involved, and propose that TNFα + TGFβ1-stimulated MSCs influence the tumor niche. These observations suggest key roles for the microenvironment in regulating MSC functions, which in turn may affect different health-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Lerrer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Bott
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khalid Abnaof
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nino Oren
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Labovsky V, Martinez LM, Davies KM, de Luján Calcagno M, García-Rivello H, Wernicke A, Feldman L, Matas A, Giorello MB, Borzone FR, Choi H, Howard SC, Chasseing NA. Prognostic significance of TRAIL-R3 and CCR-2 expression in tumor epithelial cells of patients with early breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:280. [PMID: 28420351 PMCID: PMC5395831 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor epithelial cells (TEpCs) and spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, of patients with early breast cancer express osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, stromal cell derived factor-1, interleukin-6, macrophage colony stimulating factor, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (CCL-2) and their receptors at significantly higher levels compared with non-neoplastic breast tissues. We evaluated the clinicopathological significance of these ligands and receptors in TEpC and spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, to determine their impact on prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods We conducted immunohistochemical analyses of protein expression in primary tumors of patients with early breast cancer and analyzed their association with standard prognostic parameters and clinical outcomes, including local relapse, metastatic recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Elevated levels of TRAIL-R3 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR-2) in TEpCs and OPG and CCL-2 in stromal cells were significantly associated with a higher risk of metastasis (p = 0.032, p = 0.003, p = 0.038, and p = 0.049; respectively). Moreover, high expression of TRAIL-R3 and CCR-2 in TEpCs was associated with shorter DFS, MFS, and OS. High TRAIL-R3 expression in TEpCs was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS, and high CCR-2 expression in these cells was an independent prognostic factor for MFS. Conclusions High levels of TRAIL-R3 and CCR-2 expression in TEpCs identified patients with early breast cancer with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Labovsky
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Mauro Davies
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Luján Calcagno
- Departamento de Bioestadística, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán García-Rivello
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Wernicke
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Feldman
- Departamento de Trasplante de Medula Ósea, Fundación Favaloro, Solis 443, C1078AAI, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Matas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hosoon Choi
- Central Texas Veterans Research Foundation, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Scott C Howard
- University of Tennsseee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Human carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells promote ovarian cancer chemotherapy resistance via a BMP4/HH signaling loop. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6916-32. [PMID: 26755648 PMCID: PMC4872758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is critical to cancer growth and therapy resistance. We previously characterized human ovarian carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs). CA-MSCs are multi-potent cells that can differentiate into tumor microenvironment components including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and adipocytes. We previously reported CA-MSCs, compared to normal MSCs, express high levels of BMP proteins and promote tumor growth by increasing numbers of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). We demonstrate here that ovarian tumor cell-secreted Hedgehog (HH) induces CA-MSC BMP4 expression. CA-MSC-derived BMP4 reciprocally increases ovarian tumor cell HH expression indicating a positive feedback loop. Interruption of this loop with a HH pathway inhibitor or BMP4 blocking antibody decreases CA-MSC-derived BMP4 and tumor-derived HH preventing enrichment of CSCs and reversing chemotherapy resistance. The impact of HH inhibition was only seen in CA-MSC-containing tumors, indicating the importance of a humanized stroma. These results are reciprocal to findings in pancreatic and bladder cancer, suggesting HH signaling effects are tumor tissue specific warranting careful investigation in each tumor type. Collectively, we define a critical positive feedback loop between CA-MSC-derived BMP4 and ovarian tumor cell-secreted HH and present evidence for the further investigation of HH as a clinical target in ovarian cancer.
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Zachar L, Bačenková D, Rosocha J. Activation, homing, and role of the mesenchymal stem cells in the inflammatory environment. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:231-240. [PMID: 28008279 PMCID: PMC5170601 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising source of cells in regenerative medicine. They have large potential to differentiate into various tissue-specific populations and may be isolated from diverse tissues in desired quantities. As cells of potential autologous origin, they allow recipients to avoid the alloantigen responses. They also have the ability to create immunomodulatory microenvironment, and thus help to minimize organ damage caused by the inflammation and cells activated by the immune system. Our knowledge about the reparative, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs is advancing. At present, there is a very comprehensible idea on how MSCs affect the immune system, particularly in relation to the tissue and organ damage on immunological basis. Hitherto a number of effective mechanisms have been described by which MSCs influence the immune responses. These mechanisms include a secretion of soluble bioactive agents, an induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells, as well as induction of anergy and apoptosis. MSCs are thus able to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Soluble factors that are released into local microenvironment with their subsequent paracrine effects are keys to the activation. As a result, activated MSCs contribute to the restoration of damaged tissues or organs through various mechanisms facilitating reparative and regenerative processes as well as through immunomodulation itself and differentiation into the cells of the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Zachar
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Šafárik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Darina Bačenková
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Šafárik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Rosocha
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Šafárik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic
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80
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Poggi A, Giuliani M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can Regulate the Immune Response in the Tumor Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:E41. [PMID: 27834810 PMCID: PMC5192361 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a good target for therapy in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Indeed, solid tumor cells' growth and expansion can influence neighboring cells' behavior, leading to a modulation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) activities and remodeling of extracellular matrix components. This leads to an altered microenvironment, where reparative mechanisms, in the presence of sub-acute inflammation, are not able to reconstitute healthy tissue. Carcinoma cells can undergo epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key step to generate metastasis; these mesenchymal-like cells display the functional behavior of MSC. Furthermore, MSC can support the survival and growth of leukemic cells within bone marrow participating in the leukemic cell niche. Notably, MSC can inhibit the anti-tumor immune response through either carcinoma-associated fibroblasts or bone marrow stromal cells. Experimental data have indicated their relevance in regulating cytolytic effector lymphocytes of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Herein, we will discuss some of the evidence in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In particular, we will focus our attention on the means by which it is conceivable to inhibit MSC-mediated immune suppression and trigger anti-tumor innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City L-1526, Luxembourg.
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81
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Xu X, Li X, Gu X, Zhang B, Tian W, Han H, Sun P, Du C, Wang H. Prolongation of Cardiac Allograft Survival by Endometrial Regenerative Cells: Focusing on B-Cell Responses. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:778-787. [PMID: 28297571 PMCID: PMC5442781 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) have been recently evaluated as an attractive candidate source for emerging stem cell therapies in immunosuppression, but their role in immunoregulation is not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate their effects, especially on B-cell responses in heart transplantation. In this study, ERCs were noninvasively obtained from menstrual blood. Heart transplantation was performed between C57BL/6 (H-2b ) donor mice and BALB/c (H-2d ) recipients. B-cell activation and antibody levels were determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISpot. In this study, we demonstrated that ERCs negatively regulated B-cell maturation and activation in vitro without affecting their viability. ERC treatment prolonged cardiac allograft survival in mice, which was correlated with a decrease in IgM and IgG deposition and circulating antidonor antibodies, as well as with reduction in frequencies of antidonor antibody-secreting CD19+ B cells. In addition, upon ex vivo stimulation, B cells from ERC-treated heart transplant recipients had impaired proliferation capacity and produced less IgM and IgG antibody. Moreover, ERC treatment of mice receiving ovalbumin (OVA)-aluminum hydroxide vaccine resulted in significant lower numbers of anti-OVA IgG antibody-secreting splenic B cells and lower anti-OVA antibody titres. Our results indicate that therapeutic effects of ERCs may be attributed at least in part by their B-cell suppression and humoral response inhibition, suggesting the potential use of ERCs for attenuating antibody-mediated allograft rejection. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:778-787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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82
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Huang Z, Wu T, Liu AY, Ouyang G. Differentiation and transdifferentiation potentials of cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39550-63. [PMID: 26474460 PMCID: PMC4741845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells actively contribute to constructing their own microenvironment during tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The tumor microenvironment contains multiple types of stromal cells that work together with the extracellular matrix and local and systemic factors to coordinately contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Tumor cells and their stromal compartments acquire many genetic and/or epigenetic alternations to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept has been widely applied to interpreting tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, dormancy and relapse. CSCs have differentiation abilities to generate the original lineage cells that are similar to their normal stem cell counterparts. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrates that CSCs also have the potential to transdifferentiate into vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, indicating that CSCs can transdifferentiate into other lineage cells for promoting tumor growth and metastasis in some tissue contexts instead of only recruiting stromal cells from local or distant tissues. Although the transdifferentiation of CSCs into tumor stromal cells provides a new dimension that explains tumor heterogeneity, many aspects of CSC transdifferentiation remain elusive. In this review, we summarize the multi-lineage differentiation and transdifferentiation potentials of CSCs as well as discuss their potential contributions to tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Allan Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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83
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Nowakowski A, Drela K, Rozycka J, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Anti-Cancer Trojan Horse. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1513-1531. [PMID: 27460260 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy holds a great promise for the treatment of human malignancy. Among different cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as valuable anti-cancer agents that have the potential to be used to treat a number of different cancer types. They have inherent migratory properties, which allow them to serve as vehicles for delivering effective therapy to isolated tumors and metastases. MSCs have been engineered to express anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic agents that specifically target different cancers. Another field of interest is to modify MSCs with the cytokines that activate pro-tumorigenic immunity or to use them as carriers for the traditional chemical compounds that possess the properties of anti-cancer drugs. Although there is still controversy about the exact function of MSCs in the tumor settings, the encouraging results from the preclinical studies of MSC-based gene therapy for a large number of tumors support the initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rozycka
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of MR Research, Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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84
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Labovsky V, Martinez LM, Calcagno MDL, Davies KM, García-Rivello H, Wernicke A, Feldman L, Giorello MB, Matas A, Borzone FR, Howard SC, Chasseing NA. Interleukin-6 receptor in spindle-shaped stromal cells, a prognostic determinant of early breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13377-13384. [PMID: 27460086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle-shaped stromal cells, like carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, influence tumor behavior and can serve as parameters in the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of early breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the clinicopathological significance of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) receptors (Rs) 2 and 4 (TRAIL-R2 and R4), and interleukin-6 R (IL-6R) in spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, as prognostic determinants of early breast cancer patients. Receptors are able to trigger the migratory activity, among other functions, of these stromal cells. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of these receptors in spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, of primary tumors from early invasive breast cancer patients, and analyzed their association with clinicopathological characteristics. Here, we demonstrate that the elevated levels of TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R4, and IL-6R in these stromal cells were significantly associated with a higher risk of metastatic occurrence (p = 0.034, 0.026, and 0.006; respectively). Moreover, high expression of TRAIL-R4 was associated with shorter disease-free survival and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.013 and 0.019; respectively). Also, high expression of IL-6R was associated with shorter disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.003; respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-6R expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.035). This study is the first to demonstrate that high levels of IL-6R expression in spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, could be used to identify early breast cancer patients with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Labovsky
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Luján Calcagno
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Mauro Davies
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán García-Rivello
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Wernicke
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Feldman
- Departamento de Trasplante de Medula Ósea, Fundación Favaloro, Solís 443, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Matas
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scott C Howard
- University of Memphis, 3720 Alumni Ave, 38152, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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85
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Hagenhoff A, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y, von Lüttichau I, Niess H, Spitzweg C, Nelson PJ. Harnessing mesenchymal stem cell homing as an anticancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1079-92. [PMID: 27270211 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1196179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that have been exploited as vehicles for cell-based cancer therapy. The general approach is based on the innate potential of adoptively applied MSC to undergo facilitated recruitment to malignant tissue. MSC from different tissue sources have been engineered using a variety of therapy genes that have shown efficacy in solid tumor models. AREAS COVERED In this review we will focus on the current developments of MSC-based gene therapy, in particular the diverse approaches that have been used for MSCs-targeted tumor therapy. We also discuss some outstanding issues and general prospects for their clinical application. EXPERT OPINION The use of modified mesenchymal stem cells as therapy vehicles for the treatment of solid tumors has progressed to the first generation of clinical trials, but the general field is still in its infancy. There are many questions that need to be addressed if this very complex therapy approach is widely applied in clinical settings. More must be understood about the mechanisms underlying tumor tropism and we need to identify the optimal source of the cells used. Outstanding issues also include the therapy transgenes used, and which tumor types represent viable targets for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hagenhoff
- a Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Oncology Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University , Munich , Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- b Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- b Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Irene von Lüttichau
- a Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Oncology Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University , Munich , Germany
| | - Hanno Niess
- c Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- d Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- e Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
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86
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Extracellular vesicles derived from renal cancer stem cells induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in mesenchymal stromal cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7959-69. [PMID: 25797265 PMCID: PMC4480728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal carcinomas have been shown to contain a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that present self-renewing capacity and support tumor growth and metastasis. CSCs were shown to secrete large amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can transfer several molecules (proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) and induce epigenetic changes in target cells. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are susceptible to tumor signalling and can be recruited to tumor regions. The precise role of MSCs in tumor development is still under debate since both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects have been reported. In this study we analysed the participation of renal CSC-derived EVs in the interaction between tumor and MSCs. We found that CSC-derived EVs promoted persistent phenotypical changes in MSCs characterized by an increased expression of genes associated with cell migration (CXCR4, CXCR7), matrix remodeling (COL4A3), angiogenesis and tumor growth (IL-8, Osteopontin and Myeloperoxidase). EV-stimulated MSCs exhibited in vitro an enhancement of migration toward the tumor conditioned medium. Moreover, EV-stimulated MSCs enhanced migration of renal tumor cells and induced vessel-like formation. In vivo, EV-stimulated MSCs supported tumor development and vascularization, when co-injected with renal tumor cells. In conclusion, CSC-derived EVs induced phenotypical changes in MSCs that are associated with tumor growth.
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87
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Xiang J, Zheng X, Liu P, Yang L, Dong D, Wu W, Liu X, Li J, Lv Y. Decellularized spleen matrix for reengineering functional hepatic-like tissue based on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Organogenesis 2016; 12:128-142. [PMID: 27158925 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1185584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Decellularized liver matrix (DLM) hold great potential for reconstructing functional hepatic-like tissue (HLT) based on reseeding of hepatocytes or stem cells, but the shortage of liver donors is still an obstacle for potential application. Therefore, an appropriate alternative scaffold is needed to expand the donor pool. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of decellularized spleen matrix (DSM) for culturing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and promoting differentiation into hepatic-like cells. METHODS Rats' spleen were harvested for DSM preparation by freezing/thawing and perfusion procedure. Then the mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow were reseeded into DSM for dynamic culture and hepatic differentiation by a defined induction protocol. RESULTS The research found that DSM preserved a 3-dimensional porous architecture, with native extracellular matrix and vascular network which was similar to DLM. The reseeded BMSCs in DSM differentiated into functional hepatocyte-like cells, evidenced by cytomorphology change, expression of hepatic-associated genes and protein markers, glycogen storage, and indocyanine green uptake. The albumin production (2.74±0.42 vs. 2.07±0.28 pg/cell/day) and urea concentration (75.92±15.64 vs. 52.07±11.46 pg/cell/day) in DSM group were remarkably higher than tissue culture flasks (TCF) group over the same differentiation period, P< 0.05. CONCLUSION This present study demonstrated that DSM might have considerable potential in fabricating hepatic-like tissue, particularly because it can facilitate hepatic differentiation of BMSCs which exhibited higher level and more stable functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Xiang
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Xinglong Zheng
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Peng Liu
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Lifei Yang
- b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Dinghui Dong
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Wanquan Wu
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Jianhui Li
- b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Surgical Oncology , Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , China
| | - Yi Lv
- a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an , China
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88
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Vartanian A, Karshieva S, Dombrovsky V, Belyavsky A. Melanoma educates mesenchymal stromal cells towards vasculogenic mimicry. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4264-4268. [PMID: 27313776 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are recruited to the tumor, and promote tumor development and growth. The present study was performed to investigate the communication between aggressive melanoma and MSCs in vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Normal human MSCs plated on Matrigel were unable to form capillary-like structures (CLSs). By contrast, MSCs co-cultured with aggressive melanoma cell lines, namely, Mel Cher, Mel Kor and Mel P, generated CLSs. Significantly, MSCs co-cultured with poorly aggressive melanoma cells, namely, Mel Me, failed to form CLSs. To identify factors responsible for VM, the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), pro-epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor 1α on the formation of CLSs by MSCs were tested. VM was induced by the addition of VEGFA, whereas other cytokines were inefficient. To confirm the hypothesis that aggressive tumor cells can increase the vasculogenic ability of MSCs, a standard B16/F10 mouse melanoma test system was used. MSCs isolated from the adipose tissues of C57BL/6 mice with melanoma formed a vascular-like network on Matrigel, whereas MSCs from healthy mice failed to form such structures. This study provides the first direct evidence that melanoma tumors educate MSCs to engage in VM. The education may occur distantly. These findings offer promise for novel therapeutic directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Vartanian
- Department of Experimental Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Tumors, Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Saida Karshieva
- Laboratory of Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladislav Dombrovsky
- Department of Experimental Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Tumors, Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Alexander Belyavsky
- Laboratory of Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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89
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Vittori M, Breznik B, Gredar T, Hrovat K, Bizjak Mali L, Lah TT. Imaging of human glioblastoma cells and their interactions with mesenchymal stem cells in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic brain. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:159-67. [PMID: 27247548 PMCID: PMC4852964 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attractive approach in the study of human cancers is the use of transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, which enable the visualization of cancer progression in a living animal. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implanted mixtures of fluorescently labeled glioblastoma (GBM) cells and bonemarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into zebrafish embryos to study the cellular pathways of their invasion and the interactions between these cells in vivo. RESULTS By developing and applying a carbocyanine-dye-compatible clearing protocol for observation of cells in deep tissues, we showed that U87 and U373 GBM cells rapidly aggregated into tumor masses in the ventricles and midbrain hemispheres of the zebrafish embryo brain, and invaded the central nervous system, often using the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord. However, the GBM cells did not leave the central nervous system. With co-injection of differentially labeled cultured GBM cells and MSCs, the implanted cells formed mixed tumor masses in the brain. We observed tight associations between GBM cells and MSCs, and possible cell-fusion events. GBM cells and MSCs used similar invasion routes in the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS This simple model can be used to study the molecular pathways of cellular processes in GBM cell invasion, and their interactions with various types of stromal cells in double or triple cell co-cultures, to design anti-GBM cell therapies that use MSCs as vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tajda Gredar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Lilijana Bizjak Mali
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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90
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Takiguchi G, Nishita M, Kurita K, Kakeji Y, Minami Y. Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in mesenchymal stem cells promotes proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating CXCL16-CXCR6 axis. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:290-7. [PMID: 26708384 PMCID: PMC4814243 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a‐Ror2 signaling has been shown to play important roles in promoting aggressiveness of various cancer cells in a cell‐autonomous manner. However, little is known about its function in cancer‐associated stromal cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thus, we examined the role of Wnt5a‐Ror2 signaling in bone marrow‐derived MSCs in regulating proliferation of undifferentiated gastric cancer cells. Coculture of a gastric cancer cell line, MKN45, with MSCs either directly or indirectly promotes proliferation of MKN45 cells, and suppressed expression of Ror2 in MSCs prior to coculture inhibits enhanced proliferation of MKN45 cells. In addition, conditioned media from MSCs, treated with control siRNA, but not siRNAs against Ror2, can enhance proliferation of MKN45 cells. Interestingly, it was found that expression of CXCL16 in MSCs is augmented by Wnt5a‐Ror2 signaling, and that recombinant chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL)16 protein can enhance proliferation of MKN45 cells in the absence of MSCs. In fact, suppressed expression of CXCL16 in MSCs or an addition of a neutralizing antibody against CXCL16 fails to promote proliferation of MKN45 cells in either direct or indirect coculture with MSCs. Importantly, we show that MKN45 cells express chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor (CXCR)6, a receptor for CXCL16, and that suppressed expression of CXCR6 in MKN45 cells results in a failure of its enhanced proliferation in either direct or indirect coculture with MSCs. These findings indicate that Wnt5a‐Ror2 signaling enhances expression of CXCL16 in MSCs and, as a result, enhanced secretion of CXCL16 from MSCs might act on CXCR6 expressed on MKN45, leading to the promotion of its proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosuke Takiguchi
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kana Kurita
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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91
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Alghamdi S, Khan I, Beeravolu N, McKee C, Thibodeau B, Wilson G, Chaudhry GR. BET protein inhibitor JQ1 inhibits growth and modulates WNT signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:22. [PMID: 26830473 PMCID: PMC4736146 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs are traditionally studied using cancer cell lines and animal models. The thienodiazepine class of BET inhibitors, such as JQ1, has been extensively studied for the potential treatment of hematological malignancies and several small molecules belonging to this class are currently under clinical investigation. While these compounds are well known to inhibit cancer cell growth and cause apoptosis, their effects on stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are important for regeneration of damaged cells and tissues, are unknown. In this study we employed umbilical cord derived MSCs as a model system to evaluate the safety of JQ1. METHODS Cord derived MSCs were treated with various doses of JQ1 and subjected to cell metabolic activity, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses using MTT assay, Annexin-V/FITC and PI staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of JQ1 on gene expression was determined using microarray and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, protein expression of apoptotic and neuronal markers was carried out using western blot and immunostaining, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that JQ1 inhibited cell growth and caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase but did not induce apoptosis or senescence. JQ1 also down-regulated genes involved in self-renewal, cell cycle, DNA replication, and mitosis, which may have negative implications on the regenerative potential of MSCs. In addition, JQ1 interfered with signaling pathways by down regulating the expression of WNT, resulting in limiting the self-renewal. These results suggest that anticancer agents belonging to the thienodiazepine class of BET inhibitors should be carefully evaluated before their use in cancer therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that JQ1 adversely affected MSCs, which are important for repair and regeneration. JQ1 specifically modulated signal transduction and inhibited growth as well as self-renewal. These findings suggest that perinatal MSCs could be used to supplement animal models for investigating the safety of anticancer agents and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Irfan Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Naimisha Beeravolu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | | | - George Wilson
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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92
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Richichi B, Comito G, Renaudet O, Fiore M, Marra A, Stecca B, Pasquato L, Chiarugi P, Nativi C. Role of a Preorganized Scaffold Presenting Four Residues of a GM-3 Lactone Mimetic on Melanoma Progression. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:28-33. [PMID: 26819661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two tetravalent architectures, the glycocalix 7 and the RAFT 9, presenting four residues of a GM-3 ganglioside lactone mimetic, target the host compartment of melanoma and significantly abrogate the effect induced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contact + hypoxia in the motility and invasiveness of tumor cells. The data reported support the involvement of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in hypoxia and show an interesting role played by compound 9 in targeting melanoma cells thereby interfering with melanoma progression. The unprecedented findings reported for the glycocluster 9 may contribute to the understanding of the critical and complex interactions between tumor cells and their local environment paving the way for new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Richichi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Comito
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry, Human
Health Medical School, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, and CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michele Fiore
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, and CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - B. Stecca
- Core Research
Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - L. Pasquato
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - P. Chiarugi
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry, Human
Health Medical School, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - C. Nativi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
- FiorGen, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, via Sacconi, 6 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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93
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Moses BS, Slone WL, Thomas P, Evans R, Piktel D, Angel PM, Walsh CM, Cantrell PS, Rellick SL, Martin KH, Simpkins JW, Gibson LF. Bone marrow microenvironment modulation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia phenotype. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:50-9.e1-2. [PMID: 26407636 PMCID: PMC4684957 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimens have dramatically improved the survival of ALL patients. However, chemoresistant minimal residual disease that persists following cessation of therapy contributes to aggressive relapse. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is an established "site of sanctuary" for ALL, as well as myeloid-lineage hematopoietic disease, with signals in this unique anatomic location contributing to drug resistance. Several models have been developed to recapitulate the interactions between the BMM and ALL cells. However, many in vitro models fail to accurately reflect the level of protection afforded to the most resistant subset of leukemic cells during coculture with BMM elements. Preclinical in vivo models have advantages, but can be costly, and are often not fully informed by optimal in vitro studies. We describe an innovative extension of 2-D coculture wherein ALL cells uniquely interact with bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Tumor cells in this model bury beneath primary human bone marrow-derived stromal cells or osteoblasts, termed "phase dim" ALL, and exhibit a unique phenotype characterized by altered metabolism, distinct protein expression profiles, increased quiescence, and pronounced chemotherapy resistance. Investigation focused on the phase dim subpopulation may more efficiently inform preclinical design and investigation of the minimal residual disease and relapse that arise from BMM-supported leukemic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S Moses
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - William L Slone
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Debbie Piktel
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | | | | | | | - Stephanie L Rellick
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Karen H Martin
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Laura F Gibson
- Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program of the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morganstown, WV.
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94
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Iser IC, Ceschini SM, Onzi GR, Bertoni APS, Lenz G, Wink MR. Conditioned Medium from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Like Transition (EMT-Like) in Glioma Cells In vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:7184-7199. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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95
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Yeung P, Sin HS, Chan S, Chan GCF, Chan BP. Microencapsulation of Neuroblastoma Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Collagen Microspheres: A 3D Model for Cancer Cell Niche Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144139. [PMID: 26657086 PMCID: PMC4682120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend for researchers to use in vitro 3D models in cancer studies, as they can better recapitulate the complex in vivo situation. And the fact that the progression and development of tumor are closely associated to its stromal microenvironment has been increasingly recognized. The establishment of such tumor supportive niche is vital in understanding tumor progress and metastasis. The mesenchymal origin of many cells residing in the cancer niche provides the rationale to include MSCs in mimicking the niche in neuroblastoma. Here we co-encapsulate and co-culture NBCs and MSCs in a 3D in vitro model and investigate the morphology, growth kinetics and matrix remodeling in the reconstituted stromal environment. Results showed that the incorporation of MSCs in the model lead to accelerated growth of cancer cells as well as recapitulation of at least partially the tumor microenvironment in vivo. The current study therefore demonstrates the feasibility for the collagen microsphere to act as a 3D in vitro cancer model for various topics in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yeung
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hoi Shun Sin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail:
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96
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Raffaghello L, Vacca A, Pistoia V, Ribatti D. Cancer associated fibroblasts in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2589-603. [PMID: 25474039 PMCID: PMC4413603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. In hematological malignancies, the bone marrow represents the paradigmatic anatomical site in which tumor microenvironment expresses its morphofunctional features. Among the cells participating in the composition of this microenvironment, cancer associated fibrobasts (CAFs) have received less attention in hematopoietic tumors compared to solid cancers. In this review article, we discuss the involvement of CAFs in progression of hematological malignancies and the potential targeting of CAFs in a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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97
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Veiseh M, Leith SJ, Tolg C, Elhayek SS, Bahrami SB, Collis L, Hamilton S, McCarthy JB, Bissell MJ, Turley E. Uncovering the dual role of RHAMM as an HA receptor and a regulator of CD44 expression in RHAMM-expressing mesenchymal progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:63. [PMID: 26528478 PMCID: PMC4606125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of hyaluronan (HA) with mesenchymal progenitor cells impacts trafficking and fate after tissue colonization during wound repair and these events contribute to diseases such as cancer. How this interaction occurs is poorly understood. Using 10T½ cells as a mesenchymal progenitor model and fluorescent (F-HA) or gold-labeled HA (G-HA) polymers, we studied the role of two HA receptors, RHAMM and CD44, in HA binding and uptake in non-adherent and adherent mesenchymal progenitor (10T½) cells to mimic aspects of cell trafficking and tissue colonization. We show that fluorescent labeled HA (F-HA) binding/uptake was high in non-adherent cells but dropped over time as cells became increasingly adherent. Non-adherent cells displayed both CD44 and RHAMM but only function-blocking anti-RHAMM and not anti-CD44 antibodies significantly reduced F-HA binding/uptake. Adherent cells, which also expressed CD44 and RHAMM, primarily utilized CD44 to bind to F-HA since anti-CD44 but not anti-RHAMM antibodies blocked F-HA uptake. RHAMM overexpression in adherent 10T½ cells led to increased F-HA uptake but this increased binding remained CD44 dependent. Further studies showed that RHAMM-transfection increased CD44 mRNA and protein expression while blocking RHAMM function reduced expression. Collectively, these results suggest that cellular microenvironments in which these receptors function as HA binding proteins differ significantly, and that RHAMM plays at least two roles in F-HA binding by acting as an HA receptor in non-attached cells and by regulating CD44 expression and display in attached cells. Our findings demonstrate adhesion-dependent mechanisms governing HA binding/ uptake that may impact development of new mesenchymal cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Veiseh
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA ; Palo Alto Research Center (a Xerox Company) Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sean J Leith
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Sallie S Elhayek
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - S Bahram Bahrami
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Collis
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Hamilton
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Turley
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
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98
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Iskender B, Izgi K, Sakalar C, Canatan H. Priming hMSCs with a putative anti-cancer compound, myrtucommulone-a: a way to harness hMSC cytokine expression via modulating PI3K/Akt pathway? Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1967-81. [PMID: 26334623 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment is a key factor for cancer growth and metastasis. Tumour surrounding tissue is known to include high number of mesenchymal stem cells which have been thought to have a role in regulating cancer cell behaviour via paracrine signalling. Therefore, modulating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) secretome is highly significant for controlling and treating disease. Since common therapeutic agents are known to enhance cancer resistance, there is a strong urge to define novel agents for developing cell-based therapies. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the effect of active compounds, myrtucommulone-A (MC-A) and thymoquinone (TQ), on hMSC cytokine expression. Our data revealed that MC-A treatment have significantly altered cytokine expression in hMSCs. Upon MC-A treatment, hMSCs decreased the expression levels of various cytokines including TNF-α, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and FGF-2. hMSC conditioned medium (CM) primed with MC-A decreased the proliferation, migration ability and clonogenicity of bladder cancer cells and breast cancer cells in comparison to non-primed hMSC medium and hMSC medium primed with TQ. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report showing the effects of active compounds, MC-A and TQ, on hMSCs and therefore valuable for highlighting the potential use of active compounds in combination with hMSCs for cell-based targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iskender
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Izgi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cagri Sakalar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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99
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Li W, Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang T, Zhao S, Zheng P, Huo J, Wu H. Gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells prompt gastric cancer progression through secretion of interleukin-8. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:52. [PMID: 25986392 PMCID: PMC4443537 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been identified to be closely associated with tumor growth and progression. However, the roles of tumor-resident MSCs in cancer have not been thoroughly clarified. This study was to investigate the regulating effect of gastric cancer-derived MSCs (GC-MSCs) on gastric cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods GC-MSCs were isolated from primary human gastric cancer tissues and characterized. The effect of GC-MSCs on gastric cancer cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and colony formation assay. Transwell migration assay was performed to evaluate the influence of GC-MSCs in gastric cancer cell migration. The regulating effects of interactions between gastric cancer cells and GC-MSCs on their pro-angiogenic abilities were analyzed in a co-culture system, with the expression, and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors detected by RT-PCR and Luminex assay. Tube formation assay was used to further validate the angiogenic capability of gastric cancer cells or GC-MSCs. Cytokine profiles in the supernatant of GC-MSCs were screened by Luminex assay and neutralizing antibody was used to identify the key effective cytokines. The activations of Akt and Erk1/2 in gastric caner cells were detected by Western blot. Results GC-MSC treatment enhanced the proliferation and migration of BGC-823 and MKN-28 cells, which was more potently than MSCs from adjacent non-cancerous tissues (GCN-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs). Higher expression levels of pro-angiogenic factors were detected in GC-MSCs than GCN-MSCs or BM-MSCs. After 10 % GC-MSC-CM treatment, BGC-823, and MKN-28 cells expressed increased levels of pro-angiogenic factors and facilitated tube formation more potently than cancer cells alone. Furthermore, GC-MSCs produced an extremely higher level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) than GCN-MSCs or BM-MSCs. Blockade of IL-8 by neutralizing antibody significantly attenuated the tumor-promoting effect of GC-MSCs. In addition, 10 % CM of IL-8-secreted GC-MSCs induced the activations of Akt or Erk1/2 pathway in BGC-823 and MKN-28 cells. Conclusion Tumor-resident GC-MSCs promote gastric cancer growth and progression more efficiently than GCN-MSCs or BM-MSCs through a considerable secretion of IL-8, which could be a possible target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China. .,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Shaolin Zhao
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Juan Huo
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Huiyi Wu
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
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100
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Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplantation May Enhance or Inhibit 4T1 Murine Breast Adenocarcinoma through Different Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:796215. [PMID: 26000020 PMCID: PMC4427122 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) aiming to treat cancer has shown very contradictory results. In an attempt to clarify the contradictory results reported in the literature and the possible role of human fallopian tube Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (htMSCs) against breast cancer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of htMSCs in murine mammary adenocarcinoma using two different approaches: (1) coinjections of htMSCs and 4T1 murine tumor cell lineage and (2) injections of htMSCs in mice at the initial stage of mammary adenocarcinoma development. Coinjected animals had a more severe course of the disease and a reduced survival, while tumor-bearing animals treated with 2 intraperitoneal injections of 106 htMSCs showed significantly reduced tumor growth and increased lifespan as compared with control animals. Coculture of htMSCs and 4T1 tumor cells revealed an increase in IL-8 and MCP-1 and decreased VEGF production. For the first time, we show that MSCs isolated from a single source and donor when injected in the same animal model and tumor can lead to opposite results depending on the experimental protocol. Also, our results demonstrated that htMSCs can have an inhibitory effect on the development of murine mammary adenocarcinoma.
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