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Zhao HX, Huang YX, Tao JG. ST1926 Attenuates Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation Response. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2072-2086. [PMID: 27918081 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Weihui City Henan 453100 China
| | - Yuan-xia Huang
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Weihui City Henan 453100 China
| | - Jin-gang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Weihui City Henan 453100 China
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Calabrese GM, Mesner LD, Stains JP, Tommasini SM, Horowitz MC, Rosen CJ, Farber CR. Integrating GWAS and Co-expression Network Data Identifies Bone Mineral Density Genes SPTBN1 and MARK3 and an Osteoblast Functional Module. Cell Syst 2017; 4:46-59.e4. [PMID: 27866947 PMCID: PMC5269473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable predictor of osteoporotic fracture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMD have identified dozens of associations; yet, the genes responsible for most associations remain elusive. Here, we used a bone co-expression network to predict causal genes at BMD GWAS loci based on the premise that genes underlying a disease are often functionally related and functionally related genes are often co-expressed. By mapping genes implicated by BMD GWAS onto a bone co-expression network, we predicted and inferred the function of causal genes for 30 of 64 GWAS loci. We experimentally confirmed that two of the genes predicted to be causal, SPTBN1 and MARK3, are potentially responsible for the effects of GWAS loci on chromosomes 2p16.2 and 14q32.32, respectively. This approach provides a roadmap for the dissection of additional BMD GWAS associations. Furthermore, it should be applicable to GWAS data for a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Nielson CM, Liu CT, Smith AV, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Reppe S, Jakobsdottir J, Wassel C, Register TC, Oei L, Alonso N, Oei EH, Parimi N, Samelson EJ, Nalls MA, Zmuda J, Lang T, Bouxsein M, Latourelle J, Claussnitzer M, Siggeirsdottir K, Srikanth P, Lorentzen E, Vandenput L, Langefeld C, Raffield L, Terry G, Cox AJ, Allison MA, Criqui MH, Bowden D, Ikram MA, Mellstrom D, Karlsson MK, Carr J, Budoff M, Phillips C, Cupples LA, Chou WC, Myers RH, Ralston SH, Gautvik KM, Cawthon PM, Cummings S, Karasik D, Rivadeneira F, Gudnason V, Orwoll ES, Harris TB, Ohlsson C, Kiel DP, Hsu YH. Novel Genetic Variants Associated With Increased Vertebral Volumetric BMD, Reduced Vertebral Fracture Risk, and Increased Expression of SLC1A3 and EPHB2. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2085-2097. [PMID: 27476799 PMCID: PMC5477772 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed numerous loci for areal bone mineral density (aBMD). We completed the first GWAS meta-analysis (n = 15,275) of lumbar spine volumetric BMD (vBMD) measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), allowing for examination of the trabecular bone compartment. SNPs that were significantly associated with vBMD were also examined in two GWAS meta-analyses to determine associations with morphometric vertebral fracture (n = 21,701) and clinical vertebral fracture (n = 5893). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses of iliac crest biopsies were performed in 84 postmenopausal women, and murine osteoblast expression of genes implicated by eQTL or by proximity to vBMD-associated SNPs was examined. We identified significant vBMD associations with five loci, including: 1p36.12, containing WNT4 and ZBTB40; 8q24, containing TNFRSF11B; and 13q14, containing AKAP11 and TNFSF11. Two loci (5p13 and 1p36.12) also contained associations with radiographic and clinical vertebral fracture, respectively. In 5p13, rs2468531 (minor allele frequency [MAF] = 3%) was associated with higher vBMD (β = 0.22, p = 1.9 × 10-8 ) and decreased risk of radiographic vertebral fracture (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75; false discovery rate [FDR] p = 0.01). In 1p36.12, rs12742784 (MAF = 21%) was associated with higher vBMD (β = 0.09, p = 1.2 × 10-10 ) and decreased risk of clinical vertebral fracture (OR = 0.82; FDR p = 7.4 × 10-4 ). Both SNPs are noncoding and were associated with increased mRNA expression levels in human bone biopsies: rs2468531 with SLC1A3 (β = 0.28, FDR p = 0.01, involved in glutamate signaling and osteogenic response to mechanical loading) and rs12742784 with EPHB2 (β = 0.12, FDR p = 1.7 × 10-3 , functions in bone-related ephrin signaling). Both genes are expressed in murine osteoblasts. This is the first study to link SLC1A3 and EPHB2 to clinically relevant vertebral osteoporosis phenotypes. These results may help elucidate vertebral bone biology and novel approaches to reducing vertebral fracture incidence. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Nielson
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christina Wassel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ling Oei
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Edwin H Oei
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeta Parimi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Samelson
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Priya Srikanth
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Erik Lorentzen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Laura Raffield
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Greg Terry
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Criqui
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Don Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Mellstrom
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Clinical Sciences, Malmo University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - John Carr
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Phillips
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Division of Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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54
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Li XJ, Zhu Z, Han SL, Zhang ZL. Bergapten exerts inhibitory effects on diabetes-related osteoporosis via the regulation of the PI3K/AKT, JNK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in osteoprotegerin knockout mice. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1661-1672. [PMID: 27840967 PMCID: PMC5117769 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, as a serious metobolic disorder, poses global threat to human health. It is estimated that over 50 million individuals are already affected by diabetes. Currently, diabetes-related osteoporosis has been a research hotspot due to its high incidence rate in older individuals. Osteoprotegerin, as an important protein for the prevention of osteoporosis, has been proven to be key to the suppression of osteoporosis. Hence, the loss of function of osteoprotegerin may promote the development of osteoporosis. Bergapten, as a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent isolated from bergamot essential oil, other citrus essential oils, and grapefruit juice, has been proven to have the ability to attenuate a number of metabolic disorders. In view of these findings, in this study, we used a high-fat diet to construct a mouse model of diabetes-related osteoporosis and a mouse model of diabetes-related osteoporosis using osteoprotegerin knockout mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), qPCR, western blot analysis, immunohistochemical assay, H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, Masson's staining and other biochemical analyses were used to evaluate the related signaling pathways involved in the development of diabetes-related osteoporosis. We also examined the role of osteoprotegerin in the activation of these pathways and in the development of osteoporosis, as well as the protective effects of bergapten against diabetes-related osteoporosis and on the activation of related signaling pathways. Our results revealed that in diabetes-related osteoporosis, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were activated and the expression levels of related indicators were increased. At the same time, osteoprotegerin knockout further promoted the activation of these pathways. By contrast, bergapten exerted effects similar to those of osteoprotegerin. Bergapten exhibited the ability to significantly inhibit RANKL-RANK signaling transduction, and to suppress the activation of the PI3K/AKT, JNK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, thus protecting trabecular structure and decreasing osteoclastogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Si-Lin Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Long Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
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Abstract
Background It is useful to incorporate biological knowledge on the role of genetic determinants in predicting an outcome. It is, however, not always feasible to fully elicit this information when the number of determinants is large. We present an approach to overcome this difficulty. First, using half of the available data, a shortlist of potentially interesting determinants are generated. Second, binary indications of biological importance are elicited for this much smaller number of determinants. Third, an analysis is carried out on this shortlist using the second half of the data. Results We show through simulations that, compared with adaptive lasso, this approach leads to models containing more biologically relevant variables, while the prediction mean squared error (PMSE) is comparable or even reduced. We also apply our approach to bone mineral density data, and again final models contain more biologically relevant variables and have reduced PMSEs. Conclusion Our method leads to comparable or improved predictive performance, and models with greater face validity and interpretability with feasible incorporation of biological knowledge into predictive models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1210-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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56
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Chen YC, Guo YF, He H, Lin X, Wang XF, Zhou R, Li WT, Pan DY, Shen J, Deng HW. Integrative Analysis of Genomics and Transcriptome Data to Identify Potential Functional Genes of BMDs in Females. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1041-9. [PMID: 26748680 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is known to be highly heritable. However, to date, the findings from more than 20 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have explained less than 6% of genetic risks. Studies suggest that the missing heritability data may be because of joint effects among genes. To identify novel heritability for osteoporosis, we performed a system-level study on bone mineral density (BMD) by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), using the largest GWAS data set for BMD in the field, Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium (GEFOS-2), and a transcriptomic gene expression data set generated from transiliac bone biopsies in women. A weighted gene coexpression network was generated for 1574 genes with GWAS nominal evidence of association (p ≤ 0.05) based on dissimilarity measurement on the expression data. Twelve distinct gene modules were identified, and four modules showed nominally significant associations with BMD (p ≤ 0.05), but only one module, the yellow module, demonstrated a good correlation between module membership (MM) and gene significance (GS), suggesting that the yellow module serves an important biological role in bone regulation. Interestingly, through characterization of module content and topology, the yellow module was found to be significantly enriched with contractile fiber part (GO:044449), which is widely recognized as having a close relationship between muscle and bone. Furthermore, detailed submodule analyses of important candidate genes (HOMER1, SPTBN1) by all edges within the yellow module implied significant enrichment of functional connections between bone and cytoskeletal protein binding. Our study yielded novel information from system genetics analyses of GWAS data jointly with transcriptomic data. The findings highlighted a module and several genes in the model as playing important roles in the regulation of bone mass in females, which may yield novel insights into the genetic basis of osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Cheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-Fang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Institute of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao He
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xia-Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rou Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dao-Yan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Reppe S, Datta H, Gautvik KM. The Influence of DNA Methylation on Bone Cells. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:384-92. [PMID: 27019613 PMCID: PMC4765525 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150817202913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation in eukaryotes invokes heritable alterations of the of the cytosine base in DNA without changing the underlying genomic DNA sequence. DNA methylation may be modified by environmental exposures as well as gene polymorphisms and may be a mechanistic link between environmental risk factors and the development of disease. In this review, we consider the role of DNA methylation in bone cells (osteoclasts/osteoblasts/osteocytes) and their progenitors with special focus on in vitro and ex vivo analyses. The number of studies on DNA methylation in bone cells is still somewhat limited, nevertheless it is getting increasingly clear that this type of the epigenetic changes is a critical regulator of gene expression. DNA methylation is necessary for proper development and function of bone cells and is accompanied by disease characteristic functional alterations as presently reviewed including postmenopausal osteoporosis and mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway; ; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway;; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harish Datta
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway;; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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58
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He H, Cao S, Niu T, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Zeng Y, Zhu W, Wang YP, Deng HW. Network-Based Meta-Analyses of Associations of Multiple Gene Expression Profiles with Bone Mineral Density Variations in Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147475. [PMID: 26808152 PMCID: PMC4726665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing microarray studies of bone mineral density (BMD) have been critical for understanding the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, and have identified a number of candidate genes. However, these studies were limited by their relatively small sample sizes and were usually analyzed individually. Here, we propose a novel network-based meta-analysis approach that combines data across six microarray studies to identify functional modules from human protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, and highlight several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a functional module that may play an important role in BMD regulation in women. Methods Expression profiling studies were identified by searching PubMed, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress. Two meta-analysis methods were applied across different gene expression profiling studies. The first, a nonparametric Fisher’s method, combined p-values from individual experiments to identify genes with large effect sizes. The second method combined effect sizes from individual datasets into a meta-effect size to gain a higher precision of effect size estimation across all datasets. Genes with Q test’s p-values < 0.05 or I2 values > 50% were assessed by a random effects model and the remainder by a fixed effects model. Using Fisher’s combined p-values, functional modules were identified through an integrated analysis of microarray data in the context of large protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Two previously published meta-analysis studies of genome-wide association (GWA) datasets were used to determine whether these module genes were genetically associated with BMD. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with a hypergeometric test. Results Six gene expression datasets were identified, which included a total of 249 (129 high BMD and 120 low BMD) female subjects. Using a network-based meta-analysis, a consensus module containing 58 genes (nodes) and 83 edges was detected. Pathway enrichment analysis of the 58 module genes revealed that these genes were enriched in several important KEGG pathways including Osteoclast differentiation, B cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway and Insulin signaling pathway. The importance of module genes was replicated by demonstrating that most module genes were genetically associated with BMD in the GWAS data sets. Meta-analyses were performed at the individual gene level by combining p-values and effect sizes. Five candidate genes (ESR1, MAP3K3, PYGM, RAC1 and SYK) were identified based on gene expression meta-analysis, and their associations with BMD were also replicated by two BMD meta-analysis studies. Conclusions In summary, our network-based meta-analysis not only identified important differentially expressed genes but also discovered biologically meaningful functional modules for BMD determination. Our study may provide novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shaolong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tianhua Niu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yong Zeng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yu-ping Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hong-wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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59
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Formosa MM, Xuereb-Anastasi A. Biochemical Predictors of Low Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Susceptibility in Maltese Postmenopausal Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:28-41. [PMID: 26400554 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and fractures are complex conditions influenced by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the study was to investigate three biochemical parameters including total serum calcium, total serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) and albumin in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN), and with all-type of low-trauma fractures in Maltese postmenopausal women. Levels were also correlated with age and physical activity. A case-control study of 1045 women was performed. Women who suffered a fracture were classified as cases whereas women without a fracture history were included as controls subdivided into normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic according to their BMD measurements. Blood specimens were collected following good standard practice and testing was performed by spectrophotometry. Calcium and sALP levels were weakly correlated with FN BMD levels (calcium: r = -0.111, p = 0.002; sALP: r = 0.089, p = 0.013). Fracture cases had the lowest serum levels of calcium, sALP and albumin relative to all other control groups, which decreased with increasing age, possibly increasing fracture risk. Biochemical levels were lowest in women who sustained a hip fracture and more than one fracture. Biochemical parameters decreased with reduced physical activity; however, this was most evident for fracture cases. Reduced physical activity was associated with lower BMD levels at the hip, and to a lower extent at the spine. In conclusion, results suggest that levels of serum calcium and albumin could be indicative of fracture risk, whereas calcium levels and to lower extent sALP levels could be indicators of hip BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Block A, Level 1, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - Angela Xuereb-Anastasi
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Block A, Level 1, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
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Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144531. [PMID: 26695485 PMCID: PMC4687843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD by leveraging cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated disorders and metabolic traits. By conditioning on SNPs associated with the CVD-related phenotypes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and waist hip ratio, we identified 65 novel independent BMD loci (26 with femoral neck BMD and 47 with lumbar spine BMD) at conditional FDR < 0.01. Many of the loci were confirmed in genetic expression studies. Genes validated at the mRNA levels were characteristic for the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage, Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism. The results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms of variability in BMD, and a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of clinical comorbidity.
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61
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang N, Wu S, Lv Y, Xu L. In silico analysis of the molecular mechanism of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6584-90. [PMID: 26329309 PMCID: PMC4626159 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) is a common disease in females >50 years of age worldwide and is becoming an increasing burden to society. The present study aimed to assess the molecular mechanism of PO using bioinformatic methods. The gene expression data from patients with PO and normal controls were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database provided by European Bioinformatics Institute. Following the screening of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Limma package in R language, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online tools. Sequentially, modulators of the DEGs, including transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs, were predicted by the ChIP Enrichment Analysis databases and WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit system, respectively. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was constructed via the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes and then the functional modules were further analyzed via the cluster-Maker package and The Biological Networks Gene Ontology package within the Cytoscape software. A total of 482 DEGs, including 279 upregulated and 203 downregulated DEGs, were screened out. DEGs were predominantly enriched in the pathways of fatty acid metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction and DNA replication. TFs, including SMAD4, in addition to microRNAs, including the microRNA-125 (miR-125) family, miR-331 and miR-24, may be the modulators of the DEGs in PO. In addition, the five largest modules were identified with TTN, L1G1, ACADM, UQCRC2 and TRIM63 as the hub proteins, and they were associated with the biological processes of muscle contraction, DNA replication initiation, lipid modification, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, and regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process, respectively. SMAD4, CACNG1 and TRIM63 are suggested to be important factors in the molecular mechanisms of PO, and miR-331 may be novel potential biomarker for PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yueqiu Wang
- Department of Joint Brach, Jining No. 2 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Nailong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Suning Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Lv
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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62
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Reppe S, Noer A, Grimholt RM, Halldórsson BV, Medina-Gomez C, Gautvik VT, Olstad OK, Berg JP, Datta H, Estrada K, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Lyle R, Collas P, Gautvik KM. Methylation of bone SOST, its mRNA, and serum sclerostin levels correlate strongly with fracture risk in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:249-56. [PMID: 25155887 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of sclerostin, a glycoprotein secreted by osteocytes, offers a new therapeutic paradigm for treatment of osteoporosis (OP) through its critical role as Wnt/catenin signaling regulator. This study describes the epigenetic regulation of SOST expression in bone biopsies of postmenopausal women. We correlated serum sclerostin to bone mineral density (BMD), fractures, and bone remodeling parameters, and related these findings to epigenetic and genetic disease mechanisms. Serum sclerostin and bone remodeling biomarkers were measured in two postmenopausal groups: healthy (BMD T-score > -1) and established OP (BMD T-score < -2.5, with at least one low-energy fracture). Bone specimens were used to analyze SOST mRNAs, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and DNA methylation changes. The SOST gene promoter region showed increased CpG methylation in OP patients (n = 4) compared to age and body mass index (BMI) balanced controls (n = 4) (80.5% versus 63.2%, p = 0.0001) with replication in independent cohorts (n = 27 and n = 36, respectively). Serum sclerostin and bone SOST mRNA expression correlated positively with age-adjusted and BMI-adjusted total hip BMD (r = 0.47 and r = 0.43, respectively; both p < 0.0005), and inversely to serum bone turnover markers. Five SNPs, one of which replicates in an independent population-based genomewide association study (GWAS), showed association with serum sclerostin or SOST mRNA levels under an additive model (p = 0.0016 to 0.0079). Genetic and epigenetic changes in SOST influence its bone mRNA expression and serum sclerostin levels in postmenopausal women. The observations suggest that increased SOST promoter methylation seen in OP is a compensatory counteracting mechanism, which lowers serum sclerostin concentrations and reduces inhibition of Wnt signaling in an attempt to promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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63
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Jin H, Wang B, Li J, Xie W, Mao Q, Li S, Dong F, Sun Y, Ke HZ, Babij P, Tong P, Chen D. Anti-DKK1 antibody promotes bone fracture healing through activation of β-catenin signaling. Bone 2015; 71:63-75. [PMID: 25263522 PMCID: PMC4376475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated if Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mesenchymal progenitor cells plays a role in bone fracture repair and if DKK1-Ab promotes fracture healing through activation of β-catenin signaling. Unilateral open transverse tibial fractures were created in CD1 mice and in β-catenin(Prx1ER) conditional knockout (KO) and Cre-negative control mice (C57BL/6 background). Bone fracture callus tissues were collected and analyzed by radiography, micro-CT (μCT), histology, biomechanical testing and gene expression analysis. The results demonstrated that treatment with DKK1-Ab promoted bone callus formation and increased mechanical strength during the fracture healing process in CD1 mice. DKK1-Ab enhanced fracture repair by activation of endochondral ossification. The normal rate of bone repair was delayed when the β-catenin gene was conditionally deleted in mesenchymal progenitor cells during the early stages of fracture healing. DKK1-Ab appeared to act through β-catenin signaling to enhance bone repair since the beneficial effect of DKK1-Ab was abrogated in β-catenin(Prx1ER) conditional KO mice. Further understanding of the signaling mechanism of DKK1-Ab in bone formation and bone regeneration may facilitate the clinical translation of this anabolic agent into therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanqing Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fuqiang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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64
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Kwan JSH, Hsu YH, Cheung CL, Dupuis J, Saint-Pierre A, Eriksson J, Handelman SK, Aragaki A, Karasik D, Pramstaller PP, Kooperberg C, Lacroix AZ, Larson MG, Lau KS, Lorentzon M, Pichler I, Sham PC, Taliun D, Vandenput L, Kiel DP, Hicks AA, Jackson RD, Ohlsson C, Benjamin EJ, Kung AWC. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies two loci associated with circulating osteoprotegerin levels. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6684-93. [PMID: 25080503 PMCID: PMC4240210 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is involved in bone homeostasis and tumor cell survival. Circulating OPG levels are also important biomarkers of various clinical traits, such as cancers and atherosclerosis. OPG levels were measured in serum or in plasma. In a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 10 336 individuals from European and Asian origin, we discovered that variants >100 kb upstream of the TNFRSF11B gene encoding OPG and another new locus on chromosome 17q11.2 were significantly associated with OPG variation. We also identified a suggestive locus on chromosome 14q21.2 associated with the trait. Moreover, we estimated that over half of the heritability of OPG levels could be explained by all variants examined in our study. Our findings provide further insight into the genetic regulation of circulating OPG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA, Program of Quantitative Genomics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, BROAD Institute of the MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Josée Dupuis
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, MA, USA, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aude Saint-Pierre
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, INSERM U1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Brest, France
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Aaron Aragaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Z Lacroix
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, MA, USA, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irene Pichler
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Taliun
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA, BROAD Institute of the MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, MA, USA, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA and
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65
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Twine NA, Chen L, Pang CN, Wilkins MR, Kassem M. Identification of differentiation-stage specific markers that define the ex vivo osteoblastic phenotype. Bone 2014; 67:23-32. [PMID: 24984278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype of osteoblastic (OB) cells in culture is currently defined using a limited number of markers of low sensitivity and specificity. For the clinical use of human skeletal (stromal, mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSC) in therapy, there is also a need to identify a set of gene markers that predict in vivo bone forming capacity. Thus, we used RNA sequencing to examine changes in expression for a set of skeletally-related genes across 8 time points between 0 and 12days of ex vivo OB differentiation of hMSC. We identified 123 genes showing significant temporal expression change. Hierarchical clustering and Pearson's correlation generated 4 groups of genes: early stage differentiation genes (peak expression: 0-24h, n=28) which were enriched for extracellular matrix organisation, e.g. COL1A1, LOX, and SERPINH1; middle stage differentiating genes (peak expression days: 3 and 6, n=20) which were enriched for extracellular matrix/skeletal system development e.g. BMP4, CYP24A1, and TGFBR2; and late stage differentiation genes (peak expression days: 9 and 12, n=27) which were enriched for bone development/osteoblast differentiation, e.g. BMP2 and IGF2. In addition, we identified 13 genes with bimodal temporal expression (2 peaks of expression: days 0 and 12) including VEGFA, PDGFA and FGF2. We examined the specificity of the 123 genes' expression in skeletal tissues and thus propose a set of ex vivo differentiation-stage-specific markers (n=21). In an independent analysis, we identified a subset of genes (n=20, e.g. ELN, COL11A1, BMP4) to predict the bone forming capacity of hMSC and another set (n=20, e.g. IGF2, TGFB2, SMAD3) associated with the ex vivo phenotype of hMSC obtained from osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Twine
- NSW Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chi N Pang
- NSW Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- NSW Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- NSW Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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66
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67
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Capulli M, Olstad OK, Onnerfjord P, Tillgren V, Muraca M, Gautvik KM, Heinegård D, Rucci N, Teti A. The C-terminal domain of chondroadherin: a new regulator of osteoclast motility counteracting bone loss. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1833-46. [PMID: 24616121 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chondroadherin (CHAD) is a leucine-rich protein promoting cell attachment through binding to integrin α2 β1 and syndecans. We observed that CHAD mRNA and protein were lower in bone biopsies of 50-year-old to 65-year-old osteoporotic women and in bone samples of ovariectomized mice versus gender/age-matched controls, suggesting a role in bone metabolism. By the means of an internal cyclic peptide (cyclicCHAD), we observed that its integrin binding sequence impaired preosteoclast migration through a nitric oxide synthase 2-dependent mechanism, decreasing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas it had no effect on osteoblasts. Consistently, cyclicCHAD reduced transcription of two nitric oxide downstream genes, migfilin and vasp, involved in cell motility. Furthermore, the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, stimulated preosteoclast migration and prevented the inhibitory effect of cyclicCHAD. Conversely, the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inhibitor, N5-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine, decreased both preosteoclast migration and differentiation, confirming a role of the nitric oxide pathway in the mechanism of action triggered by cyclicCHAD. In vivo, administration of cyclicCHAD was well tolerated and increased bone volume in healthy mice, with no adverse effect. In ovariectomized mice cyclicCHAD improved bone mass by both a preventive and a curative treatment protocol, with an effect in line with that of the bisphosphonate alendronate, that was mimicked by the NOS2 inhibitor [L-N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-lysine.2 dihydrochloride]. In both mouse models, cyclicCHAD reduced osteoclast and bone resorption without affecting osteoblast parameters and bone formation. In conclusion, CHAD is a novel regulator of bone metabolism that, through its integrin binding domain, inhibits preosteoclast motility and bone resorption, with a potential translational impact for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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68
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Andreassen OA, McEvoy LK, Thompson WK, Wang Y, Reppe S, Schork AJ, Zuber V, Barrett-Connor E, Gautvik K, Aukrust P, Karlsen TH, Djurovic S, Desikan RS, Dale AM. Identifying common genetic variants in blood pressure due to polygenic pleiotropy with associated phenotypes. Hypertension 2014; 63:819-26. [PMID: 24396023 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure is a critical determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is affected by environmental factors, but has a strong heritable component. Despite recent large genome-wide association studies, few genetic risk factors for blood pressure have been identified. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between blood pressure and several diseases and traits, which may partly arise from a shared genetic basis (genetic pleiotropy). Using genome-wide association studies summary statistics and a genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate method, we systematically investigated genetic overlap between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 12 comorbid traits and diseases. We found significant enrichment of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SBP as a function of their association with body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, waist/hip ratio, schizophrenia, bone mineral density, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. In contrast, the magnitude of enrichment due to shared polygenic effects was smaller with the other phenotypes (triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and height). Applying the conditional false discovery rate method to the enriched phenotypes, we identified 62 loci associated with SBP (false discovery rate <0.01), including 42 novel loci. The observed polygenic overlap between SBP and several related disorders indicates that the epidemiological associations are not mediated solely via lifestyle factors but also reflect an etiologic relation that warrants further investigation. The new gene loci identified implicate novel genetic mechanisms related to lipid biology and the immune system in SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite C101, La Jolla, CA 92037-0841. ; and Ole A. Andreassen, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Email
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69
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Rojo Venegas K, Aguilera Gómez M, Cañada Garre M, Sánchez AG, Contreras-Ortega C, Calleja Hernández MA. Pharmacogenetics of osteoporosis: towards novel theranostics for personalized medicine? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 16:638-51. [PMID: 23215803 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex multifactorial bone disorder with a strong genetic basis. It is the most common, severe, progressive skeletal illness that has been increasing, particularly in developed countries. Osteoporosis will no doubt constitute a serious clinical burden in healthcare management in the coming decades. The genetics of osteoporosis should be analyzed from both the disease susceptibility and the pharmacogenetic treatment perspectives. The former has been widely studied and discussed, while the latter still requires much more information and research. This article provides a synthesis of the literature on the genetics of osteoporosis and an update on progress made in pharmacogenetics of osteoporosis in recent years, specifically regarding the new molecular targets for antiresorptive drugs. In-depth translation of osteoporosis pharmacogenetics approaches to clinical practice demands a new vision grounded on the concept of "theranostics," that is, the integration of diagnostics for both disease susceptibility testing, as well as for prediction of health intervention outcomes. In essence, theranostics signals a broadening in the scope of inquiry in diagnostics medicine. The upcoming wave of theranostics medicine also suggests more distributed forms of science and knowledge production, both by experts and end-users of scientific products. Both the diagnosis and personalized treatment of osteoporosis could conceivably benefit from the emerging postgenomics field of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rojo Venegas
- Pharmacy Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
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70
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Wu S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Han Y, Lin Y, Deng HW. Genome-wide approaches for identifying genetic risk factors for osteoporosis. Genome Med 2013; 5:44. [PMID: 23731620 PMCID: PMC3706967 DOI: 10.1186/gm448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most common type of bone disease worldwide, is clinically characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased susceptibility to fracture. Multiple genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Osteoporosis has strong genetic determination, with the heritability of BMD estimated to be as high as 60%. More than 80 genes or genetic variants have been implicated in risk of osteoporosis by hypothesis-free genome-wide studies. However, these genes or genetic variants can only explain a small portion of BMD variation, suggesting that many other genes or genetic variants underlying osteoporosis risk await discovery. Here, we review recent progress in genome-wide studies of osteoporosis and discuss their implications for medicine and the major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wu
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China ; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yingying Han
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yong Lin
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China ; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Reppe S, Sachse D, Olstad OK, Gautvik VT, Sanderson P, Datta HK, Berg JP, Gautvik KM. Identification of transcriptional macromolecular associations in human bone using browser based in silico analysis in a giant correlation matrix. Bone 2013. [PMID: 23195995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling is critically dependent on gene regulatory networks comprising physical molecular interactions. Presently, there is a lack of comprehensive databases for most human tissue types to verify such macromolecular interactions. We present a user friendly browser which helps to identify functional macromolecular interactions in human bone as significant correlations at the transcriptional level. The molecular skeletal phenotype has been characterized by transcriptome analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies from 84 postmenopausal women through quantifications of ~23,000 mRNA species. When the signal levels were inter-correlated, an array containing >260 million correlations was generated, thus recognizing the human bone interactome at the RNA level. The matrix correlation and p values were made easily accessible by a freely available online browser. We show that significant correlations within the giant matrix are reproduced in a replica set of 13 male vertebral biopsies. The identified correlations differ somewhat from transcriptional interactions identified in cell culture experiments and transgenic mice, thus demonstrating that care should be taken in extrapolating such results to the in vivo situation in human bone. The current giant matrix and web browser are a valuable tool for easy access to the human bone transcriptome and molecular interactions represented as significant correlations at the RNA-level. The browser and matrix should be a valuable hypothesis generating tool for identification of regulatory mechanisms and serve as a library of transcript relationships in human bone, a relatively inaccessible tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway.
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Gómez-Cabello A, Ara I, González-Agüero A, Casajús JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. Fat mass influence on bone mass is mediated by the independent association between lean mass and bone mass among elderly women: A cross-sectional study. Maturitas 2013; 74:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hu HM, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhang CG, Wang W, Gong K, Huang Z, Guo MX, Li WX, Li W. C1orf61 acts as a tumor activator in human hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. FASEB J 2012; 27:163-73. [PMID: 23012322 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-216622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genomic amplification of chromosome 1q long arm, the chromosomal region containing C1orf61, is a common event in human cancers. However, the expression pattern of chromosome 1 open reading frame 61 (C1orf61) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its effects on HCC progression remain unclear. We have previously reported that C1orf61 is highly up-regulated during human embryogenesis. In this study, we report that C1orf61 expression is associated with the progression of liver disease. We found that C1orf61 is up-regulated in hepatic cirrhosis tissues and is further up-regulated in primary HCC tumors. Moreover, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive patients exhibited significantly higher levels of C1orf61 expression than HBV-negative patients. The evaluation of highly malignant HCC cell lines revealed high protein expression levels of C1orf61. Furthermore, the C1orf61 protein was found to be predominantly distributed within the cytoplasm. The ectopic expression of C1orf61 in the nonmalignant L02 cell line promoted cellular proliferation and colony formation in vitro, as well as cell cycle progression via the regulation of the expression of specific cell cycle-related proteins. In addition, the overexpression of C1orf61 in L02 cells facilitated cellular invasion and metastasis. The down-regulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and occludin) and the up-regulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail) suggested that the overexpression of C1orf61 induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is linked to metastasis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the roles of C1orf61 in HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Karasik D, Cohen-Zinder M. The genetic pleiotropy of musculoskeletal aging. Front Physiol 2012; 3:303. [PMID: 22934054 PMCID: PMC3429074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging is detrimental to multiple bodily functions and starts early, probably in the fourth decade of an individual's life. Sarcopenia is a health problem that is expected to only increase as a greater portion of the population lives longer; prevalence of the related musculoskeletal diseases is similarly expected to increase. Unraveling the biological and biomechanical associations and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases represents a formidable challenge. There are two major problems making disentangling the biological complexity of musculoskeletal aging difficult: (a) it is a systemic, rather than "compartmental," problem, which should be approached accordingly, and (b) the aging per se is neither well defined nor reliably measurable. A unique challenge of studying any age-related condition is a need of distinguishing between the "norm" and "pathology," which are interwoven throughout the aging organism. We argue that detecting genes with pleiotropic functions in musculoskeletal aging is needed to provide insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences insusceptibility to the musculoskeletal diseases. However, exploring pleiotropic relationships among the system's components is challenging both methodologically and conceptually. We aimed to focus on genetic aspects of the cross-talk between muscle and its "neighboring" tissues and organs (tendon, bone, and cartilage), and to explore the role of genetics to find the new molecular links between skeletal muscle and other parts of the "musculoskeleton." Identification of significant genetic variants underlying the musculoskeletal system's aging is now possible more than ever due to the currently available advanced genomic technologies. In summary, a "holistic" genetic approach is needed to study the systems's normal functioning and the disease predisposition in order to improve musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Israel
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75
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Medina-Gomez C, Kemp JP, Estrada K, Eriksson J, Liu J, Reppe S, Evans DM, Heppe DHM, Vandenput L, Herrera L, Ring SM, Kruithof CJ, Timpson NJ, Zillikens MC, Olstad OK, Zheng HF, Richards JB, St. Pourcain B, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Smith GD, Lorentzon M, Gautvik KM, Uitterlinden AG, Brommage R, Ohlsson C, Tobias JH, Rivadeneira F. Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans for total body BMD in children and adults reveals allelic heterogeneity and age-specific effects at the WNT16 locus. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002718. [PMID: 22792070 PMCID: PMC3390371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic loci influencing bone accrual, we performed a genome-wide association scan for total-body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) variation in 2,660 children of different ethnicities. We discovered variants in 7q31.31 associated with BMD measurements, with the lowest P = 4.1×10−11 observed for rs917727 with minor allele frequency of 0.37. We sought replication for all SNPs located ±500 kb from rs917727 in 11,052 additional individuals from five independent studies including children and adults, together with de novo genotyping of rs3801387 (in perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs917727) in 1,014 mothers of children from the discovery cohort. The top signal mapping in the surroundings of WNT16 was replicated across studies with a meta-analysis P = 2.6×10−31 and an effect size explaining between 0.6%–1.8% of TB-BMD variance. Conditional analyses on this signal revealed a secondary signal for total body BMD (P = 1.42×10−10) for rs4609139 and mapping to C7orf58. We also examined the genomic region for association with skull BMD to test if the associations were independent of skeletal loading. We identified two signals influencing skull BMD variation, including rs917727 (P = 1.9×10−16) and rs7801723 (P = 8.9×10−28), also mapping to C7orf58 (r2 = 0.50 with rs4609139). Wnt16 knockout (KO) mice with reduced total body BMD and gene expression profiles in human bone biopsies support a role of C7orf58 and WNT16 on the BMD phenotypes observed at the human population level. In summary, we detected two independent signals influencing total body and skull BMD variation in children and adults, thus demonstrating the presence of allelic heterogeneity at the WNT16 locus. One of the skull BMD signals mapping to C7orf58 is mostly driven by children, suggesting temporal determination on peak bone mass acquisition. Our life-course approach postulates that these genetic effects influencing peak bone mass accrual may impact the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Genetic investigations on bone mineral density (BMD) variation in children allow the identification of factors determining peak bone mass and their influence on developing osteoporosis later in life. We ran a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for total body BMD based on 2,660 children of different ethnic backgrounds, followed by replication in an additional 12,066 individuals comprising children, young adults, and elderly populations. Our GWAS meta-analysis identified two independent signals in the 7q31.31 locus, arising from SNPs in the vicinity of WNT16, FAM3C, and C7orf58. These variants were also associated with skull BMD, a skeletal trait with much less environmental influence for which one of the signals displayed age-specific effects. Integration of functional studies in a Wnt16 knockout mouse model and gene expression profiles in human bone tissue provided additional evidence that WNT16 and C7orf58 underlie the described associations. All together our findings demonstrate the relevance of these factors for bone biology, the attainment of peak bone mass, and their likely impact on bone fragility later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeff Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Denise H. M. Heppe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lizbeth Herrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M. Ring
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia J. Kruithof
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ole K. Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beate St. Pourcain
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaare M. Gautvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo Deacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Brommage
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Estrada K, Styrkarsdottir U, Evangelou E, Hsu YH, Duncan EL, Ntzani EE, Oei L, Albagha OME, Amin N, Kemp JP, Koller DL, Li G, Liu CT, Minster RL, Moayyeri A, Vandenput L, Willner D, Xiao SM, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Zheng HF, Alonso N, Eriksson J, Kammerer CM, Kaptoge SK, Leo PJ, Thorleifsson G, Wilson SG, Wilson JF, Aalto V, Alen M, Aragaki AK, Aspelund T, Center JR, Dailiana Z, Duggan DJ, Garcia M, Garcia-Giralt N, Giroux S, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Khusainova R, Kim GS, Kooperberg C, Koromila T, Kruk M, Laaksonen M, Lacroix AZ, Lee SH, Leung PC, Lewis JR, Masi L, Mencej-Bedrac S, Nguyen TV, Nogues X, Patel MS, Prezelj J, Rose LM, Scollen S, Siggeirsdottir K, Smith AV, Svensson O, Trompet S, Trummer O, van Schoor NM, Woo J, Zhu K, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Buckley BM, Cheng S, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Dedoussis G, Ford I, Frost M, Goltzman D, González-Macías J, Kähönen M, Karlsson M, Khusnutdinova E, Koh JM, Kollia P, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Ljunggren Ö, Lorenc RS, Marc J, Mellström D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Ridker PM, Rousseau F, Slagboom PE, Tang NLS, Urreizti R, Van Hul W, Viikari J, Zarrabeitia MT, Aulchenko YS, Castano-Betancourt M, Grundberg E, Herrera L, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Kwan T, Li R, Luben R, Medina-Gómez C, Palsson ST, Reppe S, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JBJ, Verlaan D, Williams FMK, Wood AR, Zhou Y, Gautvik KM, Pastinen T, Raychaudhuri S, Cauley JA, Chasman DI, Clark GR, Cummings SR, Danoy P, Dennison EM, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Jackson RD, Jones G, Jukema JW, Khaw KT, Lehtimäki T, Liu Y, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Mitchell BD, Nandakumar K, Nicholson GC, Oostra BA, Peacock M, Pols HAP, Prince RL, Raitakari O, Reid IR, Robbins J, Sambrook PN, Sham PC, Shuldiner AR, Tylavsky FA, van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Cupples LA, Econs MJ, Evans DM, Harris TB, Kung AWC, Psaty BM, Reeve J, Spector TD, Streeten EA, Zillikens MC, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ohlsson C, Karasik D, Richards JB, Brown MA, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JPA, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet 2012; 44:491-501. [PMID: 22504420 PMCID: PMC3338864 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 886] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evangelia E Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Omar M E Albagha
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P Kemp
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alireza Moayyeri
- of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dana Willner
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Su-Mei Xiao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Department of Human Genetics, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen K Kaptoge
- of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Leo
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ville Aalto
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Alen
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital and Institute of Health Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe Dailiana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Giralt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM), Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelone, Spain
| | - Sylvie Giroux
- Unité de recherche en génétique humaine et moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec - Hôpital St-François-d’Assise (CHUQ/HSFA), Québec City, Canada
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Unviersity, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lise Bjerre Husted
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karen A Jameson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rita Khusainova
- Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Biological Department, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ghi Su Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Theodora Koromila
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcin Kruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marika Laaksonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Z Lacroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ping C Leung
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Laura Masi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Mencej-Bedrac
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xavier Nogues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM), Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelone, Spain
| | - Millan S Patel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janez Prezelj
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Serena Scollen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olle Svensson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå Unviersity, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Trummer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Extramuraal Geneeskundig Onderzoek (EMGO) Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Susana Balcells
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelone, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brendan M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jesús González-Macías
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Biological Department, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Endocrinology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Extramuraal Geneeskundig Onderzoek (EMGO) Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roman S Lorenc
- Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - José M Olmos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | | | - David M Reid
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - José A Riancho
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - François Rousseau
- Unité de recherche en génétique humaine et moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec - Hôpital St-François-d’Assise (CHUQ/HSFA), Québec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- The APOGEE-Net/CanGèneTest Network on Genetic Health Services and Policy, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nelson LS Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelone, Spain
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martha Castano-Betancourt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lizbeth Herrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
- Institution of Health Science, University Of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | | | - Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Luben
- of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gómez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Verlaan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frances MK Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Deacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Graeme R Clark
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Patrick Danoy
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- National Institute for Health and Research (NIHR) Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John A Eisman
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eugene McCloskey
- National Institute for Health and Research (NIHR) Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Metabolic Bone Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannabiran Nandakumar
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Ben A Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Huibert A P Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard L Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ian R Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Philip N Sambrook
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit Box 285, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - David M Evans
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annie Wai Chee Kung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, USA
| | - Jonathan Reeve
- Medicine box 157, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang W, Drake MT. Potential role for therapies targeting DKK1, LRP5, and serotonin in the treatment of osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2012; 10:93-100. [PMID: 22210558 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-011-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disorder in which diminished bone mass leads to progressive microarchitectural skeletal deterioration and increased fracture risk. Our understanding of both normal and pathologic bone biology continues to evolve, and with it our grasp of the highly coordinated relationships between primary bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes) and the complex molecular signals bone cells use to integrate signals derived from other organ systems, including the immune, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. It is now clear that the Wnt signaling pathway is central to regulation of both skeletal modeling and remodeling. Herein, we discuss components of the Wnt signaling pathway (DKK1, an endogenous soluble inhibitor of Wnt signaling) and LRP5 (a plasma membrane-localized Wnt co-receptor) as potential future targets for osteoporosis therapy. Finally, we discuss the current controversial role for serotonin in skeletal metabolism, and the potential role of future therapies targeting serotonin for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Piehler AP, Ozcürümez M, Kaminski WE. A-Subclass ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins in Brain Lipid Homeostasis and Neurodegeneration. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:17. [PMID: 22403555 PMCID: PMC3293240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The A-subclass of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprises 12 structurally related members of the evolutionarily highly conserved superfamily of ABC transporters. ABCA transporters represent a subgroup of "full-size" multispan transporters of which several members have been shown to mediate the transport of a variety of physiologic lipid compounds across membrane barriers. The importance of ABCA transporters in human disease is documented by the observations that so far four members of this protein family (ABCA1, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA12) have been causatively linked to monogenetic disorders including familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency, neonatal surfactant deficiency, degenerative retinopathies, and congenital keratinization disorders. Recent research also point to a significant contribution of several A-subfamily ABC transporters to neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will give a summary of our current knowledge of the A-subclass of ABC transporters with a special focus on brain lipid homeostasis and their involvement in AD.
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Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Toulis KA. Role of wingless tail signaling pathway in osteoporosis: an update of current knowledge. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:383-8. [PMID: 21897222 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32834afff2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wingless tail (Wnt) pathway is crucial for osteoblast activation and action. This review summarizes the evidence published during the previous year on the emerging role of Wnt signaling alterations in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential therapeutic approaches of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS New insights into the mechanisms regulating Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway, including the role of Kremen-2 receptor, lamin A/C protein, periostin, and pleiotropin in bone physiology, the crosstalk between the RUNX-2 transcription-factor cascade and the Wnt pathway, and the concept that individual Wnt ligands may have a unique and distinct mission in bone milieu, are presented. Nutritional habits may affect Wnt signaling in bone. Serum sclerostin and dickkopf-1 levels may serve as markers of bone metabolism and disease, although further standardization methods are required. Finally, the effect of current antiosteoporotic treatments on Wnt signaling is discussed, as well as the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting either Wnt signaling amplification or Wnt antagonists' attenuation. SUMMARY Although Wnt pathway is currently a field of thorough investigation, it is still far from been fully elucidated. Understanding its complex pathophysiology has evoked promising therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis. However, given that Wnt signaling is crucial for many tissues, emerging knowledge should be cautiously translated in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios D Anastasilakis
- Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Zhao XG, Dai W, Li Y, Tian L. AUC-based biomarker ensemble with an application on gene scores predicting low bone mineral density. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 27:3050-5. [PMID: 21908541 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), long regarded as a 'golden' measure for the predictiveness of a continuous score, has propelled the need to develop AUC-based predictors. However, the AUC-based ensemble methods are rather scant, largely due to the fact that the associated objective function is neither continuous nor concave. Indeed, there is no reliable numerical algorithm identifying optimal combination of a set of biomarkers to maximize the AUC, especially when the number of biomarkers is large. RESULTS We have proposed a novel AUC-based statistical ensemble methods for combining multiple biomarkers to differentiate a binary response of interest. Specifically, we propose to replace the non-continuous and non-convex AUC objective function by a convex surrogate loss function, whose minimizer can be efficiently identified. With the established framework, the lasso and other regularization techniques enable feature selections. Extensive simulations have demonstrated the superiority of the new methods to the existing methods. The proposal has been applied to a gene expression dataset to construct gene expression scores to differentiate elderly women with low bone mineral density (BMD) and those with normal BMD. The AUCs of the resulting scores in the independent test dataset has been satisfactory. CONCLUSION Aiming for directly maximizing AUC, the proposed AUC-based ensemble method provides an efficient means of generating a stable combination of multiple biomarkers, which is especially useful under the high-dimensional settings. CONTACT lutian@stanford.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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81
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Jemtland R, Holden M, Reppe S, Olstad OK, Reinholt FP, Gautvik VT, Refvem H, Frigessi A, Houston B, Gautvik KM. Molecular disease map of bone characterizing the postmenopausal osteoporosis phenotype. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1793-801. [PMID: 21452281 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide gene expressions in bone biopsies from patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and healthy controls were profiled, to identify osteoporosis candidate genes. All osteoporotic patients (n = 27) in an unbiased cohort of Norwegian women presented with bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores of less than -2.5 SD and one or more confirmed low-energy fracture(s). A validation group (n = 18) had clinical and laboratory parameters intermediate to the control (n = 39) and osteoporosis groups. RNA from iliac crest bone biopsies were analyzed by Affymetrix microarrays and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Differentially expressed genes in osteoporosis versus control groups were identified using the Bayesian ANOVA for microarrays (BAMarray) method, whereas the R-package Limma (Linear Models for Microarray Data) was used to determine whether these transcripts were explained by disease, age, body mass index (BMI), or combinations thereof. Laboratory tests showed normal ranges for the cohort. A total of 609 transcripts were differentially expressed in osteoporotic patients relative to controls; 256 transcripts were confirmed for disease when controlling for age or BMI. Most of the osteoporosis susceptibility genes (80%) also were confirmed to be regulated in the same direction in the validation group. Furthermore, 217 of 256 transcripts were correlated with BMD (adjusted for age and BMI) at various skeletal sites (|r| > 0.2, p < .05). Among the most distinctly expressed genes were Wnt antagonists DKK1 and SOST, the transcription factor SOX4, and the bone matrix proteins MMP13 and MEPE, all reduced in osteoporosis versus control groups. Our results identify potential osteoporosis susceptibility candidate genes adjusted for confounding factors (ie, age and BMI) with or without a significant correlation with BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Jemtland
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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McNulty M, Singh RJ, Li X, Bergstralh EJ, Kumar R. Determination of serum and plasma sclerostin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1159-62. [PMID: 21543425 PMCID: PMC3135202 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin alters bone formation. The precise and reproducible measurement of sclerostin concentrations in biological samples is important for assessment of metabolic bone disease. We determined sclerostin concentrations in serum and plasma using two commercially available ELISA. METHODS We measured sclerostin concentrations in serum or heparin-plasma obtained from 25 normal human subjects using two commercial ELISA available from Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH and TECOmedical AG. RESULTS With the Biomedica assay, serum sclerostin concentrations were 0.99 ± 0.12 ng/ml (mean ± sem), and plasma concentrations were 1.47 ± 0.13 ng/ml (paired t test, P < 0.001). With the TECO assay, serum sclerostin levels were 0.71 ± 0.05 ng/ml, and plasma sclerostin concentrations were 0.80 ± 0.06 ng/ml (paired t test, P < 0.001). Serum and plasma sclerostin concentrations were significantly different when determined by the two assays (serum, P = 0.015; plasma, P < 0.001). Recovery of added recombinant sclerostin to serum was less than expected with both Biomedica and TECO assays (P < 0.001, paired t test). CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of sclerostin in serum and plasma are different when determined by the two assays. Serum or plasma sclerostin concentrations with current assays should be interpreted with caution. The data suggest that the same assay should be used for comparing groups of patients or patients being followed longitudinally. Standardization of sclerostin assays is required before being introduced into general clinical laboratory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa McNulty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Cejka D, Jäger-Lansky A, Kieweg H, Weber M, Bieglmayer C, Haider DG, Diarra D, Patsch JM, Kainberger F, Bohle B, Haas M. Sclerostin serum levels correlate positively with bone mineral density and microarchitecture in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:226-30. [PMID: 21613383 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin is a soluble inhibitor of osteoblast function. Sclerostin is downregulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Here, it was investigated whether sclerostin levels are influenced by intact (i) PTH and whether sclerostin is associated with bone turnover, microarchitecture and mass in dialysis patients. METHODS Seventy-six haemodialysis patients and 45 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), vitamin D and markers of bone turnover were analysed. A subset of 37 dialysis patients had measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone microarchitecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS Dialysis patients had significantly higher sclerostin levels than controls (1257 pg/mL versus 415 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between sclerostin and gender (R = 0.41), iPTH (R = -0.28), 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (R = 0.27) and calcium (R = 0.25). Gender and iPTH remained significantly associated with sclerostin in a multivariate analysis. Sclerostin serum levels were positively associated with BMD at the lumbar spine (R = 0.46), femoral neck (R = 0.36) and distal radius (R = 0.42) and correlated positively mainly with trabecular structures such as trabecular density and number at the radius and tibia in dialysis patients. DKK-1 was related neither to bone measures nor to serologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Considering that sclerostin is an inhibitor of bone formation, the observed positive correlations of serum sclerostin with BMD and bone volume were unexpected. Whether its increase in dialysis patients has direct pathogenetic relevance or is only a secondary phenomenon remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cejka
- Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Beamer WG, Shultz KL, Coombs HF, DeMambro VE, Reinholdt LG, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Canalis E, Rosen CJ, Donahue LR. BMD regulation on mouse distal chromosome 1, candidate genes, and response to ovariectomy or dietary fat. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:88-99. [PMID: 20687154 PMCID: PMC3179313 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The distal end of mouse chromosome 1 (Chr 1) harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and share conserved synteny with human chromosome 1q. The objective of this article was to map this mouse distal Chr 1 region and identify gene(s) responsible for BMD regulation in females. We used X-ray densitometry [ie, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), micro-computed tomography (µCT), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)] to phenotype a set of nested congenic strains constructed from C57BL/6BmJ (B6/Bm) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice to map the region associated with the BMD QTL. The critical region has been reduced to an interval of 0.152 Mb that contributes to increased BMD when C3H alleles are present. Histomorphometry and osteoblast cultures indicated that increased osteoblast activity was associated with increased BMD in mouse strains with C3H alleles in this critical region. This region contains two genes, Aim2, which binds with cytoplasmic dsDNA and results in apoptosis, and AC084073.22, a predicted gene of unknown function. Ovariectomy induced bone loss in the B6/Bm progenitor and the three congenic strains regardless of the alleles present in the critical BMD region. High dietary fat treatment (thought to suppress distal Chr 1 QTL for BMD in mice) did not induce bone loss in the congenics carrying C3H alleles in the critical 0.152 Mb carrying the AIM2 and AC084073.22 genes. Gene expression studies in whole bone of key congenics showed differential expression of AC084073.22 for strains carrying B6/Bm versus C3H alleles but not for Aim2. In conclusion, our data suggest that osteoblasts are the cellular target of gene action and that AC084073.22 is the best candidate for female BMD regulation in the distal region of mouse Chr 1.
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Cejka D, Herberth J, Branscum AJ, Fardo DW, Monier-Faugere MC, Diarra D, Haas M, Malluche HH. Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 in renal osteodystrophy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 6:877-82. [PMID: 21164019 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.06550810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The serum proteins sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) are soluble inhibitors of canonical wnt signaling and were recently identified as components of parathyroid hormone (PTH) signal transduction. This study investigated the associations between sclerostin and Dkk-1 with histomorphometric parameters of bone turnover, mineralization, and volume in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis (CKD-5D). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In a cross-sectional study, 60 CKD-5D patients underwent bone biopsies followed by histomorphometry. Levels of sclerostin, Dkk-1, and intact PTH (iPTH) were determined in blood. RESULTS Serum levels of sclerostin and iPTH correlated negatively. In unadjusted analyses, sclerostin correlated negatively with histomorphometric parameters of turnover, osteoblastic number, and function. In adjusted analyses, sclerostin remained a strong predictor of parameters of bone turnover and osteoblast number. An observed correlation between sclerostin and cancellous bone volume was lost in regression analyses. Sclerostin was superior to iPTH for the positive prediction of high bone turnover and number of osteoblasts. In contrast, iPTH was superior to sclerostin for the negative prediction for high bone turnover and had similar predictive values than sclerostin for the number of osteoblasts. Serum levels of Dkk-1 did not correlate with iPTH or with any histomorphometric parameter. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe a promising role for serum measurements of sclerostin in addition to iPTH in the diagnosis of high bone turnover in CKD-5D patients, whereas measurements of Dkk-1 do not seem to be useful for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cejka
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Li WF, Hou SX, Yu B, Li MM, Férec C, Chen JM. Genetics of osteoporosis: accelerating pace in gene identification and validation. Hum Genet 2009; 127:249-85. [PMID: 20101412 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide, affecting one in three women and one in eight men over the age of 50. In the past 15 years, a large number of genes have been reported as being associated with osteoporosis. However, only in the past 4 years we have witnessed an accelerated pace in identifying and validating osteoporosis susceptibility loci. This increase in pace is mostly due to large-scale association studies, meta-analyses, and genome-wide association studies of both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations. A comprehensive review of these developments revealed that, to date, at least 15 genes (VDR, ESR1, ESR2, LRP5, LRP4, SOST, GRP177, OPG, RANK, RANKL, COLIA1, SPP1, ITGA1, SP7, and SOX6) can be reasonably assigned as confirmed osteoporosis susceptibility genes, whereas, another >30 genes are promising candidate genes. Notably, confirmed and promising genes are clustered in three biological pathways, the estrogen endocrine pathway, the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. New biological pathways will certainly emerge when more osteoporosis genes are identified and validated. These genetic findings may provide new routes toward improved therapeutic and preventive interventions of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, 100037 Beijing, China
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