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Li A, Liu B, Li F, He Y, Wang L, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Li H, Fu Y, Zhu H, Wang Y, Jiang X. Integrated Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheic Giraffes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712092. [PMID: 34475863 PMCID: PMC8406688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be associated with multiple gastrointestinal diseases, but information regarding the gut microbial alternations in diarrheic giraffe remains scarce. Here, 16S rDNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing were conducted to investigate the gut microbial composition and variability in diarrheic giraffes. Results demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in the gut bacterial community, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were observed to be predominant in the gut fungal community regardless of health status. However, the species and relative abundance of preponderant bacterial and fungal genera in healthy and diarrheic giraffes were different. In contrast to the relatively stabilized gut fungal community, gut bacterial community displayed a significant decrease in the alpha diversity, accompanied by distinct changes in taxonomic compositions. Bacterial taxonomic analysis revealed that the relative abundances of eight phyla and 12 genera obviously increased, whereas the relative abundances of two phyla and eight genera dramatically decreased during diarrhea. Moreover, the relative richness of five fungal genera significantly increased, whereas the relative richness of seven fungal genera significantly declined in diarrheic giraffes. Taken together, this study demonstrated that diarrhea could cause significant alternations in the gut microbial composition of giraffes, and the changes in the gut bacterial community were more significant than those in the gut fungal community. Additionally, investigating the gut microbial characteristics of giraffes in different health states is beneficial to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a prevention and treatment system for diarrhea from the gut microbial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Animal Husbandry Station of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | | | - Huade Li
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaisen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang, China
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Dunnack HJ, Judge MP, Cong X, Salner A, Duffy VB, Xu W. An Integrative Review of the Role of the Oral and Gut Microbiome in Oral Health Symptomatology During Cancer Therapy. Oncol Nurs Forum 2021; 48:317-331. [PMID: 33855998 DOI: 10.1188/21.onf.317-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause considerable symptom burden on patients' oral health, influencing nutritional status and quality of life. The role of the oral and gut microbiome in oral health alterations during cancer therapy is an emerging area of science in symptom management. LITERATURE SEARCH PubMed®, CINAHL®, and Scopus® were searched for articles published from January 2000 through July 2020. DATA EVALUATION Articles published in English that were focused on chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were included in the review. SYNTHESIS Of the 22 identified studies, 12 described oral health symptoms during chemotherapy and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Ten studies assessed symptoms during treatment for a variety of solid tumors and blood cancers, with four of these describing microbial interventions for the management of oral mucositis. Interventions varied, but the results supported the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing mucositis severity. Overall, less diverse oral and gut microbiome environments were associated with increased severity of oral health symptomatology. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Additional research is needed to determine how the oral and gut microbiome and microbial interventions may be used to improve oral health management during cancer treatment.
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Miknevicius P, Zulpaite R, Leber B, Strupas K, Stiegler P, Schemmer P. The Impact of Probiotics on Intestinal Mucositis during Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179347. [PMID: 34502251 PMCID: PMC8430988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in females (incidence 16.4/10,000) and the third in males (incidence 23.4/10,000) worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy (CTx), radiation therapy (RTx), or a combined treatment of those are the current treatment modalities for primary CRC. Chemotherapeutic drug-induced gastrointestinal (GIT) toxicity mainly presents as mucositis and diarrhea. Preclinical studies revealed that probiotic supplementation helps prevent CTx-induced side effects by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production and promoting crypt cell proliferation. Moreover, probiotics showed significant results in preventing the loss of body weight (BW) and reducing diarrhea. However, further clinical studies are needed to elucidate the exact doses and most promising combination of strains to reduce or prevent chemotherapy-induced side effects. The aim of this review is to overview currently available literature on the impact of probiotics on CTx-induced side effects in animal studies concerning CRC treatment and discuss the potential mechanisms based on experimental studies’ outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Miknevicius
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Ruta Zulpaite
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Bettina Leber
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-84094
| | - Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.M.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
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Machado Vasconcelos LI, Silva-Buzanello RAD, Kalschne DL, Scremin FR, Stival Bittencourt PR, Gaudêncio Dias JT, Canan C, Corso MP. Functional fermented sausages incorporated with microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum BG 112 in Acrycoat S100. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Yin Z, Yang H, Tang T, Chen Z, Tian D, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Lu F. Early Diagnosis of Occult Blood of Colorectal Cancer Based on Nano-Colloidal Gold Sandwich Immunochromatography. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1525-1534. [PMID: 34544530 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of science and technology has deepened people's understanding of cancer, changing the management of malignant tumors in the medical field. Given the common precancerous characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC), researchers studied early CRC screening. The complexity of traditional diagnostics forced medical staff to speed up CRC innovation early screening methods. Here, we prepared nano-colloidal gold raw materials with different particle sizes (15 and 30 nm) and observed the morphological characteristics and properties of the materials. Simultaneously, the nanocolloidal gold double antibody sandwich kit was designed through the optimum pH value and protein content screening experiment. The results of clinical enteroscopy confirmed the important guiding significance of the equipment in early CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongying Wu
- Laboratory Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jiaoyan Zhang
- Early Screening of Digestive Tract Tumors in the Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Hunan Tumor Hospital Department of Digestive Urology, Changsha 410006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zou Yin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Science and Education and Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Dayong Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yixia Yang
- Laboratory Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Fangyang Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
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O'Connor LE, Gahche JJ, Herrick KA, Davis CD, Potischman N, Vargas AJ. Nonfood Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Use Has Increased in US Adults and Children From 1999 to 2018. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:476-486.e3. [PMID: 33895169 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Public interest in pre-, pro-, and synbiotic products is increasing because of interactions between gut microbiota and human health. Our aim was to describe nonfood (from dietary supplements or medication) pre-, pro-, and synbiotic use by US adults and children and reported reasons. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we text-mined dietary supplement and prescription medication labels and ingredients to identify pre-, pro-, and synbiotic products used in the past 30 days. We describe trends in use from 1999 to 2018 (n = 101,199) and prevalence in 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 (n = 19,215) by age groups, sex, ethnicity/race, education, income, self-reported diet and health quality, and prescription gastrointestinal medication use stratified by children (<19 years) and adults (19+ years). RESULTS Nonfood pre-, pro-, and synbiotic use increased up to 3-fold in recent cycles. Prevalence of use for all ages for prebiotics was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.9), for probiotics was 4.5% (95% CI, 3.5-5.6), and for synbiotics was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Use was highest among older adults (8.8% [95% CI, 5.4-13.3] among those aged 60-69 years for probiotics), non-Hispanic Whites, those with higher educational attainment and income, those with more favorable self-reported diet or health quality, and those with concurrent prescription gastrointestinal medication use. The top reasons for use were for digestive health and to promote/maintain general health. Less than 30% reported using these products based on a health care provider's recommendation. CONCLUSIONS One in 20 US adults or children use nonfood pre-, pro-, or synbiotic products, and use has sharply increased in recent years. Most individuals voluntarily take these products for general digestive or overall health reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E O'Connor
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jaime J Gahche
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cindy D Davis
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy Potischman
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Roviello G, Catalano M, Polom K. Gut Microbiota Modulation in the Context of Immune-Related Aspects of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082674. [PMID: 34444834 PMCID: PMC8401094 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of commensal microbes in cancer progression and recently several investigators have evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting the microbiota. This gut microbiota-related approach is especially attractive in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Probiotics supplementation is a microbiota-targeted strategy that appears to improve treatment efficacy; Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. are among the most commonly used probiotic agents. These bacteria seem to exert immunomodulatory effects, impacting on the immune system both locally and systemically. The gut microbiota are able to affect the efficiency of immunotherapy, mainly acting as inhibitors at immune checkpoints. The effects of immunotherapy may be modulated using traditional probiotic strains and/or next generation probiotics, such as Akkermansia municiphila. It is possible that probiotics might enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 but more data are needed to confirm this speculation. Indeed, although there is experimental evidence for the efficacy of several strains, the health-promoting effects of numerous probiotics have not been demonstrated in human patients and furthermore the potential risks of these products, particularly in oncologic patients, are rarely mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Temraz S, Nassar F, Kreidieh F, Mukherji D, Shamseddine A, Nasr R. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy and the Potential Influence of Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157800. [PMID: 34360566 PMCID: PMC8346024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in the human gut microbiome have been associated with a cycle of hepatocyte injury and regeneration characteristic of chronic liver disease. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through the persistence of this inflammation by inducing genetic and epigenetic changes leading to cancer. As the gut microbiome is known for its effect on host metabolism and immune response, it comes as no surprise that the gut microbiome may have a role in the response to therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy for liver cancer. Gut microbiota may influence the efficacy of immunotherapy by regulating the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we review the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences hepatic carcinogenesis, the immune checkpoint inhibitors currently being used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as summarize the current findings to support the potential critical role of gut microbiome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.N.); (F.K.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (R.N.)
| | - Farah Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.N.); (F.K.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Firas Kreidieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.N.); (F.K.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.N.); (F.K.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (F.N.); (F.K.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (R.N.)
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Ohnuma T, Taku T, Nagatani T, Horii A, Imaoka S, Tanaka T. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of Lacto-N-biose I catalyzed by β-1,3-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans using 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl β-galactopyranoside as a glycosyl donor. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1716-1719. [PMID: 33877301 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of lacto-N-biose I (LNB) catalyzed by β-1,3-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans (BgaC) has been developed using 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl β-galactopyranoside (DMT-β-Gal) and GlcNAc as the donor and acceptor substrates, respectively. BgaC transferred the Gal moiety to the acceptor, giving rise to LNB. The maximum yield of LNB was obtained at the acceptor : donor substrate ratio of 1:30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan.,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute (ATIRI), Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoki Taku
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagatani
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Horii
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shun Imaoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Preventing Colorectal Cancer through Prebiotics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061325. [PMID: 34207094 PMCID: PMC8234836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the world, has been recently rising in emerging countries due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Many of these factors are brought up by industrialization, which includes lack of physical activity, poor diet, circadian rhythm disruption, and increase in alcohol consumption. They can increase the risk of CRC by changing the colonic environment and by altering gut microbiota composition, a state referred to as gut dysbiosis. Prebiotics, which are nutrients that can help maintain intestinal microbial homeostasis and mitigate dysbiosis, could be beneficial in preventing inflammation and CRC. These nutrients can hinder the effects of dysbiosis by encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria involved in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, anti-inflammatory immunity, maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and other cellular mechanisms. This review aims to summarize recent reports about the implication of prebiotics, and probable mechanisms, in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Various experimental studies, specifically in gut microbiome, have effectively demonstrated the protective effect of prebiotics in the progress of CRC. Hence, comprehensive knowledge is urgent to understand the clinical applications of prebiotics in the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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Dairy Consumption and Risk of Conventional and Serrated Precursors of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9948814. [PMID: 34122548 PMCID: PMC8172303 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9948814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective The consumption of dairy is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but few studies have assessed the relationship between dairy consumption and precursors of CRC. Therefore, we performed the first meta-analysis to further evaluate this association. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched through July 2020 for observational studies. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus lowest category were pooled using the random-effects and fixed-effects model. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I Scale. Results A total of 12 studies were included (3 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies). Compared with the lowest level consumption, fermented dairy products had a decreased risk of precursors of CRC in both cohort (RR = 0.92 95% CI: 0.87–0.97) and case-control studies (RR = 0.98 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). Total dairy (RR = 0.80 95% CI: 0.68–0.96) and cheese (RR = 0.96 95% CI: 0.93–0.99) consumption was inversely associated with the risk in case-control studies whereas yogurt consumption was inversely associated with the risk in cohort studies (RR = 0.91 95%CI: 0.86–0.96). No significant associations were found for consumption of total milk and non/low-fat milk. For dose-response analyses, evidence of linear association was found in total dairy and yogurt consumption. The risk decreased by 12% for an increment of 200 g/d total dairy consumption (RR = 0.88 95% CI: 0.81–0.95) and decreased by 8% for an increment of 50 g/d yogurt consumption (RR = 0.92 95% CI: 0.85–0.99). Conclusions Fermented dairy products, specifically yogurt and cheese, were significantly associated with decreased risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer.
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Bonde A, Daly S, Kirsten J, Kondapaneni S, Mellnick V, Menias CO, Katabathina VS. Human Gut Microbiota-associated Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Comprehensive Review. Radiographics 2021; 41:1103-1122. [PMID: 33989072 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microbes. The gut and various types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, form a complex ecosystem known as the gut microbiota, and the whole genome of the gut microbiota is referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota is essential for homeostasis and the overall well-being of a person and is increasingly considered an adjunct "virtual organ," with a complexity level comparable to that of the other organ systems. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in nutrition, local mucosal homeostasis, inflammation, and the mucosal immune system. An imbalanced state of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can predispose to development of various gastrointestinal malignancies through three speculated pathogenic mechanisms: (a) direct cytotoxic effects with damage to the host DNA, (b) disproportionate proinflammatory signaling inducing inflammation, and (c) activation of tumorigenic pathways or suppression of tumor-suppressing pathways. Several microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma species, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus bovis, are associated with gastrointestinal malignancies such as esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and anal squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and management of microbiota-associated gastrointestinal malignancies. Appropriate use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and overall promotion of the healthy gut are ongoing areas of research for prevention and treatment of malignancies. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Bonde
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Sean Daly
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Julia Kirsten
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Sainath Kondapaneni
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Vincent Mellnick
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Christine O Menias
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Venkata S Katabathina
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
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Nataraj BH, Shivanna SK, Rao P, Nagpal R, Behare PV. Evolutionary concepts in the functional biotics arena: a mini-review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:487-496. [PMID: 33936839 PMCID: PMC8050181 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the attempts to elucidate the role of beneficial microorganisms in shaping human health are becoming fairly apparent. The functional impact conferred by such microbes is not only transmitted by viable cells or their metabolites but also through non-viable cells. Extensive research to unveil the protective action of such wonder bugs has resulted in categorizing the beneficial microflora and their bioactive metabolites into a variety of functional biotic concepts based on their intended applications in various forms. In the modern era, these are often termed as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, next-generation probiotics, psychobiotics, oncobiotics, pharmabiotics, and metabiotics. Currently, the concept of traditional probiotics is being widened to include microbes beyond lactic acid bacteria. Indeed, this diversification has broadened the functional food portfolio from food to pharmaceuticals. In this context, the present review aims to summarize the existing biotic concepts and their differences thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu H. Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Insititute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Sonu K. Shivanna
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Insititute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Prabha Rao
- Dairy Microbiology Department, Dairy Science College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560024 India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101 USA
| | - Pradip V. Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Insititute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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64
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Catenza KF, Donkor KK. Recent approaches for the quantitative analysis of functional oligosaccharides used in the food industry: A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129416. [PMID: 33774226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides (OS) are diverse groups of carbohydrates that confer several health benefits stemming from their prebiotic activity. Commonly used oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, are used in a wide range of applications from food ingredients to mimic the prebiotic activity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in infant formula to sugar and fat replacers in dairy and bakery products. However, while consumption of these compounds is associated with several positive health effects, increased consumption can cause intestinal discomfort and aggravation of intestinal bowel syndrome symptoms. Hence, it is essential to develop rapid and reliable techniques to quantify OS for quality control and proper assessment of their functionality in food and food products. The present review will focus on recent analytical techniques used to quantify OS in different matrices such as food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Catenza
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - K K Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.
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Dioletis E, Paiva RS, Kaffe E, Secor ER, Weiss TR, Fields MR, Ouyang X, Ali A. The fermented soy beverage Q-CAN® plus induces beneficial changes in the oral and intestinal microbiome. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33658080 PMCID: PMC7931600 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soy products are associated with many beneficial health consequences, but their effects on the human intestinal microbiome are poorly characterized. Objectives To identify the changes in the oral and fecal microbiome in lean and obese participants due to consumption of Q-CAN®, and to assess the expected consequences of these changes based on the published literature. Methods Prospective study of lean (10) and obese (9) participants consuming Q-CAN® twice daily for 4 weeks with 8 weeks follow-up. Microbial DNA was extracted from saliva and stool samples, amplified against the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and data analyzed using QIIME 1.9.1 bioinformatics. Four hundred forty-four samples were collected in total, 424 of which were productive and yielded good quality data. Results STOOL. In the lean population Bifidobacteria and Blautia show a significant increase while taking Q-CAN®, and there was a trend for this in the obese population. ORAL. There were relatively fewer major changes in the oral microbiome with an increase in the family Veillonellaceae in the lean population while on Q-CAN®. Conclusion Q-CAN® consumption induced a number of significant changes in the fecal and oral microbiome. Most notably an increase in the stool microbiome of Bifidobacteria and Blautia, both of which are associated with positive health benefits, and in the saliva an increase in Veillonellaceae. Trial registration This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on January 14th 2016. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02656056 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-021-00408-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Dioletis
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ricardo S Paiva
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Eric R Secor
- Hartford Hospital and University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Theresa R Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Maxine R Fields
- Department of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Ather Ali
- Department of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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Li Q, Hu W, Liu WX, Zhao LY, Huang D, Liu XD, Chan H, Zhang Y, Zeng JD, Coker OO, Kang W, Ng SSM, Zhang L, Wong SH, Gin T, Chan MTV, Wu JL, Yu J, Wu WKK. Streptococcus thermophilus Inhibits Colorectal Tumorigenesis Through Secreting β-Galactosidase. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1179-1193.e14. [PMID: 32920015 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Streptococcus thermophilus was identified to be depleted in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 526 multicohort fecal samples. Here, we aim to investigate whether this bacterium could act as a prophylactic for CRC prevention. METHODS The antitumor effects of S thermophilus were assessed in cultured colonic epithelial cells and in 2 murine models of intestinal tumorigenesis. The tumor-suppressive protein produced by S thermophilus was identified by mass spectrometry and followed by β-galactosidase activity assay. The mutant strain of S thermophilus was constructed by homologous recombination. The effect of S thermophilus on the gut microbiota composition was assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Oral gavage of S thermophilus significantly reduced tumor formation in both Apcmin/+ and azoxymethane-injected mice. Coincubation with S thermophilus or its conditioned medium decreased the proliferation of cultured CRC cells. β-Galactosidase was identified as the critical protein produced by S thermophilus by mass spectrometry screening and β-galactosidase activity assay. β-Galactosidase secreted by S thermophilus inhibited cell proliferation, lowered colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, and promoted apoptosis of cultured CRC cells and retarded the growth of CRC xenograft. The mutant S thermophilus without functional β-galactosidase lost its tumor-suppressive effect. Also, S thermophilus increased the gut abundance of known probiotics, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus via β-galactosidase. β-Galactosidase-dependent production of galactose interfered with energy homeostasis to activate oxidative phosphorylation and downregulate the Hippo pathway kinases, which partially mediated the anticancer effects of S thermophilus. CONCLUSION S thermophilus is a novel prophylactic for CRC prevention in mice. The tumor-suppressive effect of S thermophilus is mediated at least by the secretion of β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liu-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ju-Deng Zeng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao.
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Chattopadhyay I, Dhar R, Pethusamy K, Seethy A, Srivastava T, Sah R, Sharma J, Karmakar S. Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiome in Colon Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1780-1799. [PMID: 33492552 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolic transformations of dietary components into oncometabolites and tumor-suppressive metabolites that in turn affect CRC development. In a healthy colon, the major of microbial metabolism is saccharolytic fermentation pathways. The alpha-bug hypothesis suggested that oncogenic bacteria such as enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) induce the development of CRC through direct interactions with colonic epithelial cells and alterations of microbiota composition at the colorectal site. Escherichia coli, E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, and Streptococcus gallolyticus showed higher abundance whereas Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia showed reduced abundance in CRC patients. The alterations of gut microbiota may be used as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat CRC. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium inhibit the growth of CRC through inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis and enhancing the function of the intestinal barrier through the secretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Crosstalk between lifestyle, host genetics, and gut microbiota is well documented in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Future studies are required to understand the interaction between gut microbiota and host to the influence and prevention of CRC. However, a better understanding of bacterial dysbiosis in the heterogeneity of CRC tumors should also be considered. Metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic studies are considered a powerful omic tool to understand the anti-cancer properties of certain bacterial strains. The clinical benefits of probiotics in the CRC context remain to be determined. Metagenomic approaches along with metabolomics and immunology will open a new avenue for the treatment of CRC shortly. Dietary interventions may be suitable to modulate the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramkishor Sah
- Rajendra Prasad Center for Opthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, USA
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, NCI AIIMS, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Verediano TA, Viana ML, das G.V. Tostes M, Costa NM. The Potential Prebiotic Effects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200605160433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Colorectal cancer is caused by genetic predisposition and lifestyle risk factors
and is associated with altered homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Evidence suggests that
chronic infection and inflammation contribute to carcinogenic mutagenesis and promote cancer initiation
and progression. Food components with prebiotic properties, such as fructooligosaccharides
(FOS), promote intestinal integrity and health benefits. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is an abundant
source of FOS, which are fermented by beneficial bacteria, improving the intestinal environment
affected by colorectal cancer.
Objective:
In the current review, the aim was to discuss colorectal cancer and its inflammatory process
of development. Also, some general aspects concerning yacon roots and its prebiotic properties
are described. Finely, the beneficial effects of yacon to reduce intestinal parameters altered due to
colorectal cancer are summarized.
Conclusion:
It was verified that yacon might improve immunological parameters, intestinal barrier,
intestinal microbiota, and inflammation in induced colorectal cancer in animals, especially. Researches
with humans must be further investigated to prove these positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaísa A. Verediano
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle L. Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural And Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
| | - Maria das G.V. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural And Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
| | - Neuza M.B. Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural And Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
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Choudhry H. The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E206. [PMID: 33401586 PMCID: PMC7795182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for ~18 million deaths globally each year, representing a major cause of death. Several types of therapy strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, have been implemented in treating various types of cancer. Microbes have recently been found to be both directly and indirectly involved in cancer progression and regulation, and studies have provided novel and clear insights into the microbiome-mediated emergence of cancers. Scientists around the globe are striving hard to identify and characterize these microbes and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote or suppress various kinds of cancer. Microbes may influence immunotherapy by blocking various cell cycle checkpoints and the production of certain metabolites. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the role of these microbes in the promotion and suppression of cancer. The identification of microbes may help in the development of future diagnostic tools to cure cancers possibly associated with the microbiome. This review mainly focuses on various microbes and their association with different types of cancer, responses to immunotherapeutic modulation, physiological responses, and prebiotic and postbiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Tang G, Zhang L. Update on Strategies of Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 74:27-38. [PMID: 33356609 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1865420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the further research on probiotics, probiotics may become an indispensable part in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the future. As one of the most common cancer, the incidence of CRC is still rising in developing countries. Nowadays, there are lacking in prevention methods with low side effect. Surgery and chemotherapy, as the main treatment of CRC, bring many complications and affect the quality of life of patients. Probiotics has provided new ideas to solve these problems. Probiotics have anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, tumor-suppressing and other beneficial effects. Probiotics may provide some safe and effective prevention strategies for CRC. In addition, probiotics can also reduce the complications of surgery and chemotherapy, and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Target administration with probiotics or probiotics cooperated with TRAIL to treat CRC. This article aims to review the mechanisms of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of CRC, as well as specific ways to use probiotics, in order to provide more new strategies for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the future, and reduce the incidence of and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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The Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010020. [PMID: 33374549 PMCID: PMC7793079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is considered one of the leading causes of human mortality in the world and is the subject of much research. The risk of developing cancer depends on genetic factors, as well as the body’s immune status. The intestinal microbiome plays very important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Probiotics have gained increasing medical significance due to the beneficial effect on the human body associated with the prevention and support of the treatment of many chronic diseases, including cancer in the absence of side effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge about the effect of probiotic microorganisms in the prevention of cancer. There is a lot of evidence that the use of probiotics can play an important role in cancer prevention and support anti-cancer therapies. Abstract The gut microbiome can play important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. An imbalance in the gut microbiome can lead to pro-inflammatory immune responses and the initiation of disease processes, including cancer. The research results prove some strains of probiotics by modulating intestinal microbiota and immune response can be used for cancer prevention or/and as adjuvant treatment during anticancer chemotherapy. This review presents the latest advances in research into the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment support of cancer. The described issues concern to the anticancer activity of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites. In addition, we described the potential mechanisms of probiotic chemoprevention and the advisability of using probiotics.
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Tasdemir SS, Sanlier N. An insight into the anticancer effects of fermented foods: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Verediano TA, Viana ML, das Graças Vaz Tostes M, de Oliveira DS, de Carvalho Nunes L, Costa NM. Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) prevented inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal alterations in an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5442-5449. [PMID: 32567144 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots store carbohydrate in the form of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which improve intestinal health. Yacon has the potential to prevent the intestinal barrier alterations associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of yacón flour (YF) on alterations promoted by CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. RESULTS CRC increased tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (group CY = 10.2 ± 0.72; group C = 9.6 ± 1.0; group Y = 5.8 ± 0.54; group S = 5.95 ± 0.6 pg mL-1 ) and short-chain fatty acid production, and decreased total antioxidant capacity (group CY = 4.7 ± 0.72; group C = 3.3 ± 0.3; group Y = 4.1 ± 0.47; group S = 6.7 ± 0.78 U mL-1 ). Furthermore, YF treatment reduced intraluminal pH (group CY = 6.45 ± 0.47; group C = 7.65 ± 0.44; group Y = 6.75 ± 0.46; group S = 8.13 ± 0.2), lactulose/mannitol ratio, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interleukin (IL)-10 ratio, and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (group CY = 9.48 ± 1.46; group C = 10.95 ± 3.87; group Y = 15.95 ± 7.36; group S = 9.19 ± 1.52), but did not affect IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels nor the IL-12/IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSION YF as a source of fructooligosaccharides may help to maintain the integrity of intestinal health, which is altered in induced CRC in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaísa A Verediano
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mirelle L Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Vaz Tostes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela S de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louisiane de Carvalho Nunes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mb Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Alegre, Brazil
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Silveira DSC, Veronez LC, Lopes-Júnior LC, Anatriello E, Brunaldi MO, Pereira-da-Silva G. Lactobacillus bulgaricus inhibits colitis-associated cancer via a negative regulation of intestinal inflammation in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6782-6794. [PMID: 33268961 PMCID: PMC7684459 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i43.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) accounts for 2%-3% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases preceded by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Intestinal microbiota has been reported to play a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD and CAC. Recently, numerous prebiotics and probiotics have being investigated as antitumor agents due to their capacity to modulate inflammatory responses. Previous studies have indicated that lactic acid bacteria could be successfully used in managing sporadic CRC, however little is known about their role in CAC.
AIM To investigate the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC).
METHODS C57BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg), followed by three cycles of sodium dextran sulphate diluted in water (5% w/v). Probiotic group received daily L. bulgaricus. Intestinal inflammation was determined by scoring clinical signs. Cytokines levels were determined from colon and/or tumor samples by ELISA BD OptEIATM kits. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Graphs were generated and statistical analysis performed using the software GraphPad Prism 6.0.
RESULTS L. bulgaricus treatment inhibited of total tumor volume and mean size of tumors. In addition, the probiotic also attenuated the clinical signs of intestinal inflammation inducing a decrease in intestinal and tumor levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23 and IL-1β.
CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential chemopreventive effect of probiotic on CAC. L. bulgaricus regulates the inflammatory response and preventing CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Sayuri Calheiros Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória 29043-900, ES, Brazil
| | - Elen Anatriello
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Pereira-da-Silva
- Department of Maternal-Infant Nursing and Public Health, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
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75
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Vacante M, Ciuni R, Basile F, Biondi A. Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Development: A Closer Look to the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E489. [PMID: 33182693 PMCID: PMC7697438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is wide evidence that CRC could be prevented by regular physical activity, keeping a healthy body weight, and following a healthy and balanced diet. Many sporadic CRCs develop via the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway, starting as premalignant lesions represented by conventional, tubular or tubulovillous adenomas. The gut bacteria play a crucial role in regulating the host metabolism and also contribute to preserve intestinal barrier function and an effective immune response against pathogen colonization. The microbiota composition is different among people, and is conditioned by many environmental factors, such as diet, chemical exposure, and the use of antibiotic or other medication. The gut microbiota could be directly involved in the development of colorectal adenomas and the subsequent progression to CRC. Specific gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, could be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Potential mechanisms of CRC progression may include DNA damage, promotion of chronic inflammation, and release of bioactive carcinogenic metabolites. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC, and discuss major mechanisms of microbiota-related progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (F.B.); (A.B.)
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76
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Gomaa EZ. Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:2019-2040. [PMID: 33136284 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has received considerable interest in the recent years and our knowledge of the inhabitant species and their potential applications is increased particularly after the development of metagenomic studies. Gut microbiota is highly diverse and harboring trillions of microorganisms in human digestive system. The shaping and multiplication of gut microbiome starts at birth, while the modification of their composition depends mainly on various genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. The modification in the composition and function of the gut microbiota can change intestinal permeability, digestion and metabolism as well as immune responses. The pro inflammatory state caused by alternation of gut microbiota balance lead to the onset of many diseases ranging from gastrointestinal and metabolic conditions to immunological and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this context, the present review clarifies the role of gut microbiota in maintaining host health and investigates how nutritional and environmental factors affect the gut microbial structure and function. In addition, many therapeutic strategies of gut microbiota aimed at modulating and restoring of the intestinal ecosystem balance have been surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zakaria Gomaa
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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77
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Kowaleski J, Quast LB, Steffens J, Lovato F, Rodrigues dos Santos L, Zambiazi da Silva S, Maschio de Souza D, Felicetti MA. Functional yogurt with strawberries and chia seeds. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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78
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Basavaiah R, Gurudutt PS. Prebiotic Carbohydrates for Therapeutics. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:230-245. [PMID: 32990546 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200929140522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The food industry is constantly shifting focus based on prebiotics as health-promoting substrates rather than just food supplements. A prebiotic is "a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health." Prebiotics exert a plethora of health-promoting effects, which has lead to the establishment of multimillion food and pharma industries. The following are the health benefits attributed to prebiotics: mineral absorption, better immune response, increased resistance to bacterial infection, improved lipid metabolism, possible protection against cancer, relief from poor digestion of lactose, and reduction in the risk of diseases such as intestinal disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity and allergy. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated the health benefits of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Basavaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, Karnataka, CSIR, India
| | - Prapulla S Gurudutt
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, Karnataka, CSIR, India
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79
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Longhi G, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. Microbiota and Cancer: The Emerging Beneficial Role of Bifidobacteria in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575072. [PMID: 33013813 PMCID: PMC7507897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intestinal bacteria are believed to be involved in various inflammatory and immune processes that influence tumor etiology because of their metabolic properties and their ability to alter the microbiota homeostasis. Although many functions of the microbiota are still unclear, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that the intestinal microbiota is able to modulate carcinogenesis and the response to anticancer therapies, both in the intestinal tract and other body sites. Among the wide variety of gut-colonizing microorganisms, various species belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus are believed to elicit beneficial effects on human physiology and on the host-immune system. Recent findings, based on preclinical mouse models and on human clinical trials, have demonstrated the impact of gut commensals including bifidobacteria on the efficacy of tumor-targeting immunotherapy. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure, bifidobacteria and other microorganisms have become a promising aid to immunotherapeutic procedures that are currently applied to treat cancer. The present review focuses on strategies to recruit the microbiome in order to enhance anticancer responses and develop therapies aimed at fighting the onset and progression of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Alimentary Pharmabotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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80
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The effects of a mixture of Lactobacillus species on colorectal tumor cells activity through modulation of Hes1 pathway. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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81
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Camandaroba MPG, Iseas S, Oliveira C, Taboada RG, Xerfan MP, Mauro CC, Silva VS, Barros M, de Jesus VHF, Felismino T, Aguiar S, Gobo ML, Mello CA, Riechelmann RP. Disease-Free Survival and Time to Complete Response After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Anus According to HIV Infection. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:e129-e136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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82
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Dixon A, Robertson K, Yung A, Que M, Randall H, Wellalagodage D, Cox T, Robertson D, Chi C, Sun J. Efficacy of Probiotics in Patients of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:74. [PMID: 32860083 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis examined the effect of probiotics on outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors (high blood pressure, overweight BMI, high cholesterol and triglycerides, elevated HbA1c and serum glucose). All randomised controlled trials publish on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Grey Literature and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from 1990 to 2020 were systematically searched. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of studies. A total of 34 studies with 2177 adults were selected for inclusion in the analysis. The mean difference and effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were analysed for the pooled results. Statistically significant pooled effects of probiotics were found in the reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, serum glucose, HbA1C and BMI; and elevation of HDL-C. No significant changes were observed in the outcome of triglycerides. Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant effects of probiotics on the treatment of risk factors, with results favouring longer duration of treatment (> 1.5 months), use of alternate formulations (kefir and powder), higher dosage of probiotics (> 1.0 × 109 CFU), lower rate of study attrition (< 15%), double blinding of the study, diabetic patients and female populations. In summary, our meta-analysis showed a highly significant reduction in SBP, DBP associated with type 2 diabetes and in patients with diabetes mellitus, milk intake and more than 1.5 months duration intake. The effect on the reduction of total cholesterol LDL-C was associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, yoghurt intake and less than 1.5 months probiotic intake. The effect on the reduction of glucose and HbA1c was associated with diabetes, small dosage of probiotics, milk type and less than 1.5 months duration intake. Additionally, probiotic supplement had a beneficial effect in reducing BMI associated with obesity, higher dosage intake of probiotics and more than 1.5 months duration of intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Dixon
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,St Paul's College Graduate House, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kai Robertson
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Amanda Yung
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Que
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayden Randall
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,St Paul's College Graduate House, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Don Wellalagodage
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,St Paul's College Graduate House, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Tynan Cox
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia
| | - Dylan Robertson
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia
| | - Cheng Chi
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia.
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83
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Sun M, Liu W, Song Y, Tuo Y, Mu G, Ma F. The Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum-12 Crude Exopolysaccharides on the Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Colon Cancer (HT-29) Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:413-421. [PMID: 32844363 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide (EPS) of some Lactobacillus strains has been reported to exert anti-cancer activities. In this study, the effects of crude EPSs produced by four Lactobacillus plantarum strains (Lactobacillus plantarum-12, L. plantarum-14, L. plantarum-32, and L. plantarum-37) on HT-29 cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied. The results showed that the inhibition rate of the crude EPS produced by L. plantarum-12 on HT-29 cell proliferation was significantly higher than that of the EPS produced by the other three strains. L. plantarum-12 crude EPS (50, 100, 250, 500 μg/ml) exerted inhibitory effects on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HT-29 cells in a positive dose-dependent manner. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis rate were also increased in HT-29 cells treated with different concentrations of L. plantarum-12 crude EPS compared with control cells. Further studies found that the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Cyt C, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 was upregulated and that the expression of the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was decreased in HT-29 cells treated with L. plantarum-12 crude EPS compared with control cells. The results suggested that the EPS produced by L. plantarum-12 could inhibit the proliferation of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 through the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.,Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglian Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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84
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Enhanced Viability of Probiotics against Gastric Acid by One-Step Coating Process with Poly-L-Lysine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070662. [PMID: 32674435 PMCID: PMC7407136 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their low acid tolerance, a majority of probiotics face difficulties with regard to surviving in the gastric environment long enough to reach the intestinal surfaces where they colonize and provide health benefits. We prepared a probiotic delivery system that can enhance their viability in acidic conditions by developing a one-step poly-L-lysine (PLL) coating process. We determined whether the coating process was successful by measuring the zeta potential and observing it with confocal scanning microscopy. PLL-coated L. plantarum (PLL-LP), incubated in a solution of pH 2 for 2 h, exhibited a higher viability (6.86 ± 0.12 log CFU/mL of viable cells) than non-coated L. plantarum (non-coated LP), which exhibited only 2.7 ± 1.23 log CFU/mL of viable cells. In addition, a higher amount of L. plantarum was detected in the feces of mice orally administered PLL-LP (6.2 ± 0.4 log CFU/g of feces) than in the feces of the control groups. In addition to enhancing probiotic viability in pH 2 solution, the PLL coating showed no effect on the probiotic growth pattern and the viability of either freeze-dried L. plantarum or L. plantarum, stored at −20 °C and 4 °C, respectively. Overall, these results indicated that the PLL coating is a promising potential probiotic delivery system.
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85
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Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:4925-4943. [PMID: 32514151 PMCID: PMC7314664 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research about the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a newly emerging field of study. Gut microbiota modulation, with the aim to reverse established microbial dysbiosis, is a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of CRC. Different strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been employed. Although these strategies show promising results, mechanistically by correcting microbiota composition, modulating innate immune system, enhancing gut barrier function, preventing pathogen colonization and exerting selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, it should be noted that they are accompanied by risks and controversies that can potentially introduce clinical complications. During bench-to-bedside translation, evaluation of risk-and-benefit ratio, as well as patient selection, should be carefully performed. In view of the individualized host response to gut microbiome intervention, developing personalized microbiome therapy may be the key to successful clinical treatment.
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86
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Wang D, Zhu X, Tang X, Li H, Yizhen X, Chen D. Auxiliary antitumor effects of fungal proteins from Hericium erinaceus by target on the gut microbiota. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1872-1890. [PMID: 32460371 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents a major disease burden worldwide. Despite continuous advances obtained in medical therapies recently, resistance to standard drugs and adverse effects still represent important causes of therapeutic failure. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota can affect the response to chemo- and immunotherapeutic drugs by modulating efficacy and/or toxicity, and diet is the most important factor affecting the gut microbiota. In this study, we assessed the auxiliary antitumor effects of immunomodulatory fungal proteins from Hericium erinaceus (HEP) administered with the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), and we attempted to identify new potential prebiotic bacteria for auxiliary antitumor treatment. There were 1,455 proteins identified from H. erinaceus. In a xenografted mouse model of cancer, HEP with 5-Fu significantly suppressed tumor growth, inhibited inflammatory markers such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and regulated the expression of Akt, CCDN1, CKD4, FOXM1, MMP7, MYC, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that HEP ameliorated the dysbacteriosis induced by 5-Fu, as it inhibited certain aerobic and microaerobic bacteria including Parabacteroides, Flavobacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Anoxybacillus, Aggregatibacter, Comamonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Aerococcaceae, and Bilophila in the xenografted mice, and increase some probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Gemellales, Blautia, Sutterella, Anaerostipes, Roseburia, Lachnobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Desulfovibrio. This demonstrates that HEP could promote the antitumor efficacy of 5-Fu by improving the microbiota composition, the immune inflammatory response, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.,Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Xiaocui Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Xie Yizhen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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87
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Ghanavati R, Akbari A, Mohammadi F, Asadollahi P, Javadi A, Talebi M, Rohani M. Lactobacillus species inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer progression through modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:1-13. [PMID: 32419125 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are known to exert a wide range of anticancer activities on their animal hosts. In the present study, the anticancer effect of a cocktail of several potential probiotic Lactobacillus species (potential probiotic L.C) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. MTT and Flow cytometry tests results showed that administration of live potential probiotic L.C significantly decreased the HT-29 and CT-26 cells proliferation and induced late apoptotis in a time-dependent manner. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that exposure of potential probiotic L.C to both HT-29 and CT-26 cells during the incubation times resulted in the upregulation (apc and CSNK1ε for HT-29, CSNK1ε and gsk3β for CT-26) and downregulation (CTNNB1, CCND1, pygo2, axin2 and id2) of the Wnt/β- catenin pathway-related genes in a time-dependent manner. The significance of in vitro anticancer effect of potential probiotic L.C was further confirmed in an experimental tumor model. Data from the murine model of colorectal cancer (CRC) induced by Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) showed significantly alleviated inflammation and tumor development in AOM/DSS/L.C-injected mice compared to the AOM/DSS-injected mice. Tumor growth inhibition was accompanied by potential probiotic L.C-driven upregulation and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes, similar to the in vitro results. These results showed that potential probiotic L.C inhibited the tumor growth, and that its anticancer activity was at least partially mediated through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overall, the present study suggested that this probiotic could be used clinically as a supplement for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ghanavati
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Pathology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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88
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Rad AH, Aghebati-Maleki L, Kafil HS, Abbasi A. Molecular mechanisms of postbiotics in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1787-1803. [PMID: 32410512 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1765310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been rising expeditiously and anticipated that 2.4 million new occasions of CRC will be detected yearly around the world until the year 2035. Due to some side-effects and complications of conventional CRC therapies, bioactive components such as microbial-derived biomolecules (postbiotics) have been attaining great significance by researchers for adjuvant therapy in CRC patients. The term 'postbiotics' encompasses an extensive range of complex micro- and macro-molecules (<50, 50-100, and 100< kDa) such as inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions or metabolites, which confer various physiological health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Postbiotics modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and the functionality of the immune system, as well as promote the CRC treatment effectiveness and reduces its side-effects in CRC patients due to possessing anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Presently scientific literature confirms that postbiotics with their unique characteristics in terms of clinical (safe origin), technological (stability), and economic (low production costs) aspects can be used as promising tools for both prevent and adjuvant treat strategies in CRC patients without any serious undesirable side-effects. This review provides an overview of the concept and safety issues regarding postbiotics, with emphasis on their biological role in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student's research committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Frakolaki G, Giannou V, Kekos D, Tzia C. A review of the microencapsulation techniques for the incorporation of probiotic bacteria in functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1515-1536. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1761773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Virginia Giannou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kekos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Polytechnioupoli Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantina Tzia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens School of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece
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90
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Yue Y, Ye K, Lu J, Wang X, Zhang S, Liu L, Yang B, Nassar K, Xu X, Pang X, Lv J. Probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum YYC-3 prevents colon cancer in mice by regulating the tumour microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110159. [PMID: 32353824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays important roles in chronic inflammation and colon cancer. Lactobacillus is a gut-resident probiotic with benefits to host health. We recently identified Lactobacillus plantarum strain YYC-3 with strong inhibition against two colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco2). However, the inhibitory effect of YYC-3 against colon cancer in vivo has not been verified. Thus, in the present study, we explored the probiotic function of strain YYC-3 and its cell-free supernatant (YYCS) respectively in the APCMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer during tumour development and growth, and the underlying anti-cancer mechanism. Treatment of both strain YYC-3 and the YYCS prevented the occurrence of colon tumours and mucosal damage in APCMin/+ mice fed a high-fat diet, although YYC-3 had a stronger anti-cancer effect. The mechanism involved modulation of the immune system and downregulated expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 F, and IL-22, along with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, YYC-3 suppressed activation of the NF-κB and Wnt signalling pathways, and restored the altered gut microbiota composition to closely match that of wild-type mice. These results lay a theoretical foundation for application of YYC-3 in colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchun Yue
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Kai Ye
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Khaled Nassar
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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91
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Jaskulski IB, Uecker J, Bordini F, Moura F, Gonçalves T, Chaves NG, Camargo F, Grecco FB, Fiorentini ÂM, da Silva WP, Andreazza R, Pieniz S. In vivo action of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolate (R7) with probiotic potential in the stabilization of cancer cells in the colorectal epithelium. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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92
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Fermented soy milk prepared using kefir grains prevents and ameliorates obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and Liver-Kidney toxicities in HFFD-rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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93
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Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Reyes-Arellano A, Morales-González JA, Álvarez-González I, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Anguiano-Robledo L, Morales-González Á. Supramolecular complex formation, a possible antigenotoxic mechanism of glucomannan against aflatoxin B1. TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2020.1715410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alicia Reyes-Arellano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Claudia C. Calzada-Mendoza
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Ciudad de México, México
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94
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Zhou A, Tang L, Zeng S, Lei Y, Yang S, Tang B. Gut microbiota: A new piece in understanding hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:15-22. [PMID: 31917160 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota forms a symbiotic relationship with the host and benefits the body in many critical aspects of life. However, immune system defects, alterations in the gut microbiota and environmental changes can destroy this symbiotic relationship and may lead to diseases, including cancer. Due to the anatomic and functional connection of the gut and liver, increasing studies show the important role of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this manuscript, we review the available evidence and analyze some potential mechanisms of the gut microbiota, including bacterial dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and genotoxins, in the progression and promotion of HCC. Furthermore, we discuss the possible therapeutic applications of probiotics, chemotherapy modulation, immunotherapy, targeted drugs and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuo Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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95
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Lee CW, Chen HJ, Chien YH, Hsia SM, Chen JH, Shih CK. Synbiotic Combination of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010103. [PMID: 31905929 PMCID: PMC7019357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 106 cfu L. acidophilus/g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 107 cfu L. acidophilus/g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and L. acidophilus shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hua Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(2)-2736-1661 (ext. 6569)
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96
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Chundakkattumalayil HC, Kumar S, Narayanan R, Thalakattil Raghavan K. Role of L. plantarum KX519413 as Probiotic and Acacia Gum as Prebiotic in Gastrointestinal Tract Strengthening. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E659. [PMID: 31817751 PMCID: PMC6955796 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are potential mediators to maintaining healthy intestinal flora and have garnered an area of wide research in the past few years. The current study assesses the in vivo effects of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum MBTU-HK1), prebiotic (acacia gum) (either singly or in combination as a synbiotic on growth performance), biochemical, hematological, physiological, and immunological effects and their role in the reduction of procarcinogen enzyme activities in male Balb/c mice. The absence of treatment-related toxicity and a normal physiological range of biochemical and hematological parameters ensure their safe consumption. The synbiotic group was found to possess lowered cholesterol levels and enhanced protein and mineral content. The probiotic and synbiotic groups reinforced immunoglobulin levels and had a modulatory effect on phagocytosis. A lymphocyte proliferation pattern suggested the stimulatory effect of synbiotic combination on splenocyte viability and proliferation. Total antioxidant capability in the liver was determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and all the treatment groups were found to possess increased scavenging activity. Synbiotic and prebiotic treatment was observed to lead to reduced tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels. Bacterial procarcinogenic fecal enzyme activities were found to be decreased, proving their role in the prevention of colon cancer incidence. This study proves the potency and safety of oral administration of L. plantarum MBTU-HK1 and acacia gum either individually or in combination.
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97
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Chen D, Jin D, Huang S, Wu J, Xu M, Liu T, Dong W, Liu X, Wang S, Zhong W, Liu Y, Jiang R, Piao M, Wang B, Cao H. Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:456-467. [PMID: 31734354 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely involved in intestinal carcinogenesis. A marked reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria has been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); nevertheless, the potential benefit of butyrate-producing bacteria against intestinal tumor development has not been fully investigated. We found that Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum, one of the commonly used butyrate-producing bacteria in clinical settings) significantly inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal tumor development in Apcmin/+ mice. Moreover, intestinal tumor cells treated with C. butyricum exhibited decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Additionally, C. butyricum suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and modulated the gut microbiota composition, as demonstrated by decreases in some pathogenic bacteria and bile acid (BA)-biotransforming bacteria and increases in some beneficial bacteria, including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Accordingly, C. butyricum decreased the fecal secondary BA contents, increased the cecal SCFA quantities, and activated G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs), such as GPR43 and GPR109A. The anti-proliferative effect of C. butyricum was blunted by GPR43 gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The analysis of clinical specimens revealed that the expression of GPR43 and GPR109A gradually decreased from human normal colonic tissue to adenoma to carcinoma. Together, our results show that C. butyricum can inhibit intestinal tumor development by modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota and thus suggest the potential efficacy of butyrate-producing bacteria against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Duochen Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Mengque Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People's Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ruihuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People's Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Meiyu Piao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People's Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, PR China.
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98
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Alizadeh S, Barzegari A, Esmaeili A, Omidi Y. Designing a light-activated recombinant alpha hemolysin for colorectal cancer targeting. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2019; 10:187-193. [PMID: 32793441 PMCID: PMC7416006 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main health burden worldwide, which can cause major economic and physiological problems along with relatively high rate of mortality. It is important to develop new methods for the localized delivery of recombinant protein therapeutics, in large part due to the failure of conventional therapies in most cases. Since E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) does not produce any virulence factors, here we used these bacteria with the light-activated promoter system to deliver therapeutic agents in the desired location and time. Methods: In this study, Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin (SAH), after codon usage optimization, was cloned into blue light activating vector (pDawn) and transferred to EcN strain. Then, the functionality and cytotoxicity of secreted alpha hemolysin was evaluated in the SW480 colon cancer cell line by using different experiments, including blood agar test, flow cytometry analysis, and DAPI staining. Results: Our findings revealed that EcN can produce functional SAH under the blue light irradiation against SW480 cancer cells. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays confirmed the dose- and time-dependent toxicity of this payload (SAH) against SW480 cancer cells. Conclusion: Based on our results, EcN is proposed as an appropriate light-activated vehicle for delivery of anticancer agents to the target cancer cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Alizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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99
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Ngo N, Choucair K, Creeden JF, Qaqish H, Bhavsar K, Murphy C, Lian K, Albrethsen MT, Stanbery L, Phinney RC, Brunicardi FC, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis J. Bifidobacterium spp: the promising Trojan Horse in the era of precision oncology. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3861-3876. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective delivery of therapeutic agents into solid tumors has been a major challenge impeding the achievement of long-term disease remission and cure. The need to develop alternative drug delivery routes to achieve higher drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce unwanted off-target side effects and thus achieve greater therapeutic efficacy, has resulted in an explosive body of research. Bifidobacterium spp. are anaerobic, nonpathogenic, Gram-positive bacteria, commensal to the human gut that are a possible anticancer drug-delivery vehicle. In this review, we describe Bifidobacterium's microbiology, current clinical applications, overview of the preclinical work investigating Bifidobacterium's potential to deliver anticancer therapy, and review the different strategies used up to date. Finally, we discuss both current challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nealie Ngo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Khalil Choucair
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin F Creeden
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hanan Qaqish
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Krupa Bhavsar
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Chantal Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kendra Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mary T Albrethsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- ProMedica Health System, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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100
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Potential Mechanisms of Probiotics Action in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102453. [PMID: 31615096 PMCID: PMC6835638 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and most diagnosed cancers in the world. There are many predisposing factors, for example, genetic predisposition, smoking, or a diet rich in red, processed meat and poor in vegetables and fruits. Probiotics may be helpful in the prevention of cancer and may provide support during treatment. The main aim of this study is to characterize the potential mechanisms of action of probiotics, in particular the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Probiotics’ potential mechanisms of action are, for example, modification of intestinal microbiota, improvement of colonic physicochemical conditions, production of anticancerogenic and antioxidant metabolites against carcinogenesis, a decrease in intestinal inflammation, and the production of harmful enzymes. The prevention of colorectal cancer is associated with favorable quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as changes in metabolic activity and in the physicochemical conditions of the intestine. In addition, it is worth noting that the effect depends on the bacterial strain, as well as on the dose administered.
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