51
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Wang Y, Cho JW, Kastrunes G, Buck A, Razimbaud C, Culhane AC, Sun J, Braun DA, Choueiri TK, Wu CJ, Jones K, Nguyen QD, Zhu Z, Wei K, Zhu Q, Signoretti S, Freeman GJ, Hemberg M, Marasco WA. Immune-restoring CAR-T cells display antitumor activity and reverse immunosuppressive TME in a humanized ccRCC mouse model. iScience 2024; 27:108879. [PMID: 38327771 PMCID: PMC10847687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major barriers that have restricted successful use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in the treatment of solid tumors is an unfavorable tumor microenvironment (TME). We engineered CAR-T cells targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) to secrete anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), termed immune-restoring (IR) CAR G36-PDL1. We tested CAR-T cells in a humanized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) orthotopic mouse model with reconstituted human leukocyte antigen (HLA) partially matched human leukocytes derived from fetal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bearing human ccRCC skrc-59 cells under the kidney capsule. G36-PDL1 CAR-T cells, haploidentical to the tumor cells, had a potent antitumor effect compared to those without immune-restoring effect. Analysis of the TME revealed that G36-PDL1 CAR-T cells restored active antitumor immunity by promoting tumor-killing cytotoxicity, reducing immunosuppressive cell components such as M2 macrophages and exhausted CD8+ T cells, and enhancing T follicular helper (Tfh)-B cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jae-Won Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriella Kastrunes
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alicia Buck
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cecile Razimbaud
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aedin C. Culhane
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jiusong Sun
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A. Braun
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristen Jones
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne A. Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Dao T, Xiong G, Mun SS, Meyerberg J, Korontsvit T, Xiang J, Cui Z, Chang AY, Jarvis C, Cai W, Luo H, Pierson A, Daniyan A, Yoo S, Takao S, Kharas M, Kentsis A, Liu C, Scheinberg DA. A dual-receptor T-cell platform with Ab-TCR and costimulatory receptor achieves specificity and potency against AML. Blood 2024; 143:507-521. [PMID: 38048594 PMCID: PMC10950474 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy has produced remarkable clinical responses in B-cell neoplasms. However, many challenges limit this class of agents for the treatment of other cancer types, in particular the lack of tumor-selective antigens for solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which may be addressed without significant risk of severe toxicities while providing sufficient abundance for efficient tumor suppression. One approach to overcome this hurdle is dual targeting by an antibody-T-cell receptor (AbTCR) and a chimeric costimulatory signaling receptor (CSR) to 2 different antigens, in which both antigens are found together on the cancer cells but not together on normal cells. To explore this proof of concept in AML, we engineered a new T-cell format targeting Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) and CD33; both are highly expressed on most AML cells. Using an AbTCR comprising a newly developed TCR-mimic monoclonal antibody against the WT1 RMFPNAPYL (RMF) epitope/HLA-A2 complex, ESK2, and a secondary CSR comprising a single-chain variable fragment directed to CD33 linked to a truncated CD28 costimulatory fragment, this unique platform confers specific T-cell cytotoxicity to the AML cells while sparing healthy hematopoietic cells, including CD33+ myelomonocytic normal cells. These data suggest that this new platform, named AbTCR-CSR, through the combination of a AbTCR CAR and CSR could be an effective strategy to reduce toxicity and improve specificity and clinical outcomes in adoptive T-cell therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Sung Soo Mun
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy Meyerberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tatyana Korontsvit
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Ziyou Cui
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc, Emeryville, CA
| | - Aaron Y. Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Casey Jarvis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Winson Cai
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hanzhi Luo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Aspen Pierson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Daniyan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Yoo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sumiko Takao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc, Emeryville, CA
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Lin X, Guan T, Li Y, Lin Y, Huang G, Lin Y, Sun P, Li C, Gu J, Zeng H, Ma C. Efficacy of MUC1-targeted CAR-NK cells against human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337557. [PMID: 38390321 PMCID: PMC10882221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical efficacy of CAR-NK cells against CD19-expressing blood cancers has been demonstrated, and they have shown potential for treating solid tumors as well. However, the efficacy of CAR-NK cells for treating human oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has not been examined. Methods We assessed MUC1 expression in human OTSCC tissue and a cell line using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We constructed NK cells that express CAR targeted to MUC1 from pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-derived MUC1-targeted CAR-NK cells) and evaluated their effectiveness against OTSCC in vitro using the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis system and CCK8 assay, and in vivo by measuring xenograft growth daily in BNDG mice treated with MUC1-targeted CAR-NK cells. As controls, we used iPSC-derived NK cells and NK-free media, which were CAR-free and blank, respectively. Results MUC1 expression was detected in 79.5% (66/83) of all OTSCC patients and 72.7% (24/33) of stage III and IV. In stage III and IV MUC1 positive OTSCC, 63.6% (21/33) and 48.5% (16/33) patients had a MUC1-positive cancer cell rate of more than 50% and 80%, respectively. The iPSC-derived MUC1-targeted CAR-NK cells exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MUC1-expressing OTSCC cells in vitro, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and showed a significant inhibitory effect on xenograft growth compared to both the iPSC-derived NK cells and the blank controls. We observed no weight loss, severe hematological toxicity or NK cell-mediated death in the BNDG mice. Conclusion The MUC1-targeted CAR-NK cells had significant efficacy against human OTSCC, and their promising therapeutic response warrants further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Guan
- Guangdong Procapzoom Bioscience Inc., Guangzhou, China
- Procapzoom - Shantou University Medical College induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Guangdong Procapzoom Bioscience Inc., Guangzhou, China
- Procapzoom - Shantou University Medical College induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanchun Lin
- Guangdong Procapzoom Bioscience Inc., Guangzhou, China
- Procapzoom - Shantou University Medical College induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingnan Sun
- Department of Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Congzhu Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoyu Zeng
- Guangdong Procapzoom Bioscience Inc., Guangzhou, China
- Procapzoom - Shantou University Medical College induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Procapzoom - Shantou University Medical College induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) Research Center, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Mishra A, Maiti R, Mohan P, Gupta P. Antigen loss following CAR-T cell therapy: Mechanisms, implications, and potential solutions. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:211-222. [PMID: 37705357 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking immunotherapeutic approach for treating various hematological malignancies. CAR-T cells are engineered to express synthetic receptors that target specific antigens on cancer cells, leading to their eradication. While the therapy has shown remarkable efficacy, a significant challenge that has been observed in 30%-70% of patients showing recurrent disease is antigen loss or downregulation. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar for articles on antigen loss/escape following Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in malignancies. Antigen loss refers to the loss or reduction in the expression of the target antigen on cancer cells, rendering CAR-T cells ineffective. This phenomenon poses a significant clinical concern, as it can lead to disease relapse and limited treatment options. This review explores the mechanisms underlying antigen loss following CAR-T cell therapy, its implications on treatment outcomes, and potential strategies to overcome the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prafull Mohan
- Clinical Pharmacologist, Armed Forces Medical Services, Guwahati, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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55
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Liu X, Zhang G, Li S, Liu Y, Ma K, Wang L. Identification of gut microbes-related molecular subtypes and their biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2249-2272. [PMID: 38289597 PMCID: PMC10911361 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The role of gut microbes (GM) and their metabolites in colorectal cancer (CRC) development has attracted increasing attention. Several studies have identified specific microorganisms that are closely associated with CRC occurrence and progression, as well as key genes associated with gut microorganisms. However, the extent to which gut microbes-related genes can serve as biomarkers for CRC progression or prognosis is still poorly understood. This study used a bioinformatics-based approach to synthetically analyze the large amount of available data stored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Through this analysis, this study identified two distinct CRC molecular subtypes associated with GM, as well as CRC markers related to GM. In addition, these new subtypes exhibit significantly different survival outcomes and are characterized by distinct immune landscapes and biological functions. Gut microbes-related biomarkers (GMRBs), IL7 and BCL10, were identified and found to have independent prognostic value and predictability for immunotherapeutic response in CRC patients. In addition, a systematic collection and review of prior research literature on GM and CRC provided additional evidence to support these findings. In conclusion, this paper provides new insights into the underlying pathological mechanisms by which GM promotes the development of CRC and suggests potentially viable solutions for individualized prevention, screening, and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiyao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuechuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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56
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Wen X, Zeng W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Miao Y, Liu S, Yang Y, Xu JJ, Ye D. Cascade In Situ Self-Assembly and Bioorthogonal Reaction Enable the Enrichment of Photosensitizers and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for Pretargeted Cancer Theranostics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314039. [PMID: 38055211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report here a tumor-pretargted theranostic approach for multimodality imaging-guided synergistic cancer PDT by cascade alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-mediated in situ self-assembly and bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. Using the enzymatic catalysis of ALP that continuously catalyses the dephosphorylation and self-assembly of trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-bearing P-FFGd-TCO, a high density of fluorescent and magnetic TCO-containing nanoparticles (FMNPs-TCO) can be synthesized and retained on the membrane of tumor cells. They can act as 'artificial antigens' amenable to concurrently capture lately administrated tetrazine (Tz)-decorated PS (775NP-Tz) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor (SA-Tz) via the fast IEDDA reaction. This two-step pretargeting process can further induce FMNPs-TCO regrowth into microparticles (FMNPs-775/SA) directly on tumor cell membranes, which is analyzed by bio-SEM and fluorescence imaging. Thus, efficient enrichment of both SA-Tz and 775NP-Tz in tumors can be achieved, allowing to alleviate hypoxia by continuously inhibiting CA activity and improving PDT of tumors. Findings show that subcutaneous HeLa tumors could be completely eradicated and no tumor recurred after irradiation with an 808 nm laser (0.33 W cm-2 , 10 min). This pretargeted approach may be applied to enrich other therapeutic agents in tumors to improve targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaohai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Dhanushkumar T, M E S, Selvam PK, Rambabu M, Dasegowda KR, Vasudevan K, George Priya Doss C. Advancements and hurdles in the development of a vaccine for triple-negative breast cancer: A comprehensive review of multi-omics and immunomics strategies. Life Sci 2024; 337:122360. [PMID: 38135117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge in oncology due to its aggressive behavior and limited therapeutic options. This review explores the potential of immunotherapy, particularly vaccine-based approaches, in addressing TNBC. It delves into the role of immunoinformatics in creating effective vaccines against TNBC. The review first underscores the distinct attributes of TNBC and the importance of tumor antigens in vaccine development. It then elaborates on antigen detection techniques such as exome sequencing, HLA typing, and RNA sequencing, which are instrumental in identifying TNBC-specific antigens and selecting vaccine candidates. The discussion then shifts to the in-silico vaccine development process, encompassing antigen selection, epitope prediction, and rational vaccine design. This process merges computational simulations with immunological insights. The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in expediting the prediction of antigens and epitopes is also emphasized. The review concludes by encapsulating how Immunoinformatics can augment the design of TNBC vaccines, integrating tumor antigens, advanced detection methods, in-silico strategies, and AI-driven insights to advance TNBC immunotherapy. This could potentially pave the way for more targeted and efficacious treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dhanushkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Santhosh M E
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Selvam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Majji Rambabu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - K R Dasegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India.
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India.
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58
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Kumar H, Luo R, Wen J, Yang C, Zhou X, Kim P. FusionNeoAntigen: a resource of fusion gene-specific neoantigens. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1276-D1288. [PMID: 37870454 PMCID: PMC10767944 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse sources of neoantigens (i.e. single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions or deletions (Indels) and fusion genes), fusion gene-derived neoantigens are generally more immunogenic, have multiple targets per mutation and are more widely distributed across various cancer types. Therefore, fusion gene-derived neoantigens are a potential source of highly immunogenic neoantigens and hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy. However, the lack of fusion protein sequence resources and knowledge prevents this application. We introduce 'FusionNeoAntigen', a dedicated resource for fusion-specific neoantigens, accessible at https://compbio.uth.edu/FusionNeoAntigen. In this resource, we provide fusion gene breakpoint crossing neoantigens focused on ∼43K fusion proteins of ∼16K in-frame fusion genes from FusionGDB2.0. FusionNeoAntigen provides fusion gene information, corresponding fusion protein sequences, fusion breakpoint peptide sequences, fusion gene-derived neoantigen prediction, virtual screening between fusion breakpoint peptides having potential fusion neoantigens and human leucocyte antigens (HLAs), fusion breakpoint RNA/protein sequences for developing vaccines, information on samples with fusion-specific neoantigen, potential CAR-T targetable cell-surface fusion proteins and literature curation. FusionNeoAntigen will help to develop fusion gene-based immunotherapies. We will report all potential fusion-specific neoantigens from all possible open reading frames of ∼120K human fusion genes in future versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himansu Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruihan Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chengyuan Yang
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pora Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Shbeer AM. Current state of knowledge and challenges for harnessing the power of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155025. [PMID: 38147726 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
DCs have great promise for cancer immunotherapy and are essential for coordinating immune responses. In the battle against cancer, using DCs' ability to stimulate the immune system and focus it on tumor cells has shown to be a viable tactic. This study offers a thorough summary of recent developments as well as potential future paths for DC-based immunotherapy against cancer. This study reviews the many methods used in DC therapy, such as vaccination and active cellular immunotherapy. The effectiveness and safety of DC-based treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are highlighted in these investigations. The findings indicate longer survival times and superior results for particular patient groups. We are aware of the difficulties and restrictions of DC-based immunotherapy, though. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the intricacy of DC production, and the heterogeneity within DC populations. More study and development are needed to overcome these challenges to enhance immunological responses, optimize treatment regimens, and increase scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Zheng X, Song X, Zhu G, Pan D, Li H, Hu J, Xiao K, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K, Li W. Nanomedicine Combats Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308977. [PMID: 37968865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy are currently available as treatment methods. However, drug resistance is a significant factor in the failure of lung cancer treatments. Novel therapeutics have been exploited to address complicated resistance mechanisms of lung cancer and the advancement of nanomedicine is extremely promising in terms of overcoming drug resistance. Nanomedicine equipped with multifunctional and tunable physiochemical properties in alignment with tumor genetic profiles can achieve precise, safe, and effective treatment while minimizing or eradicating drug resistance in cancer. Here, this work reviews the discovered resistance mechanisms for lung cancer chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, and outlines novel strategies for the development of nanomedicine against drug resistance. This work focuses on engineering design, customized delivery, current challenges, and clinical translation of nanomedicine in the application of resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohai Song
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiankun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Chamorro DF, Somes LK, Hoyos V. Engineered Adoptive T-Cell Therapies for Breast Cancer: Current Progress, Challenges, and Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 38201551 PMCID: PMC10778447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, and novel treatment approaches are critically needed. This review presents an in-depth analysis of engineered adoptive T-cell therapies (E-ACTs), an innovative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their application in breast cancer. We explore the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies, highlighting their potential and challenges in targeting breast cancer. The review addresses key obstacles such as target antigen selection, the complex breast cancer tumor microenvironment, and the persistence of engineered T-cells. We discuss the advances in overcoming these barriers, including strategies to enhance T-cell efficacy. Finally, our comprehensive analysis of the current clinical trials in this area provides insights into the future possibilities and directions of E-ACTs in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Chamorro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Lauren K. Somes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fan T, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhu Z, Cao W, Dong C. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:450. [PMID: 38086815 PMCID: PMC10716479 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells. However, the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review. The range of antigen selection, antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design. Furthermore, this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies, focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment. However, current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges, including tumor immune microenvironment suppression, optimal candidate identification, immune response evaluation, and vaccine manufacturing acceleration. Therefore, the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingna Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base, Shanghai East Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhounan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Engblom C, Thrane K, Lin Q, Andersson A, Toosi H, Chen X, Steiner E, Lu C, Mantovani G, Hagemann-Jensen M, Saarenpää S, Jangard M, Saez-Rodriguez J, Michaëlsson J, Hartman J, Lagergren J, Mold JE, Lundeberg J, Frisén J. Spatial transcriptomics of B cell and T cell receptors reveals lymphocyte clonal dynamics. Science 2023; 382:eadf8486. [PMID: 38060664 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of lymphocyte clones within tissues is critical to their development, selection, and expansion. We have developed spatial transcriptomics of variable, diversity, and joining (VDJ) sequences (Spatial VDJ), a method that maps B cell and T cell receptor sequences in human tissue sections. Spatial VDJ captures lymphocyte clones that match canonical B and T cell distributions and amplifies clonal sequences confirmed by orthogonal methods. We found spatial congruency between paired receptor chains, developed a computational framework to predict receptor pairs, and linked the expansion of distinct B cell clones to different tumor-associated gene expression programs. Spatial VDJ delineates B cell clonal diversity and lineage trajectories within their anatomical niche. Thus, Spatial VDJ captures lymphocyte spatial clonal architecture across tissues, providing a platform to harness clonal sequences for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Engblom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Thrane
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qirong Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Andersson
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hosein Toosi
- SciLifeLab, Computational Science and Technology department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Embla Steiner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chang Lu
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mantovani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sami Saarenpää
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Jangard
- ENT Unit, Sophiahemmet University Research Laboratory and Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Lagergren
- SciLifeLab, Computational Science and Technology department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Guerra C, Kalaitsidou M, Kueberuwa G, Hawkins R, Edmondson R. Engineering strategies to optimise adoptive cell therapy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102632. [PMID: 37837788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is amongst the ten most common cancer types in women, and it is one of the leading causes of death. Despite the promising results of targeted therapies, including anti-angiogenic agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), the majority of patients will relapse and develop treatment resistance, implying that novel therapeutic strategies are required. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) refers to the process by which autologous immune cells are used to eliminate cancer. Examples include tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cells genetically engineered with T cell receptors (TCR), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Recently, ACT has revealed promising results in the treatment of haematological malignancies, however, its application to solid tumours is still limited due to lack of functionality and persistence of T cells, prevalence of an exhausted phenotype and impaired trafficking towards the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review we explore the potential of ACT for the treatment of ovarian cancer and strategies to overcome its principal limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Guerra
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Milena Kalaitsidou
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gray Kueberuwa
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert Hawkins
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Edmondson
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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65
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Roetman JJ, Erwin MM, Rudloff MW, Favret NR, Detrés Román CR, Apostolova MKI, Murray KA, Lee TF, Lee YA, Philip M. Tumor-Reactive CD8+ T Cells Enter a TCF1+PD-1- Dysfunctional State. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1630-1641. [PMID: 37844197 PMCID: PMC10841346 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
T cells recognize several types of antigens in tumors, including aberrantly expressed, nonmutated proteins, which are therefore shared with normal tissue and referred to as self/shared-antigens (SSA), and mutated proteins or oncogenic viral proteins, which are referred to as tumor-specific antigens (TSA). Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can activate T-cell responses against TSA, leading to tumor control, and also against SSA, causing immune-related adverse events (irAE). To improve anti-TSA immunity while limiting anti-SSA autoreactivity, we need to understand how tumor-specific CD8+ T cells (TST) and SSA-specific CD8+ T (SST) cells differentiate in response to cognate antigens during tumorigenesis. Therefore, we developed a genetic cancer mouse model in which we can track TST and SST differentiation longitudinally as liver cancers develop. We found that both TST and SST lost effector function over time, but while TST persisted long term and had a dysfunctional/exhausted phenotype (including expression of PD1, CD39, and TOX), SST exited cell cycle prematurely and disappeared from liver lesions. However, SST persisted in spleens in a dysfunctional TCF1+PD-1- state: unable to produce effector cytokines or proliferate in response to ICB targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. Thus, our studies identify a dysfunctional T-cell state occupied by T cells reactive to SSA: a TCF1+PD-1- state lacking in effector function, demonstrating that the type/specificity of tumor antigen may determine tumor-reactive T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Roetman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Megan M. Erwin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael W. Rudloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natalie R. Favret
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlos R. Detrés Román
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Minna K. I. Apostolova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen A. Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ting-Fang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Youngmin A. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary Philip
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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66
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Meng Z, Rodriguez Ehrenfried A, Tan CL, Steffens LK, Kehm H, Zens S, Lauenstein C, Paul A, Schwab M, Förster JD, Salek M, Riemer AB, Wu H, Eckert C, Leonhardt CS, Strobel O, Volkmar M, Poschke I, Offringa R. Transcriptome-based identification of tumor-reactive and bystander CD8 + T cell receptor clonotypes in human pancreatic cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh9562. [PMID: 37967201 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh9562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally refractory to immune checkpoint blockade, although patients with genetically unstable tumors can show modest therapeutic benefit. We previously demonstrated the presence of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in PDAC samples. Here, we charted the tumor-infiltrating T cell repertoire in PDAC by combining single-cell transcriptomics with functional testing of T cell receptors (TCRs) for reactivity against autologous tumor cells. On the basis of a comprehensive dataset including 93 tumor-reactive and 65 bystander TCR clonotypes, we delineated a gene signature that effectively distinguishes between these T cell subsets in PDAC, as well as in other tumor indications. This revealed a high frequency of tumor-reactive TCR clonotypes in three genetically unstable samples. In contrast, the T cell repertoire in six genetically stable PDAC tumors was largely dominated by bystander T cells. Nevertheless, multiple tumor-reactive TCRs were successfully identified in each of these samples, thereby providing a perspective for personalized immunotherapy in this treatment-resistant indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Meng
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Aaron Rodriguez Ehrenfried
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chin Leng Tan
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura K Steffens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Kehm
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lauenstein
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Paul
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Schwab
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas D Förster
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mogjiborahman Salek
- Division of Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Division of Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heshui Wu
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Christoph Eckert
- Pathology Institute, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl-Stephan Leonhardt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Volkmar
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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Nejo T, Wang L, Leung KK, Wang A, Lakshmanachetty S, Gallus M, Kwok DW, Hong C, Chen LH, Carrera DA, Zhang MY, Stevers NO, Maldonado GC, Yamamichi A, Watchmaker P, Naik A, Shai A, Phillips JJ, Chang SM, Wiita AP, Wells JA, Costello JF, Diaz AA, Okada H. Challenges in the discovery of tumor-specific alternative splicing-derived cell-surface antigens in glioma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564156. [PMID: 37961484 PMCID: PMC10634890 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite advancements in cancer immunotherapy, solid tumors remain formidable challenges. In glioma, profound inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of antigen landscape hampers therapeutic development. Therefore, it is critical to consider alternative sources to expand the repertoire of targetable (neo-)antigens and improve therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumor-specific alternative splicing (AS) could be an untapped reservoir of neoantigens. Results In this study, we investigated tumor-specific AS events in glioma, focusing on those predicted to generate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presentation-independent, cell-surface neoantigens that could be targeted by antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. We systematically analyzed bulk RNA-sequencing datasets comparing 429 tumor samples (from The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA]) and 9,166 normal tissue samples (from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project [GTEx]), and identified 13 AS events in 7 genes predicted to be expressed in more than 10% of the patients, including PTPRZ1 and BCAN , which were corroborated by an external RNA-sequencing dataset. Subsequently, we validated our predictions and elucidated the complexity of the isoforms using full-length transcript amplicon sequencing on patient-derived glioblastoma cells. However, analyses of the RNA-sequencing datasets of spatially mapped and longitudinally collected clinical tumor samples unveiled remarkable spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the candidate AS events. Furthermore, proteomics analysis did not reveal any peptide spectra matching the putative neoantigens. Conclusions Our investigation illustrated the diverse characteristics of the tumor-specific AS events and the challenges of antigen exploration due to their notable spatiotemporal heterogeneity and elusive nature at the protein levels. Redirecting future efforts toward intracellular, MHC-presented antigens could offer a more viable avenue.
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Garcia JM, Burnett CE, Roybal KT. Toward the clinical development of synthetic immunity to cancer. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:83-99. [PMID: 37491719 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology (synbio) tools, such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), have been designed to target, activate, and improve immune cell responses to tumors. These therapies have demonstrated an ability to cure patients with blood cancers. However, there are significant challenges to designing, testing, and efficiently translating these complex cell therapies for patients who do not respond or have immune refractory solid tumors. The rapid progress of synbio tools for cell therapy, particularly for cancer immunotherapy, is encouraging but our development process should be tailored to increase translational success. Particularly, next-generation cell therapies should be rooted in basic immunology, tested in more predictive preclinical models, engineered for potency with the right balance of safety, educated by clinical findings, and multi-faceted to combat a range of suppressive mechanisms. Here, we lay out five principles for engineering future cell therapies to increase the probability of clinical impact, and in the context of these principles, we provide an overview of the current state of synbio cell therapy design for cancer. Although these principles are anchored in engineering immune cells for cancer therapy, we posit that they can help guide translational synbio research for broad impact in other disease indications with high unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Cell Design Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cassandra E Burnett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Cell Design Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kole T Roybal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Cell Design Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
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Lichtensteiger C, Koblischke M, Berner F, Jochum AK, Sinnberg T, Balciunaite B, Purde MT, Walter V, Abdou MT, Hofmeister K, Kohler P, Vernazza P, Albrich WC, Kahlert CR, Zoufaly A, Traugott MT, Kern L, Pietsch U, Kleger GR, Filipovic M, Kneilling M, Cozzio A, Pop O, Bomze D, Bergthaler A, Hasan Ali O, Aberle J, Flatz L. Autoreactive T cells targeting type II pneumocyte antigens in COVID-19 convalescent patients. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103118. [PMID: 37826919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of autoreactive T cells on the course of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) remains elusive. Type II pneumocytes represent the main target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Autoimmune responses against antigens highly expressed in type II pneumocytes may influence the severity of COVID-19 disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate autoreactive T cell responses against self-antigens highly expressed in type II pneumocytes in the blood of COVID-19 patients with severe and non-severe disease. METHODS We collected blood samples of COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of disease severity and of pre-pandemic controls. T cell stimulation assays with peptide pools of type II pneumocyte antigens were performed in two independent cohorts to analyze the autoimmune T cell responses in patients with non-severe and severe COVID-19 disease. Target cell lysis assays were performed with lung cancer cell lines to determine the extent of cell killing by type II PAA-specific T cells. RESULTS We identified autoreactive T cell responses against four recently described self-antigens highly expressed in type II pneumocytes, known as surfactant protein A, surfactant protein B, surfactant protein C and napsin A, in the blood of COVID-19 patients. These antigens were termed type II pneumocyte-associated antigens (type II PAAs). We found that patients with non-severe COVID-19 disease showed a significantly higher frequency of type II PAA-specific autoreactive T cells in the blood when compared to severely ill patients. The presence of high frequencies of type II PAA-specific T cells in the blood of non-severe COVID-19 patients was independent of their age. We also found that napsin A-specific T cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients could kill lung cancer cells, demonstrating the functional and cytotoxic role of these T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that autoreactive type II PAA-specific T cells have a protective role in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the presence of high frequencies of these autoreactive T cells indicates effective viral control in COVID-19 patients. Type II-PAA-specific T cells may therefore promote the killing of infected type II pneumocytes and viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiamma Berner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Kristin Jochum
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Insitute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Balciunaite
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mette-Triin Purde
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Walter
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Abdou
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Hofmeister
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianna T Traugott
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kern
- Department of Pneumology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Pietsch
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Rescue and Pain Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Reto Kleger
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miodrag Filipovic
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Rescue and Pain Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Cozzio
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oltin Pop
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Omar Hasan Ali
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Judith Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Li T, Luo R, Su L, Lv F, Mei L, Yu Y. Advanced Materials and Delivery Systems for Enhancement of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cells. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300880. [PMID: 37653606 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy is a great success and breakthrough in immunotherapy. However, there are still lots of barriers to its wide use in clinical, including long time consumption, high cost, and failure against solid tumors. For these challenges, researches are deplored to explore CAR cells to more appliable products in clinical. This minireview focuses on the advanced non-viral materials for CAR-T transfection ex vivo with better performance, delivery systems combined with other therapy for enhancement of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors. In addition, the targeted delivery platform for CAR cells in vivo generation as a breakthrough technology as its low cost and convenience. In the end, the prospective direction and future of CAR cell therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Ran Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan, 655000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
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72
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Yarmarkovich M, Marshall QF, Warrington JM, Premaratne R, Farrel A, Groff D, Li W, di Marco M, Runbeck E, Truong H, Toor JS, Tripathi S, Nguyen S, Shen H, Noel T, Church NL, Weiner A, Kendsersky N, Martinez D, Weisberg R, Christie M, Eisenlohr L, Bosse KR, Dimitrov DS, Stevanovic S, Sgourakis NG, Kiefel BR, Maris JM. Targeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs. Nature 2023; 623:820-827. [PMID: 37938771 PMCID: PMC10665195 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of oncogenic drivers are intracellular proteins, constraining their immunotherapeutic targeting to mutated peptides (neoantigens) presented by individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes1. However, most cancers have a modest mutational burden that is insufficient for generating responses using neoantigen-based therapies2,3. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer that harbours few mutations and is instead driven by epigenetically deregulated transcriptional networks4. Here we show that the neuroblastoma immunopeptidome is enriched with peptides derived from proteins essential for tumorigenesis. We focused on targeting the unmutated peptide QYNPIRTTF discovered on HLA-A*24:02, which is derived from the neuroblastoma-dependency gene and master transcriptional regulator PHOX2B. To target QYNPIRTTF, we developed peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (PC-CARs) through a counter panning strategy using predicted potentially cross-reactive peptides. We further proposed that PC-CARs can recognize peptides on additional HLA allotypes when presenting a similar overall molecular surface. Informed by our computational modelling results, we show that PHOX2B PC-CARs also recognize QYNPIRTTF presented by HLA-A*23:01, the most common non-A2 allele in people with African ancestry. Finally, we demonstrate potent and specific killing of neuroblastoma cells expressing these HLAs in vitro and complete tumour regression in mice. These data suggest that PC-CARs have the potential to expand the pool of immunotherapeutic targets to include non-immunogenic intracellular oncoproteins and allow targeting through additional HLA allotypes in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Quinlen F Marshall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrington
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Erin Runbeck
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hau Truong
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jugmohit S Toor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helena Shen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Noel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amber Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Weisberg
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Christie
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Fridman WH, Meylan M, Pupier G, Calvez A, Hernandez I, Sautès-Fridman C. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells: An intratumoral immunity cycle. Immunity 2023; 56:2254-2269. [PMID: 37699391 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of anti-tumor immunity in the draining lymph nodes is known as the cancer immunity cycle. Accumulating evidence supports the occurrence of such a cycle at tumor sites in the context of chronic inflammation. Here, we review the role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the generation of T and B cell immunities, focusing on the impact of B cells that undergo full maturation, resulting in the generation of plasma cells (PCs) producing high-affinity IgG and IgA antibodies. In this context, we propose that antibodies binding to tumor cells induce macrophage or natural killer (NK)-cell-dependent apoptosis. Subsequently, released antigen-antibody complexes are internalized and processed by dendritic cells (DCs), amplifying antigen presentation to T cells. Immune complexes may also be fixed by follicular DCs (FDCs) in TLS, thereby increasing memory B cell responses. This amplification loop creates an intra-tumoral immunity cycle, capable of increasing sensitivity of tumors to immunotherapy even in cancers with low mutational burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf H Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL 2021), Paris, France.
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL 2021), Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Pupier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL 2021), Paris, France
| | - Anne Calvez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL 2021), Paris, France
| | - Isaïas Hernandez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL 2021), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL 2021), Paris, France
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Wang YS, Kumari M, Chen GH, Hong MH, Yuan JPY, Tsai JL, Wu HC. mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics: an in-depth survey of current and upcoming clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:84. [PMID: 37805495 PMCID: PMC10559634 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely delivering the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without activating the immune system. With regard to mRNA vaccines, researchers have modified the mRNA structure to enhance its stability and promote systemic tolerance of antigenic presentation in non-inflammatory contexts. Still, delivery of naked modified mRNAs is inefficient and results in low levels of antigen protein production. As such, lipid nanoparticles have been utilized to improve delivery and protect the mRNA cargo from extracellular degradation. This advance was a major milestone in the development of mRNA vaccines and dispelled skepticism about the potential of this technology to yield clinically approved medicines. Following the resounding success of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, many other mRNA-based drugs have been proposed for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review begins with a discussion of mRNA modifications and delivery vehicles, as well as the factors that influence administration routes. Then, we summarize the potential applications of mRNA-based drugs and discuss further key points pertaining to preclinical and clinical development of mRNA drugs targeting a wide range of diseases. Finally, we discuss the latest market trends and future applications of mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Chen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan.
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Kropp KN, Fatho M, Huduti E, Faust M, Lübcke S, Lennerz V, Paschen A, Theobald M, Wölfel T, Wölfel C. Targeting the melanoma-associated antigen CSPG4 with HLA-C*07:01-restricted T-cell receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1245559. [PMID: 37849763 PMCID: PMC10577170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1245559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intorduction Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), also known as high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen, is expressed in melanoma but also other tumor entities and constitutes an attractive target for immunotherapeutic approaches. While recent preclinical reports focused on anti-CSPG4 chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), we here explore T-cell receptor (TCR)-based approaches targeting CSPG4. Methods The TCRs of two CSPG4-reactive T-cell clones (11C/73 and 2C/165) restricted by the highly prevalent HLA-C*07:01 allele were isolated and the respective αβTCR pairs were retrovirally expressed in CRISPR/Cas9-edited TCR-knockout T cells for functional testing. We also combined alpha and beta TCR chains derived from 11C/73 and 2C/165 in a cross-over fashion to assess for hemichain dominance. CSPG4+ melanoma, glioblastoma and lung cancer cell lines were identified and, if negative, retrovirally transduced with HLA-C*07:01. Results Functional tests confirmed specific recognition of CSPG4+HLA-C*07:01+ target cells by the αβTCR retrieved from the parental T-cell clones and in part also by the cross-over TCR construct 2Cα-11Cβ. Despite high surface expression, the 11Cα-2Cβ combination, however, was not functional. Discussion Collectively, 11C/73- and 2C/165-expressing T cells specifically and efficiently recognized CSPG4+HLA-C*07:01+ cancer cells which warrants further preclinical and clinical evaluation of these TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian N. Kropp
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Fatho
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Enes Huduti
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marilena Faust
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silke Lübcke
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Lennerz
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg/Essen and German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Wölfel
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Catherine Wölfel
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center (UCT), Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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76
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Shim K, Jo H, Jeoung D. Cancer/Testis Antigens as Targets for RNA-Based Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14679. [PMID: 37834126 PMCID: PMC10572814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, RNA-based drugs have emerged as a promising candidate in the treatment of various diseases. The introduction of messenger RNA (mRNA) as a vaccine or therapeutic agent enables the production of almost any functional protein/peptide. The key to applying RNA therapy in clinical trials is developing safe and effective delivery systems. Exosomes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been exploited as promising vehicles for drug delivery. This review discusses the feasibility of exosomes and LNPs as vehicles for mRNA delivery. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) show restricted expression in normal tissues and widespread expression in cancer tissues. Many of these CTAs show expression in the sera of patients with cancers. These characteristics of CTAs make them excellent targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the roles of CTAs in various life processes and current studies on mRNAs encoding CTAs. Clinical studies present the beneficial effects of mRNAs encoding CTAs in patients with cancers. This review highlight clinical studies employing mRNA-LNPs encoding CTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (H.J.)
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Schendel DJ. Evolution by innovation as a driving force to improve TCR-T therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1216829. [PMID: 37810959 PMCID: PMC10552759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1216829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies continually evolve through science-based innovation. Specialized innovations for TCR-T therapies are described here that are embedded in an End-to-End Platform for TCR-T Therapy Development which aims to provide solutions for key unmet patient needs by addressing challenges of TCR-T therapy, including selection of target antigens and suitable T cell receptors, generation of TCR-T therapies that provide long term, durable efficacy and safety and development of efficient and scalable production of patient-specific (personalized) TCR-T therapy for solid tumors. Multiple, combinable, innovative technologies are used in a systematic and sequential manner in the development of TCR-T therapies. One group of technologies encompasses product enhancements that enable TCR-T therapies to be safer, more specific and more effective. The second group of technologies addresses development optimization that supports discovery and development processes for TCR-T therapies to be performed more quickly, with higher quality and greater efficiency. Each module incorporates innovations layered onto basic technologies common to the field of immunology. An active approach of "evolution by innovation" supports the overall goal to develop best-in-class TCR-T therapies for treatment of patients with solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores J. Schendel
- Medigene Immunotherapies GmbH, Planegg, Germany
- Medigene AG, Planegg, Germany
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78
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Pu T, Peddle A, Zhu J, Tejpar S, Verbandt S. Neoantigen identification: Technological advances and challenges. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:265-302. [PMID: 38548414 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Neoantigens have emerged as promising targets for cutting-edge immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. These neoantigens are unique to tumors and arise exclusively from somatic mutations or non-genomic aberrations in tumor proteins. They encompass a wide range of alterations, including genomic mutations, post-transcriptomic variants, and viral oncoproteins. With the advancements in technology, the identification of immunogenic neoantigens has seen rapid progress, raising new opportunities for enhancing their clinical significance. Prediction of neoantigens necessitates the acquisition of high-quality samples and sequencing data, followed by mutation calling. Subsequently, the pipeline involves integrating various tools that can predict the expression, processing, binding, and recognition potential of neoantigens. However, the continuous improvement of computational tools is constrained by the availability of datasets which contain validated immunogenic neoantigens. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge as well as limitations in neoantigen prediction and validation. Additionally, it delves into the origin and biological role of neoantigens, offering a deeper understanding of their significance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This article thus seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts to harness neoantigens as powerful weapons in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pu
- Digestive Oncology Unit, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jingjing Zhu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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79
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Li WS, Zhang QQ, Li Q, Liu SY, Yuan GQ, Pan YW. Innate immune response restarts adaptive immune response in tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260705. [PMID: 37781382 PMCID: PMC10538570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of immune response plays a crucial role in the development of diseases, including glioblastoma. It is essential to comprehend how the innate immune system detects tumors and pathogens. Endosomal and cytoplasmic sensors can identify diverse cancer cell antigens, triggering the production of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This, in turn, stimulates interferon stimulating genes, enhancing the presentation of cancer antigens, and promoting T cell recognition and destruction of cancer cells. While RNA and DNA sensing of tumors and pathogens typically involve different receptors and adapters, their interaction can activate adaptive immune response mechanisms. This review highlights the similarity in RNA and DNA sensing mechanisms in the innate immunity of both tumors and pathogens. The aim is to enhance the anti-tumor innate immune response, identify regions of the tumor that are not responsive to treatment, and explore new targets to improve the response to conventional tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-shan Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qing-qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shang-yu Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-qiang Yuan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-wen Pan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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80
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Barreno L, Sevane N, Valdivia G, Alonso-Miguel D, Suarez-Redondo M, Alonso-Diez A, Fiering S, Beiss V, Steinmetz NF, Perez-Alenza MD, Peña L. Transcriptomics of Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer Treated with Empty Cowpea Mosaic Virus Implicates Neutrophils in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14034. [PMID: 37762335 PMCID: PMC10531449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer in dogs serving as a valuable animal model for its human counterpart, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), both lacking effective therapies. Intratumoral immunotherapy (IT-IT) with empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) nanoparticles has shown promising results, demonstrating a reduction in tumor size, longer survival rates, and improved quality of life. This study compares the transcriptomic profiles of tumor samples from female dogs with IMC receiving eCPMV IT-IT and medical therapy (MT) versus MT alone. Transcriptomic analyses, gene expression profiles, signaling pathways, and cell type profiling of immune cell populations in samples from four eCPMV-treated dogs with IMC and four dogs with IMC treated with MT were evaluated using NanoString Technologies using a canine immune-oncology panel. Comparative analyses revealed 34 differentially expressed genes between treated and untreated samples. Five genes (CXCL8, S100A9, CCL20, IL6, and PTGS2) involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation were upregulated in the treated samples, linked to the IL17-signaling pathway. Cell type profiling showed a significant increase in neutrophil populations in the tumor microenvironment after eCPMV treatment. These findings highlight the role of neutrophils in the anti-tumor response mediated by eCPMV IT-IT and suggest eCPMV as a novel therapeutic approach for IBC/IMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barreno
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Natalia Sevane
- Department of Animal Production, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - María Suarez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
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81
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Liang H, Lu Q, Yang J, Yu G. Supramolecular Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0211. [PMID: 37705962 PMCID: PMC10496790 DOI: 10.34133/research.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved tremendous successful clinical results and obtained historic victories in tumor treatments. However, great limitations associated with feeble immune responses and serious adverse effects still cannot be neglected due to the complicated multifactorial etiology and pathologic microenvironment in tumors. The rapid development of nanomedical science and material science has facilitated the advanced progress of engineering biomaterials to tackle critical issues. The supramolecular biomaterials with flexible and modular structures have exhibited unparalleled advantages of high cargo-loading efficiency, excellent biocompatibility, and diversiform immunomodulatory activity, thereby providing a powerful weapon for cancer immunotherapy. In past decades, supramolecular biomaterials were extensively explored as versatile delivery platforms for immunotherapeutic agents or designed to interact with the key moleculars in immune system in a precise and controllable manner. In this review, we focused on the crucial role of supramolecular biomaterials in the modulation of pivotal steps during tumor immunotherapy, including antigen delivery and presentation, T lymphocyte activation, tumor-associated macrophage elimination and repolarization, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell depletion. Based on extensive research, we explored the current limitations and development prospects of supramolecular biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- College of Science,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- College of Science,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Science,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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82
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Pérez-Baños A, Gleisner MA, Flores I, Pereda C, Navarrete M, Araya JP, Navarro G, Quezada-Monrás C, Tittarelli A, Salazar-Onfray F. Whole tumour cell-based vaccines: tuning the instruments to orchestrate an optimal antitumour immune response. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:572-585. [PMID: 37355722 PMCID: PMC10421921 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly those based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has become a useful approach for many neoplastic diseases. Despite the improvements of ICIs in supporting tumour regression and prolonging survival, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to treatment. Thus, therapies that enhance antitumour immunity, such as anticancer vaccines, constitute a feasible and promising therapeutic strategy. Whole tumour cell (WTC) vaccines have been extensively tested in clinical studies as intact or genetically modified cells or tumour lysates, injected directly or loaded on DCs with distinct adjuvants. The essential requirements of WTC vaccines include the optimal delivery of a broad battery of tumour-associated antigens, the presence of tumour cell-derived molecular danger signals, and adequate adjuvants. These factors trigger an early and robust local innate inflammatory response that orchestrates an antigen-specific and proinflammatory adaptive antitumour response capable of controlling tumour growth by several mechanisms. In this review, the strengths and weaknesses of our own and others' experiences in studying WTC vaccines are revised to discuss the essential elements required to increase anticancer vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarilis Pérez-Baños
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Araya
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanna Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Section for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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83
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Al-Hawary SIS, Saleh EAM, Mamajanov NA, S Gilmanova N, Alsaab HO, Alghamdi A, Ansari SA, Alawady AHR, Alsaalamy AH, Ibrahim AJ. Breast cancer vaccines; A comprehensive and updated review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154735. [PMID: 37611432 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer is more common than lung cancer globally. By 2040, mortality from breast cancer will rise by 50% and 40%, respectively. Despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, breast cancer metastases and recurrences remain challenging to treat. Cancer vaccines are an effective treatment option because they stimulate a long-lasting immune response that will eliminate tumor cells. In studies on the breast cancer vaccine, no appreciable advantages were discovered. A recent study claims that immune checkpoint inhibitors or anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies may be used in vaccinations. This vaccination strengthens the immune system to fight off breast cancer cells. Clinical trials have been conducted on DNA, dendritic cells, and peptide-based breast cancer vaccines. Studies on the breast cancer vaccine have employed subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal injections. Clinical studies have shown that these efforts have not been successful. Several factors might have slowed the development of a breast cancer vaccine. The complexity of the immune system makes it challenging to create cancer vaccines. Given the heterogeneity of breast cancer, there may be a need for different vaccination strategies. Despite these obstacles, research into breast cancer vaccines continues. Effective methods for creating vaccines include immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Research is also being done on specialized tumor vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nodirjon Akhmetovich Mamajanov
- Teaching Assistant, MD, Department of Public Health, Healthcare Management and Physical Culture, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Nataliya S Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hussien Radie Alawady
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Hashiem Alsaalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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84
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Schindler NR, Braun DA. Antigenic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2023; 7:81-91. [PMID: 38014393 PMCID: PMC10475986 DOI: 10.3233/kca-230006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but most patients still do not receive a long-term benefit from these therapies, and many experience off-target, immune-related adverse effects. RCC is also different from many other ICI-responsive tumors, as it has only a modest mutation burden, and total neoantigen load does not correlate with ICI response. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for RCC, it is therefore critical to identify the antigens that are targeted in effective anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we describe the potential classes of target antigens, and provide examples of previous and ongoing efforts to investigate and target antigens in RCC, with a focus on clear cell histology. Ultimately, we believe that a concerted antigen discovery effort in RCC will enable an improved understanding of response and resistance to current therapies, and lay a foundation for the future development of "precision" antigen-directed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Schindler
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A. Braun
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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85
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Silva AJD, de Moura IA, da Gama MATM, Leal LRS, de Pinho SS, Espinoza BCF, dos Santos DL, Santos VEP, Sena MGAMD, Invenção MDCV, de Macêdo LS, de França Neto PL, de Freitas AC. Advancing Immunotherapies for HPV-Related Cancers: Exploring Novel Vaccine Strategies and the Influence of Tumor Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1354. [PMID: 37631922 PMCID: PMC10458729 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the relationship between immunological responses and cancers, especially those related to HPV, has allowed for the study and development of therapeutic vaccines against these neoplasias. There is a growing number of studies about the composition and influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression or establishment of the most varied types of cancer. Hence, it has been possible to structure immunotherapy approaches based on therapeutic vaccines that are even more specific and directed to components of TME and the immune response associated with tumors. Among these components are dendritic cells (DCs), which are the main professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) already studied in therapy strategies for HPV-related cancers. On the other hand, tumor-associated macrophages are also potential targets since the profile present in tumor infiltrates, M1 or M2, influences the prognosis of some types of cancer. These two cell types can be targets for therapy or immunomodulation. In this context, our review aims to provide an overview of immunotherapy strategies for HPV-positive tumors, such as cervical and head and neck cancers, pointing to TME immune cells as promising targets for these approaches. This review also explores the potential of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine immunotherapies, immunotherapy vaccines, and cell therapies. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of understanding the TME and its effect on the design and achievement of immunotherapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (A.J.D.S.); (I.A.d.M.); (M.A.T.M.d.G.); (L.R.S.L.); (S.S.d.P.); (B.C.F.E.); (D.L.d.S.); (V.E.P.S.); (M.G.A.M.D.S.); (M.D.C.V.I.); (L.S.d.M.); (P.L.d.F.N.)
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86
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Najafi S, Mortezaee K. Advances in dendritic cell vaccination therapy of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114954. [PMID: 37257227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through inducing immune responses against a live attenuated, killed organism or antigenic subunits to protect the recipient against a real infection caused by the pathogenic microorganism. Nevertheless, development of anticancer vaccines as valuable targets in human health has faced challenges and requires further optimizations. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play essential roles in tumor immunotherapies through induction of CD8+ T cell immunity. Accordingly, various strategies have been tested to employ DCs as therapeutic vaccines for exploiting their activity against tumor cells. Application of whole tumor cells or purified/recombinant antigen peptides are the most common approaches for pulsing DCs, which then are injected back into the patients. Although some hopeful results are reported for a number of DC vaccines tested in animal and clinical trials of cancer patients, such approaches are still inefficient and require optimization. Failure of DC vaccination is postulated due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), overexpression of checkpoint proteins, suboptimal avidity of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T lymphocytes, and lack of appropriate adjuvants. In this review, we have an overview of the current experiments and trials evaluated the anticancer efficacy of DC vaccination as well as focusing on strategies to improve their potential including combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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87
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Britsch I, van Wijngaarden AP, Helfrich W. Applications of Anti-Cytomegalovirus T Cells for Cancer (Immuno)Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3767. [PMID: 37568582 PMCID: PMC10416821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is highly prevalent in the general population and largely controlled by CD8pos T cells. Intriguingly, anti-CMV T cells accumulate over time to extraordinarily high numbers, are frequently present as tumor-resident 'bystander' T cells, and remain functional in cancer patients. Consequently, various strategies for redirecting anti-CMV CD8pos T cells to eliminate cancer cells are currently being developed. Here, we provide an overview of these strategies including immunogenic CMV peptide-loading onto endogenous HLA complexes on cancer cells and the use of tumor-directed fusion proteins containing a preassembled CMV peptide/HLA-I complex. Additionally, we discuss conveying the advantageous characteristics of anti-CMV T cells in adoptive cell therapy. Utilization of anti-CMV CD8pos T cells to generate CAR T cells promotes their in vivo persistence and expansion due to appropriate co-stimulation through the endogenous (CMV-)TCR signaling complex. Designing TCR-engineered T cells is more challenging, as the artificial and endogenous TCR compete for expression. Moreover, the use of expanded/reactivated anti-CMV T cells to target CMV peptide-expressing glioblastomas is discussed. This review highlights the most important findings and compares the benefits, disadvantages, and challenges of each strategy. Finally, we discuss how anti-CMV T cell therapies can be further improved to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (I.B.)
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88
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Qiu W, Guo Q, Guo X, Wang C, Li B, Qi Y, Wang S, Zhao R, Han X, Du H, Zhao S, Pan Z, Fan Y, Wang Q, Gao Z, Li G, Xue H. Mesenchymal stem cells, as glioma exosomal immunosuppressive signal multipliers, enhance MDSCs immunosuppressive activity through the miR-21/SP1/DNMT1 positive feedback loop. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:233. [PMID: 37481646 PMCID: PMC10362641 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma induces immunotherapy resistance and is associated with poor prognosis. Glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (GA-MSCs) play an important role in the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment, but the mechanism is still not clear. RESULTS We found that GA-MSCs promoted the expression of CD73, an ectonucleotidase that drives immunosuppressive microenvironment maintenance by generating adenosine, on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) through immunosuppressive exosomal miR-21 signaling. This process was similar to the immunosuppressive signaling mediated by glioma exosomal miR-21 but more intense. Further study showed that the miR-21/SP1/DNMT1 positive feedback loop in MSCs triggered by glioma exosomal CD44 upregulated MSC exosomal miR-21 expression, amplifying the glioma exosomal immunosuppressive signal. Modified dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) carrying miR-21 inhibitors could target GA-MSCs and reduce CD73 expression on MDSCs, synergizing with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work reveals the critical role of MSCs in the glioma microenvironment as signal multipliers to enhance immunosuppressive signaling of glioma exosomes, and disrupting the positive feedback loop in MSCs with modified Dex could improve PD-1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qindong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Boyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Du
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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89
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Secondino S, Canino C, Alaimo D, Muzzana M, Galli G, Borgetto S, Basso S, Bagnarino J, Pulvirenti C, Comoli P, Pedrazzoli P. Clinical Trials of Cellular Therapies in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3667. [PMID: 37509328 PMCID: PMC10377409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past years cancer treatments have drastically changed, mainly due to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors capable of immune modulation in vivo, thus providing major clinical benefit in a number of malignancies. Simultaneously, considerable technical refinements have opened new prospects for the development of immune cell-based medicinal products and unprecedented success with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B-cell hematologic malignancies has been obtained. However, T cell therapies introduced and performed in the field of solid tumors have produced so far only limited responses in selected patient populations. This standstill is attributable to the difficulty in identifying target antigens which are homogeneously expressed by all tumor cells while absent from normal tissues, and the limited T cell persistence and proliferation in a hostile tumor microenvironment that favors immune escape. Replicating the results observed in hematology is a major scientific challenge in solid tumors, and ongoing translational and clinical research is focused on obtaining insight into the mechanisms of tumor recognition and evasion, and how to improve the efficacy of cellular therapies, also combining them with immune checkpoint inhibitors or other agents targeting either the cancer cell or the tumor environment. This paper provides an overview of current adaptive T cell therapy approaches in solid tumors, the research performed to increase their efficacy and safety, and results from ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Secondino
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Costanza Canino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Domiziana Alaimo
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Muzzana
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Borgetto
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Oncoematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pulvirenti
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Oncoematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Oncoematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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90
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Peri A, Salomon N, Wolf Y, Kreiter S, Diken M, Samuels Y. The landscape of T cell antigens for cancer immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2023:10.1038/s43018-023-00588-x. [PMID: 37415076 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable capacity of immunotherapies to induce durable regression in some patients with metastatic cancer relies heavily on T cell recognition of tumor-presented antigens. As checkpoint-blockade therapy has limited efficacy, tumor antigens have the potential to be exploited for complementary treatments, many of which are already in clinical trials. The surge of interest in this topic has led to the expansion of the tumor antigen landscape with the emergence of new antigen categories. Nonetheless, how different antigens compare in their ability to elicit efficient and safe clinical responses remains largely unknown. Here, we review known cancer peptide antigens, their attributes and the relevant clinical data and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviyah Peri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadja Salomon
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology and Skin Cancer, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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91
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Benoit A, Vogin G, Duhem C, Berchem G, Janji B. Lighting Up the Fire in the Microenvironment of Cold Tumors: A Major Challenge to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2023; 12:1787. [PMID: 37443821 PMCID: PMC10341162 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed cell death protein/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Experimental and clinical evidence show that immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) provides long-term survival benefits to cancer patients in whom other conventional therapies have failed. However, only a minority of patients show high clinical benefits via the use of ICI alone. One of the major factors limiting the clinical benefits to ICI can be attributed to the lack of immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment. Such tumors are classified as "cold/warm" or an immune "desert"; those displaying significant infiltration are considered "hot" or inflamed. This review will provide a brief summary of different tumor properties contributing to the establishment of cold tumors and describe major strategies that could reprogram non-inflamed cold tumors into inflamed hot tumors. More particularly, we will describe how targeting hypoxia can induce metabolic reprogramming that results in improving and extending the benefit of ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Benoit
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillaume Vogin
- Centre National de Radiothérapie François Baclesse, L-4005 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine—UMR 7365, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Duhem
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Guy Berchem
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (A.B.); (G.B.)
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (A.B.); (G.B.)
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Espinosa-Carrasco G, Scrivo A, Zumbo P, Dave A, Betel D, Hellmann M, Burt BM, Lee HS, Schietinger A. Intratumoral immune triads are required for adoptive T cell therapy-mediated elimination of solid tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547423. [PMID: 37461721 PMCID: PMC10349998 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-reactive CD8 T cells found in cancer patients are frequently dysfunctional, unable to halt tumor growth. Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), the administration of large numbers of in vitro-generated cytolytic tumor-reactive CD8 T cells, is an important cancer immune therapy being pursued. However, a limitation of ACT is that transferred CD8 T cells often rapidly lose effector function, and despite exciting results in certain malignancies, few ACT clinical trials have shown responses in solid tumors. Here, we developed preclinical cancer mouse models to investigate if and how tumor-specific CD4 T cells can be enlisted to overcome CD8 T cell dysfunction in the setting of ACT. In situ confocal microscopy of color-coded cancer cells, tumor-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells, and antigen presenting cells (APC), combined with functional studies, revealed that the spatial positioning and interactions of CD8 and CD4 T cells, but not their numbers, dictates ACT efficacy and anti-tumor responses. We uncover a new role of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in addition to the known requirement for CD4 T cells during priming/activation of naïve CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells must co-engage with CD8 T cells and APC cross-presenting CD8- and CD4-tumor antigens during the effector phase, forming a three-cell-cluster (triad), to license CD8 T cell cytotoxicity and mediate cancer cell elimination. Triad formation transcriptionally and epigenetically reprogram CD8 T cells, prevent T cell dysfunction/exhaustion, and ultimately lead to the elimination of large established tumors and confer long-term protection from recurrence. When intratumoral triad formation was disrupted, adoptively transferred CD8 T cells could not be reprogrammed, and tumors progressed despite equal numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8 and CD4 T cells. Strikingly, the formation of CD4 T cell::CD8 T cell::APC triads in tumors of patients with lung cancers treated with immune checkpoint blockade was associated with clinical responses, but not CD4::APC dyads or overall numbers of CD8 or CD4 T cells, demonstrating the importance of triads in non-ACT settings in humans. Our work uncovers intratumoral triads as a key requirement for anti-tumor immunity and a new role for CD4 T cells in CD8 T cell cytotoxicity and cancer cell eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora Scrivo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asim Dave
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Hellmann
- Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryan M Burt
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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93
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Lee WJ, Wang YL, Peng HH, Lin CT. Increased absolute lymphocyte count, increased absolute neutrophil count and low platelet to lymphocyte ratio as predicting factors in the superior disease control of refractory/relapsing gynecologic malignancies with anti PD-1 therapy: 10 years of experience in a single institution. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:506-509. [PMID: 37407184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint inhibitors are rapidly being used in solid and hematologic malignancies, including gynecologic cancers. The high mortality and relapsing rates of advanced gynecologic malignancies remain a challenging issue. This study aimed to identify the predicting factors associated with survival prognosis and disease control in patients with refractory/relapsing (R/R) gynecologic malignancies receiving anti PD-1 therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients diagnosed with R/R gynecologic malignancies between July 2012 and June 2019 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Among the 49 patients, 6 were excluded due to incomplete medical records or not receiving anti PD-1 therapy. The remaining 43 patients were further divided into responsive and non-responsive groups according to disease control for predicting prognostic factor analysis. RESULTS For the 43 cases, the median age at diagnosis and disease follow-up length were 54 years and 29 months, respectively. Among them, 23 (53%) were categorized into the responsive group, and the remaining 20 (47%) were categorized into the non-responsive group. The mortality rates were 17% and 25% in the responsive and non-responsive groups, respectively. The responsive group had significantly higher absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), higher absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and low platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) than the non-responsive group. A superior long-term survival trend was also observed in the responsive group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforced the hypothesis that high ALC, high ANC and low PLR are associated with superior disease control in patients with R/R gynecologic malignancies receiving anti PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Huei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tao Lin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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94
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Caproni E, Corbellari R, Tomasi M, Isaac SJ, Tamburini S, Zanella I, Grigolato M, Gagliardi A, Benedet M, Baraldi C, Croia L, Di Lascio G, Berti A, Valensin S, Bellini E, Parri M, Grandi A, Grandi G. Anti-Tumor Efficacy of In Situ Vaccination Using Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3328. [PMID: 37444437 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ vaccination (ISV) is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy that consists of the intratumoral administration of immunostimulatory molecules (adjuvants). The rationale is that tumor antigens are abundant at the tumor site, and therefore, to elicit an effective anti-tumor immune response, all that is needed is an adjuvant, which can turn the immunosuppressive environment into an immunologically active one. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are potent adjuvants since they contain several microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) naturally present in the outer membrane and in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, they appear particularly indicted for ISV. In this work, we first show that the OMVs from E. coli BL21(DE3)Δ60 strain promote a strong anti-tumor activity when intratumorally injected into the tumors of three different mouse models. Tumor inhibition correlates with a rapid infiltration of DCs and NK cells. We also show that the addition of neo-epitopes to OMVs synergizes with the vesicle adjuvanticity, as judged by a two-tumor mouse model. Overall, our data support the use of the OMVs in ISV and indicate that ISV efficacy can benefit from the addition of properly selected tumor-specific neo-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caproni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Samine J Isaac
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Tamburini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Martina Grigolato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Baraldi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Croia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Alvise Berti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Valensin
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Erika Bellini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- BiOMViS Srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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95
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Chmiel P, Gęca K, Michalski A, Kłosińska M, Kaczyńska A, Polkowski WP, Pelc Z, Skórzewska M. Vista of the Future: Novel Immunotherapy Based on the Human V-Set Immunoregulatory Receptor for Digestive System Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9945. [PMID: 37373091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While gastrointestinal tumors remain a multifactorial and prevalent group of malignancies commonly treated surgically in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, advancements regarding immunotherapeutic approaches continue to occur. Entering a new era of immunotherapy focused on overcoming resistance to preceding therapies caused the emergence of new therapeutic strategies. A promising solution surfaces with a V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), a negative regulator of a T-cell function expressed in hematopoietic cells. Due to VISTA's ability to act as both a ligand and a receptor, several therapeutic approaches can be potentially developed. A broad expression of VISTA was discovered on various tumor-growth-controlling cells, which proved to increase in specific tumor microenvironment (TME) conditions, thus serving as a rationale behind the development of new VISTA-targeting. Nevertheless, VISTA's ligands and signaling pathways are still not fully understood. The uncertain results of clinical trials suggest the need for future examining inhibitor agents for VISTA and implicating a double immunotherapeutic blockade. However, more research is needed before the breakthrough can be achieved. This review discusses perspectives and novel approaches presented in the current literature. Based on the results of the ongoing studies, VISTA might be considered a potential target in combined therapy, especially for treating gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chmiel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gęca
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Kłosińska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczyńska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech P Polkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Pelc
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skórzewska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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96
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Li JS, Liu TM, Li L, Jiang C. LncRNA PROX1 antisense RNA 1 promotes PD-L1-mediated proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape in colorectal cancer by interacting with miR-520d. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:669-679. [PMID: 36730426 PMCID: PMC10072212 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It was recently found that lncRNA PROX1 antisense RNA 1 (PROX1-AS1) manifested oncogenicity in a variety of malignancies. This work intended to investigate the molecular mechanisms of PROX1-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and immune evasion. In this study, both PROX1-AS1 and PD-L1 expressions were lifted in CRC tissues and cells. PROX1-AS1 interference restrained CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as CD8 + T-lymphocyte apoptosis, but increased the cytotoxicity and percentage of CD8 + T lymphocytes. The inhibitory effects of PROX1-AS1 inhibition on CRC progression and immune escape were positively related to PD-L1 suppression. PROX1-AS1 absorbed miR-520d to upregulate PD-L1 expression. PROX1-AS1 facilitated CRC progression and immune escape by targeting miR-520d. Furthermore, PROX1-AS1 deletion impaired CRC tumor growth in vivo . To sum up, this study affirmed that PROX1-AS1 could absorb miR-520d to upregulate PD-L1 in CRC, thereby promoting tumor progression and immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-sheng Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
| | - Tong-ming Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Feicheng People’s Hospital, Feicheng
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
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97
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Luo R, Chyr J, Wen J, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou X. A novel integrated approach to predicting cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Oncogene 2023; 42:1913-1925. [PMID: 37100920 PMCID: PMC10244162 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment modalities; however, predicting clinical response accurately and reliably remains challenging. Neoantigen load is considered as a fundamental genetic determinant of therapeutic response. However, only a few predicted neoantigens are highly immunogenic, with little focus on intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in the neoantigen landscape and its link with different features in the tumor microenvironment. To address this issue, we comprehensively characterized neoantigens arising from nonsynonymous mutations and gene fusions in lung cancer and melanoma. We developed a composite NEO2IS to characterize interplays between cancer and CD8+ T-cell populations. NEO2IS improved prediction accuracy of patient responses to immune-checkpoint blockades (ICBs). We found that TCR repertoire diversity was consistent with the neoantigen heterogeneity under evolutionary selections. Our defined neoantigen ITH score (NEOITHS) reflected infiltration degree of CD8+ T lymphocytes with different differentiation states and manifested the impact of negative selection pressure on CD8+ T-cell lineage heterogeneity or tumor ecosystem plasticity. We classified tumors into distinct immune subtypes and examined how neoantigen-T cells interactions affected disease progression and treatment response. Overall, our integrated framework helps profile neoantigen patterns that elicit T-cell immunoreactivity, enhance the understanding of evolving tumor-immune interplays and improve prediction of ICBs efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Luo
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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98
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Mitra A, Barua A, Huang L, Ganguly S, Feng Q, He B. From bench to bedside: the history and progress of CAR T cell therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188049. [PMID: 37256141 PMCID: PMC10225594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents a major breakthrough in cancer care since the approval of tisagenlecleucel by the Food and Drug Administration in 2017 for the treatment of pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. As of April 2023, six CAR T cell therapies have been approved, demonstrating unprecedented efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. However, adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity pose significant challenges to CAR T cell therapy. The severity of these adverse events correlates with the pretreatment tumor burden, where a higher tumor burden results in more severe consequences. This observation is supported by the application of CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and antisynthetase syndrome. These results indicate that initiating CAR T cell therapy early at low tumor burden or using debulking strategy prior to CAR T cell infusion may reduce the severity of adverse events. In addition, CAR T cell therapy is expensive and has limited effectiveness against solid tumors. In this article, we review the critical steps that led to this groundbreaking therapy and explore ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges. With the promise of more effective and safer CAR T cell therapies in development, we are optimistic that a broader range of cancer patients will benefit from this revolutionary therapy in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroshi Mitra
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amrita Barua
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luping Huang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Departments of Surgery and Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Section of Hematology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qin Feng
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bin He
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Departments of Surgery and Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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99
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Oreper D, Klaeger S, Jhunjhunwala S, Delamarre L. The peptide woods are lovely, dark and deep: Hunting for novel cancer antigens. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101758. [PMID: 37027981 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the patient's immune system to control a tumor is a proven avenue for cancer therapy. T cell therapies as well as therapeutic vaccines, which target specific antigens of interest, are being explored as treatments in conjunction with immune checkpoint blockade. For these therapies, selecting the best suited antigens is crucial. Most of the focus has thus far been on neoantigens that arise from tumor-specific somatic mutations. Although there is clear evidence that T-cell responses against mutated neoantigens are protective, the large majority of these mutations are not immunogenic. In addition, most somatic mutations are unique to each individual patient and their targeting requires the development of individualized approaches. Therefore, novel antigen types are needed to broaden the scope of such treatments. We review high throughput approaches for discovering novel tumor antigens and some of the key challenges associated with their detection, and discuss considerations when selecting tumor antigens to target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oreper
- Genentech, 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, 94080 CA, USA.
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Genentech, 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, 94080 CA, USA.
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100
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Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy - ranging from immune-checkpoint blockade therapy to adoptive cellular therapy and vaccines - have revolutionized cancer treatment paradigms, yet the variability in clinical responses to these agents has motivated intense interest in understanding how the T cell landscape evolves with respect to response to immune intervention. Over the past decade, the advent of multidimensional single-cell technologies has provided the unprecedented ability to dissect the constellation of cell states of lymphocytes within a tumour microenvironment. In particular, the rapidly expanding capacity to definitively link intratumoural phenotypes with the antigen specificity of T cells provided by T cell receptors (TCRs) has now made it possible to focus on investigating the properties of T cells with tumour-specific reactivity. Moreover, the assessment of TCR clonality has enabled a molecular approach to track the trajectories, clonal dynamics and phenotypic changes of antitumour T cells over the course of immunotherapeutic intervention. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular states and antigen specificities of antitumour T cells and examine how fine characterization of T cell dynamics in patients has provided meaningful insights into the mechanisms underlying effective cancer immunotherapy. We highlight those T cell subsets associated with productive T cell responses and discuss how diverse immunotherapies might leverage the pre-existing tumour-reactive T cell pool or instruct de novo generation of antitumour specificities. Future studies aimed at elucidating the factors associated with the elicitation of productive antitumour T cell immunity are anticipated to instruct the design of more efficacious treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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