51
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Sun B, Chen Z, Feng B, Chen S, Feng S, Wang Q, Niu X, Zhang Z, Zheng P, Lin M, Luo J, Pan Y, Guan S, Zhong N, Chen L. Development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of nasal mucosal secretory IgA against SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386891. [PMID: 38881666 PMCID: PMC11177785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection with SARS-CoV-2 begins in the upper respiratory tract and can trigger the production of mucosal spike-specific secretory IgA (sIgA), which provides protection against reinfection. It has been recognized that individuals with high level of nasal spike-specific IgA have a lower risk of reinfection. However, mucosal spike-specific sIgA wanes over time, and different individuals may have various level of spike-specific sIgA and descending kinetics, leading to individual differences in susceptibility to reinfection. A method for detecting spike-specific sIgA in the nasal passage would be valuable for predicting the risk of reinfection so that people at risk can have better preparedness. Methods In this study, we describe the development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic (ICT) strip for detecting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike-specific sIgA in nasal mucosal lining fluids (NMLFs). Results The ICT strip was designed to detect 0.125 μg or more spike-specific sIgA in 80 μL of NMLFs collected using a nasal swab. Purified nasal sIgA samples from individuals who recently recovered from an Omicron BA.5 infection were used to demonstrate that this ICT strip can specifically detect spike-specific sIgA. The signal levels positively correlated with neutralizing activities against XBB. Subsequent analysis revealed that people with low or undetectable levels of spike-specific sIgA in the nasal passage were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Conclusions This nasal spike-specific sIgA ICT strip provides a non-invasive, rapid, and convenient method to assess the risk of reinfection for achieving precision preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Xiamen United Institute of Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Fortune Bio. Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Xiamen United Institute of Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Fortune Bio. Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Xiamen United Institute of Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Fortune Bio. Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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52
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Liu C, Xu S, Zheng Y, Xie Y, Xu K, Chai Y, Luo T, Dai L, Gao GF. Mosaic RBD nanoparticle elicits immunodominant antibody responses across sarbecoviruses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114235. [PMID: 38748880 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle vaccines displaying mosaic receptor-binding domains (RBDs) or spike (S) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or other sarbecoviruses are used in preparedness against potential zoonotic outbreaks. Here, we describe a self-assembling nanoparticle using lumazine synthase (LuS) as the scaffold to display RBDs from different sarbecoviruses. Mosaic nanoparticles induce sarbecovirus cross-neutralizing antibodies comparable to a nanoparticle cocktail. We find mosaic nanoparticles elicit a B cell receptor repertoire using an immunodominant germline gene pair of IGHV14-3:IGKV14-111. Most of the tested IGHV14-3:IGKV14-111 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are broadly cross-reactive to clade 1a, 1b, and 3 sarbecoviruses. Using mAb competition and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine that a representative IGHV14-3:IGKV14-111 mAb, M2-7, binds to a conserved epitope on the RBD, largely overlapping with the pan-sarbecovirus mAb S2H97. This suggests mosaic nanoparticles expand B cell recognition of the common epitopes shared by different clades of sarbecoviruses. These results provide immunological insights into the cross-reactive responses elicited by mosaic nanoparticles against sarbecoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Senyu Xu
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yuxuan Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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53
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Cohen AA, Keeffe JR, Schiepers A, Dross SE, Greaney AJ, Rorick AV, Gao H, Gnanapragasam PN, Fan C, West AP, Ramsingh AI, Erasmus JH, Pata JD, Muramatsu H, Pardi N, Lin PJ, Baxter S, Cruz R, Quintanar-Audelo M, Robb E, Serrano-Amatriain C, Magneschi L, Fotheringham IG, Fuller DH, Victora GD, Bjorkman PJ. Mosaic sarbecovirus nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive responses in pre-vaccinated animals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.576722. [PMID: 38370696 PMCID: PMC10871317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.576722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunization with mosaic-8b [60-mer nanoparticles presenting 8 SARS-like betacoronavirus (sarbecovirus) receptor-binding domains (RBDs)] elicits more broadly cross-reactive antibodies than homotypic SARS-CoV-2 RBD-only nanoparticles and protects against sarbecoviruses. To investigate original antigenic sin (OAS) effects on mosaic-8b efficacy, we evaluated effects of prior COVID-19 vaccinations in non-human primates and mice on anti-sarbecovirus responses elicited by mosaic-8b, admix-8b (8 homotypics), or homotypic SARS-CoV-2 immunizations, finding greatest cross-reactivity for mosaic-8b. As demonstrated by molecular fate-mapping in which antibodies from specific cohorts of B cells are differentially detected, B cells primed by WA1 spike mRNA-LNP dominated antibody responses after RBD-nanoparticle boosting. While mosaic-8b- and homotypic-nanoparticles boosted cross-reactive antibodies, de novo antibodies were predominantly induced by mosaic-8b, and these were specific for variant RBDs with increased identity to RBDs on mosaic-8b. These results inform OAS mechanisms and support using mosaic-8b to protect COVID-19 vaccinated/infected humans against as-yet-unknown SARS-CoV-2 variants and animal sarbecoviruses with human spillover potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jennifer R. Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sandra E. Dross
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Allison J. Greaney
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Annie V. Rorick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Han Gao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Chengcheng Fan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - Janice D. Pata
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Scott Baxter
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Rita Cruz
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Martina Quintanar-Audelo
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
- Present address: Centre for Inflammation Research and Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ellis Robb
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ian G. Fotheringham
- Ingenza Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Charnock Bradley Building, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Gabriel D. Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Lead contact
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Ramos-Duarte VA, Orlowski A, Jaquenod de Giusti C, Corigliano MG, Legarralde A, Mendoza-Morales LF, Atela A, Sánchez MA, Sander VA, Angel SO, Clemente M. Safe plant Hsp90 adjuvants elicit an effective immune response against SARS-CoV2-derived RBD antigen. Vaccine 2024; 42:3355-3364. [PMID: 38631949 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To better understand the role of pHsp90 adjuvant in immune response modulation, we proposed the use of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV2, the principal candidate in the design of subunit vaccines. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses against RBD through the strategy "protein mixture" (Adjuvant + Antigen). The rRBD adjuvanted with rAtHsp81.2 group showed a higher increase of the anti-rRBD IgG1, while the rRBD adjuvanted with rNbHsp90.3 group showed a significant increase in anti-rRBD IgG2b/2a. These results were consistent with the cellular immune response analysis. Spleen cell cultures from rRBD + rNbHsp90.3-immunized mice showed significantly increased IFN-γ production. In contrast, spleen cell cultures from rRBD + rAtHsp81.2-immunized mice showed significantly increased IL-4 levels. Finally, vaccines adjuvanted with rNbHsp90.3 induced higher neutralizing antibody responses compared to those adjuvanted with rAtHsp81.2. To know whether both chaperones must form complexes to generate an effective immune response, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. The results indicated that the greater neutralizing capacity observed in the rRBD adjuvanted with rNbHsp90.3 group would be given by the rRBD-rNbHsp90.3 interaction rather than by the quality of the immune response triggered by the adjuvants. These results, together with our previous results, provide a comparative benchmark of these two novel and safe vaccine adjuvants for their capacity to stimulate immunity to a subunit vaccine, demonstrating the capacity of adjuvanted SARS-CoV2 subunit vaccines. Furthermore, these results revealed differences in the ability to modulate the immune response between these two pHsp90s, highlighting the importance of adjuvant selection for future rational vaccine and adjuvant design.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Vaccine
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Ramos-Duarte
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Orlowski
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani" (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jaquenod de Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani" (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana G Corigliano
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ariel Legarralde
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Luisa F Mendoza-Morales
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biotecnologías en Bovinos y Ovinos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Atela
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Manuel A Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Sander
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biotecnologías en Bovinos y Ovinos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina; Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular-UB2, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires 7030, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
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55
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Li J, Huang Q, Liang Y, Jiang J, Yang Y, Feng J, Tan X, Li T. The Potential Mechanisms of Arrhythmia in Coronavirus disease-2019. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1366-1377. [PMID: 38818469 PMCID: PMC11134579 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.94578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which can cause severe cardiovascular complications including myocardial injury, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome and others. Among these complications, arrhythmias are considered serious and life-threatening. Although arrhythmias have been associated with factors such as direct virus invasion leading to myocardial injury, myocarditis, immune response disorder, cytokine storms, myocardial ischemia/hypoxia, electrolyte abnormalities, intravascular volume imbalances, drug interactions, side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, the exact mechanisms of arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19 are complex and not well understood. In the present review, the literature was extensively searched to investigate the potential mechanisms of arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19. The aim of the current review is to provide clinicians with a comprehensive foundation for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmias associated with long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiuyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Mizuno Y, Nakasone W, Nakamura M, Otaki JM. In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Molecular Mimicry of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Common Short Constituent Sequences (cSCSs) in the Human Proteome: Toward Safer Epitope Design for Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:539. [PMID: 38793790 PMCID: PMC11125730 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spike protein sequences in SARS-CoV-2 have been employed for vaccine epitopes, but many short constituent sequences (SCSs) in the spike protein are present in the human proteome, suggesting that some anti-spike antibodies induced by infection or vaccination may be autoantibodies against human proteins. To evaluate this possibility of "molecular mimicry" in silico and in vitro, we exhaustively identified common SCSs (cSCSs) found both in spike and human proteins bioinformatically. The commonality of SCSs between the two systems seemed to be coincidental, and only some cSCSs were likely to be relevant to potential self-epitopes based on three-dimensional information. Among three antibodies raised against cSCS-containing spike peptides, only the antibody against EPLDVL showed high affinity for the spike protein and reacted with an EPLDVL-containing peptide from the human unc-80 homolog protein. Western blot analysis revealed that this antibody also reacted with several human proteins expressed mainly in the small intestine, ovary, and stomach. Taken together, these results showed that most cSCSs are likely incapable of inducing autoantibodies but that at least EPLDVL functions as a self-epitope, suggesting a serious possibility of infection-induced or vaccine-induced autoantibodies in humans. High-risk cSCSs, including EPLDVL, should be excluded from vaccine epitopes to prevent potential autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Mizuno
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakasone
- Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Unit, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Morikazu Nakamura
- Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Unit, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joji M. Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
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57
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Cornejo A, Franco C, Rodriguez-Nuñez M, García A, Belisario I, Mayora S, Garzaro DJ, Zambrano JL, Jaspe RC, Hidalgo M, Parra-Giménez N, Claro FE, Liprandi F, de Waard JH, Rangel HR, Pujol FH. Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:41. [PMID: 38804309 PMCID: PMC11130906 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to attenuating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting the development of effective immune responses, thus reducing the spread and severity of the pandemic. A clinical trial with the Sputnik-V vaccine was conducted in Venezuela from December 2020 to July 2021. The aim of this study was to explore the antibody reactivity of vaccinated individuals towards different regions of the spike protein (S). Neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity was assessed using a commercial surrogate assay, detecting NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and a plaque reduction neutralization test. NAb levels were correlated with the reactivity of the antibodies to the spike regions over time. The presence of Abs against nucleoprotein was also determined to rule out the effect of exposure to the virus during the clinical trial in the serological response. A high serological reactivity was observed to S and specifically to S1 and the RBD. S2, although recognized with lower intensity by vaccinated individuals, was the subunit exhibiting the highest cross-reactivity in prepandemic sera. This study is in agreement with the high efficacy reported for the Sputnik V vaccine and shows that this vaccine is able to induce an immunity lasting for at least 180 days. The dissection of the Ab reactivity to different regions of S allowed us to identify the relevance of epitopes outside the RBD that are able to induce NAbs. This research may contribute to the understanding of vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which could contribute to the design of future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Christopher Franco
- Laboratorio de Virología Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.F.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Mariajose Rodriguez-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Alexis García
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1040A, Venezuela; (A.G.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Inirida Belisario
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1040A, Venezuela; (A.G.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Soriuska Mayora
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas 1040A, Venezuela; (A.G.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Domingo José Garzaro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - José Luis Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Virología Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.F.); (J.L.Z.)
| | - Rossana Celeste Jaspe
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Mariana Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Nereida Parra-Giménez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Parásitos, Centro Biofísica y Bioquímica, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Franklin Ennodio Claro
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, UCV, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela; (F.E.C.); (J.H.d.W.)
| | - Ferdinando Liprandi
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Jacobus Henri de Waard
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, UCV, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela; (F.E.C.); (J.H.d.W.)
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Héctor Rafael Rangel
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Flor Helene Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (M.R.-N.); (D.J.G.); (R.C.J.); (H.R.R.)
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58
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Kumawat P, Agarwal LK, Sharma K. An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Potential Targets, Inhibitors, and Computational Insights to Enrich the Promising Treatment Strategies. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:169. [PMID: 38733424 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has emphasized the urgent need for effective therapies to combat COVID-19. Investigating the potential targets, inhibitors, and in silico approaches pertinent to COVID-19 are of utmost need to develop novel therapeutic agents and reprofiling of existing FDA-approved drugs. This article reviews the viral enzymes and their counter receptors involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, replication of genomic RNA, and controlling the host cell physiology. In addition, the study provides an overview of the computational techniques such as docking simulations, molecular dynamics, QSAR modeling, and homology modeling that have been used to find the FDA-approved drugs and other inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of virus-based and host-based druggable targets from a structural point of view, together with the reported therapeutic compounds against SARS-CoV-2 have also been presented. The current study offers future perspectives for research in the field of network pharmacology investigating the large unexplored molecular libraries. Overall, the present in-depth review aims to expedite the process of identifying and repurposing drugs for researchers involved in the field of COVID-19 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Kuldeep Sharma
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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59
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Yuan M, Wilson IA. The D Gene in CDR H3 Determines a Public Class of Human Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:467. [PMID: 38793718 PMCID: PMC11126049 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Public antibody responses have been found against many infectious agents. Structural convergence of public antibodies is usually determined by immunoglobulin V genes. Recently, a human antibody public class against SARS-CoV-2 was reported, where the D gene (IGHD3-22) encodes a common YYDxxG motif in heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR H3), which determines specificity for the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In this review, we discuss the isolation, structural characterization, and genetic analyses of this class of antibodies, which have been isolated from various cohorts of COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees. All eleven YYDxxG antibodies with available structures target the SARS-CoV-2 RBD in a similar binding mode, where the CDR H3 dominates the interaction with antigen. The antibodies target a conserved site on the RBD that does not overlap with the receptor-binding site, but their particular angle of approach results in direct steric hindrance to receptor binding, which enables both neutralization potency and breadth. We also review the properties of CDR H3-dominant antibodies that target other human viruses. Overall, unlike most public antibodies, which are identified by their V gene usage, this newly discovered public class of YYDxxG antibodies is dominated by a D-gene-encoded motif and uncovers further opportunities for germline-targeting vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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60
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Behera LM, Gupta PK, Ghosh M, Shadangi S, Rana S. A Rationally Designed Synthetic Antiviral Peptide Binder Targeting the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38657271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is the causative agent responsible for the spread of the COVID19 pandemic across the globe. The global impact of the COVID19 pandemic, the successful approval of vaccines for controlling the pandemic, and the further resurgence of COVID19 necessitate the exploration and validation of alternative therapeutic avenues targeting SARS-CoV-2. The initial entry and further invasion by SARS-CoV-2 require strong protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed on the cell surfaces of various tissues. In principle, disruption of the PPIs between the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 receptor by designer peptides with optimized pharmacology appears to be an ideal choice for potentially preventing viral entry with minimal immunogenicity. In this context, the current study describes a short, synthetic designer peptide (codenamed SR16, ≤18 aa, molecular weight ≤2.5 kDa), which has a few noncoded amino acids, demonstrates a helical conformation in solution, and also engages the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 through a high-affinity interaction, as judged from a battery of biophysical studies. Further, the designer peptide demonstrates resistance to trypsin degradation, appears to be nontoxic to mammalian cells, and also does not induce hemolysis in freshly isolated human erythrocytes. In summary, SR16 appears to be an ideal peptide binder targeting the RBD of SARS-CoV-2, which has the potential for further optimization and development as an antiviral agent targeting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Mohan Behera
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pulkit Kr Gupta
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Manaswini Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Sucharita Shadangi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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61
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Park S, Choi J, Lee Y, Noh J, Kim N, Lee J, Cho G, Kim S, Yoo DK, Kang CK, Choe PG, Kim NJ, Park WB, Kim S, Oh MD, Kwon S, Chung J. An ancestral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces anti-Omicron variants antibodies by hypermutation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3368. [PMID: 38643233 PMCID: PMC11032360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune escape of Omicron variants significantly subsides by the third dose of an mRNA vaccine. However, it is unclear how Omicron variant-neutralizing antibodies develop under repeated vaccination. We analyze blood samples from 41 BNT162b2 vaccinees following the course of three injections and analyze their B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires at six time points in total. The concomitant reactivity to both ancestral and Omicron receptor-binding domain (RBD) is achieved by a limited number of BCR clonotypes depending on the accumulation of somatic hypermutation (SHM) after the third dose. Our findings suggest that SHM accumulation in the BCR space to broaden its specificity for unseen antigens is a counterprotective mechanism against virus variant immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoryeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology Major, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Noh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namphil Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JinAh Lee
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Geummi Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Kyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology Major, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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62
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Garg P, Hsueh SCC, Plotkin SS. Testing the feasibility of targeting a conserved region on the S2 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Biophys J 2024; 123:992-1005. [PMID: 38491772 PMCID: PMC11052916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus significantly declines with the emergence of mutant strains, prompting investigation into the feasibility of targeting highly conserved but often cryptic regions on the S2 domain of spike protein. Using tools from molecular dynamics, we find that exposure of a conserved S2 epitope located in the central helices below the receptor binding domains would require large-scale motion beyond receptor binding domain up-down motion, but, along the reaction coordinates we explored, it is unlikely to be exposed by such large-scale dynamic fluctuations of the S1 domain without any external facilitating factors, despite some previous computational evidence suggesting transient exposure of this region. Furthermore, glycans, particularly those on N165 and N234, hinder S2-exposing opening dynamics, and thus stabilize spike in addition to immunologically shielding the protein surface. Although the S2 epitope region examined here is central to large-scale conformational changes during viral entry, free energy landscape analysis obtained using the path coordinate formalism reveals no inherent "loaded spring" effect, suggesting that a vaccine immunogen would tend to present the epitope in a prefusion-like conformation and may be effective in neutralization. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic origins of the function of the spike protein, as well as further characterizing the feasibility of the S2 epitope as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Garg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shawn C C Hsueh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven S Plotkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Genome Sciences and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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63
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Salamango DJ. Finally neutralizing the threat? A novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platform that elicits enhanced neutralizing antibody responses. mBio 2024; 15:e0006724. [PMID: 38407097 PMCID: PMC11005347 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00067-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak took the world by storm due to its rapid global spread and unpredictable disease outcomes. The extraordinary ascension of SARS-CoV-2 to pandemic status motivated a world-wide effort to rapidly develop vaccines that could effectively suppress virus spread and mitigate severe disease. These efforts culminated in the development and deployment of several highly effective vaccines that were heralded as the beginning-of-the-end of the pandemic. However, these successes were short lived due to the unexpected and continuous emergence of more transmissible and immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, attention has shifted toward developing novel vaccine platforms that elicit more robust and sustained neutralizing antibody responses. Recent findings by Muñoz-Alía and colleagues address this by combining a live recombinant measles vaccine platform with novel biochemical approaches to generate vaccine candidates that bolster the potency of neutralizing antibody responses against diverse SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (M. Á. Muñoz-Alía, R. A. Nace, B. Balakrishnan, L. Zhang, et al., mBio 9:e02928-23, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02928-23).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Salamango
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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64
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Tortorici MA, Addetia A, Seo AJ, Brown J, Sprouse K, Logue J, Clark E, Franko N, Chu H, Veesler D. Persistent immune imprinting occurs after vaccination with the COVID-19 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster in humans. Immunity 2024; 57:904-911.e4. [PMID: 38490197 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Immune imprinting describes how the first exposure to a virus shapes immunological outcomes of subsequent exposures to antigenically related strains. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infections and bivalent COVID-19 vaccination primarily recall cross-reactive memory B cells induced by prior Wuhan-Hu-1 spike mRNA vaccination rather than priming Omicron-specific naive B cells. These findings indicate that immune imprinting occurs after repeated Wuhan-Hu-1 spike exposures, but whether it can be overcome remains unclear. To understand the persistence of immune imprinting, we investigated memory and plasma antibody responses after administration of the updated XBB.1.5 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine booster. We showed that the XBB.1.5 booster elicited neutralizing antibody responses against current variants that were dominated by recall of pre-existing memory B cells previously induced by the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike. Therefore, immune imprinting persists after multiple exposures to Omicron spikes through vaccination and infection, including post XBB.1.5 booster vaccination, which will need to be considered to guide future vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Albert J Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jack Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaiti Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jenni Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erica Clark
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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65
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Addetia A, Stewart C, Seo AJ, Sprouse KR, Asiri AY, Al-Mozaini M, Memish ZA, Alshukairi A, Veesler D. Mapping immunodominant sites on the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein targeted by infection-elicited antibodies in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.586409. [PMID: 38617298 PMCID: PMC11014493 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.586409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in 2012 and causes human infections in endemic regions. Most vaccines and therapeutics in development against MERS-CoV focus on the spike (S) glycoprotein to prevent viral entry into target cells. These efforts, however, are limited by a poor understanding of antibody responses elicited by infection along with their durability, fine specificity and contribution of distinct S antigenic sites to neutralization. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed S-directed binding and neutralizing antibody titers in plasma collected from individuals infected with MERS-CoV in 2017-2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). We observed that binding and neutralizing antibodies peak 1 to 6 weeks after symptom onset/hospitalization, persist for at least 6 months, and broadly neutralize human and camel MERS-CoV strains. We show that the MERS-CoV S1 subunit is immunodominant and that antibodies targeting S1, particularly the RBD, account for most plasma neutralizing activity. Antigenic site mapping revealed that polyclonal plasma antibodies frequently target RBD epitopes, particularly a site exposed irrespective of the S trimer conformation, whereas targeting of S2 subunit epitopes is rare, similar to SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal in unprecedented details the humoral immune responses elicited by MERS-CoV infection, which will guide vaccine and therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Addetia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Albert J Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ayed Y Asiri
- Al-Hayat National Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Mozaini
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abeer Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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66
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Trabelsi K, Ben Khalaf N, Ramadan AR, Elsharkawy A, Ashoor D, Chlif S, Boussoffara T, Ben-Ahmed M, Kumar M, Fathallah MD. A novel approach to designing viral precision vaccines applied to SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346349. [PMID: 38628551 PMCID: PMC11018900 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient precision vaccines against several highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses are currently lacking. Proteolytic activation is instrumental for a number of these viruses to gain host-cell entry and develop infectivity. For SARS-CoV-2, this process is enhanced by the insertion of a furin cleavage site at the junction of the spike protein S1/S2 subunits upstream of the metalloprotease TMPRSS2 common proteolytic site. Here, we describe a new approach based on specific epitopes selection from the region involved in proteolytic activation and infectivity for the engineering of precision candidate vaccinating antigens. This approach was developed through its application to the design of SARS-CoV-2 cross-variant candidates vaccinating antigens. It includes an in silico structural analysis of the viral region involved in infectivity, the identification of conserved immunogenic epitopes and the selection of those eliciting specific immune responses in infected people. The following step consists of engineering vaccinating antigens that carry the selected epitopes and mimic their 3D native structure. Using this approach, we demonstrated through a Covid-19 patient-centered study of a 500 patients' cohort, that the epitopes selected from SARS-CoV-2 protein S1/S2 junction elicited a neutralizing antibody response significantly associated with mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 (p<0.001), which strongly suggests protective immunity. Engineered antigens containing the SARS-CoV-2 selected epitopes and mimicking the native epitopes 3D structure generated neutralizing antibody response in mice. Our data show the potential of this combined computational and experimental approach for designing precision vaccines against viruses whose pathogenicity is contingent upon proteolytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Noureddin Ben Khalaf
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed R. Ramadan
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amany Elsharkawy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dana Ashoor
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sadok Chlif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Thouraya Boussoffara
- Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben-Ahmed
- Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - M-Dahmani Fathallah
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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67
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Adachi T, Nakamura S, Michishita A, Kawahara D, Yamamoto M, Hamada M, Nakamura Y. RaptGen-Assisted Generation of an RNA/DNA Hybrid Aptamer against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Biochemistry 2024; 63:906-912. [PMID: 38457656 PMCID: PMC10993888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Optimization of aptamers in length and chemistry is crucial for industrial applications. Here, we developed aptamers against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and achieved optimization with a deep-learning-based algorithm, RaptGen. We conducted a primer-less SELEX against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike with an RNA/DNA hybrid library, and the resulting sequences were subjected to RaptGen analysis. Based on the sequence profiling by RaptGen, a short truncation aptamer of 26 nucleotides was obtained and further optimized by a chemical modification of relevant nucleotides. The resulting aptamer is bound to RBD not only of SARS-CoV-2 wildtype but also of its variants, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We concluded that the RaptGen-assisted discovery is efficient for developing optimized aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Adachi
- RIBOMIC
Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | | | - Akiya Michishita
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational
Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 3-4-1, Okubo
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Kawahara
- RIBOMIC
Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamamoto
- Research
Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational
Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 3-4-1, Okubo
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- RIBOMIC
Inc., 3-16-13 Shirokanedai,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
- The
Institute of Medical Science, The University
of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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68
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Anzai I, Fujita J, Ono C, Kosaka Y, Miyamoto Y, Shichinohe S, Takada K, Torii S, Taguwa S, Suzuki K, Makino F, Kajita T, Inoue T, Namba K, Watanabe T, Matsuura Y. Characterization of a neutralizing antibody that recognizes a loop region adjacent to the receptor-binding interface of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0365523. [PMID: 38415660 PMCID: PMC10986471 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03655-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the global crisis caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is over, the global epidemic of the disease continues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, initiates infection via the binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its spike protein to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor, and this interaction has been the primary target for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics. Here, we identified neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by screening mouse monoclonal antibodies and characterized an antibody, CSW1-1805, that targets a narrow region at the RBD ridge of the spike protein. CSW1-1805 neutralized several variants in vitro and completely protected mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cryo-EM and biochemical analyses revealed that this antibody recognizes the loop region adjacent to the ACE2-binding interface with the RBD in both a receptor-inaccessible "down" state and a receptor-accessible "up" state and could stabilize the RBD conformation in the up-state. CSW1-1805 also showed different binding orientations and complementarity determining region properties compared to other RBD ridge-targeting antibodies with similar binding epitopes. It is important to continuously characterize neutralizing antibodies to address new variants that continue to emerge. Our characterization of this antibody that recognizes the RBD ridge of the spike protein will aid in the development of future neutralizing antibodies.IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2 cell entry is initiated by the interaction of the viral spike protein with the host cell receptor. Therefore, mechanistic findings regarding receptor recognition by the spike protein help uncover the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and guide neutralizing antibody development. Here, we characterized a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody that recognizes an epitope, a loop region adjacent to the receptor-binding interface, that may be involved in the conformational transition of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein from a receptor-inaccessible "down" state into a receptor-accessible "up" state, and also stabilizes the RBD in the up-state. Our mechanistic findings provide new insights into SARS-CoV-2 receptor recognition and guidance for neutralizing antibody development.
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Grants
- JP16H06429, JP16K21723, JP16H06432 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP16H06429, JP16K21723, JP16H06434 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP22H02521 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP21K15042 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP21H02736 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP25K000013 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20K22630 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP223fa627002, JP22am0401030, JP23fk0108659, JP20jk0210021, JP22gm1610010, JP19fk0108113 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP223fa627002 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP19fk0108113, JP20fk0108281, JP20pc0101047 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP20fk0108401, JP21fk0108493 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP21am0101117, JP17pc0101020 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JPMJOP1861 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- JPMJMS2025 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Anzai
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junso Fujita
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Shintaro Shichinohe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takada
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Taguwa
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Suzuki
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Makino
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research and Spring-8 Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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69
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Galeota E, Bevilacqua V, Gobbini A, Gruarin P, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Favalli A, Lombardi A, Vincenti F, Ongaro J, Fabbris T, Curti S, Martinovic M, Toccafondi M, Lorenzo M, Critelli A, Clemente F, Crosti M, Sarnicola ML, Martinelli M, La Sala L, Espadas A, Donnici L, Borghi MO, De Feo T, De Francesco R, Prati D, Meroni PL, Notarbartolo S, Geginat J, Gori A, Bandera A, Abrignani S, Grifantini R. Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:110164. [PMID: 38417765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Galeota
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bevilacqua
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gobbini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Favalli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, Dottorato in Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DIMET), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Vincenti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Ongaro
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Tanya Fabbris
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Curti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Martinovic
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mirco Toccafondi
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lorenzo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Critelli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Sarnicola
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alejandro Espadas
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullia De Feo
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale "Luigi Sacco", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy.
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70
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Costa JNY, Pimentel GJC, Poker JA, Merces L, Paschoalino WJ, Vieira LCS, Castro ACH, Alves WA, Ayres LB, Kubota LT, Santhiago M, Garcia CD, Piazzetta MHO, Gobbi AL, Shimizu FM, Lima RS. Single-Response Duplexing of Electrochemical Label-Free Biosensor from the Same Tag. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303509. [PMID: 38245830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiplexing is a valuable strategy to boost throughput and improve clinical accuracy. Exploiting the vertical, meshed design of reproducible and low-cost ultra-dense electrochemical chips, the unprecedented single-response multiplexing of typical label-free biosensors is reported. Using a cheap, handheld one-channel workstation and a single redox probe, that is, ferro/ferricyanide, the recognition events taking place on two spatially resolved locations of the same working electrode can be tracked along a single voltammetry scan by collecting the electrochemical signatures of the probe in relation to different quasi-reference electrodes, Au (0 V) and Ag/AgCl ink (+0.2 V). This spatial isolation prevents crosstalk between the redox tags and interferences over functionalization and binding steps, representing an advantage over the existing non-spatially resolved single-response multiplex strategies. As proof of concept, peptide-tethered immunosensors are demonstrated to provide the duplex detection of COVID-19 antibodies, thereby doubling the throughput while achieving 100% accuracy in serum samples. The approach is envisioned to enable broad applications in high-throughput and multi-analyte platforms, as it can be tailored to other biosensing devices and formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana N Y Costa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriel J C Pimentel
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Júlia A Poker
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro Merces
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Waldemir J Paschoalino
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luis C S Vieira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana C H Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Wendel A Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Lauro T Kubota
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Maria H O Piazzetta
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo L Gobbi
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio M Shimizu
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Renato S Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-590, Brazil
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71
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Rexhepaj M, Park YJ, Perruzza L, Asarnow D, Mccallum M, Culap K, Saliba C, Leoni G, Balmelli A, Yoshiyama CN, Dickinson MS, Quispe J, Brown JT, Tortorici MA, Sprouse KR, Taylor AL, Starr TN, Corti D, Benigni F, Veesler D. Broadly neutralizing antibodies against emerging delta-coronaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.586411. [PMID: 38617231 PMCID: PMC11014491 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.586411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) spillovers were recently detected in children with acute undifferentiated febrile illness, underscoring recurrent zoonoses of divergent coronaviruses. To date, no vaccines or specific therapeutics are approved for use in humans against PDCoV. To prepare for possible future PDCoV epidemics, we isolated human spike (S)-directed monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice and found that two of them, designated PD33 and PD41, broadly neutralized a panel of PDCoV variants. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of PD33 and PD41 in complex with the PDCoV receptor-binding domain and S ectodomain trimer provide a blueprint of the epitopes recognized by these mAbs, rationalizing their broad inhibitory activity. We show that both mAbs inhibit PDCoV by competitively interfering with host APN binding to the PDCoV receptor-binding loops, explaining the mechanism of viral neutralization. PD33 and PD41 are candidates for clinical advancement, which could be stockpiled to prepare for possible future PDCoV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megi Rexhepaj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mathew Mccallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giada Leoni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Balmelli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Miles S. Dickinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joel Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jack Taylor Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin R. Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ashley L. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyler N Starr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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72
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Saha G, Sawmya S, Saha A, Akil MA, Tasnim S, Rahman MS, Rahman MS. PRIEST: predicting viral mutations with immune escape capability of SARS-CoV-2 using temporal evolutionary information. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae218. [PMID: 38742520 PMCID: PMC11091746 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus is primarily driven by mutations in its genetic sequence, culminating in the emergence of variants with increased capability to evade host immune responses. Accurate prediction of such mutations is fundamental in mitigating pandemic spread and developing effective control measures. This study introduces a robust and interpretable deep-learning approach called PRIEST. This innovative model leverages time-series viral sequences to foresee potential viral mutations. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations underscore PRIEST's proficiency in accurately predicting immune-evading mutations. Our work represents a substantial step in utilizing deep-learning methodologies for anticipatory viral mutation analysis and pandemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Saha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shashata Sawmya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Saha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ajwad Akil
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Tasnim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Sohel Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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73
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Monteiro MES, Lechuga GC, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Carvalho JPRS, Gomes LR, Morel CM, Provance DW, De-Simone SG. Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Motif Linear Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:342. [PMID: 38675725 PMCID: PMC11055068 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a significant economic and social burden on a global scale. Even though the pandemic has concluded, apprehension remains regarding the emergence of highly transmissible variants capable of evading immunity induced by either vaccination or prior infection. The success of viral penetration is due to the specific amino acid residues of the receptor-binding motif (RBM) involved in viral attachment. This region interacts with the cellular receptor ACE2, triggering a neutralizing antibody (nAb) response. In this study, we evaluated serum immunogenicity from individuals who received either a single dose or a combination of different vaccines against the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and a mutated linear RBM. Despite a modest antibody response to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 RBM, the Omicron variants exhibit four mutations in the RBM (S477N, T478K, E484A, and F486V) that result in even lower antibody titers. The primary immune responses observed were directed toward IgA and IgG. While nAbs typically target the RBD, our investigation has unveiled reduced seroreactivity within the RBD's crucial subregion, the RBM. This deficiency may have implications for the generation of protective nAbs. An evaluation of S1WT and S2WT RBM peptides binding to nAbs using microscale thermophoresis revealed a higher affinity (35 nM) for the S2WT sequence (GSTPCNGVEGFNCYF), which includes the FNCY patch. Our findings suggest that the linear RBM of SARS-CoV-2 is not an immunodominant region in vaccinated individuals. Comprehending the intricate dynamics of the humoral response, its interplay with viral evolution, and host genetics is crucial for formulating effective vaccination strategies, targeting not only SARS-CoV-2 but also anticipating potential future coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. S. Monteiro
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - João P. R. S. Carvalho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa R. Gomes
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - David W. Provance
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (M.E.S.M.); (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (L.R.G.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
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Lebedin M, Ratswohl C, Garg A, Schips M, García CV, Spatt L, Thibeault C, Obermayer B, Weiner J, Velásquez IM, Gerhard C, Stubbemann P, Hanitsch LG, Pischon T, Witzenrath M, Sander LE, Kurth F, Meyer-Hermann M, de la Rosa K. Soluble ACE2 correlates with severe COVID-19 and can impair antibody responses. iScience 2024; 27:109330. [PMID: 38496296 PMCID: PMC10940809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying immune modulators that impact neutralizing antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great relevance. We postulated that high serum concentrations of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) might mask the spike and interfere with antibody maturation toward the SARS-CoV-2-receptor-binding motif (RBM). We tested 717 longitudinal samples from 295 COVID-19 patients and showed a 2- to 10-fold increase of enzymatically active sACE2 (a-sACE2), with up to 1 μg/mL total sACE2 in moderate and severe patients. Fifty percent of COVID-19 sera inhibited ACE2 activity, in contrast to 1.3% of healthy donors and 4% of non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. A mild inverse correlation of a-sACE2 with RBM-directed serum antibodies was observed. In silico, we show that sACE2 concentrations measured in COVID-19 sera can disrupt germinal center formation and inhibit timely production of high-affinity antibodies. We suggest that sACE2 is a biomarker for COVID-19 and that soluble receptors may contribute to immune suppression informing vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lebedin
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ratswohl
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Free University of Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amar Garg
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Schips
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Clara Vázquez García
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Spatt
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathrin Gerhard
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Stubbemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Gunnar Hanitsch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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75
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Chao CW, Sprouse KR, Miranda MC, Catanzaro NJ, Hubbard ML, Addetia A, Stewart C, Brown JT, Dosey A, Valdez A, Ravichandran R, Hendricks GG, Ahlrichs M, Dobbins C, Hand A, Treichel C, Willoughby I, Walls AC, McGuire AT, Leaf EM, Baric RS, Schäfer A, Veesler D, King NP. Protein nanoparticle vaccines induce potent neutralizing antibody responses against MERS-CoV. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.584735. [PMID: 38558973 PMCID: PMC10979991 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic betacoronavirus that causes severe and often lethal respiratory illness in humans. The MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is the viral fusogen and the target of neutralizing antibodies, and has therefore been the focus of vaccine design efforts. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against MERS-CoV and only a few candidates have advanced to Phase I clinical trials. Here we developed MERS-CoV vaccines utilizing a computationally designed protein nanoparticle platform that has generated safe and immunogenic vaccines against various enveloped viruses, including a licensed vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Two-component protein nanoparticles displaying MERS-CoV S-derived antigens induced robust neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice against challenge with mouse-adapted MERS-CoV. Electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping and serum competition assays revealed the specificities of the dominant antibody responses elicited by immunogens displaying the prefusion-stabilized S-2P trimer, receptor binding domain (RBD), or N-terminal domain (NTD). An RBD nanoparticle vaccine elicited antibodies targeting multiple non-overlapping epitopes in the RBD, whereas anti-NTD antibodies elicited by the S-2P- and NTD-based immunogens converged on a single antigenic site. Our findings demonstrate the potential of two-component nanoparticle vaccine candidates for MERS-CoV and suggest that this platform technology could be broadly applicable to betacoronavirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara W Chao
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas J Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Miranda L Hubbard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jack T Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Annie Dosey
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adian Valdez
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Grace G Hendricks
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexis Hand
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Catherine Treichel
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Isabelle Willoughby
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Leaf
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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76
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Inchauste L, Nurtop E, Brisbarre N, Ninove L, Gallian P, de Lamballerie X, Priet S. Exploring cell-free assays for COVID-19 serosurvey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6096. [PMID: 38480769 PMCID: PMC10938000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Serosurveys to monitor immunity toward COVID-19 in the population are primarily performed using an ELISA to screen samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, followed by confirmation by a virus neutralization test, which is considered the Gold Standard. However, virus neutralization test may not be feasible for some laboratories because of the requirement for specific facilities and trained personnel. In an attempt to address this limitation, we evaluated three cell-free methods as potential alternatives for assessing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in human population from plasma. We report the establishment of two inhibition ELISAs designed to detect anti-Spike RBD IgG antibodies and a microsphere quantitative suspension array technology assay, based on the Luminex xMAP platform, to measure the presence of antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including anti-RBD. These methods were also compared to a commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay designed for anti-RBD antibodies detection and to the combined ELISA + virus neutralization test strategy. These cell-free assays performed equally to estimate the percentage of positive and negative samples and could be used to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human population, at least in cohort with high-expected prevalence, without the use of seroneutralization assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Inchauste
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France
| | - Elif Nurtop
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Brisbarre
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France
- Établissement Français du Sang Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France
- Établissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Priet
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France.
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77
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Clever S, Limpinsel L, Meyer zu Natrup C, Schünemann LM, Beythien G, Rosiak M, Hülskötter K, Gregor KM, Tuchel T, Kalodimou G, Freudenstein A, Kumar S, Baumgärtner W, Sutter G, Tscherne A, Volz A. Single MVA-SARS-2-ST/N Vaccination Rapidly Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against a Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:417. [PMID: 38543782 PMCID: PMC10974247 DOI: 10.3390/v16030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates the need for new vaccines that rapidly protect in the case of an emergency. In this study, we developed a recombinant MVA vaccine co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized spike protein (ST) and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N, MVA-SARS-2-ST/N) as an approach to further improve vaccine-induced immunogenicity and efficacy. Single MVA-SARS-2-ST/N vaccination in K18-hACE2 mice induced robust protection against lethal respiratory SARS-CoV-2 challenge infection 28 days later. The protective outcome of MVA-SARS-2-ST/N vaccination correlated with the activation of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (nABs) and substantial amounts of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells especially in the lung of MVA-SARS-2-ST/N-vaccinated mice. Emergency vaccination with MVA-SARS-2-ST/N just 2 days before lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge infection resulted in a delayed onset of clinical disease outcome in these mice and increased titers of nAB or SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the spleen and lung. These data highlight the potential of a multivalent COVID-19 vaccine co-expressing S- and N-protein, which further contributes to the development of rapidly protective vaccination strategies against emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Clever
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (S.C.); (C.M.z.N.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Leonard Limpinsel
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.L.); (G.K.); (A.F.); (S.K.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Christian Meyer zu Natrup
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (S.C.); (C.M.z.N.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Schünemann
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (S.C.); (C.M.z.N.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.R.); (K.H.); (K.M.G.); (W.B.)
| | - Malgorzata Rosiak
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.R.); (K.H.); (K.M.G.); (W.B.)
| | - Kirsten Hülskötter
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.R.); (K.H.); (K.M.G.); (W.B.)
| | - Katharina Manuela Gregor
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.R.); (K.H.); (K.M.G.); (W.B.)
| | - Tamara Tuchel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (S.C.); (C.M.z.N.); (L.-M.S.)
| | - Georgia Kalodimou
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.L.); (G.K.); (A.F.); (S.K.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Astrid Freudenstein
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.L.); (G.K.); (A.F.); (S.K.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Satendra Kumar
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.L.); (G.K.); (A.F.); (S.K.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.R.); (K.H.); (K.M.G.); (W.B.)
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.L.); (G.K.); (A.F.); (S.K.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Alina Tscherne
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (L.L.); (G.K.); (A.F.); (S.K.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (S.C.); (C.M.z.N.); (L.-M.S.)
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Yu P, Ran J, Yang R, Zhu H, Lu S, Wu Y, Zhao T, Xiong T. Rapid isolation of pan-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants from convalescent individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374913. [PMID: 38510237 PMCID: PMC10950932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has presented a significant challenge to global health, as these variants show resistance to most antibodies developed early in the pandemic. Therapeutic antibodies with potent efficacy to the Omicron variants are urgently demanded. Methods Utilizing the rapid antibody discovery platform, Berkeley Lights Beacon, we isolated two monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4. These antibodies were isolated from individuals who recently recovered from Omicron infections. Results Both antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4, demonstrated high affinity for the RBD and effectively neutralized pseudoviruses from various Omicron lineages, including BA.4/5, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1. This neutralization was achieved through binding to identical or overlapping epitopes. Discussion The use of the Beacon platform enabled the rapid isolation and identification of effective neutralizing antibodies within less than 10 days. This process significantly accelerates the development of novel therapeutic antibodies, potentially reducing the time required to respond to unknown infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingping Ran
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Lu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianchen Xiong
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
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79
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Patel DR, Minns AM, Sim DG, Field CJ, Kerr AE, Heinly TA, Luley EH, Rossi RM, Bator CM, Moustafa IM, Norton EB, Hafenstein SL, Lindner SE, Sutton TC. Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 RBD decorated nanoparticle vaccine enhances viral clearance in the Syrian hamster model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0499822. [PMID: 38334387 PMCID: PMC10923206 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04998-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple vaccines have been developed and licensed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). While these vaccines reduce disease severity, they do not prevent infection. To prevent infection and limit transmission, vaccines must be developed that induce immunity in the respiratory tract. Therefore, we performed proof-of-principle studies with an intranasal nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine candidate consisted of the self-assembling 60-subunit I3-01 protein scaffold covalently decorated with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) using the SpyCatcher-SpyTag system. We verified the intended antigen display features by reconstructing the I3-01 scaffold to 3.4 A using cryogenicelectron microscopy. Using this RBD-grafted SpyCage scaffold (RBD + SpyCage), we performed two intranasal vaccination studies in the "gold-standard" pre-clinical Syrian hamster model. The initial study focused on assessing the immunogenicity of RBD + SpyCage combined with the LTA1 intranasal adjuvant. These studies showed RBD + SpyCage vaccination induced an antibody response that promoted viral clearance but did not prevent infection. Inclusion of the LTA1 adjuvant enhanced the magnitude of the antibody response but did not enhance protection. Thus, in an expanded study, in the absence of an intranasal adjuvant, we evaluated if covalent bonding of RBD to the scaffold was required to induce an antibody response. Covalent grafting of RBD was required for the vaccine to be immunogenic, and animals vaccinated with RBD + SpyCage more rapidly cleared SARS-CoV-2 from both the upper and lower respiratory tract. These findings demonstrate the intranasal SpyCage vaccine platform can induce protection against SARS-CoV-2 and, with additional modifications to improve immunogenicity, is a versatile platform for the development of intranasal vaccines targeting respiratory pathogens.IMPORTANCEDespite the availability of efficacious COVID vaccines that reduce disease severity, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread. To limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the next generation of vaccines must induce immunity in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, we performed proof-of-principle, intranasal vaccination studies with a recombinant protein nanoparticle scaffold, SpyCage, decorated with the RBD of the S protein (SpyCage + RBD). We show that SpyCage + RBD was immunogenic and enhanced SARS-CoV-2 clearance from the nose and lungs of Syrian hamsters. Moreover, covalent grafting of the RBD to the scaffold was required to induce an immune response when given via the intranasal route. These proof-of-concept findings indicate that with further enhancements to immunogenicity (e.g., adjuvant incorporation and antigen optimization), the SpyCage scaffold has potential as a versatile, intranasal vaccine platform for respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi R. Patel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allen M. Minns
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Center for Malaria Research, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek G. Sim
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cassandra J. Field
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail E. Kerr
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Talia A. Heinly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin H. Luley
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randall M. Rossi
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol M. Bator
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim M. Moustafa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Susan L. Hafenstein
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Lindner
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Center for Malaria Research, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Troy C. Sutton
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Titova E, Kan VW, Lozy T, Ip A, Shier K, Prakash VP, Starolis M, Ansari S, Goldgirsh K, Kim S, Pelliccia MC, Mccutchen A, Megalla M, Gunning TS, Kaufman HW, Meyer WA, Perlin DS. Humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccination in immunocompetent and immunocompromised cancer populations. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0205023. [PMID: 38353557 PMCID: PMC10913742 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02050-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients are at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes due to impaired immune responses. However, the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is inadequately characterized in this population. We hypothesized that cancer vs non-cancer individuals would mount less robust humoral and/or cellular vaccine-induced immune SARS-CoV-2 responses. Receptor binding domain (RBD) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels and T-cell responses were assessed in immunocompetent individuals with no underlying disorders (n = 479) and immunocompromised individuals (n = 115). All 594 individuals were vaccinated and of varying COVID-19 statuses (i.e., not known to have been infected, previously infected, or "Long-COVID"). Among immunocompromised individuals, 59% (n = 68) had an underlying hematologic malignancy; of those, 46% (n = 31) of individuals received cancer treatment <30 days prior to study blood collection. Ninety-eight percentage (n = 469) of immunocompetent and 81% (n = 93) of immunocompromised individuals had elevated RBD antibody titers (>1,000 U/mL), and of these, 60% (n = 281) and 44% (n = 41), respectively, also had elevated T-cell responses. Composite T-cell responses were higher in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or those diagnosed with Long-COVID compared to uninfected individuals. T-cell responses varied between immunocompetent vs carcinoma (n = 12) cohorts (P < 0.01) but not in immunocompetent vs hematologic malignancy cohorts. Most SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals mounted robust cellular and/or humoral responses, though higher immunogenicity was observed among the immunocompetent compared to cancer populations. The study suggests B-cell targeted therapies suppress antibody responses, but not T-cell responses, to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Thus, vaccination continues to be an effective way to induce humoral and cellular immune responses as a likely key preventive measure against infection and/or subsequent more severe adverse outcomes. IMPORTANCE The study was prompted by a desire to better assess the immune status of patients among our cancer host cohort, one of the largest in the New York metropolitan region. Hackensack Meridian Health is the largest healthcare system in New Jersey and cared for more than 75,000 coronavirus disease 2019 patients in its hospitals. The John Theurer Cancer Center sees more than 35,000 new cancer patients a year and performs more than 500 hematopoietic stem cell transplants. As a result, the work was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of vaccination in inducing humoral and cellular responses within this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Titova
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Veronica W. Kan
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tara Lozy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew Ip
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sara Ansari
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kira Goldgirsh
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael C. Pelliccia
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aamirah Mccutchen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martinus Megalla
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas S. Gunning
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Yaghoobizadeh F, Roayaei Ardakani M, Ranjbar MM, Khosravi M, Galehdari H. Development of a potent recombinant scFv antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 by in-depth bioinformatics study: Paving the way for vaccine/diagnostics development. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108091. [PMID: 38295473 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 has led to a worldwide disaster. Thus, developing prophylactics/therapeutics is required to overcome this public health issue. Among these, producing the anti-SARS-CoV-2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies has attracted a significant attention. Accordingly, this study aims to address this question: Is it possible to bioinformatics-based design of a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 scFv as an alternative to current production approaches? METHOD Using the complexed SARS-CoV-2 spike-antibodies, two sets analyses were performed: (1) B-cell epitopes (BCEs) prediction in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) region as a parameter for antibody screening; (2) the computational analysis of antibodies variable domains (VH/VL). Based on these primary screenings, and docking/binding affinity rating, one antibody was selected. The protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the selected antibody-epitope complex were predicted and its epitope conservancy was also evaluated. Thereafter, some elements were added to the final scFv: (1) the PelB signal peptide; (2) a GSGGGGS linker to connect the VH-VL. Finally, this scFv was analyzed/optimized using various web servers. RESULTS Among the antibody library, only one met the various criteria for being an efficient scFv candidate. Moreover, no interaction was predicted between its paratope and RBD hot-spot residues of SARS-CoV-2 variants-of-Concern (VOCs). CONCLUSIONS Herein, a step-by-step bioinformatics platform has been introduced to bypass some barriers of traditional antibody production approaches. Based on existing literature, the current study is one of the pioneer works in the field of bioinformatics-based scFv production. This scFv may be a good candidate for diagnostics/therapeutics design against the SARS-CoV-2 as an emerging aggressive pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yaghoobizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, 6135783151, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, 6135783151, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, 6135783151, Iran.
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, 6135783151, Iran.
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Costa Rocha VP, Souza Machado BA, Barreto BC, Quadros HC, Santana Fernandes AM, Lima EDS, Bandeira ME, Meira CS, Moraes dos Santos Fonseca L, Erasmus J, Khandhar A, Berglund P, Reed S, José da Silva Badaró R, Pereira Soares MB. A polyvalent RNA vaccine reduces the immune imprinting phenotype in mice and induces neutralizing antibodies against omicron SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25539. [PMID: 38370238 PMCID: PMC10869778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune imprinting is now evident in COVID-19 vaccinated people. This phenomenon may impair the development of effective neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern (VoCs), mainly Omicron and its subvariants. Consequently, the boost doses with bivalent vaccines have not shown a significant gain of function regarding the neutralization of Omicron. The approach to design COVID-19 vaccines must be revised to improve the effectiveness against VoCs. Here, we took advantage of the self-amplifying characteristic of RepRNA and developed a polyvalent formulation composed of mRNA from five VoCs. LION/RepRNA Polyvalent induced neutralizing antibodies in mice previously immunized with LION/RepRNA D614G and reduced the imprinted phenotype associated with low neutralization capacity of Omicron B.1.1.529 pseudoviruses. The polyvalent vaccine can be a strategy to handle the low neutralization of Omicron VoC, despite booster doses with either monovalent or bivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Pinto Costa Rocha
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Helenita Costa Quadros
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Eduarda dos Santos Lima
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Evangelista Bandeira
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto José da Silva Badaró
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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83
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Hsieh CL, Leist SR, Miller EH, Zhou L, Powers JM, Tse AL, Wang A, West A, Zweigart MR, Schisler JC, Jangra RK, Chandran K, Baric RS, McLellan JS. Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 S2-only antigen provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1553. [PMID: 38378768 PMCID: PMC10879192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have diminished the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. Developing a coronavirus vaccine that offers a greater breadth of protection against current and future VOCs would eliminate the need to reformulate COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we rationally engineer the sequence-conserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and characterize the resulting S2-only antigens. Structural studies demonstrate that the introduction of interprotomer disulfide bonds can lock S2 in prefusion trimers, although the apex samples a continuum of conformations between open and closed states. Immunization with prefusion-stabilized S2 constructs elicits broadly neutralizing responses against several sarbecoviruses and protects female BALB/c mice from mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 lethal challenge and partially protects female BALB/c mice from mouse-adapted SARS-CoV lethal challenge. These engineering and immunogenicity results should inform the development of next-generation pan-coronavirus therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Emily Happy Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John M Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra L Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark R Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Wang Z, Huang AS, Tang L, Wang J, Wang G. Microfluidic-assisted single-cell RNA sequencing facilitates the development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:642-657. [PMID: 38165771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
As a class of antibodies that specifically bind to a virus and block its entry, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (neutralizing mAbs) have been recognized as a top choice for combating COVID-19 due to their high specificity and efficacy in treating serious infections. Although conventional approaches for neutralizing mAb development have been optimized for decades, there is an urgent need for workflows with higher efficiency due to time-sensitive concerns, including the high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2. One promising approach is the identification of neutralizing mAb candidates via single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), as each B cell has a unique transcript sequence corresponding to its secreted antibody. The state-of-the-art high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies, which have been greatly facilitated by advances in microfluidics, have greatly accelerated the process of neutralizing mAb development. Here, we provide an overview of the general procedures for high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq enabled by breakthroughs in droplet microfluidics, introduce revolutionary approaches that combine single-cell RNA-seq to facilitate the development of neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2, and outline future steps that need to be taken to further improve development strategies for effective treatments against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Amelia Siqi Huang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingfang Tang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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85
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Ahmed N, Athavale A, Tripathi AH, Subramaniam A, Upadhyay SK, Pandey AK, Rai RC, Awasthi A. To be remembered: B cell memory response against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13345. [PMID: 38441373 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has plagued the world economy and affected the overall well-being and life of most of the people. Natural infection as well as vaccination leads to the development of an immune response against the pathogen. This involves the production of antibodies, which can neutralize the virus during future challenges. In addition, the development of cellular immune memory with memory B and T cells provides long-lasting protection. The longevity of the immune response has been a subject of intensive research in this field. The extent of immunity conferred by different forms of vaccination or natural infections remained debatable for long. Hence, understanding the effectiveness of these responses among different groups of people can assist government organizations in making informed policy decisions. In this article, based on the publicly available data, we have reviewed the memory response generated by some of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly B cell memory in different groups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Ahmed
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Atharv Athavale
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adarsh Subramaniam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:144-158. [PMID: 37945737 PMCID: PMC10805925 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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87
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Focosi D, Casadevall A, Franchini M, Maggi F. Sotrovimab: A Review of Its Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Viruses 2024; 16:217. [PMID: 38399991 PMCID: PMC10891757 DOI: 10.3390/v16020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the S-309 derivative sotrovimab was the most successful in having the longest temporal window of clinical use, showing a high degree of resiliency to SARS-CoV-2 evolution interrupted only by the appearance of the BA.2.86* variant of interest (VOI). This success undoubtedly reflects rational selection to target a highly conserved epitope in coronavirus Spike proteins. We review here the efficacy of sotrovimab against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in outpatients and inpatients, discussing both randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence. Although it could not be anticipated at the time of its development and introduction, sotrovimab's use in immunocompromised individuals who harbor large populations of variant viruses created the conditions for its eventual demise, as antibody selection and viral evolution led to its eventual withdrawal due to inefficacy against later variant lineages. Despite this, based on observational and real-world data, some authorities have continued to promote the use of sotrovimab, but the lack of binding to newer variants strongly argues for the futility of continued use. The story of sotrovimab highlights the power of modern biomedical science to generate novel therapeutics while also providing a cautionary tale for the need to devise strategies to minimize the emergence of resistance to antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Carlo Poma Hospital, 46100 Mantua, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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88
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Zech F, Jung C, Jacob T, Kirchhoff F. Causes and Consequences of Coronavirus Spike Protein Variability. Viruses 2024; 16:177. [PMID: 38399953 PMCID: PMC10892391 DOI: 10.3390/v16020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a large family of enveloped RNA viruses found in numerous animal species. They are well known for their ability to cross species barriers and have been transmitted from bats or intermediate hosts to humans on several occasions. Four of the seven human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are responsible for approximately 20% of common colds (hCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, -HKU1). Two others (SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV) cause severe and frequently lethal respiratory syndromes but have only spread to very limited extents in the human population. In contrast the most recent human hCoV, SARS-CoV-2, while exhibiting intermediate pathogenicity, has a profound impact on public health due to its enormous spread. In this review, we discuss which initial features of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and subsequent adaptations to the new human host may have helped this pathogen to cause the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus is on host forces driving changes in the Spike protein and their consequences for virus infectivity, pathogenicity, immune evasion and resistance to preventive or therapeutic agents. In addition, we briefly address the significance and perspectives of broad-spectrum therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.J.); (T.J.)
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.J.); (T.J.)
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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89
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Lenart K, Arcoverde Cerveira R, Hellgren F, Ols S, Sheward DJ, Kim C, Cagigi A, Gagne M, Davis B, Germosen D, Roy V, Alter G, Letscher H, Van Wassenhove J, Gros W, Gallouët AS, Le Grand R, Kleanthous H, Guebre-Xabier M, Murrell B, Patel N, Glenn G, Smith G, Loré K. Three immunizations with Novavax's protein vaccines increase antibody breadth and provide durable protection from SARS-CoV-2. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:17. [PMID: 38245545 PMCID: PMC10799869 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune responses to Novavax's licensed NVX-CoV2373 nanoparticle Spike protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 remain incompletely understood. Here, we show in rhesus macaques that immunization with Matrix-MTM adjuvanted vaccines predominantly elicits immune events in local tissues with little spillover to the periphery. A third dose of an updated vaccine based on the Gamma (P.1) variant 7 months after two immunizations with licensed NVX-CoV2373 resulted in significant enhancement of anti-spike antibody titers and antibody breadth including neutralization of forward drift Omicron variants. The third immunization expanded the Spike-specific memory B cell pool, induced significant somatic hypermutation, and increased serum antibody avidity, indicating considerable affinity maturation. Seven months after immunization, vaccinated animals controlled infection by either WA-1 or P.1 strain, mediated by rapid anamnestic antibody and T cell responses in the lungs. In conclusion, a third immunization with an adjuvanted, low-dose recombinant protein vaccine significantly improved the quality of B cell responses, enhanced antibody breadth, and provided durable protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Lenart
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Hellgren
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Sheward
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changil Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Davis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hélène Letscher
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Van Wassenhove
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Wesley Gros
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Harry Kleanthous
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
- SK Biosciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Karin Loré
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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90
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Zhan XY, Chen Y, Zhang X, Shi Q, Chen K, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Li W, Li M, Peng Q, Qin C, Liu T, Xu H, Yuan D, Ye Z, Yan L, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chen M, Li K, Ke C, Zhu Y, Huang B. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and associated factors in the healthy population post-vaccination. Vaccine 2024; 42:175-185. [PMID: 38103966 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate factors that may influence humoral immunity post-vaccination with a COVID-19-inactivated vaccine (SC2IV). METHODS A total of 1596 healthy individuals from the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (1217) and Shenzhen Baotian Hospital (379) were enrolled in this study among which 694 and 218 participants were vaccinated with two-dose SC2IV, respectively. Physical examination indices were recorded. The levels of neutralizing antibody (NA), Spike IgG, receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, RBD IgG + IgM + IgA, and nucleocapsid IgG of SARS-CoV-2 were measured by a non-virus ELISA kit. Multiple statistical analyses were carried out to identify factors that influence humoral immunity post-vaccination. RESULTS The two-dosage vaccination could induce NA in more than 90 % of recipients. The NA has the strongest correlation with anti-RBD IgG. Age is the most important independent index that affects the NA level, while basophil count, creatine kinase-MB, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, the ratio of albumin to urine creatinine, and thyroglobulin antibody have relatively minor contributions. Indices that affect the NA level were different between males and females. Antibodies targeting other epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in recipients without anti-RBD. CONCLUSIONS The factors identified in association with the NA level post-vaccination may help to evaluate the protective effect, risk of re-infection, the severity of symptoms, and prognosis for vaccine recipients in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Qipeng Shi
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-medical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Kaiyin Chen
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yuhong Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Wenxia Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Manli Li
- Shenzhen Genrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518106, PR China
| | - Qin Peng
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, PR China
| | - Changfei Qin
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Taoli Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Dasen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ziheng Ye
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Shuming Cheng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Youpeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Genrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518106, PR China.
| | - Ke Li
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
| | - Changneng Ke
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, PR China.
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
| | - Bihui Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
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91
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Keller MW, Keong LM, Rambo-Martin BL, Hassell N, Lacek KA, Wilson MM, Kirby MK, Liddell J, Owuor DC, Sheth M, Madden J, Lee JS, Kondor RJ, Wentworth DE, Barnes JR. Targeted amplification and genetic sequencing of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surface glycoprotein. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0298223. [PMID: 38084972 PMCID: PMC10783008 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02982-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an unprecedented surveillance effort. The resulting data were and will continue to be critical for surveillance and control of SARS-CoV-2. However, some genomic surveillance methods experienced challenges as the virus evolved, resulting in incomplete and poor quality data. Complete and quality coverage, especially of the S-gene, is important for supporting the selection of vaccine candidates. As such, we developed a robust method to target the S-gene for amplification and sequencing. By focusing on the S-gene and imposing strict coverage and quality metrics, we hope to increase the quality of surveillance data for this continually evolving gene. Our technique is currently being deployed globally to partner laboratories, and public health representatives from 79 countries have received hands-on training and support. Expanding access to quality surveillance methods will undoubtedly lead to earlier detection of novel variants and better inform vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Keller
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa M. Keong
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Rambo-Martin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Norman Hassell
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristine A. Lacek
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Malania M. Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marie K. Kirby
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jimma Liddell
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - D. Collins Owuor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Madden
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin S. Lee
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Kondor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John R. Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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92
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McCallum M, Park YJ, Stewart C, Sprouse KR, Brown J, Tortorici MA, Gibson C, Wong E, Ieven M, Telenti A, Veesler D. Human coronavirus HKU1 recognition of the TMPRSS2 host receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574565. [PMID: 38260518 PMCID: PMC10802434 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The human coronavirus HKU1 spike (S) glycoprotein engages host cell surface sialoglycans and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to initiate infection. The molecular basis of HKU1 binding to TMPRSS2 and determinants of host receptor tropism remain elusive. Here, we designed an active human TMPRSS2 construct enabling high-yield recombinant production in human cells of this key therapeutic target. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the HKU1 RBD bound to human TMPRSS2 providing a blueprint of the interactions supporting viral entry and explaining the specificity for TMPRSS2 among human type 2 transmembrane serine proteases. We found that human, rat, hamster and camel TMPRSS2 promote HKU1 S-mediated entry into cells and identified key residues governing host receptor usage. Our data show that serum antibodies targeting the HKU1 RBD TMPRSS2 binding-site are key for neutralization and that HKU1 uses conformational masking and glycan shielding to balance immune evasion and receptor engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jack Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Cecily Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily Wong
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Margareta Ieven
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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93
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Pérez-Massón B, Quintana-Pérez Y, Tundidor Y, Pérez-Martínez D, Castro-Martínez C, Pupo-Meriño M, Orosa I, Relova-Hernández E, Villegas R, Guirola O, Rojas G. Studying SARS-CoV-2 interactions using phage-displayed receptor binding domain as a model protein. Sci Rep 2024; 14:712. [PMID: 38184672 PMCID: PMC10771503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) mediates viral entry into human cells through its interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Most neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination target this domain. Such a functional relevance, together with large RBD sequence variability arising during viral spreading, point to the need of exploring the complex landscape of interactions between RBD-derived variants, ACE2 and antibodies. The current work was aimed at developing a simple platform to do so. Biologically active and antigenic Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD, as well as mutated RBD variants found in nature, were successfully displayed on filamentous phages. Mutational scanning confirmed the global plasticity of the receptor binding motif within RBD, highlighted residues playing a critical role in receptor binding, and identified mutations strengthening the interaction. The ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to inhibit ACE2 binding of many mutated RBD variants, albeit at different extents, was shown. Amino acid replacements which could compromise such inhibitory potential were underscored. The expansion of our approach could be the starting point for a large-scale phage-based exploration of diversity within RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses, useful to understand structure-function relationships, to engineer RBD proteins, and to anticipate changes to watch during viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pérez-Massón
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yazmina Quintana-Pérez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yaima Tundidor
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dayana Pérez-Martínez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Camila Castro-Martínez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mario Pupo-Meriño
- Universidad de Ciencias Informáticas, Carretera a San Antonio de los Baños, km 2 1/2, Torrens, Boyeros, CP 19370, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivette Orosa
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Relova-Hernández
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rosmery Villegas
- Universidad de Ciencias Informáticas, Carretera a San Antonio de los Baños, km 2 1/2, Torrens, Boyeros, CP 19370, Havana, Cuba
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 E/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, Havana, Cuba.
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94
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von Possel R, Menge B, Deschermeier C, Fritzsche C, Hemmer C, Geerdes-Fenge H, Loebermann M, Schulz A, Lattwein E, Steinhagen K, Tönnies R, Ahrendt R, Emmerich P. Performance Analysis of Serodiagnostic Tests to Characterize the Incline and Decline of the Individual Humoral Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients: Impact on Diagnostic Management. Viruses 2024; 16:91. [PMID: 38257792 PMCID: PMC10820597 DOI: 10.3390/v16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnostic tests for antibody detection to estimate the immunoprotective status regarding SARS-CoV-2 support diagnostic management. This study aimed to investigate the performance of serological assays for COVID-19 and elaborate on test-specific characteristics. Sequential samples (n = 636) of four panels (acute COVID-19, convalescent COVID-19 (partly vaccinated post-infection), pre-pandemic, and cross-reactive) were tested for IgG by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) and EUROIMMUN EUROLINE Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Profile (IgG). Neutralizing antibodies were determined by a virus neutralization test (VNT) and two surrogate neutralization tests (sVNT, GenScript cPass, and EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA). Analysis of the acute and convalescent panels revealed high positive (78.3% and 91.6%) and negative (91.6%) agreement between IIFT and Profile IgG. The sVNTs revealed differences in their positive (cPass: 89.4% and 97.0%, NeutraLISA: 71.5% and 72.1%) and negative agreement with VNT (cPass: 92.3% and 50.0%, NeutraLISA: 95.1% and 92.5%) at a diagnostic specificity of 100% for all tests. The cPass showed higher inhibition rates than NeutraLISA at VNT titers below 1:640. Cross-reactivities were only found by cPass (57.1%). Serodiagnostic tests, which showed substantial agreement and fast runtime, could provide alternatives for cell-based assays. The findings of this study suggest that careful interpretation of serodiagnostic results obtained at different times after SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure is crucial to support decision-making in diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald von Possel
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Babett Menge
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Deschermeier
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Fritzsche
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Hemmer
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hilte Geerdes-Fenge
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Micha Loebermann
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anette Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Lattwein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Petra Emmerich
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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95
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Feng Y, Yi J, Yang L, Wang Y, Wen J, Zhao W, Kim P, Zhou X. COV2Var, a function annotation database of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D701-D713. [PMID: 37897356 PMCID: PMC10767816 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in the loss of millions of lives and severe global economic consequences. Every time SARS-CoV-2 replicates, the viruses acquire new mutations in their genomes. Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes led to increased transmissibility, severe disease outcomes, evasion of the immune response, changes in clinical manifestations and reducing the efficacy of vaccines or treatments. To date, the multiple resources provide lists of detected mutations without key functional annotations. There is a lack of research examining the relationship between mutations and various factors such as disease severity, pathogenicity, patient age, patient gender, cross-species transmission, viral immune escape, immune response level, viral transmission capability, viral evolution, host adaptability, viral protein structure, viral protein function, viral protein stability and concurrent mutations. Deep understanding the relationship between mutation sites and these factors is crucial for advancing our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and for developing effective responses. To fill this gap, we built COV2Var, a function annotation database of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation, available at http://biomedbdc.wchscu.cn/COV2Var/. COV2Var aims to identify common mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants and assess their effects, providing a valuable resource for intensive functional annotations of common mutations among SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Yi
- School of Big Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Heart Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pora Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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96
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Uraki R, Imai M, Ito M, Yamayoshi S, Kiso M, Jounai N, Miyaji K, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Takeshita F, Kawaoka Y. An mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protects mice from various Omicron variants. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:4. [PMID: 38167505 PMCID: PMC10761957 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we assessed the efficacy of a lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine candidate encoding the receptor-binding domain (LNP-mRNA-RBD) in mice. Mice immunized with LNP-mRNA-RBD based on the ancestral strain (ancestral-type LNP-mRNA-RBD) showed similar cellular responses against the ancestral strain and BA.5, but their neutralizing activity against BA.5 was lower than that against the ancestral strain. The ancestral-type LNP-mRNA-RBD protected mice from the ancestral strain or BA.5 challenge; however, its ability to reduce the viral burdens after BA.5 challenge was limited. In contrast, immunization with bivalent LNP-mRNA-RBD consisting of the ancestral-type and BA.4/5-type LNP-mRNA-RBD or monovalent BA.4/5-type LNP-mRNA-RBD elicited robust cellular responses, as well as high and moderate neutralizing titers against BA.5 and XBB.1.5, respectively. Furthermore, the vaccines containing BA.4/5-type LNP-mRNA-RBD remarkably reduced the viral burdens following BA.5 or XBB.1.5 challenge. Overall, our findings suggest that LNP-mRNA-RBD is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nao Jounai
- Biologics Division, Vaccine Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyaji
- Biologics Division, Vaccine Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Takeshita
- Biologics Division, Vaccine Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
- The University of Tokyo, Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
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97
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Safitri IA, Sugijo Y, Puspasari F, Masduki FF, Ihsanawati, Giri-Rachman EA, Artarini AA, Tan MI, Natalia D. Immunogenicity studies of recombinant RBD SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 vaccine candidate produced in Escherichia coli. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100443. [PMID: 38304876 PMCID: PMC10832452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -related global COVID-19 pandemic has been impacting millions of people since its outbreak in 2020. COVID-19 vaccination has proven highly efficient in reducing illness severity and preventing infection-related fatalities. The World Health Organization has granted emergency use approval to multiple, including protein subunit technology-based, COVID-19 vaccines. Foreseeably, additional COVID-19 subunit vaccine development would be essential to meet the accessible and growing demand for effective vaccines, especially for Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), as the primary target for neutralizing antibodies, holds significant potential for future COVID-19 subunit vaccine development. In this study, we developed a recombinant Escherichia coli-expressed RBD (rRBD) as a vaccine candidate and evaluated its immunogenicity and preliminary toxicity in BALB/c mice. The rRBD induced humoral immune response from day 7 post-vaccination and, following the booster doses, the IgG levels increased dramatically in mice. Interestingly, our vaccine candidate also significantly induced cellular immune response, indicated by the incrased IFN-ɣ-producing cell numbers. We observed no adverse effect or local reactogenicity either in control or treated mice. Taken together, our discoveries could potentially support efficient and cost-effective vaccine antigen production, from which LMICs could particularly benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Aghniya Safitri
- Biology Department, School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yovin Sugijo
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fernita Puspasari
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fifi Fitriyah Masduki
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ihsanawati
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
- Biology Department, School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Aluicia Anita Artarini
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- Biology Department, School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Natalia
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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98
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Sun Y, Li Q, Luo Y, Zhu H, Xu F, Lu H, Yao P, Wang Z, Zhao W, Zhou Z. Development of an RBD-Fc fusion vaccine for COVID-19. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100444. [PMID: 38327768 PMCID: PMC10847155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has passed, there are still regional outbreaks that continue to jeopardize human health. Hence, there is still a great deal of interest in developing an efficient vaccine that can quickly and effectively prevent reemerging outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. Delta variant was once a dominant strain in the world in 2021, and we first constructed a recombinant RBDdelta-Fc fusion vaccine by coupling the RBD of Delta variant with the human Fc fragment. This Fc fusion strategy increases the immunogenicity of the recombinant RBD vaccine, with a long-lasting high level of IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies induced by RBDdelta-Fc vaccine. This RBDdelta-Fc vaccine, as well as the RBD-Fc vaccine prepared in our previously study, could trigger a durable immune effect by the heterologous boosting immunity, and the RBD-Fc induced a quicker humoral immune response than the homologous immunization with inactivated vaccines. In conclusion, the Fc fusion strategy has a significant role in enhancing the immunogenicity of recombinant protein vaccines, thus promising the development of a safe and efficient vaccine for the heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Sun
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiaomin Li
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanping Zhu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Hangjing Lu
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Pingping Yao
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
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99
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Patterson LD, Dubansky BD, Dubansky BH, Stone S, Kumar M, Rice CD. Generation and Characterization of a Multi-Functional Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 Research and Treatment. Viruses 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 38257764 PMCID: PMC10821318 DOI: 10.3390/v16010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing threat to global public health. To this end, intense efforts are underway to develop reagents to aid in diagnostics, enhance preventative measures, and provide therapeutics for managing COVID-19. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants with enhanced transmissibility, altered antigenicity, and significant escape of existing monoclonal antibodies and vaccines underlines the importance of the continued development of such agents. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD) are critical to viral attachment and host cell entry and are primary targets for antibodies elicited from both vaccination and natural infection. In this study, mice were immunized with two synthetic peptides (Pep 1 and Pep 2) within the RBD of the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2, as well as the whole RBD as a recombinant protein (rRBD). Hybridomas were generated, and a panel of three monoclonal antibodies, mAb CU-P1-1 against Pep 1, mAb CU-P2-20 against Pep 2, and mAb CU-28-24 against rRBD, was generated and further characterized. These mAbs were shown by ELISA to be specific for each immunogen/antigen. Monoclonal antibody CU-P1-1 has limited applicability other than in ELISA approaches and basic immunoblotting. Monoclonal antibody CU-P2-20 is shown to be favorable for ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), however, not live virus neutralization. In contrast, mAb CU-28-24 is most effective at live virus neutralization as well as ELISA and IHC. Moreover, mAb CU-28-24 is active against rRBD proteins from Omicron variants BA.2 and BA.4.5 as determined by ELISA, suggesting this mAb may neutralize live virus of these variants. Each of the immunoglobulin genes has been sequenced using Next Generation Sequencing, which allows the expression of respective recombinant proteins, thereby eliminating the need for long-term hybridoma maintenance. The synthetic peptides and hybridomas/mAbs and quantitative antigen-binding data are under the intellectual property management of the Clemson University Research Foundation, and the three CDRs have been submitted as an invention disclosure for further patenting and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila D. Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Benjamin D. Dubansky
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA;
| | - Brooke H. Dubansky
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Shannon Stone
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Charles D. Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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100
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Li K, Huntwork RHC, Horn GQ, Abraha M, Hastie KM, Li H, Rayaprolu V, Olmedillas E, Feeney E, Cronin K, Schendel SL, Heise M, Bedinger D, Mattocks MD, Baric RS, Alam SM, Ollmann Saphire E, Tomaras GD, Dennison SM. Cryptic-site-specific antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain can retain functional binding affinity to spike variants. J Virol 2023; 97:e0107023. [PMID: 38019013 PMCID: PMC10746274 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01070-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have emerged and caused a significant number of infections and deaths worldwide. These variants of concern contain mutations that might significantly affect antigen-targeting by antibodies. It is therefore important to further understand how antibody binding and neutralization are affected by the mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants. We highlighted how antibody epitope specificity can influence antibody binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants. We showed that weakened spike binding and neutralization of Beta (B.1.351) and Omicron (BA.1) variants compared to wildtype are not universal among the panel of antibodies and identified antibodies of a specific binding footprint exhibiting consistent enhancement of spike binding and retained neutralization to Beta variant. These data and analysis can inform how antigen-targeting by antibodies might evolve during a pandemic and prepare for potential future sarbecovirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard H. C. Huntwork
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gillian Q. Horn
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Milite Abraha
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Haoyang Li
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Feeney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon L. Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Melissa D. Mattocks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - S. Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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