51
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Carrer A, Laquatra C, Tommasin L, Carraro M. Modulation and Pharmacology of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: A Journey from F-ATP Synthase to ANT. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216463. [PMID: 34770872 PMCID: PMC8587538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability transition (PT) is an increased permeation of the inner mitochondrial membrane due to the opening of the PT pore (PTP), a Ca2+-activated high conductance channel involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and cell death. Alterations of the PTP have been associated with many pathological conditions and its targeting represents an incessant challenge in the field. Although the modulation of the PTP has been extensively explored, the lack of a clear picture of its molecular nature increases the degree of complexity for any target-based approach. Recent advances suggest the existence of at least two mitochondrial permeability pathways mediated by the F-ATP synthase and the ANT, although the exact molecular mechanism leading to channel formation remains elusive for both. A full comprehension of this to-pore conversion will help to assist in drug design and to develop pharmacological treatments for a fine-tuned PT regulation. Here, we will focus on regulatory mechanisms that impinge on the PTP and discuss the relevant literature of PTP targeting compounds with particular attention to F-ATP synthase and ANT.
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52
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Patro S, Ratna S, Yamamoto HA, Ebenezer AT, Ferguson DS, Kaur A, McIntyre BC, Snow R, Solesio ME. ATP Synthase and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11185. [PMID: 34681851 PMCID: PMC8539681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in our society, as the population ages, its incidence is expected to increase in the coming decades. The etiopathology of this disease still remains largely unclear, probably because of the highly complex and multifactorial nature of AD. However, the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction has been broadly described in AD neurons and other cellular populations within the brain, in a wide variety of models and organisms, including post-mortem humans. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play a crucial role in a wide range of cellular processes, including bioenergetics. In fact, in mammals, including humans, the main source of cellular ATP is the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that occurs in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC). The last enzyme of the ETC, and therefore the ulterior generator of ATP, is the ATP synthase. Interestingly, in mammalian cells, the ATP synthase can also degrade ATP under certain conditions (ATPase), which further illustrates the crucial role of this enzyme in the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. In this collaborative review, we aim to summarize the knowledge of the presence of dysregulated ATP synthase, and of other components of mammalian mitochondrial bioenergetics, as an early event in AD. This dysregulation can act as a trigger of the dysfunction of the organelle, which is a clear component in the etiopathology of AD. Consequently, the pharmacological modulation of the ATP synthase could be a potential strategy to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria E. Solesio
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (S.P.); (S.R.); (H.A.Y.); (A.T.E.); (D.S.F.); (A.K.); (B.C.M.); (R.S.)
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53
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Amodeo GF, Krilyuk N, Pavlov EV. Formation of High-Conductive C Subunit Channels upon Interaction with Cyclophilin D. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011022. [PMID: 34681682 PMCID: PMC8538490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The c subunit of the ATP synthase is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein. Besides its role as the main component of the rotor of the ATP synthase, c subunit from mammalian mitochondria exhibits ion channel activity. In particular, c subunit may be involved in one of the pathways leading to the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) during mitochondrial permeability transition (PT), a phenomenon consisting of the permeabilization of the IMM due to high levels of calcium. Our previous study on the synthetic c subunit showed that high concentrations of calcium induce misfolding into cross-β oligomers that form low-conductance channels in model lipid bilayers of about 400 pS. Here, we studied the effect of cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial chaperone and major regulator of PTP, on the electrophysiological activity of the c subunit to evaluate its role in the functional properties of c subunit. Our study shows that in presence of CypD, c subunit exhibits a larger conductance, up to 4 nS, that could be related to its potential role in mitochondrial toxicity. Further, our results suggest that CypD is necessary for the formation of c subunit induced PTP but may not be an integral part of the pore.
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54
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Umbrasas D, Arandarcikaite O, Grigaleviciute R, Stakauskas R, Borutaite V. Neuroprotective Effect of a Novel ATP-Synthase Inhibitor Bedaquiline in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9717. [PMID: 34575875 PMCID: PMC8472139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction during ischemic stroke ultimately manifests as ATP depletion. Mitochondrial ATP synthase upon loss of mitochondrial membrane potential during ischemia rapidly hydrolyses ATP and thus contributes to ATP depletion. Increasing evidence suggests that inhibition of ATP synthase limits ATP depletion and is protective against ischemic tissue damage. Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an anti-microbial agent, approved for clinical use, that inhibits ATP synthase of Mycobacteria; however recently it has been shown to act on mitochondrial ATP synthase, inhibiting both ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in low micromolar concentrations. In this study, we investigated whether preconditioning with BDQ can alleviate ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in Wistar rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion and whether it affects mitochondrial functions. We found that BDQ was effective in limiting necrosis and neurological dysfunction during ischemia-reperfusion. BDQ also caused inhibition of ATPase activity, mild uncoupling of respiration, and stimulated mitochondrial respiration both in healthy and ischemic mitochondria. Mitochondrial calcium retention capacity was unaffected by BDQ preconditioning. We concluded that BDQ has neuroprotective properties associated with its action on mitochondrial respiration and ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielius Umbrasas
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (O.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Odeta Arandarcikaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (O.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Ramune Grigaleviciute
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rimantas Stakauskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (O.A.); (V.B.)
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55
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Nirody JA, Budin I, Rangamani P. ATP synthase: Evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:152111. [PMID: 32966553 PMCID: PMC7594442 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ATP, life’s “universal energy currency,” is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP synthases, the family of enzymes that carry out this endless task, are nearly as ubiquitous as the energy-laden molecule they are responsible for making. The F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) is found in every domain of life and has facilitated the survival of organisms in a wide range of habitats, ranging from the deep-sea thermal vents to the human intestine. Accordingly, there has been a large amount of work dedicated toward understanding the structural and functional details of ATP synthases in a wide range of species. Less attention, however, has been paid toward integrating these advances in ATP synthase molecular biology within the context of its evolutionary history. In this review, we present an overview of several structural and functional features of the F-type ATPases that vary across taxa and are purported to be adaptive or otherwise evolutionarily significant: ion channel selectivity, rotor ring size and stoichiometry, ATPase dimeric structure and localization in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and interactions with membrane lipids. We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme’s particular lipid environment. Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of membrane proteins—including ATP synthase—requires such an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Nirody
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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56
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Angeli S, Foulger A, Chamoli M, Peiris TH, Gerencser A, Shahmirzadi AA, Andersen J, Lithgow G. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and promotes aging. eLife 2021; 10:63453. [PMID: 34467850 PMCID: PMC8410078 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity determines aging rate and the onset of chronic diseases. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a pathological pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane thought to be composed of the F-ATP synthase (complex V). OSCP, a subunit of F-ATP synthase, helps protect against mPTP formation. How the destabilization of OSCP may contribute to aging, however, is unclear. We have found that loss OSCP in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans initiates the mPTP and shortens lifespan specifically during adulthood, in part via initiation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the mPTP inhibits the UPRmt and restores normal lifespan. Loss of the putative pore-forming component of F-ATP synthase extends adult lifespan, suggesting that the mPTP normally promotes aging. Our findings reveal how an mPTP/UPRmt nexus may contribute to aging and age-related diseases and how inhibition of the UPRmt may be protective under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Angeli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Anna Foulger
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Manish Chamoli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | | | - Akos Gerencser
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Azar Asadi Shahmirzadi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Julie Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Gordon Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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57
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Carrer A, Tommasin L, Šileikytė J, Ciscato F, Filadi R, Urbani A, Forte M, Rasola A, Szabò I, Carraro M, Bernardi P. Defining the molecular mechanisms of the mitochondrial permeability transition through genetic manipulation of F-ATP synthase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4835. [PMID: 34376679 PMCID: PMC8355262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
F-ATP synthase is a leading candidate as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) but the mechanism(s) leading to channel formation remain undefined. Here, to shed light on the structural requirements for PTP formation, we test cells ablated for g, OSCP and b subunits, and ρ0 cells lacking subunits a and A6L. Δg cells (that also lack subunit e) do not show PTP channel opening in intact cells or patch-clamped mitoplasts unless atractylate is added. Δb and ΔOSCP cells display currents insensitive to cyclosporin A but inhibited by bongkrekate, suggesting that the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) can contribute to channel formation in the absence of an assembled F-ATP synthase. Mitoplasts from ρ0 mitochondria display PTP currents indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. In this work, we show that peripheral stalk subunits are essential to turn the F-ATP synthase into the PTP and that the ANT provides mitochondria with a distinct permeability pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carrer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ludovica Tommasin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Justina Šileikytė
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Francesco Ciscato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Forte
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy.
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58
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Kravenska Y, Checchetto V, Szabo I. Routes for Potassium Ions across Mitochondrial Membranes: A Biophysical Point of View with Special Focus on the ATP-Sensitive K + Channel. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1172. [PMID: 34439838 PMCID: PMC8393992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium ions can cross both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes by means of multiple routes. A few potassium-permeable ion channels exist in the outer membrane, while in the inner membrane, a multitude of different potassium-selective and potassium-permeable channels mediate K+ uptake into energized mitochondria. In contrast, potassium is exported from the matrix thanks to an H+/K+ exchanger whose molecular identity is still debated. Among the K+ channels of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the most widely studied is the ATP-dependent potassium channel, whose pharmacological activation protects cells against ischemic damage and neuronal injury. In this review, we briefly summarize and compare the different hypotheses regarding the molecular identity of this patho-physiologically relevant channel, taking into account the electrophysiological characteristics of the proposed components. In addition, we discuss the characteristics of the other channels sharing localization to both the plasma membrane and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (Y.K.); (V.C.)
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59
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Mitochondrion as a Target of Astaxanthin Therapy in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157964. [PMID: 34360729 PMCID: PMC8347622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be important organelles in the cell and play a key role in the physiological function of the heart, as well as in the pathogenesis and development of various heart diseases. Under certain pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, etc., mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is formed and opened, which can lead to dysfunction of mitochondria and subsequently to cell death. This review summarizes the results of studies carried out by our group of the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria upon direct addition of AST to isolated mitochondria and upon chronic administration of AST under conditions of mPTP opening. It was shown that AST exerted a protective effect under all conditions. In addition, AST treatment was found to prevent isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage to mitochondria and increase mitochondrial efficiency. AST, a ketocarotenoid, may be a potential mitochondrial target in therapy for pathological conditions associated with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, and may be a potential mitochondrial target in therapy for pathological conditions.
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60
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Kruglov AG, Kharechkina ES, Nikiforova AB, Odinokova IV, Kruglova SA. Dynamics of the permeability transition pore size in isolated mitochondria and mitoplasts. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21764. [PMID: 34245631 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100596r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The size of the permeability transition pore (PTP) is accepted to be ≤1.5 kDa. However, different authors reported values from 650 to 4000 Da. The present study is focused on the variability of the average PTP size in and between mitochondrial samples, its reasons and relations with PTP dynamics. Measurement of PTP size by the standard method revealed its 500 Da-range variability between mitochondrial samples. Sequential measurements in the same sample showed that the PTP size tends to grow with time and Ca2+ concentration. Selective damage to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) reduced the apparent PTP size by ~200-300 Da. Hypotonic and hypertonic osmotic shock and partial removal of the MOM with the preservation of the mitochondrial inner membrane intactness decreased the apparent PTP size by ~50%. We developed an approach to continuous monitoring of the PTP size that revealed the existence of stable PTP states with different pore sizes (~700, 900-1000, ~1350, 1700-1800, and 2100-2200 Da) and transitions between them. The transitions were accelerated by elevating the Ca2+ concentration, temperature, and osmotic pressure, which demonstrates an increased capability of PTP to accommodate to large molecules (plasticity). Cyclosporin A inhibited the transitions between states. The analysis of PTP size dynamics in osmotically shocked mitochondria and mitoplasts confirmed the importance of the MOM for the stabilization of PTP structure. Thus, this approach provides a new tool for PTP studies and the opportunity to reconcile data on the PTP size and mitochondrial megachannel conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina V Odinokova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Kruglova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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61
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Morciano G, Naumova N, Koprowski P, Valente S, Sardão VA, Potes Y, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2489-2521. [PMID: 34155777 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current knowledge of perhaps one of the most intriguing phenomena in cell biology: the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This phenomenon, which was initially observed as a sudden loss of inner mitochondrial membrane impermeability caused by excessive calcium, has been studied for almost 50 years, and still no definitive answer has been provided regarding its mechanisms. From its initial consideration as an in vitro artifact to the current notion that the mPTP is a phenomenon with physiological and pathological implications, a long road has been travelled. We here summarize the role of mitochondria in cytosolic calcium control and the evolving concepts regarding the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and the mPTP. We show how the evolving mPTP models and mechanisms, which involve many proposed mitochondrial protein components, have arisen from methodological advances and more complex biological models. We describe how scientific progress and methodological advances have allowed milestone discoveries on mPTP regulation and composition and its recognition as a valid target for drug development and a critical component of mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, Ravenna, 48033, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Sara Valente
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
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62
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Algieri C, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Fabbri M, Nesci S. The inhibition of gadolinium ion (Gd 3+) on the mitochondrial F 1F O-ATPase is linked to the modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:250-258. [PMID: 34126146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which drives regulated cell death when Ca2+ concentration suddenly increases in mitochondria, was related to changes in the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase. The effects of the gadolinium cation (Gd3+), widely used for diagnosis and therapy, and reported as PTP blocker, were evaluated on the F1FO-ATPase activated by Mg2+ or Ca2+ and on the PTP. Gd3+ more effectively inhibits the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase than the Mg2+-activated F1FO-ATPase by a mixed-type inhibition on the former and by uncompetitive mechanism on the latter. Most likely Gd3+ binding to F1, is favoured by Ca2+ insertion. The maximal inactivation rates (kinact) of pseudo-first order inactivation are similar either when the F1FO-ATPase is activated by Ca2+ or by Mg2+. The half-maximal inactivator concentrations (KI) are 2.35 ± 0.35 mM and 0.72 ± 0.11 mM, respectively. The potency of a mechanism-based inhibitor (kinact/KI) also highlights a higher inhibition efficiency of Gd3+ on the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase (0.59 ± 0.09 mM-1∙s-1) than on the Mg2+-activated F1FO-ATPase (0.13 ± 0.02 mM-1∙s-1). Consistently, the PTP is desensitized in presence of Gd3+. The Gd3+ inhibition on both the mitochondrial Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase and the PTP strengthens the link between the PTP and the F1FO-ATPase when activated by Ca2+ and provides insights on the biological effects of Gd3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Micaela Fabbri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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63
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Mitochondrial Targeting Involving Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts in the Mechanism of Action of the Antitumor Ether Lipid and Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:763. [PMID: 34065546 PMCID: PMC8161315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ether lipid edelfosine induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and is the prototypic molecule of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs. Cumulative evidence shows that edelfosine interacts with cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Edelfosine induces apoptosis in a number of hematological cancer cells by recruiting death receptors and downstream apoptotic signaling into lipid rafts, whereas it promotes apoptosis in solid tumor cells through an ER stress response. Edelfosine-induced apoptosis, mediated by lipid rafts and/or ER, requires the involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent step to eventually elicit cell death, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and the triggering of cell death. The overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL blocks edelfosine-induced apoptosis. Edelfosine induces the redistribution of lipid rafts from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria. The pro-apoptotic action of edelfosine on cancer cells is associated with the recruitment of F1FO-ATP synthase into cholesterol-rich lipid rafts. Specific inhibition of the FO sector of the F1FO-ATP synthase, which contains the membrane-embedded c-subunit ring that constitutes the mitochondrial permeability transcription pore, hinders edelfosine-induced cell death. Taking together, the evidence shown here suggests that the ether lipid edelfosine could modulate cell death in cancer cells by direct interaction with mitochondria, and the reorganization of raft-located mitochondrial proteins that critically modulate cell death or survival. Here, we summarize and discuss the involvement of mitochondria in the antitumor action of the ether lipid edelfosine, pointing out the mitochondrial targeting of this drug as a major therapeutic approach, which can be extrapolated to other alkylphospholipid analogs. We also discuss the involvement of cholesterol transport and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in the interactions between the organelles as well as in the role of mitochondria in the regulation of apoptosis in cancer cells and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Bin DH, Zhang SY, Zhan M, Li L, Li YQ, Zhou X, Lu FG, Zhou Q, He QH. Exploring the Mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction in the Treatment of Ureaplasma Urealyticum-Induced Orchitis Based on Integrated Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:602543. [PMID: 34040514 PMCID: PMC8141734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.602543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection is the most common cause of male infertility. Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZBDHD) can improve the rate of forwarding motility sperm, sperm deformity rate, seminal plasma zinc and refined berry sugar levels. Methods: The potential targets of ZBDHD are obtained from The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM). Orchitis-related targets were collected from the Genecards and OMIM databases. The Cytoscape and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were utilized to construct and analyzed the networks. Finally, a rat model of orchitis caused by UU infection was used to detect related indicators of mitochondrial energy metabolism using TUNEL apoptosis detection technology, loss cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. Results: A total of 795 ZBDHD targets and 242 orchitis-related targets were obtained. The “ZBDHD- orchitis PPI network” was constructed and analyzed. ZBDHD can regulate signaling pathways and biological processes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results of experimental studies have shown that ZBDHD maintains the integrity of sperm mitochondrial respiratory chain function by enhancing mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, promotes the synthesis of mitochondrial ATP, and improves sperm energy supply, thereby improving the motility, vitality and survival rate of sperm, and effectively improving the quality of semen in UU-infected rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion:This study discovered the multi-pathway mechanism of ZBDHD intervention in UU-induced orchitis through integrated pharmacological strategies, which provides a reference for further research on the mechanism of ZBDHD intervention in orchitis in the direction of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hua Bin
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhang
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Li
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Guo Lu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Hu He
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Galber C, Minervini G, Cannino G, Boldrin F, Petronilli V, Tosatto S, Lippe G, Giorgio V. The f subunit of human ATP synthase is essential for normal mitochondrial morphology and permeability transition. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109111. [PMID: 33979610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The f subunit is localized at the base of the ATP synthase peripheral stalk. Its function in the human enzyme is poorly characterized. Because full disruption of its ATP5J2 gene with the CRISPR-Cas9 strategy in the HAP1 human model has been shown to cause alterations in the amounts of other ATP synthase subunits, here we investigated the role of the f subunit in HeLa cells by regulating its levels through RNA interference. We confirm the role of the f subunit in ATP synthase dimer stability and observe that its downregulation per se does not alter the amounts of the other enzyme subunits or ATP synthase synthetic/hydrolytic activity. We show that downregulation of the f subunit causes abnormal crista organization and decreases permeability transition pore (PTP) size, whereas its re-expression in f subunit knockdown cells rescues mitochondrial morphology and PTP-dependent swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Petronilli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Silvio Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35121, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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66
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C subunit of the ATP synthase is an amyloidogenic calcium dependent channel-forming peptide with possible implications in mitochondrial permeability transition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8744. [PMID: 33888826 PMCID: PMC8062469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The c subunit is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein encoded by three nuclear genes. Best known as an integral part of the F0 complex of the ATP synthase, the c subunit is also present in other cytoplasmic compartments in ceroid lipofuscinoses. Under physiological conditions, this 75 residue-long peptide folds into an α-helical hairpin and forms oligomers spanning the lipid bilayer. In addition to its physiological role, the c subunit has been proposed as a key participant in stress-induced IMM permeabilization by the mechanism of calcium-induced permeability transition. However, the molecular mechanism of the c subunit participation in IMM permeabilization is not completely understood. Here we used fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and black lipid membrane methods to gain insights into the structural and functional properties of unmodified c subunit protein that might make it relevant to mitochondrial toxicity. We discovered that c subunit is an amyloidogenic peptide that can spontaneously fold into β-sheets and self-assemble into fibrils and oligomers in a Ca2+-dependent manner. C subunit oligomers exhibited ion channel activity in lipid membranes. We propose that the toxic effects of c subunit might be linked to its amyloidogenic properties and are driven by mechanisms similar to those of neurodegenerative polypeptides such as Aβ and α-synuclein.
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A Walk in the Memory, from the First Functional Approach up to Its Regulatory Role of Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Flow in Health and Disease: Focus on the Adenine Nucleotide Translocator. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084164. [PMID: 33920595 PMCID: PMC8073645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) plays the fundamental role of gatekeeper of cellular energy flow, carrying out the reversible exchange of ADP for ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ADP enters the mitochondria where, through the oxidative phosphorylation process, it is the substrate of Fo-F1 ATP synthase, producing ATP that is dispatched from the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm of the host cell, where it can be used as energy currency for the metabolic needs of the cell that require energy. Long ago, we performed a method that allowed us to monitor the activity of ANT by continuously detecting the ATP gradually produced inside the mitochondria and exported in the extramitochondrial phase in exchange with externally added ADP, under conditions quite close to a physiological state, i.e., when oxidative phosphorylation takes place. More than 30 years after the development of the method, here we aim to put the spotlight on it and to emphasize its versatile applicability in the most varied pathophysiological conditions, reviewing all the studies, in which we were able to observe what really happened in the cell thanks to the use of the "ATP detecting system" allowing the functional activity of the ANT-mediated ADP/ATP exchange to be measured.
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Morciano G, Pedriali G, Bonora M, Pavasini R, Mikus E, Calvi S, Bovolenta M, Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska M, Pinotti M, Albertini A, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Ferrari R, Galluzzi L, Campo G, Pinton P. A naturally occurring mutation in ATP synthase subunit c is associated with increased damage following hypoxia/reoxygenation in STEMI patients. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108983. [PMID: 33852870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models of ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI) demonstrate the deleterious effects of permeability transition pore complex (PTPC) opening in the first minutes upon revascularization of the occluded vessel. The ATP synthase c subunit (Csub) influences PTPC activity in cells, thus impacting tissue injury. A conserved glycine-rich domain in Csub is classified as critical because, when mutated, it modifies ATP synthase properties, protein interaction with the mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter complex, and the conductance of the PTPC. Here, we document the role of a naturally occurring mutation in the Csub-encoding ATP5G1 gene at the G87 position found in two ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and how PTPC opening is related to RI in patients affected by the same disease. We report a link between the expression of ATP5G1G87E and the response to hypoxia/reoxygenation of human cardiomyocytes, which worsen when compared to those expressing the wild-type protein, and a positive correlation between PTPC and RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mikus
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Simone Calvi
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Matteo Bovolenta
- Genethon, INSERM UMR951, 1 bis, rue de l'Internationale BP60, 91002 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Magdalena Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Albertini
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy; Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy; Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Algieri C, Tioli G, Lenaz G. Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of the Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Implications for Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:242. [PMID: 33804034 PMCID: PMC7999509 DOI: 10.3390/life11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) converts the energy released by nutrient oxidation into ATP, the currency of living organisms. The whole biochemical machinery is hosted by the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtIM) where the protonmotive force built by respiratory complexes, dynamically assembled as super-complexes, allows the F1FO-ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Recently mitochondria emerged not only as cell powerhouses, but also as signaling hubs by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, when ROS removal systems and/or OXPHOS constituents are defective, the physiological ROS generation can cause ROS imbalance and oxidative stress, which in turn damages cell components. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria rules cell fate and the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mtIM, which, most likely with the F1FO-ATP synthase contribution, permeabilizes mitochondria and leads to cell death. As the multiple mitochondrial functions are mutually interconnected, changes in protein composition by mutations or in supercomplex assembly and/or in membrane structures often generate a dysfunctional cascade and lead to life-incompatible diseases or severe syndromes. The known structural/functional changes in mitochondrial proteins and structures, which impact mitochondrial bioenergetics because of an impaired or defective energy transduction system, here reviewed, constitute the main biochemical damage in a variety of genetic and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Gaia Tioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Permeability Transition in Neonatal Brain and Lung Injuries. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030569. [PMID: 33807810 PMCID: PMC7999701 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential mechanistic role of abnormally elevated mitochondrial proton leak and mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain and lung injuries associated with premature birth. Providing supporting evidence, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to postnatal alveolar developmental arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral myelination failure in diffuse white matter injury (WMI). This review also analyzes data on mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(s) (mPTP) during the evolution of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. While the still cryptic molecular identity of mPTP continues to be a subject for extensive basic science research efforts, the translational significance of mitochondrial proton leak received less scientific attention, especially in diseases of the developing organs. This review is focused on the potential mechanistic relevance of mPTP and mitochondrial dysfunction to neonatal diseases driven by developmental failure of organ maturation or by acute ischemia-reperfusion insult during development.
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71
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Neginskaya MA, Pavlov EV, Sheu SS. Electrophysiological properties of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores: Channel diversity and disease implication. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148357. [PMID: 33359307 PMCID: PMC7954400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a channel that, when open, is responsible for a dramatic increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, a process known as the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). mPTP activation during Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress disrupts normal mitochondrial function and induces cell death. mPTP opening has been implicated as a critical event in many diseases, including hypoxic injuries, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Discoveries of recent years indicate that mPTP demonstrates very complicated behavior and regulation, and depending on specific induction or stress conditions, it can function as a high-conductance pore, a small channel, or a non-specific membrane leak. The focus of this review is to summarize the literature on the electrophysiological properties of the mPTP and to evaluate the evidence that it has multiple molecular identities. This review also provides perspective on how an electrophysiological approach can be used to quantitatively investigate the biophysical properties of the mPTP under physiological, pharmacological, pathophysiological, and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S-S Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Koushi M, Asakai R. Bisindolylpyrrole Induces a Cpr3- and Porin1/2-Dependent Transition in Yeast Mitochondrial Permeability in a Low Conductance State via the AACs-Associated Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031212. [PMID: 33530556 PMCID: PMC7865566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is presumably formed by either ATP synthase or the ATP/ADP carrier (AAC), little is known about their differential roles in PTP activation. We explored the role of AAC and ATP synthase in PTP formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using bisindolylpyrrole (BP), an activator of the mammalian PTP. The yeast mitochondrial membrane potential, as indicated by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester signals, dissipated over 2–4 h after treatment of cells with 5 μM BP, which was sensitive to cyclosporin A (CsA) and Cpr3 deficiency and blocked by porin1/2 deficiency. The BP-induced depolarization was inhibited by a specific AAC inhibitor, bongkrekate, and consistently blocked in a yeast strain lacking all three AACs, while it was not affected in the strain with defective ATP synthase dimerization, suggesting the involvement of an AAC-associated pore. Upon BP treatment, isolated yeast mitochondria underwent CsA- and bongkrekate-sensitive depolarization without affecting the mitochondrial calcein signals, indicating the induction of a low conductance channel. These data suggest that, upon BP treatment, yeast can form a porin1/2- and Cpr3-regulated PTP, which is mediated by AACs but not by ATP synthase dimers. This implies that yeast may be an excellent tool for the screening of PTP modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rei Asakai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-475-53-4588; Fax: +81-475-53-4556
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Readnower RD, Hubbard WB, Kalimon OJ, Geddes JW, Sullivan PG. Genetic Approach to Elucidate the Role of Cyclophilin D in Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology. Cells 2021; 10:199. [PMID: 33498273 PMCID: PMC7909250 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) has been shown to play a critical role in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and the subsequent cell death cascade. Studies consistently demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial calcium overload and mPTP opening, is essential to the pathobiology of cell death after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). CypD inhibitors, such as cyclosporin A (CsA) or NIM811, administered following TBI, are neuroprotective and quell neurological deficits. However, some pharmacological inhibitors of CypD have multiple biological targets and, as such, do not directly implicate a role for CypD in arbitrating cell death after TBI. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of the role CypD plays in TBI pathobiology. Further, we directly assessed the role of CypD in mediating cell death following TBI by utilizing mice lacking the CypD encoding gene Ppif. Following controlled cortical impact (CCI), the genetic knockout of CypD protected acute mitochondrial bioenergetics at 6 h post-injury and reduced subacute cortical tissue and hippocampal cell loss at 18 d post-injury. The administration of CsA following experimental TBI in Ppif-/- mice improved cortical tissue sparing, highlighting the multiple cellular targets of CsA in the mitigation of TBI pathology. The loss of CypD appeared to desensitize the mitochondrial response to calcium burden induced by TBI; this maintenance of mitochondrial function underlies the observed neuroprotective effect of the CypD knockout. These studies highlight the importance of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis after injury and validate CypD as a therapeutic target for TBI. Further, these results solidify the beneficial effects of CsA treatment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Readnower
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - William Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Olivia J. Kalimon
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - James W. Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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Mironova GD, Pavlov EV. Mitochondrial Cyclosporine A-Independent Palmitate/Ca 2+-Induced Permeability Transition Pore (PA-mPT Pore) and Its Role in Mitochondrial Function and Protection against Calcium Overload and Glutamate Toxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010125. [PMID: 33440765 PMCID: PMC7827677 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A sharp increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane known as mitochondrial permeability transition (or mPT) occurs in mitochondria under the conditions of Ca2+ and ROS stress. Permeability transition can proceed through several mechanisms. The most common mechanism of mPT is based on the opening of a cyclosporine A (CSA)-sensitive protein channel in the inner membrane. In addition to the CSA-sensitive pathway, mPT can occur through the transient opening of lipid pores, emerging in the process of formation of palmitate/Ca2+ complexes. This pathway is independent of CSA and likely plays a protective role against Ca2+ and ROS toxicity. The review considers molecular mechanisms of formation and regulation of the palmitate/Ca2+-induced pores, which we designate as PA-mPT to distinguish it from the classical CSA-sensitive mPT. In the paper, we discuss conditions of its opening in the biological membranes, as well as its role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes. Additionally, we summarize data that indicate the involvement of PA-mPT in the protection of mitochondria against calcium overload and glutamate-induced degradation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina D. Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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75
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Mortalin depletion induces MEK/ERK-dependent and ANT/CypD-mediated death in vemurafenib-resistant B-Raf V600E melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:25-33. [PMID: 33440231 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance to a selective B-Raf inhibitor (BRAFi) poses a challenge in treating patients with BRAF-mutant melanomas. Here, we report that RNA interference of mortalin (HSPA9/GRP75), a mitochondrial molecular chaperone often upregulated and mislocalized in melanoma, can effectively induce death of vemurafenib-resistant progenies of human B-RafV600E melanoma cell lines, A375 and Colo-829. Mortalin depletion induced death of vemurafenib-resistant cells at similar efficacy as observed in vemurafenib-naïve parental cells. This lethality was correlated with perturbed mitochondrial permeability and was attenuated by knockdown of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin D (CypD), the key regulators of mitochondrial permeability. Chemical inhibition of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 also suppressed mortalin depletion-induced death and mitochondrial permeability in these cells. These data suggest that mortalin and MEK/ERK regulate an ANT/CypD-associated mitochondrial death mechanism(s) in B-RafV600E melanoma cells and that this regulation is conserved even after these cells develop BRAFi resistance. We also show that doxycycline-induced mortalin depletion can effectively suppress the xenografts of vemurafenib-resistant A375 progeny in athymic nude mice. These findings suggest that mortalin has potential as a candidate therapeutic target for BRAFi-resistant BRAF-mutant tumors.
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76
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and disease. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102344. [PMID: 33556741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex and robust antioxidant system. mROS may act as second messengers and regulate a number of physiological processes, such as insulin signaling, cell differentiation and proliferation, wound healing, etc. Nevertheless, when a sudden or sustained increase in ROS formation is not efficiently neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system, the detrimental impact of high mROS levels on cell function and viability eventually results in disease development. In this review, we will focus on the dual role of mROS in pathophysiology, emphasizing the physiological role exerted by a regulated mROS production/elimination, and discussing the detrimental effects evoked by an imbalance in mitochondrial redox state. Furthermore, we will touch upon the interplay between mROS and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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77
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Cui Y, Pan M, Ma J, Song X, Cao W, Zhang P. Recent progress in the use of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in mitochondrial dysfunction-related disease therapies. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:493-506. [PMID: 33000352 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various cellular functions, including ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell senescence, and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified in a variety of disorders correlated with human health. Among the many underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, the opening up of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is one that has drawn increasing interest in recent years. It plays an important role in apoptosis and necrosis; however, the molecular structure and function of the mPTP have still not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the abnormal opening up of the mPTP has been implicated in the development and pathogenesis of diverse diseases including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review provides a systematic introduction to the possible molecular makeup of the mPTP and summarizes the mitochondrial dysfunction-correlated diseases and highlights possible underlying mechanisms. Since the mPTP is an important target in mitochondrial dysfunction, this review also summarizes potential treatments, which may be used to inhibit pore opening up via the molecules composing mPTP complexes, thus suppressing the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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78
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Brustovetsky N. The Role of Adenine Nucleotide Translocase in the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Cells 2020; 9:E2686. [PMID: 33333766 PMCID: PMC7765165 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition, a Ca2+-induced significant increase in permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane, plays an important role in various pathologies. The mitochondrial permeability transition is caused by induction of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Despite significant effort, the molecular composition of the PTP is not completely clear and remains an area of hot debate. The Ca2+-modified adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and F0F1 ATP synthase are the major contenders for the role of pore in the PTP. This paper briefly overviews experimental results focusing on the role of ANT in the mitochondrial permeability transition and proposes that multiple molecular entities might be responsible for the conductance pathway of the PTP. Consequently, the term PTP cannot be applied to a single specific protein such as ANT or a protein complex such as F0F1 ATP synthase, but rather should comprise a variety of potential contributors to increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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79
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Amodeo GF, Pavlov EV. Amyloid β, α-synuclein and the c subunit of the ATP synthase: Can these peptides reveal an amyloidogenic pathway of the permeability transition pore? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183531. [PMID: 33309700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (PT) is a phenomenon of increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in response to high levels of Ca2+ and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the matrix. PT occurs upon the opening of a pore, namely the permeability transition pore (PTP), which dissipates the membrane potential uncoupling the respiratory chain. mPT activation and PTP formation can occur through multiple molecular pathways. The specific focus of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of PTP that involve the participation of mitochondrially targeted amyloid peptides Aβ, α-synuclein and c subunit of the ATP synthase (ATPase). As activators of PTP, amyloid peptides are uniquely different from other activators because they are capable of forming channels in lipid bilayers. This property rises the possibility that in this permeabilization pathway the formation of the channel involves the direct participation of peptides, making it uniquely different from other PTP induction mechanisms. In this pathway, a critical step of PTP activation involves the import of amyloidogenic peptides from the cytosol into the matrix. In the matrix these peptides, which would fold into α-helical structure in native conditions, interact with cyclophilin D (CypD) and upon stimulation by elevated ROS and/or the Ca2+ spontaneously misfold into β-sheet ion conducting pores, causing PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe F Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, United States of America.
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, United States of America.
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80
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Dubinin MV, Talanov EY, Tenkov KS, Starinets VS, Belosludtseva NV, Belosludtsev KN. The Effect of Deflazacort Treatment on the Functioning of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8763. [PMID: 33228255 PMCID: PMC7699511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe hereditary disease caused by a lack of dystrophin, a protein essential for myocyte integrity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is reportedly responsible for DMD. This study examines the effect of glucocorticoid deflazacort on the functioning of the skeletal-muscle mitochondria of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice and WT animals. Deflazacort administration was found to improve mitochondrial respiration of mdx mice due to an increase in the level of ETC complexes (complexes III and IV and ATP synthase), which may contribute to the normalization of ATP levels in the skeletal muscle of mdx animals. Deflazacort treatment improved the rate of Ca2+ uniport in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of mdx mice, presumably by affecting the subunit composition of the calcium uniporter of organelles. At the same time, deflazacort was found to reduce the resistance of skeletal mitochondria to MPT pore opening, which may be associated with a change in the level of ANT2 and CypD. In this case, deflazacort also affected the mitochondria of WT mice. The paper discusses the mechanisms underlying the effect of deflazacort on the functioning of mitochondria and contributing to the improvement of the muscular function of mdx mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 2/genetics
- Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 2/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F/genetics
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F/metabolism
- Electron Transport Complex III/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex III/metabolism
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/genetics
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Pregnenediones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (K.S.T.); (V.S.S.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Eugeny Yu. Talanov
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Kirill S. Tenkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (K.S.T.); (V.S.S.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Vlada S. Starinets
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (K.S.T.); (V.S.S.); (K.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.Y.T.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia; (K.S.T.); (V.S.S.); (K.N.B.)
- Biophotonics Center, Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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81
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Galber C, Acosta MJ, Minervini G, Giorgio V. The role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cancer. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1199-1214. [PMID: 32769215 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is essential for oxidative phosphorylation under physiological conditions. In this review, we analyse the enzyme functions involved in cancer progression by dissecting specific conditions in which ATP synthase contributes to cancer development or metastasis. Moreover, we propose the role of ATP synthase in the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) as an additional mechanism which controls tumour cell death. We further describe transcriptional and translational modifications of the enzyme subunits and of the inhibitor protein IF1 that may promote adaptations leading to cancer metabolism. Finally, we outline ATP synthase gene mutations and epigenetic modifications associated with cancer development or drug resistance, with the aim of highlighting this enzyme complex as a potential novel target for future anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
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82
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Krestinin R, Baburina Y, Odinokova I, Kruglov A, Fadeeva I, Zvyagina A, Sotnikova L, Krestinina O. Isoproterenol-Induced Permeability Transition Pore-Related Dysfunction of Heart Mitochondria Is Attenuated by Astaxanthin. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100437. [PMID: 33092172 PMCID: PMC7589423 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles of the cell because their main function is the capture of energy-rich substrates from the cytoplasm and oxidative cleavage with the generation of carbon dioxide and water, processes that are coupled with the synthesis of ATP. Mitochondria are subject to oxidative stress through the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Various antioxidants are used to reduce damage caused by oxidative stress and to improve the protection of the antioxidant system. Astaxanthin (AST) is considered to be a dietary antioxidant, which is able to reduce oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant defense system. In the present investigation, the effect of AST on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria impaired by isoproterenol (ISO) under mPTP functioning was examined. It was found that AST raised mitochondrial respiration, the Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC), and the rate of TPP+ influx in rat heart mitochondria (RHM) isolated from ISO-injected rats. However, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased. In addition, the concentrations of cardiolipin (CL), Mn-SOD2, and the proteins regulating mPTP rose after the injection of ISO in RHM pretreated with AST. Based on the data obtained, we suggest that AST has a protective effect in rat heart mitochondria.
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83
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Koushi M, Aoyama Y, Kamei Y, Asakai R. Bisindolylpyrrole triggers transient mitochondrial permeability transitions to cause apoptosis in a VDAC1/2 and cyclophilin D-dependent manner via the ANT-associated pore. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16751. [PMID: 33046783 PMCID: PMC7552391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisindolylpyrrole at 0.1 μM is cytoprotective in 2% FBS that is counteracted by cyclosporin-A (CsA), an inhibitor of cyclophilin-D (CypD). We hypothesized that the cytoprotective effect might be due to transient mitochondrial permeability transition (tPT). This study tested the hypothesis that bisindolylpyrrole can trigger tPT extensively, thereby leading to cell death under certain conditions. Indeed, CsA-sensitive tPT-mediated apoptosis could be induced by bisindolylpyrrole at > 5 μM in HeLa cells cultured in 0.1% FBS, depending on CypD and VDAC1/2, as shown by siRNA knockdown experiments. Rat liver mitochondria also underwent swelling in response to bisindolylpyrrole, which proceeded at a slower rate than Ca2+-induced swelling, and which was blocked by the VDAC inhibitor tubulin and the ANT inhibitor bongkrekate, indicating the involvement of the ANT-associated, smaller pore. We examined why 0.1% FBS is a prerequisite for apoptosis and found that apoptosis is blocked by PKC activation, which is counteracted by the overexpressed defective PKCε. In mitochondrial suspensions, bisindolylpyrrole triggered CsA-sensitive swelling, which was suppressed selectively by pretreatment with PKCε, but not in the co-presence of tubulin. These data suggest that upon PKC inactivation the cytoprotective compound bisindolylpyrrole can induce prolonged tPT causing apoptosis in a CypD-dependent manner through the VDAC1/2-regulated ANT-associated pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Koushi
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Aoyama
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kamei
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Rei Asakai
- Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan.
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84
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Neginskaya MA, Strubbe JO, Amodeo GF, West BA, Yakar S, Bazil JN, Pavlov EV. The very low number of calcium-induced permeability transition pores in the single mitochondrion. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:e202012631. [PMID: 32810269 PMCID: PMC7537349 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a phenomenon of stress-induced increase in nonspecific permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane that leads to disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. Quantitative measurement of the membrane permeability increase during PT is critically important for understanding the PT's impact on mitochondrial function. The elementary unit of PT is a PT pore (PTP), a single channel presumably formed by either ATP synthase or adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). It is not known how many channels are open in a single mitochondrion during PT, which makes it difficult to quantitatively estimate the overall degree of membrane permeability. Here, we used wide-field microscopy to record mitochondrial swelling and quantitatively measure rates of single-mitochondrion volume increase during PT-induced high-amplitude swelling. PT was quantified by calculating the rates of water flux responsible for measured volume changes. The total water flux through the mitochondrial membrane of a single mitochondrion during PT was in the range of (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 2 mM Ca2+ and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 200 µM Ca2+. Under these experimental conditions, a single PTP channel with ionic conductance of 1.5 nS could allow passage of water at the rate of 0.65 × 10-17 kg/s. Thus, we estimate the integral ionic conductance of the whole mitochondrion during PT to be 5.9 ± 0.9 nS for 2 mM concentration of Ca2+ and 2.6 ± 0.4 nS for 200 µM of Ca2+. The number of PTPs per mitochondrion ranged from one to nine. Due to the uncertainties in PTP structure and model parameters, PTP count results may be slightly underestimated. However, taking into account that each mitochondrion has ∼15,000 copies of ATP synthases and ANTs, our data imply that PTP activation is a rare event that occurs only in a small subpopulation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jasiel O. Strubbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Giuseppe F. Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin A. West
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
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85
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The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: Is it formed by the ATP synthase, adenine nucleotide translocators or both? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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86
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Niatsetskaya Z, Sosunov S, Stepanova A, Goldman J, Galkin A, Neginskaya M, Pavlov E, Ten V. Cyclophilin D-dependent oligodendrocyte mitochondrial ion leak contributes to neonatal white matter injury. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5536-5550. [PMID: 32925170 PMCID: PMC7524474 DOI: 10.1172/jci133082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal failure of oligodendrocyte maturation has been proposed as a cellular mechanism of diffuse white matter injury (WMI) in premature infants. However, the molecular mechanisms for oligodendrocyte maturational failure remain unclear. In neonatal mice and cultured differentiating oligodendrocytes, sublethal intermittent hypoxic (IH) stress activated cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial proton leak and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, leading to transient bioenergetic stress. This was associated with development of diffuse WMI: poor oligodendrocyte maturation, diffuse axonal hypomyelination, and permanent sensorimotor deficit. In normoxic mice and oligodendrocytes, exposure to a mitochondrial uncoupler recapitulated the phenotype of WMI, supporting the detrimental role of mitochondrial uncoupling in the pathogenesis of WMI. Compared with WT mice, cyclophilin D-knockout littermates did not develop bioenergetic stress in response to IH challenge and fully preserved oligodendrocyte maturation, axonal myelination, and neurofunction. Our study identified the cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial proton leak and uncoupling as a potentially novel subcellular mechanism for the maturational failure of oligodendrocytes and offers a potential therapeutic target for prevention of diffuse WMI in premature infants experiencing chronic IH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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87
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Algieri V, Algieri C, Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Pagliarani A, Tallarida MA, Trombetti F, Nesci S. 1,5-Disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles as inhibitors of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ -activated F 1 F O -ATP(hydrol)ase and the permeability transition pore. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1485:43-55. [PMID: 32959908 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a high-conductance channel triggered by a sudden Ca2+ concentration increase, is composed of the F1 FO -ATPase. Since mPTP opening leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a feature of many diseases, a great pharmacological challenge is to find mPTP modulators. In our study, the effects of two 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, five-membered heterocycles with three nitrogen atoms in the ring and capable of forming secondary interactions with proteins, were investigated. Compounds 3a and 3b were selected among a wide range of structurally related compounds because of their chemical properties and effectiveness in preliminary studies. In swine heart mitochondria, both compounds inhibit Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase without affecting F-ATPase activity sustained by the natural cofactor Mg2+ . The inhibition is mutually exclusive, probably because of their shared enzyme site, and uncompetitive with respect to the ATP substrate, since they only bind to the enzyme-ATP complex. Both compounds show the same inhibition constant (K'i ), but compound 3a has a doubled inactivation rate constant compared with compound 3b. Moreover, both compounds desensitize mPTP opening without altering mitochondrial respiration. The results strengthen the link between Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase and mPTP and suggest that these inhibitors can be pharmacologically exploited to counteract mPTP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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88
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Cryo-EM structure of the entire mammalian F-type ATP synthase. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:1077-1085. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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89
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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90
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Natural products and other inhibitors of F 1F O ATP synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112779. [PMID: 32942072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
F1FO ATP synthase is responsible for the production of >95% of all ATP synthesis within the cell. Dysregulation of its expression, activity or localization is linked to various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In addition, ATP synthase is a novel and viable drug target for the development of antimicrobials as evidenced by bedaquiline, which was approved in 2012 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Historically, natural products have been a rich source of ATP synthase inhibitors that help unravel the role of F1FO ATP synthase in cellular bioenergetics. During the last decade, new modulators of ATP synthase have been discovered through the isolation of novel natural products as well as through a ligand-based drug design process. In addition, new data has been obtained with regards to the structure and function of ATP synthase under physiological and pathological conditions. Crystal structure studies have provided a significant insight into the rotary function of the enzyme and may provide additional opportunities to design a new generation of inhibitors. This review provides an update on recently discovered ATP synthase modulators as well as an update on existing scaffolds.
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91
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Carraro M, Jones K, Sartori G, Schiavone M, Antonucci S, Kucharczyk R, di Rago JP, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Forte M, Bernardi P. The Unique Cysteine of F-ATP Synthase OSCP Subunit Participates in Modulation of the Permeability Transition Pore. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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92
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Nath S. A Novel Conceptual Model for the Dual Role of FOF1-ATP Synthase in Cell Life and Cell Death. Biomol Concepts 2020; 11:143-152. [PMID: 32827389 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2020-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) has been one of the longstanding enigmas in biology. Its cause is currently at the center of an extensive scientific debate, and several hypotheses on its molecular nature have been put forward. The present view holds that the transition arises from the opening of a high-conductance channel in the energy-transducing membrane, the permeability transition pore (PTP), also called the mitochondrial megachannel or the multiconductance channel (MMC). Here, the novel hypothesis is proposed that the aqueous access channels at the interface of the c-ring and the a-subunit of FO in the FOF1-ATP synthase are repurposed during induction of apoptosis and constitute the elusive PTP/ MMC. A unifying principle based on regulation by local potentials is advanced to rationalize the action of the myriad structurally and chemically diverse inducers and inhibitors of PTP/MMC. Experimental evidence in favor of the hypothesis and its differences from current models of PTP/MMC are summarized. The hypothesis explains in considerable detail how the binding of Ca2+ to a β-catalytic site (site 3) in the F1 portion of ATP synthase triggers the opening of the PTP/MMC. It is also shown to connect to longstanding proposals within Nath's torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis as to how the binding of MgADP to site 3 does not induce PTP/MMC, but instead catalyzes physiological ATP synthesis in cell life. In the author's knowledge, this is the first model that explains how Ca2+ transforms the FOF1-ATP synthase from an exquisite energy-conserving enzyme in cell life into an energy-dissipating structure that promotes cell death. This has major implications for basic as well as for clinical research, such as for the development of drugs that target the MPT, given the established role of PTP/MMC dysregulation in cancer, ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nath
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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93
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Licznerski P, Park HA, Rolyan H, Chen R, Mnatsakanyan N, Miranda P, Graham M, Wu J, Cruz-Reyes N, Mehta N, Sohail S, Salcedo J, Song E, Effman C, Effman S, Brandao L, Xu GN, Braker A, Gribkoff VK, Levy RJ, Jonas EA. ATP Synthase c-Subunit Leak Causes Aberrant Cellular Metabolism in Fragile X Syndrome. Cell 2020; 182:1170-1185.e9. [PMID: 32795412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the gene (Fmr1) encoding Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes increased mRNA translation and aberrant synaptic development. We find neurons of the Fmr1-/y mouse have a mitochondrial inner membrane leak contributing to a "leak metabolism." In human Fragile X syndrome (FXS) fibroblasts and in Fmr1-/y mouse neurons, closure of the ATP synthase leak channel by mild depletion of its c-subunit or pharmacological inhibition normalizes stimulus-induced and constitutive mRNA translation rate, decreases lactate and key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme levels, and triggers synapse maturation. FMRP regulates leak closure in wild-type (WT), but not FX synapses, by stimulus-dependent ATP synthase β subunit translation; this increases the ratio of ATP synthase enzyme to its c-subunit, enhancing ATP production efficiency and synaptic growth. In contrast, in FXS, inability to close developmental c-subunit leak prevents stimulus-dependent synaptic maturation. Therefore, ATP synthase c-subunit leak closure encourages development and attenuates autistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Han-A Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Harshvardhan Rolyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rongmin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Paige Miranda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Nikita Mehta
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Sana Sohail
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jorge Salcedo
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Erin Song
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Samuel Effman
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Lucas Brandao
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Gulan N Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amber Braker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Richard J Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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94
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Cellular Mechanisms of Circulating Tumor Cells During Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145040. [PMID: 32708855 PMCID: PMC7404335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the primary site and travel in the blood stream. A higher number of CTCs increases the risk of breast cancer metastasis, and it is inversely associated with the survival rates of patients with breast cancer. Although the numbers of CTCs are generally low and the majority of CTCs die in circulation, the survival of a few CTCs can seed the development of a tumor at a secondary location. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that CTCs undergo modification in response to the dynamic biophysical environment in the blood due in part to fluid shear stress. Fluid shear stress generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggers redox-sensitive cell signaling, and alters the function of intracellular organelles. In particular, the mitochondrion is an important target organelle in determining the metastatic phenotype of CTCs. In healthy cells, mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain, and during oxidative phosphorylation, they produce physiological levels of ROS. Mitochondria also govern death mechanisms such as apoptosis and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening to, in order eliminate unwanted or damaged cells. However, in cancer cells, mitochondria are dysregulated, causing aberrant energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cell death pathways that may favor cancer invasiveness. In this review, we discuss the influence of fluid shear stress on CTCs with an emphasis on breast cancer pathology, then discuss alterations of cellular mechanisms that may increase the metastatic potentials of CTCs.
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95
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Mitochondrial F-ATP synthase as the permeability transition pore. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105081. [PMID: 32679179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current state of research on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) can be described in terms of three major problems: molecular identity, atomic structure and gating mechanism. In this review these three problems are discussed in the light of recent findings with special emphasis on the discovery that the PTP is mitochondrial F-ATP synthase (mtFoF1). Novel features of the mitochondrial F-ATP synthase emerging from the success of single particle cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine F-ATP synthase structures are surveyed along with their possible involvement in pore formation. Also, current findings from the gap junction field concerning the involvement of lipids in channel closure are examined. Finally, an earlier proposal denoted as the 'Death Finger' is discussed as a working model for PTP gating.
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96
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Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. The new role of F 1F o ATP synthase in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113400. [PMID: 32653453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase is one of the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane, which catalyzes the final step of oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient of protons (ΔμH+) across the mitochondrial inner membrane to synthesize ATP. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, ATP synthase can run in reverse to hydrolyze ATP and build the necessary ΔμH+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tight coupling between these two processes, proton translocation and ATP synthesis, is achieved by the unique rotational mechanism of ATP synthase and is necessary for efficient cellular metabolism and cell survival. The uncoupling of these processes, dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, elevated levels of ROS, low matrix content of ATP in combination with other cellular malfunction trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In this review we will discuss the new role of ATP synthase beyond oxidative phosphorylation. We will highlight its function as a unique regulator of cell life and death and as a key target in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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97
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Bonora M, Patergnani S, Ramaccini D, Morciano G, Pedriali G, Kahsay AE, Bouhamida E, Giorgi C, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Physiopathology of the Permeability Transition Pore: Molecular Mechanisms in Human Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070998. [PMID: 32635556 PMCID: PMC7408088 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is the sudden loss in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) to low-molecular-weight solutes. Due to osmotic forces, MPT is paralleled by a massive influx of water into the mitochondrial matrix, eventually leading to the structural collapse of the organelle. Thus, MPT can initiate outer-mitochondrial-membrane permeabilization (MOMP), promoting the activation of the apoptotic caspase cascade and caspase-independent cell-death mechanisms. The induction of MPT is mostly dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, but is also dependent on the metabolic stage of the affected cell and signaling events. Therefore, since its discovery in the late 1970s, the role of MPT in human pathology has been heavily investigated. Here, we summarize the most significant findings corroborating a role for MPT in the etiology of a spectrum of human diseases, including diseases characterized by acute or chronic loss of adult cells and those characterized by neoplastic initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Asrat Endrias Kahsay
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (A.E.K.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.P.)
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98
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Carraro M, Carrer A, Urbani A, Bernardi P. Molecular nature and regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(s), drug target(s) in cardioprotection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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99
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Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. ATP synthase c-subunit ring as the channel of mitochondrial permeability transition: Regulator of metabolism in development and degeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:109-118. [PMID: 32461058 PMCID: PMC7877492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) or mitochondrial megachannel is arguably one of the most mysterious phenomena in biology today. mPTP has been at the center of ongoing extensive scientific research for the last several decades. In this review we will discuss recent advances in the field that enhance our understanding of the molecular composition of mPTP, its regulatory mechanisms and its pathophysiological role. We will describe our recent findings on the role of ATP synthase c-subunit ring as a central player in mitochondrial permeability transition and as an important metabolic regulator during development and in degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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100
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Hausenloy DJ, Schulz R, Girao H, Kwak BR, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Bernardi P, Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ion channels as targets for cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7102-7114. [PMID: 32490600 PMCID: PMC7339171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often result remain the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapeutic targets need to be discovered to protect the myocardium against acute ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in order to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size, preserve left ventricular function and prevent the onset of HF. Mitochondrial dysfunction during acute I/R injury is a critical determinant of cell death following AMI, and therefore, ion channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are known to influence cell death and survival, provide potential therapeutic targets for cardioprotection. In this article, we review the role of mitochondrial ion channels, which are known to modulate susceptibility to acute myocardial I/R injury, and we explore their potential roles as therapeutic targets for reducing MI size and preventing HF following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCollege of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of PhysiologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of CoimbraCACCCoimbraPortugal
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- CNR Neuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- CNR Neuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
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