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Gopi IK, Rattan SIS. Biphasic Dose-Response and Hormetic Effects of Stress Hormone Hydrocortisone on Telomerase-Immortalized Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells In Vitro. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819889819. [PMID: 31798356 PMCID: PMC6868574 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819889819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high levels of stress hormones are associated with well-known negative health outcomes, their low levels can have health-promoting effects by virtue of the phenomenon of mild stress-induced hormesis. We have studied the effects of a wide range (between 100 nmol/L and 150 μmol/L) of hydrocortisone (HC) on human bone marrow stem cells in vitro. Telomerase-immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSCs) were exposed to various doses of HC for different durations (1-6 days) and analyzed for survival and metabolic activity by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, for cell migratory ability by a wound-healing assay and for osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation abilities in vitro. Our findings indicate that hTERT-MSCs exposed to HC resulted in a biphasic hormetic dose–response in some measures but not all. Although the mitochondrial and metabolic MTT activity assay clearly showed low-level stimulatory (between 0.1 and 1 µmol/L) and high-level inhibitory effects (from about 10 µmol/L onward), the cytostatic and differentiation-inducing effects were mostly linear at concentrations between 1 and 100 µmol/L. Further long-term studies will elucidate whether chronic or intermittent exposure of human cells to stress hormones has physiologically beneficial hormetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Kumar Gopi
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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52
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Lipowska MM, Sadowska ET, Bauchinger U, Koteja P. Stress coping and evolution of aerobic exercise performance: corticosterone levels in voles from a selection experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.209593. [PMID: 31548286 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The locomotor performance achieved in a challenging situation depends not only on physiological limitations, such as the aerobic exercise capacity, but also on behavioral characteristics, such as adequate coping with stress. The stress response is mediated largely by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, through modulated release of glucocorticoids. We used a unique experimental evolution model system to test the hypothesis that the evolution of an increased aerobic exercise performance can be facilitated by modification of the glucocorticoid-related stress-coping mechanisms. Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from 'aerobic' (A) lines, selected for 22 generations for high maximum swim-induced rate of oxygen consumption (V̇ O2,swim), achieved a 64% higher V̇ O2,swim than those from unselected, control lines. The temporal pattern of exercise during the swimming trial also evolved, and the A-line voles achieved V̇ O2,swim later in the course of the trial, which indicates a modification of the stress response characteristics. Both V̇ O2,swim and the average metabolic rate measured during the trial tended to increase with baseline corticosterone level, and decreased with the post-exercise corticosterone level. Thus, increased baseline corticosterone level promotes high metabolic performance, but a high corticosterone response to swimming acts as an inhibitor rather than stimulator of intense activity. However, neither of the corticosterone traits differed between the A-selected and control lines. Thus, the experiment did not provide evidence that evolution of increased aerobic performance is facilitated by the modification of glucocorticoid levels. The results, however, do not exclude the possibility that other aspects of the HPA axis function evolved in response to the selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Ganguly A, Rice P, Lin KC, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. A Combinatorial Electrochemical Biosensor for Sweat Biomarker Benchmarking. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:25-32. [PMID: 31617455 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319882003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Misclassification of an acute disease condition as chronic and vice versa by electrochemical sweat biomarker sensors can cause significant psychological, emotional, and financial stress among patients. To achieve higher accuracy in distinguishing between a chronic condition and an acute condition, there is a need to establish a reference biomarker to index the actual chronic disease biomarker of interest by combinatorial sensing. This work provides the first technological proof of leveraging the chloride ion content in sweat for a combinatorial sweat biomarker benchmarking scheme. In this scheme, the sweat chloride ion has been demonstrated as the reference/indexing biomarker, while sweat cortisol has been studied as the disease biomarker of interest. Label-free affinity biosensing is achieved by using a two-electrode electrochemical system on a flexible substrate suitable for wearable applications. The electrochemical stability of the fabricated electrodes for biosensing applications was studied by open-circuit potential measurements. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra validate the crosslinker-antibody binding chemistry. Concentration-dependent analyte-capture probe binding induces a modulation in the electrical properties (charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance) at the electrode-sweat buffer interface, which are transduced by nonfaradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calibration dose responses for the sensor for cortisol (5-200 ng/mL) and chloride (10-100 mM) detection were evaluated in synthetic (pH 6) and pooled human sweat (R2 > 0.95). The variation in the cortisol sensor response due to fluctuations in sweat chloride levels and the significance of reporting normalized biomarker levels were demonstrated to further emphasize the need for biomarker benchmarking in electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antra Ganguly
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Paul Rice
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kai-Chun Lin
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Copertaro A, Bracci M. Working against the biological clock: a review for the Occupational Physician. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:557-569. [PMID: 30799323 PMCID: PMC6783289 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The master clock of the biological rhythm, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, synchronizes the molecular biological clock found in every cell of most peripheral tissues. The human circadian rhythm is largely based on the light-dark cycle. In night shift workers, alteration of the cycle and inversion of the sleep-wake rhythm can result in disruption of the biological clock and induce adverse health effects. This paper offers an overview of the main physiological mechanisms that regulate the circadian rhythm and of the health risks that are associated with its perturbation in shift and night workers. The Occupational Physician should screen shift and night workers for clinical symptoms related to the perturbation of the biological clock and consider preventive strategies to reduce the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy
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55
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Liu X, Hsu SPC, Liu WC, Wang YM, Liu X, Lo CS, Lin YC, Nabilla SC, Li Z, Hong Y, Lin C, Li Y, Zhao G, Chung RJ. Salivary Electrochemical Cortisol Biosensor Based on Tin Disulfide Nanoflakes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:189. [PMID: 31165287 PMCID: PMC6548787 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. It is a well-known biomarker of psychological stress and is hence known as the "stress hormone." If cortisol overexpression is prolonged and repeated, dysfunction in the regulation of cortisol eventually occurs. Therefore, a rapid point-of-care assay to detect cortisol is needed. Salivary cortisol electrochemical analysis is a non-invasive method that is potentially useful in enabling rapid measurement of cortisol levels. In this study, multilayer films containing two-dimensional tin disulfide nanoflakes, cortisol antibody (C-Mab), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) as BSA/C-Mab/SnS2/GCE, and characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical responses of the biosensor as a function of cortisol concentrations were determined using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. This cortisol biosensor exhibited a detection range from 100 pM to 100 μM, a detection limit of 100 pM, and a sensitivity of 0.0103 mA/Mcm2 (R2 = 0.9979). Finally, cortisol concentrations in authentic saliva samples obtained using the developed electrochemical system correlated well with results obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This biosensor was successfully prepared and used for the electrochemical detection of salivary cortisol over physiological ranges, based on the specificity of antibody-antigen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Sanford P. C. Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221 Taiwan
| | - Wai-Ching Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Ching-Shu Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Sasza Chyntara Nabilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
| | - Zhiwen Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Yuehua Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Chingpo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei, 10608 Taiwan
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Haas AV, Hopkins PN, Brown NJ, Pojoga LH, Williams JS, Adler GK, Williams GH. Higher urinary cortisol levels associate with increased cardiovascular risk. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:634-640. [PMID: 31018177 PMCID: PMC6528405 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting data on whether variations of physiologic cortisol levels associated with cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that prior discordant findings are related to problems associated with varying sample size, techniques for assessing cardiovascular risk and failure to adequately account for environmental factors. To address these issues, we utilized a large sample size, selected the Framingham risk score to compute cardiovascular risk and performed the study in a highly controlled setting. We had two main objectives: determine whether higher, yet physiologic, cortisol levels associated with increased cardiovascular risk and determine whether caveolin-1 (rs926198) risk allele carriers associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This was a cross-sectional study of 574 non-diabetic individuals who completed a common protocol. Data collection included fasting blood samples, blood pressure measurements and a 24-h urine-free cortisol collection. Five hundred seventeen of these participants also completed caveolin-1 genotyping. Subjects were classified as belonging to either the low-mode or high-mode urine-free cortisol groups, based on the bimodal distribution of urine-free cortisol. In multivariate analysis, Framingham risk score was statistically higher in the high-mode cortisol group (10.22 (mean) ± 0.43 (s.e.m.)) compared to the low-mode cortisol group (7.73 ± 0.34), P < 0.001. Framingham risk score was also statistically higher in the caveolin-1 risk allele carriers (8.91 ± 0.37) compared to caveolin-1 non-risk allele carriers (7.59 ± 0.48), P = 0.034. Overall, the estimated effect on Framingham risk score of carrying the caveolin-1 risk allele was 1.33 ± 0.61, P = 0.029. Both urinary cortisol and caveolin-1 risk allele status are independent predictors of Framingham risk score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A V Haas:
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luminita H Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail K Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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57
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Hogenelst K, Soeter M, Kallen V. Ambulatory measurement of cortisol: Where do we stand, and which way to follow? SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2018.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Apilux A, Rengpipat S, Suwanjang W, Chailapakul O. Development of competitive lateral flow immunoassay coupled with silver enhancement for simple and sensitive salivary cortisol detection. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:1198-1209. [PMID: 30713483 PMCID: PMC6341426 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is known as a stress biomarker. The measurement of cortisol levels is an early warning indicator for health conditions and diagnosis of stress-related diseases. Herein, a lateral flow immunoassay using a gold nanoparticle label with a silver enhancement system was developed for the simple, sensitive and rapid detection of cortisol. The developed assay was based on a competitive platform of which cortisol-BSA conjugate was immobilized at the test zone to compete with an analyte. The quantitative analysis was performed using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as signal labeling. Sequentially, the silver enhancement solution was applied in order to enhance the sensitivity of the assay with the results easily seen by the naked eye. Using this system, the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.5 ng/mL with a 3.6 fold more sensitive detection than without the enhancement system (LOD = 1.8 ng/mL). The salivary cortisol analysis was in the range of 0.5-150 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9984), which is in the clinical acceptable range. For the semi-quantitative analysis, the intensity color of the results was analyzed using an image processing program. The proposed method was successfully applied to detect cortisol in saliva. In addition, the results from our method also complied with the ones of those obtained by using the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This developed assay offers great promise for a non-invasive screening test of salivary cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Apilux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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59
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Kumar V, Kumar P, Kumar S, Prakash BS. Seasonal alterations in plasma cortisol in peripartum Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) as assayed by a sensitive enzymeimmunoassay in subtropical climate. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1526497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - BS Prakash
- Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Upasham S, Tanak A, Jagannath B, Prasad S. Development of ultra-low volume, multi-bio fluid, cortisol sensing platform. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16745. [PMID: 30425312 PMCID: PMC6233171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a non-faradaic electrochemical sensor for screening across multiple bio-fluids that demonstrate the expression of cortisol using a gold microelectrode-based sensor is reported in this paper. Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), BMIM[BF4] was used as the buffer to modulate the electrical double layer (EDL) to enhance the electrochemical signal response of the sensor. The sensor design and the surface chemistry was optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics software simulations and FTIR respectively. The sensor was designed so that it uses ultra-low volumes between 3-5 µL of bio-fluid for detection. Cortisol detection was achieved in the physiologically relevant ranges when tested in serum, blood, sweat, and, saliva using non-faradaic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and performance parameters of the sensor were determined. Sensor's response was tested against the only commercially available salivary cortisol point-of-care kit using regression analysis. Cross-reactive studies using prednisone indicated that the sensor is specific for cortisol. The sensor displayed a correlation value i.e. R2 > 0.95 between the signal response and the concentration of cortisol present in the system. Dynamic range of the sensor was across the physiologically relevant range of cortisol i.e. 50-200 ng/ml for serum/blood, 1-40 ng/ml for saliva, and 10-150 ng/ml for sweat. Limit of detection for serum and sweat was 10 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml for saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Upasham
- Deparatment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, T.X-75080, USA
| | - Ambalika Tanak
- Deparatment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, T.X-75080, USA
| | - Badrinath Jagannath
- Deparatment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, T.X-75080, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Deparatment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, T.X-75080, USA.
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Quantitative profiling of cortisol metabolites in human urine by high-resolution accurate-mass MS. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:2015-2026. [PMID: 30412681 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim, materials & methods: Urinary cortisol profile has the potential as a diagnostic biomarker. We therefore developed a stable-isotope dilution ultraperformance chromatography multistage MS-based method to quantify cortisol and 16 metabolites in human urines. Results & conclusion: The LOD for cortisol and its metabolites ranges from 0.02 to 5.81 pg/μl urine. The inter- and intraday variations were 3.7-12.9% and 3.5-15.6%, respectively. Among the metabolites analyzed, significant person-to-person heterogeneity was observed, demonstrating the need for comprehensive metabolite profiling in diagnosis. Nevertheless, the glucuronides of dihydrocortisol, dihydrocortisone, tetrahydrocortisol, allo-tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone are the major ones. The sum of the glucuronidated and free forms constitute >93% of the metabolites analyzed, which is termed as total cortisol equivalent. Total cortisol equivalent may serve as a surrogate of cortisol secretion. Clinical trial registration number: NCT02500472.
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Kämäräinen S, Mäki M, Tolonen T, Palleschi G, Virtanen V, Micheli L, Sesay AM. Disposable electrochemical immunosensor for cortisol determination in human saliva. Talanta 2018; 188:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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The effect of stress-induced cortisol increase on the sense of ankle proprioception. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 65:124-131. [PMID: 31453552 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2019.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of stress-induced cortisol increase on the sense of ankle proprioception. Patients and methods Between April 2016 and May 2016, a total of 60 students (30 males, 30 females; mean age: 19.2±1.5 years; range, 19 to 20 years) from İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Freshmen were included in the study. Separate measurements were made for the right and left ankle to make ankle proprioception measurements a month before the committee exam during their relaxed period using a device designed with digital inclinometer. The sense of ankle proprioception was measured at 10° dorsiflexion (DF), 11° plantar flexion (PF), and 25° PF angles with open eyes and closed eyes using active reproduction test. Salivary samples were taken for stress assessment and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) was conducted. The same tests were repeated on the day of committee exam. Results Test results showed no statistically significant difference between the right and left ankle proprioception measurements of 10° DF, 11° PF, and 25° PF angles with open eyes (p>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was found between the right and left ankle proprioception scores at the same angles with closed eyes (p<0.05). According to the Wilcoxon analysis conducted for the comparison of the relaxed and stressed periods of cortisol and STAI-I inventory, a statistically significant difference was found (p<0.05). The Spearman's Rho analysis showed no significant correlation between the right and left ankle proprioception scores and cortisol and STAI-I with open eyes, while there was a statistically significantly positive direction and low correlation between the same angles with closed eyes. Conclusion Our study results show that the increase in the stress-related cortisol is negative for the ankle proprioception sense.
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64
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Xu X, Clément P, Eklöf-Österberg J, Kelley-Loughnane N, Moth-Poulsen K, Chávez JL, Palma M. Reconfigurable Carbon Nanotube Multiplexed Sensing Devices. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4130-4135. [PMID: 29923734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the fabrication of reconfigurable and solution processable nanoscale biosensors with multisensing capability, based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Distinct DNA-wrapped (hence water-soluble) CNTs were immobilized from solution onto different prepatterned electrodes on the same chip, via a low-cost dielectrophoresis (DEP) methodology. The CNTs were functionalized with specific, and different, aptamer sequences that were employed as selective recognition elements for biomarkers indicative of stress and neuro-trauma conditions. Multiplexed detection of three different biomarkers was successfully performed, and real-time detection was achieved in serum down to physiologically relevant concentrations of 50 nM, 10 nM, and 500 pM for cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), respectively. Additionally, the fabricated nanoscale devices were shown to be reconfigurable and reusable via a simple cleaning procedure. The general applicability of the strategy presented, and the facile device fabrication from aqueous solution, hold great potential for the development of the next generation of low power consumption portable diagnostic assays for the simultaneous monitoring of different health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, and Materials Research Institute , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Pierrick Clément
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, and Materials Research Institute , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Johnas Eklöf-Österberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , 412 96 , Sweden
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , 412 96 , Sweden
| | - Jorge L Chávez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Matteo Palma
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, and Materials Research Institute , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
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65
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Effect of increase in cortisol level due to stress in healthy young individuals on dynamic and static balance scores. North Clin Istanb 2018; 5:295-301. [PMID: 30859159 PMCID: PMC6371989 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.42103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Stress is a condition caused by various factors and characterized by imbalance in body functioning, impair in nervous system, and tension. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cortisol level, which increases in healthy young individuals due to stress, on dynamic and static balance scores as well as to present the results caused by high levels of stress. METHODS: In this study, 107 healthy medicine faculty students in their second year (who will take the same committee exam) aged between 19 and 23 years were included. The first balance measurements and saliva samples were taken 40 days before the committee exam, and this period was acknowledged as the relaxed period. The same students were considered for balance measurements again on the day of committee exam; saliva samples were collected, and cortisol concentration was determined. This period was acknowledged as the stressful period. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was given to the participants in their relaxed and stressful periods. Dynamic balance scores were measured with Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Static balance scores were measured with One Leg Standing Balance Test (OLSBT). RESULTS: The mean cortisol level was found to increase approximately 9 times in stressful periods compared with that in relaxed periods. STAI, which shows state anxiety, showed an increase supporting this increase. In stressful periods, dynamic balance scores showed obvious decrease in all directions. In addition, in stressful periods, an obvious decrease was observed in static balance scores compared with those in relaxed periods. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stress negatively affected dynamic and static balance, even for short periods of time. We believe that our study will form a positive source and basis when correlated with long terms stress and balance measurements.
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Maeda T, Kikuchi E, Hasegawa M, Homma K, Yasumizu Y, Hattori S, Kosaka T, Shinoda K, Miyajima A, Oya M. Change of the 5α/5β ratio of urinary steroid metabolites in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients treated with dutasteride. Clin Biochem 2018; 55:36-41. [PMID: 29608891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the administration of dutasteride (DUT) on steroid metabolite pathways in BPH patients have not been examined. METHODS Urine and blood samples as well as clinical parameters were prospectively collected after the administration of DUT to 60 BPH patients, and after its withdrawal in another set of 25 BPH patients. Urine samples were assessed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the urinary steroid profile (USP), which simultaneously measures 63 steroid metabolites. We examined pharmacological changes in the 5α/5β ratio of urinary metabolites and their relationships with clinical parameters in patients treated with DUT. RESULTS The mean urinary androsterone/etiocholanolone (An/Et) ratio in sex-steroid pathways significantly decreased from 1.39 to 0.02 (p < 0.01). Urinary metabolites in other steroid pathways such as 5αTHF/5βTHF in the glucocorticoid pathway and 5αTHB/5βTHB in the mineralocorticoid pathway also significant decreased after the DUT treatment. As compared to baseline level, the mean An/Et ratios in patients with the withdrawal of DUT were 0.7%, 1.4%, 12.6%, and 82.4% at just before, one month, 3 months, and 6 months after the withdrawal of DUT, respectively. All other steroid pathways changed in a similar manner without the aggravation of urinary symptoms. The recovery ratio of An/Et in USP before and 3 months after the withdrawal of DUT correlated with the recovery ratio of serum PSA levels (ρ = 0.61, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Urinary 5α/5β metabolites in all pathways were strongly suppressed after the administration of DUT for one month and the pharmacological effect of DUT prolonged even after withdrawal of DUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | - Keiko Homma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seiya Hattori
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Shinoda
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
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Miller R, Wojtyniak JG, Weckesser LJ, Alexander NC, Engert V, Lehr T. How to disentangle psychobiological stress reactivity and recovery: A comparison of model-based and non-compartmental analyses of cortisol concentrations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 90:194-210. [PMID: 29370954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This article seeks to address the prevailing issue of how to measure specific process components of psychobiological stress responses. Particularly the change of cortisol secretion due to stress exposure has been discussed as an endophenotype of many psychosomatic health outcomes. To assess its process components, a large variety of non-compartmental parameters (i.e., composite measures of substance concentrations at different points in time) like the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) are commonly utilized. However, a systematic evaluation and validation of these parameters based on a physiologically plausible model of cortisol secretion has not been performed so far. Thus, a population pharmacokinetic (mixed-effects stochastic differential equation) model was developed and fitted to densely sampled salivary cortisol data of 10 males from Montreal, Canada, and sparsely sampled data of 200 mixed-sex participants from Dresden, Germany, who completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Besides the two major process components representing (1) stress-related cortisol secretion (reactivity) and (2) cortisol elimination (recovery), the model incorporates two additional, often disregarded components: (3) the secretory delay after stress onset, and (4) deviations from the projected steady-state concentration due to stress-unrelated fluctuations of cortisol secretion. The fitted model (R2 = 99%) was thereafter used to investigate the correlation structure of the four individually varying, and readily interpretable model parameters and eleven popular non-compartmental parameters. Based on these analyses, we recommend to use the minimum-maximum cortisol difference and the minimum concentration as proxy measures of reactivity and recovery, respectively. Finally, statistical power analyses of the reactivity-related sex effect illustrate the consequences of using impure non-compartmental measures of the different process components that underlie the cortisol stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Miller
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of General Psychology, Biopsychology and Psychological Methods, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan-Georg Wojtyniak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lisa J Weckesser
- Institute of General Psychology, Biopsychology and Psychological Methods, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina C Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Aerts J. Quantification of a Glucocorticoid Profile in Non-pooled Samples Is Pivotal in Stress Research Across Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:635. [PMID: 30405537 PMCID: PMC6206410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates are faced continuously with a variety of potential stressful stimuli and react by a highly conserved endocrine stress response. An immediate catecholamine mediated response increases plasma glucose levels in order to prepare the organism for the "fight or flight" reaction. In addition, in a matter of minutes after this (nor)adrenaline release, glucocorticoids, in particular cortisol or corticosterone depending on the species, are released through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in fish or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in other vertebrates. These plasma glucocorticoids are well documented and widely used as biomarker for stress across vertebrates. In order to study the role of glucocorticoids in acute and chronic stress and gain in-depth insight in the stress axis (re)activity across vertebrates, it is pivotal to pin-point the involved molecules, to understand the mechanisms of how the latter are synthesized, regulated and excreted, and to grasp their actions on a plethora of biological processes. Furthermore, in-depth knowledge on the characteristics of the tissues as well as on the analytical methodologies available for glucocorticoid quantification is needed. This manuscript is to be situated in the multi-disciplinary research topic of glucocorticoid action across vertebrates which is linked to a wide range of research domains including but not limited to biochemistry, ecology, endocrinology, ethology, histology, immunology, morphology, physiology, and toxicology, and provides a solid base for all interested in stress, in particular glucocorticoid, related research. In this framework, internationally validated confirmation methods for quantification of a glucocorticoid profile comprising: (i) the dominant hormone; (ii) its direct precursors; (iii) its endogenously present phase I metabolites; and (iv) the most abundant more polar excreted exogenous phase I metabolites in non-pooled samples are pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ostend, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Johan Aerts
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Chanson P, Guignat L, Goichot B, Chabre O, Boustani DS, Reynaud R, Simon D, Tabarin A, Gruson D, Reznik Y, Raffin Sanson ML. Group 2: Adrenal insufficiency: screening methods and confirmation of diagnosis. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 78:495-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vogeser M, Kratzsch J, Ju Bae Y, Bruegel M, Ceglarek U, Fiers T, Gaudl A, Kurka H, Milczynski C, Prat Knoll C, Suhr AC, Teupser D, Zahn I, Ostlund RE. Multicenter performance evaluation of a second generation cortisol assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:826-835. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Untreated disorders of the adrenocortical system, such as Cushing’s or Addison’s disease, can be fatal, and accurate quantification of a patient’s cortisol levels is vital for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess the analytical performance of a new fully-automated Elecsys® Cortisol II assay (second generation) to measure cortisol levels in serum and saliva.
Methods:
Four European investigational sites assessed the intermediate precision and reproducibility of the Cortisol II assay (Roche Diagnostics) under routine conditions. Method comparisons of the Cortisol II assay vs. liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the gold standard for cortisol measurement, were performed. Cortisol reference ranges from three US sites were determined using samples from self-reported healthy individuals.
Results:
The coefficients of variation (CVs) for repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility for serum samples were ≤2.6%, ≤5.8%, and ≤9.5%, respectively, and for saliva were ≤4.4% and ≤10.9%, and ≤11.4%, respectively. Agreement between the Cortisol II assay and LC-MS/MS in serum samples was close, with a slope of 1.02 and an intercept of 4.473 nmol/L. Reference range samples were collected from healthy individuals (n=300) and serum morning cortisol concentrations (5–95th percentile) were 166.1–507 nmol/L and afternoon concentrations were 73.8–291 nmol/L. Morning, afternoon, and midnight saliva concentrations (95th percentile) were 20.3, 6.94, and 7.56 nmol/L, respectively.
Conclusions:
The Cortisol II assay had good precision over the entire measuring range and had excellent agreement with LC-MS/MS. This test was found suitable for routine diagnostic application and will be valuable for the diagnosis of adrenocortical diseases.
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Sallam KM. Preparation and development of solid phase radioimmunoassay system for determination of cortisol. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 38:471-486. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1331169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kh. M. Sallam
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Local preparation and evaluation of liquid phase radioimmunoassay for determination of human serum cortisol. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros AL, Sosa-Eroza E, Espinosa E, Mendoza V, Arreola R, Mercado M. LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR RECURRENT AND PERSISTENT CUSHING DISEASE. Endocr Pract 2017; 23:759-767. [PMID: 28332874 DOI: 10.4158/ep171756.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment alternatives for persistent and recurrent Cushing disease (CD) include pituitary surgical re-intervention, radiation therapy (RT), pharmacotherapy, and bilateral adrenalectomy (BA). The decision of which of these alternatives is better suited for the individual patient rests on clinical judgment and the availability of resources. This retrospective cohort study was performed at a referral center to evaluate the long-term efficacy of different secondary interventions for persistent and recurrent CD. METHODS We evaluated the hospital charts of 84 patients (77 female, median age 34 years, median follow up 6.3 years) with CD diagnosed, treated, and followed at our multidisciplinary clinic according to a pre-established protocol. RESULTS Of the 81 patients who were initially treated with transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), 61.7% had a long-lasting remission, 16% had persistent disease, and 22% achieved remission but relapsed during follow-up. The most frequently used secondary treatment was pituitary re-intervention, followed by ketoconazole, RT, and BA. Early remissions were observed in 66.6% of the re-operated and in 58.3% of the radiated patients; long-lasting remission was achieved in 33.3% and 41.6% of these patients, respectively. Nelson syndrome developed in 41.6% of the patients who underwent BA. Upon last follow-up, 88% of all the patients are in remission, and 9.5% are biochemically controlled with ketoconazole. CONCLUSION The efficacy of treatment alternatives for recurrent or persistent CD varies considerably among patients and multiple interventions are often required to achieve long-lasting remission. ABBREVIATIONS ACTH = adrenocorticotrophic hormone; BA = bilateral adrenalectomy; CBG = cabergoline; CD = Cushing disease; CV = coefficient of variation; DXM = dexamethasone; IQR = interquartile range; RT = radiation therapy; SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery; TSS = transsphenoidal surgery; UFC = urinary free cortisol; ULN = upper limit of normal.
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74
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Kotłowska A, Puzyn T, Sworczak K, Stepnowski P, Szefer P. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing's Syndrome Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020294. [PMID: 28146078 PMCID: PMC5343830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a disease which results from excessive levels of cortisol in the human body. The disorder is associated with various signs and symptoms which are also common for the general population not suffering from compound hypersecretion. Thus, more sensitive and selective methods are required for the diagnosis of CS. This follow-up study was conducted to determine which steroid metabolites could serve as potential indicators of CS and possible subclinical hypercortisolism in patients diagnosed with so called non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). Urine samples from negative controls (n = 37), patients with CS characterized by hypercortisolism and excluding iatrogenic CS (n = 16), and patients with non-functioning AIs with possible subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (n = 25) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Statistical and multivariate methods were applied to investigate the profile differences between examined individuals. The analyses revealed hormonal differences between patients with CS and the rest of examined individuals. The concentrations of selected metabolites of cortisol, androgens, and pregnenetriol were elevated whereas the levels of tetrahydrocortisone were decreased for CS when opposed to the rest of the study population. Moreover, after analysis of potential confounding factors, it was also possible to distinguish six steroid hormones which discriminated CS patients from other study subjects. The obtained discriminant functions enabled classification of CS patients and AI group characterized by mild hypersecretion of cortisol metabolites. It can be concluded that steroid hormones selected by applying urinary profiling may serve the role of potential biomarkers of CS and can aid in its early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kotłowska
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Sworczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department ofEnvironmental Analytics,Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Lee MA, Bakh N, Bisker G, Brown EN, Strano MS. A Pharmacokinetic Model of a Tissue Implantable Cortisol Sensor. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:3004-3015. [PMID: 27782371 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is an important glucocorticoid hormone whose biochemistry influences numerous physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, it is a biomarker of interest for a number of conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and others. An implantable biosensor capable of real time monitoring of cortisol concentrations in adipose tissue may revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, as well as provide an invaluable research tool. Toward this end, a mathematical model, informed by the physiological literature, is developed to predict dynamic cortisol concentrations in adipose, muscle, and brain tissues, where a significant number of important processes with cortisol occur. The pharmacokinetic model is applied to both a prototypical, healthy male patient and a previously studied Cushing's disease patient. The model can also be used to inform the design of an implantable sensor by optimizing the sensor dissociation constant, apparent delay time, and magnitude of the sensor output versus system dynamics. Measurements from such a sensor would help to determine systemic cortisol levels, providing much needed insight for proper medical treatment for various cortisol-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Naveed Bakh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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van Ockenburg SL, Schenk HM, van der Veen A, van Rossum EFC, Kema IP, Rosmalen JGM. The relationship between 63days of 24-h urinary free cortisol and hair cortisol levels in 10 healthy individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:142-147. [PMID: 27497154 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in measuring cortisol in scalp hair is increasing because of its assumed ability to provide a historical timeline of previous systemic levels of cortisol. Yet, it remains uncertain how well hair cortisol represents the total systemic secretion of cortisol over time. METHODS Ten healthy individuals collected 24-h urine samples for 63 consecutive days and provided a hair sample at the end of the study period. 24-h urinary creatinine levels in every urine sample were determined to assess completeness of the samples. Cortisol levels in 24-h urine samples and in hair were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The correlations between urinary cortisol and hair cortisol were calculated using Kendall's tau. RESULTS We found a nonsignificant moderate correlation between average urinary cortisol secretion and average hair cortisol concentration rт=0.422, p=0.089. CONCLUSIONS Hair cortisol concentration correlates low to moderately with 24-h urinary cortisol concentration over a period of 63days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L van Ockenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, The Netherlands.
| | - H M Schenk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Veen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I P Kema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J G M Rosmalen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, The Netherlands
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77
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Ozgocer T, Yildiz S, Uçar C. Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of cortisol in human saliva. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:147-164. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1230130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ozgocer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yildiz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cihat Uçar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
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Jacobson D, Bursch M, Lajiness-O'Neill R. Potential Role of Cortisol in Social and Memory Impairments in Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:150-7. [PMID: 27617156 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 Deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by physiological and psychological symptoms. This study investigated the role of cortisol on the social and cognitive impairments in children with 22q11.2. A total of 11 children with 22q11.2 were assessed for baseline cortisol levels and received broad neuropsychological testing. Results were compared with 11 controls. Children with 22q11.2 had significantly higher cortisol levels. A significant negative correlation was observed between the general memory and attention/concentration indices of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, 2nd edition and cortisol concentrations in the control population. These data provide evidence of a possible causal mechanism that underlies social impairments in stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jacobson
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Gulfport, Mississippi, United States
| | - Megan Bursch
- Department of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Hepp P, Hagenbeck C, Burghardt B, Jaeger B, Wolf OT, Fehm T, Schaal NK. Measuring the course of anxiety in women giving birth by caesarean section: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:113. [PMID: 27188222 PMCID: PMC4870728 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women undergoing elective caesarean section experience anxiety. However, course, extent and duration of anxiety have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to explore anxiety levels during the course of the day of surgery by employing and comparing subjective as well as objective measures. By examining their correlation it is intended to give methodological support for interventional studies. Methods This is a monocentric, prospectively planned study in which 47 women with an indication for primary caesarean section took part. Anxiety levels were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-trait and STAI-state), the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA) as well as saliva cortisol at three time points on the day of the caesarean section (at admission, at skin closure and 2 h post surgery). Results Peak anxiety levels for the STAI-state and VASA were highest at admission and showed significant decreases to skin closure (p < .001). The subjective measures correlated significantly at all time points (p-values < .001). For cortisol levels the peak level of anxiety was shown at skin closure with a significant increase from admission to skin closure and a significant decrease from skin closure to 2 h post operation (p-values < .001). Additionally women with STAI-trait scores above the median showed significantly higher levels at the peaks of anxiety. Conclusion The study reveals the course of anxiety on the day of the caesarean section. A strong correlation of STAI-state and VASA was demonstrated. Cortisol showed a different course, which fits into its known biological kinetics. Taking into account all measures, anxiety seems to be most bothersome before surgery until skin closure. In a differentiated approach using STAI-trait scores as a discriminator we showed that the group with STAI-trait levels above the median is particularly prone to develop anxiety in the setting of the caesarean section and might therefore mostly be in need of an intervention against anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hepp
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, HELIOS Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Vogelsangstr. 109, 42109, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Carsten Hagenbeck
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Burghardt
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernadette Jaeger
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wyller VB, Vitelli V, Sulheim D, Fagermoen E, Winger A, Godang K, Bollerslev J. Altered neuroendocrine control and association to clinical symptoms in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: a cross-sectional study. J Transl Med 2016; 14:121. [PMID: 27149955 PMCID: PMC4858924 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling disorder, and a major threat against adolescent health. The pathophysiology is unknown, but alteration of neuroendocrine control systems might be a central element, resulting in attenuation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenalin (HPA) axis and enhancement of the sympathetic/adrenal medulla (SAM) system. This study explored differences in neuroendocrine control mechanisms between adolescent CFS patients and healthy controls, and whether characteristics of the control mechanisms are associated with important clinical variables within the CFS group. METHODS CFS patients 12-18 years of age were recruited nation-wide to a single referral center as part of the NorCAPITAL project. A broad case definition of CFS was applied. A comparable group of healthy controls were recruited from local schools. A total of nine hormones were assayed and subjected to network analyses using the ARACNE algorithm. Symptoms were charted by a questionnaire, and daily physical activity was recorded by an accelerometer. RESULTS A total of 120 CFS patients and 68 healthy controls were included. CFS patients had significantly higher levels of plasma norepinephrine, plasma epinephrine and plasma FT4, and significantly lower levels of urine cortisol/creatinine ratio. Subgrouping according to other case definitions as well as adjusting for confounding factors did not alter the results. Multivariate linear regression models as well as network analyses revealed different interrelations between hormones of the HPA axis, the SAM system, and the thyroid system in CFS patients and healthy controls. Also, single hormone degree centrality was associated with clinical markers within the CFS group. CONCLUSION This study reveals different interrelation between hormones of the HPA axis, the SAM system, and the thyroid system in CFS patients and healthy controls, and an association between hormone control characteristics and important clinical variables in the CFS group. These results add to the growing insight of CFS disease mechanisms. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT01040429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Bruun Wyller
- />Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Paediatrics, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Valieria Vitelli
- />Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Sulheim
- />Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Paediatrics, Lillehammer County Hospital, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Even Fagermoen
- />Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Winger
- />Institute of Nursing Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Godang
- />Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- />Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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81
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Abstract
Cortisol is one of the most important glucocorticoids and plays important roles in regulating human metabolism. Midnight salivary cortisol has been shown to correlate well with free cortisol concentration in serum and is one of the first tests recommended for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.The procedure described here involves centrifugation of the saliva samples to remove solids and mucus strands before they are diluted with buffer and mixed with deuterated internal standard D4-cortisol. The samples are then subjected to reverse phase separation on a C18 column and analyzed by a tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS). Quantification is achieved by comparing the responses of a given sample to the responses of the calibrators of known concentrations. The calibrators are prepared and analyzed along with the patient samples. Analytical specificity is ensured by using multiple reaction monitoring with fragment ions that are unique to cortisol and deuterated internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 608, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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82
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Antonelli G, Padoan A, Artusi C, Marinova M, Zaninotto M, Plebani M. Automated saliva processing for LC-MS/MS: Improving laboratory efficiency in cortisol and cortisone testing. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:518-520. [PMID: 26708175 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to implement in our routine practice an automated saliva preparation protocol for quantification of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) by LC-MS/MS using a liquid handling platform, maintaining the previously defined reference intervals with the manual preparation. DESIGN AND METHODS Addition of internal standard solution to saliva samples and calibrators and SPE on μ-elution 96-well plate were performed by liquid handling platform. After extraction, the eluates were submitted to LC-MS/MS analysis. The manual steps within the entire process were to transfer saliva samples in suitable tubes, to put the cap mat and transfer of the collection plate to the LC auto sampler. Transference of the reference intervals from the manual to the automated procedure was established by Passing Bablok regression on 120 saliva samples analyzed simultaneously with the two procedures. RESULTS Calibration curves were linear throughout the selected ranges. The imprecision ranged from 2 to 10%, with recoveries from 95 to 116%. Passing Bablok regression demonstrated no significant bias. CONCLUSIONS The liquid handling platform translates the manual steps into automated operations allowing for saving hands-on time, while maintaining assay reproducibility and ensuring reliability of results, making it implementable in our routine with the previous established reference intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Antonelli
- U.O.C. of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Padoan
- U.O.C. of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Artusi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariela Marinova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- U.O.C. of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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83
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Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG. Variability in laboratory parameters used for management of Cushing's syndrome. Endocrine 2015; 50:580-9. [PMID: 26160393 PMCID: PMC4662716 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progress in assay methodology, from the use of radioactive tracers to chemiluminescent signals, from competitive to chromatographic techniques and from serum or urine to saliva has considerably impacted on hormonal measurements. The clinician now may choose among multiple tests but the inherent variability in cortisol and ACTH secretion, coupled to lack of harmonization among assay procedures and normal ranges mandates careful interpretation of any result. The present review will examine factors which affect interpretation of cortisol and ACTH measurements and their impact on tests used for management of Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Milan, MI, Italy.
| | - Alberto G Ambrogio
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095, Milan, MI, Italy
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Sanghavi BJ, Moore JA, Chávez JL, Hagen JA, Kelley-Loughnane N, Chou CF, Swami NS. Aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles for surface immobilization-free electrochemical detection of cortisol in a microfluidic device. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:244-252. [PMID: 26618642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the periodic diurnal variations in cortisol from small volume samples of serum or saliva is of great interest, due to the regulatory role of cortisol within various physiological functions and stress symptoms. Current detection assays are immunologically based and require cumbersome antibody immobilization chemistries, thereby limiting the assay versatility, kinetics, and reproducibility. We present a quantitative aptamer-based detection methodology for cortisol that does not require target labeling, capture probe immobilization on the detection surface or wash steps prior to readout. Using a recognition system of aptamer functionalized gold nanoparticles pre-bound with electro-active triamcinolone, the cortisol level is detected based on its competitive binding to the aptamer by following signal from the displaced triamcinolone using square wave voltammetry at patterned graphene-modified electrodes in a microfluidic or nanoslit device. Due to the 3D analyte diffusion profile at the aptamer interface and the ability to enhance the surface area for cortisol capture, this assay shows signal linearity over a five-log analyte concentration range (10 μg/mL to 30 pg/mL) and exhibits rapid binding kinetics with cortisol versus other glucocorticoids, as apparent from the absence of interferences from estradiol, testosterone and progesterone. The assay is carried out within the biologically relevant range for glucocorticoids in serum and saliva matrices, and benchmarked versus ELISA and radioimmunoassays. Based on absence of cumbersome surface immobilization and wash steps for carrying out this assay, its quantitative signal characteristics and its ability to resist interferences from other glucocorticoids, we envision its application towards routine monitoring of cortisol within bio-fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankim J Sanghavi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - John A Moore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jorge L Chávez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Joshua A Hagen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei-11529, Taiwan
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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85
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Smajdor J, Piech R, Rumin M, Bator BP. New high sensitive hydrocortisone determination by means of adsorptive stripping voltammetry on renewable mercury film silver based electrode. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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86
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Jensen MA, Garde AH, Kristiansen J, Nabe-Nielsen K, Hansen ÅM. The effect of the number of consecutive night shifts on diurnal rhythms in cortisol, melatonin and heart rate variability (HRV): a systematic review of field studies. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:531-45. [PMID: 26464315 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge from field studies on how many consecutive night shifts are required for adaptation of diurnal rhythms in cortisol, melatonin and heart rate variability (HRV) to night work. METHODS A systematic search of the databases PubMed and Web of Science resulted in 18 studies selected for review. RESULTS Cortisol was measured in five studies, melatonin in 11 studies and HRV in four studies. Diurnal rhythms were assessed by use of several different measures based on three to eight samples per day for cortisol and melatonin and 24-h recordings for HRV. Most of the studies in the review were small studies with less than 30 participants, and most studies evaluated diurnal rhythms after only two consecutive night shifts whereas only six studies used seven or more consecutive night shifts. The majority of studies found that adaptation to night work had not occurred after two consecutive night shifts, whereas a small number found evidence for full adaptation after seven consecutive night shifts based on diurnal rhythms in cortisol and melatonin. CONCLUSION There are methodological differences in the field studies analyzing diurnal rhythms and large diversity in the occupational fields studied. Nevertheless, we conclude that diurnal rhythms in cortisol, melatonin and HRV are not adapted to night work after 1-3 consecutive night shifts. Studies are needed to establish how many consecutive night shifts are needed for full adaptation of diurnal rhythms to night work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Aarrebo Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, København K, Denmark.
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kristiansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, København K, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, København K, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
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87
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Soh JH, Lin Y, Rana S, Ying JY, Stevens MM. Colorimetric Detection of Small Molecules in Complex Matrixes via Target-Mediated Growth of Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2015. [PMID: 26197040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and sensitive colorimetric assay that allows the rapid detection of small-molecule targets using the naked eye is demonstrated. The working principle of the assay integrates aptamer-target recognition and the aptamer-controlled growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Aptamer-target interactions modulate the amount of aptamer strands adsorbed on the surface of aptamer-functionalized Au NPs via desorption of the aptamer strands when target molecules bind with the aptamer. Depending on the resulting aptamer coverage, Au NPs grow into morphologically varied nanostructures, which give rise to different colored solutions. Au NPs with low aptamer coverage grow into spherical NPs, which produce red-colored solutions, whereas Au NPs with high aptamer coverage grow into branched NPs, which produce blue-colored solutions. We achieved visible colorimetric response and nanomolar detection limits for the detection of ochratoxin A (1 nM) in red wine samples, as well as cocaine (1 nM) and 17β-estradiol (0.2 nM) in spiked synthetic urine and saliva, respectively. The detection limits were well within clinically and physiologically relevant ranges, and below the maximum food safety limits. The assay is highly sensitive, specific, and able to detect an array of analytes rapidly without requiring sophisticated equipment, making it relevant for many applications, such as high-throughput drug and clinical screening, food sampling, and diagnostics. Furthermore, the assay is easily adapted as a chip-based platform for rapid and portable target detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hui Soh
- †Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.,‡Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yiyang Lin
- †Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K
| | - Subinoy Rana
- †Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K
| | - Jackie Y Ying
- ‡Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Molly M Stevens
- †Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K
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88
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D’Aurizio F, Tozzoli R, Dorizzi RM, Brescia V, Esposito E, Fortunato A, Giovanella L, Guzzaloni G. La diagnostica di laboratorio delle malattie del surrene. Raccomandazioni pratiche per la sindrome di Cushing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13631-015-0088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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89
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Martin JA, Smith JE, Warren M, Chávez JL, Hagen JA, Kelley-Loughnane N. A method for selecting structure-switching aptamers applied to a colorimetric gold nanoparticle assay. J Vis Exp 2015:e52545. [PMID: 25870978 PMCID: PMC4401151 DOI: 10.3791/52545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules provide rich targets for biosensing applications due to their physiological implications as biomarkers of various aspects of human health and performance. Nucleic acid aptamers have been increasingly applied as recognition elements on biosensor platforms, but selecting aptamers toward small molecule targets requires special design considerations. This work describes modification and critical steps of a method designed to select structure-switching aptamers to small molecule targets. Binding sequences from a DNA library hybridized to complementary DNA capture probes on magnetic beads are separated from nonbinders via a target-induced change in conformation. This method is advantageous because sequences binding the support matrix (beads) will not be further amplified, and it does not require immobilization of the target molecule. However, the melting temperature of the capture probe and library is kept at or slightly above RT, such that sequences that dehybridize based on thermodynamics will also be present in the supernatant solution. This effectively limits the partitioning efficiency (ability to separate target binding sequences from nonbinders), and therefore many selection rounds will be required to remove background sequences. The reported method differs from previous structure-switching aptamer selections due to implementation of negative selection steps, simplified enrichment monitoring, and extension of the length of the capture probe following selection enrichment to provide enhanced stringency. The selected structure-switching aptamers are advantageous in a gold nanoparticle assay platform that reports the presence of a target molecule by the conformational change of the aptamer. The gold nanoparticle assay was applied because it provides a simple, rapid colorimetric readout that is beneficial in a clinical or deployed environment. Design and optimization considerations are presented for the assay as proof-of-principle work in buffer to provide a foundation for further extension of the work toward small molecule biosensing in physiological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Martin
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation
| | - Joshua E Smith
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation
| | - Mercedes Warren
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
| | - Jorge L Chávez
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; UES, Inc
| | - Joshua A Hagen
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base;
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90
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Hair cortisol detection in dairy cattle by using EIA: protocol validation and correlation with faecal cortisol metabolites. Animal 2015; 9:1059-64. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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91
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Tarjányi Z, Montskó G, Kenyeres P, Márton Z, Hágendorn R, Gulyás E, Nemes O, Bajnok L, L Kovács G, Mezősi E. Free and total cortisol levels are useful prognostic markers in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:751-9. [PMID: 25271243 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of cortisol in the prediction of mortality risk in critical illness is controversial in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of cortisol concentrations in a mixed population of critically ill patients in medical emergencies. DESIGN In this prospective, observational study, measurement of total (TC) and free cortisol (FC) levels was made in the serum samples of 69 critically ill patients (39 males and 30 females, median age of 74 years) at admission (0 h) and 6, 24, 48, and 96 h after admission. METHODS Cortisol levels were determined using HPLC coupled high-resolution ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. The severity of disease was calculated by prognostic scores. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS The range of TC varied between 49.9 and 8797.8 nmol/l, FC between 0.4 and 759.9 nmol/l. The levels of FC at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h and TC at 0, 6 h were significantly elevated in non-survivors and correlated with the predicted mortality. The prognostic value of these cortisol levels was comparable with the routinely used mortality scores. In predictive models, FC at 6, 24, and 48 h proved to be an independent determinant of mortality. CONCLUSIONS The predictive values of FC in the first 2 days after admission and TC within 6 h are comparable with the complex, routinely used mortality scores in evaluating the prognosis of critically ill patients. The cortisol response probably reflects the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Tarjányi
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Montskó
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Kenyeres
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Márton
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Roland Hágendorn
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erna Gulyás
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Nemes
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Bajnok
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L Kovács
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Mezősi
- First Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság, Pécs H-7624, HungaryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSzentágothai Research CentreUniversity of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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92
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Rahmioglu N, Fassbender A, Vitonis AF, Tworoger SS, Hummelshoj L, D'Hooghe TM, Adamson GD, Giudice LC, Becker CM, Zondervan KT, Missmer SA. World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project: III. Fluid biospecimen collection, processing, and storage in endometriosis research. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1233-43. [PMID: 25256929 PMCID: PMC4230639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To harmonize standard operating procedures (SOPs) and standardize the recording of associated data for collection, processing, and storage of fluid biospecimens relevant to endometriosis. Design An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and 3 industry collaborators from 16 countries on 5 continents. Setting In 2013, 2 workshops were conducted, followed by global consultation, bringing together 54 leaders in endometriosis research and sample processing worldwide. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) Consensus SOPs were based on: [1] systematic comparison of SOPs from 18 global centers collecting fluid samples from women with and without endometriosis on a medium/large scale (publication on >100 cases), [2] literature evidence where available, or consultation with laboratory experts otherwise, and [3] several global consultation rounds. Main Outcome Measure(s) Standard recommended and minimum required SOPs for biofluid collection, processing, and storage in endometriosis research. Result(s) We developed recommended standard and minimum required SOPs for the collection, processing, and storage of plasma, serum, saliva, urine, endometrial/peritoneal fluid, and menstrual effluent, and a biospecimen data-collection form necessary for interpretation of sample-derived results. Conclusion(s) The Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project SOPs allow endometriosis research centers to decrease variability in biofluid sample results, facilitating between-center comparisons and collaborations. The procedures are also relevant to research into other female conditions involving biofluid samples subject to cyclic reproductive influences. The consensus SOPs are based on the best available evidence; areas with limited evidence are identified as requiring further pilot studies. The SOPs will be reviewed based on investigator feedback, and through systematic tri-annual follow-up. Updated versions will be made available at: endometriosisfoundation.org/ephect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amelie Fassbender
- Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lone Hummelshoj
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF), London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M D'Hooghe
- Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G David Adamson
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF), London, United Kingdom; Palo Alto Medical Foundation Fertility Physicians of Northern California, Palo Alto, California
| | - Linda C Giudice
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF), London, United Kingdom; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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93
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Rosmalen JGM, Kema IP, Wüst S, van der Ley C, Visser ST, Snieder H, Bakker SJL. 24 h urinary free cortisol in large-scale epidemiological studies: short-term and long-term stability and sources of variability. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 47:10-6. [PMID: 25001951 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with several somatic and psychiatric health problems. The amount of free cortisol excreted in the urine during 24h (24-h UFC) has often been used as a proxy for HPA-axis function. Reference values for 24-h UFC and their stability in the short and long term, as well as sources of variability, are largely lacking. METHODS This study was performed in a general population cohort. Participants collected 24-h UFC on two consecutive days (T1), and repeated this collection approximately 2 years later (T2). Cortisol in urine was measured using LC-MS/MS. Height and weight were measured at the research facilities; glomerular filtration rate was estimated using creatinine clearance. Psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire), smoking, alcohol use and exercise were measured by means of questionnaires. RESULTS 24-h UFC stability on a day-to-day basis was 0.69 (T1, N=1192) and 0.72 (T2, N=963) (both p<0.001). Long-term stability as indicated by correlation between 2-day averages of T1 and T2 was 0.60 (N=972, p<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that 24-h UFC was predicted by urine volume (standardized beta 0.282 (T1, N=1556) and 0.276 (T2, N=1244); both p<0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (standardized beta 0.137 (T1) and 0.179 (T2); both p<0.001), while also sex explained a small part (standardized beta for female sex -0.057 (T1) and -0.080 (T2); both p<0.05). CONCLUSION 24-h UFC is moderately stable both in the short and the long term. The effects of urine volume and glomerular filtration rate on 24-h UFC are much stronger than those of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G M Rosmalen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ido P Kema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claude van der Ley
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sipke T Visser
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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94
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Garnier-Villarreal M, Rhemtulla M, Little TD. Two-method planned missing designs for longitudinal research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025414542711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We examine longitudinal extensions of the two-method measurement design, which uses planned missingness to optimize cost-efficiency and validity of hard-to-measure constructs. These designs use a combination of two measures: a “gold standard” that is highly valid but expensive to administer, and an inexpensive (e.g., survey-based) measure that contains systematic measurement bias (e.g., response bias). Using simulated data on four measurement occasions, we compared the cost-efficiency and validity of longitudinal designs where the gold standard is measured at one or more measurement occasions. We manipulated the nature of the response bias over time (constant, increasing, fluctuating), the factorial structure of the response bias over time, and the constraints placed on the latent variable model. Our results showed that parameter bias is lowest when the gold standard is measured on at least two occasions. When a multifactorial structure was used to model response bias over time, it is necessary to have the “gold standard” measures included at every time point, in which case most of the parameters showed low bias. Almost all parameters in all conditions displayed high relative efficiency, suggesting that the 2-method design is an effective way to reduce costs and improve both power and accuracy in longitudinal research.
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95
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Martin JA, Chávez JL, Chushak Y, Chapleau RR, Hagen J, Kelley-Loughnane N. Tunable stringency aptamer selection and gold nanoparticle assay for detection of cortisol. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4637-47. [PMID: 24880870 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The first-known aptamer for the stress biomarker cortisol was selected using a tunable stringency magnetic bead selection strategy. The capture DNA probe immobilized on the beads was systematically lengthened to increase the number of bases bound to the complementary pool primer regions following selection enrichment. This resulted in a single sequence (15-1) dominating the final round 15 pool, where the same sequence was the second-highest copy number candidate in the enriched pool with the shorter capture DNA probe (round 13). A thorough analysis of the next-generation sequencing results showed that a high copy number may only correlate with enhanced affinity under certain stringency and enrichment conditions, in contrast with prior published reports. Aptamer 15-1 demonstrated enhanced binding to cortisol (K(d) = 6.9 ± 2.8 μM by equilibrium dialysis; 16.1 ± 0.6 μM by microscale thermophoresis) when compared with the top sequence from round 13 and the negative control progesterone. Whereas most aptamer selections terminate at the selection round demonstrating the highest enrichment, this work shows that extending the selection with higher stringency conditions leads to lower amounts eluted by the target but higher copy numbers of a sequence with enhanced binding. The structure-switching aptamer was applied to a gold nanoparticle assay in buffer and was shown to discriminate between cortisol and two other stress biomarkers, norepinephrine and epinephrine, and a structurally analogous biomarker of liver dysfunction, cholic acid. We believe this approach enhances aptamer selection and serves as proof-of-principle work toward development of point-of-care diagnostics for medical, combat, or bioterrorism targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Martin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
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Singh A, Kaushik A, Kumar R, Nair M, Bhansali S. Electrochemical sensing of cortisol: a recent update. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1115-26. [PMID: 24723204 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress caused by everyday lifestyle contributes to health disparities experienced by individuals. It affects many biomarkers, but cortisol - "a steroid hormone" - is known as a potential biomarker for psychological stress detection. Abnormal levels of cortisol are indicative of conditions such as Cushing's syndrome Addison's disease, adrenal insufficiencies and more recently post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Chromatographic techniques, which are traditionally used to detect cortisol, are a complex system requiring multistep extraction/purification. This limits its application for point-of-care (POC) detection of cortisol. However, electrochemical immunosensing of cortisol is a recent advancement towards POC application. This review highlights simple, low-cost, and label-free electrochemical immunosensing platforms which have been developed recently for sensitive and selective detection of cortisol in bio-fluids. Electrochemical detection is utilized for the detection of cortisol using Anti-Cortisol antibodies (Anti-Cab) covalently immobilized on nanostructures, such as self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and polymer composite, for POC integration of sensors. The observed information can be used as a prototype to understand behavioral changes in humans such as farmers and firefighters. Keeping the future directions and challenges in mind, the focus of the BioMEMS and Microsystems Research Group at Florida International University is on development of POC devices for immunosensing, integration of these devices with microfluidics, cross validation with existing technologies, and analysis of real sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Singh
- BioMEMS and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
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97
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Antonelli G, Artusi C, Marinova M, Brugnolo L, Zaninotto M, Scaroni C, Gatti R, Mantero F, Plebani M. Cortisol and cortisone ratio in urine: LC-MS/MS method validation and preliminary clinical application. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52:213-20. [PMID: 24391193 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of urinary cortisol/cortisone ratio is of clinical utility in cases of Cushing's syndrome, apparent mineralocorticoid excess, and also provides information on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) type 2 activity. It is therefore of utmost importance to ensure accurate cortisol and cortisone measurement and establish appropriate reference ranges. METHODS After the isotopic dilution of urine, sample cleanups were obtained with on-line solid-phase extraction and cortisol and cortisone, separated using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 HPLC analytical column, were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode operation. RESULTS The method was linear, with concentrations of up to 625 and 1125 nmol/L and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 5 and 6 nmol/L, for cortisol and cortisone, respectively. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were <5% and 6% for cortisol and 6% and 8% for cortisone, respectively. No ion suppression was observed. The non-parametric reference range for the cortisol/cortisone ratio was 0.14-1.09. CONCLUSIONS A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the measurement of cortisol and cortisone in urine. Our findings indicate that the proposed analytical method is suitable for routine purposes and useful in many pathological conditions.
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Bansal J, Bansal A, Shahi M, Kedige S, Narula R. Periodontal Emotional Stress Syndrome: Review of Basic Concepts, Mechanism and Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmp.2014.33026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Cortisol is quantitatively the major glucocorticoid product of the adrenal cortex. The main reason to measure cortisol is to diagnose human diseases characterised by deficiency of adrenal steroid excretion in Addison's disease or overproduction in Cushing's syndrome (CS). In both cases a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay of cortisol is required. Several methods have been described for the quantitative measurement of cortisol in both serum and urine. The most widely used methods in routine clinical laboratories are immunoassays (IA) and enzyme immunoassays (EIA), luminescence and fluorescence assays, which are available in numerous commercial kits and on automated platforms. However, there remains a number of problems in the so-called direct immunoassays if extraction and prepurification are not carried out before the assay. Recently, more specific chromatographic methods have been introduced, such as high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric assays (LC-MS/MS). The high specificity especially of LC-MS/MS facilitates reliable measurement of cortisol both in plasma, urine and saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Turpeinen
- HUSLAB, Laboratory of Women's Clinic, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Kaushik A, Vasudev A, Arya SK, Pasha SK, Bhansali S. Recent advances in cortisol sensing technologies for point-of-care application. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 53:499-512. [PMID: 24212052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Everyday lifestyle related issues are the main cause of psychological stress, which contributes to health disparities experienced by individuals. Prolonged exposure to stress leads to the activation of signaling pathways from the brain that leads to release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Various biomarkers have been affected by psychological stress, but cortisol "a steroid hormone" is known as a potential biomarker for its estimation. Cortisol can also be used as a target analyte marker to determine the effect of exposure such as organophosphates on central nervous system, which alters the endocrine system, leading to imbalance in cortisol secretion. Cortisol secretion of individuals depends on day-night cycle and field environment hence its detection at point-of-care (POC) is deemed essential to provide personalized healthcare. Chromatographic techniques have been traditionally used to detect cortisol. The issues relating to assay formation, system complexity, and multistep extraction/purification limits its application in the field. In order to overcome these issues and to make portable and effective miniaturized platform, various immunoassays sensing strategies are being explored. However, electrochemical immunosensing of cortisol is considered as a recent advancement towards POC application. Highly sensitive, label-free and selective cortisol immunosensor based on microelectrodes are being integrated with the microfluidic system for automated diurnal cortisol monitoring useful for personalized healthcare. Although the reported sensing devices for cortisol detection may have a great scope to improve portability, electronic designing, performance of the integrated sensor, data safety and lifetime for point-of-care applications, This review is an attempt to describe the various cortisol sensing platforms and their potential to be integrated into a wearable system for online and continuous monitoring of cortisol rhythm at POC as a function of one's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kaushik
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States.
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