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Djokic V, Primus S, Akoolo L, Chakraborti M, Parveen N. Age-Related Differential Stimulation of Immune Response by Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi During Acute Phase of Infection Affects Disease Severity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2891. [PMID: 30619263 PMCID: PMC6300717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most prominent tick-borne disease with 300,000 cases estimated by CDC every year while ~2,000 cases of babesiosis occur per year in the United States. Simultaneous infection with Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi are now the most common tick-transmitted coinfections in the U.S.A., and they are a serious health problem because coinfected patients show more intense and persisting disease symptoms. B. burgdorferi is an extracellular spirochete responsible for systemic Lyme disease while B. microti is a protozoan that infects erythrocytes and causes babesiosis. Immune status and spleen health are important for resolution of babesiosis, which is more severe and even fatal in the elderly and splenectomized patients. Therefore, we investigated the effect of each pathogen on host immune response and consequently on severity of disease manifestations in both young, and 30 weeks old C3H mice. At the acute stage of infection, Th1 polarization in young mice spleen was associated with increased IFN-γ and TNF-α producing T cells and a high Tregs/Th17 ratio. Together, these changes could help in the resolution of both infections in young mice and also prevent fatality by B. microti infection as observed with WA-1 strain of Babesia. In older mature mice, Th2 polarization at acute phase of B. burgdorferi infection could play a more effective role in preventing Lyme disease symptoms. As a result, enhanced B. burgdorferi survival and increased tissue colonization results in severe Lyme arthritis only in young coinfected mice. At 3 weeks post-infection, diminished pathogen-specific antibody production in coinfected young, but not older mice, as compared to mice infected with each pathogen individually may also contribute to increased inflammation observed due to B. burgdorferi infection, thus causing persistent Lyme disease observed in coinfected mice and reported in patients. Thus, higher combined proinflammatory response to B. burgdorferi due to Th1 and Th17 cells likely reduced B. microti parasitemia significantly only in young mice later in infection, while the presence of B. microti reduced humoral immunity later in infection and enhanced tissue colonization by Lyme spirochetes in these mice even at the acute stage, thereby increasing inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitomir Djokic
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Shekerah Primus
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lavoisier Akoolo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Monideep Chakraborti
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Nikhat Parveen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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52
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Grigoryan A, Guidi N, Senger K, Liehr T, Soller K, Marka G, Vollmer A, Markaki Y, Leonhardt H, Buske C, Lipka DB, Plass C, Zheng Y, Mulaw MA, Geiger H, Florian MC. LaminA/C regulates epigenetic and chromatin architecture changes upon aging of hematopoietic stem cells. Genome Biol 2018; 19:189. [PMID: 30404662 PMCID: PMC6223039 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function upon aging contributes to aging-associated immune remodeling and leukemia pathogenesis. Aged HSCs show changes to their epigenome, such as alterations in DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation landscapes. We previously showed a correlation between high Cdc42 activity in aged HSCs and the loss of intranuclear epigenetic polarity, or epipolarity, as indicated by the specific distribution of H4K16ac. RESULTS Here, we show that not all histone modifications display a polar localization and that a reduction in H4K16ac amount and loss of epipolarity are specific to aged HSCs. Increasing the levels of H4K16ac is not sufficient to restore polarity in aged HSCs and the restoration of HSC function. The changes in H4K16ac upon aging and rejuvenation of HSCs are correlated with a change in chromosome 11 architecture and alterations in nuclear volume and shape. Surprisingly, by taking advantage of knockout mouse models, we demonstrate that increased Cdc42 activity levels correlate with the repression of the nuclear envelope protein LaminA/C, which controls chromosome 11 distribution, H4K16ac polarity, and nuclear volume and shape in aged HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data show that chromatin architecture changes in aged stem cells are reversible by decreasing the levels of Cdc42 activity, revealing an unanticipated way to pharmacologically target LaminA/C expression and revert alterations of the epigenetic architecture in aged HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Grigoryan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Novella Guidi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Senger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gina Marka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yolanda Markaki
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Regulation of Cellular Differentiation Group, INF280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11c, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
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53
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Bosque MÁSD, Cervantes-Bonilla MÁ, Palacios-Saucedo GDC. Clinical and dosimetric factors associated with the development of hematologic toxicity in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:392-397. [PMID: 30127680 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify clinical and dosimetric factors associated with the development of hematologic toxicity (HT) for cervical cancer (CC) treated with chemotherapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy. Background Chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care management for CC patients with IB2-IVA clinical stages (CS). This treatment carries toxicities, standing out the one that occurs at the hematologic level. Subjects and methods CC patients with IB2-IVA CS treated with chemotherapy and 3D conformal radiotherapy (50 Gy) plus Brachyterapy (7 Gy x3 or 9 Gy x2) at our institution between March 2016 and March 2017. Clinical and dosimetric factors were studied as was their probable association with the development of HT. Results 59 patients were analyzed. 89.8% of the subjects developed some grade of HT and 50.2% developed ≥grade 2 toxicity. No statistical relationship was found for the dosimetric factors: V10 > 90% (p = 0.47) and V20 > 80% (p = 0.17). Regarding clinical factors: neither age >50 years (p = 0.88) nor diabetes mellitus (DM) showed statistical relationship with development of ≥grade 2 HT (p = 0.88 and p = 0.61, respectively). On the contrary, obesity showed a significant association (p = 0.02). For other factors analyzed, we found statistical correlation for epidermoid histology and ≥III A CS (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions We did not find statistical relationship between HT and the clinical factors of age >50 years and DM. Statistical relationship for the dosimetric factors V10 > 90% and V20 > 80% was not found as well. On the contrary, obesity, epidermoid histology and ≥IIIA CS, showed statistical significance for development of HT ≥grade 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Souto-Del Bosque
- Radio-oncology Department, National Medical Center of the Northeast of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Lincoln and Fidel Velazquez ST, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64180, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cervantes-Bonilla
- Radio-oncology Department, National Medical Center of the Northeast of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Lincoln and Fidel Velazquez ST, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64180, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Del Carmen Palacios-Saucedo
- National Medical Center of the Northeast of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Lincoln and Fidel Velazquez ST, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64180, Mexico
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Singh SK, Singh S, Gadomski S, Sun L, Pfannenstein A, Magidson V, Chen X, Kozlov S, Tessarollo L, Klarmann KD, Keller JR. Id1 Ablation Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Stress-Induced Exhaustion and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:252-265.e8. [PMID: 30082068 PMCID: PMC6149219 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Defining mechanisms that maintain tissue stem cells during homeostasis, stress, and aging is important for improving tissue regeneration and repair and enhancing cancer therapies. Here, we show that Id1 is induced in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by cytokines that promote HSC proliferation and differentiation, suggesting that it functions in stress hematopoiesis. Genetic ablation of Id1 increases HSC self-renewal in serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT) assays, correlating with decreases in HSC proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Id1-/- HSCs have a quiescent molecular signature and harbor less DNA damage than control HSCs. Cytokines produced in the hematopoietic microenvironment after γ-irradiation induce Id1 expression. Id1-/- HSCs display a blunted proliferative response to such cytokines and other inducers of chronic proliferation including genotoxic and inflammatory stress and aging, protecting them from chronic stress and exhaustion. Thus, targeting Id1 may be therapeutically useful for improving HSC survival and function during BMT, chronic stress, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra K Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Cell Culture, Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen Gadomski
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Pfannenstein
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiongfong Chen
- Advanced Biomedical and Computation Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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55
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a common, age-associated condition characterized by the acquisition of somatic mutations. This concise review explores our current understanding of the mechanisms that influence the development of clonality with aging and its potential malignant and non-malignant clinical implications. Recent Findings Aging of the hematopoietic system results in phenotypic changes that favor clonal dominance. Cell-extrinsic factors provide additional selective pressures that further shape clonal architecture. Even so, small clones with candidate driver mutations appear to be ubiquitous with age and largely benign in the absence of strong selective pressures. Benign clonal expansion may compensate for the loss of regenerative HSC capacity as we age. Summary CHIP is a marker of aging that reflects the biologic interplay between HSC aging and cell-extrinsic factors. The clinical significance of CHIP is highly variable and dependent on clinical context. Distinguishing the causal relationships and confounding factors that regulate clonal behavior will be essential to define the mechanistic role of CHIP in aging and potentially mitigate its clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo J Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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56
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Diminished apoptotic priming and ATM signalling confer a survival advantage onto aged haematopoietic stem cells in response to DNA damage. Nat Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29531308 PMCID: PMC6067675 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ageing of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) contributes to deficits in the aged haematopoietic system. HSC decline is driven in part by DNA damage accumulation, yet how aging impacts the acute DNA damage response (DDR) of HSCs is poorly understood. We show that old HSCs exhibit diminished ATM activity and attenuated DDR leading to elevated clonal survival in response to a range of genotoxins that was underwritten by diminished apoptotic priming. Distinct HSC subsets exhibited ageing-dependent and subtype-dependent differences in apoptotic priming and survival in response to DNA damage. The defective DDR of old HSCs was non-cell autonomous as ATM signalling, and clonal survival in response to DNA damage could be restored to levels observed in young HSCs post-transplantation into young recipients. These data suggest that defective DDR and diminished apoptotic priming provide a selective advantage to old HSCs that may contribute to mutation accrual and disease predisposition.
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57
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Zhang X, Lv D, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Li Z. Clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia highlighted by latest genome sequencing studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58586-58594. [PMID: 27474172 PMCID: PMC5295455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of years might be required for an initiated cell to become a fully-pledged, metastasized tumor. DNA mutations are accumulated during this process including background mutations that emerge scholastically, as well as driver mutations that selectively occur in a handful of cancer genes and confer the cell a growth advantage over its neighbors. A clone of tumor cells could be superseded by another clone that acquires new mutations and grows more aggressively. Tumor evolutional patterns have been studied for years using conventional approaches that focus on the investigation of a single or a couple of genes. Latest deep sequencing technology enables a global view of tumor evolution by deciphering almost all genome aberrations in a tumor. Tumor clones and the fate of each clone during tumor evolution can be depicted with the help of the concept of variant allele frequency. Here, we summarize the new insights of cancer evolutional progression in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dekang Lv
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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58
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He S, Roberts PJ, Sorrentino JA, Bisi JE, Storrie-White H, Tiessen RG, Makhuli KM, Wargin WA, Tadema H, van Hoogdalem EJ, Strum JC, Malik R, Sharpless NE. Transient CDK4/6 inhibition protects hematopoietic stem cells from chemotherapy-induced exhaustion. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/387/eaal3986. [PMID: 28446688 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy is highly effective in certain cancers but causes dose-limiting damage to normal proliferating cells, especially hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Serial exposure to cytotoxics causes a long-term hematopoietic compromise ("exhaustion"), which limits the use of chemotherapy and success of cancer therapy. We show that the coadministration of G1T28 (trilaciclib), which is a small-molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), contemporaneously with cytotoxic chemotherapy protects murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from chemotherapy-induced exhaustion in a serial 5-fluorouracil treatment model. Consistent with a cell-intrinsic effect, we show directly preserved HSC function resulting in a more rapid recovery of peripheral blood counts, enhanced serial transplantation capacity, and reduced myeloid skewing. When administered to healthy human volunteers, G1T28 demonstrated excellent in vivo pharmacology and transiently inhibited bone marrow (BM) HSPC proliferation. These findings suggest that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with cytotoxic chemotherapy should provide a means to attenuate therapy-induced BM exhaustion in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui He
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | | | | | - John E Bisi
- G1 Therapeutics Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Renger G Tiessen
- PRA Health Sciences, P.O. Box 200, 9470 AE Zuidlaren, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henko Tadema
- PRA Health Sciences, P.O. Box 200, 9470 AE Zuidlaren, Netherlands
| | | | - Jay C Strum
- G1 Therapeutics Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rajesh Malik
- G1 Therapeutics Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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59
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Jasiulionis MG. Abnormal Epigenetic Regulation of Immune System during Aging. Front Immunol 2018; 9:197. [PMID: 29483913 PMCID: PMC5816044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms controlling the chromatin structure, which has fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and genome stability. Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are established during embryonic development and epigenetic profiles are stably inherited during mitosis, ensuring cell differentiation and fate. Under the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as metabolic profile, hormones, nutrition, drugs, smoke, and stress, epigenetic marks are actively modulated. In this sense, the lifestyle may affect significantly the epigenome, and as a result, the gene expression profile and cell function. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of aging and diseases, such as cancer. Among biological systems compromised with aging is the decline of immune response. Different regulators of immune response have their promoters and enhancers susceptible to the modulation by epigenetic marks, which is fundamental to the differentiation and function of immune cells. Consistent evidence has showed the regulation of innate immune cells, and T and B lymphocytes by epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, age-dependent alterations in epigenetic marks may result in the decline of immune function and this might contribute to the increased incidence of diseases in old people. In order to maintain health, we need to better understand how to avoid epigenetic alterations related to immune aging. In this review, the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the loss of immune function during aging will be discussed, and the promise of new means of disease prevention and management will be pointed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Jasiulionis
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Epigenetics, Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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60
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Kretzschmar C, Roolf C, Timmer K, Sekora A, Knübel G, Murua Escobar H, Fuellen G, Ibrahim SM, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S, Jaster R, Köhling R, Junghanss C. Polymorphisms of the murine mitochondrial ND4, CYTB and COX3 genes impact hematopoiesis during aging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74460-74472. [PMID: 27626489 PMCID: PMC5342679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can accumulate mutations leading to increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS were described to activate formerly quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Mutations in mtDNA were shown to enhance the risk for myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia. However, the complex relationship between mtDNA variations, ROS and aging of the hematopoietic system is not fully understood. Herein, three mouse strains with mtDNA polymorphisms in genes of respiratory chain complexes I (ND4), III (CYTB) and IV (COX3) were compared to a reference strain during aging. Analysis focused on ROS and ATP levels, bone marrow composition and blood counts. Additionally, hematopoietic restoration capacity following cytotoxic stress was tested. Mice with polymorphisms in ND4 and CYTB gene had significantly decreasing ROS levels in bone marrow cells during aging, without effecting ATP levels. In addition, the frequency of stem and progenitor cells increased during aging but the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood decreased during aging. In summary, the presence of mtDNA polymorphisms affecting the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV was associated with altered ROS levels as well as changes in BM and peripheral blood composition during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Kretzschmar
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Timmer
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knübel
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Tiedge
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Baltrusch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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61
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Chen X, Deng H, Churchill MJ, Luchsinger LL, Du X, Chu TH, Friedman RA, Middelhoff M, Ding H, Tailor YH, Wang ALE, Liu H, Niu Z, Wang H, Jiang Z, Renders S, Ho SH, Shah SV, Tishchenko P, Chang W, Swayne TC, Munteanu L, Califano A, Takahashi R, Nagar KK, Renz BW, Worthley DL, Westphalen CB, Hayakawa Y, Asfaha S, Borot F, Lin CS, Snoeck HW, Mukherjee S, Wang TC. Bone Marrow Myeloid Cells Regulate Myeloid-Biased Hematopoietic Stem Cells via a Histamine-Dependent Feedback Loop. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:747-760.e7. [PMID: 29198940 PMCID: PMC5975960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (MB-HSCs) play critical roles in recovery from injury, but little is known about how they are regulated within the bone marrow niche. Here we describe an auto-/paracrine physiologic circuit that controls quiescence of MB-HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors marked by histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). Committed Hdc+ myeloid cells lie in close anatomical proximity to MB-HSCs and produce histamine, which activates the H2 receptor on MB-HSCs to promote their quiescence and self-renewal. Depleting histamine-producing cells enforces cell cycle entry, induces loss of serial transplant capacity, and sensitizes animals to chemotherapeutic injury. Increasing demand for myeloid cells via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment specifically recruits MB-HSCs and progenitors into the cell cycle; cycling MB-HSCs fail to revert into quiescence in the absence of histamine feedback, leading to their depletion, while an H2 agonist protects MB-HSCs from depletion after sepsis. Thus, histamine couples lineage-specific physiological demands to intrinsically primed MB-HSCs to enforce homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Pathology, and Molecular Medicine and Genetics Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, China
| | - Michael J. Churchill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Larry L. Luchsinger
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Xing Du
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Timothy H. Chu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Yagnesh H. Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Alexander L. E. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Haibo Liu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Zhengchuan Niu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH) 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Pavel Tishchenko
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Wenju Chang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Theresa C. Swayne
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Laura Munteanu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Karan K. Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Bernhard W. Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel L. Worthley
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia,Cancer Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - C. Benedikt Westphalen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Florence Borot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Correspondence: (S.M.), (T.C.W.)
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Correspondence: (S.M.), (T.C.W.)
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62
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The Light and Shadow of Senescence and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Pathology and Regenerative Medicine. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7953486. [PMID: 29118467 PMCID: PMC5651105 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7953486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies evidence a dramatic increase of cardiovascular diseases, especially associated with the aging of the world population. During aging, the progressive impairment of the cardiovascular functions results from the compromised tissue abilities to protect the heart against stress. At the molecular level, in fact, a gradual weakening of the cellular processes regulating cardiovascular homeostasis occurs in aging cells. Atherosclerosis and heart failure are particularly correlated with aging-related cardiovascular senescence, that is, the inability of cells to progress in the mitotic program until completion of cytokinesis. In this review, we explore the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cellular senescence and their role in the onset of these cardiovascular pathologies. Additionally, we dissect the effects of aging on the cardiac endogenous and exogenous reservoirs of stem cells. Finally, we offer an overview on the strategies of regenerative medicine that have been advanced in the quest for heart rejuvenation.
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63
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Isobe KI, Nishio N, Hasegawa T. Immunological aspects of age-related diseases. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:129-137. [PMID: 28588756 PMCID: PMC5439164 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of elderly people rises in the developed countries. The increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases is caused by immune dysfunction, especially T cell functional decline. Age-related hematopoietic stem cells deviate from lymphoid lineage to myeloid lineage. Thymus shrinks early in life, which is followed by the decline of naïve T cells. T-cell receptor repertoire diversity declines by aging, which is caused by cytomegalovirus-driven T cell clonal expansion. Functional decline of B cell induces antibody affinity declines by aging. Many effector functions including phagocytosis of myeloid cells are down regulated by aging. The studies of aging of myeloid cells have some controversial results. Although M1 macrophages have been shown to be replaced by anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by advanced age, many human studies showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in older human. To solve this discrepancy here we divide age-related pathological changes into two categories. One is an aging of immune cell itself. Second is involvement of immune cells to age-related pathological changes. Cellular senescence and damaged cells in aged tissue recruit pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and proceed to age-related diseases. Underlying biochemical and metabolic studies will open nutritional treatment.
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64
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Kirschner K, Chandra T, Kiselev V, Flores-Santa Cruz D, Macaulay IC, Park HJ, Li J, Kent DG, Kumar R, Pask DC, Hamilton TL, Hemberg M, Reik W, Green AR. Proliferation Drives Aging-Related Functional Decline in a Subpopulation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1503-1511. [PMID: 28538171 PMCID: PMC5457484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is characterized by lineage bias and reduced stem cell function, the molecular basis of which is largely unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a distinct subpopulation of old HSCs carrying a p53 signature indicative of stem cell decline alongside pro-proliferative JAK/STAT signaling. To investigate the relationship between JAK/STAT and p53 signaling, we challenged HSCs with a constitutively active form of JAK2 (V617F) and observed an expansion of the p53-positive subpopulation in old mice. Our results reveal cellular heterogeneity in the onset of HSC aging and implicate a role for JAK2V617F-driven proliferation in the p53-mediated functional decline of old HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kirschner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Epigenetics ISP, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK; MRC Unit for Human Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH2 2XU, UK.
| | - Vladimir Kiselev
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Flores-Santa Cruz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Iain C Macaulay
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Juan Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David G Kent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rupa Kumar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dean C Pask
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tina L Hamilton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin Hemberg
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics ISP, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK; The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK.
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65
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Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide Prevents Hematopoietic Stem Cells Senescence in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3508907. [PMID: 28491095 PMCID: PMC5405396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3508907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related regression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) limits replenishment of the blood and immune system and hence contributes to hematopoietic diseases and declined immunity. In this study, we employed D-gal-induced aging mouse model and observed the antiaging effects of Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide (ASP), a major active ingredient in dong quai (Chinese Angelica Sinensis), on the Sca-1+ HSC/HPCs in vivo. ASP treatment prevents HSC/HPCs senescence with decreased AGEs levels in the serum, reduced SA-β-Gal positive cells, and promoted CFU-Mix formation in the D-gal administrated mouse. We further found that multiple mechanisms were involved: (1) ASP treatment prevented oxidative damage as total antioxidant capacity was increased and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-OHdG, and 4-HNE were declined, (2) ASP reduced the expression of γ-H2A.X which is a DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) marker and decreased the subsequent ectopic expressions of effectors in p16Ink4a-RB and p19Arf-p21Cip1/Waf senescent pathways, and (3) ASP inhibited the excessive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in aged HSC/HPCs, as the expressions of β-catenin, phospho-GSK-3β, and TCF-4 were decreased, and the cyto-nuclear translocation of β-catenin was inhibited. Moreover, compared with the positive control of Vitamin E, ASP exhibited a better antiaging effect and a weaker antioxidation ability, suggesting a novel protective role of ASP in the hematopoietic system.
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66
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Park CY. Hematopoiesis in aging: Current concepts and challenges. Semin Hematol 2016; 54:1-3. [PMID: 28088981 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
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67
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Hinge A, Filippi MD. Deconstructing the Complexity of TGFβ Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Quiescence and Beyond. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016; 2:388-397. [PMID: 28529843 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is highly dynamic and must constantly produce new blood cells every day. Mature blood cells all derive from a pool of rare long-lived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are mostly quiescent but occasionally divide and self-renew in order to maintain the stem cell pool and continuous replenishment of mature blood cells throughout life. A tight control of HSC self-renewal, commitment to differentiation and maintenance of quiescence states is necessary for lifelong blood supply. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a critical regulator hematopoietic cell functions. It is a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic cell growth. However, TGFβ functions are more complex and largely context-dependent. Emerging evidence suggests a role in aging, cell identity and cell fate decisions. Here, we will review the role of TGF-β and downstream signaling in normal HSC functions, in HSC quiescence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hinge
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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68
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Latchney SE, Calvi LM. The aging hematopoietic stem cell niche: Phenotypic and functional changes and mechanisms that contribute to hematopoietic aging. Semin Hematol 2016; 54:25-32. [PMID: 28088984 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system has the remarkable ability to provide a lifelong supply of mature cells that make up the entire blood and immune system. However, similar to other adult stem cell niches, the hematopoietic system is vulnerable to the detrimental effects of aging. This is a substantial health concern as the trend for population aging continues to increase. Identifying mechanisms that underlie hematopoietic aging is vital for understanding hematopoietic-related diseases. In this review, we first discuss the cellular hierarchy of the hematopoietic system and the components that make up the surrounding hematopoietic niche. We then provide an overview of the major phenotypes associated with hematopoietic aging and discuss recent research investigating cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) aging. We end by discussing the exciting new concept of possibly reversing the HSC aging process along with outstanding questions that remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Latchney
- Endocrine Metabolism Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY
| | - Laura M Calvi
- Endocrine Metabolism Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY.
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69
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Abstract
As the primary site of T-cell development, the thymus plays a key role in the generation of a strong yet self-tolerant adaptive immune response, essential in the face of the potential threat from pathogens or neoplasia. As the importance of the role of the thymus has grown, so too has the understanding that it is extremely sensitive to both acute and chronic injury. The thymus undergoes rapid degeneration following a range of toxic insults, and also involutes as part of the aging process, albeit at a faster rate than many other tissues. The thymus is, however, capable of regenerating, restoring its function to a degree. Potential mechanisms for this endogenous thymic regeneration include keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) signaling, and a more recently described pathway in which innate lymphoid cells produce interleukin-22 (IL-22) in response to loss of double positive thymocytes and upregulation of IL-23 by dendritic cells. Endogenous repair is unable to fully restore the thymus, particularly in the aged population, and this paves the way toward the need for exogenous strategies to help regenerate or even replace thymic function. Therapies currently in clinical trials include KGF, use of the cytokines IL-7 and IL-22, and hormonal modulation including growth hormone administration and sex steroid inhibition. Further novel strategies are emerging in the preclinical setting, including the use of precursor T cells and thymus bioengineering. The use of such strategies offers hope that for many patients, the next regeneration of their thymus is a step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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70
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Harman MF, Ranocchia RP, Gorlino CV, Sánchez Vallecillo MF, Castell SD, Crespo MI, Maletto BA, Morón G, Pistoresi-Palencia MC. Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells with arginase activity lasts longer in aged than in young mice after CpG-ODN plus IFA treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13448-61. [PMID: 25922914 PMCID: PMC4537026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As we age, the homeostatic function of many systems in the body, such as the immune function declines, which in turn contributes to augment susceptibility to disease. Here we describe that challenging aged mice with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine guanine motifs (CpG-ODN) emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), (CpG-ODN+IFA) an inflammatory stimulus, led to the expansion of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells with augmented expression of CD124 and CD31. These myeloid cells lasted longer in the spleen of aged mice than in their younger counterparts after CpG-ODN+IFA treatment and were capable of suppressing T cell proliferative response by arginase induction. Myeloid cells from aged CpG-ODN+IFA-treated mice presented increased arginase-1 expression and enzyme activity. In addition, we found a different requirement of cytokines for arginase induction according to mice age. In myeloid cells from young treated mice, arginase-1 expression and activity is induced by the presence of each IL-4 or IL-6 in their extracellular medium, unlike myeloid cells from aged treated mice which need the presence of both IL-4 and IL-6 together for arginase induction and suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Harman
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina P Ranocchia
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina V Gorlino
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María F Sánchez Vallecillo
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sofía D Castell
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María I Crespo
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A Maletto
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Pistoresi-Palencia
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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71
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Marsh T, Wong I, Sceneay J, Barakat A, Qin Y, Sjödin A, Alspach E, Nilsson B, Stewart SA, McAllister SS. Hematopoietic Age at Onset of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Dictates Disease Aggressiveness and Progression. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2932-43. [PMID: 27197230 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered an early onset subtype of breast cancer that carries with it a poorer prognosis in young rather than older women for reasons that remain poorly understood. Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow becomes altered with age and may therefore affect the composition of tumor-infiltrating hematopoietic cells and subsequent tumor progression. In this study, we investigated how age- and tumor-dependent changes to bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells impact TNBC progression. Using multiple mouse models of TNBC tumorigenesis and metastasis, we found that a specific population of bone marrow cells (BMC) upregulated CSF-1R and secreted the growth factor granulin to support stromal activation and robust tumor growth in young mice. However, the same cell population in old mice expressed low levels of CSF1R and granulin and failed to promote tumor outgrowth, suggesting that age influences the tumorigenic capacity of BMCs in response to tumor-associated signals. Importantly, BMCs from young mice were sufficient to activate a tumor-supportive microenvironment and induce tumor progression in old mice. These results indicate that hematopoietic age is an important determinant of TNBC aggressiveness and provide rationale for investigating age-stratified therapies designed to prevent the protumorigenic effects of activated BMCs. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2932-43. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Marsh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Wong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaclyn Sceneay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amey Barakat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuanbo Qin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elise Alspach
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Medicine; and ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sheila A Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Medicine; and ICCE Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sandra S McAllister
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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72
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Leiva M, Quintana JA, Ligos JM, Hidalgo A. Haematopoietic ESL-1 enables stem cell proliferation in the bone marrow by limiting TGFβ availability. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10222. [PMID: 26742601 PMCID: PMC4729861 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The life-long maintenance of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) critically relies on environmental signals produced by cells that constitute the haematopoietic niche. Here we report a cell-intrinsic mechanism whereby haematopoietic cells limit proliferation within the bone marrow, and show that this pathway is repressed by E-selectin ligand 1 (ESL-1). Mice deficient in ESL-1 display aberrant HSPC quiescence, expansion of the immature pool and reduction in niche size. Remarkably, the traits were transplantable and dominant when mutant and wild-type precursors coexisted in the same environment, but were independent of E-selectin, the vascular receptor for ESL-1. Instead, quiescence is generated by unrestrained production of the cytokine TGFβ by mutant HSPC, and in vivo or in vitro blockade of the cytokine completely restores the homeostatic properties of the haematopoietic niche. These findings reveal that haematopoietic cells, including the more primitive compartment, can actively shape their own environment. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPCs) proliferation is controlled by signals from the niche. Here, Leiva et al. show in vivo in mice that deletion of E-selectin ligand 1 causes quiescence of HSPCs and a reduction in niche size, which is mediated by changes of TGFß levels in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Leiva
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Quintana
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ligos
- Cellomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
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73
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Sriram S, Xenocostas A, Lazo-Langner A. Erythropoietin in anemia of unknown etiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematology 2016; 21:234-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2015.1101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Sriram
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Alejandro Lazo-Langner
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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74
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Clearance of senescent cells by ABT263 rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Nat Med 2015; 22:78-83. [PMID: 26657143 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1190] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells (SCs) accumulate with age and after genotoxic stress, such as total-body irradiation (TBI). Clearance of SCs in a progeroid mouse model using a transgenic approach delays several age-associated disorders, suggesting that SCs play a causative role in certain age-related pathologies. Thus, a 'senolytic' pharmacological agent that can selectively kill SCs holds promise for rejuvenating tissue stem cells and extending health span. To test this idea, we screened a collection of compounds and identified ABT263 (a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-xL) as a potent senolytic drug. We show that ABT263 selectively kills SCs in culture in a cell type- and species-independent manner by inducing apoptosis. Oral administration of ABT263 to either sublethally irradiated or normally aged mice effectively depleted SCs, including senescent bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and senescent muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Notably, this depletion mitigated TBI-induced premature aging of the hematopoietic system and rejuvenated the aged HSCs and MuSCs in normally aged mice. Our results demonstrate that selective clearance of SCs by a pharmacological agent is beneficial in part through its rejuvenation of aged tissue stem cells. Thus, senolytic drugs may represent a new class of radiation mitigators and anti-aging agents.
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75
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Müller L, Pawelec G. As we age: Does slippage of quality control in the immune system lead to collateral damage? Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:116-23. [PMID: 25676139 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate adaptive immune system is remarkable for its possession of a very broad range of antigen receptors imbuing the system with exquisite specificity, in addition to the phagocytic and inflammatory cells of the innate system shared with invertebrates. This system requires strict control both at the level of the generation the cells carrying these receptors and at the level of their activation and effector function mediation in order to avoid autoimmunity and mitigate immune pathology. Thus, quality control checkpoints are built into the system at multiple nodes in the response, relying on clonal selection and regulatory networks to maximize pathogen-directed effects and minimize collateral tissue damage. However, these checkpoints are compromised with age, resulting in poorer immune control manifesting as tissue-damaging autoimmune and inflammatory phenomena which can cause widespread systemic disease, paradoxically compounding the problems associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease and possibly cancer in the elderly. Better understanding the reasons for slippage of immune control will pave the way for developing rational strategies for interventions to maintain appropriate immunity while reducing immunopathology.
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76
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Sestier B. [Hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion and advanced glycation end-products in the unexplained anemia of the elderly]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2015; 50:223-231. [PMID: 26100032 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 10% of the aged 65 years and over in the western world suffers anemia and in one third of them the cause of the anemia remains obscure. The unexplained anemia of the elderly (UAE) is considered an exclusion diagnosis, without the existence of a clear consensus to its clinical or experimental approach. There is an association between aging and anemia in studies performed in animals and in humans. OBJECTIVES To determine if there is evidence in the literature that supports hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhaustion and the advanced glycation end-products (AGE's) as a cause of UAE. METHOD A total of 32 combined texts (28 for HSC exhaustion and 4 for AGEs) were selected after an intensive review. Conclusions were associated with causes and effects of the HSC exhaustion and circulating AGE's over aging and anemia. RESULTS Only three works try to establish an association between UAE and HSC exhaustion, two of them disagreed in their conclusions, with the third one differing in the type of study. There is a relationship between anemia and AGEs increase and accumulation. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence in the literature that links the aging molecular and cellular mechanisms with the HSC exhaustion and the increase of AGE's. Furthermore; there is some evidence that both conditions determine the emergence of anemia associated with age in animals and in humans. There is little evidence in the literature to clarify the relationship between aging and UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Sestier
- Servicio Médico, Residencia Gerontológica Casaverde, Guardamar del Segura, Alicante, España.
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77
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Wong JC, Weinfurtner KM, Alzamora MDP, Kogan SC, Burgess MR, Zhang Y, Nakitandwe J, Ma J, Cheng J, Chen SC, Ho TT, Flach J, Reynaud D, Passegué E, Downing JR, Shannon K. Functional evidence implicating chromosome 7q22 haploinsufficiency in myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26193121 PMCID: PMC4569895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 7 deletions are highly prevalent in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and likely contribute to aberrant growth through haploinsufficiency. We generated mice with a heterozygous germ line deletion of a 2-Mb interval of chromosome band 5A3 syntenic to a commonly deleted segment of human 7q22 and show that mutant hematopoietic cells exhibit cardinal features of MDS. Specifically, the long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is expanded in 5A3(+/del) mice, and the distribution of myeloid progenitors is altered. 5A3(+/del) HSCs are defective for lymphoid repopulating potential and show a myeloid lineage output bias. These cell autonomous abnormalities are exacerbated by physiologic aging and upon serial transplantation. The 5A3 deletion partially rescues defective repopulation in Gata2 mutant mice. 5A3(+/del) hematopoietic cells exhibit decreased expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and perturbed oxygen consumption. These studies provide the first functional data linking 7q22 deletions to MDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kelley M Weinfurtner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Scott C Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael R Burgess
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Unit of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Transgenic Animal Models, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Shann-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Theodore T Ho
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Johanna Flach
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Damien Reynaud
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Teipel R, Schetelig J, Kramer M, Schmidt H, Schmidt AH, Thiede C, Oelschlägel U, Kroschinsky F, Bornhäuser M, Ehninger G, Hölig K. Prediction of hematopoietic stem cell yield after mobilization with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in healthy unrelated donors. Transfusion 2015; 55:2855-63. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Teipel
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
- Clinical Trials Unit, DKMS
| | - Michael Kramer
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | | | | | - Christian Thiede
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | - Frank Kroschinsky
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
| | - Kristina Hölig
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Der TU Dresden, Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I
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Toyokuni S, Jiang L, Wang S, Hirao A, Wada T, Soh C, Toyama K, Kawada A. Aging rather than sun exposure is a major determining factor for the density of miR-125b-positive epidermal stem cells in human skin. Pathol Int 2015; 65:415-9. [PMID: 26081223 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure and aging are two major factors in the deterioration of skin function. In the present study, we used eighty formalin-fixed human skin samples from sun-exposed and unexposed areas from old and young individuals to evaluate the presence of miR-125b-positive epidermal stem cells (ESCs) by in situ hybridization. miR-125b-positive ESCs were detected in the basal layer of the epidermis. The density of miR-125b-positive ESCs was significantly associated with age rather than sun exposure, whereas the density of miR-125b-positive ESCs tended to decrease in the sun-exposed area. These data suggest the potential use of miR-125b as a surrogate marker for the quality of epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hirao
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamae Wada
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chieko Soh
- Kobe Technical Center, Procter & Gamble, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazumi Toyama
- Kobe Technical Center, Procter & Gamble, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Kawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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80
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Grove CS, Vassiliou GS. Acute myeloid leukaemia: a paradigm for the clonal evolution of cancer? Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:941-51. [PMID: 25056697 PMCID: PMC4107323 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an uncontrolled clonal proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood. Advances in cancer genomics have revealed the spectrum of somatic mutations that give rise to human AML and drawn our attention to its molecular evolution and clonal architecture. It is now evident that most AML genomes harbour small numbers of mutations, which are acquired in a stepwise manner. This characteristic, combined with our ability to identify mutations in individual leukaemic cells and our detailed understanding of normal human and murine haematopoiesis, makes AML an excellent model for understanding the principles of cancer evolution. Furthermore, a better understanding of how AML evolves can help us devise strategies to improve the therapy and prognosis of AML patients. Here, we draw from recent advances in genomics, clinical studies and experimental models to describe the current knowledge of the clonal evolution of AML and its implications for the biology and treatment of leukaemias and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S Grove
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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81
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Karamitros D, Patmanidi AL, Kotantaki P, Potocnik AJ, Bähr-Ivacevic T, Benes V, Lygerou Z, Kioussis D, Taraviras S. Geminin deletion increases the number of fetal hematopoietic stem cells by affecting the expression of key transcription factors. Development 2015; 142:70-81. [PMID: 25516969 DOI: 10.1242/dev.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Balancing stem cell self-renewal and initiation of lineage specification programs is essential for the development and homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. We have specifically ablated geminin in the developing murine hematopoietic system and observed profound defects in the generation of mature blood cells, leading to embryonic lethality. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) accumulated in the fetal liver following geminin ablation, while committed progenitors were reduced. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified key HSC transcription factors as being upregulated upon geminin deletion, revealing a gene network linked with geminin that controls fetal hematopoiesis. In order to obtain mechanistic insight into the ability of geminin to regulate transcription, we examined Hoxa9 as an example of a key gene in definitive hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that in human K562 cells geminin is associated with HOXA9 regulatory elements and its absence increases HOXA9 transcription similarly to that observed in vivo. Moreover, silencing geminin reduced recruitment of the PRC2 component SUZ12 to the HOXA9 locus and resulted in an increase in RNA polymerase II recruitment and H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), whereas the repressive marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 were reduced. The chromatin landscape was also modified at the regulatory regions of HOXA10 and GATA1. K562 cells showed a reduced ability to differentiate to erythrocytes and megakaryocytes upon geminin silencing. Our data suggest that geminin is indispensable for fetal hematopoiesis and regulates the generation of a physiological pool of stem and progenitor cells in the fetal hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Karamitros
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Alexandra L Patmanidi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Panoraia Kotantaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Alexandre J Potocnik
- Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC/National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Tomi Bähr-Ivacevic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kioussis
- Division of Molecular Immunology, MRC/National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
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82
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Iyer S, Brooks R, Gumbleton M, Kerr WG. SHIP1-expressing mesenchymal stem cells regulate hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment during aging. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1073-81. [PMID: 25525673 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and lineage choice are subject to intrinsic control. However, this intrinsic regulation is also impacted by external cues provided by niche cells. There are multiple cellular components that participate in HSC support with the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) playing a pivotal role. We had previously identified a role for SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase-1 (SHIP1) in HSC niche function through analysis of mice with germline or induced SHIP1 deficiency. In this study, we show that the HSC compartment expands significantly when aged in a niche that contains SHIP1-deficient MSC; however, this expanded HSC compartment exhibits a strong bias toward myeloid differentiation. In addition, we show that SHIP1 prevents chronic G-CSF production by the aging MSC compartment. These findings demonstrate that intracellular signaling by SHIP1 in MSC is critical for the control of HSC output and lineage commitment during aging. These studies increase our understanding of how myeloid bias occurs in aging and thus could have implications for the development of myeloproliferative disease in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Iyer
- 1 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York
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83
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Abstract
Stem cells persist in replenishing functional mature cells throughout life by self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are among the best-characterized and understood stem cells, and they are responsible for the life-long production of all lineages of blood cells. HSCs are a heterogeneous population containing lymphoid-biased, myeloid-biased, and balanced subsets. HSCs undergo age-associated phenotypic and functional changes, and the composition of the HSC pool alters with aging. HSCs and their lineage-biased subfractions can be identified and analyzed by flow cytometry based on cell surface makers. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enables the isolation and purification of HSCs that greatly facilitates the mechanistic study of HSCs and their aging process at both cellular and molecular levels. The mouse model has been extensively used in HSC aging study. Bone marrow cells are isolated from young and old mice and stained with fluorescence-conjugated antibodies specific for differentiated and stem cells. HSCs are selected based on the negative expression of lineage markers and positive selection for several sets of stem cell markers. Lineage-biased HSCs can be further distinguished by the level of SLAM/CD150 expression and the extent of Hoechst efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Division of Hematology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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84
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Puleston DJ, Zhang H, Powell TJ, Lipina E, Sims S, Panse I, Watson AS, Cerundolo V, Townsend AR, Klenerman P, Simon AK. Autophagy is a critical regulator of memory CD8(+) T cell formation. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25385531 PMCID: PMC4225493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, CD8+ T cells initially expand then contract, leaving a small memory pool providing long lasting immunity. While it has been described that CD8+ T cell memory formation becomes defective in old age, the cellular mechanism is largely unknown. Autophagy is a major cellular lysosomal degradation pathway of bulk material, and levels are known to fall with age. In this study, we describe a novel role for autophagy in CD8+ T cell memory formation. Mice lacking the autophagy gene Atg7 in T cells failed to establish CD8+ T cell memory to influenza and MCMV infection. Interestingly, autophagy levels were diminished in CD8+ T cells from aged mice. We could rejuvenate CD8+ T cell responses in elderly mice in an autophagy dependent manner using the compound spermidine. This study reveals a cell intrinsic explanation for poor CD8+ T cell memory in the elderly and potentially offers novel immune modulators to improve aged immunity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03706.001 In the face of an infection, the immune system mounts an aggressive response by producing many copies of killer immune cells called CD8+ T cells that recognize and destroy any cells infected with the invading pathogen. The number of killer cells produced depends on the extent of the infection. Once the infection has been brought under control, most of the CD8+ T cells die off. The small numbers that are retained—called memory cells—‘remember’ the pathogen, so that if it invades the body again, they can help the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively. Memory cells are also critical to the effectiveness of vaccines, many of which introduce a dead or weakened pathogen into the body. This does not cause an infection, but does allow the immune system to create memory cells that are able to fend off the same pathogen in the future. However, vaccines only work in individuals that are able to produce and maintain memory cells, which many older people are less able to do. An important system that maintains cells, called autophagy, destroys and removes the ‘junk’ and toxic by products that all cells accumulate over time as a result of normal cell functions. Without autophagy, cells become less able to produce energy and they may die. Puleston et al. show that autophagy begins to fail in old mice, which prevents the formation of a proper memory response. In addition, mice that lack an important gene needed for autophagy are unable to produce memory cells after being infected with viruses such as influenza. Puleston et al. found that boosting autophagy in older mice using a chemical called spermidine—which is also found naturally in many tissues—helped to restore the mice's ability to create and maintain memory cells. Spermidine-treated mice developed a stronger immunity to influenza after vaccination compared with other mice of a similar age. Further research is required to better understand how spermidine works to see if it could be developed into a drug that safely boosts the immune system of humans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03706.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Puleston
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Powell
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elina Lipina
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Sims
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Panse
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S Watson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Rm Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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85
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Boraschi D, Italiani P. Immunosenescence and vaccine failure in the elderly: Strategies for improving response. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:346-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kimura W, Muralidhar S, Canseco DC, Puente B, Zhang CC, Xiao F, Abderrahman YH, Sadek HA. Redox signaling in cardiac renewal. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1660-73. [PMID: 25000143 PMCID: PMC4175032 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Utilizing oxygen (O2) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enables organisms to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with a higher efficiency than glycolysis, but it results in increased reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria, which can result in stem cell dysfunction and senescence. RECENT ADVANCES In the postnatal organism, the hematopoietic system represents a classic example of the role of stem cells in cellular turnover and regeneration. However, in other organs such as the heart, both the degree and source of cellular turnover have been heavily contested. CRITICAL ISSUES Although recent evidence suggests that the major source of the limited cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart is cardiomyocyte proliferation, the identity and potential role of undifferentiated cardiac progenitor cells remain controversial. Several types of cardiac progenitor cells have been identified, and several studies have identified an important role of redox and metabolic regulation in survival and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Perhaps a simple way to approach these controversies is to focus on the multipotentiality characteristics of a certain progenitor population, and not necessarily its ability to give rise to all cell types within the heart. In addition, it is important to note that cycling cells in the heart may express markers of differentiation or may be truly undifferentiated, and for the purpose of this review, we will refer to these cycling cells as progenitors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that hypoxia, redox signaling, and metabolic phenotypes are major regulators of cardiac renewal, and may prove to be important therapeutic targets for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kimura
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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87
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Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (Ghr) signaling is important in a wide variety of cellular processes including aging; however, the role of Ghr signaling in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology remains unexplored. Within the hematopoietic system, Ghr is expressed in a highly HSC-specific manner and is significantly upregulated during aging. Exposure of young and old HSCs to recombinant growth hormone ex vivo led to diminished short-term reconstitution and restored B-cell output from old HSCs. Hematopoietic-specific genetic deletion of Ghr neither impacted steady-state hematopoiesis nor serial transplantation potential. Repeat challenge with 5-fluorouracil showed that Ghr was dispensable for HSC activation and homeostatic recovery in vivo and, after challenge, Ghr-deficient HSCs functioned normally through serial transplantation. Although exogenous Gh induces age-dependent HSC effects, these results indicate that Ghr signaling appears largely dispensable for HSC function and aging.
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88
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Aging Impairs Long-Term Hematopoietic Regeneration after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:865-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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89
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Forsberg LA, Absher D, Dumanski JP. Republished: Non-heritable genetics of human disease: spotlight on post-zygotic genetic variation acquired during lifetime. Postgrad Med J 2014; 89:417-26. [PMID: 23781115 PMCID: PMC3711362 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-101322rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The heritability of most common, multifactorial diseases is rather modest and known genetic effects account for a small part of it. The remaining portion of disease aetiology has been conventionally ascribed to environmental effects, with an unknown part being stochastic. This review focuses on recent studies highlighting stochastic events of potentially great importance in human disease—the accumulation of post-zygotic structural aberrations with age in phenotypically normal humans. These findings are in agreement with a substantial mutational load predicted to occur during lifetime within the human soma. A major consequence of these results is that the genetic profile of a single tissue collected at one time point should be used with caution as a faithful portrait of other tissues from the same subject or the same tissue throughout life. Thus, the design of studies in human genetics interrogating a single sample per subject or applying lymphoblastoid cell lines may come into question. Sporadic disorders are common in medicine. We wish to stress the non-heritable genetic variation as a potentially important factor behind the development of sporadic diseases. Moreover, associations between post-zygotic mutations, clonal cell expansions and their relation to cancer predisposition are central in this context. Post-zygotic mutations are amenable to robust examination and are likely to explain a sizable part of non-heritable disease causality, which has routinely been thought of as synonymous with environmental factors. In view of the widespread accumulation of genetic aberrations with age and strong predictions of disease risk from such analyses, studies of post-zygotic mutations may be a fruitful approach for delineation of variants that are causative for common human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Anders Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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90
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Ellison GM, Smith AJ, Waring CD, Henning BJ, Burdina AO, Polydorou J, Vicinanza C, Lewis FC, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Adult Cardiac Stem Cells: Identity, Location and Potential. ADULT STEM CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9569-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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91
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Abstract
Tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity rely on rare populations of somatic stem cells endowed with the potential to self-renew and differentiate. During aging, many tissues show a decline in regenerative potential coupled with a loss of stem cell function. Cells including somatic stem cells have evolved a series of checks and balances to sense and repair cellular damage to maximize tissue function. However, during aging the mechanisms that protect normal cell function begin to fail. In this review, we will discuss how common cellular mechanisms that maintain tissue fidelity and organismal lifespan impact somatic stem cell function. We will highlight context-dependent changes and commonalities that define aging, by focusing on three age-sensitive stem cell compartments: blood, neural, and muscle. Understanding the interaction between extrinsic regulators and intrinsic effectors that operate within different stem cell compartments is likely to have important implications for identifying strategies to improve health span and treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjoon Jung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew S Brack
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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92
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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93
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Costa E, Fernandes J, Ribeiro S, Sereno J, Garrido P, Rocha-Pereira P, Coimbra S, Catarino C, Belo L, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Vala H, Alves R, Reis F, Santos-Silva A. Aging is Associated with Impaired Renal Function, INF-gamma Induced Inflammation and with Alterations in Iron Regulatory Proteins Gene Expression. Aging Dis 2013; 5:356-65. [PMID: 25489488 DOI: 10.14366/ad.2014.0500356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of anemia in elderly, by studying how aging affects renal function, iron metabolism, erythropoiesis and the inflammatory response, using an experimental animal model. The study was performed in male Wistar, a group of young rats with 2 months age and an old one with 18 months age. Old rats presented a significant higher urea, creatinine, interferon (INF)-gamma, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor serum levels, as well as increased counts of reticulocytes and RDW. In addition, these rats showed significant lower erythropoietin (EPO) and iron serum levels. Concerning gene expression of iron regulatory proteins, old rats presented significantly higher mRNA levels of hepcidin (Hamp), transferrin (TF), transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) and hemojuvelin (HJV); divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) mRNA levels were significantly higher in duodenal tissue; EPO gene expression was significantly higher in liver and lower in kidney, and the expression of the EPOR was significantly higher in both liver and kidney. Our results showed that aging is associated with impaired renal function, which could be in turn related with the inflammatory process and with a decline in EPO renal production. Moreover, we also propose that aging may be associated with INF-gamma-induced inflammation and with alterations upon iron regulatory proteins gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elísio Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Laboratório de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental, Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental, Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Garrido
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental, Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Centro Investigação Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; CESPU, Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Gandhinagar-PRD, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal ; Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rui Alves
- Departamento de Nefrologia, CHUC, Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental, Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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94
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95
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Martins PNA, Tullius SG, Markmann JF. Immunosenescence and immune response in organ transplantation. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 33:162-73. [PMID: 24127845 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.829469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system undergoes a complex and continuous remodeling with aging. Immunosenescence results into both quantitative and qualitative changes of specific cellular subpopulations that have major impact on allorecognition and alloresponse, and consequently on graft rejection and tolerance. Here, we are going to review the immunological changes associated with the aging process relevant for transplantation. Interventions to selectively target changes associated with the senescence process seem promising therapeutic strategies to improve transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ney Aguiar Martins
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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96
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Abstract
Age-related regression of the thymus is associated with a decline in naïve T cell output. This is thought to contribute to the reduction in T cell diversity seen in older individuals and linked with increased susceptibility to infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. Thymic involution is one of the most dramatic and ubiquitous changes seen in the aging immune system, but the mechanisms which underlying this process are poorly understood. However, a picture is emerging, implicating the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In this review we assess the role of the thymic microenvironment as a potential target that regulates thymic involution, question whether thymocyte development in the aged thymus is functionally impaired, and explore the kinetics of thymic involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Palmer
- Infection and Immunity Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London , London , UK
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97
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McCranor BJ, Langdon JM, Prince OD, Femnou LK, Berger AE, Cheadle C, Civin CI, Kim A, Rivera S, Ganz T, Vaulont S, Xue QL, Walston JD, Roy CN. Investigation of the role of interleukin-6 and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide in the development of anemia with age. Haematologica 2013; 98:1633-40. [PMID: 23996485 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.087114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is common in older adults and associated with adverse health outcomes in epidemiological studies. A thorough understanding of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms driving anemia in the elderly is lacking; but inflammation, iron restriction, and impaired erythroid maturation are thought to influence the phenotype. We hypothesized that interleukin-6 contributes to this anemia, given its pro-inflammatory activities, its ability to induce hepcidin antimicrobial peptide, and its negative impact on several tissues in older adults. We tested this hypothesis by comparing changes in indices of inflammation, iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in aged C57BL/6 mice to aged mice with targeted deletions of interleukin-6 or hepcidin antimicrobial peptide. Circulating neutrophil and monocyte numbers and inflammatory cytokines increased with age. Decline in hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell number indicated that C57BL/6, interleukin-6 knockout mice, and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide knockout mice all demonstrated impaired erythropoiesis by 24 months. However, the interleukin-6 knock out genotype and the hepcidin antimicrobial peptide knock out genotype resulted in improved erythropoiesis in aged mice. Increased erythropoietic activity in the spleen suggested that the erythroid compartment was stressed in aged C57BL/6 mice compared to aged interleukin-6 knockout mice. Our data suggest C57BL/6 mice are an appropriate mammalian model for the study of anemia with age. Furthermore, although interleukin-6 and hepcidin antimicrobial peptide are not required, they can participate in the development of anemia in aging mice, and could be targeted, pre-clinically, with existing interventions to determine the feasibility of such agents for the treatment of anemia in older adults.
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98
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A simple model system enabling human CD34(+) cells to undertake differentiation towards T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69572. [PMID: 23894504 PMCID: PMC3720953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Channelling the development of haematopoietic progenitor cells into T lymphocytes is dependent upon a series of extrinsic prompts whose temporal and spatial sequence is critical for a productive outcome. Simple models of human progenitor cells development depend in the main on the use of xenogeneic systems which may provide some limitations to development. Methods and Findings Here we provide evidence that a simple model system which utilises both human keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines arrayed on a synthetic tantalum coated matrix provides a permissive environment for the development of human CD34⁺ haematopoietic cells into mature CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the presence of Interleukin 7 (IL-7), Interleukin 15 (IL-15) and the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L). This system was used to compare the ability of CD34+ cells to produce mature thymocytes and showed that whilst these cells derived from cord blood were able to productively differentiate into thymocytes the system was not permissive for the development of CD34+ cells from adult peripheral blood. Conclusions/Significance Our study provides direct evidence for the capacity of human cord blood CD34+ cells to differentiate along the T lineage in a simple human model system. Productive commitment of the CD34⁺ cells to generate T cells was found to be dependent on a three-dimensional matrix which induced the up-regulation of the Notch delta-like ligand 4 (Dll-4) by epithelial cells.
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99
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Heinbokel T, Elkhal A, Liu G, Edtinger K, Tullius SG. Immunosenescence and organ transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2013; 27:65-75. [PMID: 23639337 PMCID: PMC3718545 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of elderly transplant recipients and a growing demand for organs from older donors impose pressing challenges on transplantation medicine. Continuous and complex modifications of the immune system in parallel to aging have a major impact on transplant outcome and organ quality. Both, altered alloimmune responses and increased immunogenicity of organs present risk factors for inferior patient and graft survival. Moreover, a growing body of knowledge on age-dependent modifications of allorecognition and alloimmune responses may require age-adapted immunosuppression and organ allocation. Here, we summarize relevant aspects of immunosenescence and their possible clinical impact on organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Heinbokel
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guangxiang Liu
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karoline Edtinger
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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100
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Su DM, Aw D, Palmer DB. Immunosenescence: a product of the environment? Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:498-503. [PMID: 23809359 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The major function of the immune system is to provide protection against pathogens, in order to prevent infections and potential death. However, with increasing age the immune system undergoes alterations culminating in a progressive deterioration in the ability to respond to infection and vaccination. The precise mechanisms associated with immunosenescence have not been fully elucidated although extensive analyses have suggested that intrinsic defects within immune cells are potentially involved. Despite the stromal niche playing a critical role in the development and activation of immune cells, the role of extrinsic factors within the microenvironment in immunosenescence is less well understood. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the aged microenvironment contributes significantly to the age-associated decline of immune function and additionally may offer a potential target for rejuvenating the immune system. Indeed, rejuvenation strategies which have targeted the thymic stromal microenvironment have proved to be successful in recovering thymic function in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Su
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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