51
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Kaliya-Perumal AK, Ingham PW. Musculoskeletal regeneration: A zebrafish perspective. Biochimie 2021; 196:171-181. [PMID: 34715269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries are common in humans. The cascade of cellular and molecular events following such injuries results either in healing with functional recovery or scar formation. While fibrotic scar tissue serves to bridge between injured planes, it undermines functional integrity. Hence, faithful regeneration is the most desired outcome; however, the potential to regenerate is limited in humans. In contrast, various non-mammalian vertebrates have fascinating capabilities of regenerating even an entire appendage following amputation. Among them, zebrafish is an important and accessible laboratory model organism, sharing striking similarities with mammalian embryonic musculoskeletal development. Moreover, clinically relevant muscle and skeletal injury zebrafish models recapitulate mammalian regeneration. Upon muscle injury, quiescent stem cells - known as satellite cells - become activated, proliferate, differentiate and fuse to form new myofibres, while bone fracture results in a phased response involving hematoma formation, inflammation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation and remodelling. These models are well suited to testing gene- or pharmaco-therapy for the benefit of conditions like muscle tears and fractures. Insights from further studies on whole body part regeneration, a hallmark of the zebrafish model, have the potential to complement regenerative strategies to achieve faster and desired healing following injuries without any scar formation and, in the longer run, drive progress towards the realisation of large-scale regeneration in mammals. Here, we provide an overview of the basic mechanisms of musculoskeletal regeneration, highlight the key features of zebrafish as a regenerative model and outline the relevant studies that have contributed to the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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52
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Rosa JT, Witten PE, Huysseune A. Cells at the Edge: The Dentin-Bone Interface in Zebrafish Teeth. Front Physiol 2021; 12:723210. [PMID: 34690799 PMCID: PMC8526719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.723210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-producing osteoblasts and dentin-producing odontoblasts are closely related cell types, a result from their shared evolutionary history in the ancient dermal skeleton. In mammals, the two cell types can be distinguished based on histological characters and the cells’ position in the pulp cavity or in the tripartite periodontal complex. Different from mammals, teleost fish feature a broad diversity in tooth attachment modes, ranging from fibrous attachment to firm ankylosis to the underlying bone. The connection between dentin and jaw bone is often mediated by a collar of mineralized tissue, a part of the dental unit that has been termed “bone of attachment”. Its nature (bone, dentin, or an intermediate tissue type) is still debated. Likewise, there is a debate about the nature of the cells secreting this tissue: osteoblasts, odontoblasts, or yet another (intermediate) type of scleroblast. Here, we use expression of the P/Q rich secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein 5 (scpp5) to characterize the cells lining the so-called bone of attachment in the zebrafish dentition. scpp5 is expressed in late cytodifferentiation stage odontoblasts but not in the cells depositing the “bone of attachment”. nor in bona fide osteoblasts lining the supporting pharyngeal jaw bone. Together with the presence of the osteoblast marker Zns-5, and the absence of covering epithelium, this links the cells depositing the “bone of attachment” to osteoblasts rather than to odontoblasts. The presence of dentinal tubule-like cell extensions and the near absence of osteocytes, nevertheless distinguishes the “bone of attachment” from true bone. These results suggest that the “bone of attachment” in zebrafish has characters intermediate between bone and dentin, and, as a tissue, is better termed “dentinous bone”. In other teleosts, the tissue may adopt different properties. The data furthermore support the view that these two tissues are part of a continuum of mineralized tissues. Expression of scpp5 can be a valuable tool to investigate how differentiation pathways diverge between osteoblasts and odontoblasts in teleost models and help resolving the evolutionary history of tooth attachment structures in actinopterygians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Rosa
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Comparative, Adaptive and Functional Skeletal Biology (BIOSKEL), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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53
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Lin YF, Sam J, Evans T. Sirt1 promotes tissue regeneration in zebrafish through regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. iScience 2021; 24:103118. [PMID: 34622167 PMCID: PMC8479786 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an organellar stress signaling pathway that functions to detect and restore disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis. The UPRmt is involved in a wide range of physiological and disease conditions, including aging, stem cell maintenance, innate immunity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Here we report that the UPRmt is integral to zebrafish fin regeneration. Taking advantage of a novel zebrafish UPRmt reporter, we observed that UPRmt activation occurs in regenerating fin tissue shortly after injury. Through chemical and genetic approaches, we discovered that the Sirt1-UPRmt pathway, best known for its role in promoting lifespan extension, is crucial for fin regeneration. The metabolism of NAD+ is an important contributor to Sirt1 activity in this context. We propose that Sirt1 activation induces mitochondrial biogenesis in injured fin tissue, which leads to UPRmt activation and promotes tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, LC-708, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Sam
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, LC-708, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, LC-708, New York, NY 10065, USA
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54
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Allanki S, Strilic B, Scheinberger L, Onderwater YL, Marks A, Günther S, Preussner J, Kikhi K, Looso M, Stainier DYR, Reischauer S. Interleukin-11 signaling promotes cellular reprogramming and limits fibrotic scarring during tissue regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6497. [PMID: 34516874 PMCID: PMC8442930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Damage-induced fibrotic scarring limits tissue regeneration in mammals and is a leading cause of morbidity. In contrast, species like zebrafish can regenerate damaged tissues without excessive fibrosis. However, whether specific signaling pathways can both limit fibrosis and promote regeneration is unclear. Here, we show that interleukin-11 (Il-11)/Stat3 signaling has such a dual function. Zebrafish lacking Il-11 receptor function display severely compromised heart, fin, and scale regeneration. Deep phenotyping and transcriptional analysis of adult hearts and fins show that Il-11 signaling drives cellular reprogramming to orchestrate global and tissue-specific regenerative programs and broadly antagonizes hallmarks of adult mammalian scarring. Mechanistically, our data indicate that IL-11 signaling in endothelial cells antagonizes profibrotic transforming growth factor–β signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, limiting scarring and promoting cardiomyocyte repopulation, after injury. Overall, our findings position damage-induced Il-11/Stat3 signaling in a key role limiting fibrosis and promoting regeneration, revealing novel targets for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Allanki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lilly Scheinberger
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yeszamin L. Onderwater
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alora Marks
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- Flow Cytometry Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
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55
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Choe CP, Choi SY, Kee Y, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Lee Y, Park HC, Ro H. Transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines that have revolutionized biomedical research. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:26. [PMID: 34496973 PMCID: PMC8424172 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its debut in the biomedical research fields in 1981, zebrafish have been used as a vertebrate model organism in more than 40,000 biomedical research studies. Especially useful are zebrafish lines expressing fluorescent proteins in a molecule, intracellular organelle, cell or tissue specific manner because they allow the visualization and tracking of molecules, intracellular organelles, cells or tissues of interest in real time and in vivo. In this review, we summarize representative transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines that have revolutionized biomedical research on signal transduction, the craniofacial skeletal system, the hematopoietic system, the nervous system, the urogenital system, the digestive system and intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Pyo Choe
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences and Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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56
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Dagenais P, Blanchoud S, Pury D, Pfefferli C, Aegerter-Wilmsen T, Aegerter CM, Jaźwińska A. Hydrodynamic stress and phenotypic plasticity of the zebrafish regenerating fin. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271142. [PMID: 34338301 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how extrinsic factors modulate genetically encoded information to produce a specific phenotype is of prime scientific interest. In particular, the feedback mechanism between abiotic forces and locomotory organs during morphogenesis to achieve efficient movement is a highly relevant example of such modulation. The study of this developmental process can provide unique insights on the transduction of cues at the interface between physics and biology. Here, we take advantage of the natural ability of adult zebrafish to regenerate their amputated fins to assess its morphogenic plasticity upon external modulations. Using a variety of surgical and chemical treatments, we could induce phenotypic responses to the structure of the fin. Through the ablation of specific rays in regenerating caudal fins, we generated artificially narrowed appendages in which the fin cleft depth and the positioning of rays bifurcations were perturbed compared with normal regenerates. To dissect the role of mechanotransduction in this process, we investigated the patterns of hydrodynamic forces acting on the surface of a zebrafish fin during regeneration by using particle tracking velocimetry on a range of biomimetic hydrofoils. This experimental approach enabled us to quantitatively compare hydrodynamic stress distributions over flapping fins of varying sizes and shapes. As a result, viscous shear stress acting on the distal margin of regenerating fins and the resulting internal tension are proposed as suitable signals for guiding the regulation of ray growth dynamics and branching pattern. Our findings suggest that mechanical forces are involved in the fine-tuning of the locomotory organ during fin morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Dagenais
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Blanchoud
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - David Pury
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Pfefferli
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tinri Aegerter-Wilmsen
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof M Aegerter
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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57
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Abstract
Species that can regrow their lost appendages have been studied with the ultimate aim of developing methods to enable human limb regeneration. These examinations highlight that appendage regeneration progresses through shared tissue stages and gene activities, leading to the assumption that appendage regeneration paradigms (e.g. tails and limbs) are the same or similar. However, recent research suggests these paradigms operate differently at the cellular level, despite sharing tissue descriptions and gene expressions. Here, collecting the findings from disparate studies, I argue appendage regeneration is context dependent at the cellular level; nonetheless, it requires (i) signalling centres, (ii) stem/progenitor cell types and (iii) a regeneration-permissive environment, and these three common cellular principles could be more suitable for cross-species/paradigm/age comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Aztekin
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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58
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Rivera-Villaseñor A, Higinio-Rodríguez F, Nava-Gómez L, Vázquez-Prieto B, Calero-Vargas I, Olivares-Moreno R, López-Hidalgo M. NMDA Receptor Hypofunction in the Aging-Associated Malfunction of Peripheral Tissue. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687121. [PMID: 34248675 PMCID: PMC8264581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission through NMDA receptors (NMDARs) is important for the function of peripheral tissues. In the bone, NMDARs and its co-agonist, D-serine participate in all the phases of the remodeling. In the vasculature, NMDARs exerts a tonic vasodilation decreasing blood perfusion in the corpus cavernosum and the filtration rate in the renal glomerulus. NMDARs are relevant for the skin turnover regulating the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and the formation of the cornified envelope (CE). The interference with NMDAR function in the skin leads to a slow turnover and repair. As occurs with the brain and cognitive functions, the manifestations of a hypofunction of NMDARs resembles those observed during aging. This raises the question if the deterioration of the glomerular vasculature, the bone remodeling and the skin turnover associated with age could be related with a hypofunction of NMDARs. Furthermore, the interference of D-serine and the effects of its supplementation on these tissues, suggest that a decrease of D-serine could account for this hypofunction pointing out D-serine as a potential therapeutic target to reduce or even prevent the detriment of the peripheral tissue associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rivera-Villaseñor
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Frida Higinio-Rodríguez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Nava-Gómez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Vázquez-Prieto
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isnarhazni Calero-Vargas
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica López-Hidalgo
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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59
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Yun MH. Salamander Insights Into Ageing and Rejuvenation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689062. [PMID: 34164403 PMCID: PMC8215543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhibiting extreme regenerative abilities which extend to complex organs and entire limbs, salamanders have long served as research models for understanding the basis of vertebrate regeneration. Yet these organisms display additional noteworthy traits, namely extraordinary longevity, indefinite regenerative potential and apparent lack of traditional signs of age-related decay or “negligible senescence.” Here, I examine existing studies addressing these features, highlight outstanding questions, and argue that salamanders constitute valuable models for addressing the nature of organismal senescence and the interplay between regeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximina H Yun
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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60
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Stewart S, Le Bleu HK, Yette GA, Henner AL, Robbins AE, Braunstein JA, Stankunas K. longfin causes cis-ectopic expression of the kcnh2a ether-a-go-go K+ channel to autonomously prolong fin outgrowth. Development 2021; 148:dev199384. [PMID: 34061172 PMCID: PMC8217709 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organs stop growing to achieve a characteristic size and shape in scale with the body of an animal. Likewise, regenerating organs sense injury extents to instruct appropriate replacement growth. Fish fins exemplify both phenomena through their tremendous diversity of form and remarkably robust regeneration. The classic zebrafish mutant longfint2 develops and regenerates dramatically elongated fins and underlying ray skeleton. We show longfint2 chromosome 2 overexpresses the ether-a-go-go-related voltage-gated potassium channel kcnh2a. Genetic disruption of kcnh2a in cis rescues longfint2, indicating longfint2 is a regulatory kcnh2a allele. We find longfint2 fin overgrowth originates from prolonged outgrowth periods by showing Kcnh2a chemical inhibition during late stage regeneration fully suppresses overgrowth. Cell transplantations demonstrate longfint2-ectopic kcnh2a acts tissue autonomously within the fin intra-ray mesenchymal lineage. Temporal inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin indicates it likewise entirely acts late in regeneration to attenuate fin outgrowth. Epistasis experiments suggest longfint2-expressed Kcnh2a inhibits calcineurin output to supersede growth cessation signals. We conclude ion signaling within the growth-determining mesenchyme lineage controls fin size by tuning outgrowth periods rather than altering positional information or cell-level growth potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
| | - Heather K. Le Bleu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, Eugene, OR 97403-1210, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Yette
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, Eugene, OR 97403-1210, USA
| | - Astra L. Henner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
| | - Amy E. Robbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, Eugene, OR 97403-1210, USA
| | - Joshua A. Braunstein
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, Eugene, OR 97403-1210, USA
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61
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Liu Y, Lou WPK, Fei JF. The engine initiating tissue regeneration: does a common mechanism exist during evolution? CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 33817749 PMCID: PMC8019671 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A successful tissue regeneration is a very complex process that requires a precise coordination of many molecular, cellular and physiological events. One of the critical steps is to convert the injury signals into regeneration signals to initiate tissue regeneration. Although many efforts have been made to investigate the mechanisms triggering tissue regeneration, the fundamental questions remain unresolved. One of the major obstacles is that the injury and the initiation of regeneration are two highly coupled processes and hard to separate from one another. In this article, we review the major events occurring at the early injury/regeneration stage in a range of species, and discuss the possible common mechanisms during initiation of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wilson Pak-Kin Lou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ji-Feng Fei
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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62
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Gao J, Fan L, Zhao L, Su Y. The interaction of Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in vertebrate regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 33791915 PMCID: PMC8012441 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is an evolutionarily conserved process in animal kingdoms, however, the regenerative capacities differ from species and organ/tissues. Mammals possess very limited regenerative potential to replace damaged organs, whereas non-mammalian species usually have impressive abilities to regenerate organs. The regeneration process requires proper spatiotemporal regulation from key signaling pathways. The canonical Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, two fundamental signals guiding animal development, have been demonstrated to play significant roles in the regeneration of vertebrates. In recent years, increasing evidence has implicated the cross-talking between Notch and Wnt signals during organ regeneration. In this review, we summarize the roles of Notch signaling and Wnt signaling during several representative organ regenerative events, emphasizing the functions and molecular bases of their interplay in these processes, shedding light on utilizing these two signaling pathways to enhance regeneration in mammals and design legitimate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Gao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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63
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Bek JW, De Clercq A, De Saffel H, Soenens M, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Coucke PJ, Willaert A. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins: a versatile tool in zebrafish skeletal imaging. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1007-1017. [PMID: 32242924 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequently applied techniques in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research is the visualisation or manipulation of specific cell populations using transgenic reporter lines. The generation of these transgenic zebrafish, displaying cell- or tissue-specific expression of frequently used fluorophores such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry, is relatively easy using modern techniques. Fluorophores with different emission wavelengths and driven by different promoters can be monitored simultaneously in the same animal. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (pcFPs) are different from these standard fluorophores because their emission spectrum is changed when exposed to UV light, a process called photoconversion. Here, the benefits and versatility of using pcFPs for both single and dual fluorochrome imaging in zebrafish skeletal research in a previously generated osx:Kaede transgenic line are illustrated. In this line, Kaede, which is expressed under control of the osterix, otherwise known as sp7, promoter thereby labelling immature osteoblasts, can switch from green to red fluorescence upon irradiation with UV light. First, this study demonstrates that osx:Kaede exhibits an expression pattern similar to a previously described osx:nuGFP transgenic line in both larval and adult stages, hereby validating the use of this line for the imaging of immature osteoblasts. More in-depth experiments highlight different applications for osx:Kaede, such as lineage tracing and its combined use with in vivo skeletal staining and other transgenic backgrounds. Mineral staining in combination with osx:Kaede confirms osteoblast-independent mineralisation of the notochord. Osteoblast lineage tracing reveals migration and dedifferentiation of scleroblasts during fin regeneration. Finally, this study shows that combining two transgenics, osx:Kaede and osc:GFP, with similar emission wavelengths is possible when using a pcFP such as Kaede.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Bek
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Soenens
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Keil S, Gupta M, Brand M, Knopf F. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in the regenerating zebrafish fin. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1368-1380. [PMID: 33638212 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) expression is found in many animal tissues and regulates growth factor signaling such as of Fibroblast growth factors (Fgf), Wingless/Int (Wnt) and Hedgehog (HH). Glypicans, which are GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchored proteins, and transmembrane-anchored syndecans represent two major HSPG protein families whose involvement in development and disease has been demonstrated. Their participation in regenerative processes both of the central nervous system and of regenerating limbs is well documented. However, whether HSPG are expressed in regenerating zebrafish fins, is currently unknown. RESULTS Here, we carried out a systematic screen of glypican and syndecan mRNA expression in regenerating zebrafish fins during the outgrowth phase. We find that 8 of the 10 zebrafish glypicans and the three known zebrafish syndecans show specific expression at 3 days post amputation. Expression is found in different domains of the regenerate, including the distal and lateral basal layers of the wound epidermis, the distal most blastema and more proximal blastema regions. CONCLUSIONS HSPG expression is prevalent in regenerating zebrafish fins. Further research is needed to delineate the function of glypican and syndecan action during zebrafish fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Keil
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Merus N.V, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Brand
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Vimalraj S, Yuvashree R, Hariprabu G, Subramanian R, Murali P, Veeraiyan DN, Thangavelu L. Zebrafish as a potential biomaterial testing platform for bone tissue engineering application: A special note on chitosan based bioactive materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:379-395. [PMID: 33556401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials function as an essential aspect of tissue engineering and have a profound impact on cell growth and subsequent tissue regeneration. The development of new biomaterials requires a potential platform to understand the host-biomaterial interaction, which is crucial for successful biomaterial implantation. Biomaterials analyzed in rodent models for in vivo research are cost-effective but tedious, and the practice has many technical difficulties. As an alternative, zebrafish provide an excellent biomaterial testing platform over the current rodent models. During growth and recovery, zebrafish bone morphogenesis shows a variety of inductive signals involved in the cycle that are close to those influencing differentiation of bone and cartilage in mammals, including humans. This platform is cheap, optically transparent, quick to change genes, and provides reliable reproducibility on short life cycles. Chitosan is a well-known biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering. In view of its documented use in bone regeneration, the biological characterization of chitosan-based bioactive materials in the zebrafish model has been featured in an outstanding note. We, therefore, outlined this review of the zebrafish as a potential in vivo research model for the rapid characterization of the biological properties of new biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India; Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Gopal Hariprabu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palraju Murali
- Department of Zoology, N.M.S.S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Nagamalai, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy Veeraiyan
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhong Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Chen W, Li S, Lv X, Luo S. Predicting and Exploring the Mechanisms of Erzhi Pill in Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Zebrafish Experiments. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:817-827. [PMID: 33658763 PMCID: PMC7917472 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s293455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Erzhi Pill (EZP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been widely applied to improve bone metabolism and treat osteoporosis (OP) in China. However, its effective constituents and mechanisms remain unclear. Methods By combining network pharmacology and zebrafish experiments, an integrative method was employed to address this problem. Firstly, the disease targets of OP were collected from two public gene databases. Secondly, the active compounds and drug targets of EZP were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). Thirdly, a drug-target-disease interaction network was constructed, and the key active components were identified by analyzing the topological characteristics of the network. Finally, these predicted results were tested by zebrafish experiments and compared with those from the literature. Specifically, quercetin as an important representative active component of EZP was applied to wild type and transgenic zebrafish larvae to assess its effects on skull mineralization and osteoplastic differentiation. Results Our study identified 72 active compounds, 220 targets and 166 signaling pathways probably involved in the prevention and treatment of OP by EZP, wherein quercetin, apigenin, daidzein, luteolin, ursolic acid and kaempferol could be the key compounds, while PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway could be the key signaling pathways. The experiments indicated that quercetin attenuated both the decrease of skull mineralization and the inhibition of skull osteoplastic differentiation in zebrafish larvae trigged by dexamethasone. Conclusion Our study not only investigated potentially effective constituents and mechanisms of EZP in the prevention and treatment of OP, but also provided a reference for the in-depth research, development and application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shiying Luo Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2 East Wenming Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13763058766Fax +86 7592388588 Email
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Bohns FR, Shih Y, Chuang Y, Akhtar R, Chen P. Influence of Prednisolone and Alendronate on the de novo Mineralization of Zebrafish Caudal Fin. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10435. [PMID: 33615104 PMCID: PMC7872341 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated balance between bone resorption and formation mediates the onset and progression of osteoporosis. The administration of prednisolone is known to induce osteoporosis, whereas alendronate is commonly used to reverse the process. However, the assessment of the effects of such medicines on the nanostructure of bone remodeling and mechanical properties remains a major technical challenge. The aim of this study was to apply various analytical approaches to evaluate the compositional, morphological, and mechanical properties of regenerative zebrafish caudal fin bony rays affected by prednisolone and alendronate. Adult wild-type AB strain zebrafish were first exposed to 125μM of prednisolone for 14 days to develop glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Fish fins were then amputated and let to regenerate for 21 days in tank water containing 30μM of alendronate or no alendronate. The lepidotrichia in the proximal and distal regions were evaluated separately using confocal microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and a triboindenter. As expected, prednisolone led to significant osteoporotic phenotypes. A decrease of Ca/P ratio was observed in the osteoporotic subjects (1.46 ± 0.04) as compared to the controls (1.74 ± 0.10). Subsequent treatment of alendronate overmineralized the bony rays during regeneration. Enhanced phosphate deposition was detected in the proximal part with alendronate treatment. Moreover, prednisolone attenuated the reduced elastic modulus and hardness levels (5.60 ± 5.04 GPa and 0.12 ± 0.17 GPa, respectively), whereas alendronate recovered them to the pre-amputation condition (8.68 ± 8.74 GPa and 0.34 ± 0.47 GPa, respectively). As an emerging model of osteoporosis, regrowth of zebrafish caudal fin was shown to be a reliable assay system to investigate the various effects of medicines in the de novo mineralization process. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rocha Bohns
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. ProgramNational Tsing Hua University 101HsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yann‐Rong Shih
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Jen Chuang
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Po‐Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
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Daponte V, Tylzanowski P, Forlino A. Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? Cells 2021; 10:cells10020242. [PMID: 33513779 PMCID: PMC7911911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regenerate amputated or injured tissues and organs is a fascinating property shared by several invertebrates and, interestingly, some vertebrates. The mechanism of evolutionary loss of regeneration in mammals is not understood, yet from the biomedical and clinical point of view, it would be very beneficial to be able, at least partially, to restore that capability. The current availability of new experimental tools, facilitating the comparative study of models with high regenerative ability, provides a powerful instrument to unveil what is needed for a successful regeneration. The present review provides an updated overview of multiple aspects of appendage regeneration in three vertebrates: lizard, salamander, and zebrafish. The deep investigation of this process points to common mechanisms, including the relevance of Wnt/β-catenin and FGF signaling for the restoration of a functional appendage. We discuss the formation and cellular origin of the blastema and the identification of epigenetic and cellular changes and molecular pathways shared by vertebrates capable of regeneration. Understanding the similarities, being aware of the differences of the processes, during lizard, salamander, and zebrafish regeneration can provide a useful guide for supporting effective regenerative strategies in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Daponte
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987235
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Fabricating a novel HLC-hBMP2 fusion protein for the treatment of bone defects. J Control Release 2021; 329:270-285. [PMID: 33278483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Treating serious bone trauma with an osteo-inductive agent such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) has been considered as an optimized option when delivered via a collagen sponge (CS). Previous works have shown that the BMP concentration and release rate from approved CS carriers is difficult to control with precision. Here we presented the fabrication of a recombinant fusion protein from recombinant human-like collagen (HLC) and human BMP-2 (hBMP2). The fusion protein preserved the characteristic of HLC allowing the recombinant protein to be expressed in Yeast (such as Pichia pastoris GS115) and purified rapidly and easily with mass production after methanol induction. It also kept the stable properties of HLC and hBMP2 in the body fluid environment with good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the recombinant fusion protein fabricated a vertical through-hole structure with improved mechanical properties, and thus facilitated migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the fusion materials. Furthermore, the fusion protein degraded and released hBMP-2 in vivo allowing osteoinductive activity and the enhancement of utilization rate and the precise control of the hBMP2 release. This fusion protein when applied to cranial defects in rats was osteoinductively active and improved bone repairing enhancing the repairing rate 3.5- fold and 4.2- fold when compared to the HLC alone and the control, respectively. There were no visible inflammatory reactions, infections or extrusions around the implantation sites observed. Our data strongly suggests that this novel recombinant fusion protein could be more beneficial in the treatment of bone defects than the simple superposition of the hBMP2/collagen sponge.
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Tsata V, Möllmert S, Schweitzer C, Kolb J, Möckel C, Böhm B, Rosso G, Lange C, Lesche M, Hammer J, Kesavan G, Beis D, Guck J, Brand M, Wehner D. A switch in pdgfrb + cell-derived ECM composition prevents inhibitory scarring and promotes axon regeneration in the zebrafish spinal cord. Dev Cell 2021; 56:509-524.e9. [PMID: 33412105 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, perivascular cell-derived scarring after spinal cord injury impedes axonal regrowth. In contrast, the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the spinal lesion site of zebrafish is permissive and required for axon regeneration. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this interspecies difference have not been investigated. Here, we show that an injury to the zebrafish spinal cord triggers recruitment of pdgfrb+ myoseptal and perivascular cells in a PDGFR signaling-dependent manner. Interference with pdgfrb+ cell recruitment or depletion of pdgfrb+ cells inhibits axonal regrowth and recovery of locomotor function. Transcriptional profiling and functional experiments reveal that pdgfrb+ cells upregulate expression of axon growth-promoting ECM genes (cthrc1a and col12a1a/b) and concomitantly reduce synthesis of matrix molecules that are detrimental to regeneration (lum and mfap2). Our data demonstrate that a switch in ECM composition is critical for axon regeneration after spinal cord injury and identify the cellular source and components of the growth-promoting lesion ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Developmental Biology, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kolb
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Conrad Möckel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Böhm
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Lange
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Hammer
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Is zebrafish heart regeneration "complete"? Lineage-restricted cardiomyocytes proliferate to pre-injury numbers but some fail to differentiate in fibrotic hearts. Dev Biol 2020; 471:106-118. [PMID: 33309949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish are frequently described to be able to "completely" regenerate the heart. Yet, the extent to which cardiomyocytes lost to injury are replaced is unknown, since existing evidence for cardiomyocyte proliferation is indirect or non-quantitative. We established stereological methods to quantify the number of cardiomyocytes at several time-points post cryoinjury. Intriguingly, after cryoinjuries that killed about 1/3 of the ventricular cardiomyocytes, pre-injury cardiomyocyte numbers were restored already within 30 days. Yet, many hearts retained small residual scars, and a subset of cardiomyocytes bordering these fibrotic areas remained smaller, lacked differentiated sarcomeric structures, and displayed defective calcium signaling. Thus, a subset of regenerated cardiomyocytes failed to fully mature. While lineage-tracing experiments have shown that regenerating cardiomyocytes are derived from differentiated cardiomyocytes, technical limitations have previously made it impossible to test whether cardiomyocyte trans-differentiation contributes to regeneration of non-myocyte cell lineages. Using Cre responder lines that are expressed in all major cell types of the heart, we found no evidence for cardiomyocyte transdifferentiation into endothelial, epicardial, fibroblast or immune cell lineages. Overall, our results imply a refined answer to the question whether zebrafish can completely regenerate the heart: in response to cryoinjury, preinjury cardiomyocyte numbers are indeed completely regenerated by proliferation of lineage-restricted cardiomyocytes, while restoration of cardiomyocyte differentiation and function, as well as resorption of scar tissue, is less robustly achieved.
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Lebedeva L, Zhumabayeva B, Gebauer T, Kisselev I, Aitasheva Z. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a Model for Understanding the Process of Caudal Fin Regeneration. Zebrafish 2020; 17:359-372. [PMID: 33259770 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After its introduction for scientific investigation in the 1950s, the cypriniform zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become a valuable model for the study of regenerative processes and mechanisms. Zebrafish exhibit epimorphic regeneration, in which a nondifferentiated cell mass formed after amputation is able to fully regenerate lost tissue such as limbs, heart muscle, brain, retina, and spinal cord. The process of limb regeneration in zebrafish comprises several stages characterized by the activation of specific signaling pathways and gene expression. We review current research on key factors in limb regeneration using zebrafish as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lebedeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Beibitgul Zhumabayeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Tatyana Gebauer
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ilya Kisselev
- Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zaure Aitasheva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
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74
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Feng X, Jia Y, Zhu R, Li K, Guan Z, Chen Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of scaled and scaleless skins in Gymnocypris eckloni provides insights into the molecular mechanism of scale degeneration. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:835. [PMID: 33246415 PMCID: PMC7694923 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The scale degeneration is thought to be related to the adaptation to the extreme environment with cold climate and high-altitude in schizothoracine fishes. Gymnocypris eckloni, a schizothoracine fish living in plateau waters with the elevation above 2500 m, is nearly esquamate and only covered with shoulder scales and anal scales, making it a good model species to study the molecular mechanism of scale degeneration. Results The transcriptomes of shoulder scaled skins (SSS), anal scaled skins (ASS) and scaleless skins (NSS) were sequenced and analyzed in G. eckloni at the age of 1 year. Histological examination showed that shoulder scale had completed its differentiation and anal scale just initiated the differentiation. A total of 578,046 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptomes, with 407,799 unigenes annotated in public databases. A total of 428 and 142 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified between SSS and NSS, and between ASS and NSS, respectively, with 45 DEUs that were overlapped. Annotation analysis indicated that these DEUs were mainly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways associated with bone and muscle formation, such as myofibril, contractile fiber, cytoskeletal protein binding, muscle structure development, cardiac muscle contraction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and calcium signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results would provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of scale degeneration in G. eckloni and other congeneric fishes. In addition, the transcriptome data provides candidate genes and markers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Feng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yintao Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kemao Li
- QingHai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, 810012, China
| | - Zhongzhi Guan
- QingHai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, 810012, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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75
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Storer MA, Miller FD. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate mammalian digit tip regeneration. Open Biol 2020; 10:200194. [PMID: 32993414 PMCID: PMC7536070 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Digit tip regeneration is one of the few examples of true multi-tissue regeneration in an adult mammal. The key step in this process is the formation of the blastema, a transient proliferating cell mass that generates the different cell types of the digit to replicate the original structure. Failure to form the blastema results in a lack of regeneration and has been postulated to be the reason why mammalian limbs cannot regrow following amputation. Understanding how the blastema forms and functions will help us to determine what is required for mammalian regeneration to occur and will provide insights into potential therapies for mammalian tissue regeneration and repair. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that influence murine blastema formation and govern digit tip regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekayla A Storer
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Freda D Miller
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1A8.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1A8.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1A8
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76
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Niu X, Subramanian A, Hwang TH, Schilling TF, Galloway JL. Tendon Cell Regeneration Is Mediated by Attachment Site-Resident Progenitors and BMP Signaling. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3277-3292.e5. [PMID: 32649909 PMCID: PMC7484193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is a striking example of how cell identity and position is coordinated across multiple tissues to ensure function. However, it is unclear upon tissue loss, such as complete loss of cells of a central musculoskeletal connecting tendon, whether neighboring tissues harbor progenitors capable of mediating regeneration. Here, using a zebrafish model, we genetically ablate all embryonic tendon cells and find complete regeneration of tendon structure and pattern. We identify two regenerative progenitor populations, sox10+ perichondrial cells surrounding cartilage and nkx2.5+ cells surrounding muscle. Surprisingly, laser ablation of sox10+ cells, but not nkx2.5+ cells, increases tendon progenitor number in the perichondrium, suggesting a mechanism to regulate attachment location. We find BMP signaling is active in regenerating progenitor cells and is necessary and sufficient for generating new scxa+ cells. Our work shows that muscle and cartilage connective tissues harbor progenitor cells capable of fully regenerating tendons, and this process is regulated by BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Arul Subramanian
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tyler H Hwang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas F Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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77
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Dambroise E, Ktorza I, Brombin A, Abdessalem G, Edouard J, Luka M, Fiedler I, Binder O, Pelle O, Patton EE, Busse B, Menager M, Sohm F, Legeai-Mallet L. Fgfr3 Is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblast Expansion and Differentiation During Zebrafish Skull Vault Development. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1782-1797. [PMID: 32379366 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gain or loss-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in cranial vault defects highlighting the protein's role in membranous ossification. Zebrafish express high levels of fgfr3 during skull development; in order to study FGFR3's role in cranial vault development, we generated the first fgfr3 loss-of-function zebrafish (fgfr3lof/lof ). The mutant fish exhibited major changes in the craniofacial skeleton, with a lack of sutures, abnormal frontal and parietal bones, and the presence of ectopic bones. Integrated analyses (in vivo imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing of the osteoblast lineage) of zebrafish fgfr3lof/lof revealed a delay in osteoblast expansion and differentiation, together with changes in the extracellular matrix. These findings demonstrate that fgfr3 is a positive regulator of osteogenesis. We conclude that changes in the extracellular matrix within growing bone might impair cell-cell communication, mineralization, and new osteoblast recruitment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dambroise
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Ktorza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ghaith Abdessalem
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Joanne Edouard
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Imke Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Binder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Pelle
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mickaël Menager
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Sohm
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France.,Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, University of Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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78
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Tarasco M, Cordelières FP, Cancela ML, Laizé V. ZFBONE: An ImageJ toolset for semi-automatic analysis of zebrafish bone structures. Bone 2020; 138:115480. [PMID: 32534223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen an increased interest in the discovery of compounds with bone anabolic activity to treat skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and increase the well-being of patients. Due to the many technical advantages over classical rodent systems, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used in screening pipelines, in particular those aiming at identifying osteoactive compounds with pharmacological potential. Because compound osteoactivity is mostly determined in zebrafish through the morphometric analysis of bone structures, image analysis, rather than screening assay implementation, molecule availability and image acquisition, represents a bottleneck to the screening throughput. The absence of auto/semi-automatic tools for image analysis of fish bone structures is also a limitation to a broader usage of zebrafish screening pipelines. We present here ZFBONE (for ZebraFish BONE), an open-source, freely available, user-friendly, rapid and reliable toolset, aiming at accelerating image analysis by automating the morphometric assessment of zebrafish bone structures, but also at increasing data accuracy by reducing operator bias. Tools included in ZFBONE allow users to assess, from 2D images, morphometric parameters of several bone structures (e.g. operculum, caudal fin rays and scales) but also the extent and the intensity of bone-specific colorations. ZFBONE has been developed using the open-source ImageJ software, to make it available to the whole zebrafish research community, but also to have it easily modifiable according to user demands. ZFBONE can also be used toward the standardization of zebrafish screening protocols in academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS - University of Bordeaux - US4 INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Algarve Biomedical Centre and Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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79
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Abstract
Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace lost or damaged tissue, and regenerative capacity can vary greatly among species, tissues and life stages. Tissue regeneration shares certain hallmarks of embryonic development, in that lineage-specific factors can be repurposed upon injury to initiate morphogenesis; however, many differences exist between regeneration and embryogenesis. Recent studies of regenerating tissues in laboratory model organisms - such as acoel worms, frogs, fish and mice - have revealed that chromatin structure, dedicated enhancers and transcriptional networks are regulated in a context-specific manner to control key gene expression programmes. A deeper mechanistic understanding of the gene regulatory networks of regeneration pathways might ultimately enable their targeted reactivation as a means to treat human injuries and degenerative diseases. In this Review, we consider the regeneration of body parts across a range of tissues and species to explore common themes and potentially exploitable elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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80
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Cavanah P, Itou J, Rusman Y, Tahara N, Williams JM, Salomon CE, Kawakami Y. A nontoxic fungal natural product modulates fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae upstream of FGF-WNT developmental signaling. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:160-174. [PMID: 32857425 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regeneration of larvae zebrafish fin emerged as a new model of regeneration in the last decade. In contrast to genetic tools to study fin regeneration, chemical probes to modulate and interrogate regeneration processes are not well developed. RESULTS We set up a zebrafish larvae fin regeneration assay system and tested activities of natural product compounds and extracts, prepared from various microbes. Colomitide C, a recently isolated product from a fungus obtained from Antarctica, inhibited larvae fin regeneration. Using fluorescent reporter transgenic lines, we show that colomitide C inhibited fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and WNT/β-catenin signaling, which were activated after larvae fin amputation. By using the endothelial cell reporter line and immunofluorescence, we showed that colomitide C did not affect migration of the blood vessel and nerve into the injured larvae fin. Colomitide C did not show any cytotoxic activities when tested against FGF receptor-amplified human cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION Colomitide C, a natural product, modulated larvae fin regeneration likely acting upstream of FGF and WNT signaling. Colomitide C may serve as a template for developing new chemical probes to study regeneration and other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cavanah
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Junji Itou
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yudi Rusman
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naoyuki Tahara
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica M Williams
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine E Salomon
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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81
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Valenti MT, Marchetto G, Mottes M, Dalle Carbonare L. Zebrafish: A Suitable Tool for the Study of Cell Signaling in Bone. Cells 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 32824602 PMCID: PMC7465296 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies using the zebrafish model organism have been performed. Zebrafish, providing genetic mutants and reporter transgenic lines, enable a great number of studies aiming at the investigation of signaling pathways involved in the osteoarticular system and at the identification of therapeutic tools for bone diseases. In this review, we will discuss studies which demonstrate that many signaling pathways are highly conserved between mammals and teleost and that genes involved in mammalian bone differentiation have orthologs in zebrafish. We will also discuss as human diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and Gaucher disease can be investigated in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Giulia Marchetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
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82
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Hou Y, Lee HJ, Chen Y, Ge J, Osman FOI, McAdow AR, Mokalled MH, Johnson SL, Zhao G, Wang T. Cellular diversity of the regenerating caudal fin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2084. [PMID: 32851162 PMCID: PMC7423392 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish faithfully regenerate their caudal fin after amputation. During this process, both differentiated cells and resident progenitors migrate to the wound site and undergo lineage-restricted, programmed cellular state transitions to populate the new regenerate. Until now, systematic characterizations of cells comprising the new regenerate and molecular definitions of their state transitions have been lacking. We hereby characterize the dynamics of gene regulatory programs during fin regeneration by creating single-cell transcriptome maps of both preinjury and regenerating fin tissues at 1/2/4 days post-amputation. We consistently identified epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic populations across all stages. We found common and cell type-specific cell cycle programs associated with proliferation. In addition to defining the processes of epithelial replenishment and mesenchymal differentiation, we also identified molecular signatures that could better distinguish epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations in fish. The insights for natural cell state transitions during regeneration point to new directions for studying this regeneration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Hou
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Hyung Joo Lee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jiaxin Ge
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Fujr Osman Ibrahim Osman
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Maryville University of St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Anthony R. McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Mayssa H. Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Stephen L. Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.Z.); (T.W.)
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83
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Thompson JD, Ou J, Lee N, Shin K, Cigliola V, Song L, Crawford GE, Kang J, Poss KD. Identification and requirements of enhancers that direct gene expression during zebrafish fin regeneration. Development 2020; 147:dev.191262. [PMID: 32665240 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To identify candidate tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) important for zebrafish fin regeneration, we performed ATAC-seq from bulk tissue or purified fibroblasts of uninjured and regenerating caudal fins. We identified tens of thousands of DNA regions from each sample type with dynamic accessibility during regeneration, and assigned these regions to proximal genes with corresponding expression changes by RNA-seq. To determine whether these profiles reveal bona fide TREEs, we tested the sufficiency and requirements of several sequences in stable transgenic lines and mutant lines with homozygous deletions. These experiments validated new non-coding regulatory sequences near induced and/or essential genes during fin regeneration, including fgf20a, mdka and cx43, identifying distinct domains of directed expression for each confirmed TREE. Whereas deletion of the previously identified LEN enhancer abolished detectable induction of the nearby leptin b gene during regeneration, deletions of enhancers linked to fgf20a, mdka and cx43 had no effect or partially reduced gene expression. Our study generates a new resource for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of appendage generation and reveals a range of requirements for individual TREEs in control of regeneration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Thompson
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nutishia Lee
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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84
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Lee S, Hesse R, Tamaki S, Garland C, Pomerantz JH. Human ARF Specifically Inhibits Epimorphic Regeneration in the Zebrafish Heart. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060666. [PMID: 32570883 PMCID: PMC7349231 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alternative Reading Frame (ARF) protein is a tumor suppressor encoded by the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A gene in mammals but not lower regenerative vertebrates, and has been previously implicated as a context-sensitive suppressor of regeneration in murine skeletal muscle and humanized ARF-expressing zebrafish fins. This study extends our investigation of the role of ARF in the regeneration of other solid tissues, including the zebrafish heart and the mammalian digit. Heart regeneration after cryoinjury was used to mimic massive myocardial infarction. ARF gene expression was upregulated during the cardiac regenerative process and slowed the rate of morphological recovery. ARF specifically impacts cardiomyocytes, neovascularization, and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition, while not affecting epicardial proliferation. This suggests that in the context of regeneration, ARF is specifically expressed in cells undergoing dedifferentiation. To investigate ARF as a suppressor of epimorphic regeneration in mammalian systems, we also tested whether the absence of ARF was permissive for murine digit regeneration, but found that ARF absence alone was insufficient to significantly alter digit restoration. These findings provide additional evidence that ARF suppresses epimorphic regeneration, but suggests that modulation of ARF alone is insufficient to permit regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Robert Hesse
- Department of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Department of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (R.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Catharine Garland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Jason H. Pomerantz
- Department of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence:
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85
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Midkine-a functions as a universal regulator of proliferation during epimorphic regeneration in adult zebrafish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232308. [PMID: 32530962 PMCID: PMC7292404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have the ability to regenerate damaged cells and tissues by activating quiescent stem and progenitor cells or reprogramming differentiated cells into regeneration-competent precursors. Proliferation among the cells that will functionally restore injured tissues is a fundamental biological process underlying regeneration. Midkine-a is a cytokine growth factor, whose expression is strongly induced by injury in a variety of tissues across a range of vertebrate classes. Using a zebrafish Midkine-a loss of function mutant, we evaluated regeneration of caudal fin, extraocular muscle and retinal neurons to investigate the function of Midkine-a during epimorphic regeneration. In wildtype zebrafish, injury among these tissues induces robust proliferation and rapid regeneration. In Midkine-a mutants, the initial proliferation in each of these tissues is significantly diminished or absent. Regeneration of the caudal fin and extraocular muscle is delayed; regeneration of the retina is nearly completely absent. These data demonstrate that Midkine-a is universally required in the signaling pathways that convert tissue injury into the initial burst of cell proliferation. Further, these data highlight differences in the molecular mechanisms that regulate epimorphic regeneration in zebrafish.
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86
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Kesavan G, Machate A, Hans S, Brand M. Cell-fate plasticity, adhesion and cell sorting complementarily establish a sharp midbrain-hindbrain boundary. Development 2020; 147:dev186882. [PMID: 32439756 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of sharp boundaries between groups of cells play a vital role during embryonic development as they serve to compartmentalize cells with similar fates. Some of these boundaries also act as organizers, with the ability to induce specific cell fates and morphogenesis in the surrounding cells. The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) is such an organizer: it acts as a lineage restriction boundary to prevent the intermingling of cells with different developmental fates. However, the mechanisms underlying the lineage restriction process remain unclear. Here, using novel fluorescent knock-in reporters, live imaging, Cre/lox-mediated lineage tracing, atomic force microscopy-based cell adhesion assays and mutant analysis, we analyze the process of lineage restriction at the MHB and provide mechanistic details. Specifically, we show that lineage restriction occurs by the end of gastrulation, and that the subsequent formation of sharp gene expression boundaries in the developing MHB occur through complementary mechanisms, i.e. cell-fate plasticity and cell sorting. Furthermore, we show that cell sorting at the MHB involves differential adhesion among midbrain and hindbrain cells that is mediated by N-cadherin and Eph-ephrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Machate
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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87
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Vijayakumar P, Cardeira J, Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML. Cells Isolated from Regenerating Caudal Fin of Sparus aurata Can Differentiate into Distinct Bone Cell Lineages. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:333-347. [PMID: 32080776 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Teleosts have the ability to regenerate their caudal fin upon amputation. A highly proliferative mass of undifferentiated cells called blastema forms beneath wound epidermis and differentiates to regenerate all missing parts of the fin. To date, the origin and fate of the blastema is not completely understood. However, current hypotheses suggest that the blastema is comprised of lineage-restricted dedifferentiated cells. To investigate the differentiation capacity of regenerating fin-derived cells, primary cultures were initiated from the explants of 2-days post-amputation (dpa) regenerates of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). These cells were subcultured for over 30 passages and were named as BSa2. After 10 passages they were characterized for their ability to differentiate towards different bone cell lineages and mineralize their extracellular matrix, through immunocytochemistry, histology, and RT-PCR. Exogenous DNA was efficiently delivered into these cells by nucleofection. Assessment of lineage-specific markers revealed that BSa2 cells were capable of osteo/chondroblastic differentiation. BSa2 cells were also found to be capable of osteoclastic differentiation, as demonstrated through TRAP-specific staining and pit resorption assay. Here, we describe the development of the first successful cell line viz., BSa2, from S. aurata 2-dpa regenerating caudal fins, which has the ability of multilineage differentiation and is capable of in vitro mineralization. The availability of such in vitro cell systems has the potential to stimulate research on the mechanisms of cell differentiation during fin regeneration and provide new insights into the mechanisms of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Vijayakumar
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 119, India.
| | - João Cardeira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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88
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Busse B, Galloway JL, Gray RS, Harris MP, Kwon RY. Zebrafish: An Emerging Model for Orthopedic Research. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:925-936. [PMID: 31773769 PMCID: PMC7162720 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing have transformed our ability to identify genetic variants associated with clinical disorders of the musculoskeletal system. However, the means to functionally validate and analyze the physiological repercussions of genetic variation have lagged behind the rate of genetic discovery. The zebrafish provides an efficient model to leverage genetic analysis in an in vivo context. Its utility for orthopedic research is becoming evident in regard to both candidate gene validation as well as therapeutic discovery in tissues such as bone, tendon, muscle, and cartilage. With the development of new genetic and analytical tools to better assay aspects of skeletal tissue morphology, mineralization, composition, and biomechanics, researchers are emboldened to systematically approach how the skeleton develops and to identify the root causes, and potential treatments, of skeletal disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:925-936, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529, Hamburg, Germany,all authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Jenna L. Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02114, United States of America,all authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Ryan S. Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, United States of America,all authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America.,all authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Ronald Y. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,all authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
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89
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Kakebeen AD, Chitsazan AD, Williams MC, Saunders LM, Wills AE. Chromatin accessibility dynamics and single cell RNA-Seq reveal new regulators of regeneration in neural progenitors. eLife 2020; 9:e52648. [PMID: 32338593 PMCID: PMC7250574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate appendage regeneration requires precisely coordinated remodeling of the transcriptional landscape to enable the growth and differentiation of new tissue, a process executed over multiple days and across dozens of cell types. The heterogeneity of tissues and temporally-sensitive fate decisions involved has made it difficult to articulate the gene regulatory programs enabling regeneration of individual cell types. To better understand how a regenerative program is fulfilled by neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the spinal cord, we analyzed pax6-expressing NPCs isolated from regenerating Xenopus tropicalis tails. By intersecting chromatin accessibility data with single-cell transcriptomics, we find that NPCs place an early priority on neuronal differentiation. Late in regeneration, the priority returns to proliferation. Our analyses identify Pbx3 and Meis1 as critical regulators of tail regeneration and axon organization. Overall, we use transcriptional regulatory dynamics to present a new model for cell fate decisions and their regulators in NPCs during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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90
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Schwarzer S, Asokan N, Bludau O, Chae J, Kuscha V, Kaslin J, Hans S. Neurogenesis in the inner ear: the zebrafish statoacoustic ganglion provides new neurons from a Neurod/Nestin-positive progenitor pool well into adulthood. Development 2020; 147:dev.176750. [PMID: 32165493 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate inner ear employs sensory hair cells and neurons to mediate hearing and balance. In mammals, damaged hair cells and neurons are not regenerated. In contrast, hair cells in the inner ear of zebrafish are produced throughout life and regenerate after trauma. However, it is unknown whether new sensory neurons are also formed in the adult zebrafish statoacoustic ganglion (SAG), the sensory ganglion connecting the inner ear to the brain. Using transgenic lines and marker analysis, we identify distinct cell populations and anatomical landmarks in the juvenile and adult SAG. In particular, we analyze a Neurod/Nestin-positive progenitor pool that produces large amounts of new neurons at juvenile stages, which transitions to a quiescent state in the adult SAG. Moreover, BrdU pulse chase experiments reveal the existence of a proliferative but otherwise marker-negative cell population that replenishes the Neurod/Nestin-positive progenitor pool at adult stages. Taken together, our study represents the first comprehensive characterization of the adult zebrafish SAG showing that zebrafish, in sharp contrast to mammals, display continued neurogenesis in the SAG well beyond embryonic and larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schwarzer
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nandini Asokan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Bludau
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeongeun Chae
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veronika Kuscha
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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91
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Kaji DA, Tan Z, Johnson GL, Huang W, Vasquez K, Lehoczky JA, Levi B, Cheah KS, Huang AH. Cellular Plasticity in Musculoskeletal Development, Regeneration, and Disease. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:708-718. [PMID: 31721278 PMCID: PMC7213644 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight themes from a recent workshop focused on "Plasticity of Cell Fate in Musculoskeletal Tissues" held at the Orthopaedic Research Society's 2019 annual meeting. Experts in the field provided examples of mesenchymal cell plasticity during normal musculoskeletal development, regeneration, and disease. A thorough understanding of the biology underpinning mesenchymal cell plasticity may offer a roadmap for promoting regeneration while attenuating pathologic differentiation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:708-718, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A. Kaji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC, NY, USA
| | - Zhijia Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gemma L. Johnson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wesley Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kaetlin Vasquez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica A. Lehoczky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC, NY, USA
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92
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Serowoky MA, Arata CE, Crump JG, Mariani FV. Skeletal stem cells: insights into maintaining and regenerating the skeleton. Development 2020; 147:147/5/dev179325. [PMID: 32161063 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) generate the progenitors needed for growth, maintenance and repair of the skeleton. Historically, SSCs have been defined as bone marrow-derived cells with inconsistent characteristics. However, recent in vivo tracking experiments have revealed the presence of SSCs not only within the bone marrow but also within the periosteum and growth plate reserve zone. These studies show that SSCs are highly heterogeneous with regard to lineage potential. It has also been revealed that, during digit tip regeneration and in some non-mammalian vertebrates, the dedifferentiation of osteoblasts may contribute to skeletal regeneration. Here, we examine how these research findings have furthered our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of SSCs that mediate skeletal maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Serowoky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Claire E Arata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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93
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Tingle CF, Magnuson B, Zhao Y, Heisel CJ, Kish PE, Kahana A. Paradoxical Changes Underscore Epigenetic Reprogramming During Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscle Regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4991-4999. [PMID: 31794598 PMCID: PMC6890397 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Genomic reprogramming and cellular dedifferentiation are critical to the success of de novo tissue regeneration in lower vertebrates such as zebrafish and axolotl. In tissue regeneration following injury or disease, differentiated cells must retain lineage while assuming a progenitor-like identity in order to repopulate the damaged tissue. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of programmed cellular dedifferentiation provides unique insights into the biology of stem cells and cancer and may lead to novel approaches for treating human degenerative conditions. Methods Using a zebrafish in vivo model of adult muscle regeneration, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) to characterize early changes in epigenetic signals, focusing on three well-studied histone modifications-histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), and histone H3 trimethylated or acetylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me3 and H3K27Ac, respectively). Results We discovered that zebrafish myocytes undergo a global, rapid, and transient program to drive genomic remodeling. The timing of these epigenetic changes suggests that genomic reprogramming itself represents a distinct sequence of events, with predetermined checkpoints, to generate cells capable of de novo regeneration. Importantly, we uncovered subsets of genes that maintain epigenetic marks paradoxical to changes in expression, underscoring the complexity of epigenetic reprogramming. Conclusions Within our model, histone modifications previously associated with gene expression act for the most part as expected, with exceptions suggesting that zebrafish chromatin maintains an easily editable state with a number of genes paradoxically marked for transcriptional activity despite downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Tingle
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Curtis J Heisel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Phillip E Kish
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alon Kahana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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94
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Lee HJ, Hou Y, Chen Y, Dailey ZZ, Riddihough A, Jang HS, Wang T, Johnson SL. Regenerating zebrafish fin epigenome is characterized by stable lineage-specific DNA methylation and dynamic chromatin accessibility. Genome Biol 2020; 21:52. [PMID: 32106888 PMCID: PMC7047409 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-1948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish can faithfully regenerate injured fins through the formation of a blastema, a mass of proliferative cells that can grow and develop into the lost body part. After amputation, various cell types contribute to blastema formation, where each cell type retains fate restriction and exclusively contributes to regeneration of its own lineage. Epigenetic changes that are associated with lineage restriction during regeneration remain underexplored. RESULTS We produce epigenome maps, including DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility, as well as transcriptomes, of osteoblasts and other cells in uninjured and regenerating fins. This effort reveals regeneration as a process of highly dynamic and orchestrated transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility changes, coupled with stably maintained lineage-specific DNA methylation. The epigenetic signatures also reveal many novel regeneration-specific enhancers, which are experimentally validated. Regulatory networks important for regeneration are constructed through integrative analysis of the epigenome map, and a knockout of a predicted upstream regulator disrupts normal regeneration, validating our prediction. CONCLUSION Our study shows that lineage-specific DNA methylation signatures are stably maintained during regeneration, and regeneration enhancers are preset as hypomethylated before injury. In contrast, chromatin accessibility is dynamically changed during regeneration. Many enhancers driving regeneration gene expression as well as upstream regulators of regeneration are identified and validated through integrative epigenome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joo Lee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zea Z Dailey
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aiyana Riddihough
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hyo Sik Jang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Stephen L Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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95
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Alibardi L. Immunogold labelling reveals intense distribution of hyaluronate in the regenerating fin blastema of the goldfish. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of Biology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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96
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Tonelli F, Bek JW, Besio R, De Clercq A, Leoni L, Salmon P, Coucke PJ, Willaert A, Forlino A. Zebrafish: A Resourceful Vertebrate Model to Investigate Skeletal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32849280 PMCID: PMC7416647 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools for addressing fundamental scientific questions about skeletal diseases and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Traditionally, mice have been the most common model organism in biomedical research, but their use is hampered by several limitations including complex generation, demanding investigation of early developmental stages, regulatory restrictions on breeding, and high maintenance cost. The zebrafish has been used as an efficient alternative vertebrate model for the study of human skeletal diseases, thanks to its easy genetic manipulation, high fecundity, external fertilization, transparency of rapidly developing embryos, and low maintenance cost. Furthermore, zebrafish share similar skeletal cells and ossification types with mammals. In the last decades, the use of both forward and new reverse genetics techniques has resulted in the generation of many mutant lines carrying skeletal phenotypes associated with human diseases. In addition, transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under bone cell- or pathway- specific promoters enable in vivo imaging of differentiation and signaling at the cellular level. Despite the small size of the zebrafish, many traditional techniques for skeletal phenotyping, such as x-ray and microCT imaging and histological approaches, can be applied using the appropriate equipment and custom protocols. The ability of adult zebrafish to remodel skeletal tissues can be exploited as a unique tool to investigate bone formation and repair. Finally, the permeability of embryos to chemicals dissolved in water, together with the availability of large numbers of small-sized animals makes zebrafish a perfect model for high-throughput bone anabolic drug screening. This review aims to discuss the techniques that make zebrafish a powerful model to investigate the molecular and physiological basis of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tonelli
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberta Besio
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Leoni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Forlino
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Mishra R, Sehring I, Cederlund M, Mulaw M, Weidinger G. NF-κB Signaling Negatively Regulates Osteoblast Dedifferentiation during Zebrafish Bone Regeneration. Dev Cell 2020; 52:167-182.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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98
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Multi-scale imaging and analysis identify pan-embryo cell dynamics of germlayer formation in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5753. [PMID: 31848345 PMCID: PMC6917746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of cell movements across spatio-temporal scales ensures precise positioning of organs during vertebrate gastrulation. Mechanisms governing such morphogenetic movements have been studied only within a local region, a single germlayer or in whole embryos without cell identity. Scale-bridging imaging and automated analysis of cell dynamics are needed for a deeper understanding of tissue formation during gastrulation. Here, we report pan-embryo analyses of formation and dynamics of all three germlayers simultaneously within a developing zebrafish embryo. We show that a distinct distribution of cells in each germlayer is established during early gastrulation via cell movement characteristics that are predominantly determined by their position in the embryo. The differences in initial germlayer distributions are subsequently amplified by a global movement, which organizes the organ precursors along the embryonic body axis, giving rise to the blueprint of organ formation. The tools and data are available as a resource for the community. The precise cell dynamics of early development have not yet been visualized. Here, the authors use custom 4-lens light sheet microscopy to image and analyze the dynamics of all three fluorescently labeled germlayers, yielding a comprehensive, pan-embryo description of early zebrafish gastrulation.
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99
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Draut H, Liebenstein T, Begemann G. New Insights into the Control of Cell Fate Choices and Differentiation by Retinoic Acid in Cranial, Axial and Caudal Structures. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E860. [PMID: 31835881 PMCID: PMC6995509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is an important regulator of chordate development. RA binds to nuclear RA receptors that control the transcriptional activity of target genes. Controlled local degradation of RA by enzymes of the Cyp26a gene family contributes to the establishment of transient RA signaling gradients that control patterning, cell fate decisions and differentiation. Several steps in the lineage leading to the induction and differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors and bone-producing osteogenic cells are controlled by RA. Changes to RA signaling activity have effects on the formation of the bones of the skull, the vertebrae and the development of teeth and regeneration of fin rays in fish. This review focuses on recent advances in these areas, with predominant emphasis on zebrafish, and highlights previously unknown roles for RA signaling in developmental processes.
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100
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Abstract
Regeneration is a remarkable phenomenon that has been the subject of awe and bafflement for hundreds of years. Although regeneration competence is found in highly divergent organisms throughout the animal kingdom, recent advances in tools used for molecular and genomic characterization have uncovered common genes, molecular mechanisms, and genomic features in regenerating animals. In this review we focus on what is known about how genome regulation modulates cellular potency during regeneration. We discuss this regulation in the context of complex tissue regeneration in animals, from Hydra to humans, with reference to ex vivo-cultured cell models of pluripotency when appropriate. We emphasize the importance of a detailed molecular understanding of both the mechanisms that regulate genomic output and the functional assays that assess the biological relevance of such molecular characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Duncan
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA;
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