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Association between obesity grade and the age of the first acute coronary syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 351:93-99. [PMID: 34864079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study evaluates how obesity grade is associated with age during the first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and examines the effect of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the age of first ACS in patients with severe obesity. METHODS We enrolled consecutive patients diagnosed with first episode of ACS between 2014 and 2019, and categorized them by body mass indices (BMI). Severe obesity was defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2. Independent variables affecting the age of first ACS were examined by linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1005 patients (mean age, 57.5 ± 12.3 years; 19.3% female) were included. Approximately 6% and 12% of obese patients and normal weight patients had no other risk factors. Patients with ACS with severe obesity were younger than those with ACS in the grade-I obesity, overweight, and normal-weight groups (52.8 ± 9.9 vs. 55.3 ± 10.9, 56.8 ± 11.4, and 61.4 ± 14.2, respectively, p < 0.001). BMI had a strong, inverse linear relationship with earlier age of first ACS. The number of patients with no risk factors was significantly high in normal-weight individuals compared with patients with severe obesity (11.6% vs 5.6%, p = 0.037). After adjusting for CV risk factors, patients with overweight, grade-I obesity, and severe obesity may experience first ACS sooner than those with normal-weight by 3.9, 6.1, and 7.7 years, respectively (p < 0.001). However, males and females with severe obesity without CV risk factors experienced the first ACS episode 16 and 22 years later than those with the highest number of risk factors, respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with severe obesity experience first ACS episode 7.7 years earlier than those with normal-weight. Absence of CV risk factors in people with obesity can improve the potential negative effect of obesity on the ACS age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04578964, 08 October 2020.
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Stephenson J, Smith CM, Kearns B, Haywood A, Bissell P. The association between obesity and quality of life: a retrospective analysis of a large-scale population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1990. [PMID: 34732156 PMCID: PMC8567540 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may be confounded by factors such as multimorbidity. The aim of the study was to explore this relationship, controlling for long-term conditions and other health, lifestyle and demographic factors in a general adult population. There was specific interest in the impact of high weight status, measured by body mass index (BMI) levels (obesity, morbid obesity) compared with individuals of normal weight. METHODS Health, lifestyle and demographic data were collected from 64,631 individuals aged 16 years and over registered in the Yorkshire Health Study; a long-term cohort study. Data were collected in 2 waves: from patients attending GP surgeries in the South Yorkshire region; and using online recruitment across the entire Yorkshire and Humber area. Univariable and multivariable regression methods were utilised to identify factors associated with HRQoL as measured by the EQ-5D summary score. Long-term conditions were tested as both covariates and mediating factors on the causal pathway between obesity and HRQoL. RESULTS Increasing levels of obesity are associated with reduced HRQoL, although this difference is negligible between those of normal weight and those who are overweight. Individuals with obesity and morbid obesity score 4.9 and 11.3 percentage points less on the EQ-5D summary scale respectively than those of normal weight. Concurrent physical, and particularly mental health-related long-term conditions are substantively related to HRQoL: those with 3 or more reported mental or physical health conditions score 29.8 and 14.6 percentage points less on the EQ-5D summary scale respectively than those with fewer conditions. Long-term conditions can be conceptualised as lying on the causal path between obesity and HRQoL, but there is weak evidence for a partial mediating relationship only. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, in agreement with the established literature we have found a clear inverse relationship between increasing weight status and decreasing HRQoL and confirmed the mediating role of long-term conditions in the reduction of HRQoL in people with obesity. Nevertheless, a high BMI remains independently related to HRQoL, suggesting that 'healthy people with obesity' may be in transition to an unhealthy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stephenson
- School of Human & Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - C M Smith
- School of Human & Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - B Kearns
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Haywood
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Bissell
- School of Human & Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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Martínez-Álvaro M, Zubiri-Gaitán A, Hernández P, Greenacre M, Ferrer A, Blasco A. Comprehensive functional core microbiome comparison in genetically obese and lean hosts under the same environment. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1246. [PMID: 34725460 PMCID: PMC8560826 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study provides an exhaustive comparison of the microbiome core functionalities (captured by 3,936 microbial gene abundances) between hosts with divergent genotypes for intramuscular lipid deposition. After 10 generations of divergent selection for intramuscular fat in rabbits and 4.14 phenotypic standard deviations (SD) of selection response, we applied a combination of compositional and multivariate statistical techniques to identify 122 cecum microbial genes with differential abundances between the lines (ranging from -0.75 to +0.73 SD). This work elucidates that microbial biosynthesis lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, lipoproteins, mucin components, and NADH reductases, amongst others, are influenced by the host genetic determination for lipid accretion in muscle. We also differentiated between host-genetically influenced microbial mechanisms regulating lipid deposition in body or intramuscular reservoirs, with only 28 out of 122 MGs commonly contributing to both. Importantly, the results of this study are of relevant interest for the efficient development of strategies fighting obesity.
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Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Residents of Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Chronic Dis 2021; 2021:9919443. [PMID: 34692822 PMCID: PMC8528588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem. There are a few data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Baoji city of western China, this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic features of overweight and obesity and explored influencing factors among Baoji adult residents. Methods A cross-sectional study, including 36,600 participants aged above 15 years, was carried out in Baoji city in 2018. Each participant's weight and height were measured, and demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 30.73% and 3.11%, respectively. Male had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (31.45% vs. 29.98%, P < 0.05) while female had a higher prevalence of obesity (3.50 vs. 2.74, P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, being married or living with a partner (OR = 1.266, P < 0.001), unemployed or retired (OR = 1.183, P < 0.001), former smokers (OR = 1.116, P < 0.05), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.410, P < 0.001), sleeping more than 10 hours (OR = 1.274, P < 0.001), and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, whereas people who lived in rural areas (R = 0.904, P < 0.001) or had a sufficient leisure time physical activity per week (R = 0.945, P < 0.05) were associated with a lower prevalence. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that demographic and behavioral factors play an important role in prevalence of overweight/obesity, which can support the implementation of interventions aimed at weight control and consequently prevention of related diseases in this population.
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Kramer KL, Campbell BC, Achenbach A, Hackman JV. Sex differences in adipose development in a hunter-gatherer population. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23688. [PMID: 34655448 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Humans are unusually sexually dimorphic in body composition, with adult females having on average nearly twice the fat mass as males. The development of adipose sex differences has been well characterized for children growing up in food-abundant environments, with less known about cross-cultural variation, particularly in populations without exposure to market foods, mechanized technologies, schooling, vaccination, or other medical interventions. METHODS To add to the existing cross-cultural data, we fit multiple growth curves to body composition and anthropometric data to describe adipose development for the Savanna Pumé, South American hunter-gatherers. RESULTS (1) Little evidence is found for an adiposity 'rebound' at the end of early childhood among either Savanna Pumé girls or boys. (2) Rather, fat deposition fluctuates during childhood, from age ~4 to ~9 years, with no appreciable accumulation until the onset of puberty, a pattern also observed among Congo Baka hunter-gatherers. (3) Body fat fluctuations are more pronounced for girls than boys. (4) The age of peak skeletal, weight, and adipose gains are staggered to a much greater extent among the Savanna Pumé compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference, suggesting this is an important developmental strategy in lean populations. CONCLUSION Documenting growth patterns under diverse preindustrial energetic conditions provides an important baseline for understanding sex differences in body fat emerging today under food abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin C Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan Achenbach
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joseph V Hackman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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O'Brien CJO, Haberman ER, Domingos AI. A Tale of Three Systems: Toward a Neuroimmunoendocrine Model of Obesity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:549-573. [PMID: 34613819 PMCID: PMC7614880 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is on the rise. What was once considered a simple disease of energy imbalance is now recognized as a complex condition perpetuated by neuro- and immunopathologies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms underlying obesity. We examine the pleiotropic effects of leptin action in addition to its established role in the modulation of appetite, and we discuss the neural circuitry mediating leptin action and how this is altered with obesity, both centrally (leptin resistance) and in adipose tissues (sympathetic neuropathy). Finally, we dissect the numerous causal and consequential roles of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity and highlight recent key studies demonstrating their direct role in organismal energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan J O O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Emma R Haberman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
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Chu DT, Singh V. Obesity and hypertension in Asia: Current status and challenges. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 15:100243. [PMID: 34528017 PMCID: PMC8353339 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Carlsson Petri KC, Hale PM, Hesse D, Rathor N, Mastrandrea LD. Liraglutide pharmacokinetics and exposure-response in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12799. [PMID: 33963681 PMCID: PMC8519033 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in adolescence presents a major public health challenge, often leading to obesity in adulthood with associated chronic disease. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to perform a population pharmacokinetic and exposure-response analysis of liraglutide by meta-analysis of data from trials conducted in children, adolescents and adults with obesity. METHODS The population pharmacokinetic analysis investigated the effect of covariates body weight, age group (children, adolescents and adults) and sex on liraglutide exposure in adolescents compared with previous results in adults. The exposure-response relationship of liraglutide for the change from baseline in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) was evaluated in adolescents and compared to that in adults. RESULTS Body weight was the main covariate affecting liraglutide exposure, with lower exposures at higher body weights, whereas age group was of no importance and sex was of little importance. An exposure-response relationship was demonstrated for liraglutide in both adolescents and adults as the decrease in BMI SDS from baseline increased in an exposure-dependent manner with increasing liraglutide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The population pharmacokinetic analysis supported similar liraglutide exposures in adolescents and adults; body weight was the most important covariate affecting exposure. An exposure-response relationship was established for liraglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula M. Hale
- Clinical Development, Medical & Regulatory AffairsNovo Nordisk IncPlainsboroNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dan Hesse
- Department of Medical & Science – Obesity and MetabolismNovo Nordisk A/SSøborgDenmark
| | - Naveen Rathor
- Department of Global Medical AffairsNovo Nordisk A/SSøborgDenmark
| | - Lucy D. Mastrandrea
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology/Diabetes, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
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Thompson MS, Dahari SI, Shamsuddin MS, Rashed AA, Sarbini SR. Effects of sago starch on body weight, food intake, caecum short chain fatty acids, adipose tissue, and hepatic lipid content of fat-induced Sprague Dawley rats. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.28.5.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sago starch which naturally contains high amount of resistant starch, comes to the attention due to its ability to confer health benefits as functional food i.e., prebiotic. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of sago starch consumption on body weight, satiation, caecum short chain fatty acids body, and hepatic lipid content on diet-induced obese rats for obesity management. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were fat-induced and divided into the obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Eight percent and sixteen percent resistant starch from sago and Hi-maize260 were incorporated into the standardised feed formulation. Food intake was weighed throughout the intervention period. The caecum sample was subjected to short chain fatty acids analysis using HPLC. Hepatic lipid content was measured using the Folch method. Both dosages of sago starch (8 and 16% SRS) promoted body weight loss with a reduction of food intake, which suggested satiety. No significant differences was observed in the production of lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate from the caecum sample. Both dosages of sago starch (8 and 16% SRS) also showed lower hepatic lipid content and visceral adipose tissue than the baseline and control groups. However, 8% sago starch showed the lowest hepatic lipid content in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Overall results demonstrated that sago starch has the potential as an obesity and overweightness control regime as it promotes satiety, lowers visceral adipose tissue, and reduces hepatic lipid content. Consumers should consider adding sago starch in their daily meals.
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Tan Y, Tam CC, Rolston M, Alves P, Chen L, Meng S, Hong H, Chang SKC, Yokoyama W. Quercetin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Restores Gut Microbiome in Mice on High-Fat Diets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081251. [PMID: 34439499 PMCID: PMC8389224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid that has been shown to have health-promoting capacities due to its potent antioxidant activity. However, the effect of chronic intake of quercetin on the gut microbiome and diabetes-related biomarkers remains unclear. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed HF or HF supplemented with 0.05% quercetin (HFQ) for 6 weeks. Diabetes-related biomarkers in blood were determined in mice fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with quercetin. Mice fed the HFQ diet gained less body, liver, and adipose weight, while liver lipid and blood glucose levels were also lowered. Diabetes-related plasma biomarkers insulin, leptin, resistin, and glucagon were significantly reduced by quercetin supplementation. In feces, quercetin supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The expression of genes Srebf1, Ppara, Cyp51, Scd1, and Fasn was downregulated by quercetin supplementation. These results indicated that diabetes biomarkers are associated with early metabolic changes accompanying obesity, and quercetin may ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (P.A.); (L.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Christina C. Tam
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Matt Rolston
- Host Microbe Systems Biology Core, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Priscila Alves
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (P.A.); (L.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ling Chen
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (P.A.); (L.C.); (W.Y.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shi Meng
- Nestlé R & D (China) Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Sam K. C. Chang
- Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory, Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, MS 39579, USA;
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (P.A.); (L.C.); (W.Y.)
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Li JC, Hall MA, Shalev I, Schreier HMC, Zarzar TG, Marcovici I, Putnam FW, Noll JG. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis attenuation and obesity risk in sexually abused females. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105254. [PMID: 34022589 PMCID: PMC8217375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) confers elevated risks for obesity in females. Mechanisms that explain this link remain unclear. This study tracked serum basal cortisol levels with body mass index (BMI) from childhood into adulthood to test whether hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis attenuation accounts for elevated obesity risks for sexually abused females. METHODS Data drew from six timepoints of a longitudinal study of the impact of CSA on development. Participants were females aged 6-16 years at time of study enrollment with substantiated CSA and demographically matched non-abused peers. Analyses included only participants who did not have obesity at study enrollment. Main outcomes were BMI growth trajectories across ages 6-27 (n = 150; 66 abused, 84 comparisons) and early adulthood obesity status (ages 20-27; n = 133; 62 abused, 71 comparison). HPA axis functioning indicators were intercept and linear slope parameters extracted from multilevel growth trajectories of serum basal cortisol levels across development. Racial-ethnic minority status, parity, steroid medication use, depression history and disordered eating history were covaried. RESULTS While controlling for covariates, multilevel modeling indicated that high initial serum basal cortisol levels in childhood and attenuated cortisol growth rate over time (i.e., HPA axis attenuation) were associated with accelerated BMI accumulation (p < .01). Attenuated cortisol growth rate mediated the effect of CSA on accelerated BMI accumulation and on elevated adulthood obesity rates (p < .05). CONCLUSION This work establishes a mechanistic association between HPA axis attenuation and obesity, suggesting that trauma treatments for abuse survivors should include interventions that reduce health consequences associated with dysregulated stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda C. Li
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 325 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Molly A. Hall
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Idan Shalev
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Hannah M. C. Schreier
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania, State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tomás González Zarzar
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Isabel Marcovici
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 325 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Frank W. Putnam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 101 Manning Dr # 1, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennie G. Noll
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 325 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, USA
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Kuchler JC, Siqueira BS, Ceglarek VM, Chasko FV, Moura IC, Sczepanhak BF, Vettorazzi JF, Balbo SL, Grassiolli S. The Vagus Nerve and Spleen: Influence on White Adipose Mass and Histology of Obese and Non-obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672027. [PMID: 34248663 PMCID: PMC8269450 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve (VN) and spleen represent a complex interface between neural and immunological functions, affecting both energy metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) content. Here, we evaluated whether vagal and splenic axis participates in WAT mass regulation in obese and non-obese male Wistar rats. High doses of monosodium glutamate (M; 4 g/Kg) were administered during the neonatal period to induce hypothalamic lesion and obesity (M-Obese rats). Non-obese or Control (CTL) rats received equimolar saline. At 60 days of life, M-Obese and CTL rats were randomly distributed into experimental subgroups according to the following surgical procedures: sham, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SV), splenectomy (SPL), and SV + SPL (n = 11 rats/group). At 150 days of life and after 12 h of fasting, rats were euthanized, blood was collected, and the plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, and interleukin 10 (IL10) were analyzed. The visceral and subcutaneous WAT depots were excised, weighed, and histologically evaluated for number and size of adipocytes as well as IL10 protein expression. M-Obese rats showed higher adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance when compared with CTL groups (p < 0.05). In CTL and M-Obese rats, SV reduced body weight gain and triglycerides levels, diminishing adipocyte size without changes in IL10 expression in WAT (p< 0.05). The SV procedure resulted in high IL10 plasma levels in CTL rats, but not in the M-Obese group. The splenectomy prevented the SV anti-adiposity effects, as well as blocked the elevation of IL10 levels in plasma of CTL rats. In contrast, neither SV nor SPL surgeries modified the plasma levels of IL10 and IL10 protein expression in WAT from M-Obese rats. In conclusion, vagotomy promotes body weight and adiposity reduction, elevating IL10 plasma levels in non-obese animals, in a spleen-dependent manner. Under hypothalamic obesity conditions, VN ablation also reduces body weight gain and adiposity, improving insulin sensitivity without changes in IL10 protein expression in WAT or IL10 plasma levels, in a spleen-independent manner. Our findings indicate that the vagal-spleen axis influence the WAT mass in a health state, while this mechanism seems to be disturbed in hypothalamic obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Cristina Kuchler
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Bruna Schumaker Siqueira
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Marieli Ceglarek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vigilato Chasko
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Isllany Carvalho Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fatima Sczepanhak
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
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Wei ZJ, Sun L, Li YL, Muhammad JS, Wang Y, Feng QW, Zhang YZ, Inadera H, Cui ZG, Wu CA. Low‑calorie sweetener D‑psicose promotes hydrogen peroxide‑mediated apoptosis in C2C12 myogenic cells favoring skeletal muscle cell injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:536. [PMID: 34080650 PMCID: PMC8170266 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are the most effective approaches used to induce weight loss. D‑psicose is a low‑calorie sweetener that has been shown to reduce weight in obese individuals. However, the effect of D‑psicose on muscle cells under oxidative stress, which is produced during exercise, requires further investigation. The present study aimed to determine the effects of D‑psicose on C2C12 myogenic cells in vitro. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to stimulate the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle cells to mimic exercise conditions. Cell viability was analyzed using a MTT assay and flow cytometry was used to analyze the levels of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the generation of ROS and the cell cycle distribution following treatment. Furthermore, protein expression levels were analyzed using western blotting and cell proliferation was determined using a colony formation assay. The results of the present study revealed that D‑psicose alone exerted no toxicity on C2C12 mouse myogenic cells. However, in the presence of low‑dose (100 µM) H2O2‑induced ROS, D‑psicose induced C2C12 cell injury and significantly decreased C2C12 cell viability in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, the levels of apoptosis and the generation of ROS increased, while the MMP decreased. MAPK family molecules were also activated in a dose‑dependent manner following treatment. Notably, the combined treatment induced G2/M phase arrest and reduced the proliferation of C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that D‑psicose may induce toxic effects on muscle cells in a simulated exercise situation by increasing ROS levels, activating the MAPK signaling pathway and disrupting the MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jie Wei
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Wen Feng
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yan-Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Cheng-Ai Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
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Webb EL, Moffat A, Morris D, Satti F. Untangling the relationship between early adversity, placement breakdowns, and obesity in a secure adolescent developmental disorder service: A cross-sectional study. Disabil Health J 2021; 14:101121. [PMID: 34049846 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing global health concern, and those with a developmental disorder are at particular risk. Elevated levels of childhood trauma, placement breakdowns and obesity have been documented in the developmental disorder population, yet their relative associations remain unclear. OBJECTIVE A previous study (Morris et al., 2020) highlighted a high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and obesity in adolescents with developmental disorders residing in a secure inpatient setting. The current cross-sectional study sought to further explore the prevalence of placement breakdowns and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in this sample. METHODS Secondary analysis was conducted on existing data for 34 adolescents, aged 10-17 years at admission, held in a secure mental health hospital developmental disorder service in the United Kingdom (UK) under the Mental Health Act. RESULTS Almost half of participants had experienced a placement breakdown (47.1%), the majority of whom typically experienced multiple breakdowns (M = 3.94, SD = 2.14). Placement breakdowns significantly predicted BMI and had a predictive effect that was independent to and above that of ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Placement breakdowns significantly contribute to risk for obesity, above that explained by early adversity. Those who have experienced placement breakdowns have a greater risk for obesity, irrespective of their level of exposure to ACEs. A history of previous placement breakdowns may act as a red flag for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanor Lucy Webb
- Academic Centre, St Andrew's Healthcare, Billing Road, Northampton, Northamptonshire, NN1 5DG, UK.
| | - Abigail Moffat
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, MK18 1EG, UK; Institute for Sport and Physical Activity [ISPAR], School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Deborah Morris
- Academic Centre, St Andrew's Healthcare, Billing Road, Northampton, Northamptonshire, NN1 5DG, UK
| | - Faisal Satti
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, MK18 1EG, UK
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Plassmann H, Schelski DS, Simon MC, Koban L. How we decide what to eat: Toward an interdisciplinary model of gut-brain interactions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2021; 13:e1562. [PMID: 33977675 PMCID: PMC9286667 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Everyday dietary decisions have important short‐term and long‐term consequences for health and well‐being. How do we decide what to eat, and what physiological and neurobiological systems are involved in those decisions? Here, we integrate findings from thus‐far separate literatures: (a) the cognitive neuroscience of dietary decision‐making, and (b) growing evidence of gut–brain interactions and especially influences of the gut microbiome on diet and health outcomes. We review findings that suggest that dietary decisions and food consumption influence nutrient sensing, homeostatic signaling in the gut, and the composition of the gut microbiome. In turn, the microbiome can influence host health and behavior. Through reward signaling pathways, the microbiome could potentially affect food and drink decisions. Such bidirectional links between gut microbiome and the brain systems underlying dietary decision‐making may lead to self‐reinforcing feedback loops that determine long‐term dietary patterns, body mass, and health outcomes. This article is categorized under:Economics > Individual Decision‐Making Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Stephanie Schelski
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL), Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Koban
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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66
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Romero-Blanco C, Hernández-Martínez A, Parra-Fernández ML, Onieva-Zafra MD, Prado-Laguna MDC, Rodríguez-Almagro J. Food Addiction and Lifestyle Habits among University Students. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041352. [PMID: 33919610 PMCID: PMC8073513 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in our society, with a complex, multifactorial origin, and associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the population. Food addiction (FA) is a common disorder in overweight/obese people, which appears to be increasingly common in young people. This study analyzed food addiction in a group of young university students and to examine its association with body composition, quality of sleep, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity/sedentary habits, tobacco or alcohol consumption, and health status. A total of 536 undergraduate nursing students participated in a questionnaire that included the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Up to 6.4% of the students presented FA. Statistically significant associations were observed in the variables for sleep quality odds ratio (OR) 4.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-13.87), anxiety/depression OR 8.71 (95% CI: 3.93-19.27), body mass index (BMI) OR 8.32 (95% CI: 3.81-18.15) and sedentary lifestyle OR 2.33 (95% CI: 1.09-5.01). A predictive model was developed after binary logistic regression (area under the ROC curve 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91). Students with FA presented higher BMI values, worse sleep quality, anxiety or depression problems, and more time spent in sedentary behaviors.
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Irandoost SF, Bayangani B, Dehdari T, Yousefi Lebni J, Babasfari N, Mehedi N, Taghdisi MH. Exploring the Causes of Obesity Among Adults in the Kurdish Regions of Iran: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2021; 43:183-193. [PMID: 33832372 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211006607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world, which is occurred by various factors. The purpose of this study is to explore the causes of obesity in the Kurdish regions of Iran with a qualitative approach. METHODS A qualitative content analysis study was conducted in the Kurdish regions of Iran from June 2019 to November 2019. The data were collected by holding focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with 111 obese and thin men and women, and experts from different fields, who were selected through purposive sampling. Additionally, the data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis approach following the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The researchers used ATLAS.ti (Version 2019) software for data analysis and management. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to assess the quality of the research. RESULTS The results of the data analysis were classified into 5 categories and 16 sub-categories. The main categories included the modern lifestyle, sociocultural norms, indigenous culture of nutrition, lack of institutionalization of exercise, and low health literacy. CONCLUSION Changing people's beliefs and values about obesity and thinness, changing the dietary habits of individuals, expanding and institutionalizing exercise and physical activity, and enhancing health literacy can prevent and control obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fahim Irandoost
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Bayangani
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dehdari
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yousefi Lebni
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nafe Babasfari
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nafiul Mehedi
- Department of Social Work, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Hosein Taghdisi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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68
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Moucharite MA, Zhang J, Giffin R. Factors and Economic Outcomes Associated with Documented Difficult Intubation in the United States. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 13:227-239. [PMID: 33833535 PMCID: PMC8021135 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s304037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Establishing good mechanical ventilation is a critical component and prerequisite to a wide range of surgical and medical interventions. Yet difficulties in intubating patients, and a variety of associated complications, are well documented. The economic burden resulting from difficult intubation (DI), however, is not well understood. The current study examines the economic burden of documented DI during inpatient surgical admissions and explores factors that are associated with DI. Patients and Methods Using data from the Premier Healthcare Database, adult patients with inpatient surgical admissions between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were selected. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes were used to classify the patients into matched cohorts of DI and non-DI patients. Results Patients in the DI group have mean inpatient costs and intensive care unit (ICU) costs that are substantially higher than patients without difficult intubations ($14,468 and $4,029 higher, respectively). Mean hospital length of stay and ICU length of stay were 3.8 days and 2.0 days longer, respectively (all p<0.0001, except ICU cost p=0.0001) in the DI group. Obesity, other chronic conditions, and larger hospital size were significantly associated with DI. Conclusion DI is associated with higher average cost and longer average length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Healthcare Economics Outcomes Research, Medtronic, Mansfield, MA, USA
| | - Robert Giffin
- Healthcare Economics Outcomes Research, Medtronic, Mansfield, MA, USA
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Pham Van B, Nguyen Thi Thanh H, Le Thi H, Nguyen Le Tuan A, Dang Thi Thu H, Dang Viet D. Nutritional Status and Feeding Regimen of Patients with Esophagus Cancer-A Study from Vietnam. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030289. [PMID: 33800823 PMCID: PMC8000479 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophagus cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition. This study was performed to assess the nutritional status and dietary intake of newly diagnosed esophageal cancer patients in Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (NCH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 early esophageal cancer inpatients after gastrostomy from September 2017 to June 2018. The chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, and Mann–Whitney test were performed. The software of the Vietnam National Institute of Nutrition was used to evaluate the dietary intake of patients. Results: All the participants were male with a mean age of 57.1 ± 8.5 years. Overall, 87.4% of patients had dysphagia. Furthermore, 82.5% and 90.8% of patients reported weight loss one and six months pre-diagnosis, respectively. Moreover, 52.9% of patients suffered from mild/moderate malnutrition and 29.6% of patients had severe malnutrition according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). The body mass index (BMI) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement revealed 47.6% and 50% of undernourished patients, respectively. The proportions of patients having malnutrition were 10.7%, 55.8%, and 27.2% according to albumin, prealbumin, and total lymphocyte counts, respectively. The means of energy, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate in the patients’ 24 h preoperative diets were 973.6 ± 443.0 kcal/day, 42.4 ± 21.6 g/day, 31.0 ± 15.5 g/day, and 130.0 ± 64.5 g/day. The total energy, total protein, animal protein, total lipid, and plant lipid in the dietary intake of patients were strongly correlated with age, economic classification, and PG-SGA (each p < 0.05). The total energy intake increased day by day, with the average energy intake of 1343.9 ± 521.3 kcal on the seventh day. Energy and protein response rates increased day by day and were highest at 7 days post-operation at 18.0% and 19.4%. Conclusion: Malnutrition and insufficient intake are noteworthy in esophageal cancer patients. The PG-SGA is strongly correlated with the dietary intake of patients. The results from this study will help medical staff to prevent malnutrition and improve the nutritional status of esophageal cancer inpatients. Furthermore, public awareness should be raised on recognizing weight loss as an early symptom of esophageal cancer and the utilization of preoperative assessment tools for nutritional assessment and malnutrition management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Pham Van
- Abdominal Surgery Department 1 and Robotic Surgery Center, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi 12511, Vietnam
- Correspondence: or (B.P.V.); (H.L.T.)
| | - Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi 12511, Vietnam; (H.N.T.T.); (H.D.T.T.)
| | - Huong Le Thi
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi 12511, Vietnam; (H.N.T.T.); (H.D.T.T.)
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 11521, Vietnam;
- Correspondence: or (B.P.V.); (H.L.T.)
| | - Anh Nguyen Le Tuan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 11521, Vietnam;
| | - Hang Dang Thi Thu
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi 12511, Vietnam; (H.N.T.T.); (H.D.T.T.)
| | - Dung Dang Viet
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, 103 Military Hospital, Military Medical Academy, Hanoi 12109, Vietnam;
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Abstract
Introduction: Despite the improved treatment protocol of hypertension, the magnitude of the disease and its related burden remains raised. Hypertension makes up the leading cause of stroke, kidney disease, arterial disease, eye disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) growth. Areas covered: This review provides the overview of the role of dietary salt and alcohol use reduction in the management of hypertension, a brief history of alcohol, the vascular endothelium functions, the effects of alcohol use on blood pressure (BP), the mechanisms of alcohol, brief history of salt, the effects of dietary salt intake on BP, and the mechanisms of salt. Expert opinion: Studies found that high dietary salt intake and heavy alcohol consumption have a major and huge impact on BP while both of them have been identified to increase BP. Also, they raise the risk of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in advance. On the other way, the dietary salt and alcohol use reduction in the management of hypertension are significant in the control of BP and its related morbidity and mortality. Further, studies suggested that the dietary salt and alcohol use reductions are the cornerstone in the management of hypertension due to their significance as part of comprehensive lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Dabi Wake
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University , Asella, Ethiopia
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71
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Zajac I, Herreen D, Hunkin H, James-Martin G, Doyen M, Kakoschke N, Brindal E. Modified Fasting Compared to True Fasting Improves Blood Glucose Levels and Subjective Experiences of Hunger, Food Cravings and Mental Fatigue, But Not Cognitive Function: Results of an Acute Randomised Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2020; 13:E65. [PMID: 33379191 PMCID: PMC7824352 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent dietary trends have prompted growing support for a variety of fasting paradigms involving extreme restriction or nil-caloric intake on fasting days. Some studies indicate that fasting may negatively influence factors including cognitive function through inducing fatigue, which may prove problematic in the context of completing a range of cognitively demanding activities required by daily obligations such as work. This randomised within-subjects cross-over trial explored the effects of true fasting (i.e., nil-caloric intake) versus modified fasting, the latter of which involved two sub-conditions: (1) extended distribution (three small meals distributed across the day; 522 kcal total); and (2) bulking (two meals eaten early in the day; 512 kcal total) over a period of 7.5 h on a single day with a 7-day washout period between conditions. Participants were n = 17 females (Body Mass Index (BMI) Mean (M) = 25.80, Standard Deviation (SD) = 2.30) aged 21-49 years. Outcomes included cognitive function, subjective mental fatigue, satiety, food cravings and blood glucose. Results showed that there were no differences in cognitive test performance between conditions;however, both modified fasting sub-conditions had improved blood glucose levels, cravings, hunger and fullness compared to true fasting. Moreover, subjective mental fatigue was significantly reduced in the modified fasting conditions relative to true fasting. Overall, results indicated that the subjective experience of true fasting and modified fasting is different, but that cognition does not appear to be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Zajac
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Danielle Herreen
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hugh Hunkin
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Genevieve James-Martin
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Mathilde Doyen
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
- Agrocampus Ouest, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Naomi Kakoschke
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Emily Brindal
- Nutrition & Health, Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.H.); (H.H.); (G.J.-M.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.B.)
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The Role of Isoflavones in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010218. [PMID: 33379327 PMCID: PMC7795922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing number of type 2 diabetic individuals and the substantial social and financial costs associated with diabetes management, every effort should be made to improve its prevention and treatment methods. There is an ongoing search for natural dietary compounds that could be used for this purpose. This narrative review focuses on the therapeutic potential of isoflavones in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review summarizes (i) the molecular mechanisms of isoflavones action that are critical to their anti-diabetic properties; (ii) preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) studies evaluating the influence of isoflavones on the function of key organs involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes; and (iii) epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the effectiveness of isoflavones in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans. Apart from discussing the effects of isoflavones on the function of organs “classically” associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes (pancreas, liver, muscles, and adipose tissue), the impact of these compounds on other organs that contribute to the glucose homeostasis (gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain) is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dery Bede
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Luhu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 P. R. China
| | - Lou Zaixiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Luhu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 P. R. China
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Wang L, Zhang K, Ding X, Wang Y, Bai H, Yang Q, Ben J, Zhang H, Li X, Chen Q, Zhu X. Fucoidan antagonizes diet-induced obesity and inflammation in mice. J Biomed Res 2020; 35:197-205. [PMID: 33495425 PMCID: PMC8193708 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an escalating global pandemic posing a serious threat to human health. The intervention therapy using weight-reducing drugs, accompanied by lifestyle modification, is a strategy for the treatment of obesity. In the present study, we explored the role of fucoidan, a seaweed compound, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. We found that fucoidan treatment significantly reduced the body fat and caused redistribution of visceral and subcutaneous fat in HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, fucoidan treatment inhibited adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in adipose tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that fucoidan may be a promising treatment for obesity and obesity-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Ben
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, CollaborativeInnovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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De Leon A, Roemmich JN, Casperson SL. Identification of Barriers to Adherence to a Weight Loss Diet in Women Using the Nominal Group Technique. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123750. [PMID: 33291249 PMCID: PMC7762133 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: At any given time, a majority of women are engaged in some type of weight loss diet; however, these efforts are difficult to sustain for long-term weight control. Because women are more likely to develop obesity and suffer a greater severity of obesity-related health and economic consequences, we sought to identify the key factors that make adhering to a weight loss diet difficult for overweight/obese women. Methods: Ten nominal group technique (NGT) sessions aimed at identifying perceived barriers to adherence to a weight loss diet were conducted as part of a weight loss study for overweight/obese women (n = 33) during the controlled feeding weight loss phase. Results: Individual-level barriers to emerge from the sessions included knowing when to stop eating, being able to control cravings and emotional eating, and sustaining healthier dietary habits. Environmental-level barriers included family/social events that bring people together, especially those centered around food and drink, eating out, cost, and busy schedules. Conclusions: These findings offer a deeper understanding of barriers women find most salient to adhering to a weight loss diet, providing direction for the clinical application of weight loss programs.
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76
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Leahey TM, Huedo-Medina TB, Grenga A, Gay L, Fernandes D, Denmat Z, Doyle C, Areny-Joval R, Wing RR. Patient-provided e-support in reduced intensity obesity treatment: The INSPIRE randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2020; 39:1037-1047. [PMID: 33252929 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are two types of patient supporters, peers (two individuals initiating health behavior change who support one another) and mentors (a previously successful patient who supports incoming patients). Social comparison theory suggests that peers and mentors may elicit social comparison processes (patients may compare their progress to that of their peer/mentor), and these social comparisons could impact treatment outcomes. This randomized controlled trial is the first to examine the differential impact of peers and mentors on obesity treatment outcomes and social comparison processes when added to reduced intensity treatment. METHOD Participants (N = 278) were randomly assigned to reduced intensity behavioral weight loss treatment alone (rBWL), rBWL plus peer e-support (rBWL + Peer), or rBWL plus mentor e-support (rBWL + Mentor). rBWL involved periodic group sessions that decreased over time; when group sessions decreased, intensity of peer/mentor e-support increased. Weight and social comparison processes were assessed throughout the 12-month intervention. RESULTS There was a significant treatment effect; when group sessions became less frequent and peer/mentor e-support became more frequent, rBWL + Peer had significantly greater weight loss than rBWL alone, and rBWL + Mentor was not significantly different from the other two. Social comparison processes differed by treatment arm; rBWL + Peer participants tended to report more lateral social comparisons ("my weight loss progress is 'similar' to my peer's"), whereas rBWL + Mentor participants reported more upward comparisons ("my weight loss progress is 'worse than' my mentor's"). Upward comparisons were associated with poorer weight loss outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Peer e-support may be an effective, low-cost, sustainable method for improving longer-term weight loss outcomes in reduced intensity obesity treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda Gay
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center
| | | | - Zeely Denmat
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention and Policy
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77
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Machluf Y, Chaiter Y, Tal O. Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:3645-3668. [PMID: 32953842 PMCID: PMC7479575 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender-specific differences in the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, prognosis, severity, risk factors, drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented. We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years, and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens, guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies. Subsequently, through the lens of gender, we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions: Asthma, obesity and overweight, chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019. As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence, we focus on this developmental stage. Finally, we propose a model which is based on three influential issues: (1) Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (2) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (3) An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, lifestyle habits etc.). Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines, already among adolescents, may reduce inequities, facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossy Machluf
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Kazerin 1290000, Israel
| | - Yoram Chaiter
- The Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies in Hospitals and Hospital-based Health Technology Assessment, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin 7030100, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- The Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies in Hospitals and Hospital-based Health Technology Assessment, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin 7030100, Israel
- Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin 7030100, Israel
- Department of Management, Program of Public Health and Health System Administration, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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78
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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and High-Density Lipoproteins in Overweight or Obese Individuals: A Meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020; 36:78-87. [PMID: 32769479 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The occurrence of cardiovascular disease is strongly predicted by HDL. Increased HDL reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Increased fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) has been proposed to increase HDL in overweight and obesity; however, research outcomes are inconclusive on the effects of FVC on HDL in this population. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of weight loss FVC interventions on HDL in overweight or obese individuals. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to analyze the results of 6 primary studies. Secondarily, we conducted moderator analyses to explore the effects based on participants, methods, intervention, and source characteristics. RESULTS We found a small standardized mean difference of FVC on HDL (d = 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.29; z = 3.04, P < .01), minimal heterogeneity (Q = 6.10, P = .30, I = 18.05%), and possible publication bias. Moderator analyses indicated that masking of data collectors (Z = 3.73, P = .05) and intention-to-treat analysis (Z = 3.73, P = .05) significantly moderated the overall summary effect. Given that only 1 research team reported masking and intention to treat, these results should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS There was a small increase in HDL across studies (d = 0.18) in overweight and obese individuals. The effect size may be limited because of the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis. Nonetheless, obese and overweight individuals should be encouraged to increase their FVC to improve HDL and lower cardiovascular risk factors.
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79
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Lin X, Xu Y, Xu J, Pan X, Song X, Shan L, Zhao Y, Shan PF. Global burden of noncommunicable disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017. Endocrine 2020; 69:310-320. [PMID: 32488838 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) represents both a threat and an opportunity for intervention. Estimates of the global latest trend of high BMI-related NCDs and its association with socioeconomic status can facilitate strategic intervention and inform further research. METHODS This global burden of disease study extracted global, regional, and national data on death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI-related NCDs from the GBD Study 2017. Secondary analyses were performed by year, age, sex, and specific causes of death and DALYs. The 2017 Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was used as an indicator of national socioeconomic status. The association between age-standardized death or DALYs rate and socioeconomic status were analyzed. RESULTS Worldwide, 4.7 million deaths and 147.7 million DALYs of NCDs were related to high BMI in 2017, with a projection to 5.5 million deaths and 176.9 million DALYs in 2025. Globally, high BMI-related burden showed an increasing trend with males being more heavily impacted overall. The trend and magnitude of high BMI-related disease burden varied substantially in different geographical and socioeconomic regions. Specifically, the low-middle, middle, and high-middle SDI countries were associated with a higher burden. The leading three causes of DALYs attributable to high BMI in 2017 were ischemic heart diseases, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS High BMI-related burden of NCDs is worsening, particularly in developing countries. Our findings may enhance public awareness of interventions to reduce the diseases burden caused by high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lizhen Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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80
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Van Dyck D, Cerin E, Akram M, Conway TL, Macfarlane D, Davey R, Sarmiento OL, Christiansen LB, Reis R, Mitas J, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Salvo D, Sallis JF. Do physical activity and sedentary time mediate the association of the perceived environment with BMI? The IPEN adult study. Health Place 2020; 64:102366. [PMID: 32838889 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study's main aim was to examine whether adults' accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time mediated the associations of neighbourhood physical environmental perceptions with body mass index (BMI) and weight status across 10 high- and middle-income countries. Data from the IPEN Adult study, an observational multi-country study (n = 5712) were used. Results showed that sedentary time was a non-significant or inconsistent mediator in all models. MVPA mediated the associations of street connectivity, land use mix-diversity, infrastructure/safety for walking and aesthetics with BMI in single models. In the multiple model, MVPA only fully mediated the relation between land use mix-diversity and BMI. This finding was replicated in the models with weight status as outcome. MVPA partially mediated associations of composite environmental variables with weight status. So, although MVPA mediated some associations, future comprehensive studies are needed to determine other mechanisms that could explain the relation between the physical environment and weight outcomes. Food intake, food accessibility and the home environment may be important variables to consider. Based on the consistency of results across study sites, global advocacy for policies supporting more walkable neighbourhoods should seek to optimize land-use-mix when designing and re-designing cities or towns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Van Dyck
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan Macfarlane
- Centre for Sports and Exercise, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Reis
- Graduate Program in Urban Management, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil; Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Josef Mitas
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra, Spain
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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81
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Glise Sandblad K, Jern S, Åberg M, Robertson J, Torén K, Lindgren M, Adiels M, Hansson PO, Rosengren A. Obesity in adolescent men increases the risk of venous thromboembolism in adult life. J Intern Med 2020; 287:734-745. [PMID: 32338406 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the population of obese and severely obese young adults grows, it is becoming increasingly important to recognize the long-term risks associated with adolescent obesity. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) in young men at enlistment for military service and later risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS Nationwide register-based prospective cohort study of men enlisting 1969 to 2005, followed through the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death registries. We identified 1 639 838 men (mean age, 18.3 years) free of prior venous thromboembolism, of whom 29 342 were obese (BMI 30 to <35 kg m-2 ) and 7236 severely obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg m-2 ). The participants were followed until a first registered diagnosis of VTE. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 28 years (interquartile interval, 20 to 36 years), 11 395 cases of deep vein thrombosis and 7270 cases of pulmonary embolism were recorded. Compared with men with a BMI of 18.5 to <20 kg m-2 , men with higher BMI in young adulthood showed an incrementally increasing risk of VTE that was moderately but significantly increased already at normal BMI levels. Adolescent obese men with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg m-2 had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.93 (95% confidence interval, 2.65 to 3.24) for VTE. Severely obese men with a BMI of ≥35 kg m-2 had a hazard ratio of 4.95 (95% confidence interval, 4.16 to 5.90). CONCLUSIONS Men who were obese or severely obese in young adulthood had a marked increase in risk of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Glise Sandblad
- From the, Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Jern
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Åberg
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Robertson
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Lindgren
- From the, Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Adiels
- Centre for Applied Biostatistics, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P O Hansson
- From the, Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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82
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Kim SR, Kim HN, Song SW. Associations Between Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Obesity/Metabolic Risk Phenotypes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:347-352. [PMID: 32429802 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a risk factor for many health issues, as are metabolic abnormalities; all may affect mental health and one's health-related quality of life. Therefore, we investigated the association between obesity subtypes, considering both body weight and metabolic abnormalities, and the mental health and quality of life of a Korean population. Methods: We used data from the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians, and data on a total of 6057 participants were analyzed. Obesity subtypes were classified as metabolically healthy but obese (MHO); metabolically abnormal but of normal weight (MANW); and metabolically abnormal and obese (MAO). Results: MHO was positively associated with mobility problems, pain/discomfort, and stress compared with metabolically healthy and of normal weight (MHNW) control. MAO was positively associated with problems in terms of not only mobility problems, pain/discomfort, and stress but also self-care and usual activity problems, and improper sleep duration, compared with the MHNW control. MANW showed no associations with the mental health problems or quality of life. Conclusions: With or without metabolic abnormalities, obesity is associated with mental health problems and decreased quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Rae Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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83
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092224. [PMID: 32397353 PMCID: PMC7249034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from metabolic cells in response to excess nutrients, contributes to the development of T2D by increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (mainly in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue) and by targeting pancreatic islets and in this way impairing insulin secretion. Given the role of this not related to infection inflammation in the development of both: insulin resistance and insulitis, anti-inflammatory strategies could be helpful not only to control T2D symptoms but also to treat its causes. This review presents current concepts regarding the role of metaflammation in the development of T2D in obese individuals as well as data concerning possible application of different anti-inflammatory strategies (including lifestyle interventions, the extra-glycemic potential of classical antidiabetic compounds, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and bariatric surgery) in the management of T2D.
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84
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Lee S, Svendsen K, Hjorth M, Bastani NE, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on plasma biomarkers, serum fibroblast growth factor 21, and adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight or obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 32160926 PMCID: PMC7065370 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction of methionine and cysteine is a well-described model that improves metabolic health in rodents. To investigate the translational potential in humans, we evaluated the effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on cardiometabolic risk factors, plasma and urinary amino acid profile, serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight and obesity in a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Methods Twenty women with overweight or obesity were allocated to a diet low (Met/Cys-low, n = 7), medium (Met/Cys-medium, n = 7) or high (Met/Cys-high, n = 6) in methionine and cysteine for 7 days. The diets differed only by methionine and cysteine content. Blood and urine were collected at day 0, 1, 3 and 7 and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken at day 0 and 7. Results Plasma methionine and cystathionine and urinary total cysteine decreased, whereas FGF21 increased in the Met/Cys-low vs. Met/Cys-high group. The Met/Cys-low group had increased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue including DGAT1. When we excluded one participant with high fasting insulin at baseline, the Met/Cys-low group showed increased expression of ACAC, DGAT1, and tendencies for increased expression of FASN and SCD1 compared to the Met/Cys-high group. The participants reported satisfactory compliance and that the diets were moderately easy to follow. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary methionine and cysteine restriction may have beneficial effects on circulating biomarkers, including FGF21, and influence subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression. These results will aid in the design and implementation of future large-scale dietary interventions with methionine and cysteine restriction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03629392, registration date: 14/08/2018 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, OUS HF Aker Sykehus, Postboks 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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85
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Wake AD, Bekele DM, Tuji TS. Knowledge and Attitude of Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure Among Adult Hypertensive Patients on Follow-Up at Selected Public Hospitals in Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Integr Blood Press Control 2020; 13:1-13. [PMID: 32189970 PMCID: PMC7068036 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s242123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) among hypertensive patients is an important aspect of the management and prevention of complication related to hypertension. However, self-monitoring of BP among hypertensive patients on scheduled follow-up in hospitals in Ethiopia is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge and attitude of self-monitoring of BP among adult hypertensive patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 400 adult hypertensive patients attending follow-up clinics at four public hospitals of Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The data were collected from patients from March 10, 2019 to April 8, 2019 by face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire and augmented by a retrospective patients’ medical records review. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 software. Results A total of 400 patients were enrolled into the study with the response rate of 97.6%. The median age of the participants was 49 years (range 23–90 years). More than half (225 [56.3%]) were male. The majority (160 [40%]) were married and more than two-thirds (282 [70.5%]) were Oromo by ethnic background. About 206 (51.5%) had attended primary education. The proportion of patient's knowledge toward self-monitoring of BP and the practice of self-monitoring of BP among hypertensive patients was 31.5% (n=126 [95% CI; 26.5, 36.5]) and 7.75% (n=31 [95% CI; 5.3, 10.5]) respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed; higher education (AOR=2.73, 95% CI [1.33, 13.88)], governmental employed (AOR=1.52, 95% CI [1.06, 6.48]), having an income of >3500 Ethiopian Birr (AOR=2.16, 95% CI [1.56, 7.39]), duration of hypertension >6 years (AOR=1.87, 95% CI [1.21, 6.37]), having health insurance (AOR=3.56, 95% CI [1.39, 10.53]), having co-morbidities (AOR=3.93, 95% CI [1.35, 10.32]), receiving a health professional recommendation toward self-monitoring of BP (AOR=6.08, 95% CI [2.45, 15.06]), and having an awareness of hypertension-related complication (AOR=3.94, 95% CI [1.34, 11.44]) were factors significantly associated with self-monitoring of BP. Conclusion In this study, the proportion of knowledge of self-monitoring of BP and the practice of self-monitoring of BP among hypertensive patients on follow-up were low. Educational programs on self-monitoring of BP including teaching through demonstration may be needed to be in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Dabi Wake
- Nursing Department, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mengistu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Techane Sisay Tuji
- Nursing Department, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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86
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Zheng Y, Lee J, Lee EH, In G, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee OH, Kang IJ. A Combination of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extract Enhances Their Individual Anti-Obesity Properties in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:215-223. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaesun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-hye Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gyo In
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - JongHan Kim
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Lee
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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87
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Abiri B, Vafa M. Effects of vitamin D and/or magnesium supplementation on mood, serum levels of BDNF, inflammatory biomarkers, and SIRT1 in obese women: a study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:225. [PMID: 32102680 PMCID: PMC7045429 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has shown that vitamin D and magnesium have anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant effects. Dietary intake of magnesium is associated with reduced body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, as well as inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to inflammation, obesity, and depressive symptoms. This study will test the effects of vitamin D and magnesium co-supplementation on mood, serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammation, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in obese women. Methods We will conduct an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, in a factorial design, to evaluate the individual effects of vitamin D and magnesium, and co-supplementation of them, on mood, serum level of BDNF, inflammation, and SIRT1 in 108 obese women. Discussion We hypothesize that vitamin D and magnesium co-supplementation may provide a new adjuvant therapy through modulation of BDNF, inflammation, and SIRT1 in obese women. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20090822002365N23. Registered on 16 August 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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88
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Nam KD, Van NB, Hoang LV, Duc TP, Thi Ha TT, Tuan VT, Dinh PP, Thi Thu HT, Show PL, Nga VT, Minh LB, Chu DT. Hypertension in a mountainous province of Vietnam: prevalence and risk factors. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03383. [PMID: 32072063 PMCID: PMC7015972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) significantly contributes to global disease burden, and its prevalence varies amongst different countries and regions. This work is aimed to characterize the hypertensive prevalence and identify risk factors for HTN among the residents in five locations (four communes and one town) of Moc Chau district (Son La province, Vietnam). Methods A cross-sectional study with a cross-sectional methodology was done in selected places from August 2018 to December 2018. We interviewed 197 participants aged equal to or more than 18 years old and measured their blood pressure (BP). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied. Results The overall HTN prevalence of 30.0% was recorded. The differences of HTN prevalence rates were seen by several characters including age groups (p <0.001), accompanying disease (p <0.001) and alcohol drinking (p <0.05). Factors independently associated with hypertension were age (ORs: 3.1 [1.1–9.1]; 6.1 [1.7–22.3]), much salty consumption (OR: 2.6 [1.1–6.6]), alcohol use (OR: 3.1 [1.2–8.1]), HTN familial history (OR: 4.2 [1.3–13.3]) and at least one suffering disease (OR: 5.2 [2.1–12.7]). Conclusions Thus, this study highlighted the high overall HTN prevalence in the Vietnam Northwestern region. Significant differences of HTN rate were observed among several characteristics such as age groups, accompanying disease and alcohol drinking. Age group, much salty consumption, alcohol use, hypertension familial history and at least one suffering disease were risk factors for HTN in study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Do Nam
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nhon Bui Van
- Department of Science and Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Cardiovascular Center, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Long Vo Hoang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Toan Pham Duc
- Department of Nursing, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Tran Thi Ha
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Viet Tran Tuan
- Department of Cardiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phong Phan Dinh
- Department of Cardiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Trinh Thi Thu
- Dong A Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Department of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pau Loke Show
- University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vu Thi Nga
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Le Bui Minh
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh St., Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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89
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Naimo GD, Gelsomino L, Catalano S, Mauro L, Andò S. Interfering Role of ERα on Adiponectin Action in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:66. [PMID: 32132979 PMCID: PMC7041409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, due to adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing many bioactive molecules, called adipokines. During obesity, dysfunctional adipocytes alter adipokine secretion, contributing to pathophysiology of obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type 2-diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many types of malignancies. Circulating adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with BMI, thus adiponectin concentrations are lower in obese than normal-weight subjects. Many clinical investigations highlight that low adiponectin levels represent a serious risk factor in breast carcinogenesis, and are associated with the development of more aggressive phenotype. A large-scale meta-analysis suggests that BMI was positively associated with breast cancer mortality in women with ERα-positive disease, regardless menopausal status. This suggests the importance of estrogen signaling contribution in breast tumorigenesis of obese patients. It has been largely demonstrated that adiponectin exerts a protective role in ERα-negative cells, promoting anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, while controversial data have been reported in ERα-positive cells. Indeed, emerging data provide evidences that adiponectin in obese patients behave as growth factor in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. This addresses how ERα signaling interference may enhance the potential inhibitory threshold of adiponectin in ERα-positive cells. Thus, we may reasonably speculate that the relatively low adiponectin concentrations could be still not adequate to elicit, in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, the same inhibitory effects observed in ERα-negative cells. In the present review we will focus on the molecular mechanisms through which adiponectin affects breast cancer cell behavior in relationship to ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
- *Correspondence: Loredana Mauro
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
- Sebastiano Andò
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90
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Abstract
Neuroimmunology and immunometabolism are burgeoning topics of study, but the intersection of these two fields is scarcely considered. This interplay is particularly prevalent within adipose tissue, where immune cells and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have an important role in metabolic homeostasis and pathology, namely in obesity. In the present Review, we first outline the established reciprocal adipose-SNS relationship comprising the neuroendocrine loop facilitated primarily by adipose tissue-derived leptin and SNS-derived noradrenaline. Next, we review the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and resident innate immune cells as well as the changes that occur in these secretory and signalling pathways in obesity. Finally, we discuss the effect of SNS adrenergic signalling in immune cells and conclude with exciting new research demonstrating an immutable role for SNS-resident macrophages in modulating SNS-adipose crosstalk. We posit that the latter point constitutes the existence of a new field - neuroimmunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Larabee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver C Neely
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), New York, NY, USA.
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91
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Non-AIDS comorbidity burden differs by sex, race, and insurance type in aging adults in HIV care. AIDS 2019; 33:2327-2335. [PMID: 31764098 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiology of non-AIDS-related chronic comorbidities (NACMs) among aging persons with HIV (PWH). DESIGN Prospective multicenter observational study to assess, in an age-stratified fashion, number and types of NACMs by demographic and HIV factors. METHODS Eligible participants were seen during 1 January 1997 to 30 June 2015, followed for more than 5 years, received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and virally suppressed (HIV viral load <200 copies/ml ≥75% of observation time). Age was stratified (18-40, 41-50, 51-60, ≥61 years). NACMs included cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, arthritis, viral hepatitis, anemia, and psychiatric illness. RESULTS Of 1540 patients, 1247 (81%) were men, 406 (26%) non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), 183 (12%) Hispanics/Latinos, 575 (37%) with public insurance, 939 (61%) MSM, and 125 (8%) with injection drug use history. By age strata 18-40, 41-50, 51-60, and at least 61 years, there were 180, 502, 560, and 298 patients, respectively. Median HIV Outpatient Study observation was 10.8 years (range: min-max = 5.0-18.5). Mean number of NACMs increased with older age category (1.4, 2.1, 3.0, and 3.9, respectively; P < 0.001), as did prevalence of most NACMs (P < 0.001). Age-related differences in NACM numbers were primarily due to anemia, hepatitis C virus infection, and diabetes. Differences (all P < 0.05) in NACM number existed by sex (women >men, 3.9 vs. 3.4), race/ethnicity (NHB >non-NHB, 3.8 vs. 3.4), and insurance status (public >private, 4.3 vs. 3.1). CONCLUSIONS Age-related increases existed in prevalence and number of NACMs, with disproportionate burden among women, NHBs, and the publicly insured. These groups should be targeted for screening and prevention strategies aimed at NACM reduction.
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92
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Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid metabolism in rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:2417-2425. [PMID: 30964474 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
d-Psicose is a new-generation sugar substitute with a low calorie count and can still offer the desirable sweetness. The objective of this study was to investigate the antiobesity potential of d-psicose and the possible mechanism using Wistar rats as the animal model. The animals were divided into five groups and supplemented with diets containing 5% of different carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose, cellulose, d-psicose, and a control diet, for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, blood lipid profile, tissue morphology, and related genes participating in lipid metabolism were analyzed. The results indicated that the supplementation by d-psicose leads to minimum fat accumulation in rats when compared with the other carbohydrates. The blood lipid profile and antioxidative activity of the rat were also improved. d-Psicose can regulate lipid metabolism by increasing the lipid-metabolism-related enzymes such as SDH in serum and liver and HL in the liver. d-Psicose can prevent fat accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenesis-related gene ACCα and hepatic fatty acid uptake gene (FAS and SREBP-1c), while stimulating the expression for fatty-acid-oxidation-related gene including AMPK2α, HSL, and PPARα. In conclusion, d-psicose can be considered to be a healthy alternative to traditional sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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93
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Efficiently Anti-Obesity Effects of Unsaturated Alginate Oligosaccharides (UAOS) in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090540. [PMID: 31533255 PMCID: PMC6780860 DOI: 10.3390/md17090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related complications have become one of the leading problems affecting human health. However, current anti-obesity treatments are limited by high cost and numerous adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the use of a non-toxic green food additive, known as unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS) from the enzymatic degradation of Laminaria japonicais, which showed effective anti-obesity effects in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Compared with acid hydrolyzed saturated alginate oligosaccharides (SAOS), UAOS significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, including triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA), liver weight, liver TG and TC, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, adipose mass, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and accumulation induced in HFD mice. Moreover, the structural differences in β-d-mannuronate (M) and its C5 epimer α-l-guluronate (G) did not cause significant functional differences. Meanwhile, UAOS significantly increased both AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in adipocytes, which indicated that UAOS had an anti-obesity effect mainly through AMPK signaling. Our results indicate that UAOS has the potential for further development as an adjuvant treatment for many metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and possibly diabetes.
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94
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The Effects of Adipocytes on the Regulation of Breast Cancer in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Update. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080857. [PMID: 31398937 PMCID: PMC6721665 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic and it is well evident that obesity is associated with the development of many disorders including many cancer types. Breast cancer is one of that associated with a high mortality rate. Adipocytes, a major cellular component in adipose tissue, are dysfunctional during obesity and also known to promote breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunctional adipocytes can release metabolic substrates, adipokines, and cytokines, which promote proliferation, progression, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. The secretion of adipocytes can alter gene expression profile, induce inflammation and hypoxia, as well as inhibit apoptosis. It is known that excessive free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, leptin, interleukins, and chemokines upregulate breast cancer development. Interestingly, adiponectin is the only adipokine that has anti-tumor properties. Moreover, adipocytes are also related to chemotherapeutic resistance, resulting in the poorer outcome of treatment and advanced stages in breast cancer. Evaluation of the adipocyte secretion levels in the circulation can be useful for prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer therapy in the patients. Therefore, understanding about functions of adipocytes as well as obesity in breast cancer may reveal novel targets that support the development of new anti-tumor therapy. In this systemic review, we summarize and update the effects of secreted factors by adipocytes on the regulation of breast cancer in the tumor microenvironment.
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95
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Arnotti K, Bamber M. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Overweight or Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis. West J Nurs Res 2019; 42:306-314. [PMID: 31256714 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919858699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have shown that fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) promotes weight loss and prevents weight gain, thereby reducing risks for chronic health conditions. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the overall effects of FVC interventions on weight loss for those with body-mass index (BMI) >25; we follow-up with moderator analyses to determine if effects varied based on participants, interventions, methods, or source characteristics. Extensive literature searches were conducted, resulting in 16 studies and providing 17 comparisons, across 3,719 participants. The overall summary effect was large (-2.81kg; p<.001). Several moderators were significant for increased weight loss: low socio-economic status (-4.99kg; p<.001), higher baseline BMI (slope=-0.29; p=.047), longer interventions (slope=0.012; p<.001), and recruitment setting [health care/programs (-3.7kg; p<.001); work/academic settings (-5.2kg: p<.001)]. Future researchers should investigate varying intervention lengths and examine specific needs of subgroups-higher versus lower socio-economic status, and overweight versus obese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy Bamber
- Associate Professor, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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96
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Hamjane N, Benyahya F, Mechita MB, Nourouti NG, Barakat A. The complications of overweight and obesity according to obesity indicators (body mass index and waist circumference values) in a population of Tangier (northern Morocco): A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2619-2624. [PMID: 31405685 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to study overweight and obesity and their associated complications according to obesity indicators in a population of Tangier. METHODS A total of 480 overweight and obese patients were included in this study, referred to hospital Duc Tovar of Tangier during a period of 12 months. The collection of data has been done through a questionnaire which included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics of each patient. Statistical analyses included chi2 test, student's t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS The mean age of our patients was 45.56 ± 12.23 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.97 ± 5.84 Kg/m2 and the average waist circumference (WC) was 109.78 ± 15.42 cm. Overweight affected 25.2% and obesity 74.8%, whose 88.8% of subjects had abdominal obesity. All the metabolic abnormalities were significantly associated with abdominal obesity (measured by WC). However, only total cholesterol (p₌0.001) and triglycerides (p₌0.000) were significantly associated with different classes of obesity (measured by BMI). The most common complications of obesity and overweight were: type 2 diabetes (56.8%), arterial hypertension (52%), dyslipidaemia (43.9%), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (24.3%). Hypertension and hyperglycaemia were the major risk factors for developing CVD with OR = 3.81 (95% CI:1.363-10.698; p < 0.05) and OR = 2.610 (95% CI:1.648-4.133; p < 0.001) respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity exposes to several chronic complications, the most important in our study were type 2 diabetes and hypertension; these complications increased significantly with abdominal obesity that has constituted important risk factors of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.
| | | | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.
| | - Amina Barakat
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.
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97
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Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Strategies to Counter Weight Loss-Induced Reductions in Metabolic Rate. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:258-265. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Zoellner JM, You W, Hill JL, Brock DJP, Yuhas M, Alexander RC, Price B, Estabrooks PA. A comparative effectiveness trial of two family-based childhood obesity treatment programs in a medically underserved region: Rationale, design & methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 84:105801. [PMID: 31260792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While there is a large body of literature documenting the efficacy of family-based childhood obesity (FBCO) treatment interventions, there is little evidence that these interventions have been systematically translated into regular practice - particularly in health disparate regions. To address this research-practice gap, this project was guided by a community advisory board (CAB) and the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework within a systems-based and community-based participatory research approach. Families with overweight or obese children between 5 and 12 years old, in the medically-underserved Dan River Region, were randomly assigned to one of two FBCO treatment programs (iChoose vs. Family Connections) delivered by local Parks & Recreation staff. Both programs have previously demonstrated clinically meaningful child BMI z-score reductions, but vary in intensity, structure, and implementation demands. Two clinical CAB partners embedded recruitment methods into their regional healthcare organization, using procedures representative to what could be used if either program was taken to scale. The primary effectiveness outcome is child BMI z-scores at 6-months, with additional assessments at 3-months and at 12-months. Secondary goals are to determine: (1) reach into the intended audience; (2) effectiveness on secondary child and parent outcomes; (3) intervention adoption by organizations and staff; (4) fidelity, cost, and capacity for intervention implementation; and (5) maintenance of individual-level changes and organizational-level sustainability. This research addresses literature gaps related to the features within clinical and community settings that could improve both child weight status and the translation of FBCO interventions into typical practice in medically-underserved communities. IDENTIFIERS: Clincialtrials.gov: NCT03245775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Zoellner
- University of Virginia (UVA), Department of Public Health Sciences, UVA Cancer Center Research and Outreach Office, 16 East Main Street, Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA.
| | - Wen You
- Virginia Tech, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 304 Hutcheson Hall, 24060, USA
| | - Jennie L Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986075 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6075, USA
| | - Donna-Jean P Brock
- University of Virginia (UVA), Department of Public Health Sciences, UVA Cancer Center Research and Outreach Office, 16 East Main Street, Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
| | - Maryam Yuhas
- University of Virginia (UVA), Department of Public Health Sciences, UVA Cancer Center Research and Outreach Office, 16 East Main Street, Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
| | - Ramine C Alexander
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Benbow 202-A, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Bryan Price
- UVA Cancer Center, Community Outreach and Education, Main Street, Unit 102, Danville, VA 24541, USA
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986075 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6075, USA
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent and is considered to be a major public health threat worldwide. Behavioral and sociodemographic factors associated with T2DM vary within different societies. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the various behavioral and sociodemographic factors associated with T2DM in the Arab society in Israel. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from 1,894 residents over the age of 21 belonging to the Arab population in Israel. The data collected from the subjects were subjected to statistical analyses using the SPSS program. Findings: Of the total sample population, 13.7% were found to be affected with T2DM. The prevalence of T2DM increased sharply in the successive age groups of both men and women. The prevalence of T2DM was found to increase progressively particularly in women with an increase in BMI (~20%, 37% and 44% respectively), while, in men it increased sharply (from 25% to ~50%) until a BMI of 29.9; it then decreased drastically (to ~24%) for a BMI of ≥30. About 85% of the men affected with T2DM were physically inactive, while 97% of the affected women were physically inactive. Almost half of the participants with diabetes have a family history of the disease in both genders. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that age, obesity, physical inactivity and family history of the disease were the significant factors associated with the prevalence of diabetes. Conclusions: It could be concluded that age, obesity, family history and physical inactivity were the significant factors associated with the prevalence of T2DM within the Arab society in Israel.
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100
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in the Vietnamese Elderly. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:239-246. [PMID: 31020550 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HT) is considered as a major determinant of cardiovascular complications. However, few studies have addressed HT prevalence among adults aged 60 years and older in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam. AIM To determine the prevalence of HT and its risk factors in the elderly in that area. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a study area in the northern of Vietnam. We interviewed 354 adults aged 60 years or over who were randomly selected, and then measured their blood pressure. RESULTS The overall HT prevalence was 62.15%. The isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) prevalence was 22.88%. There was a slight decrease in the proportion of HT by stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 respectively. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated some risk factors for HT including age groups, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we also found that the risk factors of ISH was obesity status classified by BMI category and WHR (p < 0.05). In particularly, the ethnicity was statistically significantly associated with ISH. CONCLUSION Our data showed a high prevalence of hypertension in the elderly in studied area. The risk factors for HT and ISH among studied subjects included age groups, ethnic groups, BMI and WHR. Hence, these findings are important for policy-making related to launch public health prevention and control campaigns for hypertension among older adults in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam.
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