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Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Mariani F, Possanzini L, Scavetta E, Fraboni B. Textile Chemical Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers for the Analysis of Sweat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:894. [PMID: 33799437 PMCID: PMC8000821 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable textile chemical sensors are promising devices due to the potential applications in medicine, sports activities and occupational safety and health. Reaching the maturity required for commercialization is a technology challenge that mainly involves material science because these sensors should be adapted to flexible and light-weight substrates to preserve the comfort of the wearer. Conductive polymers (CPs) are a fascinating solution to meet this demand, as they exhibit the mechanical properties of polymers, with an electrical conductivity typical of semiconductors. Moreover, their biocompatibility makes them promising candidates for effectively interfacing the human body. In particular, sweat analysis is very attractive to wearable technologies as perspiration is a naturally occurring process and sweat can be sampled non-invasively and continuously over time. This review discusses the role of CPs in the development of textile electrochemical sensors specifically designed for real-time sweat monitoring and the main challenges related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
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Metabolomics and Lipidomics: Expanding the Molecular Landscape of Exercise Biology. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030151. [PMID: 33799958 PMCID: PMC8001908 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in circulating and tissue metabolites and lipids occur in response to exercise-induced cellular and whole-body energy demands to maintain metabolic homeostasis. The metabolome and lipidome in a given biological system provides a molecular snapshot of these rapid and complex metabolic perturbations. The application of metabolomics and lipidomics to map the metabolic responses to an acute bout of aerobic/endurance or resistance exercise has dramatically expanded over the past decade thanks to major analytical advancements, with most exercise-related studies to date focused on analyzing human biofluids and tissues. Experimental and analytical considerations, as well as complementary studies using animal model systems, are warranted to help overcome challenges associated with large human interindividual variability and decipher the breadth of molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic health-promoting effects of exercise. In this review, we provide a guide for exercise researchers regarding analytical techniques and experimental workflows commonly used in metabolomics and lipidomics. Furthermore, we discuss advancements in human and mammalian exercise research utilizing metabolomic and lipidomic approaches in the last decade, as well as highlight key technical considerations and remaining knowledge gaps to continue expanding the molecular landscape of exercise biology.
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Upasham S, Osborne O, Prasad S. Demonstration of sweat-based circadian diagnostic capability of SLOCK using electrochemical detection modalities. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7750-7765. [PMID: 35423234 PMCID: PMC8695047 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SLOCK is a sweat-based circadian diagnostic platform used for mapping the user's chronobiology via cortisol and DHEA. In this work, we have demonstrated the detection capabilities of this sweat-based sensing platform using two electrochemical sensing modalities: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry. Wicking simulations for vertical versus horizontal flow patterns under potential bias were evaluated using COMSOL Multiphysics®. This work also highlights the biorecognition element characterization using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and FTIR. Sensor platform was evaluated for biomarker concentrations using doses spanning physiological ranges of 8-141 ng ml-1 and 2-131 ng ml-1 for cortisol and DHEA, respectively. Detailed analysis of impedance data is supported with electrochemical fitting of circuit components related to the biosensing process. Finally, human subject-based studies have been performed to understand the effect of sweating rate with respect to gland density on biosensing. Also, on-body mechanical resiliency studies have been performed to highlight the flexibility of this serpentine electrode-based sensing platform. The platform responds sensitively to the amount of circadian relevant biomarkers in the system with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng ml-1 for both cortisol and DHEA. Thus, the SLOCK platform offers to be an attractive vessel for facilitating the electrochemical detection of circadian relevant biomarkers and for self-monitoring of user's chronobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Upasham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX-75080 USA
| | - Olivia Osborne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX-75080 USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX-75080 USA
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García-Guzmán JJ, Pérez-Ràfols C, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Microneedle based electrochemical (Bio)Sensing: Towards decentralized and continuous health status monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ichimura Y, Kuritsubo T, Nagamine K, Nomura A, Shitanda I, Tokito S. A fully screen-printed potentiometric chloride ion sensor employing a hydrogel-based touchpad for simple and non-invasive daily electrolyte analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1883-1891. [PMID: 33479820 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report demonstrating proof of concept for the passive, non-invasive extraction and in situ potentiometric detection of human sweat chloride ions (Cl- ions) using a stable printed planar liquid-junction reference electrode-integrated hydrogel-based touch-sensor pad without activities such as exercise to induce perspiration, environmental temperature control, or requiring cholinergic drug administration. The sensor pad was composed entirely of a screen-printed bare Ag/AgCl-based chloride ion-selective electrode and a planar liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which were fully covered by an agarose hydrogel in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). When human skin contacted the hydrogel pad, sweat Cl- ions were continuously extracted into the gel, followed by in situ potentiometric detection. The planar liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode had a polymer-based KCl-saturated inner electrolyte layer to stabilize the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode even with a substantial change in the chloride ion concentration in the hydrogel pad. We expect this fully screen-printed sensor to achieve the low-cost passive and non-invasive daily monitoring of human Cl- ions in sweat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ichimura
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Kuritsubo
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Ayako Nomura
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Shitanda
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
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Pusomjit P, Teengam P, Thepsuparungsikul N, Sanongkiet S, Chailapakul O. Impedimetric determination of cortisol using screen-printed electrode with aptamer-modified magnetic beads. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:41. [PMID: 33452651 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A non-invasive aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor using disposable screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) was developed for simple, rapid, and sensitive determination of cortisol levels. Selective detection of cortisol based on a label-free electrochemical assay was achieved by specific recognition of the cortisol DNA aptamer (CApt). The CApt was modified with streptavidin magnetic beads (MBs) before simple immobilization onto the electrode surface using a neodymium magnet. The electrochemical behavior of the aptamer-based biosensor was assessed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) (vs Ag/AgCl). The specific binding between cortisol and CApt resulted in a decrease in charge transfer resistance (Rct) from EIS using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- with increasing cortisol concentration. Under optimal conditions, a linear range from 0.10 to 100 ng/mL with a low detection limit (3SD/slope) of 2.1 pg/mL was obtained. Furthermore, the proposed biosensing system exhibited a satisfactory recovery in the range 97.4-109.2% with 5.7-6.6% RSD in spiked artificial human sweat. Regarding the applications of this tool, the aptamer-based biosensor has potential to be a versatile and point-of-care (POC) device for simple, sensitive, selective, disposable, and low-cost cortisol detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaporn Pusomjit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prinjaporn Teengam
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nichanan Thepsuparungsikul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Sucharat Sanongkiet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Ji W, Zhu J, Wu W, Wang N, Wang J, Wu J, Wu Q, Wang X, Yu C, Wei G, Li L, Huo F. Wearable Sweat Biosensors Refresh Personalized Health/Medical Diagnostics. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9757126. [PMID: 34778790 PMCID: PMC8557357 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9757126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Sweat contains a broad range of critical biomarkers including ions, small molecules, and macromolecules that may indirectly or directly reflect the health status of the human body and thereby help track disease progression. Wearable sweat biosensors enable the collection and analysis of sweat in situ, achieving real-time, continuous, and noninvasive monitoring of human biochemical parameters at the molecular level. This review summarizes the physiological/pathological information of sweat and wearable sweat biosensors. First, the production of sweat pertaining to various electrolytes, metabolites, and proteins is described. Then, the compositions of the wearable sweat biosensors are summarized, and the design of each subsystem is introduced in detail. The latest applications of wearable sweat biosensors for outdoor, hospital, and family monitoring are highlighted. Finally, the review provides a summary and an outlook on the future developments and challenges of wearable sweat biosensors with the aim of advancing the field of wearable sweat monitoring technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Gaofeng Wei
- Naval Medical Department, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Cao Q, Liang B, Mao X, Wei J, Tu T, Fang L, Ye X. A Smartwatch Integrated with a Paper‐based Microfluidic Patch for Sweat Electrolytes Monitoring. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingpeng Cao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Mao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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59
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Soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems with integrated immunoassays, fluorometric sensors, and impedance measurement capabilities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27906-27915. [PMID: 33106394 PMCID: PMC7668081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft microfluidic systems that capture, store, and perform biomarker analysis of microliter volumes of sweat, in situ, as it emerges from the surface of the skin, represent an emerging class of wearable technology with powerful capabilities that complement those of traditional biophysical sensing devices. Recent work establishes applications in the real-time characterization of sweat dynamics and sweat chemistry in the context of sports performance and healthcare diagnostics. This paper presents a collection of advances in biochemical sensors and microfluidic designs that support multimodal operation in the monitoring of physiological signatures directly correlated to physical and mental stresses. These wireless, battery-free, skin-interfaced devices combine lateral flow immunoassays for cortisol, fluorometric assays for glucose and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and digital tracking of skin galvanic responses. Systematic benchtop evaluations and field studies on human subjects highlight the key features of this platform for the continuous, noninvasive monitoring of biochemical and biophysical correlates of the stress state.
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60
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Hauke A, Oertel S, Knoke L, Fein V, Maier C, Brinkmann F, Jank MPM. Screen-Printed Sensor for Low-Cost Chloride Analysis in Sweat for Rapid Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cystic Fibrosis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10090123. [PMID: 32933070 PMCID: PMC7558764 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of sweat chloride levels in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is essential not only for diagnosis but also for the monitoring of therapeutic responses to new drugs, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and potentiators. Using iontophoresis as the gold standard can cause complications like burns, is uncomfortable, and requires repetitive hospital visits, which can be particularly problematic during a pandemic, where distancing and hygiene requirements are increased; therefore, it is necessary to develop fast and simple measures for the diagnosis and monitoring of CF. A screen-printed, low-cost chloride sensor was developed to remotely monitor CF patients. Using potentiometric measurements, the performance of the sensor was tested. It showed good sensitivity and a detection limit of 2.7 × 10-5 mol/L, which covered more than the complete concentration range of interest for CF diagnosis. Due to its fast response of 30 s, it competes well with standard sensor systems. It also offers significantly reduced costs and can be used as a portable device. The analysis of real sweat samples from healthy subjects, as well as CF patients, demonstrates a proper distinction using the screen-printed sensor. This approach presents an attractive remote measurement alternative for fast, simple, and low-cost CF diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Hauke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.O.); (M.P.M.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Susanne Oertel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.O.); (M.P.M.J.)
| | - Leona Knoke
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (L.K.); (V.F.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Vanessa Fein
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (L.K.); (V.F.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Christoph Maier
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (L.K.); (V.F.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Folke Brinkmann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (L.K.); (V.F.); (C.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Michael P. M. Jank
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.O.); (M.P.M.J.)
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Bian S, Zhu B, Rong G, Sawan M. Towards wearable and implantable continuous drug monitoring: A review. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:1-14. [PMID: 32837742 PMCID: PMC7428759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous drug monitoring is a promising alternative to current therapeutic drug monitoring strategies and has a strong potential to reshape our understanding of pharmacokinetic variability and to improve individualised therapy. This review highlights recent advances in biosensing technologies that support continuous drug monitoring in real time. We focus primarily on aptamer-based biosensors, wearable and implantable devices. Emphasis is given to the approaches employed in constructing biosensors. We pay attention to sensors' biocompatibility, calibration performance, long-term characteristics stability and measurement quality. Last, we discuss the current challenges and issues to be addressed in continuous drug monitoring to make it a promising, future tool for individualised therapy. The ongoing efforts are expected to result in fully integrated implantable drug biosensing technology. Thus, we may anticipate an era of advanced healthcare in which wearable and implantable biochips will automatically adjust drug dosing in response to patient health conditions, thus enabling the management of diseases and enhancing individualised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamad Sawan
- Corresponding author. Cutting-Edge Net of Biomedical Research and Innovation (CenBRAIN), 18, Shilongshan Road, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Peng J, Chen S, Song K, Ouyang X, Cheng H, Wang X. Skin-interfaced microfluidic devices with one-opening chambers and hydrophobic valves for sweat collection and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2635-2645. [PMID: 32555915 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic platforms are capable of capturing, storing, and assessing sweat chemistry and total sweat loss, which provides essential insight into human physiological health. However, sweat loss from the outlet of the microfluidic devices often leads to deviation of the measured concentration of the biomarker or electrolyte from the actual value. Here, we introduce hydrophobic valves at the junction of the chamber and the microfluidic channel as a new chamber design to reduce sweat evaporation. Because the advancing front of the liquid in the hydrophilic microchannel is blocked by the hydrophobic valve, the fluid flows into the chambers, forms the initial meniscus, and completely fills the chambers along the initial meniscus. Fluid dynamic modeling and numerical simulations provide critical insights into the sweat sampling mechanism into the chambers. With significantly reduced evaporation and contamination, the sweat sample can be easily stored for a long time for later analysis when in situ analysis is limited. Additionally, the design with multiple chambers can allow sequential generation of sweat collection at different times for long-term analysis. The in situ real-time measurements of the sweat loss and pH value analysis from the human subject demonstrate the practical utility of the devices in collecting, storing, and analyzing the sweat generated from sweat glands on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
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63
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Qiao L, Benzigar MR, Subramony JA, Lovell NH, Liu G. Advances in Sweat Wearables: Sample Extraction, Real-Time Biosensing, and Flexible Platforms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34337-34361. [PMID: 32579332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors for sweat-based analysis are gaining wide attention due to their potential use in personal health monitoring. Flexible wearable devices enable sweat analysis at the molecular level, facilitating noninvasive monitoring of physiological states via real-time monitoring of chemical biomarkers. Advances in sweat extraction technology, real-time biosensors, stretchable materials, device integration, and wireless digital technologies have led to the development of wearable sweat-biosensing devices that are light, flexible, comfortable, aesthetic, affordable, and informative. Herein, we summarize recent advances of sweat wearables from the aspects of sweat extraction, fabrication of stretchable biomaterials, and design of biosensing modules to enable continuous biochemical monitoring, which are essential for a biosensing device. Key chemical components of sweat, sweat capture methodologies, and considerations of flexible substrates for integrating real-time biosensors with electronics to bring innovations in the art of wearables are elaborated. The strategies and challenges involved in improving the wearable biosensing performance and the perspectives for designing sweat-based wearable biosensing devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laicong Qiao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mercy Rose Benzigar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Anand Subramony
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Nigel H Lovell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Karvinen S, Sievänen T, Karppinen JE, Hautasaari P, Bart G, Samoylenko A, Vainio SJ, Ahtiainen JP, Laakkonen EK, Kujala UM. MicroRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles in Sweat Change in Response to Endurance Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32760282 PMCID: PMC7373804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, microRNAs (miRs) carried in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response to exercise have been studied in blood but not in non-invasively collectable body fluids. In the present study, we examined whether six exercise-responsive miRs, miRs-21, -26, -126, -146, -221, and -222, respond to acute endurance exercise stimuli of different intensities in sweat. Methods We investigated the response of miRs isolated from sweat and serum EVs to three endurance exercise protocols: (1) maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max ), (2) anaerobic threshold (AnaT), and (3) aerobic threshold (AerT) tests. Sauna bathing was used as a control test to induce sweating through increased body temperature in the absence of exercise. All protocols were performed by the same subjects (n = 8, three males and five females). The occurrence of different miR carriers in sweat and serum was investigated via EV markers (CD9, CD63, and TSG101), an miR-carrier protein (AGO2), and an HDL-particle marker (APOA1) with Western blot. Correlations between miRs in sweat and serum (post-sample) were examined. Results Of the studied miR carrier markers, sweat EV fractions expressed CD63 and, very weakly, APOA1, while the serum EV fraction expressed all the studied markers. In sweat EVs, miR-21 level increased after AerT and miR-26 after all the endurance exercise tests compared with the Sauna (p < 0.050). miR-146 after AnaT correlated to sweat and serum EV samples (r = 0.881, p = 0.004). Conclusion Our preliminary study is the first to show that, in addition to serum, sweat EVs carry miRs. Interestingly, we observed that miRs-21 and -26 in sweat EVs respond to endurance exercise of different intensities. Our data further confirmed that miR responses to endurance exercise in sweat and serum were triggered by exercise and not by increased body temperature. Our results highlight that sweat possesses a unique miR carrier content that should be taken into account when planning analyses from sweat as a substitute for serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira Karvinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tero Sievänen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari E Karppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Hautasaari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Geneviève Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,InfoTech Oulu, Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, University Hospital, Oulu Center for Cell Matrix Research, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Baek S, Kwon J, Mano T, Tokito S, Jung S. A Flexible 3D Organic Preamplifier for a Lactate Sensor. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000144. [PMID: 32613734 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organic transistors are promising platforms for wearable biosensors. However, the strategies to improve signal amplification have yet to be determined, particularly regarding biosensors that generate very weak signals. In this study, an organic voltage amplifier is presented for a lactate sensor on flexible plastic foil. The preamplifier is based on a 3D complementary inverter, which is achieved by vertically stacking complementary transistors with a shared gate between them. The shared gate is extended and functionalized with a lactate oxidase enzyme to detect lactate. The sensing device successfully detects the lactate concentration in the human sweat range (20-60 mm) with high sensitivity (6.82 mV mm-1 ) due to high gain of its amplification. The 3D integration process is cost-effective as it is solution-processable and doubles the number of transistors per unit area. The device presented in this study would pave the way for the development of high-gain noninvasive sweat lactate sensors that can be wearable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Baek
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kwon
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taisei Mano
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Wearable piezoelectric mass sensor based on pH sensitive hydrogels for sweat pH monitoring. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10854. [PMID: 32616743 PMCID: PMC7331702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorimetric and electrochemical (bio)sensors are commonly employed in wearable platforms for sweat monitoring; nevertheless, they suffer from low stability of the sensitive element. In contrast, mass-(bio)sensors are commonly used for analyte detection at laboratory level only, due to their rigidity. To overcome these limitations, a flexible mass-(bio)sensor for sweat pH sensing is proposed. The device exploits the flexibility of piezoelectric AlN membranes fabricated on a polyimide substrate combined to the sensitive properties of a pH responsive hydrogel based on PEG-DA/CEA molecules. A resonant frequency shift is recorded due to the hydrogel swelling/shrinking at several pH. Our device shows a responsivity of about 12 kHz/pH unit when measured in artificial sweat formulation in the pH range 3–8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that hydrogel mass variations are sensed by a flexible resonator, fostering the development of a new class of compliant and wearable devices.
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Iakab SA, Ràfols P, Tajes M, Correig-Blanchar X, García-Altares M. Gold Nanoparticle-Assisted Black Silicon Substrates for Mass Spectrometry Imaging Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6785-6794. [PMID: 32463223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is widely used in proteomics. However, matrix-free technologies are gaining popularity for detecting low molecular mass compounds. Small molecules were analyzed with nanostructured materials as ionization promoters, which produce low-to-no background signal, and facilitate enhanced specificity and sensitivity through functionalization. We investigated the fabrication and the use of black silicon and gold-coated black silicon substrates for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (SALDI-MSI) of animal tissues and human fingerprints. Black silicon was created using dry etching, while gold nanoparticles were deposited by sputtering. Both methods are safe for the user. Physicochemical characterization and MSI measurements revealed the optimal properties of the substrates for SALDI applications. The gold-coated black silicon worked considerably better than black silicon as the LDI-MSI substrate. The substrate was also compatible with imprinting, as a sample-simplification method that allows efficient transference of metabolites from the tissues to the substrate surface, without compound delocalization. Moreover, by modifying the surface with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, specific interactions were stimulated between surface and sample, leading to a selective analysis of molecules. Thus, our substrate facilitates targeted and/or untargeted in situ metabolomics studies for various fields such as clinical, environmental, forensics, and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Alexandra Iakab
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pere Ràfols
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- Group of Biomedical Research in Heart Diseases, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig-Blanchar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacio Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona 43204, Spain
| | - María García-Altares
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Akhtar A, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Baig JA, Arain MB. A tandem ionic liquid‐based dispersive microextraction method using in‐syringe air‐assisted vesicle system for rapid determination of lead and cadmium in artificial sweat extract of facial cosmetic products. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
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Jeong IC, Bychkov D, Searson PC. Wearable Devices for Precision Medicine and Health State Monitoring. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 66:1242-1258. [PMID: 31021744 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2871638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technologies will play an important role in advancing precision medicine by enabling measurement of clinically-relevant parameters describing an individual's health state. The lifestyle and fitness markets have provided the driving force for the development of a broad range of wearable technologies that can be adapted for use in healthcare. Here we review existing technologies currently used for measurement of the four primary vital signs: temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, along with physical activity, sweat, and emotion. We review the relevant physiology that defines the measurement needs and evaluate the different methods of signal transduction and measurement modalities for the use of wearables in healthcare.
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Sempionatto JR, Raymundo-Pereira PA, B Azeredo NF, N De Loyola E Silva A, Angnes L, Wang J. Enzymatic biofuel cells based on protective hydrophobic carbon paste electrodes: towards epidermal bioenergy harvesting in the acidic sweat environment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2004-2007. [PMID: 31960849 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09533k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The operation of wearable epidermal biofuel cells is prone to rapid irreversible deactivation effects under dynamic sweat pH changes from neutral to acidic. We demonstrate that the encapsulation of lactate-oxidase (LOx) within a hydrophobic protective carbon-paste anode imparts unusually high stability during dynamically changing pH fluctuations and allows the BFC to continue harvesting the lactate bioenergy even after long exposures to acidic conditions. The unique power-recovery ability of the carbon-paste BFC after its failure in harsh pH is attributed to the protective action of the non-polar paste environment.
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71
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Wang T, Wang M, Yang L, Li Z, Loh XJ, Chen X. Cyber-Physiochemical Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905522. [PMID: 31944425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Living things rely on various physical, chemical, and biological interfaces, e.g., somatosensation, olfactory/gustatory perception, and nervous system response. They help organisms to perceive the world, adapt to their surroundings, and maintain internal and external balance. Interfacial information exchanges are complicated but efficient, delicate but precise, and multimodal but unisonous, which has driven researchers to study the science of such interfaces and develop techniques with potential applications in health monitoring, smart robotics, future wearable devices, and cyber physical/human systems. To understand better the issues in these interfaces, a cyber-physiochemical interface (CPI) that is capable of extracting biophysical and biochemical signals, and closely relating them to electronic, communication, and computing technology, to provide the core for aforementioned applications, is proposed. The scientific and technical progress in CPI is summarized, and the challenges to and strategies for building stable interfaces, including materials, sensor development, system integration, and data processing techniques are discussed. It is hoped that this will result in an unprecedented multi-disciplinary network of scientific collaboration in CPI to explore much uncharted territory for progress, providing technical inspiration-to the development of the next-generation personal healthcare technology, smart sports-technology, adaptive prosthetics and augmentation of human capability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhuyun Li
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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72
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The role of sampling in wearable sweat sensors. Talanta 2020; 212:120801. [PMID: 32113563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors demonstrate outstanding performance in non-invasive, real-time monitoring of vital biomarkers in sweat, which offer an opportunity for individuals to achieve dynamic monitoring their own physiology in molecular-level. As a key step in sweat analysis that impact the accuracy of results, frequently-used sweat sampling methods are introduced in this review, and the emphasis is sweat sampling in wearable sensors including absorbent materials, superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surface, sweat guidance and epidermal microfluidic systems. In the end, we also propose the remaining challenges in the practical, large-scale application of wearable sweat sensors and provide personal prospects on the future development.
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Kim I, Jin H, Jiang Y, Qin Y. The Optimization of Analog Front-End for Fully Integrated Wearable Sweat Sensor. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1123-1126. [PMID: 31946091 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The research area of the wearable electrochemical sensors is increasingly growing which are valuable for healthcare and fitness applications owing to their simplicity of operation, low-cost, and compact size. In this work, optimizing of programmable analog front-end for fully integrated wearable sweat sensor is proposed. The proposed system can detect glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium at the same time with low-power consumption which is suitable for continuous real-time sweat sensing system. The average power consumption of analog front-end in the proposed system is less than 2 mW at 3.3 V supply voltage.
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74
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Kim SB, Koo J, Yoon J, Hourlier-Fargette A, Lee B, Chen S, Jo S, Choi J, Oh YS, Lee G, Won SM, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Braun PV, Ghaffari R, Park C, Rogers JA. Soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems with integrated enzymatic assays for measuring the concentration of ammonia and ethanol in sweat. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:84-92. [PMID: 31776526 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat is a rich and largely unexplored biofluid that contains a range of important biomarkers, from electrolytes, metabolites, micronutrients and hormones to exogenous agents, each of which can change in concentration with diet, stress level, hydration status and physiologic or metabolic state. Traditionally, clinicians and researchers have used absorbent pads and benchtop analyzers to collect and analyze the biochemical constituents of sweat in controlled, laboratory settings. Recently reported wearable microfluidic and electrochemical sensing devices represent significant advances in this context, with capabilities for rapid, in situ evaluations, in many cases with improved repeatability and accuracy. A limitation is that assays performed in these platforms offer limited control of reaction kinetics and mixing of different reagents and samples. Here, we present a multi-layered microfluidic device platform with designs that eliminate these constraints, to enable integrated enzymatic assays with demonstrations of in situ analysis of the concentrations of ammonia and ethanol in microliter volumes of sweat. Careful characterization of the reaction kinetics and their optimization using statistical techniques yield robust analysis protocols. Human subject studies with sweat initiated by warm-water bathing highlight the operational features of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jahyun Koo
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jangryeol Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Advanced Research Team, R&D Center, Samsung Display, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113, South Korea
| | - Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Shulin Chen
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Seongbin Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Oh
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Alexander J Aranyosi
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Stephen P Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chulwhan Park
- Dept. of Chem. Eng., Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Neurological Surgery, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Hladek M, Gill J, Lai C, Lorig K, Szanton S. High Coping Self-Efficacy Associated With Lower Sweat Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults: A Pilot Study. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22:75-81. [PMID: 31833408 PMCID: PMC7068750 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419870607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Chronic diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, are considered inflammatory conditions with elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Disease progression is not consistent from person to person. Psychosocial factors are hypothesized to play a modifying role. Self-efficacy, the confidence in one's ability to perform well in a specific life domain or at a specific task, is associated with better health outcomes. Coping self-efficacy is confidence in one's ability to handle life's problems through emotional regulation, problem-solving, and social support. Little is known about associations between coping self-efficacy and inflammation. AIM The purpose of this pilot study was to examine associations between coping self-efficacy and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study conducted over two visits. Sociodemographic variables, chronic disease count, body mass index (BMI), and coping self-efficacy were collected. Inflammatory markers were collected via sweat using the sweat patch, a noninvasive collection device. RESULTS Higher TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly associated with low coping self-efficacy (β = -.03, p = .028; β = -.017, p = .007, respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, and chronic disease count. IL-6 trended toward significance after adjustment as well (β = -.22, p = .054). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study showed that high coping self-efficacy was associated with lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels, indicating a potential buffering effect of high coping self-efficacy. Further longitudinal research with larger sample sizes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hladek
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- Tissue Injury Branch, NINR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- Tissue Injury Branch, NINR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kate Lorig
- Stanford Patient Education Research Center, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Szanton
- Center on Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University School of
Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Brunauer A, Ates HC, Dincer C, Früh SM. Integrated paper-based sensing devices for diagnostic applications. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lačná J, Ďurč P, Greguš M, Skřičková J, Doubková M, Pokojová E, Kindlová D, Dolina J, Konečný Š, Foret F, Kubáň P. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of ionic content in exhaled breath condensate and pH monitoring as a non-invasive method in gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnostics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1134-1135:121857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Broza YY, Zhou X, Yuan M, Qu D, Zheng Y, Vishinkin R, Khatib M, Wu W, Haick H. Disease Detection with Molecular Biomarkers: From Chemistry of Body Fluids to Nature-Inspired Chemical Sensors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11761-11817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Danyao Qu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Youbing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
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79
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Chung M, Fortunato G, Radacsi N. Wearable flexible sweat sensors for healthcare monitoring: a review. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190217. [PMID: 31594525 PMCID: PMC6833321 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art in wearable flexible sensors (WFSs) for sweat analyte detection was investigated. Recent advances show the development of integrated, mechanically flexible and multiplexed sensor systems with on-site circuitry for signal processing and wireless data transmission. When compared with single-analyte sensors, such devices provide an opportunity to more accurately analyse analytes that are dependent on other parameters (such as sweat rate and pH) by improving calibration from in situ real-time analysis, while maintaining a lightweight and wearable design. Important health conditions can be monitored and on-demand regulating drugs can be delivered using integrated wearable systems but require correlation verification between sweat and blood measurements using in vivo validation tests before any clinical application can be considered. Improvements are necessary for device sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability to provide more reliable and personalized continuous measurements. With rapid recent development, it can be concluded that non-invasive WFSs for sweat analysis have only skimmed the surface of their health monitoring potential and further significant advancement is sure to be made in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chung
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppino Fortunato
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
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80
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Ravara B, Zampieri S, Kern H, Carraro U. Blood contamination, a problem or a lucky chance to analyze non-invasively Myokines in mouth fluids? Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8713. [PMID: 31908751 PMCID: PMC6926435 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of saliva in clinical studies are increasing to identify methods less invasive than blood sampling in search for systemic changes of biomarkers related to physical activity, aging, late aging and rehabilitation. The consensus is that the diagnostic value of whole saliva is compromised by the presence of blood, but we are looking at the contamination as a major opportunity for non-invasive analyses of serological biomarkers. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of serum in mouth fluids of healthy seniors and the eventual changes after a modest trauma, i.e., tooth brushing. Seven heathy persons, aged more than 65 years, drooling saliva in a test tube provided the fluids for the analyses. After low speed centrifugation, small aliquots of supernatants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80° until use. Aliquots were thawed and used for quantification by the Lowry method of total proteins and by colorimetric ELISA of serum albumin, fibrinogen and lysozyme. Hemoglobin content was quantified by Spectrophotometry. Adjustment of saliva dilution, after a preliminary test, increased the homogeneity of the analytes’ content determined by colorimetric ELISA. The control reference to judge the quantity of serum in saliva was a pool of sera from age-matched healthy persons. Saliva collected from the seven healthy elderly person before and after tooth-and-gum, brushing presented measurable amount of the analytes, including fibrinogen, a minor component of the pooled sera. Tooth brushing did not induced statistically significant difference in analytes’ contents, suggesting that a measurable blood contamination is a frequent event in elderly persons. In conclusion, fibrinogen analysis in saliva is a promising approach to quantify serological biomarkers by a non-invasive procedure that will increase acceptability and frequency of analyses during follow-up in aging and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ravara
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, St Pölten, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, St Pölten, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten, Austria
| | - Ugo Carraro
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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81
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Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1819-1875. [PMID: 31434538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in metabolomics is leading to a renewed interest in metabolism and the role that small molecule metabolites play in many biological processes. As a result, traditional views of metabolites as being simply the "bricks and mortar" of cells or just the fuel for cellular energetics are being upended. Indeed, metabolites appear to have much more varied and far more important roles as signaling molecules, immune modulators, endogenous toxins, and environmental sensors. This review explores how metabolomics is yielding important new insights into a number of important biological and physiological processes. In particular, a major focus is on illustrating how metabolomics and discoveries made through metabolomics are improving our understanding of both normal physiology and the pathophysiology of many diseases. These discoveries are yielding new insights into how metabolites influence organ function, immune function, nutrient sensing, and gut physiology. Collectively, this work is leading to a much more unified and system-wide perspective of biology wherein metabolites, proteins, and genes are understood to interact synergistically to modify the actions and functions of organelles, organs, and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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82
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Ganguly A, Prasad S. Passively Addressable Ultra-Low Volume Sweat Chloride Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4590. [PMID: 31652574 PMCID: PMC6833906 DOI: 10.3390/s19204590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of chloride ion levels in ultra-low volumes (1-3 microliters) of passively expressed human sweat. We present here a hydration monitor that the pediatric, geriatric, and other immune-compromised or physically inactive/sedentary population cohort can utilize, for whom the current methods of chloride quantification of active stimulation of sweat glands through iontophoresis or treadmill runs are unsuitable. In this work, non-faradaic electroanalysis using gold microelectrodes deposited on a flexible nanoporous substrate, for high nanoscale surface area to volume enhancement, was leveraged to operate in ultra-low sweat volumes of <3 µL eluted at natural rates. The specific chloride ionophore-based affinity of chloride ions resulted in the modulation of charge transfer within the electrical double layer at the electrode-sweat buffer interface, which was transduced using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA). Linear calibration dose responses with R-squared values of 0.9746 and 0.9403 for EIS and CA respectively were obtained for a dynamic range of 10-100 mM. The surface charge and the binding chemistry of the capture probe were studied using zeta potential studies and UV-Vis. The dynamic sweat chloride-tracking capability of the sensor was evaluated for a duration of 180 min. Studies were conducted to probe the efficacy of the developed sensor for passive ultra-low sweat chloride assessment on human subjects (n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antra Ganguly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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83
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Delgado-Povedano MM, Castillo-Peinado LS, Calderón-Santiago M, Luque de Castro MD, Priego-Capote F. Dry sweat as sample for metabolomics analysis. Talanta 2019; 208:120428. [PMID: 31816748 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is gaining popularity in clinical metabolomics as this biofluid is non-invasively sampled and its composition is modified by several pathologies. There is a lack of standardized strategies for collection of human sweat. Most studies have been carried out with fresh sweat collected after stimulation. A promising and simple alternative is sampling dry sweat by a solid support impregnated with a suited solvent. This research was aimed at comparing the metabolomics coverage provided by dry sweat collected by two solid supports (gauzes and filter papers) impregnated with different solvents. The dissolved dry sweat was analyzed by a dual approach: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the tested sampling strategies, filter paper impregnated with 1:1 (v/v) ethanol‒phosphate buffer resulted the combination providing the highest metabolomics coverage (tentative identification of one hundred seventy-five compounds). Dry and fresh sweat were compared by using pools from the same individuals to evaluate compositional differences. Families of metabolites such as carnitines, sphingolipids and N-acyl-amino acids, among others, were exclusively identified in dry sweat. Comparison of both samples allowed concluding that dry sweat is better for analysis of low polar metabolites and fresh sweat is more suited for polar compounds. As most of the identified metabolites are involved in key biochemical pathways, this study opens interesting possibilities to the use of dry sweat as a source of metabolite markers for specific disorders. Sampling of dry sweat could provide a standardized approach for collection of this biofluid, thus overcoming the variability limitations of fresh sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Delgado-Povedano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - L S Castillo-Peinado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Institute, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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84
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Xiao J, Liu Y, Su L, Zhao D, Zhao L, Zhang X. Microfluidic Chip-Based Wearable Colorimetric Sensor for Simple and Facile Detection of Sweat Glucose. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14803-14807. [PMID: 31553565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a microfluidic chip-based wearable colorimetric sensor for detecting sweat glucose. The device consisted of five microfluidic channels branching out from the center and connected to the detection microchambers. The microchannels could route the sweat excreted from the epidermis to the microchambers, and each of them was integrated with a check valve to avoid the risk of the backflow of the chemical reagents from the microchamber. The microchambers contained the pre-embedded glucose oxidase (GOD)-peroxidase-o-dianisidine reagents for sensing the glucose in sweat. It was found that the color change caused by the enzymatic oxidation of o-dianisidine could show a more sensitive response to the glucose than that of the conventional GOD-peroxidase-KI system. This sensor could perform five parallel detections at one time. The obtained linear range for sweat glucose was 0.1-0.5 mM with a limit of detection of 0.03 mM. The sensor was also used to detect the glucose in sweat samples from a group of subjects engaged in both fasting and postprandial trials. The results showed that our wearable colorimetric sensor can reveal the subtle differences existing in the sweat glucose concentration after the fasting and the oral glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
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85
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Bandodkar AJ, Jeang WJ, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Wearable Sensors for Biochemical Sweat Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:1-22. [PMID: 30786214 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sweat is a largely unexplored biofluid that contains many important biomarkers ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to proteins, cytokines, antigens, and exogenous drugs. The eccrine and apocrine glands produce and excrete sweat through microscale pores on the epidermal surface, offering a noninvasive means for capturing and probing biomarkers that reflect hydration state, fatigue, nutrition, and physiological changes. Recent advances in skin-interfaced wearable sensors capable of real-time in situ sweat collection and analytics provide capabilities for continuous biochemical monitoring in an ambulatory mode of operation. This review presents a broad overview of sweat-based biochemical sensor technologies with an emphasis on enabling materials, designs, and target analytes of interest. The article concludes with a summary of challenges and opportunities for researchers and clinicians in this swiftly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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86
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Kim SB, Wu Y, Ostojich D, Park SH, Wang X, Weng Z, Li R, Bandodkar AJ, Sekine Y, Choi J, Xu S, Quaggin S, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Passive sweat collection and colorimetric analysis of biomarkers relevant to kidney disorders using a soft microfluidic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1545-1555. [PMID: 30912557 PMCID: PMC6830512 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rich range of biomarkers in sweat and the ability to collect sweat in a non-invasive manner create interest in the use of this biofluid for assessments of health and physiological status, with potential applications that range from sports and fitness to clinical medicine. This paper introduces two important advances in recently reported classes of soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems for sweat capture and analysis: (1) a simple, broadly applicable means for collection of sweat that bypasses requirements for physical/mental exertion or pharmacological stimulation and (2) a set of enzymatic chemistries and colorimetric readout approaches for determining the concentrations of creatinine and urea in sweat, throughout ranges that are physiologically relevant. The results allow for routine, non-pharmacological capture of sweat for patient populations, such as infants and the elderly, that cannot be expected to sweat through exercise, and they create potential opportunities in the use of sweat for kidney disease screening/monitoring. Studies on human subjects demonstrate these essential capabilities, with quantitative comparisons to standard methods. The results expand the range of options available in microfluidic sampling and sensing of sweat for disease diagnostics and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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87
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Wang G, Zhang S, Dong S, Lou D, Ma L, Pei X, Xu H, Farooq U, Guo W, Luo J. Stretchable Optical Sensing Patch System Integrated Heart Rate, Pulse Oxygen Saturation, and Sweat pH Detection. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1000-1005. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2866151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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88
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Zhang M, Guo S, Weller D, Hao Y, Wang X, Ding C, Chai K, Zou B, Liu R. CdSSe nanowire-chip based wearable sweat sensor. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:42. [PMID: 30914060 PMCID: PMC6434865 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sweat, as an easily accessible bodily fluid, is enriched with a lot of physiological and health information. A portable and wearable sweat sensor is an important device for an on-body health monitoring. However, there are only few such devices to monitor sweat. Based on the fact that sweat is mainly composed of moisture and salt which is much more abundant than other trace ions in sweat, a new route is proposed to realize wearable sweat sensors using CdSSe nanowire-chips coated with a polyimide (PI) membrane. Results Firstly, the composition-graded CdS1−xSex (x = 0–1) nanowire-chip based sensor shows good photo-sensitivity and stress sensitivity which induces linear humidity dependent conductivity. This indicates good moisture response with a maximum responsivity (dI/I) 244% at 80% relative humidity (RH) even in the dark. Furthermore, the linear current decrease with salt increase illustrates the chip sensor has a good salt-sensing ability with the best salt dependent responsivity of 80%, which guarantees the high prediction accuracy in sweat sensing. The sensor current is further proven to nonlinearly correlate to the amount of sweat with excellent stability, reproducibility and recoverability. The wearable sweat sensor is finally applied on-body real-time sweat analysis, showing good consistence with the body status during indoor exercise. Conclusions These results suggest that this CdSSe nanowire-chip based PI-coated integrated sensor, combined with inorganic and organic functional layers, provides a simple and reliable method to build up diverse portable and wearable devices for the applications on healthcare and athletic status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0480-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dieter Weller
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Yan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianshuang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Chai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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89
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Molecular composition of fingermarks: Assessment of the intra- and inter-variability in a small group of donors using MALDI-MSI. Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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90
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Carraro U. Collection of the Abstracts of the 2019Sp PMD: Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8155. [PMID: 31019666 PMCID: PMC6460219 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy and the A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy organized with the scientific support of Helmut Kern, Jonathan C. Jarvis, Viviana Moresi, Marco Narici, Feliciano Protasi, Marco Sandri and Ugo Carraro, the 2019SpringPaduaMuscleDays: Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine, an International Conference held March 28-30, 2019 in Euganei Hills and Padova (Italy). Presentations and discussions of the Three Physiology Lectures and of the seven Sessions (I: Spinal Cord Neuromodulation and h-bFES in SC; II: Muscle epigenetics in aging and myopathies; III: Experimental approaches in animal models; IV: Face and Voice Rejuvenation; V: Muscle Imaging; VI: Official Meeting of the EU Center of Active Aging; VII: Early Rehabilitation after knee and hip replacement) were at very high levels. This was true in the past and will be true in future events thanks to researchers and clinicians who were and are eager to attend the PaduaMuscleDays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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91
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He J, Xiao G, Chen X, Qiao Y, Xu D, Lu Z. A thermoresponsive microfluidic system integrating a shape memory polymer-modified textile and a paper-based colorimetric sensor for the detection of glucose in human sweat. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23957-23963. [PMID: 35530637 PMCID: PMC9069540 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Textile-based microfluidic analytical devices have demonstrated significant potentials in biomolecular detection; however, to date, they have not been integrated with a shape memory polymer to prepare a thermoresponsive device for human sweat analysis. Herein, a thermoresponsive textile/paper-based microfluidic analysis system was constructed by combining biocompatible polyurethane (PU), cotton fabric and a paper-based colorimetric sensor. The coating of PU endowed the textile with temperature-dependent shape memory capability and patterned the channels to guide the liquid transport. A paper-based colorimetric sensor was prepared via a layer-by-layer deposition method and coupled with a smartphone for the quantitative analysis of glucose concentration. The as-prepared thermoresponsive textile/paper-based microfluidic analysis system had the dynamic range of 50–600 μM and the detection limit of 13.49 μM. After being fixed in the inner collar of a shirt, the system demonstrated great capabilities for the thermal-triggered sweat transport and in situ detection of glucose in human sweat under a high-temperature condition (59 °C). This study not only provides a low-cost and easy-to-wear sweat analysis tool for the health monitoring of people working at high temperatures, but also expands the applications of shape memory polymers and textile-based microfluidic devices in point-of-care testing. A thermoresponsive textile/paper-based microfluidic system was fabricated by integrating a shape memory polymer, fabric and a paper-based sensor for human sweat glucose analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Xiaodie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology
- The Central Hospital of Wuhan
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430014
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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92
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Promphet N, Rattanawaleedirojn P, Siralertmukul K, Soatthiyanon N, Potiyaraj P, Thanawattano C, Hinestroza JP, Rodthongkum N. Non-invasive textile based colorimetric sensor for the simultaneous detection of sweat pH and lactate. Talanta 2019; 192:424-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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93
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Ma Z, Li S, Wang H, Cheng W, Li Y, Pan L, Shi Y. Advanced electronic skin devices for healthcare applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 7:173-197. [PMID: 32254546 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronic skin, a kind of flexible electronic device and system inspired by human skin, has emerged as a promising candidate for wearable personal healthcare applications. Wearable electronic devices with skin-like properties will provide platforms for continuous and real-time monitoring of human physiological signals such as tissue pressure, body motion, temperature, metabolites, electrolyte balance, and disease-related biomarkers. Transdermal drug delivery devices can also be integrated into electronic skin to enhance its non-invasive, real-time dynamic therapy functions. This review summarizes the recent progress in electronic skin devices for applications in human health monitoring and therapy systems as well as several potential mass production technologies such as inkjet printing and 3D printing. The opportunities and challenges in broadening the applications of electronic skin devices in practical healthcare are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China.
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94
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Criscuolo F, Taurino I, Carrara S, Micheli GD. A novel electrochemical sensor for non-invasive monitoring of lithium levels in mood disorders. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:3825-3828. [PMID: 30441199 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the main drug for the treatment of mood disorders. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a norm during therapy in order to avoid adverse effects. Consequently, patients are obliged to frequent check-ups in hospitals to determine their serum concentration and optimize accordingly the drug dose. Wearable sensors have attracted a growing interest in the research community in recent years owing to their promising impact in personalized healthcare. In particular, sweat diagnosis has seen an enormous expansion and is currently entering the market thanks to the large availability and simple collection of this fluid. In this paper a novel approach for non-invasive decentralized monitoring of lithium drug concentration through sweat analysis is proposed for the first time. An all-solid-state Ion- Selective Electrode (ISE) with a nanostructured Solid-Contact (SC) is used to detect lithium ions in sweat. The sensor offers near-Nernstian behaviour (57:6±2:1 mV/decade) in the concentration range of interest. In addition, it shows fast response (15-30 s), good reversibility and small potential drift over time. A wide pH stability window (pH 4-12) is also proved.
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95
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Harshman SW, Pitsch RL, Smith ZK, O’Connor ML, Geier BA, Qualley AV, Schaeublin NM, Fischer MV, Eckerle JJ, Strang AJ, Martin JA. The proteomic and metabolomic characterization of exercise-induced sweat for human performance monitoring: A pilot investigation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203133. [PMID: 30383773 PMCID: PMC6211630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweat is a biofluid with several attractive attributes. However, investigation into sweat for biomarker discovery applications is still in its infancy. To add support for the use of sweat as a non-invasive media for human performance monitoring, volunteer participants were subjected to a physical exertion model using a treadmill. Following exercise, sweat was collected, aliquotted, and analyzed for metabolite and protein content via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, the proteomic analysis illustrates significant enrichment steps will be required for proteomic biomarker discovery from single sweat samples as protein abundance is low in this medium. Furthermore, the results indicate a potential for protein degradation, or a large number of low molecular weight protein/peptides, in these samples. Metabolomic analysis shows a strong correlation in the overall abundance among sweat metabolites. Finally, hierarchical clustering of participant metabolite abundances show trends emerging, although no significant trends were observed (alpha = 0.8, lambda = 1 standard error via cross validation). However, these data suggest with a greater number of biological replicates, stronger, statistically significant results, can be obtained. Collectively, this study represents the first to simultaneously use both proteomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate sweat. These data highlight several pitfalls of sweat analysis for biomarker discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Harshman
- UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rhonda L. Pitsch
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zachary K. Smith
- UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maegan L. O’Connor
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science & Education, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Geier
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anthony V. Qualley
- UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicole M. Schaeublin
- UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Molly V. Fischer
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science & Education, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jason J. Eckerle
- InfoSciTex Corp., Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Strang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Martin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
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96
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Sekine Y, Kim SB, Zhang Y, Bandodkar AJ, Xu S, Choi J, Irie M, Ray TR, Kohli P, Kozai N, Sugita T, Wu Y, Lee K, Lee KT, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. A fluorometric skin-interfaced microfluidic device and smartphone imaging module for in situ quantitative analysis of sweat chemistry. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2178-2186. [PMID: 29955754 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rich composition of solutes and metabolites in sweat and its relative ease of collection upon excretion from skin pores make this class of biofluid an attractive candidate for point of care analysis. Wearable technologies that combine electrochemical sensors with conventional or emerging semiconductor device technologies offer valuable capabilities in sweat sensing, but they are limited to assays that support amperometric, potentiometric, and colorimetric analyses. Here, we present a complementary approach that exploits fluorometric sensing modalities integrated into a soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic system which, when paired with a simple smartphone-based imaging module, allows for in situ measurement of important biomarkers in sweat. A network array of microchannels and a collection of microreservoirs pre-filled with fluorescent probes that selectively react with target analytes in sweat (e.g. probes), enable quantitative, rapid analysis. Field studies on human subjects demonstrate the ability to measure the concentrations of chloride, sodium and zinc in sweat, with accuracy that matches that of conventional laboratory techniques. The results highlight the versatility of advanced fluorescent-based imaging modalities in body-worn sweat microfluidics platforms, and they suggest some practical potential for these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
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97
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Agrawal K, Sivamani RK, Newman JW. Noninvasive profiling of sweat-derived lipid mediators for cutaneous research. Skin Res Technol 2018; 25:3-11. [PMID: 30030941 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recent increases in the use of noninvasive matrices for biomedical analysis has led to interest in the evaluation of sweat for both clinical and research applications. However, despite being one of the two main cutaneous secretions, until very recently, only one study actually analyzed sweat in the context of cutaneous disease. This review attempts to make the case for increased use of sweat in cutaneous research, and discusses lipid mediators as potential analytical targets in sweat. METHODS Sweat composition and its relationship with the skin and systemic circulation are discussed, as are practical considerations for sweat sampling and analysis. Previous analyses of lipid mediators in skin biopsies are provided to show that lipid mediators can regulate cutaneous processes and disease pathways. Summaries of recent studies involving the analysis of sweat lipid mediators are provided to demonstrate the utility of sweat lipid mediator testing to support future cutaneous research studies. RESULTS Sweat has the potential to reflect both local and systemic biochemical changes in response to disease or intervention, and two recent studies of sweat lipid mediators confirm this ability. Additionally, sweat lipid mediators appear to be temporally stable with individual variability comparable to other matrices, suggesting that these analytes could be useful biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Sweat metabolites may be capable of reporting changes in cutaneous biochemical pathways, thereby providing insight into the immunomodulatory biochemistry of the skin. Lipid mediator analysis of sweat appears to be a non invasive approach that could enhance existing cutaneous research and diagnostic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Agrawal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.,West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University-Sacramento, Sacramento, California
| | - John W Newman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.,West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, Davis, California.,United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
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98
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Katchman BA, Zhu M, Blain Christen J, Anderson KS. Eccrine Sweat as a Biofluid for Profiling Immune Biomarkers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1800010. [PMID: 29882373 PMCID: PMC6282813 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sweat is a relatively unexplored biofluid for diagnosis and monitoring of disease states. In this study, the proteomic profiling of immune‐related biomarkers from healthy individuals are presented. Experimental Design Eccrine sweat samples are collected from 50 healthy individuals. LC‐MS/MS is performed on two pools of sweat samples from five male and female participants. Individual sweat samples are analyzed by antibody isotyping microarrays (n = 49), human cytokine arrays (n = 30), and quantitative ELISAs for interleukin‐1α (n = 16), epidermal growth factor (n = 6), and angiogenin (n = 7). Results In sweat, 220 unique proteins are identified by shotgun analysis. Detectable antibody isotypes include IgA (100% positive; median 1230 ± 28 700 pg mL−1), IgD (18%; 22.0 ± 119 pg mL−1), IgG1 (96%; 1640 ± 6750 pg mL−1), IgG2 (37%; 292 ± 6810 pg mL−1), IgG3 (71%; 74.0 ± 119 pg mL−1), IgG4 (69%; 43.0 ± 42.0 pg mL−1), and IgM (41%; 69.0 ± 1630 pg mL−1). Of 42 cytokines, three are readily detected in all sweat samples (p < 0.01). The median concentration for interleukin‐1α is 352 ± 521 pg mL−1, epidermal growth factor is 86.5 ± 147 pg mL−1, and angiogenin is 38.3 ± 96.3 pg mL−1. Multiple other cytokines are detected at lower levels. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Sweat can be used for profiling antibodies and innate immune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Katchman
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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99
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Kirwan JA, Brennan L, Broadhurst D, Fiehn O, Cascante M, Dunn WB, Schmidt MA, Velagapudi V. Preanalytical Processing and Biobanking Procedures of Biological Samples for Metabolomics Research: A White Paper, Community Perspective (for "Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group"-The Metabolomics Society Initiative). Clin Chem 2018; 64:1158-1182. [PMID: 29921725 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolome of any given biological system contains a diverse range of low molecular weight molecules (metabolites), whose abundances can be affected by the timing and method of sample collection, storage, and handling. Thus, it is necessary to consider the requirements for preanalytical processes and biobanking in metabolomics research. Poor practice can create bias and have deleterious effects on the robustness and reproducibility of acquired data. CONTENT This review presents both current practice and latest evidence on preanalytical processes and biobanking of samples intended for metabolomics measurement of common biofluids and tissues. It highlights areas requiring more validation and research and provides some evidence-based guidelines on best practices. SUMMARY Although many researchers and biobanking personnel are familiar with the necessity of standardizing sample collection procedures at the axiomatic level (e.g., fasting status, time of day, "time to freezer," sample volume), other less obvious factors can also negatively affect the validity of a study, such as vial size, material and batch, centrifuge speeds, storage temperature, time and conditions, and even environmental changes in the collection room. Any biobank or research study should establish and follow a well-defined and validated protocol for the collection of samples for metabolomics research. This protocol should be fully documented in any resulting study and should involve all stakeholders in its design. The use of samples that have been collected using standardized and validated protocols is a prerequisite to enable robust biological interpretation unhindered by unnecessary preanalytical factors that may complicate data analysis and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kirwan
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Sovaris Aerospace, LLC, Boulder, CO
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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100
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Agrawal K, Bosviel R, Piccolo BD, Newman JW. Oral ibuprofen differentially affects plasma and sweat lipid mediator profiles in healthy adult males. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 137:1-8. [PMID: 29778785 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sweat contains a variety of lipid mediators, but whether they originate from the plasma filtrate or from the cutaneous sweat glandular tissues themselves is unknown. To explore this knowledge gap, we collected plasma and sweat from healthy men (n = 9) immediately before and 0.5, 2 and 4 h after oral administration of 400 mg ibuprofen. Of the over 100 lipid mediators assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ∼45 were detected in both plasma and sweat, and 36 were common to both matrices. However, baseline concentrations in each matrix were not correlated and metabolite relative abundances between matrices differed. Oral ibuprofen administration altered sweat lipid mediators, reducing prostaglandin E2, linoleoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide, while increasing 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and causing transient changes in 9-nitrooleate, N-arachidonylglycine and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Meanwhile, plasma N-acylethanolamide concentrations increased with ibuprofen administration. These results suggest that sweat and plasma differentially reflect biochemical changes due to oral ibuprofen administration, and that plasma is unlikely to be the predominant source of the sweat lipid mediator profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Agrawal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Rémy Bosviel
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - John W Newman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 430 W Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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