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Samuels J, Bienvenu OJ, Krasnow J, Wang Y, Grados MA, Cullen B, Goes FS, Maher B, Greenberg BD, McLaughlin NC, Rasmussen SA, Fyer AJ, Knowles JA, McCracken JT, Piacentini J, Geller D, Stewart SE, Murphy DL, Shugart YY, Riddle MA, Nestadt G. General personality dimensions, impairment and treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:186-198. [PMID: 31859455 PMCID: PMC7202992 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
General personality dimensions are associated with clinical severity and treatment response in individuals with depression and many anxiety disorders, but little is known about these relationships in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individuals in the current study included 705 adults with OCD who had participated in family and genetic studies of the disorder. Participants self-completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventory or Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five-Factor Inventory-3. Relationships between personality scores, and subjective impairment and OCD treatment response, were evaluated. The odds of subjective impairment increased with (unit increase in) the neuroticism score (odds ratio, OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04; p < 0.01) and decreased with extraversion scores (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.96-0.99; p < 0.01). The odds of reporting a good response to serotonin/selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04; p < 0.01) or cognitive behavioural therapy (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.05; p < 0.01) increased with the extraversion score. The magnitude of these relationships did not change appreciably after adjusting for other clinical features related to one or more of the personality dimensions. The findings suggest that neuroticism and extraversion are associated with subjective impairment, and that extraversion is associated with self-reported treatment response, in individuals with OCD. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - O. Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janice Krasnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco A. Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernadette Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole C. McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven A. Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abby J. Fyer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - James T. McCracken
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dan Geller
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S. Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Dennis L. Murphy
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (deceased)
| | - Yin-Yao Shugart
- Unit of Statistical Genomics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark A. Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shao X, Zhu G. Associations Among Monoamine Neurotransmitter Pathways, Personality Traits, and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32477180 PMCID: PMC7237722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disease requiring multidisciplinary approaches to identify specific risk factors and establish more efficacious treatment strategies. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of MDD are not clear until these days, it is acknowledged that they are almost certainly multifactorial and comprehensive. Monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction and specific personality traits are independent risk factors for depression and suicide. These factors also demonstrate complex interactions that influence MDD pathogenesis and symptom expression. In this review, we assess these relationships with the aim of providing a reference for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mesbah R, Koenders MA, Spijker AT, de Leeuw M, Boschloo L, Penninx BWJH, van Hemert AM, Giltay EJ. Personality traits and the risk of incident (hypo)mania among subjects initially suffering from depressive and anxiety disorders in a 9-year cohort study. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:451-457. [PMID: 31611003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by the alternating occurrence of (hypo)manic and depressive episodes. The aim of the current study was to determine whether personality traits independently predicted the subsequent development of (hypo)manic episodes within a group of patients who were initially diagnosed with depressive and anxiety disorders. METHODS The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety is a cohort study with measurements taken at baseline and at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 9-year follow-up. Development of a (hypo)manic episode during follow-up was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and (hypo)manic symptoms were evaluated with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. The Big Five personality traits were the independent variables in multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS There were 31 incident cases of (hypo)manic episodes (n = 1888, mean age 42.5 years, 68.3% women), and 233 incident cases of (hypo)manic symptoms (n = 1319, mean age 43.1, 71.9% women). In multivariable analyses, low agreeableness was independently associated with an increased risk of developing a (hypo)manic episode, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.54 (p = 0.002, 95% CI [0.37, 0.78]). This finding was consistent with the development of (hypo)manic symptoms (HR 0.77, p = 0.001, 95% CI [0.66, 0.89]). LIMITATIONS The 2-year lag-time analysis reduced the number of participants at risk of a (hypo)manic episode. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that low agreeableness is a personality-related risk factor for incident (hypo)mania among subjects initially suffering from depressive and anxiety disorders. Increased attention to personality deviances could help to recognize BD at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mesbah
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Mental Health Care PsyQ Kralingen, Department of Mood Disorders, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M A Koenders
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands; Mental Health Care PsyQ Kralingen, Department of Mood Disorders, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A T Spijker
- Mental Health Care PsyQ Kralingen, Department of Mood Disorders, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M de Leeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Mental Health Care Rivierduinen, Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L Boschloo
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Spangenberg H, Ramklint M, Ramirez A. Long-term stability of personality traits in a clinical psychiatric sample. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:309-316. [PMID: 31304872 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1623316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to describe personality traits in psychiatric patients and to investigate whether these traits are stable over 13 years. Methods: A total of 95 individuals who were patients at a psychiatric outpatients' clinic in 2003 completed the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). Scores from 2003 were compared with SSP scores from 2016. Based on the current score on the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale - self rating for affective disorders (CPRS-S-A), the participants were divided into two groups representing 'good' and 'poor' current mental states, to investigate the effect of current mental state on reports of personality traits. Results: Out of 13 personality traits, 11 showed a significant change in mean T-score over the study interval. The group with lower CPRS-S-A scores showed a significant change in T-score for 10 traits, whereas in the group with higher CPRS-S-A scores only 3 traits showed a significant change. Conclusions: The findings support the theory that personality is changeable over the course of life, also in psychiatric patients. We do not know if persisting psychiatric symptoms halter change or if deviant personality traits cause psychiatric symptoms to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Spangenberg
- a Department of Neuroscience, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mia Ramklint
- a Department of Neuroscience, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Adriana Ramirez
- a Department of Neuroscience, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Peri JM, Muñoz-Champel A, Torrubia R, Gutiérrez F. The General Criteria for Personality Disorders Assessed by Interview: Do They Still Have a Role to Play? J Pers Disord 2019; 33:515-S9. [PMID: 30307831 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
On the path to developing dimensional models of personality disorder (PD), we are at risk of leaving key diagnostic aspects behind. The general criteria for PD may be important ones because they reflect the defining aspects of personality pathology: long duration, independence from psychopathological states, and harmfulness. We assessed these criteria by interview in a sample of 362 psychiatric outpatients after administering the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. The result was a 42.5% fall in self-reported endorsements, due to misinterpretations (11.5%), short duration of traits or contamination by state psychopathology (9.8%), and traits being non-harmful (21.2%). However, not all personality traits and disorders underwent correction to the same extent, and ultimately, the interview did not improve the prediction of clinical variables. These findings raise doubts about the practical relevance of the general criteria for PD and support the role of self-report questionnaires for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Peri
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz-Champel
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Fernando Gutiérrez
- Personality Disorder Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
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Psychiatric Assessment in Patients with Mild Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:4139404. [PMID: 30733834 PMCID: PMC6348858 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4139404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The findings of previous studies focused on personality disorders in epileptic patients are difficult to interpret due to nonhomogeneous samples and noncomparable methods. Here, we aimed at studying the personality profile in patients with mild temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with psychiatric comorbidity. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients with mTLE (22 males, mean age 40.7 ± 12.1) underwent awake and sleep EEG, 3T brain MRI, and an extensive standardized diagnostic neuropsychiatric battery: Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), Beck Depression Inventory-2, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Drug history was collected in detail. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed on TCI-R data, while all other clinical and psychological variables were compared across the resulting clusters. Results Scores of Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Persistence (P), Cooperativeness (C), and Self-Transcendence (ST) allowed the identification of two clusters, describing different personality subtypes. Cluster 1 was characterized by an early onset, more severe anxiety traits, and combined drug therapy (antiepileptic drug and Benzodiazepine/Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) compared to Cluster 2. Conclusions Our findings suggest that different personality traits may play a role in determining the clinical outcome in patients with mTLE. Specifically, lower scores of HA, RD, P, C, and ST were associated with worse clinical outcome. Thus, personality assessment could serve as an early indicator of greater disease severity, improving the management of mTLE.
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Milic V, Grujic M, Barisic J, Marinkovic-Eric J, Duisin D, Cirkovic A, Damjanov N. Personality, depression and anxiety in primary Sjogren's syndrome - Association with sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210466. [PMID: 30653543 PMCID: PMC6336324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) have diminished health quality and fatigue, arthralgia along with dryness of the mouth and eyes have major impact on their psychological and social aspects of life. The purpose of this study was to determine psychological features of patients with pSS. We analyzed personality, depression and anxiety of patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) in comparison with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls (HC) and assessed their association with sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. Methods In 105 pSS patients (mean age 51.34 years, mean disease duration 5.98 years), 52 RA patients (mean age 51.37 years, mean disease duration 8.10 years) and 54 HC (mean age 51.35 years) clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were determined and results analyzed. At enrollment patients and controls completed the Revisited NEO Personality Inventory Five-Factor model (NEO-PI-R), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS [Version 16.0]. The relative size of the effect was assessed based on standardized estimates of effect size (d). Results Patients with pSS, similarly to RA patients had higher scores of Neuroticism (d = 0.46, p = 0.007) and lower scores of Extraversion (d = 0.51, p = 0.001) and Openness for experience (d = 0.65, p = 0.013) compared to HC. There was no significant differences between pSS group and HC in the depression (d = 0.171, p>0.05). However, patients with pSS had higher anxiety in comparison to HC (p<0.0001). In multivariate models, education and satisfaction with family relationships were significant predictors for psychological characteristics of patients, independently of clinical diagnosis. Conclusions Our study is the first to show that patients with pSS scored high on neuroticism and anxiety and low on sociability. Education and satisfaction with family relationships predisposed to their psychological profile. Psychological assessment of patients with pSS may improve understanding and treatment of this clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Milic
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Milica Grujic
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Barisic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marinkovic-Eric
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Duisin
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andja Cirkovic
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Damjanov
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ribadier A, Varescon I. Anxiety and depression in alcohol use disorder individuals: the role of personality and coping strategies. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1475-1484. [PMID: 30973041 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1586950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depression favor the maintenance and relapse of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Some five factor model personality dimensions (e.g. high neuroticism, low extraversion, and conscientiousness) and coping strategies (e.g. high avoidant and low problem-focused) are associated with AUD and with anxiety and/or depression in AUD individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate personality and coping in an AUD population as potential predictors of anxiety and depression. Methods: Through a cross-sectional and multicenter study, 122 AUD people (74 men and 48 women) responded to a sociodemographic interview and three self-questionnaires assessing personality (BFI), coping strategies (brief COPE), and anxiety-depression symptomatology (HADS). Comparative and correlational analyses, as well as hierarchical regressions, were performed. Results: AUD women show higher neuroticism, use more emotion-focused coping and less problem-focused coping than AUD men. They also present higher anxiety. Neuroticism is associated with an ineffective use of coping strategies. Other dimensions, such as openness to experience, extraversion, and conscientiousness, show negative relationships with avoidant coping and positive links with problem-focused strategies. Neuroticism, avoidant coping and gender are predictive for anxiety. Both avoidant and problem-focused coping, but no personality dimension, are predictive for depression. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of interventions involving specific coping strategies in AUD patients (whether or not anxiety and/or depression is present), both to reduce alcohol use and prevent relapse. Specific therapeutic support for women would be beneficial in the case of anxiety comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Ribadier
- a Universite Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
| | - Isabelle Varescon
- a Universite Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
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Bewernick BH, Kilian HM, Schmidt K, Reinfeldt RE, Kayser S, Coenen VA, Markett S, Schlaepfer TE. Deep brain stimulation of the supero-lateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle does not lead to changes in personality in patients suffering from severe depression. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2684-2692. [PMID: 29493478 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of changes in patients' social behavior during deep brain stimulation (DBS) raised the question whether DBS induces changes in personality. This study explored if (1) DBS is associated with changes in personality in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD), (2) how personality dimensions and depression are associated, and (3) if TRD patients' self-ratings of personality are valid. METHODS TRD patients were assessed before DBS (n = 30), 6 months (t2, n = 21), 2 (t3, n = 17) and 5 years (t4, n = 11) after the initiation of DBS of the supero-lateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (slMFB-DBS). Personality was measured with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), depression severity with Hamilton (HDRS), and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS Personality dimensions did not change with slMFB-DBS compared with baseline. Extraversion was negatively correlated with HDRS28 (r = -0.48, p < 0.05) and MADRS (r = -0.45, p < 0.05) at t2. Inter-rater reliability was high for the NEO-FFI at baseline (Cronbach's α = 0.74) and at t4 (α = 0.65). Extraversion [t(29) = -5.20; p < 0.001] and openness to experience [t(29) = -6.96; p < 0.001] differed statistically significant from the normative sample, and did not predict the antidepressant response. CONCLUSIONS slMFB-DBS was not associated with a change in personality. The severity of depression was associated with extraversion. Personality of TRD patients differed from the healthy population and did not change with response, indicating a possible scar effect. Self-ratings of personality seem valid to assess personality during TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah M Kilian
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry,University Hospital Freiburg,Germany
| | - Klaudius Schmidt
- Department of General Psychology I,University of Cologne,Germany
| | - Ruth E Reinfeldt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geronto Psychiatry,University Hospital Bonn,Germany
| | - Sarah Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Hospital Mainz,Germany
| | - Volker A Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery,University Hospital Freiburg,Germany
| | | | - Thomas E Schlaepfer
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry,University Hospital Freiburg,Germany
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Alizadeh Z, Feizi A, Rejali M, Afshar H, Keshteli AH, Adibi P. The Predictive Value of Personality Traits for Psychological Problems (Stress, Anxiety and Depression): Results from a Large Population Based Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018; 8:124-133. [PMID: 30864753 PMCID: PMC7377556 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the prognostic values of personality traits for common psychological problems in a large sample of Iranian adult. In a large sample of healthy people (n = 4763) who lived in Isfahan province; the NEO-FFI was used to assess the personality traits; depression and anxiety were assessed using the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)" also stress was measured through Persian validated version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) analysis was used as main statistical method for data analysis. ROC analysis showed neuroticism was the best predictor for all psychological problems with highest area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for stress, 0.837 (0.837-0.851), anxiety 0.861 (0.847-0.876) and depression 0.833 (0.820-0.846) (p < .001) and the corresponding cut-off points (sensitivity, specificity), were 21.5 (77%, 66%), 22.5 (81%, 77%) and 20.5 (77%, 74%), respectively. Other personality traits were significant protective factors for being affected with psychological problems (p < .001). Similar findings were observed separately in women and men. The present study showed that the neuroticism is significant risk factor for being affected with three psychological problems while other traits are significant protective factors. Personality traits are useful indices for screening psychological problems and an effective pathway toward prevention in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Rejali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Integrative Functional, Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sadeq NA, Molinari V. Personality and its Relationship to Depression and Cognition in Older Adults: Implications for Practice. Clin Gerontol 2018; 41:385-398. [PMID: 29279022 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1407981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality is an important contributor to an individual's mental health and is consistently linked to the two most prevalent mental health conditions among older adults: dementia and depression. This review summarizes the current findings on personality and its association with cognitive decline and depression, as well as treatment outcomes and possible intervention strategies. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Search terms included 'personality traits,' 'depression,' 'treatment,' and 'older adults.' RESULTS Cognitive decline and depressive disorders are both associated with a common personality profile: high neuroticism, and low conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness. Across studies, the most consistent predictor of late-life depression, its course, and treatment outcomes is higher neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits are associated with cognitive decline, as well as the diagnosis and course of late-life depression in older adults. However, formal personality assessment is not typically incorporated in clients' treatment plans, even though personality traits may influence treatment efficacy and outcomes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Formal assessment of personality traits may be beneficial in terms of treatment adherence and outcomes for older adults. Tailored interventions that specifically target the client's strengths are likely to be well received by both clients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen A Sadeq
- a School of Aging Studies , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Victor Molinari
- a School of Aging Studies , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
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Lauderdale SA, Martin KJ, Moore J. Aversive Indecisiveness Predicts Risks for and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Over Avoidant Indecisiveness. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-018-0302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jourdy R, Petot JM, Aguerre C. The relationships between personality traits and one-year outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder without psychotic features. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schoormans D, Verhoeven JE, Denollet J, van de Poll-Franse L, Penninx BWJH. Leukocyte telomere length and personality: associations with the Big Five and Type D personality traits. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1008-1019. [PMID: 28889809 PMCID: PMC5851042 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Backgrounds Accelerated cellular ageing, which can be examined by telomere length (TL), may be an overarching mechanism underlying the association between personality and adverse health outcomes. This 6-year longitudinal study examined the relation between personality and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) across time among adults with a wide age-range. METHODS Data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used and included patients with a depression and/or anxiety disorder and healthy controls. Overall, 2936 persons (18-65 years, 66% female) had data on LTL at baseline and 1883 persons had LTL at 6-year follow-up. The Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and Type D personality were assessed. RESULTS Neuroticism was negatively (B = -2.11, p = 0.03) and agreeableness was positively (B = 3.84, p = 0.03) related to LTL measured across two time points, which became just non-significant after adjusting for somatic health, lifestyle factors, and recent life stress (B = -1.99, p = 0.06; and B = 3.01, p = 0.10). Type D personality was negatively (B = -50.16, p < 0.01) related to LTL across two time points, which still remained statistically significant after full adjustment (B = -47.37, p = 0.01). Associations did not differ by age, gender, and current psychiatric status. CONCLUSIONS The Big Five traits high neuroticism and low agreeableness, and Type D personality were associated with shorter LTL measured across a 6-year period. Associations with the Big Five traits became non-significant after controlling for somatic health, lifestyle factors, and recent life stress, yet similar trends were observed. Type D personality remained independently associated with shorter LTL after full adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Schoormans
- Department of Medical and Clinical
psychology, CoRPS – Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic
diseases, Tilburg University,
Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. E. Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Denollet
- Department of Medical and Clinical
psychology, CoRPS – Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic
diseases, Tilburg University,
Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - L. van de Poll-Franse
- Department of Medical and Clinical
psychology, CoRPS – Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic
diseases, Tilburg University,
Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization
(IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and
Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Bayard S, Križan Z, Terracciano A. Personality and sleep quality: Evidence from four prospective studies. Health Psychol 2018; 37:271-281. [PMID: 29172602 PMCID: PMC5837948 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the longitudinal association between personality traits and sleep quality in 4 samples of middle-aged and older adults. METHOD Participants (N > 22,000) were adults aged 30 to 107 years old from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Midlife in Japan Study (MIDJA). Personality and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and again 4 to 10 years later. RESULTS Scoring lower on neuroticism and higher on extraversion was associated with better sleep quality at baseline and over time, with effect sizes larger than those of demographic factors. Low conscientiousness was associated with a worsening of sleep quality over time. Openness and agreeableness were unrelated to sleep quality. Poor sleep quality at baseline was associated with steeper declines in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a smaller decrease in neuroticism over time. CONCLUSION Replicable findings across samples support longitudinal associations between personality and sleep quality. This study identified specific personality traits that are associated with poor and worsening sleep quality, and substantiated previous findings that poor sleep quality is associated with detrimental personality trajectories. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R. Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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66
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Weddell RA, Wood RL. Perceived personality change after traumatic brain injury II: comparing participant and informant perspectives. Brain Inj 2018; 32:442-452. [PMID: 29364001 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1429657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to correlate informant personality change (PC) judgements following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury with quantitative neurobehavioural measures and to contrast the neurobehavioural correlates of informant and participant judgements of PC. PARTICIPANTS Informant-participant pairs were recruited from a medico-legal clinic passing effort tests (N = 31) and a National Health Service clinic (N = 40). MEASURES Participants were assessed on Wechsler tests of general ability, tests of executive functioning (Zoo Map and Fluency) and emotional distress (Beck Depression Inventory-FastScreen, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-II). Informants' expressed emotion towards participants was assessed with the family questionnaire. Both completed the DEX, the Frontal and Social Behavior Questionnaire and PC ratings. RESULTS The correlates of participant and informant ratings of participant PC partially overlapped. For example, participant self-reported PC was associated with self-reported dysexecutive symptoms and emotional distress. In contrast, informant report of participant PC was associated with lower perceived emotional recognition and empathy, informant report of dysexecutive symptoms and high informant expressed emotion. CONCLUSIONS It is argued that whilst researchers aim to exhaustively quantify specific neurobehavioural changes and their clusters, partially overlapping subsets of these changes evoke the PC judgements of participants and informants. The clinical implications of this are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger A Weddell
- a Neuropsychology Department , Morriston Hospital , Swansea , UK.,b Brain Injury Research Group , Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Rodger Ll Wood
- b Brain Injury Research Group , Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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Alizadeh Z, Feizi A, Rejali M, Afshar H, Keshteli AH, Adibi P. The Predictive Value of Personality Traits for Psychological Problems (Stress, Anxiety and Depression): Results from a Large Population Based Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Rejali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Integrative Functional, Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Popa CO, Rus AV, Skinner C, Jakab ZS. The Relation of Dysfunctional Cognitive Schemas and Personality Dimensions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amma-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated whether differences exist in the structural personality dimensions and eighteen maladaptive cognitive schemas among in- and out-patients (Clinical Group) diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and people from the general population without any psychiatric diagnostic (Control Group).
Methods: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) sample (N = 100) included 35 (35%) men and 65 (65%) women, with a mean age of 36.4 years (SD = 10.86; age range 18-69). The control sample (N = 100), included 28 (28%) men and 72 (72%) women, with a mean age of 27.1 years (SD = 9.8; age range 19-60). Data were simultaneously analyzed with one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to measure the effect of group membership on personality dimensions and on dysfunctional cognitive schemas, controlling for participants' age. Next, univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were done on each item with covariate-adjusted post-hoc comparisons.
Results: The results indicate that the Clinical Group participants had unfavorable scores on all five personality dimensions (i.e., Openness, Extraversion; Conscientiousness; Agreeability; and Emotional Stability - Neuroticism) and for almost all of the dysfunctional cognitive schemas in comparison with participants in the Control Group.
Conclusions: These results have general implications in understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) clients and their personality characteristic's profile and dysfunctional/maladaptive cognitive schemas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Octavian Popa
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures , Romania , Department of Ethics and Social Sciences
| | - Adrian V. Rus
- Southwestern Christian University , Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Bethany , OK, USA
| | - Cathleen Skinner
- Southwestern Christian University , Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Bethany , OK, USA
| | - Zsolt S. Jakab
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures , Department of Counseling and Career Guidance , Romania
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Chen X, Xu J, Li B, Li N, Guo W, Ran MS, Zhang J, Yang Y, Hu J. The Role of Personality and Subjective Exposure Experiences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms among Children Following Wenchuan Earthquake. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17223. [PMID: 29222486 PMCID: PMC5722865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of personality traits and subjective exposure experiences in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms. In Qingchuan, 21,652 children aged 7 to 15 years were assessed using face-to-face interviews one year after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. The Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, a modified earthquake exposure scale, the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (adolescent), and the Adolescent Depression Inventory were used to assess personality characteristics, trauma experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms, respectively. The measurement was completed with 20,749 children. After adjusting for other factors by multinomial logistic regression analysis, neuroticism, having felt unable to escape from the disaster and having been trapped for a longer time were risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms. Socialization was a protective factor of them. Having felt extreme panic or fear was a risk factor of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. For depression symptoms, introversion and psychoticism were risk factors, and extraversion was a protective factor. This study was conducted with the largest representative sample of child survivors of a natural, devastating disaster in a developing country. These results could be useful for planning psychological intervention strategies for children and for influencing further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiacan Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Li
- Mental Health Centre of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junmei Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Strumila R, Lengvenytė A, Vainutienė V, Lesinskas E. The role of questioning environment, personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms in tinnitus severity perception. Psychiatr Q 2017; 88:865-877. [PMID: 28229347 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-017-9502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychological factors have been described as important for tinnitus severity, but attempts to incorporate them in one picture are sparse. This study investigated to what extent traits (personality), states (depressive and anxiety symptoms), sociodemographic factors and questioning environment influence tinnitus severity perception and how they interplay. Data were obtained from 212 subjects in a survey that was undertaken in 2016 at Vilnius University hospital and via internet. Measures included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Big Five Personality Dimensions Scale and sociodemographic questions. A series of stepwise forward and multiple regression analyses were undertaken to discover how factors interconnect. Female gender, age, living in rural area, but not level of education, were found to be associated with THI and HADS. Total HADS score and of both subscales were linked to scores on THI, VAS scales and all personality traits, except agreeableness (and consciousness for anxiety). Anxiety was the most important predictor for tinnitus severity, followed by depressive symptoms. Only neuroticism from personality dimensions was a predictor of THI score, whereas THI scores did not predict scores on neuroticism. All results in scales were higher in the internet group, except agreeableness and neuroticism, while extroversion correlated negatively with THI score only in the hospital group. Tinnitus severity was highly correlated with depressive, anxiety symptoms and neuroticism. Respondents recruited through internet had higher scores on most parameters. Results emphasize the importance of psychological factors in tinnitus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Strumila
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio street 21, LT-03101, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aistė Lengvenytė
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vasaros street 5, LT-10309, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vija Vainutienė
- Center of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Santariškių street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eugenijus Lesinskas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio street 21, LT-03101, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Santariškių street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jourdy R, Petot JM. Relationships between personality traits and depression in the light of the “Big Five” and their different facets. EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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72
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Hori H, Teraishi T, Nagashima A, Koga N, Ota M, Hattori K, Kim Y, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. A personality-based latent class typology of outpatients with major depressive disorder: association with symptomatology, prescription pattern and social function. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:8-15. [PMID: 28364620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered to be a heterogeneous disorder, the nature of the heterogeneity remains unclear. Studies have attempted to classify patients with MDD using latent variable techniques, yet the empirical approaches to symptom-based subtyping of MDD have not provided conclusive evidence. Here we aimed to identify homogeneous classes of MDD based on personality traits, using a latent profile analysis. METHODS We studied 238 outpatients with DSM-IV MDD recruited from our specialized depression outpatient clinic and assessed their dimensional personality traits with the Temperament and Character Inventory. Latent profile analysis was conducted with 7 dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory as indicators. Relationships of the identified classes with symptomatology, prescription pattern, and social function were then examined. RESULTS The latent profile analysis indicated that a 3-class solution best fit the data. Of the sample, 46.2% was classified into a "neurotic" group characterized by high harm avoidance and low self-directedness; 30.3% into an "adaptive" group characterized by high self-directedness and cooperativeness; and 23.5% into a "socially-detached" group characterized by low reward dependence and cooperativeness and high self-transcendence. The 2 maladaptive groups, namely neurotic and socially-detached groups, demonstrated unique patterns of symptom expression, different classes of psychotropic medication use, and lower social functioning. LIMITATIONS Generalizability of the findings was limited since our patients were recruited from the specialized depression outpatient clinic. CONCLUSIONS Our personality-based latent profile analysis identified clinically meaningful 3 MDD groups that were markedly different in their personality profiles associated with distinct symptomatology and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Nagashima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Koga
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Spinhoven P, Huijbers MJ, Zheng Y, Ormel J, Speckens AE. Mindfulness facets and Big Five personality facets in persons with recurrent depression in remission. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Spinhoven P, Huijbers MJ, Ormel J, Speckens AEM. Improvement of mindfulness skills during Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy predicts long-term reductions of neuroticism in persons with recurrent depression in remission. J Affect Disord 2017; 213:112-117. [PMID: 28213122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether changes in mindfulness skills following Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are predictive of long-term changes in personality traits. METHODS Using data from the MOMENT study, we included 278 participants with recurrent depression in remission allocated to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Mindfulness skills were measured with the FFMQ at baseline, after treatment and at 15-month follow-up and personality traits with the NEO-PI-R at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS For 138 participants, complete repeated assessments of mindfulness and personality traits were available. Following MBCT participants manifested significant improvement of mindfulness skills. Moreover, at 15-month follow-up participants showed significantly lower levels of neuroticism and higher levels of conscientiousness. Large improvements in mindfulness skills after treatment predicted the long-term changes in neuroticism but not in conscientiousness, while controlling for use of maintenance antidepressant medication, baseline depression severity and change in depression severity during follow-up (IDS-C). In particular improvements in the facets of acting with awareness predicted lower levels of neuroticism. Sensitivity analyses with multiple data imputation yielded similar results. LIMITATIONS Uncontrolled clinical study with substantial attrition based on data of two randomized controlled trials. CONCLUSIONS The design of the present study precludes to establish whether there is any causal association between changes in mindfulness and subsequent changes in neuroticism. MBCT could be a viable intervention to directly target one of the most important risk factors for onset and maintenance of recurrent depression and other mental disorders, i.e. neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marloes J Huijbers
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Reinier Postlaan 10, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E M Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Reinier Postlaan 10, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kok AAL, Plaisier I, Smit JH, Penninx BWJH. The impact of conscientiousness, mastery, and work circumstances on subsequent absenteeism in employees with and without affective disorders. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:10. [PMID: 28356128 PMCID: PMC5372251 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High numbers of employees are coping with affective disorders. At the same time, ambitiousness, achievement striving and a strong sense of personal control and responsibility are personality characteristics that are nowadays regarded as key to good work functioning, whereas social work circumstances tend to be neglected. However, it is largely unkown how personality characteristics and work circumstances affect work functioning when facing an affective disorder. Given the high burden of affective disorders on occupational health, we investigate these issues in the context of affective disorders and absenteeism from work. The principal aim of this paper is to examine whether particular personality characteristics that reflect self-governance (conscientiousness and mastery) and work circumstances (demands, control, support) influence the impact of affective disorders on long-term absenteeism (>10 working days). METHODS Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 1249 participants in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) in 2004-2006 was employed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, including interaction effects between depressive, anxiety, and comorbid disorders and personality and work circumstances. RESULTS In general, mastery and conscientiousness increased nor diminished odds of subsequent long-term absenteeism, whereas higher job support significantly decreased these odds. Interaction effects showed that the impact of affective disorders on absenteeism was stronger for highly conscientious employees and for employees who experienced high job demands. CONCLUSIONS Affective disorders may particularly severely affect work functioning of employees who are highly conscientious or face high psychological job demands. Adjusting working conditions to their individual needs may prevent excessive work absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almar A L Kok
- Department of Sociology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inger Plaisier
- The Netherlands Institute for Social Research, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fischer LK, Schreyer CC, Coughlin JW, Redgrave GW, Guarda AS. Neuroticism and clinical course of weight restoration in a meal-based, rapid-weight gain, inpatient-partial hospitalization program for eating disorders. Eat Disord 2017; 25:52-64. [PMID: 27775490 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2016.1241056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of personality on weight restoration in 211 underweight (BMI ≤ 19 kg/m2) females admitted to an inpatient-partial hospitalization program for eating disorders. Symptomatology and personality were assessed by questionnaires, and clinical and demographic variables were assessed by chart review. Neuroticism, a personality trait associated with reactivity to stress, was correlated with higher symptomatology, chronicity, length of stay, and income source. Contrary to our hypothesis, neuroticism was positively associated with weight restoration. Length of stay mediated this relationship such that longer length of stay in patients with high neuroticism explained their higher likelihood of weight restoration prior to program discharge. Higher neuroticism is therefore associated with better weight restoration outcomes but may also indicate greater difficulty transitioning out of intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fischer
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Colleen C Schreyer
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Janelle W Coughlin
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Graham W Redgrave
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Angela S Guarda
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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Weddell RA, Wood RL. Exploration of correlates of self-reported personality change after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1362-1371. [PMID: 27541376 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1195921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often express concern that their personality has changed. Factors generating that conclusion are rarely explored quantitatively. Accordingly, this study examines neurobehavioural correlates of self-reported personality change. METHODS Seventy-one participants and informants were interviewed M = 57.9 (SD = 46.9) months after a moderate-severe TBI. The degree of self-reported personality change was correlated with scores on measures of general cognitive functioning, executive functioning, olfaction, social-emotional behaviour, emotional distress and the Expressed Emotion close informants directed towards them. RESULTS As expected, self-reported personality change correlated with dysexecutive symptoms and depression. Although anosmia (a putative index of ventral frontal damage) correlated with reduced self-reported emotional recognition and empathy, against prediction, the latter measures did not correlate with self-reported personality change. Neither were the predicted positive correlations found between high Expressed Emotion (criticism and emotional over-involvement) and self-reported personality change. DISCUSSION These findings are discussed in the context of previous work. A need to replicate and extend the present findings is suggested. A strategy to further clarify the relationships perceived personality change have with (a) self-reported change in specific behaviours and (b) identity change is advocated. Implications for intervention are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger A Weddell
- a Neuropsychology Department , Morriston Hospital , Swansea , UK.,b Brain Injury Research Group , Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Rodger L Wood
- b Brain Injury Research Group , Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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Hall JA, Gunnery SD, Letzring TD, Carney DR, Colvin CR. Accuracy of Judging Affect and Accuracy of Judging Personality: How and When Are They Related? J Pers 2016; 85:583-592. [PMID: 27237702 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dørheim SK, Garthus-Niegel S, Bjorvatn B, Eberhard-Gran M. Personality and Perinatal Maternal Insomnia: A Study Across Childbirth. Behav Sleep Med 2016; 14:34-48. [PMID: 25174718 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2014.941063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Personality may influence sleep in perinatal women. A follow-up study was conducted among 3,752 pregnant, then postpartum women at Akershus University Hospital, Norway. The Big Five personality dimensions were measured by the Mini-International Personality Item Pool in week 17 of pregnancy. Insomnia was measured by the Bergen Insomnia Scale in pregnancy week 32 and 8 weeks postpartum, along with self-reported sleep times. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale measured depression, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist measured anxiety. Adjusted for current anxiety, depression, and demographic variables, the personality traits Neuroticism and Agreeableness were associated with insomnia in pregnancy. No personality traits were associated with postpartum insomnia. Extraversion was associated with longer postpartum sleep duration and better sleep efficiency, and Agreeableness with shorter sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe K Dørheim
- a MoodNet Research Group Division of Psychiatry , Stavanger University Hospital
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- b Division of Mental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health ;,c Institute and Outpatient Clinics of Occupational and Social Medicine TU Dresden , Faculty of Medicine
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- d Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders Haukeland University Hospital.,e Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- b Division of Mental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health ;,f Health Services Research Center Akershus University Hospital.,g Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo
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Topp M, Vestbo J, Mortensen EL. Personality Traits and Mental Symptoms are Associated with Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Patients' Daily Life. COPD 2016; 13:773-778. [PMID: 27089450 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2016.1168793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that personality traits are associated with self-reported health status in the general population. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is increasingly used to assess health status such as the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on patients' daily life, but knowledge about the influence of personality traits on CAT score is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Big Five personality traits on CAT score and the relation between personality traits and mental symptoms with respect to their influence on CAT score. A sample of 168 patients diagnosed with COPD was consecutively recruited in a secondary care outpatient clinic. All participants completed CAT, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between personality traits and CAT scores and how this association was influenced by mental symptoms. The personality traits neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness; and the mental symptoms depression and anxiety showed significant influence on CAT score when analysed in separate regression models. Identical R-square (R = 0.24) was found for personality traits and mental symptoms, but combining personality traits and mental symptoms in one regression model showed substantially reduced effect estimates of neuroticism, conscientiousness and anxiety, reflecting the strong correlations between personality traits and mental symptoms. We found that the impact of COPD on daily life measured by CAT was related to personality and mental symptoms, which illustrates the necessity of taking individual differences in personality and mental status into account in the management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Topp
- a Section of Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- b Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust , south Manchester , England
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- c Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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81
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Personality traits in the differentiation of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder during a depressive episode. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:75-79. [PMID: 26763110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the differences in personality traits between individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) during a depressive episode, when it can be hard to differentiate them. Data on personality traits (NEO-FFI), mental disorders (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus) and socioeconomic variables were collected from 245 respondents who were in a depressive episode. Individuals with MDD (183) and BD (62) diagnosis were compared concerning personality traits, clinical aspects and socioeconomic variables through bivariate analyses (chi-square and ANOVA) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). There were no differences in the prevalence of the disorders between socioeconomic and clinical variables. As for the personality traits, only the difference in Agreeableness was statistically significant. Considering the control of suicide risk, gender and anxiety comorbidity in the multivariate analysis, the only variable that remained associated was Agreeableness, with an increase in MDD cases. The brief version of the NEO inventories (NEO-FFI) does not allow for the analysis of personality facets. During a depressive episode, high levels of Agreeableness can indicate that MDD is a more likely diagnosis than BD.
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82
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Baryshnikov I, Suvisaari J, Aaltonen K, Koivisto M, Näätänen P, Karpov B, Melartin T, Oksanen J, Suominen K, Heikkinen M, Paunio T, Joffe G, Isometsä E. Self-reported symptoms of schizotypal and borderline personality disorder in patients with mood disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 33:37-44. [PMID: 26854985 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing between symptoms of schizotypal (SPD) and borderline personality disorders (BPD) is often difficult due to their partial overlap and frequent co-occurrence. We investigated correlations in self-reported symptoms of SPD and BPD in questionnaires at the levels of both total scores and individual items, examining overlapping dimensions. METHODS Two questionnaires, the McLean Screening Instrument (MSI) for BPD and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief (SPQ-B) for SPD, were filled in by patients with mood disorders (n=282) from specialized psychiatric care in a study of the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium. Correlation coefficients between total scores and individual items of the MSI and SPQ-B were estimated. Multivariate regression analysis (MRA) was conducted to examine the relationships between SPQ-B and MSI. RESULTS The Spearman's correlation between total scores of the MSI and SPQ-B was strong (rho=0.616, P<0.005). Items of MSI reflecting disrupted relatedness and affective dysregulation correlated moderately (rφ varied between 0.2 and 0.4, P<0.005) with items of SPQ. Items of MSI reflecting behavioural dysregulation correlated only weakly with items of SPQ. In MRA, depressive symptoms, sex and MSI were significant predictors of SPQ-B score, whereas symptoms of anxiety, age and SPQ-B were significant predictors of MSI score. CONCLUSIONS Items reflecting cognitive-perceptual distortions and affective symptoms of BPD appear to overlap with disorganized and cognitive-perceptual symptoms of SPD. Symptoms of depression may aggravate self-reported features of SPQ-B, and symptoms of anxiety features of MSI. Symptoms of behavioural dysregulation of BPD and interpersonal deficits of SPQ appear to be non-overlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Baryshnikov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Suvisaari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Aaltonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Koivisto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Näätänen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Karpov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Melartin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 590, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Oksanen
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Suominen
- City of Helsinki, Social Services and Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland; Aurora Hospital, P.O. Box 6800, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Heikkinen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, (Välskärinkatu 12 A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
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Spinhoven P, Elzinga BM, Van Hemert AM, de Rooij M, Penninx BW. Childhood maltreatment, maladaptive personality types and level and course of psychological distress: A six-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:100-8. [PMID: 26655119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment and maladaptive personality are both cross-sectionally associated with psychological distress. It is unknown whether childhood maltreatment affects the level and longitudinal course of psychological distress in adults and to what extent this effect is mediated by maladaptive personality. METHODS A sample of 2947 adults aged 18-65, consisting of healthy controls, persons with a prior history or current episode of depressive and/or anxiety disorders according to the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument were assessed in six waves at baseline (T0) and 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4) and 6 years (T6) later. At each wave psychological distress was measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Fear Questionnaire. At T0 childhood maltreatment types were measured with a semi-structured interview (Childhood Trauma Interview) and personality traits with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. RESULTS Using latent variable analyses, we found that severity of childhood maltreatment (emotional neglect and abuse in particular) predicted higher initial levels of psychological distress and that this effect was mediated by maladaptive personality types. Differences in trajectories of distress between persons with varying levels of childhood maltreatment remained significant and stable over time. LIMITATIONS Childhood maltreatment was assessed retrospectively and maladaptive personality types and level of psychological distress at study entry were assessed concurrently. CONCLUSIONS Routine assessment of maladaptive personality types and possible childhood emotional maltreatment in persons with severe and prolonged psychological distress seems warranted to identify persons who may need a different or more intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark de Rooij
- Section of Methods and Statistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry/ EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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84
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Ivanets NN, Kinkulkina MA, Avdeeva TI, Sysoeva VP. The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: anxiety scales/questionnaires. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:31-41. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161166131-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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85
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Subica AM, Allen JG, Frueh BC, Elhai JD, Fowler JC. Disentangling depression and anxiety in relation to neuroticism, extraversion, suicide, and self-harm among adult psychiatric inpatients with serious mental illness. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:349-370. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon G. Allen
- The Menninger Clinic; Houston Texas USA
- Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas USA
| | - B. Christopher Frueh
- The Menninger Clinic; Houston Texas USA
- Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas USA
- University of Hawaii; Hilo Hawaii USA
| | | | - J. Christopher Fowler
- The Menninger Clinic; Houston Texas USA
- Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas USA
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86
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de Vries G, Koeter MWJ, Nieuwenhuijsen K, Hees HL, Schene AH. Predictors of impaired work functioning in employees with major depression in remission. J Affect Disord 2015; 185:180-7. [PMID: 26188379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to (i) assess work functioning in employees returning to work with a major depression in remission, (ii) study the predictors of impaired work functioning. METHODS Participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), on long term sick leave (mean 27 weeks) and treated in a specialized mental healthcare setting, were selected from an intervention study sample. They were eligible for this study if they were remitted from their depression and had returned to work for at least 50% of their contract hours at 18 month follow-up. Work functioning was assessed with the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) and the Need For Recovery scale (NFR). Potential predictors of impaired work functioning were demographic characteristics (assessed at baseline), health characteristics (assessed at baseline, six and twelve month follow-up), and personality- and work characteristics (assessed at 18 month follow-up). RESULTS After their return to work with MDD in remission, employees were on average still impaired in their work functioning. Personality characteristics were the strongest predictor of this impaired work functioning, followed by health and work characteristics. In the final prediction model, only a passive reaction coping style remained as predictor. LIMITATIONS We used self-report data with respect to work functioning and work characteristics and not an assessment by a supervisor. CONCLUSIONS Personality trait, coping style, and ability to manage the work environment should be addressed in mental health and return-to-work interventions. Subsequent improved work functioning may be beneficial for mental health and may reduce societal costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe de Vries
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin/Roads, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten W J Koeter
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hiske L Hees
- Program for Mood Disorders, Pro Persona, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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87
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Vazsonyi AT, Ksinan A, Mikuška J, Jiskrova G. The Big Five and adolescent adjustment: An empirical test across six cultures. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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88
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Wenz H, Wenz R, Ehrlich G, Groden C, Schmieder K, Fontana J. Patient characteristics support unfavorable psychiatric outcome after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:1135-45; discussion 1145. [PMID: 26007696 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies demonstrated an unfavorable psychological outcome after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms despite an objectively favorable clinical and radiological outcome. The current study was therefore designed to analyze the psychiatric vulnerability of this specific patient collective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients treated for a WHO grade I meningioma and incidental intracranial aneurysms in two German neurosurgical centers between 2007 and 2013 were screened for exclusion criteria including malignant/chronic diseases, recurrence of the tumor/aneurysm after more than 12 months and focal neurological deficits, among others. Seventy-five meningioma patients (M) and 56 incidental aneurysm patients (iA) met the inclusion criteria. The past medical psychiatric history, post-morbid personality characters and coping strategies were determined by questionnaires mailed to the patients in a printed version (Brief COPE, Big Five Personality Test). RESULTS Fifty-eight M and 45 iA patients returned the questionnaires. Patients with iA demonstrated significantly higher pre-interventional rates of depressive episodes (p = 0.002) and psychological supervision (p = 0.038). These findings were especially aggravated in iA patients who received their cranial imaging for unspecific symptoms such as dizziness, headaches or tinnitus (n = 33, history of depressions: 39.4%; previous psychological supervision: 33.3%). Furthermore, the analysis of the Big Five personality traits revealed remarkably elevated neuroticism scores in the iA collective. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates an increased rate of positive pre-interventional psychiatric histories in the iA collective. Although those patients represent only a small subgroup, they still may play an important role concerning the overall outcome after iA treatment. Early detection and psychological support in this subgroup might help to improve the overall outcome. Further studies are needed to evaluate the influence of this new aspect on the multifactorial etiology of unfavorable psychiatric outcome after treatment of iA.
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89
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Hakulinen C, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Jokela M. PERSONALITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPANT META-ANALYSIS OF 10 COHORT STUDIES. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:461-70. [PMID: 26014798 PMCID: PMC4605994 DOI: 10.1002/da.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality is suggested to be a major risk factor for depression but large-scale individual participant meta-analyses on this topic are lacking. METHOD Data from 10 prospective community cohort studies with 117,899 participants (mean age 49.0 years; 54.7% women) were pooled for individual participant meta-analysis to determine the association between personality traits of the five-factor model and risk of depressive symptoms. RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis, low extraversion (pooled standardized regression coefficient (B) = -.08; 95% confidence interval = -0.11, -0.04), high neuroticism (B = .39; 0.32, 0.45), and low conscientiousness (B = -.09; -0.10, -0.06) were associated with depressive symptoms. Similar associations were observed in longitudinal analyses adjusted for baseline depressive symptoms (n = 56,735; mean follow-up of 5.0 years): low extraversion (B = -.03; -0.05, -0.01), high neuroticism (B = .12; 0.10, 0.13), and low conscientiousness (B = -.04; -0.06, -0.02) were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms at follow-up. In turn, depressive symptoms were associated with personality change in extraversion (B = -.07; 95% CI = -0.12, -0.02), neuroticism (B = .23; 0.09, 0.36), agreeableness (B = -.09; -0.15, -0.04), conscientiousness (B = -.14; -0.21, -0.07), and openness to experience (B = -.04; -0.08, 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Personality traits are prospectively associated with the development of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms, in turn, are associated with changes in personality that may be temporary or persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hakulinen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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90
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Inchausti F, Mole J, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J. Validity of personality measurement in adults with anxiety disorders: psychometric properties of the Spanish NEO-FFI-R using Rasch analyses. Front Psychol 2015; 6:465. [PMID: 25954224 PMCID: PMC4404735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish NEO Five Factor Inventory–Revised (NEO-FFI-R) using Rasch analyses, in order to test its rating scale functioning, the reliability of scores, internal structure, and differential item functioning (DIF) by gender in a psychiatric sample. The NEO-FFI-R responses of 433 Spanish adults (154 males) with an anxiety disorder as primary diagnosis were analysed using the Rasch model for rating scales. Two intermediate categories of response (‘neutral’ and ‘agree’) malfunctioned in the Neuroticism and Conscientiousness scales. In addition, model reliabilities were lower than expected in Agreeableness and Neuroticism, and the item fit values indicated each scale had items that did not achieve moderate to high discrimination on its dimension, particularly in the Agreeableness scale. Concerning unidimensionality, the five NEO-FFI-R scales showed large first components of unexplained variance. Finally, DIF by gender was detected in many items. The results suggest that the scores of the Spanish NEO-FFI-R are unreliable in psychiatric samples and cannot be generalized between males and females, especially in the Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness scales. Future directions for testing and refinement should be developed before the NEO-FFI-R can be used reliably in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Inchausti
- Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Badajoz Badajoz, Spain ; Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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91
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Tully PJ, Wardenaar KJ, Penninx BWJH. Operating characteristics of depression and anxiety disorder phenotype dimensions and trait neuroticism: a theoretical examination of the fear and distress disorders from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:611-8. [PMID: 25577156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of anhedonic depression and anxious arousal to detect the distress- (major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder) and fear-disorder clusters (i.e. panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia) have not been reported in a large sample. METHODS A sample of 2981 persons underwent structured psychiatric interview; n=652 were without lifetime depression and anxiety disorder history. Participants also completed a neuroticism scale (Revised NEO Five Factor Inventory [NEO-FFI]), and the 30-item short adaptation of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ-D30) measuring anhedonic depression, anxious arousal and general distress. Maximal sensitivity and specificity was determined by the Youden Index and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) in ROC analysis. RESULTS A total of 2624 completed all measures (age M=42.4 years±13.1, 1760 females [67.1%]), including 1060 (40.4%) persons who met criteria for a distress-disorder, and 973 (37.1%) who met criteria for a fear-disorder. The general distress dimension provided the highest ROC values in the detection of the distress-disorders (AUC=.814, sensitivity=71.95%, specificity=76.34%, positive predictive value=67.33, negative predictive value=80.07). None of the measures provided suitable operating characteristics in the detection of the fear-disorders with specificity values <75%. LIMITATIONS Over sampling of depression and anxiety disorders may lead to inflated positive- and negative predictive values. CONCLUSIONS The MASQ-D30 general distress dimension showed clinically suitable operating characteristics in the detection of distress-disorders. Neither neuroticism nor the MASQ-D30 dimensions provided suitable operating characteristics in the detection of the fear-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Tully
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men׳s Health, Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaas J Wardenaar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Schirmbeck F, Boyette LL, van der Valk R, Meijer C, Dingemans P, Van R, de Haan L, Kahn RS, de Haan L, van Os J, Wiersma D, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, Meijer C, Myin-Germeys I. Relevance of Five-Factor Model personality traits for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders and their un-affected siblings. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:464-70. [PMID: 25613659 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High rates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in schizophrenia require pathogenic explanations. Personality traits may represent risk and resiliency factors for the development of mental disorders and their comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and the liability for OCS in patients with psychotic disorders and in their un-affected siblings. FFM traits, occurrence and severity of OCS and (subclinical) psychotic symptoms were assessed in 208 patients and in 281 siblings. Differences in FFM traits between participants with vs. without comorbid OCS were examined and the predictive value of FFM traits on group categorization was evaluated. Associations between FFM traits and OCS severity were investigated. Patients and siblings with OCS showed significantly higher Neuroticism compared to their counterparts without OCS. Neuroticism was positively associated with higher OCS severity and significantly predicted group assignment in both patients and in siblings. Patients with comorbid OCS presented with lower scores on Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Higher Neuroticism, and to a lesser degree lower Extraversion and Conscientiousness might add to the vulnerability of patients with a psychotic disorder to also develop OCS. Future prospective studies are needed to elucidate proposed personality-psychopathology interrelations and possible mediating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schirmbeck
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carin Meijer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Dingemans
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rien Van
- Arkin Mental Health Department, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University Medical Center, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Durk Wiersma
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Carin Meijer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Maastricht University Medical Center, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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93
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Hedman E, Andersson G, Lindefors N, Gustavsson P, Lekander M, Rück C, Andersson E, Ljótsson B. Personality change following internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for severe health anxiety. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113871. [PMID: 25437150 PMCID: PMC4250052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits have traditionally been viewed as stable, but recent studies suggest that they could be affected through psychological treatment. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for severe health anxiety (DSM-IV hypochondriasis) has been shown to be effective in reducing health anxiety, but its effect on measures of personality traits has not been investigated. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ICBT on personality traits in the three broad dimensions - neuroticism, extraversion and aggression. We hypothesized that participants in ICBT would reduce their level of neuroticism compared to controls that did not receive the active treatment. No specific predictions were made regarding extraversion and aggression. Data from a randomized controlled trial were used in which participants were allocated to 12 weeks of ICBT (n = 40) or to a basic attention control condition (n = 41). Personality traits were assessed with the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality and the primary outcome of health anxiety was the Health Anxiety Inventory. There was a significant interaction effect of group and time on neuroticism-related scales, indicating larger pre- to post-treatment reductions in the Internet-based CBT group compared to the control condition. Analyses at 6-month follow-up showed that changes were stable. Traits relating to extraversion and aggression were largely unchanged. This study is the first to demonstrate that a brief ICBT intervention for severe health anxiety causes long-term changes in measures of personality traits related to neuroticism. The treatment thus has a broader impact than just reducing health anxiety. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT00828152)
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nils Lindefors
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Gustavsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Rück
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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94
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Spinhoven P, Drost J, de Rooij M, van Hemert AM, Penninx BW. A longitudinal study of experiential avoidance in emotional disorders. Behav Ther 2014; 45:840-50. [PMID: 25311292 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the degree in which measurements of trait experiential avoidance (EA) are affected by current emotional disorder and whether EA is a causal factor in the course of emotional disorders (anxiety and depressive disorders) and the development of comorbidity among emotional disorders. In a sample of 2,316 adults aged 18 to 65, consisting of healthy controls, persons with a prior history of emotional disorders, and persons with a current emotional disorder, DSM-IV-based emotional disorders (CIDI: Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument) were assessed at T2 and 2 (T4) and 4years later (T6) and experiential avoidance (AAQ: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire) at T2 and T4. Results showed that EA scores were stable over a 2-year period notwithstanding state fluctuations because of current emotional disorder. Moreover, EA scores at T2 predicted changes in distress (major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder) and in fear disorders (social anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without panic) at T4. Finally, EA at T4 mediated the longitudinal association of fear disorders at T2 with distress disorders at T6 as well as of distress disorders at T2 with fear disorders at T6. These findings suggest that EA scores are more than epiphenomena of emotional disorders and that EA may be conceptualized as a relevant transdiagnostic factor affecting the course and development of comorbidity of emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brenda W Penninx
- Leiden University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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95
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Vittengl JR, Clark LA, Thase ME, Jarrett RB. Replication and extension: separate personality traits from states to predict depression. J Pers Disord 2014; 28:225-46. [PMID: 23786268 PMCID: PMC3855180 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2013_27_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in personality trait levels often parallel episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD), whereas trait factor structures and substantial retest correlations are preserved. The authors explicated this dual state/trait nature of personality assessments among adults with recurrent MDD (N = 351) receiving cognitive therapy (CT) by testing stability and change with the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality, 2nd Edition (SNAP-2; Clark, Simms, Wu, & Casillas, in press), separating state and trait variance, and predicting depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes. Many SNAP scale scores changed in CT (e.g., positive temperament increased, negative temperament decreased), and decreases in depressive symptoms accounted for most scales' score changes. Nonetheless, SNAP scales' state and trait components predicted depressive symptoms early and late in CT as well as clinical outcomes, and state components predicted changes in symptoms and clinical outcomes. These results support the validity of the SNAP-2 among depressed patients and highlight the salience of personalityrelevant state affect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E. Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Robin B. Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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96
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McGirr A, Van den Eynde F, Chachamovich E, Fleck MP, Berlim MT. Personality dimensions and deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) for treatment-resistant depression: A pilot trial on five-factor prediction of antidepressant response. Neurosci Lett 2014; 563:144-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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97
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Spinhoven P, Penelo E, de Rooij M, Penninx BW, Ormel J. Reciprocal effects of stable and temporary components of neuroticism and affective disorders: results of a longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med 2014; 44:337-348. [PMID: 23601142 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies show that neuroticism is strongly associated with affective disorders. We investigated whether neuroticism and affective disorders mutually reinforce each other over time, setting off a potential downward spiral. METHOD A total of 2981 adults aged 18-65 years, consisting of healthy controls, persons with a prior history of affective disorders and persons with a current affective disorder were assessed at baseline (T1) and 2 (T2) and 4 years (T3) later. At each wave, affective disorders according to DSM-IV criteria were assessed with the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI) version 2.1 and neuroticism with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). RESULTS Using structural equation models the association of distress disorders (i.e. dysthymia, depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder) and fear disorders (i.e. social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia without panic) with neuroticism could be attributed to three components: (a) a strong correlation of the stable components of distress and fear disorders with the stable trait component of neuroticism; (b) a modest contemporaneous association of change in distress and fear disorders with change in neuroticism; (c) a small to modest delayed effect of change in distress and fear disorders on change in neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism scores in participants newly affected at T2 but remitted at T3 did not differ from their pre-morbid scores at T1. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a positive feedback cycle of changes in psychopathology and changes in neuroticism. In the context of a relative stability of neuroticism and affective disorders, only modest contemporaneous and small to modest delayed effects of psychopathology on neuroticism were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - E Penelo
- Laboratori d'Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M de Rooij
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - B W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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98
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Koorevaar AML, Comijs HC, Dhondt ADF, van Marwijk HWJ, van der Mast RC, Naarding P, Oude Voshaar RC, Stek ML. Big Five personality and depression diagnosis, severity and age of onset in older adults. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:178-85. [PMID: 23820093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality may play an important role in late-life depression. The aim of this study is to examine the association between the Big Five personality domains and the diagnosis, severity and age of onset of late-life depression. METHODS The NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was cross-sectionally used in 352 depressed and 125 non-depressed older adults participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO). Depression diagnosis was determined by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Severity of depression was assessed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS). Logistic and linear regression analyses were applied. Adjustments were made for sociodemographic, cognitive, health and psychosocial variables. RESULTS Both the presence of a depression diagnosis and severity of depression were significantly associated with higher Neuroticism (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.28-1.43 and B=1.06, p<.001, respectively) and lower Extraversion (OR=.79, 95% CI=.75-.83; B=-.85, p<.001) and Conscientiousness (OR=.86, 95% CI=.81.-.90; B=-.86, p<.001). Earlier onset of depression was significantly associated with higher Openness (B=-.49, p=.026). LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional design, no causal inferences can be drawn. Further, current depression may have influenced personality measures. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms an association between personality and late-life depression. Remarkable is the association found between high Openness and earlier age of depression onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Koorevaar
- Department of Old-age and Hospital Psychiatry, GGZ Noord Holland Noord, Oude Hoeverweg 10, 1816 BT Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
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99
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Renner F, Penninx BWJH, Peeters F, Cuijpers P, Huibers MJH. Two-year stability and change of neuroticism and extraversion in treated and untreated persons with depression: findings from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Affect Disord 2013; 150:201-8. [PMID: 23608120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The personality dimensions neuroticism and extraversion likely represent part of the vulnerability to depression. The stability over longer time periods of these personality dimensions in depressed patients treated with psychological treatment or medication and in untreated persons with depression in the general population remains unclear. Stability of neuroticism and extraversion in treated and untreated depressed persons would suggest that part of the vulnerability to depression remains stable over time. The current study addressed the question whether treatment in depressed patients is related to changes in neuroticism and extraversion. METHODS Data are from 709 patients with major depressive disorder participating in a cohort study (Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety; NESDA). We determined the 2-year stability of extraversion and neuroticism in treated and untreated persons and related change in depression severity to change in personality over time. RESULTS Neuroticism decreased from baseline to 2-year follow-up (d=0.73) in both treated and untreated persons. Extraversion did not change significantly after controlling for neuroticism and depression severity at baseline and follow-up. Decreased depressive symptoms over time were related to decreased neuroticism (d=1.91) whereas increased depressive symptoms over time were unrelated to neuroticism (d=0.06). LIMITATIONS Patients were not randomized to treatment conditions and the groups are therefore not directly comparable. CONCLUSIONS Treated patients with depression in the general population improve just as much on depression severity and neuroticism as untreated persons with depression. This suggests that changes in neuroticism in the context of treatment likely represent mood-state effects rather than direct effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Renner
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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100
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Takahashi M, Shirayama Y, Muneoka K, Suzuki M, Sato K, Hashimoto K. Low openness on the revised NEO personality inventory as a risk factor for treatment-resistant depression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71964. [PMID: 24019864 PMCID: PMC3760870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we reported that low reward dependence, and to a lesser extent, low cooperativeness in the Temperature and Character Inventory (TCI) may be risk factors for treatment-resistant depression. Here, we analyzed additional psychological traits in these patients. Methods We administered Costa and McCrae's five-factor model personality inventory, NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), to antidepressant-treatment resistant depressed patients (n = 35), remitted depressed patients (n = 27), and healthy controls (n = 66). We also evaluated the relationships between scores on NEO and TCI, using the same cohort of patients with treatment-resistant depression, as our previous study. Results Patients with treatment-resistant depression showed high scores for neuroticism, low scores for extraversion, openness and conscientiousness, without changes in agreeableness, on the NEO. However, patients in remitted depression showed no significant scores on NEO. Patients with treatment-resistant depression and low openness on NEO showed positive relationships with reward dependence and cooperativeness on the TCI. Conclusions Many studies have reported that depressed patients show high neuroticism, low extraversion and low conscientiousness on the NEO. Our study highlights low openness on the NEO, as a risk mediator in treatment-resistant depression. This newly identified trait should be included as a risk factor in treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsumasa Muneoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
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