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Gupta MK, Sarojamma V, Vadde R. Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer: A Bidirectional Relationship Perspective. EXPLORING PANCREATIC METABOLISM AND MALIGNANCY 2019:35-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9393-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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52
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Duan J, Qian XL, Li J, Xiao XH, Lu XT, Lv LC, Huang QY, Ding W, Zhang HY, Xiong LX. miR-29a Negatively Affects Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and MIN6 Cell Proliferation via Cdc42/ β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:5219782. [PMID: 31662747 PMCID: PMC6735210 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5219782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Functional impairment of islet β cells can occur to varying degrees. This impairment can initially be compensated for by proliferation and metabolic changes of β cells. Cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) and the microRNA (miRNA) miR-29 have important roles in β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which we further explored using the mouse insulinoma cell line MIN6. METHODS Upregulation and downregulation of miR-29a and Cdc42 were accomplished using transient transfection. miR-29a and Cdc42 expression was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. MIN6 proliferation was detected using a cell counting kit assay. GSIS under high-glucose (20.0 mM) or basal-glucose (5.0 mM) stimulation was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The miR-29a binding site in the Cdc42 mRNA 3'-untranslated region (UTR) was determined using bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS miR-29a overexpression inhibited proliferation (P < 0.01) and GSIS under high-glucose stimulation (P < 0.01). Cdc42 overexpression promoted proliferation (P < 0.05) and GSIS under high-glucose stimulation (P < 0.05). miR-29a overexpression decreased Cdc42 expression (P < 0.01), whereas miR-29a downregulation increased Cdc42 expression (P < 0.01). The results showed that the Cdc42 mRNA 3'-UTR is a direct target of miR-29a in vitro. Additionally, Cdc42 reversed miR-29a-mediated inhibition of proliferation and GSIS (P < 0.01). Furthermore, miR-29a inhibited β-catenin expression (P < 0.01), whereas Cdc42 promoted β-catenin expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION By negatively regulating Cdc42 and the downstream molecule β-catenin, miR-29a inhibits MIN6 proliferation and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xian-Ling Qian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiang-Tong Lu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lin-Chen Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing-Yun Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanschang 330066, China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
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Bartoli-Leonard F, Wilkinson FL, Langford-Smith AWW, Alexander MY, Weston R. The Interplay of SIRT1 and Wnt Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:183. [PMID: 30619890 PMCID: PMC6305318 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major health risk and is highly correlated with atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The development of vascular calcification is an active and complex process linked with a multitude of signaling pathways, which regulate promoters and inhibitors of osteogenesis, the balance of which become deregulated in disease conditions. SIRT1, a protein deacetylase, known to be protective in inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation within the vessel wall, has been shown as a possible key player in modulating the cell-fate determining canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Suppression of SIRT1 has been reported in patients suffering with cardiovascular pathologies, suggesting that the sustained acetylation of osteogenic factors could contribute to their activation and in turn, lead to the progression of calcification. There is clear evidence of the synergy between β-Catenin and elevated Runx2, and with Wnt signaling being β-Catenin dependent, further understanding is needed as to how these molecular pathways converge and interact, in order to provide novel insight into the mechanism by which smooth muscle cells switch to an osteogenic differentiation programme. Therefore, this review will describe the current concepts of pathological soft tissue mineralization, with a focus on the contribution of SIRT1 as a regulator of Wnt signaling and its targets, discussing SIRT1 as a potential target for manipulation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoli-Leonard
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex W W Langford-Smith
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Y Alexander
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ria Weston
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Jiang W, He T, Liu S, Zheng Y, Xiang L, Pei X, Wang Z, Yang H. The PIK3CA E542K and E545K mutations promote glycolysis and proliferation via induction of the β-catenin/SIRT3 signaling pathway in cervical cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:139. [PMID: 30547809 PMCID: PMC6293652 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study aims to present the effect of PIK3CA E542K and E545K mutations on glucose metabolism and proliferation and identify their underlying mechanisms in cervical cancer. Methods The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of tumors was detected by18F-FDG PET/CT scan. In vitro, glycolysis analysis, extracellular acidification rate analysis, and ATP production were used to evaluate the impact of PIK3CA E542K and E545K mutations on glucose metabolism. The expression level of key glycolytic enzymes was evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining in cervical cancer cells and tumor tissues, respectively. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to observe the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. The target gene of β-catenin was analyzed by using luciferase reporter system. The glucose metabolic ability of the xenograft models was assessed by SUVmax from microPET/CT scanning. Results Cervical cancer patients with mutant PIK3CA (E542K and E545K) exhibited a higher SUVmax value than those with wild-type PIK3CA (P = 0.037), which was confirmed in xenograft models. In vitro, enhanced glucose metabolism and proliferation was observed in SiHa and MS751 cells with mutant PIK3CA. The mRNA and protein expression of key glycolytic enzymes was increased. AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling was highly activated in SiHa and MS751 cells with mutant PIK3CA. Knocking down β-catenin expression decreased glucose uptake and lactate production. In addition, the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was found in SiHa cells and tumors with mutant PIK3CA. Furthermore, β-catenin downregulated the expression of SIRT3 via suppressing the activity of the SIRT3 promotor, and the reduced glucose uptake and lactate production due to the downregulation of β-catenin can be reversed by the transfection of SIRT3 siRNA in SiHa cells with mutant PIK3CA. The negative correlation between β-catenin and SIRT3 was further confirmed in cervical cancer tissues. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that the PI3K E542K and E545K/β-catenin/SIRT3 signaling axis regulates glucose metabolism and proliferation in cervical cancers with PIK3CA mutations, suggesting therapeutic targets in the treatment of cervical cancers. Trial registration FUSCC 050432–4-1212B. Registered 24 December 2012 (retrospectively registered). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0674-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tiancong He
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Libing Xiang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Pei
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Department of Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Li X, Xu H, Gao P. Diabetes Mellitus is a Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in China. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6729-6734. [PMID: 30245503 PMCID: PMC6178879 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether diabetes mellitus (DM) increased the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of HCC and chronic HBV infection (n=112), and non-diabetic individuals with both chronic HBV infection and HCC (n=210), were matched by age, sex, and degree of liver cirrhosis. Demographic, lifestyle, and clinical data were reviewed. Data were analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for HCC. RESULTS Of the 112 patients with HCC (median age, 52.0 years; range, 46.3-56.0 years), 18.8% were men, and the prevalence of cirrhosis was 90.2%. Of the 210 patients without HCC (median age, 51.0 years; range, 47.0-58.0 years), 26.2% were men, and the prevalence of cirrhosis was 91.9%. Diabetes mellitus was more prevalent among individuals with HCC (16.1%) compared with those without HCC (7.6%) and increased the risk for HCC by two-fold to three-fold (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.402; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.150-5.018). Multivariate analysis showed that cigarette smoking significantly increased the risk of HBV-related HCC (AOR: 1.665; 95% CI, 1.031-2.690), as did increased levels of HBV DNA (≥10³ IU/mL) (AOR: 1.753; 95% CI, 1.079-2.849). CONCLUSIONS In a Chinese population with chronic HBV infection, DM increased the risk of HCC, as did cigarette smoking and high levels of HBV DNA. Screening patients with known risk factors for HCC might improve early detection rates and treatment to prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Shares BH, Busch M, White N, Shum L, Eliseev RA. Active mitochondria support osteogenic differentiation by stimulating β-catenin acetylation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16019-16027. [PMID: 30150300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal (a.k.a. mesenchymal stem) cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts (OBs), adipocytes, or chondrocytes. As BMSCs undergo OB differentiation, they up-regulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) connecting mitochondrial OxPhos to OB differentiation. First, we found that treating BMSC-like C3H10T1/2 cells with an OxPhos inhibitor reduces their osteogenic potential. Interestingly, ATP levels were not reduced, as glycolysis compensated for the decreased OxPhos. Thus, mitochondria support OB differentiation not only by supplying ATP, but also by other mechanisms. To uncover these mechanisms, we stimulated OxPhos in C3H10T1/2 cells by replacing media glucose with galactose and observed that this substitution increases both OxPhos and osteogenesis even in the absence of osteoinducers. β-Catenin, an important signaling pathway in osteogenesis, was found to be responsive to OxPhos stimulation. β-Catenin activity is maintained by acetylation, and mitochondria generate the acetyl donor acetyl-CoA, which upon entering the Krebs cycle is converted to citrate capable of exiting mitochondria. Cytosolic citrate is converted back to acetyl-CoA by ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). We found that inhibiting ACLY with SB204990 (SB) reverses the galactose-induced β-catenin activity and OB differentiation. This suggested that acetylation is involved in β-catenin activation after forced OxPhos stimulation, and using immunoprecipitation, we indeed detected SB-sensitive β-catenin acetylation. Both β-catenin acetylation and activity increased during osteoinduction coincident with OxPhos activation. These findings suggest that active mitochondria support OB differentiation by promoting β-catenin acetylation and thus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna H Shares
- From the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14624
| | - Melanie Busch
- From the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14624
| | - Noelle White
- From the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14624
| | - Laura Shum
- From the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14624
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- From the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14624
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Surapaneni SK, Bashir S, Tikoo K. Gold nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity in triple negative breast cancer involves different epigenetic alterations depending upon the surface charge. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12295. [PMID: 30115982 PMCID: PMC6095919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used enormously in different cancers but very little is known regarding their molecular mechanism and surface charge role in the process of cell death. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism by which differentially charged AuNPs induce cytotoxicity in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that both negatively charged (citrate-capped) and positively charged (cysteamine-capped) AuNPs induced cell-death in a dose-dependent manner. We provide first evidence that AuNPs-induced oxidative stress alters Wnt signalling pathway in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Although both differentially charged AuNPs induced cell death, the rate and mechanism involved in the process of cell death were different. Negatively charged AuNPs increased the expression of MKP-1, dephosphorylated and deacetylated histone H3 at Ser10 and K9/K14 residues respectively whereas, positively charged AuNPs decreased the expression of MKP-1, phosphorylated and acetylated histone H3 at Ser 10 and K9/K14 residues respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies revealed that AuNPs were localised in cytoplasm and mitochondria of MDA-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, AuNPs treatment makes MDA-MB-231 cells sensitive to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by decreasing the expression of thymidylate synthetase enzyme. This study highlights the role of surface charge (independent of size) in the mechanisms of toxicity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S, Nagar, India
| | - Shafiya Bashir
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S, Nagar, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) S.A.S, Nagar, India.
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Abstract
β-Catenin is essential for embryonic development and required for cell renewal/regeneration in adult life. Cellular β-catenin exists in three different pools: membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear. In this review, we focus on functions of the nuclear pool in relation to tumorigenesis. In the nucleus, beta-catenin functions as both activator and repressor of transcription in a context-dependent manner. It promotes cell proliferation and supports tumour growth by enhancing angiogenesis. β-Catenin-mediated signalling regulates cancer cell metabolism and is associated with tumour-initiating cells in multiple malignancies. In addition, it functions as both pro- and anti-apoptotic factor besides acting to inhibit recruitment of inflammatory anti-tumour T-cells. Thus, β-catenin appears to possess a multifaceted nuclear function that may significantly impact tumour initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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Yang E, Gavini K, Bhakta A, Dhanasekaran M, Khan I, Parameshwaran K. Streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia stimulates molecular signaling that promotes cell cycle reentry in mouse hippocampus. Life Sci 2018; 205:131-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Spaan I, Raymakers RA, van de Stolpe A, Peperzak V. Wnt signaling in multiple myeloma: a central player in disease with therapeutic potential. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:67. [PMID: 29776381 PMCID: PMC5960217 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is the second most frequent hematological malignancy in the western world and remains incurable, predominantly due to acquired drug resistance and disease relapse. The highly conserved Wnt signal transduction pathway, which plays a key role in regulating cellular processes of proliferation, differentiation, migration, and stem cell self-renewal, is associated with multiple aspects of disease. Bone homeostasis is severely disturbed by Wnt antagonists that are secreted by the malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. In the vast majority of patients, this results in osteolytic bone disease, which is associated with bone pain and pathological fractures and was reported to facilitate disease progression. More recently, cumulative evidence also indicates the importance of intrinsic Wnt signaling in the survival of multiple myeloma cells. However, Wnt pathway-activating gene mutations could not be identified. The search for factors or processes responsible for Wnt pathway activation currently focuses on aberrant ligand levels in the bone marrow microenvironment, increased expression of Wnt transcriptional co-factors and associated micro-RNAs, and disturbed epigenetics and post-translational modification processes. Furthermore, Wnt pathway activation is associated with acquired cell adhesion-mediated resistance of multiple myeloma cells to conventional drug therapies, including doxorubicin and lenalidomide. In this review, we present an overview of the relevance of Wnt signaling in multiple myeloma and highlight the Wnt pathway as a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Spaan
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anja van de Stolpe
- Molecular Diagnostics, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Peperzak
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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61
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Salvianolic acid A alleviates chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via promotion of β-catenin nuclear accumulation by restoring SIRT1 in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 350:21-31. [PMID: 29729281 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has emerged as a growing public health problem worldwide. β-catenin plays an important role in the growth, development, regeneration and metabolic activity of the liver. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is a water-soluble component from the root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and its effect on ALD has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SalA on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and to explore the role of SIRT1-mediated β-catenin deacetylation in such an effect. In this study, SalA treatment significantly alleviated the accumulation of lipid droplets and reduced the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alcohol and ammonia levels in rats. SalA enhanced ethanol and ammonia metabolism and maintained mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, SalA restored the activity of the major ethanol-metabolizing enzymes and oxidative stress functions in the liver. Importantly, we found that SalA treatment effectively inhibited the ethanol-mediated decrease in nuclear β-catenin by upregulating SIRT1 in the liver. SIRT1 then deacetylated β-catenin to promote its accumulation in the nucleus, thereby preventing alcohol-induced liver injury. The results demonstrate that the SIRT1/β-catenin pathway is a key therapeutic target in liver injury caused by chronic alcohol exposure and that SalA protects against alcohol-induced liver injury via the SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of β-catenin.
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Martin SD, McGee SL. Metabolic reprogramming in type 2 diabetes and the development of breast cancer. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:R35-R46. [PMID: 29487204 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of epidemiological data has found that patients with type 2 diabetes have a greater risk of developing breast cancer. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this relationship are yet to be elucidated; however, this review examines the available evidence suggesting that the metabolic abnormalities observed in type 2 diabetes can predispose to the development of breast cancer. Alterations in substrate availability and the hormonal milieu, particularly hyperinsulinemia, not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis, but also induce metabolic reprogramming events that are required for the transformation of breast cancer cells. In addition, the dysfunction and hypoxia of adipose tissue surrounding the breast cancer niche is another putative link that will be discussed. Finally, the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells evade checkpoints associated with nutrient overload will be examined. Experimentally validating these potential links will be important for prediction and treatment of breast cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree D Martin
- Metabolic Reprogramming LaboratoryMetabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Metabolic Reprogramming LaboratoryMetabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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63
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Zhang X, Bao C, Zhang J. Inotodiol suppresses proliferation of breast cancer in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus via downregulation of β-catenin signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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64
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Hyperglycemia and aberrant O-GlcNAcylation: contributions to tumor progression. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:175-187. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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65
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Kahn M. Wnt Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: A Tale of Two Coactivators. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:209-244. [PMID: 29389517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling in stem cells plays critical roles in development, normal adult physiology, and disease. In this chapter, we focus on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in somatic stem cell biology and its critical role in normal tissue homeostasis and cancer. Wnt signaling can both maintain potency and initiate differentiation in somatic stem cells, depending on the cellular and environmental context. Based principally on studies from our lab, we will explain the dichotomous behavior of this signaling pathway in determining stem cell fate decisions, placing special emphasis on the interaction of β-catenin with either of the two highly homologous Kat3 coactivator proteins, CBP and p300. We will also discuss our results, both preclinical and clinical, demonstrating that small molecule modulators of the β-catenin/Kat3 coactivator interaction can be safely utilized to shift the balance between maintenance of potency and initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
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Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological evidence indicates a strong clinical association between obesity and an increased risk of cancer. The global pandemic of obesity indicates a public health trend towards a substantial increase in cancer incidence and mortality. However, the mechanisms that link obesity to cancer remain incompletely understood. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been increasingly used to model an expanding spectrum of human diseases. Fly models provide a genetically simpler system that is ideal for use as a first step towards dissecting disease interactions. Recently, the combining of fly models of diet-induced obesity with models of cancer has provided a novel model system in which to study the biological mechanisms that underlie the connections between obesity and cancer. In this Review, I summarize recent advances, made using Drosophila, in our understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, insulin resistance and cancer. I also discuss how the biological mechanisms and therapeutic targets that have been identified in fly studies could be utilized to develop preventative interventions and treatment strategies for obesity-associated cancers. Summary: This Review highlights a Drosophila model of diet-induced obesity and cancer, and how these two models are combined to study the interplay between obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hirabayashi
- Metabolism and Cell Growth Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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67
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Functional screening in human cardiac organoids reveals a metabolic mechanism for cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8372-E8381. [PMID: 28916735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707316114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart undergoes maturation during postnatal life to meet the increased functional requirements of an adult. However, the key drivers of this process remain poorly defined. We are currently unable to recapitulate postnatal maturation in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), limiting their potential as a model system to discover regenerative therapeutics. Here, we provide a summary of our studies, where we developed a 96-well device for functional screening in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hCOs). Through interrogation of >10,000 organoids, we systematically optimize parameters, including extracellular matrix (ECM), metabolic substrate, and growth factor conditions, that enhance cardiac tissue viability, function, and maturation. Under optimized maturation conditions, functional and molecular characterization revealed that a switch to fatty acid metabolism was a central driver of cardiac maturation. Under these conditions, hPSC-CMs were refractory to mitogenic stimuli, and we found that key proliferation pathways including β-catenin and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) were repressed. This proliferative barrier imposed by fatty acid metabolism in hCOs could be rescued by simultaneous activation of both β-catenin and YAP1 using genetic approaches or a small molecule activating both pathways. These studies highlight that human organoids coupled with higher-throughput screening platforms have the potential to rapidly expand our knowledge of human biology and potentially unlock therapeutic strategies.
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Safaei A, Rezaei Tavirani M, Zamanian Azodi M, Lashay A, Mohammadi SF, Ghasemi Broumand M, Peyvandi AA, Okhovatian F, Peyvandi H, Rostami Nejad M. Diabetic Retinopathy and Laser Therapy in Rats: A Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:S20-S21. [PMID: 29071030 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes which can cause vision loss or blindness ultimately. Non enzymatic glycation of proteins leads to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in DR. Since laser therapy is a well-established method, in this study, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network is applied for protein targets in DR disease in rats treated by laser. Methods: In this study, we focused on articles that investigated and compared the proteome profiles of DR rats with healthy control and also DR rats before and after laser therapy. The networks of related differentially expressed proteins were explored using Cytoscape version 3.3.0, the PPI analysis methods and ClueGO. Results: Analysis of PPI network of 37 related proteins to DR rats including 108 nodes, introduced 10 hub-bottleneck proteins and 5 concerned biochemical pathways. On the other hand, PPI analysis of related proteins to DR rats before and after laser therapy corresponded to 33 proteins and 2 biological pathways. Discussion: Centrality and cluster screening identified hub-bottelneck genes, including Aldoa, HSPD1, Pgam2, Mapk3, SLC2A4, Ctnnb1, Ywhab, HSPA8, GAPDH and Actb for DR rats versus healthy control and ENO1, Aldoa, GAPDH for DR samples after laser therapy. CONCLUSION Gene expression analysis of the DR samples treated via laser therapy provides a molecular evidence in support of the therapeutic effect of laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Safaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Lashay
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ghasemi Broumand
- Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorder Research Center, Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Okhovatian
- Physiotherapy Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorder Research Center, Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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69
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Xiao L, Zheng S, Yan N, Chen D. E2f1 mediates high glucose-induced neuronal death in cultured mouse retinal explants. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1824-1834. [PMID: 28825879 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1361070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes and remains one of the major causes of blindness in the world; infants born to diabetic mothers have higher risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). While hyperglycemia is a major risk factor, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying DR and diabetic ROP are poorly understood. To explore the consequences of retinal cells under high glucose, we cultured wild type or E2f1-/- mouse retinal explants from postnatal day 8 with normal glucose, high osmotic or high glucose media. Explants were also incubated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to mimic the hypoxic condition. We showed that, at 7 days post exposure to high glucose, retinal explants displayed elevated cell death, ectopic cell division and intact retinal vascular plexus. Cell death mainly occurred in excitatory neurons, such as ganglion and bipolar cells, which were also ectopically dividing. Many Müller glial cells reentered the cell cycle; some had irregular morphology or migrated to other layers. High glucose inhibited the hyperoxia-induced blood vessel regression of retinal explants. Moreover, inactivation of E2f1 rescued high glucose-induced ectopic division and cell death of retinal neurons, but not ectopic cell division of Müller glial cells and vascular phenotypes. This suggests that high glucose has direct but distinct effects on retinal neurons, glial cells and blood vessels, and that E2f1 mediates its effects on retinal neurons. These findings shed new light onto mechanisms of DR and the fetal retinal abnormalities associated with maternal diabetes, and suggest possible new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yi Zhou
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Lirong Xiao
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Shijie Zheng
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Naihong Yan
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Danian Chen
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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70
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Kim YM, Gang EJ, Kahn M. CBP/Catenin antagonists: Targeting LSCs' Achilles heel. Exp Hematol 2017; 52:1-11. [PMID: 28479420 PMCID: PMC5526056 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), including leukemia stem cells (LSCs), exhibit self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and have the capacity to maintain or renew and propagate a tumor/leukemia. The initial isolation of CSCs/LSCs was in adult myelogenous leukemia, although more recently, the existence of CSCs in a wide variety of other cancers has been reported. CSCs, in general, and LSCs, specifically with respect to this review, are responsible for initiation of disease, therapeutic resistance and ultimately disease relapse. One key focus in cancer research over the past decade has been the development of therapies that safely eliminate the LSC/CSC population. One major obstacle to this goal is the identification of key mechanisms that distinguish LSCs from normal endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. An additional daunting feature that has recently come to light with advances in next-generation sequencing and single-cell sequencing is the heterogeneity within leukemias/tumors, with multiple combinations of mutations, gain and loss of function of genes, and so on being capable of driving disease, even within the CSC/LSC population. The focus of this review/perspective is on our work in identifying and validating, in both chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a safe and efficacious mechanism to target an evolutionarily conserved signaling nexus, which constitutes a common "Achilles heel" for LSCs/CSCs, using small molecule-specific CBP/catenin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eun-Ji Gang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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71
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Thermodynamics in Gliomas: Interactions between the Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma. Front Physiol 2017; 8:352. [PMID: 28620312 PMCID: PMC5451860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities with an increasing entropy rate which is characteristic of irreversible processes driven by changes in Gibbs energy, heat production, intracellular acidity, membrane potential gradient, and ionic conductance. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in glioma between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma and their metabolic and thermodynamic implications. In gliomas, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated while PPAR gamma is downregulated. Upregulation of WNT/beta-catenin signaling induces changes in key metabolic enzyme that modify their thermodynamics behavior. This leads to activation pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK-1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1). Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and in TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis despite the availability of oxygen, named Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is, in major part, converted into lactate. The WNT/beta-catenin pathway induces also the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, nucleotide synthesis, tumor growth, and angiogenesis, such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, PDK. In addition, in gliomas cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated, leading to a decrease in insulin sensitivity and an increase in neuroinflammation. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. Abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms and dysregulation in circadian clock genes are observed in gliomas. Circadian rhythms are dissipative structures, which play a key role in far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics through their interactions with WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma. In gliomas, metabolism, thermodynamics, and circadian rhythms are tightly interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1084, University of PoitiersPoitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, Université de PoitiersPoitiers, France
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, SP2MIFuturoscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, Université de PoitiersPoitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
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72
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Thermodynamics in cancers: opposing interactions between PPAR gamma and the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:14. [PMID: 28405929 PMCID: PMC5389954 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamic abnormalities. We focus this review on the interactions between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in cancers and their implications from an energetic and metabolic point of view. In numerous tissues, PPAR gamma activation induces inhibition of beta-catenin pathway, while the activation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway inactivates PPAR gamma. In most cancers but not all, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In cancer cells, upregulation of the WNT/beta-catenin signaling induces dramatic changes in key metabolic enzymes that modify their thermodynamic behavior. This leads to activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (PDK-1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis in spite of the availability of oxygen. This phenomenon is referred to as the Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is converted into lactate. The WNT/beta-catenin pathway induces the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, i.e., MYC and CYCLIN D1. This ultimately promotes the nucleotide, protein and lipid synthesis necessary for cell growth and multiplication. In cancer, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway induces an increase of the aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, prostaglandin E2 by activating the canonical WNT pathway plays also a role in cancer. In addition in many cancer cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. In cancers, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) are observed. CRs are dissipative structures which play a key-role in far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics. In cancers, metabolism, thermodynamics and CRs are intimately interrelated.
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73
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Interactions between PPAR Gamma and the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Colon Cancer. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:5879090. [PMID: 28298922 PMCID: PMC5337359 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5879090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In both colon cancer and type 2 diabetes, metabolic changes induced by upregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) may help account for the frequent association of these two diseases. In both diseases, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In colon cancer, upregulation of the canonical Wnt system induces activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and deactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. As a result, a large part of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through activation of lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate is extruded out of the cell by means of activation of monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1. This phenomenon is called Warburg effect. PPAR gamma agonists induce beta-catenin inhibition, while inhibition of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activates PPAR gamma.
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74
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Gutiérrez-Salmerón M, Chocarro-Calvo A, García-Martínez JM, de la Vieja A, García-Jiménez C. Epidemiological bases and molecular mechanisms linking obesity, diabetes, and cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:109-117. [PMID: 28440775 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between diabetes and cancer was hypothesized almost one century ago. Today, a vast number of epidemiological studies support that obese and diabetic populations are more likely to experience tissue-specific cancers, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Obesity, diabetes, and cancer share many hormonal, immune, and metabolic changes that may account for the relationship between diabetes and cancer. In addition, antidiabetic treatments may have an impact on the occurrence and course of some cancers. Moreover, some anticancer treatments may induce diabetes. These observations aroused a great controversy because of the ethical implications and the associated commercial interests. We report an epidemiological update from a mechanistic perspective that suggests the existence of many common and differential individual mechanisms linking obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus to certain cancers. The challenge today is to identify the molecular links responsible for this association. Classification of cancers by their molecular signatures may facilitate future mechanistic and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gutiérrez-Salmerón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - Ana Chocarro-Calvo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Universidad de Oxford, Headington, Oxford, Reino Unido
| | - José Manuel García-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - Antonio de la Vieja
- Unidad de Tumores Endocrinos (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España.
| | - Custodia García-Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
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75
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Kallens V, Tobar N, Molina J, Bidegain A, Smith PC, Porras O, Martínez J. Glucose Promotes a Pro-Oxidant and Pro-Inflammatory Stromal Microenvironment Which Favors Motile Properties in Breast Tumor Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:994-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Kallens
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, INTA; Universidad de Chile; Santiago 7830490 Chile
| | - Nicolás Tobar
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, INTA; Universidad de Chile; Santiago 7830490 Chile
| | - Jessica Molina
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, INTA; Universidad de Chile; Santiago 7830490 Chile
| | - Arantzazú Bidegain
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, INTA; Universidad de Chile; Santiago 7830490 Chile
| | - Patricio C. Smith
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Periodontal; Facultad de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago 8330024 Chile
| | - Omar Porras
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, INTA; Universidad de Chile; Santiago 7830490 Chile
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, INTA; Universidad de Chile; Santiago 7830490 Chile
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76
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Rêgo DF, Elias ST, Amato AA, Canto GDL, Guerra ENS. Anti-tumor effects of metformin on head and neck carcinoma cell lines: A systematic review. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:554-566. [PMID: 28356929 PMCID: PMC5351305 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes, and may also reduce cancer risk. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between metformin use and a decreased risk of head and neck cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the available literature on the in vitro anti-tumor effects of metformin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Research studies were obtained from Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE and PubMed databases, without time or language restrictions. Only in vitro studies analyzing the effects of metformin on HNSCC cell lines were included. The authors methodically appraised all the selected studies according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to make a judgment of the evidence quality. Of the 388 identified reports, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used for qualitative analysis. These studies demonstrated that metformin is important in inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and in regulating proteins involved in carcinogenesis pathways, which corroborates its potential in vitro anti-tumor effects. The present systematic review highlights the biological mechanisms of metformin used alone or together with traditional therapies for cancer. Though very limited, currently available preclinical evidence shows that metformin exerts a potential effect on head and neck carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fortunato Rêgo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70843-080, Brazil
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70843-080, Brazil
| | - AngéLica Amorim Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88036-800, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70843-080, Brazil
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Kafri P, Hasenson SE, Kanter I, Sheinberger J, Kinor N, Yunger S, Shav-Tal Y. Quantifying β-catenin subcellular dynamics and cyclin D1 mRNA transcription during Wnt signaling in single living cells. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27879202 PMCID: PMC5161448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal propagation from the cell membrane to a promoter can induce gene expression. To examine signal transmission through sub-cellular compartments and its effect on transcription levels in individual cells within a population, we used the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a model system. Wnt signaling orchestrates a response through nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the cell population. However, quantitative live-cell measurements in individual cells showed variability in nuclear β-catenin accumulation, which could occur in two waves, followed by slow clearance. Nuclear accumulation dynamics were initially rapid, cell cycle independent and differed substantially from LiCl stimulation, presumed to mimic Wnt signaling. β-catenin levels increased simultaneously at adherens junctions and the centrosome, and a membrane-centrosome transport system was revealed. Correlating β-catenin nuclear dynamics to cyclin D1 transcriptional activation showed that the nuclear accumulation rate of change of the signaling factor, and not actual protein levels, correlated with the transcriptional output of the pathway. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16748.001 Cells in an animal’s body must communicate with one another to coordinate many processes that are essential to life. One way that cells do this is by releasing molecules that bind to receptors located on the surface of others cells; this binding then triggers a signaling pathway in the receiving cell that passes information from the surface of the cell to its interior. The last stage of these pathways typically involves specific genes being activated, which changes the cell’s overall activity. Wnt is one protein that animal cells release to control how nearby cells grow and divide. One arm of the Wnt signaling pathway involves a protein called β-catenin. In the absence of a Wnt signal, there is little β-catenin in the cell. When Wnt binds to its receptor, β-catenin accumulates and enters the cell’s nucleus to activate its target genes. One of these genes, called cyclin D1, controls cell division. However it was not understood how β-catenin builds up in response to a Wnt signal and influences the activity of genes. Using microscopy, Kafri et al. have now examined how the activities of β-catenin and the cyclin D1 gene change in living human cells. These analyses were initially performed in a population of cells, and confirmed that β-catenin rapidly accumulates after a Wnt signal and that the cyclin D1 gene becomes activated. Individual cells in a population can respond differently to signaling events. To assess whether human cells differ in their responses to Wnt, Kafri et al. examined the dynamics of β-catenin in single cells in real time. In most cells, β-catenin accumulated after Wnt activation. However, the time taken to accumulate β-catenin, and this protein’s levels, varied between individual cells. Most cells showed the “average” response, with one major wave of accumulation that peaked about two hours after the Wnt signal. Notably, in some cells, β-catenin accumulated in the cell’s nucleus in two waves; in other words, the levels in this compartment of the cell increased, dropped slightly and then increased again. So how does β-catenin in the nucleus activate target genes? Kafri et al. saw that the absolute number of β-catenin molecules in the nucleus did not affect the activity of cyclin D1. Instead, cells appeared to sense how quickly the amount of β-catenin in the nucleus changes over time, and this rate influences the activation of cyclin D1. Importantly, problems with Wnt signaling have been linked to diseases in humans; and different components of the Wnt signaling pathway are mutated in many cancers. An important next challenge will be to uncover how the dynamics of this pathway change during disease. Furthermore, a better understanding of Wnt signaling may in future help efforts to develop new drugs that can target the altered pathway in cancer cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16748.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinhas Kafri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sarah E Hasenson
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sheinberger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Kinor
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Yunger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Ganoderic Acid A Targeting β-Catenin in Wnt Signaling Pathway: In Silico and In Vitro Study. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 10:233-243. [PMID: 27549815 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are the group of signaling transduction controlling the embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell fate specification, and body axis pattern. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in Wnt signaling is a widely recognized marker of poor cancer prognosis which regulates fat and glucose metabolism. Ganoderic acid is a triterpene isolated from fungus Ganoderma lucidum renowned for its pharmacological effects. The present study revealed the mechanistic study of β-catenin with 50 isoforms of ganoderic acid by molecular docking using Maestro 9.6 (Schrödinger Inc) in Wnt signaling pathway. Molecular docking reveals the binding interaction of β-catenin and ganoderic acid A with GScore (-9.44), kcal/mol, lipophilic EvdW (-2.86), electro (-0.72), Glide emodel (-50.401), MM-GBSA (-87.441), H bond (-1.91) with Lys 180 and Asn 220 residues involved in hydrogen bonding. Qikprop analyzed the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity and confirmed that most of the isoforms satisfies Lipinski rule but needs little modifications in their structure. The ganoderic acid A is the best-docked isoforms which inhibits the proliferation, viability, and intracellular ROS of pancreatic cancer RIN-5F cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Relays Metabolic Signals to Promote Cellular Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4389802. [PMID: 27563312 PMCID: PMC4987465 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4389802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While sensing the cell environment, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) interacts with different pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes evidence suggesting that cellular regeneration in the context of aging and diseases can be modulated by AHR signaling on stem cells. New insights connect orphaned observations into AHR interactions with critical signaling pathways such as WNT to propose a role of this ligand-activated transcription factor in the modulation of cellular regeneration by altering pathways that nurture cellular expansion such as changes in the metabolic efficiency rather than by directly altering cell cycling, proliferation, or cell death. Targeting the AHR to promote regeneration might prove to be a useful strategy to avoid unbalanced disruptions of homeostasis that may promote disease and also provide biological rationale for potential regenerative medicine approaches.
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80
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Subramaniyan B, Jagadeesan K, Ramakrishnan S, Mathan G. Targeting the interaction of Aurora kinases and SIRT1 mediated by Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A critical review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:413-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Fujita K, Iwama H, Miyoshi H, Tani J, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Sakamoto T, Nomura T, Morishita A, Yoneyama H, Masaki T. Diabetes mellitus and metformin in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6100-13. [PMID: 27468203 PMCID: PMC4945972 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for cancer, is also globally endemic. The clinical link between these two diseases has been the subject of investigation for a century, and diabetes mellitus has been established as a risk factor for HCC. Accordingly, metformin, a first-line oral anti-diabetic, was first proposed as a candidate anti-cancer agent in 2005 in a cohort study in Scotland. Several subsequent large cohort studies and randomized controlled trials have not demonstrated significant efficacy for metformin in suppressing HCC incidence and mortality in diabetic patients; however, two recent randomized controlled trials have reported positive data for the tumor-preventive potential of metformin in non-diabetic subjects. The search for biological links between cancer and diabetes has revealed intracellular pathways that are shared by cancer and diabetes. The signal transduction mechanisms by which metformin suppresses carcinogenesis in cell lines or xenograft tissues and improves chemoresistance in cancer stem cells have also been elucidated. This review addresses the clinical and biological links between HCC and diabetes mellitus and the anti-cancer activity of metformin in clinical studies and basic experiments.
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Kahlert UD, Mooney SM, Natsumeda M, Steiger HJ, Maciaczyk J. Targeting cancer stem-like cells in glioblastoma and colorectal cancer through metabolic pathways. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:10-22. [PMID: 27389307 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are thought to be the main cause of tumor occurrence, progression and therapeutic resistance. Strong research efforts in the last decade have led to the development of several tailored approaches to target CSCs with some very promising clinical trials underway; however, until now no anti-CSC therapy has been approved for clinical use. Given the recent improvement in our understanding of how onco-proteins can manipulate cellular metabolic networks to promote tumorigenesis, cancer metabolism research may well lead to innovative strategies to identify novel regulators and downstream mediators of CSC maintenance. Interfering with distinct stages of CSC-associated metabolics may elucidate novel, more efficient strategies to target this highly malignant cell population. Here recent discoveries regarding the metabolic properties attributed to CSCs in glioblastoma (GBM) and malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) were summarized. The association between stem cell markers, the response to hypoxia and other environmental stresses including therapeutic insults as well as developmentally conserved signaling pathways with alterations in cellular bioenergetic networks were also discussed. The recent developments in metabolic imaging to identify CSCs were also summarized. This summary should comprehensively update basic and clinical scientists on the metabolic traits of CSCs in GBM and malignant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- U D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S M Mooney
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - M Natsumeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H-J Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
The recent recognition of the clinical association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and several types of human cancer has been further highlighted by reports of antidiabetic drugs treating or promoting cancer. At the cellular level, a plethora of molecules operating within distinct signaling pathways suggests cross-talk between the multiple pathways at the interface of the diabetes–cancer link. Additionally, a growing body of emerging evidence implicates homeostatic pathways that may become imbalanced during the pathogenesis of T2D or cancer or that become chronically deregulated by prolonged drug administration, leading to the development of cancer in diabetes and vice versa. This notion underscores the importance of combining clinical and basic mechanistic studies not only to unravel mechanisms of disease development but also to understand mechanisms of drug action. In turn, this may help the development of personalized strategies in which drug doses and administration durations are tailored to individual cases at different stages of the disease progression to achieve more efficacious treatments that undermine the diabetes–cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Tudzarova
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Mahasin A Osman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 Department of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 41404
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84
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Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Pandey V, Joseph J, Mohan R, Shetty PK, Bhat MK. Glucose induced activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma is regulated by DKK4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27558. [PMID: 27272409 PMCID: PMC4897783 DOI: 10.1038/srep27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated glycemic index, an important feature of diabetes is implicated in an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this association are relatively less explored. Present study investigates the effect of hyperglycemia over HCC proliferation. We observed that high glucose culture condition (HG) specifically activates canonical Wnt signaling in HCC cells, which is mediated by suppression of DKK4 (a Wnt antagonist) expression and enhanced β-catenin level. Functional assays demonstrated that a normoglycemic culture condition (NG) maintains constitutive expression of DKK4, which controls HCC proliferation rate by suppressing canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HG diminishes DKK4 expression leading to loss of check at G0/G1/S phases of the cell cycle thereby enhancing HCC proliferation, in a β-catenin dependent manner. Interestingly, in NOD/SCID mice supplemented with high glucose, HepG2 xenografted tumors grew rapidly in which elevated levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and decreased levels of DKK4 were detected. Knockdown of DKK4 by shRNA promotes proliferation of HCC cells in NG, which is suppressed by treating cells exogenously with recombinant DKK4 protein. Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate an important functional role of DKK4 in glucose facilitated HCC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Snahlata Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Dipti Athavale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Rajashekar Mohan
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
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85
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Guan B, Li W, Li F, Xie Y, Ni Q, Gu Y, Li X, Wang Q, Zhang H, Ning G. Sfrp5 mediates glucose-induced proliferation in rat pancreatic β-cells. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:73-83. [PMID: 26869333 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms of glucose-stimulated β-cell proliferation are poorly understood. Recently, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (encoded by Sfrp5; a Wnt signaling inhibitor) has been demonstrated to be involved in β-cell proliferation in obesity. A previous study demonstrated that glucose enhanced Wnt signaling to promote cell proliferation. We hypothesized that inhibition of SFRP5 contributes to glucose-stimulated β-cell proliferation. In this study, we found that the Sfrp5 level was significantly reduced in high glucose-treated INS-1 cells, primary rat β-cells, and islets isolated from glucose-infused rats. Overexpression of SFRP5 diminished glucose-stimulated proliferation in both INS-1 cells and primary β-cells, with a concomitant inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway and decreased cyclin D2 expression. In addition, we showed that glucose-induced Sfrp5 suppression was modulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, we conclude that glucose inhibits Sfrp5 expression via the PI3K/AKT pathway and hence promotes rat pancreatic β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Guan
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China Department of EndocrinologyFuJian Union hospital, Fuzhou, P R China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Fengying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Yun Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Qicheng Ni
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Yanyun Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Qidi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P R China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE I sought to determine how medical comorbidities co-exist with incident psychiatric condition. METHOD I used data from all 11 available waves (1992-2012) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). I identified 4,358 index participants with self-reported incident psychiatric condition. I collected comorbidity data from participants preceding, including, and succeeding that incident wave. Comorbidities assessed included high blood pressure (HBP), diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, and arthritis. Modified Poisson regression combined with log-linked binomial regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of reporting a comorbidity preceding and following the incident wave. Multiple comparison testing dictated significance of RRs with p < .007. RESULTS For the waves preceding the index wave, the RRs of reporting all comorbidities except HBP and cancer were significantly (p < .007) increased. For the waves following incident psychiatric condition, the risks of reporting heart disease, diabetes, and lung disease were significantly (p < .007) increased. These results were adjusted for participant age, race, gender, other comorbidities listed, and the wave in which a comorbidity was reported. CONCLUSION The bidirectional association between a psychiatric condition and medical illnesses could only be statistically confirmed for lung disease, diabetes, and heart disease. It is of interest to determine how reporting a psychiatric condition may affect the sequelae of health care use and treatment outcomes for patients with either of these comorbidities or a combination of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Fluegge
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
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87
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Thomas PD, Kahn M. Kat3 coactivators in somatic stem cells and cancer stem cells: biological roles, evolution, and pharmacologic manipulation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:61-81. [PMID: 27008332 PMCID: PMC7458431 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived somatic stem cells regenerate adult tissues throughout our lifetime. However, with aging, there is a significant deterioration in the function of stem and progenitor cells, which contribute to diseases of aging. The decision for a long-lived somatic stem cell to become activated and subsequently to undergo either a symmetric or an asymmetric division is a critical cellular decision process. The decision to preferentially divide symmetrically or asymmetrically may be the major fundamental intrinsic difference between normal somatic stem cells and cancer stem cells. Based upon work done primarily in our laboratory over the past 15 years, this article provides a perspective on the critical role of somatic stem cells in aging. In particular, we discuss the importance of symmetric versus asymmetric divisions in somatic stem cells and the role of the differential usage of the highly similar Kat3 coactivators, CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300, in stem cells. We describe and propose a more complete model for the biological mechanism and roles of these two coactivators, their evolution, and unique roles and importance in stem cell biology. Finally, we discuss the potential to pharmacologically manipulate Kat3 coactivator interactions in endogenous stem cells (both normal and cancer stem cells) to potentially ameliorate the aging process and common diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Thomas
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 2501, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- USC Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 4501, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Yang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Nan G, Li Y, Zhang F, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Bi Y, He TC. The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis: implications in targeted cancer therapies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:116-36. [PMID: 26618721 PMCID: PMC4731283 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway governs a myriad of biological processes underlying the development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WNTs are secreted lipid-modified glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The hallmark of the canonical pathway is the activation of β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. Canonical WNTs control the β-catenin dynamics as the cytoplasmic level of β-catenin is tightly regulated via phosphorylation by the 'destruction complex', consisting of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), the scaffold protein AXIN, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Aberrant regulation of this signaling cascade is associated with varieties of human diseases, especially cancers. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of canonical WNT signaling. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of WNT signaling at the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular/nuclear levels, including the emerging knowledge of cross-talk with other pathways. Recent progresses in developing novel WNT pathway-targeted therapies will also be reviewed. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a refresher of the current understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to outline potential therapeutic opportunities by targeting the canonical WNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
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High glucose enhances progression of cholangiocarcinoma cells via STAT3 activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18995. [PMID: 26743134 PMCID: PMC4705543 DOI: 10.1038/srep18995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), however, the effects and mechanisms of high glucose on progression of CCA remain unclear. This study reports for the first time of the enhancing effects of high glucose on aggressive phenotypes of CCA cells via STAT3 activation. CCA cells cultured in high glucose media exerted significantly higher rates of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion than those cultured in normal glucose. The phosphokinase array revealed STAT3 as the dominant signal activated in response to high glucose. Increased nuclear STAT3, p-STAT3 and its downstream target proteins, cyclin D1, vimentin and MMP2, were shown to be underling mechanisms of high glucose stimulation. The link of high glucose and STAT3 activation was confirmed in tumor tissues from CCA patients with DM that exhibited higher STAT3 activation than those without DM. Moreover, the levels of STAT3 activation were correlated with the levels of blood glucose. Finally, decreasing the level of glucose or using a STAT3 inhibitor could reduce the effects of high glucose. These findings suggest that controlling blood glucose or using a STAT3 inhibitor as an alternative approach may improve the therapeutic outcome of CCA patients with DM.
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90
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Shin HR, Islam R, Yoon WJ, Lee T, Cho YD, Bae HS, Kim BS, Woo KM, Baek JH, Ryoo HM. Pin1-mediated Modification Prolongs the Nuclear Retention of β-Catenin in Wnt3a-induced Osteoblast Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5555-5565. [PMID: 26740630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway, in which β-catenin nuclear localization is a crucial step, plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. Pin1, a prolyl isomerase, is also known as a key enzyme in osteogenesis. However, the role of Pin1 in canonical Wnt signal-induced osteoblast differentiation is poorly understood. We found that Pin1 deficiency caused osteopenia and reduction of β-catenin in bone lining cells. Similarly, Pin1 knockdown or treatment with Pin1 inhibitors strongly decreased the nuclear β-catenin level, TOP flash activity, and expression of bone marker genes induced by canonical Wnt activation and vice versa in Pin1 overexpression. Pin1 interacts directly with and isomerizes β-catenin in the nucleus. The isomerized β-catenin could not bind to nuclear adenomatous polyposis coli, which drives β-catenin out of the nucleus for proteasomal degradation, which consequently increases the retention of β-catenin in the nucleus and might explain the decrease of β-catenin ubiquitination. These results indicate that Pin1 could be a critical target to modulate β-catenin-mediated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Shin
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Rabia Islam
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Won-Joon Yoon
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Taegyung Lee
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Young-Dan Cho
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and; Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Korea
| | - Han-Sol Bae
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Bong-Su Kim
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Kyung-Mi Woo
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, and.
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91
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Hoke GD, Ramos C, Hoke NN, Crossland MC, Shawler LG, Boykin JV. Atypical Diabetic Foot Ulcer Keratinocyte Protein Signaling Correlates with Impaired Wound Healing. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1586927. [PMID: 27840833 PMCID: PMC5093264 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1586927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and wound infections often resulting in lower extremity amputations. The protein signaling architecture of the mechanisms responsible for impaired DFU healing has not been characterized. In this preliminary clinical study, the intracellular levels of proteins involved in signal transduction networks relevant to wound healing were non-biasedly measured using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) in keratinocytes isolated from DFU wound biopsies. RPPA allows for the simultaneous documentation and assessment of the signaling pathways active in each DFU. Thus, RPPA provides for the accurate mapping of wound healing pathways associated with apoptosis, proliferation, senescence, survival, and angiogenesis. From the study data, we have identified potential diagnostic, or predictive, biomarkers for DFU wound healing derived from the ratios of quantified signaling protein expressions within interconnected pathways. These biomarkers may allow physicians to personalize therapeutic strategies for DFU management on an individual basis based upon the signaling architecture present in each wound. Additionally, we have identified altered, interconnected signaling pathways within DFU keratinocytes that may help guide the development of therapeutics to modulate these dysregulated pathways, many of which parallel the therapeutic targets which are the hallmarks of molecular therapies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D. Hoke
- Theranostics Health, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Corrine Ramos
- Theranostics Health, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | | | - Mary C. Crossland
- HCA Chippenham Medical Center, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Lisa G. Shawler
- HCA Chippenham Medical Center, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Joseph V. Boykin
- HCA Retreat Doctors' Hospital, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
- *Joseph V. Boykin:
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92
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Shi J, Xiong L, Li J, Cao H, Jiang W, Liu B, Chen X, Liu C, Liu K, Wang G, Cai K. A Linear Dose-Response Relationship between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17591. [PMID: 26620869 PMCID: PMC4665197 DOI: 10.1038/srep17591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the question of whether hyperglycaemia, a manifestation of prediabetes, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, is a risk factor for colorectal cancer has been intensely studied. In fact, even after the conclusion of several prospective studies, the topic is still controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the dose-response relationship between blood glucose concentration and the incidence of colorectal cancer. A linear (P = 0.303 for non-linearity) dose-response relationship was observed between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and colorectal cancer risk without significant heterogeneity. The relative risk (RR) for colorectal cancer per 20 mg/dL increase in FPG was 1.015 (95% CI: 1.012-1.019, P = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, the pooled RRs for colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) studies were 1.035 (95% CI 1.008-1.062, P = 0.011) and 1.031 (95% CI: 0.189-5.628, P = 0.972), respectively; in the analysis comparing men and women, the pooled RRs were 1.016 (95% CI: 1.012-1.020, P = 0.000) and 1.011 (95% CI: 0.995-1.027, P = 0.164), respectively. Sensitivity analyses using two methods showed similar results. In conclusion, there is a significant linear dose-response relationship between FPG and the incidence risk of colorectal cancer. For people with diabetes or prediabetes, controlling blood glucose might be useful to prevent colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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93
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He S, Lu Y, Liu X, Huang X, Keller ET, Qian CN, Zhang J. Wnt3a: functions and implications in cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:554-62. [PMID: 26369691 PMCID: PMC4593336 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt3a, one of Wnt family members, plays key roles in regulating pleiotropic cellular functions, including self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Wnt3a promotes or suppresses tumor progression via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway depending on cancer type. In addition, the roles of Wnt3a signaling can be inhibited by multiple proteins or chemicals. Herein, we summarize the latest findings on Wnt3a as an important therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha He
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 51006, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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94
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Murad HAS, Saleh HA, Abdulaziz GS, Abdulsattar MA, Ali SS. Effect of metformin and pioglitazone on β-catenin and biochemical markers in sitagliptin-induced pancreatitis in diabetic rats. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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95
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Dorfman T, Pollak Y, Sohotnik R, Coran AG, Bejar J, Sukhotnik I. Enhanced intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in diabetic rats correlates with β-catenin accumulation. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:135-43. [PMID: 26297291 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is implicated in the control of stem cell activity, cell proliferation, and cell survival of the gastrointestinal epithelium. Recent evidence indicates that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated under diabetic conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during diabetes-induced enteropathy in a rat model. Male rats were divided into three groups: control rats received injections of vehicle; diabetic rats received injections of one dose of streptozotocin (STZ); and diabetic-insulin rats received injections of STZ and were treated with insulin given subcutaneously at a dose of 1 U/kg twice daily. Rats were killed on day 7. Wnt/β-catenin-related genes and expression of proteins was determined using real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Among 13 genes identified by real-time PCR, seven genes were upregulated in diabetic rats compared with control animals including the target genes c-Myc and Tcf4. Diabetic rats also showed a significant increase in β-catenin protein compared with control animals. Treatment of diabetic rats attenuated the stimulating effect of diabetes on intestinal cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, enhanced intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in diabetic rats correlates with β-catenin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Dorfman
- Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yulia Pollak
- Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rima Sohotnik
- Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arnold G Coran
- Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob Bejar
- Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Igor Sukhotnik
- Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and RecoveryThe Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartments of Pediatric Surgery BPathologyBnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, PO Box 4940, Haifa 31048, IsraelSection of Pediatric SurgeryC.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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96
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Myers A, Fig D, Tugendhaft A, Mandle J, Myers J, Hofman K. Sugar and health in South Africa: Potential challenges to leveraging policy change. Glob Public Health 2015; 12:98-115. [PMID: 26315455 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that excessive sugar consumption is driving epidemics of obesity and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) around the world. South Africa (SA), a major consumer of sugar, is also the third most obese country in Africa, and 40% of all deaths in the country result from NCDs. A number of fiscal, regulatory, and legislative levers could reduce sugar consumption in SA. This paper focuses on a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the challenges that government might anticipate. Policies cannot be enacted in a vacuum and discussion is focused on the industrial, economic, and societal context. The affected industry actors have been part of the SA economy for over a century and remain influential. To deflect attention, the sugar industry can be expected either to advocate for self-regulation or to promote public-private partnerships. This paper cautions against both approaches as evidence suggests that they will be ineffective in curbing the negative health impacts caused by excessive sugar consumption. In summary, policy needs to be introduced with a political strategy sensitive to the various interests at stake. In particular, the sugar industry can be expected to be resistant to the introduction of any type of tax on SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Myers
- a PRICELESS SA- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health-Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - David Fig
- b Environmental Evaluation Unit , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,c Society, Work and Development Institute , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,d Transnational Institute , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Aviva Tugendhaft
- a PRICELESS SA- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health-Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Jessie Mandle
- a PRICELESS SA- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health-Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Jonathan Myers
- e Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Karen Hofman
- a PRICELESS SA- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health-Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
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97
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XU JIAJUN, SUN TAO, HU XUEBING. microRNA-513c suppresses the proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by repressing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4403-4409. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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98
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Diabetes mellitus: Possible risk and promoting factors of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:274-8. [PMID: 25910864 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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99
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Adiponectin promotes pancreatic cancer progression by inhibiting apoptosis via the activation of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4732-45. [PMID: 25051362 PMCID: PMC4148095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted adipokine with pleiotropic actions. Clinical evidence has shown that serum adiponectin levels are increased and that adiponectin can protect pancreatic beta cells against apoptosis, which suggests that adiponectin may play an anti-apoptotic role in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on PC development and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Adiponectin deficiency markedly attenuated pancreatic tumorigenesis in vivo. We found that adiponectin significantly inhibited the apoptosis of both human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells via adipoR1, but not adipoR2. Furthermore, adiponectin can increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) of PC cells. Knockdown of AMPK or Sirt1 can increase the apoptosis in PC cells. AMPK up-regulated Sirt1, and Sirt1 can inversely phosphorylate AMPK. Further studies have shown that Sirt1 can deacetylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which can increase the expression levels of mitochondrial genes. Thus, adiponectin exerts potent anti-apoptotic effects on PC cells via the activation of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α signaling. Finally, adiponectin can elevate β-catenin levels. Taken together, these novel findings reveal an unconventional role of adiponectin in promoting pancreatic cancers, and suggest that the effects of adiponectin on tumorigenesis are highly tissue-dependent.
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100
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MiR-939 promotes the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by repressing APC2 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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