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Switching of Redox Signaling by Prdx6 Expression Decides Cellular Fate by Hormetic Phenomena Involving Nrf2 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081266. [PMID: 35455944 PMCID: PMC9028283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to remodeling of antioxidant defense can affect the status of biological homeostasis in aging/oxidative stress. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), an antioxidant gene downstream target for the Nrf2 pathway, plays a role in regulating ROS homeostasis. Using aging human (h) lens epithelial cells (LECs) or Prdx6-deficient (Prdx6-/-) mouse (m) LECs, here we showed that dichlorofluorescein (DCF) oxidation or H2O2 were strictly controlled by Prdx6. We observed that a moderate degree of oxidative stress augmented Nrf2-mediated Prdx6 expression, while higher doses of H2O2 (≥100 µM) caused a dramatic loss of Prdx6 expression, resulting in increased DCF oxidation and H2O2 amplification and cell death. Mechanistically, at increased oxidative stress, Nrf2 upregulated transcriptional factor Klf9, and that Klf9 bound to the promoter and repressed the Prdx6 gene. Similarly, cells overexpressing Klf9 displayed Klf9-dependent Prdx6 suppression and DCF oxidation with H2O2 amplification, while ShKlf9 reversed the process. Our data revealed that H2O2 and DCF oxidation levels play a hormetical role, and the Nrf2-Klf9-Prdx6 pathway is pivotal for the phenomena under the conditions of oxidative load/aging. On the whole, the results demonstrate that oxidative hormetical response is essentially based on levels of oxidative triggering and the status of Klf9-Prdx6 pathway activation; thus, Klf9 can be considered as a therapeutic target for hormetic shifting of cellular defense to improve protective resilience to oxidative stress.
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Brown AR, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM, Melnyk SB, Heard-Lipsmeyer ME, Montales MTE, Habenicht D, Van TT, Simmen FA. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)-Promoting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071737. [PMID: 35406507 PMCID: PMC8996893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined, in mice, the effects of Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) knockout on: adiposity, hepatic and systemic oxidative stress, and hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory and NOX/DUOX family genes, in a high-fat diet (HFD) context. Male and female Klf9+/+ (wild type, WT) and Klf9-/- (knockout, KO) mice were fed HFD (beginning at age 35 days) for 12 weeks, after which liver and adipose tissues were obtained, and serum adiponectin and leptin levels, liver fat content, and markers of oxidative stress evaluated. Klf9-/- mice of either sex did not exhibit significant alterations in weight gain, adipocyte size, adipokine levels, or liver fat content when compared to WT counterparts. However, Klf9-/- mice of both sexes had increased liver weight/size (hepatomegaly). This was accompanied by increased hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and increased homocysteine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 4HNE content. Decreased GSH to GSSG ratio and a trend toward increased homocysteine levels were observed in the corresponding Klf9-/- mouse serum. Gene expression analysis showed a heightened pro-inflammatory state in livers from Klf9-/- mice. KLF9 suppresses hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, thus identifying potential mechanisms for KLF9 suppression of HCC and perhaps cancers of other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Brown
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stepan B. Melnyk
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Melissa E. Heard-Lipsmeyer
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Maria Theresa E. Montales
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Daniel Habenicht
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Trang T. Van
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-8128
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Guo X, Liang M. Metformin alleviates dexamethasone-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K in osteoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113120. [PMID: 35341775 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. Osteoblast apoptosis induced by GCs is now considered as a crucial factor for GIOP. Many clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that metformin has a beneficial effect on bone metabolism and bone formation. To investigate whether metformin could be used to treat GIOP, we explored the influence of metformin on dexamethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, the CCK8 assay was used to determine the optimal metformin concentration and processing time. The expression levels of target proteins were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence; the expression levels of target genes were tested by quantitative PCR. Apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometry. Characteristics of autophagy were observed by transmission electron microscopy. An autophagy inhibitor was administered to investigate whether autophagy decreases apoptosis. Sh-AMPK transfection and an mTOR activator were used to investigate the role of AMPK/mTOR signaling in metformin-induced autophagy. The results showed that metformin alleviated Dex-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts accompanied by increased autophagy. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the effect of metformin on apoptosis, autophagy, and the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. The anti-apoptotic effect of metformin on osteoblasts is associated with the promotion of autophagy. Furthermore, sh-AMPK transfection and the mTOR activator MHY1485 impaired metformin-mediated inhibition of osteoblast apoptosis and promotion of autophagy. The AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway plays a role in metformin-mediated apoptosis suppression and autophagy promotion. In conclusion, metformin can alleviate Dex-induced osteoblast apoptosis by inducing autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. This study highlights the potential value of metformin in the treatment of GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Guo
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Modulation of Cellular Redox Parameters for Improving Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030455. [PMID: 35326105 PMCID: PMC8944660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Raised oxidative stress and abnormal redox status are typical features of multiple myeloma cells, and the identification of the intimate mechanisms that regulate the relationships between neoplastic cells and redox homeostasis may reveal possible new anti-myeloma therapeutic targets to increase the effectiveness of anti-myeloma drugs synergistically or to eradicate drug-resistant clones while reducing toxicity toward normal cells. An alteration of the oxidative state is not only responsible for the onset of multiple myeloma and its progression, but it also appears essential for the therapeutic response and for developing any chemoresistance. Our review aimed to evaluate the literature’s current data on the effects of oxidative stress on the response to drugs generally employed in the therapy of multiple myeloma, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and autologous transplantation. In the second part of the review, we analyzed the possibility of using other substances, often of natural origin, to modulate the oxidative stress to interfere with the progression of myelomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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Singh R, Manna PP. Reactive oxygen species in cancer progression and its role in therapeutics. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox status in pathogenesis is critically regulated by careful balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination. Increased ROS level above the cellular tolerability threshold results in apoptotic or necrotic cell death. ROS belongs to a group of highly reactive compounds that have evolved to play key roles in cellular signaling pathways. It’s widely assumed that a reasonable amount of ROS is essential for a variety of biological processes. Elevated levels of ROS are known to cause various pathologic conditions like neurological disorders, cardiovascular conditions, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. ROS is well known to initiate and assist in progression of tumor by promoting proliferation and survival of cancer cells and thus facilitates pro-tumorigenic signaling in tumor microenvironment. As cancer cells become more resilient to the effects of ROS manipulating drugs, increased antioxidant capacity attenuates their susceptibility to cancer treatment. Excessive environmental stress, on the other hand, can cause cancer cells to die. This review summarizes various molecular mechanisms including the role of checkpoint inhibitors that can be harnessed to develop effective therapeutic strategies for targeting ROS
related signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Loss of LKB1-NUAK1 signalling enhances NF-κB activity in a spheroid model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3011. [PMID: 35194062 PMCID: PMC8863794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although most HGSOC patients respond initially to debulking surgery combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy, many ultimately relapse with platinum-resistant disease. Thus, improving outcomes requires new ways of limiting metastasis and eradicating residual disease. We identified previously that Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and its substrate NUAK1 are implicated in EOC spheroid cell viability and are required for efficient metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. Here, we sought to identify additional signalling pathways altered in EOC cells due to LKB1 or NUAK1 loss-of-function. Transcriptome analysis revealed that inflammatory signalling mediated by NF-κB transcription factors is hyperactive due to LKB1-NUAK1 loss in HGSOC cells and spheroids. Upregulated NF-κB signalling due to NUAK1 loss suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and sustains cell survival in spheroids. NF-κB signalling is also activated in HGSOC precursor fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell spheroids, and is further enhanced by NUAK1 loss. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of OVCAR8 xenograft tumors lacking NUAK1 displayed increased RelB expression and nuclear staining. Our results support the idea that NUAK1 and NF-κB signalling pathways together regulate ROS and inflammatory signalling, supporting cell survival during each step of HGSOC pathogenesis. We propose that their combined inhibition may be efficacious as a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced HGSOC.
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Chu PM, Yu CC, Tsai KL, Hsieh PL. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020274. [PMID: 35207562 PMCID: PMC8877270 DOI: 10.3390/life12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a well-known metabolic disorder with numerous complications, such as macrovascular diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease), microvascular diseases (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic cataract), and neuropathy. Multiple contributing factors are implicated in these complications, and the accumulation of oxidative stress is one of the critical ones. Several lines of evidence have suggested that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that eventually contribute to diabetic vascular complications. As one kind of epigenetic regulator involved in various disorders, non-coding RNAs have received great attention over the past few years. Non-coding RNAs can be roughly divided into short (such as microRNAs; ~21–25 nucleotides) or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; >200 nucleotides). In this review, we briefly discussed the research regarding the roles of various lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, MEG3, GAS5, SNHG16, CASC2, HOTAIR, in the development of diabetic vascular complications in response to the stimulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Li Q, Chen H, Li Z, Zhang F, Chen L. Glucocorticoid caused lactic acid accumulation and damage in human chondrocytes via ROS-mediated inhibition of Monocarboxylate Transporter 4. Bone 2022; 155:116299. [PMID: 34915176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease lacking effective treatments. Dexamethasone (Dex) is often used to relieve joint pain. However, the adverse effects of Dex on cartilage can't be ignored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Dex on articular cartilage and its mechanism by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that intra-articular injection with Dex damaged the matrix synthesis of cartilage. In vitro, Dex induced human chondrocytes mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, while down-regulated or unchanged key glycolysis genes, but increased lactic acid (LA) concentration. It was showed that high concentrations of LA induced chondrocytes apoptosis. Mechanistically, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) was inhibited by Dex and had a significant negative correlation with ROS level. Further results showed that the trimethyl-histone H3-K4 (H3K4me3) level of MCT4 was reduced by Dex, and the ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) alleviated the Dex-induced obstruction of matrix synthesis and high level of ROS by up-regulating the H3K4me3 level of MCT4 and its expression. In conclusion, Dex exhibited harm to cartilage, shown as mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS. The latter further caused LA accumulation in chondrocytes via decreasing the H3K4me3 level of MCT4 and its expression, which may account for the long-term side effects of Dex on chondrocytes. And α-KG may be used as an auxiliary drug to weaken the toxic effect of Dex on cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Li
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1241-1250. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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60
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Nisar MF, Liu T, Wang M, Chen S, Chang L, Karisma VW, Weixu, Diao Q, Xue M, Tang X, Pourzand C, Yang J, Zhong JL. Eriodictyol protects skin cells from UVA irradiation-induced photodamage by inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112350. [PMID: 34785489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solar UVA irradiation-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), leading to photoaging, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we found that eriodictyol remarkably reduces UVA-mediated ROS generation and protects the skin cells from oxidative damage and the ensuing cell death. Moreover eriodictyol pretreatment significantly down-regulates the UVA-induced MMP-1 expression, and lowers the inflammatory responses within the skin cells. Pretreatment with eriodictyol upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitory metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and collagen-I (COL-1) at the transcriptional level in a dose-dependent manner. UVA-induced phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 leading to increased MMP-1 expression are significantly reduced in eriodictyol-treated skin cells. In addition, eriodictyol pretreatment significantly suppresses inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of MAPK signaling cascades in skin cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that eriodictyol has both potent anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shida Chen
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Li Chang
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Vega Widya Karisma
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Weixu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Qingchun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Xueyong Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation &Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Yang
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Temporary Upregulation of Nrf2 by Naringenin Alleviates Oxidative Damage in the Retina and ARPE-19 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4053276. [PMID: 34840667 PMCID: PMC8612781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4053276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) is a chronic degenerative ophthalmopathy that leads to serious burden of visual impairment. Antioxidation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is considered as a potential treatment for dAMD. Our previous studies have showed that naringenin (NAR) protects RPE cells from oxidative damage partly through SIRT1-mediated antioxidation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the Nrf2 signaling is another protective mechanism of NAR on dAMD. NaIO3-induced mouse retinopathy and ARPE-19 cell injury models were established. Immunochemical staining, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were performed to detect the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. In addition, ML385 (activity inhibitor of Nrf2) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, activity inhibitor of HO-1) were applied to explore the effect of NaIO3 or NAR. The results showed that NAR increased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the retinas in mice exposed to NaIO3 at the early stage. NAR treatment also resulted in a stronger activation of Nrf2 at the early stage in NaIO3-treated ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP weakened the cytoprotective effect of NAR. The constitutive accumulation and activation of Nrf2 induced by NaIO3 led to the death of RPE cells. However, NAR decreased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 towards normal level in the mouse retinas and ARPE-19 cells exposed to NaIO3 at the late stage. Our findings indicate that NAR protects RPE cells from oxidative damage via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Chen Z, Song J, Wang W, Bai J, Zhang Y, Shi J, Bai J, Zhou Y. A novel 4-mRNA signature predicts the overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1385-1395. [PMID: 34339537 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer of myeloid cells with high levels of heterogeneity and great variability in prognostic behaviors. Cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations have been widely used in the prognostic stratification of AML to assign patients into different risk categories. Nevertheless, nearly half of AML patients assigned to intermediate risk need more precise prognostic schemes. Here, 336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML and control samples and 206 genes representing the intratumor heterogeneity of AML were identified. By applying a LASSO Cox regression model, we generated a 4-mRNA prognostic signature comprising KLF9, ENPP4, TUBA4A and CD247. Higher risk scores were significantly associated with shorter overall survival, complex karyotype, and adverse mutations. We then validated the prognostic value of this 4-mRNA signature in two independent cohorts. We also proved that incorporation of the 4-mRNA-based signature in the 2017 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk classification could enhance the predictive accuracy of survival in patients with AML. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that this signature was independent of traditional prognostic factors such as age, WBC count, and unfavorable cytogenetics. Finally, the molecular mechanisms underlying disparate outcomes in high-risk and low-risk AML patients were explored. Therefore, our findings suggest that the 4-mRNA signature refines the risk stratification and prognostic prediction of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Junzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Jiaojiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
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Parga JA, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Garcia-Garrote M, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Labandeira-Garcia JL. NRF2 Activation and Downstream Effects: Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Brain Angiotensin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111649. [PMID: 34829520 PMCID: PMC8614768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signalling molecules used to regulate cellular metabolism and homeostasis. However, excessive ROS production causes oxidative stress, one of the main mechanisms associated with the origin and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. NRF2 (Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2 Like 2) is a transcription factor that orchestrates the cellular response to oxidative stress. The regulation of NRF2 signalling has been shown to be a promising strategy to modulate the progression of the neurodegeneration associated to Parkinson's disease. The NRF2 pathway has been shown to be affected in patients with this disease, and activation of NRF2 has neuroprotective effects in preclinical models, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this pathway. In this review, we highlight recent advances regarding the regulation of NRF2, including the effect of Angiotensin II as an endogenous signalling molecule able to regulate ROS production and oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons. The genes regulated and the downstream effects of activation, with special focus on Kruppel Like Factor 9 (KLF9) transcription factor, provide clues about the mechanisms involved in the neurodegenerative process as well as future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Parga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
| | - Ana I. Rodriguez-Perez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Garrote
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose L. Labandeira-Garcia
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.R.-P.); (M.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, CIMUS, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/ San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
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64
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Gans IM, Grendler J, Babich R, Jayasundara N, Coffman JA. Glucocorticoid-Responsive Transcription Factor Krüppel-Like Factor 9 Regulates fkbp5 and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727037. [PMID: 34692682 PMCID: PMC8526736 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is a feedforward regulator of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Here we show that in zebrafish klf9 is expressed with GR-dependent oscillatory dynamics in synchrony with fkbp5, a GR target that encodes a negative feedback regulator of GR signaling. We found that fkbp5 transcript levels are elevated in klf9 -/- mutants and that Klf9 associates with chromatin at the fkbp5 promoter, which becomes hyperacetylated in klf9 -/ - mutants, suggesting that the GR regulates fkbp5 via an incoherent feedforward loop with klf9. As both the GR and Fkbp5 are known to regulate metabolism, we asked how loss of Klf9 affects metabolic rate and gene expression. We found that klf9 -/- mutants have a decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and upregulate glycolytic genes, the promoter regions of which are enriched for potential Klf9 binding motifs. Our results suggest that Klf9 functions downstream of the GR to regulate cellular glucocorticoid responsivity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | | | - Remy Babich
- The School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - James A. Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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65
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Pan R, Chen Y. Management of Oxidative Stress: Crosstalk Between Brown/Beige Adipose Tissues and Skeletal Muscles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712372. [PMID: 34603076 PMCID: PMC8481590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise plays an important role in the physiology, often depending on its intensity, duration, and frequency. It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, it also increases antioxidant enzymes involved in the oxidative damage defense. Prolonged, acute, or strenuous exercise often leads to an increased radical production and a subsequent oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles, while chronic regular or moderate exercise results in a decrease in oxidative stress. Notably, under pathological state, such as obesity, aging, etc., ROS levels could be elevated in humans, which could be attenuated by proper exercise. Significantly, exercise stimulates the development of beige adipose tissue and potentially influence the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is known to be conducive to a metabolic balance through non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and may protect from oxidative stress. Exercise-related balance of the ROS levels is associated with a healthy metabolism in humans. In this review, we summarize the integrated effects of exercise on oxidative metabolism, and especially focus on the role of brown and beige adipose tissues in this process, providing more evidence and knowledge for a better management of exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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66
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Chang M, Xu G, Xiong C, Yang X, Yan S, Tao Y, Li H, Li Y, Yao S, Zhao Y. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by improving mitochondrial function via AMPK/PGC1α pathway activation in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:121-132. [PMID: 34252510 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is characterized by pulmonary interstitial fibrosis that arises as a result of chronic exposure to silica. The few available treatments only delay its progression. As α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been shown to have various beneficial effects, including mitoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that it may exhibit therapeutic effects in pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, in the present study, we used a murine model of silicosis to investigate whether supplementation with exogenous ALA could attenuate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by improving mitochondrial function. ALA was administered to the model mice via continuous intragastric administration for 28 days, and then the antioxidant and mitoprotective effects of ALA were evaluated. The results showed that ALA decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, protected mitochondria from silica-induced dysfunction, and inhibited extracellular matrix deposition. ALA also decreased hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Activation of the mitochondrial AMPK/PGC1α pathway might be responsible for these ALA-mediated anti-fibrotic effects. Exogenous ALA blocked oxidative stress by activating NRF2. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that exogenous ALA effectively prevents the progression of silicosis in a murine model, likely by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and endogenous antioxidant responses. Therefore, ALA can potentially delay the progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Chang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Guangcui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Xuesi Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Sensen Yan
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Yingjun Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Yuchun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, PR China.
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67
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Jenkins T, Gouge J. Nrf2 in Cancer, Detoxifying Enzymes and Cell Death Programs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1030. [PMID: 34202320 PMCID: PMC8300779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. They are also by-products of aerobic living conditions. Their inherent reactivity poses a threat for all cellular components. Cells have, therefore, evolved complex pathways to sense and maintain the redox balance. Among them, Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a crucial role: it is activated under oxidative conditions and is responsible for the expression of the detoxification machinery and antiapoptotic factors. It is, however, a double edge sword: whilst it prevents tumorigenesis in healthy cells, its constitutive activation in cancer promotes tumour growth and metastasis. In addition, recent data have highlighted the importance of Nrf2 in evading programmed cell death. In this review, we will focus on the activation of the Nrf2 pathway in the cytoplasm, the molecular basis underlying Nrf2 binding to the DNA, and the dysregulation of this pathway in cancer, before discussing how Nrf2 contributes to the prevention of apoptosis and ferroptosis in cancer and how it is likely to be linked to detoxifying enzymes containing selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Jenkins
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Jerome Gouge
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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68
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G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17 inhibits glioma development by increasing polycomb repressive complex 1-mediated ROS production. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:610. [PMID: 34120140 PMCID: PMC8197764 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. However, the development of glioma and effective therapeutic strategies remain elusive. Here, we identify GPR17 as a potential target to treat glioma. Data mining with human LGG and GBM samples reveals that GPR17 is negatively correlated with glioma development. Overexpressing GPR17 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by raising ROS levels. GPR17-overexpressing glioma cells are less tumorigenic in the brain than in control cells. Mechanistically, GPR17 inhibits the transcription of RNF2, a key component in the PRC1 complex, through cAMP/PKA/NF-κB signaling, leading to reduced histone H2A monoubiquitination. ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses reveal KLF9 as a direct target of RNF2. KLF9 mediates the functions of GPR17 and RNF2 in glioma cells. Furthermore, activation of GPR17 by its agonist inhibits glioma formation. Our findings have thus identified GPR17 as a key regulator of glioma development and a potential therapeutic target for gliomas.
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69
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Taqi MO, Saeed-Zidane M, Gebremedhn S, Salilew-Wondim D, Tholen E, Neuhoff C, Hoelker M, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. NRF2-mediated signaling is a master regulator of transcription factors in bovine granulosa cells under oxidative stress condition. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:769-783. [PMID: 34008050 PMCID: PMC8526460 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are known to be involved in regulating the expression of several classes of genes during folliculogenesis. However, the regulatory role of TFs during oxidative stress (OS) is not fully understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the regulation of the TFs in bovine granulosa cells (bGCs) during exposure to OS induced by H2O2 in vitro. For this, bGCs derived from ovarian follicles were cultured in vitro till their confluency and then treated with H2O2 for 40 min. Twenty-four hours later, cells were subjected to various phenotypic and gene expression analyses for genes related to TFs, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation markers. The bGCs exhibited higher reactive oxygen species accumulation, DNA fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanied by reduction of mitochondrial activity after exposure to OS. In addition, higher lipid accumulation and lower cell proliferation were noticed in H2O2-challenged cells. The mRNA level of TFs including NRF2, E2F1, KLF6, KLF9, FOS, SREBF1, SREBF2, and NOTCH1 was increased in H2O2-treated cells compared with non-treated controls. However, the expression level of KLF4 and its downstream gene, CCNB1, were downregulated in the H2O2-challenged group. Moreover, targeted inhibition of NRF2 using small interference RNA resulted in reduced expression of KLF9, FOS, SREBF2, and NOTCH1 genes, while the expression of KLF4 was upregulated. Taken together, bovine granulosa cells exposed to OS exhibited differential expression of various transcription factors, which are mediated by the NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omar Taqi
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Saeed-Zidane
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, University of Bonn, Koenigswinter, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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70
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism to Induce Myeloma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102411. [PMID: 34067602 PMCID: PMC8156203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological disease characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Over the past two decades, new therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the treatment outcome and patients survival. Nevertheless, most MM patients relapse underlying the need of new therapeutic approaches. Plasma cells are prone to produce large amounts of immunoglobulins causing the production of intracellular ROS. Although adapted to high level of ROS, MM cells die when exposed to drugs increasing ROS production either directly or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of ROS-generating drugs for inducing MM cell death and counteracting acquired drug resistance specifically toward proteasome inhibitors.
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71
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Cristofano M D, A F, Giacomo M D, C F, F B, D L, Rotondi Aufiero V, F M, E C, G M, V Z, M R, P B. Mechanisms underlying the hormetic effect of conjugated linoleic acid: Focus on Nrf2, mitochondria and NADPH oxidases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:276-286. [PMID: 33753237 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor. Its activation by low dietary intake of ligands leads to antioxidant effects (eustress), while pro-oxidant effects (oxidative distress) may be associated with high doses. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the main sources of intracellular ROS, but their involvement in the biphasic/hormetic activity elicited by Nrf2 ligands is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NOX expression and mitochondrial function in the hormetic properties of omega-3 typically present in fish oil (FO) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the mouse liver. Four-week administration of FO, at both low and high doses (L-FO and H-FO) improves Nrf2-activated cyto-protection (by phase 2 enzymes), while a significant increase in respiration efficiency occurs in the liver mitochondria of H-FO BALB/c mice. Eustress conditions elicited by low dose CLA (L-CLA) are associated with increased activity of phase 2 enzymes, and with higher NOX1-2, mitochondrial defences, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression, compared with controls. Steatogenic effects (lipid accumulation and alteration of lipid metabolism) elicited by high CLA (H-CLA) elicited that are associated with oxidative distress, increased mitochondrial complex I/III activity and reduced levels of phase 2 enzymes, in comparison with L-CLA-treated mice. Our results confirm the steatogenic activity of H-CLA and first demonstrate the role of NOX1 and NOX2 in the eustress conditions elicited by L-CLA. Notably, the negative association of the Nrf2/PGC-1α axis with the different CLA doses provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying the hormetic effect triggered by this Nrf2 ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cristofano M
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ferramosca A
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Di Giacomo M
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fusco C
- Institute of Biosciences and Bio-Resources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Boscaino F
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luongo D
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Maurano F
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Cocca E
- Institute of Biosciences and Bio-Resources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Mazzarella G
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Zara V
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rossi M
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Bergamo P
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), 83100, Avellino, Italy.
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72
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Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition characterized by excess accumulation of reducing equivalents (e.g., NADH, NADPH, GSH), surpassing the activity of endogenous oxidoreductases. Excessive reducing equivalents can perturb cell signaling pathways, change the formation of disulfide bonding in proteins, disturb mitochondrial homeostasis or decrease metabolism. Reductive stress is influenced by cellular antioxidant load, its flux and a subverted homeostasis that paradoxically can result in excess ROS induction. Balanced reducing equivalents and antioxidant enzymes that contribute to reductive stress can be regulated by Nrf2, typically considered as an oxidative stress induced transcription factor. Cancer cells may coordinate distinct pools of redox couples under reductive stress and these may link to biological consequences from both molecular and translational standpoints. In cancer, there is recent interest in understanding how selective induction of reductive stress may influence therapeutic management and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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73
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Noble EE, Olson CA, Davis E, Tsan L, Chen YW, Schade R, Liu C, Suarez A, Jones RB, de La Serre C, Yang X, Hsiao EY, Kanoski SE. Gut microbial taxa elevated by dietary sugar disrupt memory function. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:194. [PMID: 33790226 PMCID: PMC8012713 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights a critical relationship between gut microbiota and neurocognitive development. Excessive consumption of sugar and other unhealthy dietary factors during early life developmental periods yields changes in the gut microbiome as well as neurocognitive impairments. However, it is unclear whether these two outcomes are functionally connected. Here we explore whether excessive early life consumption of added sugars negatively impacts memory function via the gut microbiome. Rats were given free access to a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) during the adolescent stage of development. Memory function and anxiety-like behavior were assessed during adulthood and gut bacterial and brain transcriptome analyses were conducted. Taxa-specific microbial enrichment experiments examined the functional relationship between sugar-induced microbiome changes and neurocognitive and brain transcriptome outcomes. Chronic early life sugar consumption impaired adult hippocampal-dependent memory function without affecting body weight or anxiety-like behavior. Adolescent SSB consumption during adolescence also altered the gut microbiome, including elevated abundance of two species in the genus Parabacteroides (P. distasonis and P. johnsonii) that were negatively correlated with hippocampal function. Transferred enrichment of these specific bacterial taxa in adolescent rats impaired hippocampal-dependent memory during adulthood. Hippocampus transcriptome analyses revealed that early life sugar consumption altered gene expression in intracellular kinase and synaptic neurotransmitter signaling pathways, whereas Parabacteroides microbial enrichment altered gene expression in pathways associated with metabolic function, neurodegenerative disease, and dopaminergic signaling. Collectively these results identify a role for microbiota "dysbiosis" in mediating the detrimental effects of early life unhealthy dietary factors on hippocampal-dependent memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Noble
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XUniversity of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Christine A. Olson
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Davis
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ruth Schade
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XUniversity of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Clarissa Liu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Andrea Suarez
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Roshonda B. Jones
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Xia Yang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Fucoxanthin Prevents 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Keap1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6688708. [PMID: 33777321 PMCID: PMC7972864 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6688708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant marine carotenoid extracted from seaweeds, fucoxanthin (FUC) is considered to have excellent neuroprotective activity. However, the target of FUC for its neuroprotective properties remains largely unclear. Oxidative stress is one of the initiating factors causing neuronal cell loss and necrosis, and it is also an important inducement of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of FUC was assessed using a 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced neurotoxicity model. FUC suppressed 6-OHDA-induced accumulation of intracellular ROS, the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell apoptosis through the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Keap1 as a repressor of Nrf2 can regulate the activity of Nrf2. Here, the biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay demonstrated that FUC specifically targeted Keap1 and inhibited the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. FUC bound to the hydrophobic region of Keap1 pocket and formed hydrogen bonding interactions with Arg415 and Tyr525. Besides, it also dose-dependently upregulated the expressions of antioxidant enzymes, such as nicotinamide heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, in 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cells. In 6-OHDA-exposed zebrafish, FUC pretreatment significantly increased the total swimming distance of zebrafish larvae and improved the granular region of the brain tissue damage. These results suggested that FUC could protect the neuronal cells against 6-OHDA-induced injury via targeting Keap1.
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Jia XB, Zhang Q, Xu L, Yao WJ, Wei L. Lotus leaf flavonoids induce apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Biol Res 2021; 54:7. [PMID: 33653412 PMCID: PMC7923640 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Leaves of the natural plant lotus are used in traditional Chinese medicine and tea production. They are rich in flavonoids. Methods In this study, lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) were applied to human lung cancer A549 cells and human small cell lung cancer cells H446 in vitro to verify the effect of LLF on apoptosis in these cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Results LLF had no toxic effect on normal cells at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL, but could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and H446 cells. Flow cytometry showed that LLF could induce growth in A549 cells. We also found that LLF could increase ROS and MDA levels, and decrease SOD activity in A549 cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that LLF could upregulate the expression of p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and Bax and downregulate the expression of Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and Bcl-2 in A549 cells. Results of HPLC showed that LLF mainly contain five active substances: kaempferitrin, hyperoside, astragalin, phloridzin, and quercetin. The apoptosis-inducing effect of LLF on A549 cells came from these naturally active compounds. Conclusions We have shown in this study that LLF is a bioactive substance that can induce apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro, and merits further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bo Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Jian Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Li H, Weng Y, Lai L, Lei H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Li L. KLF9 regulates PRDX6 expression in hyperglycemia-aggravated bupivacaine neurotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2125-2134. [PMID: 33547545 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxicity induced by local anesthetics (LAs) is potentially life threatening, especially for patients with underlying diseases like diabetes. The anesthetic bupivacaine (Bup) has been reported to induce neurotoxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is aggravated by hyperglycemia. Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), an axon growth-suppressing transcription factor, plays a key role in neuronal maturation and promotes oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate whether and how KLF9 regulates ROS levels related to LA neurotoxicity under hyperglycemic conditions. METHODS Klf9/GFP ShRNA (LV Sh-Klf9) was used to achieve stable Klf9 knockdown in the SH-SY5Y cell line. KLF9-deficient and normal cells were cultured under normal or high-glucose (HG) culture conditions and then exposed to Bup. Cell viability, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were detected to examine the role of KLF9. Thereafter, KLF9-deficient and normal cells were pretreated with small-interfering RNA targeting peroxiredoxin 6 (siRNA-Prdx6) to determine if PRDX6 was the target protein in HG-aggravated Bup neurotoxicity. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of KLF9 were increased after Bup and hyperglycemia treatment. In addition, cell survival and mitochondrial function were significantly improved, and ROS production was decreased after Sh-Klf9 treatment compared with Sh-Ctrl. Furthermore, the expression of PRDX6 was suppressed by Bup in hyperglycemic cultures and was upregulated in the Sh-Klf9 group. Moreover, the protection provided by KLF9 deficiency for cell survival, the increase in ROS production in cells and mitochondria, and the disruption of mitochondrial function were abolished by Prdx6 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that hyperglycemia aggravated Bup neurotoxicity by upregulating KLF9 expression, which repressed the antioxidant PRDX6 and led to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS burst, and cell death. Understanding this mechanism may, thus, offer valuable insights for the prevention and treatment of neurotoxicity induced by LAs, especially in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqian Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Luying Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University, Nanfang hospital, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Le Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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Elgohary S, Elkhodiry AA, Amin NS, Stein U, El Tayebi HM. Thymoquinone: A Tie-Breaker in SARS-CoV2-Infected Cancer Patients? Cells 2021; 10:302. [PMID: 33540625 PMCID: PMC7912962 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) pandemic, arace to develop a vaccine has been initiated, considering the massive and rather significant economic and healthcare hits that this virus has caused. The pathophysiology occurring following COVID-19(coronavirus disease-2019) infection has givenhints regarding the supportive and symptomatic treatments to establish for patients, as no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 is available yet. Patient symptoms vary greatly and range from mild symptoms to severe fatal complications. Supportive treatments include antipyretics, antiviral therapies, different combinations of broad-spectrum antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine and plasma transfusion. Unfortunately, cancer patients are at higher risk of viral infection and more likely to develop serious complications due to their immunocompromised state, the fact that they are already administering multiple medications, as well as combined comorbidity compared to the general population. It may seem impossible to find a drug that possesses both potent antiviral and anticancer effects specifically against COVID-19 infection and its complications and the existing malignancy, respectively. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the most pharmacologically active ingredient in Nigella sativa seeds (black seeds); it is reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various settings. In this review, we will discuss the multiple effects of TQ specifically against COVID-19, its beneficial effects against COVID-19 pathophysiology and multiple-organ complications, its use as an adjuvant for supportive COVID-19 therapy and cancer therapy, and finally, its anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Elgohary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Aya A. Elkhodiry
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Nada S. Amin
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
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Zang H, Wu W, Qi L, Tan W, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Wang X, Cui T. Autophagy Inhibition Enables Nrf2 to Exaggerate the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:2720-2734. [PMID: 32948607 PMCID: PMC7679777 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) may either ameliorate or worsen diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein we report a novel mechanism of Nrf2-mediated myocardial damage in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Global Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) hardly affected the onset of cardiac dysfunction induced by T1D but slowed down its progression in mice independent of sex. In addition, Nrf2KO inhibited cardiac pathological remodeling, apoptosis, and oxidative stress associated with both onset and advancement of cardiac dysfunction in T1D. Such Nrf2-mediated progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy was confirmed by a cardiomyocyte-restricted (CR) Nrf2 transgenic approach in mice. Moreover, cardiac autophagy inhibition via CR knockout of autophagy-related 5 gene (CR-Atg5KO) led to early onset and accelerated development of cardiomyopathy in T1D, and CR-Atg5KO-induced adverse phenotypes were rescued by additional Nrf2KO. Mechanistically, chronic T1D leads to glucolipotoxicity inhibiting autolysosome efflux, which in turn intensifies Nrf2-driven transcription to fuel lipid peroxidation while inactivating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and impairing Nrf2-coordinated iron metabolism, thereby leading to ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that diabetes over time causes autophagy deficiency, which turns off Nrf2-mediated defense while switching on an Nrf2-operated pathological program toward ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, thereby worsening the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Zang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Fan H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yao Q, Song Y, Shen Q, Lin J, Gao Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu P, Zhao J, Cui Q, Li JZ, Chang Y. Cold-Inducible Klf9 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat. Diabetes 2020; 69:2603-2618. [PMID: 32994275 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Promoting development and function of brown and beige fat may represent an attractive treatment of obesity. In the current study, we show that fat Klf9 expression is markedly induced by cold exposure and a β-adrenergic agonist. Moreover, Klf9 expression levels in human white adipose tissue (WAT) are inversely correlated with adiposity, and Klf9 overexpression in primary fat cells stimulates cellular thermogenesis, which is Ucp1 dependent. Fat-specific Klf9 transgenic mice gain less weight and have smaller fat pads due to increased thermogenesis of brown and beige fat. Moreover, Klf9 transgenic mice displayed lower fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity under the high-fat diet condition. Conversely, Klf9 mutation in brown adipocytes reduces the expression of thermogenic genes, causing a reduction in cellular respiration. Klf9-mutant mice exhibited obesity and cold sensitivity due to impairments in the thermogenic function of fat. Finally, fat Klf9 deletion inhibits the β3 agonist-mediated induction of WAT browning and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Mechanistically, cold-inducible Klf9 stimulates expression of Pgc1α, a master regulator of fat thermogenesis, by a direct binding to its gene promoter region, subsequently promoting energy expenditure. The current study reveals a critical role for KLF9 in mediating thermogenesis of brown and beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Fan
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinliang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Fernández-Ortiz M, Sayed RKA, Fernández-Martínez J, Cionfrini A, Aranda-Martínez P, Escames G, de Haro T, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Melatonin/Nrf2/NLRP3 Connection in Mouse Heart Mitochondria during Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121187. [PMID: 33260800 PMCID: PMC7760557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Age-related disorders include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and exacerbation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 innate immune response pathways. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, however, remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in cardiac aging and melatonin is able to counteract its effects. With the aim of investigating the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome and the actions and target of melatonin in aged myocardium, we analyzed the expression of proteins implied in mitochondria dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and mitochondria ultrastructure in heart of wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice of 3, 12, and 24 months-old, with and without melatonin treatment. Our results showed that the absence of NLRP3 prevented age-related mitochondrial dynamic alterations in cardiac muscle with minimal effects in cardiac autophagy during aging. The deficiency of the inflammasome affected Bax/Bcl2 ratio, but not p53 or caspase 9. The Nrf2-antioxidant pathway was also unaffected by the absence of NLRP3. Furthermore, NLRP3-deficiency prevented the drop in autophagy and mice showed less mitochondrial damage than wild-type animals. Interestingly, melatonin treatment recovered mitochondrial dynamics altered by aging and had few effects on cardiac autophagy. Melatonin supplementation also had an anti-apoptotic action in addition to restoring Nrf2-antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondria ultrastructure altered by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Antonia Cionfrini
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- CIBERfes, Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás de Haro
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-O.); (R.K.A.S.); (J.F.-M.); (A.C.); (P.A.-M.); (G.E.)
- CIBERfes, Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-000 (ext. 20169)
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Pemmari A, Leppänen T, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen T, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. Widespread regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids in chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis as determined by RNA-Seq. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:271. [PMID: 33203447 PMCID: PMC7670667 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-articular glucocorticoid (GC) injections are widely used as a symptomatic treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). However, there are also concerns about their potentially harmful effects, and their detailed effects on chondrocyte phenotype remain poorly understood. Methods We studied the effects of dexamethasone on gene expression in OA chondrocytes with RNA-Seq. Chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage from OA patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and cultured with or without dexamethasone for 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and sequenced, and functional analysis was performed against the Gene Ontology (GO) database. Results for selected genes were confirmed with RT-PCR. We also investigated genes linked to OA in recent genome-wide expression analysis (GWEA) studies. Results Dexamethasone increased the expression of 480 and reduced that of 755 genes with a fold change (FC) 2.0 or greater. Several genes associated with inflammation and cartilage anabolism/catabolism as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were among the most strongly affected genes. In the GO analysis, genes involved in the extracellular matrix organization, cell proliferation and adhesion, inflammation, and collagen synthesis were enriched among the significantly affected genes. In network analysis, NGF, PI3KR1, and VCAM1 were identified as central genes among those most strongly affected by dexamethasone. Conclusions This is the first study investigating the genome-wide effects of GCs on the gene expression in OA chondrocytes. In addition to clear anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects, GCs affect lipid and glucose metabolism in chondrocytes, an observation that might be particularly important in the metabolic phenotype of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Martinovich GG, Martinovich IV, Vcherashniaya AV, Zenkov NK, Menshchikova EB, Cherenkevich SN. Chemosensitization of Tumor Cells by Phenolic Antioxidants: The Role of the Nrf2 Transcription Factor. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092006010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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83
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Arslanbaeva LR, Santoro MM. Adaptive redox homeostasis in cutaneous melanoma. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101753. [PMID: 33091721 PMCID: PMC7578258 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Although cutaneous melanoma accounts for a minority of all types of skin cancer, it causes the greatest number of skin cancer related deaths worldwide. Oxidative stress and redox homeostasis have been shown to be involved at each stage of a malignant melanocyte transformation, called melanomagenesis, as well as during drug resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important and diverse role that regulate many aspects of skin cell behaviors ranging from proliferation and stemness, to oxidative damage and cell death. On the other hand, antioxidants are associated with melanoma spread and metastasis. Overall, the contribution of redox homeostasis to melanoma development and progression is controversial and highly complex. The aim of this study is to examine the association between redox homeostasis and the melanomagenic process. To this purpose we are presenting what is currently known about the role of ROS in melanoma initiation and progression. In addition, we are discussing the role of antioxidant mechanisms during the spread of the disease and in cases of melanoma drug resistance. Although challenging, targeting redox homeostasis in melanoma progression remains to be a promising therapeutic approach, especially valid during melanoma drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129, Padua, Italy.
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84
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Yuan H, Xu Y, Luo Y, Wang NX, Xiao JH. Role of Nrf2 in cell senescence regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:247-259. [PMID: 32918185 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor known to be involved in maintaining cell redox balance and signal transduction and plays central role in reducing intracellular oxidative stress damage, delaying cell senescence and preventing age-related diseases. However, it has been shown that the level of Nrf2 decreases with age and that the silencing of the Nrf2 gene is associated with the induction of premature senescence. Therefore, a plethora of researchers have focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the prevention of cell senescence. This complex regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process involves coordinated regulation of multiple signaling molecules. After summarizing the function of Nrf2 and its relationship with cell senescence pathway, this review focuses on the recent advances and progress made in elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process. Additionally, the information collected here may provide insights for further research on Nrf2, in particular, on its regulatory mechanism in the cell senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yuan
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo-Xin Wang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China. .,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China. .,Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.
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85
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Bellezza I, Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. Reductive stress in striated muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3547-3565. [PMID: 32072237 PMCID: PMC11105111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition of sustained increase in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Reductive stress is emerging as an important pathophysiological event in several diseased states, being as detrimental as is oxidative stress. Occurrence of reductive stress has been documented in several cardiomyopathies and is an important pathophysiological factor particularly in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Excess activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2-the master regulator of the antioxidant response-, consequent in most cases to defective autophagy, can lead to reductive stress. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced activation of the polyol pathway can lead to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, which might translate into increased levels of hydrogen sulfide-via enhanced activity of cystathionine β-synthase-that would fuel reductive stress through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Reductive stress may be either a potential weapon against cancer priming tumor cells to apoptosis or a cancer's ally promoting tumor cell proliferation and making tumor cells resistant to reactive oxygen species-inducing drugs. In non-cancer pathological states reductive stress is definitely harmful paradoxically leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction via excess NADPH oxidase 4 activity. In face of the documented occurrence of reductive stress in several heart diseases, there is much less information about the occurrence and effects of reductive stress in skeletal muscle tissue. In the present review we describe relevant results emerged from studies of reductive stress in the heart and review skeletal muscle conditions in which reductive stress has been experimentally documented and those in which reductive stress might have an as yet unrecognized pathophysiological role. Establishing whether reductive stress has a (patho)physiological role in skeletal muscle will hopefully contribute to answer the question whether antioxidant supplementation to the general population, athletes, and a large cohort of patients (e.g. heart, sarcopenic, dystrophic, myopathic, cancer, and bronco-pulmonary patients) is harmless or detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario Di Ricerca Sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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86
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Role of nitric oxide in the response to photooxidative stress in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114205. [PMID: 32828802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A continuous state of oxidative stress during inflammation contributes to the development of 25% of human cancers. Epithelial and inflammatory cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can damage DNA. ROS/RNS have biological implications in both chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. As several clinically employed anticancer drugs can generate ROS/RNS, we have addressed herein how inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (iNOS/•NO) affect the molecular pathways implicated in the tumor response to oxidative stress. To mimic the oxidative stress associated with chemotherapy, we used a photosensitizer (pheophorbide a) that can generate ROS/RNS in a controlled manner. We investigated how iNOS/•NO modulates the tumor response to oxidative stress by involving the NF-κB and Nrf2 molecular pathways. We found that low levels of iNOS induce the development of a more aggressive tumor population, leading to survival, recurrence and resistance. By contrast, high levels of iNOS/•NO sensitize tumor cells to oxidative treatment, causing cell growth arrest. Our analysis showed that NF-κB and Nrf2, which are activated in response to oxidative stress, communicate with each other through RKIP. For this critical role, RKIP could be an interesting target for anticancer drugs. Our study provides insight into the complex signaling response of cancer cells to oxidative treatments as well as new possibilities for the rational design of new therapeutic strategies.
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87
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Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 DOI: 10.1016/jxcell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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88
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Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 PMCID: PMC7439808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1129] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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89
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh DP. Clock Protein Bmal1 and Nrf2 Cooperatively Control Aging or Oxidative Response and Redox Homeostasis by Regulating Rhythmic Expression of Prdx6. Cells 2020; 9:E1861. [PMID: 32784474 PMCID: PMC7463585 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many disorders of aging, including blinding-diseases, are associated with deficiency of brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and, thereby, dysregulation of antioxidant-defense pathway. However, knowledge is limited regarding the role of Bmal1 regulation of antioxidant-pathway in the eye lens/lens epithelial cells (LECs) at the molecular level. We found that, in aging human (h)LECs, a progressive decline of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ARE (antioxidant response element)-mediated antioxidant genes was connected to Bmal1-deficiency, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell-death. Bmal1-depletion disrupted Nrf2 and expression of its target antioxidant genes, like Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6). DNA binding and transcription assays showed that Bmal1 controlled expression by direct binding to E-Box in Prdx6 promoter to regulate its transcription. Mutation at E-Box or ARE reduced promoter activity, while disruption of both sites diminished the activity, suggesting that both sites were required for peak Prdx6-transcription. As in aging hLECs, ROS accumulation was increased in Bmal1-deficient cells and the cells were vulnerable to death. Intriguingly, Bmal1/Nrf2/Prdx6 and PhaseII antioxidants showed rhythmic expression in mouse lenses in vivo and were reciprocally linked to ROS levels. We propose that Bmal1 is pivotal for regulating oxidative responses. Findings also reveal a circadian control of antioxidant-pathway, which is important in combating lens/LECs damage induced by aging or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan;
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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90
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Guan D, Xiong Y, Trinh TM, Xiao Y, Hu W, Jiang C, Dierickx P, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD, Lazar MA. The hepatocyte clock and feeding control chronophysiology of multiple liver cell types. Science 2020; 369:1388-1394. [PMID: 32732282 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most cells of the body contain molecular clocks, but the requirement of peripheral clocks for rhythmicity and their effects on physiology are not well understood. We show that deletion of core clock components REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ in adult mouse hepatocytes disrupts diurnal rhythms of a subset of liver genes and alters the diurnal rhythm of de novo lipogenesis. Liver function is also influenced by nonhepatocytic cells, and the loss of hepatocyte REV-ERBs remodels the rhythmic transcriptomes and metabolomes of multiple cell types within the liver. Finally, alteration of food availability demonstrates the hierarchy of the cell-intrinsic hepatocyte clock mechanism and the feeding environment. Together, these studies reveal previously unsuspected roles of the hepatocyte clock in the physiological coordination of nutritional signals and cell-cell communication controlling rhythmic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Trang Minh Trinh
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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91
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Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Flavonoids Activation of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Hypothesis Approach for the Prevention and Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E659. [PMID: 32722164 PMCID: PMC7463602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway is the principal regulator of antioxidant and phase II detoxification genes. Its activation increases the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective proteins, protecting cells against infections. Nrf2 modulates virus-induced oxidative stress, ROS generation, and disease pathogenesis, which are vital in the viral life cycle. During respiratory viral infections, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an inflammatory process, and oxidative stress of the epithelium lining cells activate the transcription factor Nrf2, which protects cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 reduces angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expression in respiratory epithelial cells. SARS-CoV2 has a high affinity for ACE2 that works as receptors for coronavirus surface spike glycoprotein, facilitating viral entry. Disease severity may also be modulated by pre-existing conditions, such as impaired immune response, obesity, and age, where decreased level of Nrf2 is a common feature. Consequently, Nrf2 activators may increase Nrf2 levels and enhance antiviral mediators' expression, which could initiate an "antiviral state", priming cells against viral infection. Therefore, this hypothesis paper describes the use of flavonoid supplements combined with vitamin D3 to activate Nrf2, which may be a potential target to prevent and/or decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection severity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing innate immunity, and downregulating ACE2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
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92
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Erukainure OL, Ijomone OM, Chukwuma CI, Xiao X, Salau VF, Islam MS. Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam modulates glucose metabolism, cholinergic activities and Nrf2 expression, while suppressing oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112744. [PMID: 32165174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dacryodes edulis L. is an evergreen tree indigenous to western and eastern Africa which is utilized for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Folklorically, different parts of the tree are used in treating and managing diabetes and its complications. AIMS The antidiabetic effect of the butanol fraction of D. edulis ethanol extract (BFDE) was studied in fructose-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS The ethanol extract was fractionated to yield the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. The in vitro antidiabetic activities of the fractions were determined by their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity. BDFE was the most active and showed no cytotoxic effect while stimulating glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, selected for in vivo study. Diabetic rats were grouped into 4. The negative control group was administered water only, another group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg bodyweight), while the other groups were administered BDFE at 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight respectively. Two other groups consisting of normal rats were given water and BFDE (300 mg/kg bodyweight) respectively, with the former serving as normal control. After 6 weeks of intervention, the rats were humanely sacrificed using appropriate anaesthesia. RESULTS Treatment with the fraction significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats, with concomitant increase in serum insulin secretion. It also caused significant (p < 0.05) elevation of reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, α-amylase, and ATPase activities, with concomitant depletion in myeloperoxidase activity, NO and MDA levels of the serum and pancreas. The pancreatic morphology and β-cell function were significantly improved in BFDE-treated rats, with restoration of the pancreatic capillary networks. Treatment with BFDE significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the activities of glycogen phosphorylase, fructose 1,6 biphosphatase, glucose 6 phosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase, while suppressing the expression of Nrf2. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, and (-)-epicatechin in the fraction. CONCLUSION These results portray the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of BFDE, which may be a synergistic consequence of the identified phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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93
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Pereira EJ, Burns JS, Lee CY, Marohl T, Calderon D, Wang L, Atkins KA, Wang CC, Janes KA. Sporadic activation of an oxidative stress-dependent NRF2-p53 signaling network in breast epithelial spheroids and premalignancies. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/627/eaba4200. [PMID: 32291314 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast and mammary epithelial cells experience different local environments during tissue development and tumorigenesis. Microenvironmental heterogeneity gives rise to distinct cell regulatory states whose identity and importance are just beginning to be appreciated. Cellular states diversify when clonal three-dimensional (3D) spheroids are cultured in basement membrane, and one such state is associated with stress tolerance and poor response to anticancer therapeutics. Here, we found that this state was jointly coordinated by the NRF2 and p53 pathways, which were costabilized by spontaneous oxidative stress within 3D cultures. Inhibition of NRF2 or p53 individually disrupted some of the transcripts defining the regulatory state but did not yield a notable phenotype in nontransformed breast epithelial cells. In contrast, combined perturbation prevented 3D growth in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. By integrating systems models of NRF2 and p53 signaling in a single oxidative stress network, we recapitulated these observations and made predictions about oxidative stress profiles during 3D growth. NRF2 and p53 signaling were similarly coordinated in normal breast epithelial tissue and hormone-negative ductal carcinoma in situ lesions but were uncoupled in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype in which p53 is usually mutated. Using the integrated model, we correlated the extent of this uncoupling in TNBC cell lines with the importance of NRF2 in the 3D growth of these cell lines and their predicted handling of oxidative stress. Our results point to an oxidative stress tolerance network that is important for single cells during glandular development and the early stages of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joseph S Burns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Taylor Marohl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Delia Calderon
- Biology and Chemistry Programs, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kristen A Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chun-Chao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Zheng Y, Lu H, Huang H. Desflurane Preconditioning Protects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats Through Regulating the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:1351-1362. [PMID: 32308368 PMCID: PMC7138619 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s223742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kidney is sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury because of its special structure and function. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of desflurane (DFE) preconditioning effecting on renal I/R injury in rats. METHODS Renal I/R injury rats model was constructed, and the expressions of serum renal function parameters (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr)) and lipid peroxidation-related factors were detected using corresponding commercial kits to assess the degrees of renal functional damage and oxidative stress. Hematoxylin--eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining were applied to measure the renal histologic damage. The expressions of inflammation-related factors were determined by ELISA assay. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL, Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC was also used to detect the number of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells. The expressions of proteins associated with the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway were assessed by Western blot and IHC. RESULTS DFE preconditioning inhibited I/R injury-induced BUN and SCr increase and renal histologic injury in rats. Also, DFE suppressed the inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress caused by renal I/R injury in vivo. In addition, DFE preconditioning repressed peroxide-related factors (MDA, MPO and NO) expressions and promoted antioxidant-related factors (GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT) expressions. In addition, DFE promoted Nrf2-Keap1-ARE-related proteins including Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, γ-GCS, GSR and GCLc expressions. CONCLUSION DFE preconditioning protected the kidney as well as inhibited the inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in renal I/R injury rats by activating the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen361000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen361000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiqiong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen361000, People’s Republic of China
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95
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Knoedler JR, Ávila-Mendoza J, Subramani A, Denver RJ. The Paralogous Krüppel-like Factors 9 and 13 Regulate the Mammalian Cellular Circadian Clock Output Gene Dbp. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:257-274. [PMID: 32241200 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420913205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An intricate transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) governs cellular circadian rhythms in mammals. Here, we report that the zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is regulated by this TTFL, it associates in chromatin at the core circadian clock and clock-output genes, and it acts to modulate transcription of the clock-output gene Dbp. Our earlier genome-wide analysis of the mouse hippocampus-derived cell line HT22 showed that KLF9 associates in chromatin with Per1, Per3, Dbp, Tef, Bhlhe40, Bhlhe41, Nr1d1, and Nr1d2. Of the 3514 KLF9 peaks identified in HT22 cells, 1028 contain E-box sequences to which the transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 may bind, a frequency significantly greater than expected by chance. Klf9 mRNA showed circadian oscillation in synchronized HT22 cells, mouse hippocampus, and liver. At the clock-output gene Dbp, KLF9 exhibited circadian rhythmicity in its association in chromatin in HT22 cells and hippocampus. Forced expression of KLF9 in HT22 cells repressed basal Dbp transcription and strongly inhibited CLOCK+BMAL1-dependent transcriptional activation of a transfected Dbp reporter. Mutational analysis showed that this action of KLF9 depended on 2 intact KLF9-binding motifs within the Dbp locus that are in close proximity to E-boxes. Knockout of Klf9 or the paralogous gene Klf13 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in HT22 cells had no effect on Dbp expression, but combined knockout of both genes strongly impaired circadian Dbp mRNA oscillation. Like KLF9, KLF13 also showed association in chromatin with clock- and clock-output genes, and forced expression of KLF13 inhibited the actions of CLOCK+BMAL1 on Dbp transcription. Our results suggest novel and partly overlapping roles for KLF9 and KLF13 in modulating cellular circadian clock output by a mechanism involving direct interaction with the core TTFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Knoedler
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - José Ávila-Mendoza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert J Denver
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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96
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Potential Protective and Therapeutic Roles of the Nrf2 Pathway in Ocular Diseases: An Update. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9410952. [PMID: 32273949 PMCID: PMC7125500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9410952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor- (erythroid-derived 2-) like 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of many processes of life, and it plays an important role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic responses and in cancer. This review is focused on the potential mechanism of Nrf2 in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases. Also, several Nrf2 inducers, including noncoding RNAs and exogenous compounds, which control the expression of Nrf2 through different pathways, are discussed in ocular disease models and ocular cells, protecting them from dysfunctional changes. Therefore, Nrf2 might be a potential target of protecting ocular cells from various stresses and preventing ocular diseases.
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97
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Approaching reactive species in the frame of their clinical significance: A toxicological appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111206. [PMID: 32113950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox biology and toxicology are interrelated fields that have produced valuable evidence regarding the role and clinical significance of reactive species. These issues are analyzed herein by presenting 6 arguments, as follows: Argument 1: There is no direct connection of redox-related pathologies with specific reactive species; Argument 2: The measurement of reactive species concentration is a major challenge due to their very short half lives; Argument 3: There is an interplay between reactive species generation and fundamental biological processes, such as energy metabolism; Argument 4: Reactive species exert beneficial biological action; Argument 5: Reactive species follow the hormesis phenomenon; Argument 6: Oxidative modifications of redox-related molecules are not necessarily interpreted as oxidative damage. We conclude that reactive species do not seem to exert clinical significance, which means that they lack a measurable cause-effect relation with chronic diseases. Unpredictable results could, nevertheless, arise through novel experimental setups applied in the field of toxicology. These are related to the real-life exposure scenario via the regimen of long-term low-dose (far below NOAEL) exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics and can potentially offer perspectives in order to investigate in depth whether or not reactive species can be introduced as clinically significant redox biomarkers.
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98
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Kasai S, Shimizu S, Tatara Y, Mimura J, Itoh K. Regulation of Nrf2 by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Physiology and Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020320. [PMID: 32079324 PMCID: PMC7072240 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and signaling molecules that control various cellular functions. Nrf2 governs the gene expression of endogenous antioxidant synthesis and ROS-eliminating enzymes in response to various electrophilic compounds that inactivate the negative regulator Keap1. Accumulating evidence has shown that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) activate Nrf2, often mediated by certain protein kinases, and induce the expression of antioxidant genes and genes involved in mitochondrial quality/quantity control. Mild physiological stress, such as caloric restriction and exercise, elicits beneficial effects through a process known as “mitohormesis”. Exercise induces NOX4 expression in the heart, which activates Nrf2 and increases endurance capacity. Mice transiently depleted of SOD2 or overexpressing skeletal muscle-specific UCP1 exhibit Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression and PGC1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. ATF4 activation may induce a transcriptional program that enhances NADPH synthesis in the mitochondria and might cooperate with the Nrf2 antioxidant system. In response to severe oxidative stress, Nrf2 induces Klf9 expression, which represses mtROS-eliminating enzymes to enhance cell death. Nrf2 is inactivated in certain pathological conditions, such as diabetes, but Keap1 down-regulation or mtROS elimination rescues Nrf2 expression and improves the pathology. These reports aid us in understanding the roles of Nrf2 in pathophysiological alterations involving mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Nature & Wellness Research, Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd. Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5158
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99
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Coffman JA. Chronic stress, physiological adaptation and developmental programming of the neuroendocrine stress system. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress undermines physical and mental health, in part via dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress system. Key to understand this dysregulation is recognizing that the problem is not stress per se, but rather its chronicity. The optimally functioning stress system is highly dynamic, and negative feedback regulation enforces transient responses to acute stressors. Chronic stress overrides this, and adaptation to the chronicity can result in persistent dysregulation by altering sensitivity thresholds critical for control of system dynamics. Such adaptation involves plasticity within the central nervous system (CNS) as well as epigenetic regulation. When it occurs during development, it can have persistent effects on neuroendocrine regulation. Understanding how chronic stress programs development of the neuroendocrine stress system requires elucidation of stress-responsive gene regulatory networks that control CNS plasticity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA
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100
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Wang M, Li J, Zheng Y. The Potential Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) in Glaucoma: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921514. [PMID: 31949124 PMCID: PMC6986212 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) acts as a regulator of many biological processes and plays an essential role in preventing oxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis. In the past 20 years, there has been increasing research on the role of Nrf2 and oxidative stress in human glaucoma, including the roles of inflammation, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, Tenon's capsule, antioxidants, fibrosis, and noncoding RNAs. Studies have shown that the upregulation of Nrf2 can reduce damage from oxidative stress in the trabecular meshwork cells and the retinal ganglion cells, reduce fibrosis in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, which may reduce the progression of fibrosis after surgery for glaucoma. The regulatory roles of Nrf2, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and exogenous compounds on trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and retinal ganglion cells have also been studied. The use of Nrf2 agonists, including noncoding RNAs, control the expression of Nrf2 through signaling pathways that continue to be investigated to identify effective treatments to improve clinical outcome following surgery for glaucoma. This review of publications between 1999 and 2019 aims to focus on the potential mechanisms of Nrf2 in the occurrence and development of glaucoma and the prognosis following surgical treatment. Also, several factors that induce the expression of Nrf2 in trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, and human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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