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Li Y, Su X, Feng C, Liu S, Guan H, Sun Y, He N, Ji M, Hou P. CYP2S1 is a synthetic lethal target in BRAF V600E-driven thyroid cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:191. [PMID: 32913191 PMCID: PMC7483764 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E is the most common genetic alteration and has become a major therapeutic target in thyroid cancers; however, intrinsic feedback mechanism limited clinical use of BRAFV600E specific inhibitors. Synthetic lethal is a kind of interaction between two genes, where only simultaneously perturbing both of the genes can lead to lethality. Here, we identified CYP2S1 as a synthetic lethal partner of BRAFV600E in thyroid cancers. First, we found that CYP2S1 was highly expressed in papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) compared to normal thyroid tissues, particularly in conventional PTCs (CPTCs) and tall-cell PTCs (TCPTCs), and its expression was positively associated with BRAFV600E mutation. CYP2S1 knockdown selectively inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, and promoted cell apoptosis in BRAFV600E mutated thyroid cancer cells, but not in BRAF wild-type ones. Mechanistically, BRAFV600E-mediated MAPK/ERK cascade upregulated CYP2S1 expression by an AHR-dependent pathway, while CYP2S1 in turn enhanced transcriptional activity of AHR through its metabolites. This AHR/CYP2S1 feedback loop strongly amplified oncogenic role of BRAFV600E in thyroid cancer cells, thereby causing synthetic lethal interaction between CYP2S1 and BRAFV600E. Finally, we demonstrated CYP2S1 as a potential therapeutic target in both BRAFV600E-drived xenograft and transgenic mouse models by targetedly delivering CYP2S1-specific siRNA. Altogether, our data demonstrate CYP2S1 as a synthetic lethal partner of BRAFV600E in thyroid cancers, and indicate that targeting CYP2S1 will provide a new therapeutic strategy for BRAFV600E mutated thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P.R. China.
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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Smith LK, Arabi S, Lelliott EJ, McArthur GA, Sheppard KE. Obesity and the Impact on Cutaneous Melanoma: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061583. [PMID: 32549336 PMCID: PMC7352630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight has been identified as a risk factor for many types of cancers, and for the majority of cancers, it is associated with poor outcomes. In contrast, there are cancers in which obesity is associated with favorable outcomes and this has been termed the “obesity paradox”. In melanoma, the connection between obesity and the increased incidence is not as strong as for other cancer types with some but not all studies showing an association. However, several recent studies have indicated that increased body mass index (BMI) improves survival outcomes in targeted and immune therapy treated melanoma patients. The mechanisms underlying how obesity leads to changes in therapeutic outcomes are not completely understood. This review discusses the current evidence implicating obesity in melanoma progression and patient response to targeted and immunotherapy, and discusses potential mechanisms underpinning these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey K. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Arabi
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Emily J. Lelliott
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen E. Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Dai W, Liu H, Chen K, Xu X, Qian D, Luo S, Amos CI, Lee JE, Li X, Nan H, Li C, Wei Q. Genetic variants in PDSS1 and SLC16A6 of the ketone body metabolic pathway predict cutaneous melanoma-specific survival. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:640-650. [PMID: 32232919 PMCID: PMC7454142 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified to be associated with cutaneous melanoma (CM) survival through genome-wide association studies, but stringent multiple testing corrections required for the hypothesis-free testing may have masked some true associations. Using a hypothesis-driven analysis approach, we sought to evaluate associations between SNPs in ketone body metabolic pathway genes and CM survival. We comprehensively assessed associations between 4196 (538 genotyped and 3658 imputed) common SNPs in 44 ketone body metabolic pathway genes and CM survival, using a dataset of 858 patients of a case-control study from The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center as the discovery set and another dataset of 409 patients from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study as the replication set. There were 95/858 (11.1%) and 48/409 (11.7%) patients who died of CM, respectively. We identified two independent SNPs (ie, PDSS1 rs12254548 G>C and SLC16A6 rs71387392 G>A) that were associated with CM survival, with allelic hazards ratios of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44-0.76, P = 9.00 × 10-5 ) and 1.98 (95% CI = 1.34-2.94, P = 6.30 × 10-4 ), respectively. Additionally, associations between genotypes of the SNPs and messenger RNA expression levels of their corresponding genes support the biologic plausibility of a role for these two variants in CM tumor progression and survival. Once validated by other larger studies, PDSS1 rs12254548 and SLC16A6 rs71387392 may be valuable biomarkers for CM survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ka Chen
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danwen Qian
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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55
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Bristot IJ, Kehl Dias C, Chapola H, Parsons RB, Klamt F. Metabolic rewiring in melanoma drug-resistant cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:102995. [PMID: 32569852 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several evidences indicate that melanoma, one of the deadliest types of cancer, presents the ability to transiently shift its phenotype under treatment or microenvironmental pressure to an invasive and treatment-resistant phenotype, which is characterized by cells with slow division cycle (also called slow-cycling cells) and high-OXPHOS metabolism. Many cellular marks have been proposed to track this phenotype, such as the expression levels of the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation (MITF) and the epigenetic factor JARID1B. It seems that the slow-cycling phenotype does not necessarily present a single gene expression signature. However, many lines of evidence lead to a common metabolic rewiring process in resistant cells that activates mitochondrial metabolism and changes the mitochondrial network morphology. Here, we propose that mitochondria-targeted drugs could increase not only the efficiency of target therapy, bypassing the dynamics between fast-cycling and slow-cycling, but also the sensitivity to immunotherapy by modulation of the melanoma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivi Juliana Bristot
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institutes of Science & Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT- TM), 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Kehl Dias
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institutes of Science & Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT- TM), 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Chapola
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institutes of Science & Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT- TM), 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institutes of Science & Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT- TM), 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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56
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Nagasawa I, Koido M, Tani Y, Tsukahara S, Kunimasa K, Tomida A. Disrupting ATF4 Expression Mechanisms Provides an Effective Strategy for BRAF-Targeted Melanoma Therapy. iScience 2020; 23:101028. [PMID: 32283529 PMCID: PMC7155235 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF V600 mutation influences cellular signaling pathways for melanoma development. However, the role of oncogenic BRAF in adaptive stress response pathways is not fully understood. Here, we show that oncogenic BRAF plays an essential role in the induction of ATF4 following the activation of general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase during nutrient stress and BRAF-targeted, therapeutic stress. Under GCN2 activation, BRAF ensures ATF4 induction by utilizing mTOR and eIF4B as downstream regulators. In contrast to the MEK-ERK pathway, this signaling pathway remains temporarily active even during treatment with BRAF inhibitors, thereby enabling the transient induction of ATF4. We also identify a chemical compound that prevents BRAF inhibitor-induced activation of the GCN2-ATF4 pathway and produces synergistic cell killing with BRAF inhibitors. Our findings establish a collaborative relationship between oncogenic BRAF and the GCN2-ATF4 signaling pathway, which may provide a novel therapeutic approach to target the adaptive stress response. Oncogenic BRAF signals mTOR and eIF4B to ensure ATF4 induction under GCN2 activation The signaling pathway decays relatively slowly during BRAF kinase inhibition The slow signaling decay enables adaptive response via the GCN2-ATF4 pathway The GCN2-ATF4 activation mechanisms by BRAF inhibitors may provide druggable targets
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Nagasawa
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Koido
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yuri Tani
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satomi Tsukahara
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kunimasa
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tomida
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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57
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Kant S, Kesarwani P, Prabhu A, Graham SF, Buelow KL, Nakano I, Chinnaiyan P. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation provides glioblastoma cells metabolic plasticity to accommodate to its dynamic nutrient microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:253. [PMID: 32312953 PMCID: PMC7170895 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in molecularly characterizing glioblastoma (GBM), metabolic alterations driving its aggressive phenotype are only beginning to be recognized. Integrative cross-platform analysis coupling global metabolomic and gene expression profiling on patient-derived glioma identified fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) as a metabolic node in GBM. We determined that the biologic consequence of enhanced FAO is directly dependent upon tumor microenvironment. FAO serves as a metabolic cue to drive proliferation in a β-HB/GPR109A dependent autocrine manner in nutrient favorable conditions, while providing an efficient, alternate source of ATP only in nutrient unfavorable conditions. Rational combinatorial strategies designed to target these dynamic roles FAO plays in gliomagenesis resulted in necroptosis-mediated metabolic synthetic lethality in GBM. In summary, we identified FAO as a dominant metabolic node in GBM that provides metabolic plasticity, allowing these cells to adapt to their dynamic microenvironment. Combinatorial strategies designed to target these diverse roles FAO plays in gliomagenesis offers therapeutic potential in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Pravin Kesarwani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Antony Prabhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Department of Metabolomics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Katie L Buelow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Prakash Chinnaiyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. .,Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
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58
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Läsche M, Emons G, Gründker C. Shedding New Light on Cancer Metabolism: A Metabolic Tightrope Between Life and Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:409. [PMID: 32300553 PMCID: PMC7145406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest findings of Otto Warburg, who discovered the first metabolic differences between lactate production of cancer cells and non-malignant tissues in the 1920s, much time has passed. He explained the increased lactate levels with dysfunctional mitochondria and aerobic glycolysis despite adequate oxygenation. Meanwhile, we came to know that mitochondria remain instead functional in cancer cells; hence, metabolic drift, rather than being linked to dysfunctional mitochondria, was found to be an active act of direct response of cancer cells to cell proliferation and survival signals. This metabolic drift begins with the use of sugars and the full oxidative phosphorylation via the mitochondrial respiratory chain to form CO2, and it then leads to the formation of lactic acid via partial oxidation. In addition to oncogene-driven metabolic reprogramming, the oncometabolites themselves alter cell signaling and are responsible for differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells. The aberrant metabolism is now considered a major characteristic of cancer within the past 15 years. However, the proliferating anabolic growth of a tumor and its spread to distal sites of the body is not explainable by altered glucose metabolism alone. Since a tumor consists of malignant cells and its tumor microenvironment, it was important for us to understand the bilateral interactions between the primary tumor and its microenvironment and the processes underlying its successful metastasis. We here describe the main metabolic pathways and their implications in tumor progression and metastasis. We also portray that metabolic flexibility determines the fate of the cancer cell and ultimately the patient. This flexibility must be taken into account when deciding on a therapy, since singular cancer therapies only shift the metabolism to a different alternative path and create resistance to the medication used. As with Otto Warburg in his days, we primarily focused on the metabolism of mitochondria when dealing with this scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Läsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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59
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Weber DD, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Tulipan J, Catalano L, Feichtinger RG, Kofler B. Ketogenic diet in the treatment of cancer - Where do we stand? Mol Metab 2020; 33:102-121. [PMID: 31399389 PMCID: PMC7056920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide, and we still lack complementary approaches to significantly enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with adequate amounts of protein, appears to sensitize most cancers to standard treatment by exploiting the reprogramed metabolism of cancer cells, making the diet a promising candidate as an adjuvant cancer therapy. SCOPE OF REVIEW To critically evaluate available preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the ketogenic diet in the context of cancer therapy. Furthermore, we highlight important mechanisms that could explain the potential antitumor effects of the ketogenic diet. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The ketogenic diet probably creates an unfavorable metabolic environment for cancer cells and thus can be regarded as a promising adjuvant as a patient-specific multifactorial therapy. The majority of preclinical and several clinical studies argue for the use of the ketogenic diet in combination with standard therapies based on its potential to enhance the antitumor effects of classic chemo- and radiotherapy, its overall good safety and tolerability and increase in quality of life. However, to further elucidate the mechanisms of the ketogenic diet as a therapy and evaluate its application in clinical practice, more molecular studies as well as uniformly controlled clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Julia Tulipan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Grabacka M, Plonka PM, Reiss K. Melanoma-Time to fast or time to feast? An interplay between PPARs, metabolism and immunity. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:436-445. [PMID: 31957066 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of melanoma can be accelerated by intensification of particular metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis and avid amino acid catabolism, and is accompanied by aberrant immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Contrary to other cancer types, melanoma reveals some unique tissue-specific features, such as melanogenesis, which is intertwined with metabolism. Nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) take part in regulation of systemic and cellular metabolism, inflammation and melanogenesis. They appear as a focal regulatory point for these three distinct processes by occupying the intersection among AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) signalling pathways. When deregulated, they may accelerate melanoma malignant growth. Presenting the contribution of PPARα and PPARγ in melanoma biology, we attempt to ask how two contrasting metabolic states: obesity and fasting, can change progression of the disease and possible outcome of the treatment. This short essay is aimed to provoke a discussion about some practical implications for melanoma prevention and treatment, especially: how metabolic manipulation may be exploited to overcome immunosuppression and support immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw M Plonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
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61
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Cui W, Luo W, Zhou X, Lu Y, Xu W, Zhong S, Feng G, Liang Y, Liang L, Mo Y, Xiao X, Huang G, Matskova L, Zhang Z, Li P, Zhou X. Dysregulation of Ketone Body Metabolism Is Associated With Poor Prognosis for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1422. [PMID: 31921677 PMCID: PMC6928137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney is an important organ for ketone body metabolism. However, the role of abnormal ketone metabolism and its possible function in tumorigenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not yet been elucidated. Three differentially expressed key enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL, were screened out between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues using the GEO and TCGA databases.We confirmed that the transcription and protein expression of ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL were significantly lower in ccRCC by real-time RT-PCR and IHC assays. Those patients with lower expression of these three genes have a worse outcome. In addition, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of each of these genes inhibited the proliferation of ccRCC cells. The overexpressed ACAT1 and BDH2 genes remarkably impeded the migratory and invasive capacity of ccRCC cells. Furthermore, exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate suppressed the growth of ccRCC cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL are potential tumor suppressor genes, and constitute effective prognostic biomarkers for ccRCC. Ketone body metabolism might thus be a promising target in a process for developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guofei Feng
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yushan Liang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Libin Liang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxi Mo
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Pathology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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62
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More Than One HMG-CoA Lyase: The Classical Mitochondrial Enzyme Plus the Peroxisomal and the Cytosolic Ones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246124. [PMID: 31817290 PMCID: PMC6941031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three human enzymes with HMG-CoA lyase activity that are able to synthesize ketone bodies in different subcellular compartments. The mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase was the first to be described, and catalyzes the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA to acetoacetate and acetyl-CoA, the common final step in ketogenesis and leucine catabolism. This protein is mainly expressed in the liver and its function is metabolic, since it produces ketone bodies as energetic fuels when glucose levels are low. Another isoform is encoded by the same gene for the mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), but it is located in peroxisomes. The last HMG-CoA lyase to be described is encoded by a different gene, HMGCLL1, and is located in the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Some activity assays and tissue distribution of this enzyme have shown the brain and lung as key tissues for studying its function. Although the roles of the peroxisomal and cytosolic HMG-CoA lyases remain unknown, recent studies highlight the role of ketone bodies in metabolic remodeling, homeostasis, and signaling, providing new insights into the molecular and cellular function of these enzymes.
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Abstract
The way cancer cells utilize nutrients to support their growth and proliferation is determined by cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic factors, including interactions with the environment. These interactions can define therapeutic vulnerabilities and impact the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Diet-mediated changes in whole-body metabolism and systemic nutrient availability can affect the environment that cancer cells are exposed to within tumours, and a better understanding of how diet modulates nutrient availability and utilization by cancer cells is needed. How diet impacts cancer outcomes is also of great interest to patients, yet clear evidence for how diet interacts with therapy and impacts tumour growth is lacking. Here we propose an experimental framework to probe the connections between diet and cancer metabolism. We examine how dietary factors may affect tumour growth by altering the access to and utilization of nutrients by cancer cells. Our growing understanding of how certain cancer types respond to various diets, how diet impacts cancer cell metabolism to mediate these responses and whether dietary interventions may constitute new therapeutic opportunities will begin to provide guidance on how best to use diet and nutrition to manage cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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64
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γ-6-Phosphogluconolactone, a Byproduct of the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Contributes to AMPK Activation through Inhibition of PP2A. Mol Cell 2019; 76:857-871.e9. [PMID: 31586547 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxiPPP) contributes to cell metabolism through not only the production of metabolic intermediates and reductive NADPH but also inhibition of LKB1-AMPK signaling by ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru-5-P), the product of the third oxiPPP enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD). However, we found that knockdown of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first oxiPPP enzyme, did not affect AMPK activation despite decreased Ru-5-P and subsequent LKB1 activation, due to enhanced activity of PP2A, the upstream phosphatase of AMPK. In contrast, knockdown of 6PGD or 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS), the second oxiPPP enzyme, reduced PP2A activity. Mechanistically, knockdown of G6PD or PGLS decreased or increased 6-phosphogluconolactone level, respectively, which enhanced the inhibitory phosphorylation of PP2A by Src. Furthermore, γ-6-phosphogluconolactone, an oxiPPP byproduct with unknown function generated through intramolecular rearrangement of δ-6-phosphogluconolactone, the only substrate of PGLS, bound to Src and enhanced PP2A recruitment. Together, oxiPPP regulates AMPK homeostasis by balancing the opposing LKB1 and PP2A.
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65
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Zhou S, Xu H, Tang Q, Xia H, Bi F. Dipyridamole Enhances the Cytotoxicities of Trametinib against Colon Cancer Cells through Combined Targeting of HMGCS1 and MEK Pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:135-146. [PMID: 31554653 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both the MAPK pathway and mevalonate (MVA) signaling pathway play an increasingly significant role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma, whereas the cross-talk between these two pathways and its implication in targeted therapy remains unclear in colorectal carcinoma. Here, we identified that HMGCS1 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1), the rate-limiting enzyme of the MVA pathway, is overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and positively regulates the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells. In addition, HMGCS1 could enhance the activity of pERK independent of the MVA pathway, and the suppression of HMGCS1 could completely reduce the EGF-induced proliferation of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, could only partially abolish the upregulation of HMGCS1 induced by EGF treatment, while combination with HMGCS1 knockdown could completely reverse the upregulation of HMGCS1 induced by EGF treatment and increase the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to trametinib. Finally, we combined trametinib and dipyridamole, a common clinically used drug that could suppress the activity of SREBF2 (sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2), a transcription factor regulating HMGCS1 expression, and identified its synergistic effect in inhibiting the proliferation and survival of colon cancer cells in vitro as well as the in vivo tumorigenic potential of colon cancer cells. Together, the current data indicated that HMGCS1 may be a novel biomarker, and the combination of targeting HMGCS1 and MEK might be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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66
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Malagoli C, Malavolti M, Farnetani F, Longo C, Filippini T, Pellacani G, Vinceti M. Food and Beverage Consumption and Melanoma Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Northern Italy. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2206. [PMID: 31547443 PMCID: PMC6769978 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that diet may influence the risk of melanoma, but few studies are available on this topic. We assessed the relation between food consumption and the risk of cutaneous melanoma in a Northern Italy population. We carried out a population-based case-control study involving 380 cases of melanoma and 719 age- and sex-matched controls. Dietary habits were established through a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We computed the odds ratios (ORs) of melanoma and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to tertiles of daily intake of each food item, using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for major confounding factors. We observed an indication of a positive association between melanoma risk and consumption of cereals and cereal products (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 0.89-1.96, higher vs. lowest tertile), sweets (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 0.84-1.76), chocolate, candy bars. etc., (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.09) and cabbages (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.09). Conversely, an inverse association with disease risk was found for the intake of legumes (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.52-1.13), olive oil (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.51-1.16), eggs (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.41-0.82), and onion and garlic (OR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.52-1.14). No relationship was observed with beverage consumption. Our results suggest potentially adverse effects on melanoma risk of foods characterized by high contents of refined flours and sugars, while suggesting a protective role for eggs and two key components of the Mediterranean diet, legumes and olive oil. These associations warrant further investigation and, if confirmed, they might have important public health implications for the reduction of melanoma incidence through dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health-Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health-Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health-Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health-Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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67
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Hsieh MH, Choe JH, Gadhvi J, Kim YJ, Arguez MA, Palmer M, Gerold H, Nowak C, Do H, Mazambani S, Knighton JK, Cha M, Goodwin J, Kang MK, Jeong JY, Lee SY, Faubert B, Xuan Z, Abel ED, Scafoglio C, Shackelford DB, Minna JD, Singh PK, Shulaev V, Bleris L, Hoyt K, Kim J, Inoue M, DeBerardinis RJ, Kim TH, Kim JW. p63 and SOX2 Dictate Glucose Reliance and Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1860-1878.e9. [PMID: 31412252 PMCID: PMC7048935 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a malignancy arising across multiple anatomical sites, is responsible for significant cancer mortality due to insufficient therapeutic options. Here, we identify exceptional glucose reliance among SCCs dictated by hyperactive GLUT1-mediated glucose influx. Mechanistically, squamous lineage transcription factors p63 and SOX2 transactivate the intronic enhancer cluster of SLC2A1. Elevated glucose influx fuels generation of NADPH and GSH, thereby heightening the anti-oxidative capacity in SCC tumors. Systemic glucose restriction by ketogenic diet and inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption with SGLT2 inhibitor precipitate intratumoral oxidative stress and tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, reduction of blood glucose lowers blood insulin levels, which suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling in SCC cells. Clinically, we demonstrate a robust correlation between blood glucose concentration and worse survival among SCC patients. Collectively, this study identifies the exceptional glucose reliance of SCC and suggests its candidacy as a highly vulnerable cancer type to be targeted by systemic glucose restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Joshua H Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jashkaran Gadhvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Marcus A Arguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Madison Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Haleigh Gerold
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chance Nowak
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Hung Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Simbarashe Mazambani
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jordan K Knighton
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Cha
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Justin Goodwin
- Graduate School of Art and Sciences and School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claudio Scafoglio
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - James Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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68
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Transcription factor Oct1 protects against hematopoietic stress and promotes acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2019; 76:38-48.e2. [PMID: 31295506 PMCID: PMC7670548 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the development and progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is necessary to improve patient outcome. Here we define roles for the transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 in AML and normal hematopoiesis. Inappropriate reactivation of the CDX2 gene is widely observed in leukemia patients and in leukemia mouse models. We show that Oct1 associates with the CDX2 promoter in both normal and AML primary patient samples, but recruits the histone demethylase Jmjd1a/Kdm3a to remove the repressive H3K9me2 mark only in malignant specimens. The CpG DNA immediately adjacent to the Oct1 binding site within the CDX2 promoter exhibits variable DNA methylation in healthy control blood and bone marrow samples, but complete demethylation in AML samples. In MLL-AF9-driven mouse models, partial loss of Oct1 protects from myeloid leukemia. Complete Oct1 loss completely suppresses leukemia but results in lethality from bone marrow failure. Loss of Oct1 in normal hematopoietic transplants results in superficially normal long-term reconstitution; however, animals become acutely sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, indicating that Oct1 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis but protects blood progenitor cells against external chemotoxic stress. These findings elucidate a novel and important role for Oct1 in AML.
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69
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Gao Y, Chen L, Du Z, Gao W, Wu Z, Liu X, Huang H, Xu D, Li Q. Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 Signals through the Androgen Receptor to Promote Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4638-4649. [PMID: 31182548 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Urology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZunGuo Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - WenChao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhengMing Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - XiuJuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - DanFeng Xu
- Department of Urology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - QingQuan Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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70
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Chen D, Xia S, Wang M, Lin R, Li Y, Mao H, Aguiar M, Famulare CA, Shih AH, Brennan CW, Gao X, Pan Y, Liu S, Fan J, Jin L, Song L, Zhou A, Mukherjee J, Pieper RO, Mishra A, Peng J, Arellano M, Blum WG, Lonial S, Boggon TJ, Levine RL, Chen J. Mutant and Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Share Enhancing Mechanisms Involving Distinct Tyrosine Kinase Cascades in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:756-777. [PMID: 30862724 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is important for reductive carboxylation in cancer cells, and the IDH1 R132H mutation plays a pathogenic role in cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the regulatory mechanisms modulating mutant and/or wild-type (WT) IDH1 function remain unknown. Here, we show that two groups of tyrosine kinases (TK) enhance the activation of mutant and WT IDH1 through preferential Y42 or Y391 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, Y42 phosphorylation occurs in IDH1 monomers, which promotes dimer formation with enhanced substrate (isocitrate or α-ketoglutarate) binding, whereas Y42-phosphorylated dimers show attenuated disruption to monomers. Y391 phosphorylation occurs in both monomeric and dimeric IDH1, which enhances cofactor (NADP+ or NADPH) binding. Diverse oncogenic TKs phosphorylate IDH1 WT at Y42 and activate Src to phosphorylate IDH1 at Y391, which contributes to reductive carboxylation and tumor growth, whereas FLT3 or the FLT3-ITD mutation activates JAK2 to enhance mutant IDH1 activity through phosphorylation of Y391 and Y42, respectively, in AML cells. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrated an intrinsic connection between oncogenic TKs and activation of WT and mutant IDH1, which involves distinct TK cascades in related cancers. In particular, these results provide an additional rationale supporting the combination of FLT3 and mutant IDH1 inhibitors as a promising clinical treatment of mutant IDH1-positive AML.See related commentary by Horton and Huntly, p. 699.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruiting Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hui Mao
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mike Aguiar
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alan H Shih
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Xue Gao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Department of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Martha Arellano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William G Blum
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ross L Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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71
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Liu K, Li F, Sun Q, Lin N, Han H, You K, Tian F, Mao Z, Li T, Tong T, Geng M, Zhao Y, Gu W, Zhao W. p53 β-hydroxybutyrylation attenuates p53 activity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:243. [PMID: 30858356 PMCID: PMC6411878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 is an essential tumor suppressor, whose activity is finely tuned by the posttranslational modifications. Previous research has reported that β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) induces β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb), which is a novel histone posttranslational modification. Here we report that p53 is modified by kbhb and that this modification occurs at lysines 120, 319, and 370 of p53. We demonstrate that the level of p53 kbhb is dramatically increased in cultured cells treated with BHB and in thymus tissues of fasted mice, and that CBP catalyze p53 kbhb. We show that p53 kbhb results in lower levels of p53 acetylation and reduced expression of the p53 downstream genes p21 and PUMA, as well as reduced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in cultured cells under p53-activating conditions. Similar results were observed in mouse thymus tissue under starvation conditions, which result in increased concentrations of serum BHB, and in response to genotoxic stress caused by γ-irradiation to activate p53. Our findings thus show that BHB-mediated p53 kbhb is a novel mechanism of p53 activity regulation, which may explain the link between ketone bodies and tumor, and which may provide promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqiang You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Zebin Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, 201203, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
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72
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Jiang C, Xie L, Zhang Y, Fujinaga M, Mori W, Kurihara Y, Yamasaki T, Wang F, Zhang MR. Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of [ 11C]CEP-32496 in Nude Mice Bearing BRAF V600E Mutation-Induced Melanomas. Mol Imaging 2019; 17:1536012118795952. [PMID: 30251592 PMCID: PMC6156206 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118795952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CEP-32496, also known as RXDX-105 or Agerafenib, is a new orally active inhibitor for the mutated v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAFV600E), which has attracted considerable attention in clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we used carbon-11-labeled CEP-32496 ([11C]CEP-32496) as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties and explore its potential for in vivo imaging. Following radiotracer synthesis, we performed in vitro binding assays and autoradiography of [11C]CEP-32496 in the A375 melanoma cell line and on tumor tissue sections from mice harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. These were followed by PET scans and biodistribution studies on nude mice bearing subcutaneous A375 cell-induced melanoma. [11C]CEP-32496 showed high binding affinity for BRAFV600E-positive A375 melanoma cells and densely accumulated in the respective tissue sections; this could be blocked by the BRAFV600E selective antagonist sorafenib and by unlabeled CEP-32496. The PET and biodistribution results revealed that [11C]CEP-32496 accumulated continuously but slowly into the tumor within a period of 0 to 60 minutes postinjection in A375-melanoma-bearing nude mice. Metabolite analysis showed high in vivo stability of [11C]CEP-32496 in plasma. Our results indicate that [11C]CEP-32496 has excellent specificity and affinity for the BRAFV600E mutation in vitro, while its noninvasive personalized diagnostic role needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jiang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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73
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Tagawa R, Kawano Y, Minami A, Nishiumi S, Yano Y, Yoshida M, Kodama Y. β-hydroxybutyrate protects hepatocytes against endoplasmic reticulum stress in a sirtuin 1-independent manner. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:220-227. [PMID: 30664838 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a major ketone body in mammals, is produced from fatty acids through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. To elucidate the role of BHB in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we examined the effects of BHB on hepatic ER stress induced by tunicamycin. In mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells, BHB treatment suppressed the protein expression of ER stress responsive genes and increased cell viability, while reducing the protein expression of apoptosis inducible genes, without causing any alterations in the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) or the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. The intraperitoneal administration of BHB also reduced the protein expression of ER stress responsive genes in mouse livers. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, the protein expression levels of ER stress responsive genes were increased by the partial inhibition of BHB production with siRNA targeting endogenous 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lyase, whereas they were decreased by promoting BHB production with fenofibrate. These findings revealed that BHB helps to suppress hepatic ER stress via a SIRT1-independent pathway, and it might be possible to manipulate ER stress by regulating BHB production genetically or pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Minami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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74
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Lin R, Xia S, Shan C, Chen D, Liu Y, Gao X, Wang M, Kang HB, Pan Y, Liu S, Chung YR, Abdel-Wahab O, Merghoub T, Rossi M, Kudchadkar RR, Lawson DH, Khuri FR, Lonial S, Chen J. The Dietary Supplement Chondroitin-4-Sulfate Exhibits Oncogene-Specific Pro-tumor Effects on BRAF V600E Melanoma Cells. Mol Cell 2019; 69:923-937.e8. [PMID: 29547721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements such as vitamins and minerals are widely used in the hope of improving health but may have unidentified risks and side effects. In particular, a pathogenic link between dietary supplements and specific oncogenes remains unknown. Here we report that chondroitin-4-sulfate (CHSA), a natural glycosaminoglycan approved as a dietary supplement used for osteoarthritis, selectively promotes the tumor growth potential of BRAF V600E-expressing human melanoma cells in patient- and cell line-derived xenograft mice and confers resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Mechanistically, chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase (CSGlcA-T) signals through its product CHSA to enhance casein kinase 2 (CK2)-PTEN binding and consequent phosphorylation and inhibition of PTEN, which requires CHSA chains and is essential to sustain AKT activation in BRAF V600E-expressing melanoma cells. However, this CHSA-dependent PTEN inhibition is dispensable in cancer cells expressing mutant NRAS or PI3KCA, which directly activate the PI3K-AKT pathway. These results suggest that dietary supplements may exhibit oncogene-dependent pro-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Changliang Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | | | | | - Taha Merghoub
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Rossi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ragini R Kudchadkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David H Lawson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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75
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Swanson KD, Zheng B. Supplementing Cancer? Mol Cell 2019; 69:917-918. [PMID: 29547718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Lin et al. (2018) report that chondroitin-4-sulfate, which is found in a common supplement meant to alleviate degenerative joint disorders, promotes the growth of BRAF V600E mutant melanoma. This study not only has implications for patient care but also sheds light on a novel mechanism for regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Swanson
- Brain Tumor Center and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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76
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Adler M, Korem Kohanim Y, Tendler A, Mayo A, Alon U. Continuum of Gene-Expression Profiles Provides Spatial Division of Labor within a Differentiated Cell Type. Cell Syst 2019; 8:43-52.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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77
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Theodosakis N, Langdon CG, Micevic G, Krykbaeva I, Means RE, Stern DF, Bosenberg MW. Inhibition of isoprenylation synergizes with MAPK blockade to prevent growth in treatment-resistant melanoma, colorectal, and lung cancer. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:292-302. [PMID: 30281931 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, as an adjunctive to BRAF and MEK inhibition as a treatment in melanomas and other tumors with driver mutations in the MAPK pathway. Experiments used simvastatin in conjunction with vemurafenib and selumetinib in vitro and simvastatin with vemurafenib in vivo to demonstrate additional growth abrogation beyond MAPK blockade alone. Additional studies demonstrated that statin anti-tumor effects appeared to depend on inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis given rescue with add-back of downstream metabolites. Ultimately, we concluded that statins represent a possible useful adjunctive therapy in MAPK-driven tumors when given with current approved targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey G Langdon
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Goran Micevic
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Irina Krykbaeva
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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78
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Kaushik AK, DeBerardinis RJ. Applications of metabolomics to study cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:2-14. [PMID: 29702206 PMCID: PMC6193562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism supports tumor growth and provides a potential source of therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has emerged as a broadly informative technique for profiling metabolic features associated with specific oncogenotypes, disease progression, therapeutic liabilities and other clinically relevant aspects of tumor biology. In this review, we introduce the applications of metabolomics to study deregulated metabolism and metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. We provide examples of studies that used metabolomics to discover novel metabolic regulatory mechanisms, including processes that link metabolic alterations with gene expression, protein function, and other aspects of systems biology. Finally, we discuss emerging applications of metabolomics for in vivo isotope tracing and metabolite imaging, both of which hold promise to advance our understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K Kaushik
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-8502, United States
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-8502, United States.
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79
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ketone body metabolism is a dynamic and integrated metabolic node in human physiology, whose roles include but extend beyond alternative fuel provision during carbohydrate restriction. Here we discuss the most recent observations suggesting that ketosis coordinates cellular function via epigenomic regulation. RECENT FINDINGS Ketosis has been linked to covalent modifications, including lysine acetylation, methylation, and hydroxybutyrylation, to key histones that serve as dynamic regulators of chromatin architecture and gene transcription. Although it remains to be fully established whether these changes to the epigenome are attributable to ketone bodies themselves or other aspects of ketotic states, the regulated genes mediate classical responses to carbohydrate restriction. SUMMARY Direct regulation of gene expression may occur in-vivo via through ketone body-mediated histone modifications during adherence to low-carbohydrate diets, fasting ketosis, exogenous ketone body therapy, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Additional convergent functional genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics studies are required in both animal models and in humans to identify the molecular mechanisms through which ketosis regulates nuclear signaling events in a myriad of conditions relevant to disease, and the contexts in which the benefits of ketosis might outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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80
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Fritsche-Guenther R, Zasada C, Mastrobuoni G, Royla N, Rainer R, Roßner F, Pietzke M, Klipp E, Sers C, Kempa S. Alterations of mTOR signaling impact metabolic stress resistance in colorectal carcinomas with BRAF and KRAS mutations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9204. [PMID: 29907857 PMCID: PMC6003911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is as a hallmark of cancer, and several studies have reported that BRAF and KRAS tumors may be accompanied by a deregulation of cellular metabolism. We investigated how BRAFV600E and KRASG12V affect cell metabolism, stress resistance and signaling in colorectal carcinoma cells driven by these mutations. KRASG12V expressing cells are characterized by the induction of glycolysis, accumulation of lactic acid and sensitivity to glycolytic inhibition. Notably mathematical modelling confirmed the critical role of MCT1 designating the survival of KRASG12V cells. Carcinoma cells harboring BRAFV600E remain resistant towards alterations of glucose supply or application of signaling or metabolic inhibitors. Altogether these data demonstrate that an oncogene-specific decoupling of mTOR from AMPK or AKT signaling accounts for alterations of resistance mechanisms and metabolic phenotypes. Indeed the inhibition of mTOR in BRAFV600E cells counteracts the metabolic predisposition and demonstrates mTOR as a potential target in BRAFV600E-driven colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Zasada
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Mastrobuoni
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Royla
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Rainer
- Humboldt University Berlin, Theoretical Biophysics, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Roßner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Institute of Pathology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pietzke
- Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Edda Klipp
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Institute of Pathology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Institute of Pathology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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81
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Marchetti P, Trinh A, Khamari R, Kluza J. Melanoma metabolism contributes to the cellular responses to MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:999-1005. [PMID: 29413908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides its influence on survival, growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis, cancer cell metabolism also greatly influences the cellular responses to molecular-targeted therapies. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW To review the recent advances in elucidating the metabolic effects of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (clinical inhibitors of the MAPK/ERK pathway) in melanoma and discuss the underlying mechanisms involved in the way metabolism can influence melanoma cell death and resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. We also underlined the therapeutic perspectives in terms of innovative drug combinations. MAJOR CONCLUSION BRAF and MEK inhibitors inhibit aerobic glycolysis and induce high levels of metabolic stress leading to effective cell death by apoptosis in BRAF-mutated cancer cells. An increase in mitochondrial metabolism is required to survive to MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitors and the sub-population of cells that survives to these inhibitors are characterized by mitochondrial OXPHOS phenotype. Consequently, mitochondrial inhibition could be combined with oncogenic "drivers" inhibitors of the MAPK/ERK pathway for improving the efficacy of molecular-targeted therapy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Metabolism is a key component of the melanoma response to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Mitochondrial targeting may offer novel therapeutic approaches to overwhelm the mitochondrial addiction that limits the efficacy of BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. These therapeutic approaches might be quickly applicable to the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marchetti
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 1, Place Verdun, 59045 Cedex, France; SIRIC ONCOLILLE, France; Banque de Tissus Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire CHRU Lille, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Anne Trinh
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 1, Place Verdun, 59045 Cedex, France; SIRIC ONCOLILLE, France
| | - Raeeka Khamari
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 1, Place Verdun, 59045 Cedex, France; SIRIC ONCOLILLE, France
| | - Jerome Kluza
- Inserm UMR-S 1172, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 1, Place Verdun, 59045 Cedex, France; SIRIC ONCOLILLE, France
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82
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Gouirand V, Guillaumond F, Vasseur S. Influence of the Tumor Microenvironment on Cancer Cells Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2018; 8:117. [PMID: 29725585 PMCID: PMC5917075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As with castles, tumor cells are fortified by surrounding non-malignant cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, but also nerve fibers and extracellular matrix. In most cancers, this fortification creates a considerable solid pressure which limits oxygen and nutrient delivery to the tumor cells and causes a hypoxic and nutritional stress. Consequently, tumor cells have to adapt their metabolism to survive and proliferate in this harsh microenvironment. To satisfy their need in energy and biomass, tumor cells develop new capacities to benefit from metabolites of the microenvironment, either by their uptake through the macropinocytosis process or through metabolite transporters, or by a cross-talk with stromal cells and capture of extracellular vesicles that are released by the neighboring cells. However, the microenvironments of primary tumor and metastatic niches differ tremendously in their cellular/acellular components and available nutrients. Therefore, cancer cells must develop a metabolic flexibility conferring on them the ability to satisfy their biomass and energetic demands at both primary and metastasis sites. In this review, we propose a brief overview of how proliferating cancer cells take advantage of their surrounding microenvironment to satisfy their high metabolic demand at both primary and metastasis sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire Gouirand
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), UMR 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille U105, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), UMR 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille U105, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), UMR 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille U105, Marseille, France
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83
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Gallipoli P, Giotopoulos G, Tzelepis K, Costa AS, Vohra S, Medina-Perez P, Basheer F, Marando L, Di Lisio L, Dias JML, Yun H, Sasca D, Horton SJ, Vassiliou G, Frezza C, Huntly BJ. Glutaminolysis is a metabolic dependency in FLT3 ITD acute myeloid leukemia unmasked by FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Blood 2018; 131:1639-1653. [PMID: 29463564 PMCID: PMC6061932 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-820035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3ITD) mutations are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with poor patient prognosis. Although new-generation FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown promising results, the outcome of FLT3ITD AML patients remains poor and demands the identification of novel, specific, and validated therapeutic targets for this highly aggressive AML subtype. Utilizing an unbiased genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screen, we identify GLS, the first enzyme in glutamine metabolism, as synthetically lethal with FLT3-TKI treatment. Using complementary metabolomic and gene-expression analysis, we demonstrate that glutamine metabolism, through its ability to support both mitochondrial function and cellular redox metabolism, becomes a metabolic dependency of FLT3ITD AML, specifically unmasked by FLT3-TKI treatment. We extend these findings to AML subtypes driven by other tyrosine kinase (TK) activating mutations and validate the role of GLS as a clinically actionable therapeutic target in both primary AML and in vivo models. Our work highlights the role of metabolic adaptations as a resistance mechanism to several TKI and suggests glutaminolysis as a therapeutically targetable vulnerability when combined with specific TKI in FLT3ITD and other TK activating mutation-driven leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gallipoli
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tzelepis
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ana S.H. Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Shabana Vohra
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paula Medina-Perez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Faisal Basheer
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ludovica Marando
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lorena Di Lisio
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Joao M. L. Dias
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel Sasca
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sarah J. Horton
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - George Vassiliou
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Brian J.P. Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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84
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Libby CJ, Tran AN, Scott SE, Griguer C, Hjelmeland AB. The pro-tumorigenic effects of metabolic alterations in glioblastoma including brain tumor initiating cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:175-188. [PMID: 29378228 PMCID: PMC6596418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
De-regulated cellular energetics is an emerging hallmark of cancer with alterations to glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the pentose phosphate pathway, lipid oxidation and synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Understanding and targeting of metabolic reprogramming in cancers may yield new treatment options, but metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity complicate this strategy. One highly heterogeneous cancer for which current treatments ultimately fail is the deadly brain tumor glioblastoma. Therapeutic resistance, within glioblastoma and other solid tumors, is thought to be linked to subsets of tumor initiating cells, also known as cancer stem cells. Recent profiling of glioblastoma and brain tumor initiating cells reveals changes in metabolism, as compiled here, that may be more broadly applicable. We will summarize the profound role for metabolism in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance and discuss current approaches to target glioma metabolism to improve standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Libby
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35294
| | - Anh Nhat Tran
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35294
| | - Sarah E. Scott
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35294
| | - Corinne Griguer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35294
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35294,, corresponding author, Anita Hjelmeland, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, 1900 University Blvd, THT 979, Birmingham Al 35294,
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85
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Zhong Y, Huang H, Chen M, Huang J, Wu Q, Yan GR, Chen D. POU2F1 over-expression correlates with poor prognoses and promotes cell growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44082-44095. [PMID: 28489585 PMCID: PMC5546464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to understand activities of POU domain class 2 transcription factor 1 (POU2F1), little is known about the roles of POU2F1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis and its correlation with any clinicopathological feature of HCC. In this study, we found that POU2F1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC specimens compared with adjacent non-cancerous liver specimens. The high POU2F1 protein expression level positively correlated with large tumor size, high histological grade, tumor metastasis and advanced clinical stage, and HCC patients with high POU2F1 levels exhibited poor prognoses. We further demonstrated that POU2F1 over-expression promoted HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion, while silencing of POU2F1 inhibited these malignant phenotypes. POU2F1 induced the expression of Twist1, Snai1, Snai2 and ZEB1 genes which are involved in the regulation of EMT. Furthermore, POU2F1 was up-regulated by AKT pathway in HCC, and POU2F1 over-expression reversed the inhibition of malignant phenotypes induced by AKT knock-down, indicating POU2F1 is a key down-stream effector of AKT pathway. Collectively, our results indicate that POU2F1 over-expression is positively associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor survival in patients with HCC, and POU2F1 regulated by AKT pathway promotes HCC aggressive phenotypes by regulating the transcription of EMT genes. POU2F1 may be employed as a new prognostic factor and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Zhong
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Huang
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Wu
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rong Yan
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Chen
- Biomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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86
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Abstract
Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the development of powerful imaging tools that are still used in the clinics, it is now clear that mitochondria play a key role in oncogenesis. Besides exerting central bioenergetic functions, mitochondria provide indeed building blocks for tumor anabolism, control redox and calcium homeostasis, participate in transcriptional regulation, and govern cell death. Thus, mitochondria constitute promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. However, tumors arise, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system, and many immunological functions rely on intact mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we review the cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of oncogenesis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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87
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Vázquez-Arreguín K, Maddox J, Kang J, Park D, Cano RR, Factor RE, Ludwig T, Tantin D. BRCA1 through Its E3 Ligase Activity Regulates the Transcription Factor Oct1 and Carbohydrate Metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:439-452. [PMID: 29330289 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor BRCA1 regulates the DNA damage response (DDR) and other processes that remain incompletely defined. Among these, BRCA1 heterodimerizes with BARD1 to ubiquitylate targets via its N-terminal E3 ligase activity. Here, it is demonstrated that BRCA1 promotes oxidative metabolism by degrading Oct1 (POU2F1), a transcription factor with proglycolytic and tumorigenic effects. BRCA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase mutation skews cells toward a glycolytic metabolic profile while elevating Oct1 protein. CRISPR-mediated Oct1 deletion reverts the glycolytic phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) confirms deregulation of metabolic genes downstream of Oct1. BRCA1 mediates Oct1 ubiquitylation and degradation, and mutation of two ubiquitylated Oct1 lysines insulates the protein against BRCA1-mediated destabilization. Oct1 deletion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells does not perturb growth in standard culture, but inhibits growth in soft agar and xenograft assays. In primary breast cancer clinical specimens, Oct1 protein levels correlate positively with tumor aggressiveness and inversely with BRCA1. These results identify BRCA1 as an Oct1 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes Oct1 degradation to promote oxidative metabolism and restrict tumorigenicity. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 439-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vázquez-Arreguín
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jessica Maddox
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jinsuk Kang
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Reuben R Cano
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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88
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Hassan Z, Schneeweis C, Wirth M, Veltkamp C, Dantes Z, Feuerecker B, Ceyhan GO, Knauer SK, Weichert W, Schmid RM, Stauber R, Arlt A, Krämer OH, Rad R, Reichert M, Saur D, Schneider G. MTOR inhibitor-based combination therapies for pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:366-377. [PMID: 29384525 PMCID: PMC5808033 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) kinase, included in the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signalling hubs, has been demonstrated to be active in a significant fraction of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the value of the kinase as a therapeutic target needs further clarification. Methods: We used Mtor floxed mice to analyse the function of the kinase in context of the pancreas at the genetic level. Using a dual-recombinase system, which is based on the flippase-FRT (Flp-FRT) and Cre-loxP recombination technologies, we generated a novel cellular model, allowing the genetic analysis of MTOR functions in tumour maintenance. Cross-species validation and pharmacological intervention studies were used to recapitulate genetic data in human models, including primary human 3D PDAC cultures. Results: Genetic deletion of the Mtor gene in the pancreas results in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. In established murine PDAC cells, MTOR is linked to metabolic pathways and maintains the glucose uptake and growth. Importantly, blocking MTOR genetically as well as pharmacologically results in adaptive rewiring of oncogenic signalling with activation of canonical extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT pathways. We provide evidence that interfering with such adaptive signalling in murine and human PDAC models is important in a subgroup. Conclusions: Our data suggest developing dual MTORC1/TORC2 inhibitor-based therapies for subtype-specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonera Hassan
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Christian Schneeweis
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Veltkamp
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Roland Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dieter Saur
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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89
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Wang L, Guo W, Ma J, Dai W, Liu L, Guo S, Chen J, Wang H, Yang Y, Yi X, Wang G, Gao T, Zhu G, Li C. Aberrant SIRT6 expression contributes to melanoma growth: Role of the autophagy paradox and IGF-AKT signaling. Autophagy 2017; 14:518-533. [PMID: 29215322 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1384886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most life-threatening cancers. The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Recently, dysregulated macroautophagy/autophagy has been found to play a critical but inconsistent role in modulating melanoma growth at different stages, with the regulatory mechanism unclear. The histone deacetylase SIRT6 (sirtuin 6) is a known autophagy regulator, and its involvement in cancer development has been reported. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of SIRT6 in melanoma growth and detect its possible link with autophagy in the current study. We initially observed that the expression of SIRT6 decreased in primary melanoma but increased in metastatic melanoma compared with melanocytic nevus. Notably, the expression of SIRT6 was significantly correlated with the expression of autophagy biomarkers including MAP1LC3/LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, SIRT6 suppressed the growth of primary melanoma but promoted metastatic melanoma development in an autophagy-dependent way in vitro. Moreover, SIRT6 exerted its regulation on melanoma growth via the IGF-AKT signaling pathway, and the intervention of AKT could partly reverse the effects of SIRT6 on melanoma growth by regulating autophagy. At last, we determined the effects of SIRT6 on melanoma development in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the bimodal expression of SIRT6 at different melanoma stages plays a critical role in regulating melanoma growth through an autophagy-dependent manner, which indicates the potential of SIRT6 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Weinan Guo
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Jinyuan Ma
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Wei Dai
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Lin Liu
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Sen Guo
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Huina Wang
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Gang Wang
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Guannan Zhu
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
| | - Chunying Li
- a Department of Dermatology , Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi , China
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90
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Salomón T, Sibbersen C, Hansen J, Britz D, Svart MV, Voss TS, Møller N, Gregersen N, Jørgensen KA, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB, Johannsen M. Ketone Body Acetoacetate Buffers Methylglyoxal via a Non-enzymatic Conversion during Diabetic and Dietary Ketosis. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:935-943.e7. [PMID: 28820963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal is a ubiquitous and highly reactive metabolite known to be involved in aging- and diabetes-related diseases. If not detoxified by the endogenous glyoxalase system, it exerts its detrimental effects primarily by reacting with biopolymers such as DNA and proteins. We now demonstrate that during ketosis, another metabolic route is operative via direct non-enzymatic aldol reaction between methylglyoxal and the ketone body acetoacetate, leading to 3-hydroxyhexane-2,5-dione. This novel metabolite is present at a concentration of 10%-20% of the methylglyoxal level in the blood of insulin-starved patients. By employing a metabolite-alkyne-tagging strategy it is clarified that 3-hydroxyhexane-2,5-dione is further metabolized to non-glycating species in human blood. The discovery represents a new direction within non-enzymatic metabolism and within the use of alkyne-tagging for metabolism studies and it revitalizes acetoacetate as a competent endogenous carbon nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Salomón
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Dieter Britz
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mads Vandsted Svart
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark.
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91
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Griffin M, Scotto D, Josephs DH, Mele S, Crescioli S, Bax HJ, Pellizzari G, Wynne MD, Nakamura M, Hoffmann RM, Ilieva KM, Cheung A, Spicer JF, Papa S, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. BRAF inhibitors: resistance and the promise of combination treatments for melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78174-78192. [PMID: 29100459 PMCID: PMC5652848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of mutations in the gene encoding the serine/threonine-protein kinase, BRAF, and constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in around 50% of malignant melanomas have led to the development and regulatory approval of targeted pathway inhibitor drugs. A proportion of patients are intrinsically resistant to BRAF inhibitors, and most patients who initially respond, acquire resistance within months. In this review, we discuss pathway inhibitors and their mechanisms of resistance, and we focus on numerous efforts to improve clinical benefits through combining agents with disparate modes of action, including combinations with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. We discuss the merits of combination strategies based on enhancing immune responses or overcoming tumor-associated immune escape mechanisms. Emerging insights into mechanisms of action, resistance pathways and their impact on host-tumor relationships will inform the design of optimal combinations therapies to improve outcomes for patients who currently do not benefit from recent treatment breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merope Griffin
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Daniele Scotto
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
- Research Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
- Research Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
- Research Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Matthew D. Wynne
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Ricarda M. Hoffmann
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Kristina M. Ilieva
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - James F. Spicer
- Research Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- Research Oncology, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
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92
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Luo W, Qin L, Li B, Liao Z, Liang J, Xiao X, Xiao X, Mo Y, Huang G, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Li P. Inactivation of HMGCL promotes proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppressing oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11954. [PMID: 28931870 PMCID: PMC5607293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is considered as a hallmark of cancer. Here we investigated expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) 2 lyase (HMGCL), an essential enzyme in ketogenesis, which produces ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids to supply energy, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The expression of HMGCL was silenced in NPC tissue. Downregulation of HMGCL in NPC was associated with low intracellular β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) production, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Ectopic expression of HMGCL restored β-HB level, associated with suppressed proliferation and colony formation of NPC cells in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. HMGCL suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro via mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Furthermore, extracellular β-HB supply suppressed the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. Both intra- and extracellular β-HB exerting a suppressive role in NPC depends on ROS generation. Ketogenesis may be impaired in NPC cells due to lack of HMGCL expression, suggesting that it may be a promising target in NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiezhen Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiling Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxi Mo
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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93
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Oliveira ÉAD, Lima DSD, Cardozo LE, Souza GFD, de Souza N, Alves-Fernandes DK, Faião-Flores F, Quincoces JAP, Barros SBDM, Nakaya HI, Monteiro G, Maria-Engler SS. Toxicogenomic and bioinformatics platforms to identify key molecular mechanisms of a curcumin-analogue DM-1 toxicity in melanoma cells. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:178-187. [PMID: 28882690 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly invasive and metastatic cancer with high mortality rates and chemoresistance. Around 50% of melanomas are driven by activating mutations in BRAF that has led to the development of potent anti-BRAF inhibitors. However resistance to anti-BRAF therapy usually develops within a few months and consequently there is a need to identify alternative therapies that will bypass BRAF inhibitor resistance. The curcumin analogue DM-1 (sodium 4-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-penta-1,4-dienyl]-2-methoxy-phenolate) has substantial anti-tumor activity in melanoma, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we use a synthetic lethal genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify 211 genes implicated in sensitivity to DM-1 toxicity. From these 211 genes, 74 had close human orthologues implicated in oxidative phosphorylation, insulin signaling and iron and RNA metabolism. Further analysis identified 7 target genes (ADK, ATP6V0B, PEMT, TOP1, ZFP36, ZFP36L1, ZFP36L2) with differential expression during melanoma progression implicated in regulation of tumor progression, cell differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Of these TOP1 and ADK were regulated by DM-1 in treatment-naïve and vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells respectively. These data reveal that the anticancer effect of curcumin analogues is likely to be mediated via multiple targets and identify several genes that represent candidates for combinatorial targeting in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Aparecida de Oliveira
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogenes Saulo de Lima
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Esteves Cardozo
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nayane de Souza
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Kristina Alves-Fernandes
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Faião-Flores
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Berlanga de Moraes Barros
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Biochemical Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Skin Biology Group, Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, FCF/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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94
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Kim WJ, Kim J. Looking to the metabolic landscapes for prostate health monitoring. Prostate Int 2017; 5:85-88. [PMID: 28828350 PMCID: PMC5551909 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism is a widely accepted biological signature of prostatic diseases, including prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Recently accumulated epidemiological and experimental evidence illustrate that the metabolic syndrome, impaired mitochondrial function, and prostatic pathological conditions intersect. The perturbed metabolism and metabolic mediates influence key signaling pathways in various prostatic pathological conditions. This short review article aids to highlight recent findings on metabolism, metabolic mechanisms, and mitochondrial metabolism as a possible route to finding a cure for prostate diseases, including prostate cancer. The effort to better understand the role that mitochondria plays in cancer metabolism and the biological meaning of defective and/or deleted mitochondrial DNA in cancer will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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95
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Zhao L, Fan J, Xia S, Pan Y, Liu S, Qian G, Qian Z, Kang HB, Arbiser JL, Pollack BP, Kudchadkar RR, Lawson DH, Rossi M, Abdel-Wahab O, Merghoub T, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Boise LH, Lonial S, Chen F, Chen J, Lin R. HMG-CoA synthase 1 is a synthetic lethal partner of BRAF V600E in human cancers. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10142-10152. [PMID: 28468827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Contributions of metabolic changes to cancer development and maintenance have received increasing attention in recent years. Although many human cancers share similar metabolic alterations, it remains unclear whether oncogene-specific metabolic alterations are required for tumor development. Using an RNAi-based screen targeting the majority of the known metabolic proteins, we recently found that oncogenic BRAFV600E up-regulates HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), which converts HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and a ketone body, acetoacetate, that selectively enhances BRAFV600E-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancer. Here, we identified HMG-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), the upstream ketogenic enzyme of HMGCL, as an additional "synthetic lethal" partner of BRAFV600E Although HMGCS1 expression did not correlate with BRAFV600E mutation in human melanoma cells, HMGCS1 was selectively important for proliferation of BRAFV600E-positive melanoma and colon cancer cells but not control cells harboring active N/KRAS mutants, and stable knockdown of HMGCS1 only attenuated colony formation and tumor growth potential of BRAFV600E melanoma cells. Moreover, cytosolic HMGCS1 that co-localized with HMGCL and BRAFV600E was more important than the mitochondrial HMGCS2 isoform in BRAFV600E-expressing cancer cells in terms of acetoacetate production. Interestingly, HMGCL knockdown did not affect HMGCS1 expression levels, whereas HMGCS1 knockdown caused a compensating increase in HMGCL protein level because of attenuated protein degradation. However, this increase did not reverse the reduced ketogenesis in HMGCS1 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, HMGCS1 inhibition decreased intracellular acetoacetate levels, leading to reduced BRAFV600E-MEK1 binding and consequent MEK1 activation. We conclude that the ketogenic HMGCS1-HMGCL-acetoacetate axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for managing BRAFV600E-positive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Fan
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Siyuan Xia
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shuangping Liu
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Guoqing Qian
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- the Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
| | - Brian P Pollack
- the Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
| | - Ragini R Kudchadkar
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - David H Lawson
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Michael Rossi
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, and
| | - Taha Merghoub
- the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, and
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sagar Lonial
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Fangping Chen
- the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,
| | - Ruiting Lin
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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96
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Holmquist EF, B Keiding U, Kold-Christensen R, Salomón T, Jørgensen KA, Kristensen P, Poulsen TB, Johannsen M. ReactELISA: Monitoring a Carbon Nucleophilic Metabolite by ELISA-a Study of Lipid Metabolism. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5066-5071. [PMID: 28376300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We here present a conceptually novel reaction-based ELISA principle (ReactELISA) for quantitation of the carbon nucleophilic lipid metabolite acetoacetate. Key to the assay is the utilization of a highly chemoselective Friedländer reaction that captures and simultaneously stabilizes the nucleophilic metabolite directly in the biological matrix. By developing a bifunctional biotinylated capture probe, the Friedländer-acetoacetate adduct can be trapped and purified directly in streptavidin coated wells. Finally, we outline the selection and refinement of a highly selective recombinant antibody for specific adduct quantitation. The setup is very robust and, as we demonstrate via miniaturization for microplate format, amenable for screening of compounds or interventions that alter lipid metabolism in liver cell cultures. The assay-principle should be extendable to quantitation of other nucleophilic or electrophilic and perhaps even more reactive metabolites provided suitable capture probes and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil F Holmquist
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrik B Keiding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kold-Christensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Salomón
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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97
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Thompson N, Adams DJ, Ranzani M. Synthetic lethality: emerging targets and opportunities in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:183-193. [PMID: 28097822 PMCID: PMC5396340 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the treatment of melanoma through use of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. One approach that has not been fully explored is synthetic lethality, which exploits somatically acquired changes, usually driver mutations, to specifically kill tumour cells. We outline the various approaches that may be applied to identify synthetic lethal interactions and define how these interactions may drive drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Thompson
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marco Ranzani
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
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98
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Iommarini L, Ghelli A, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Mitochondrial metabolism and energy sensing in tumor progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:582-590. [PMID: 28213331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is pivotal for cell fate since metabolic regulation, cell proliferation and death are strongly dependent on the balance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. In particular, metabolic and energetic changes have been observed in cancer cells even before the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, but have been neglected for a long time. Instead, during the past 20years a renaissance of the study of tumor metabolism has led to a revised and more accurate sight of the metabolic landscape of cancer cells. In this scenario, genetic, biochemical and clinical evidences place mitochondria as key actors in cancer metabolic restructuring, not only because there are energy and biosynthetic intermediates manufacturers, but also because occurrence of mutations in metabolic enzymes encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA has been associated to different types of cancer. Here we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms modulating mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis in the intriguing scenario of neoplastic cells, focusing on the double-edged role of 5'-AMP activated protein kinase in cancer metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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99
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Xia S, Lin R, Jin L, Zhao L, Kang HB, Pan Y, Liu S, Qian G, Qian Z, Konstantakou E, Zhang B, Dong JT, Chung YR, Abdel-Wahab O, Merghoub T, Zhou L, Kudchadkar RR, Lawson DH, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Boise LH, Lonial S, Lee BH, Pollack BP, Arbiser JL, Fan J, Lei QY, Chen J. Prevention of Dietary-Fat-Fueled Ketogenesis Attenuates BRAF V600E Tumor Growth. Cell Metab 2017; 25:358-373. [PMID: 28089569 PMCID: PMC5299059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, including diet, play an important role in the survival of cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenic links between diet and particular oncogenic mutations in human cancers remain unclear. We recently reported that the ketone body acetoacetate selectively enhances BRAF V600E mutant-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancers. Here we show that a high-fat ketogenic diet increased serum levels of acetoacetate, leading to enhanced tumor growth potential of BRAF V600E-expressing human melanoma cells in xenograft mice. Treatment with hypolipidemic agents to lower circulating acetoacetate levels or an inhibitory homolog of acetoacetate, dehydroacetic acid, to antagonize acetoacetate-BRAF V600E binding attenuated BRAF V600E tumor growth. These findings reveal a signaling basis underlying a pathogenic role of dietary fat in BRAF V600E-expressing melanoma, providing insights into the design of conceptualized "precision diets" that may prevent or delay tumor progression based on an individual's specific oncogenic mutation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ruiting Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Evmorfia Konstantakou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Taha Merghoub
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ragini R Kudchadkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David H Lawson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Abstract
Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and organism performance in varying nutrient states and protect from inflammation and injury in multiple organ systems. Traditionally viewed as metabolic substrates enlisted only in carbohydrate restriction, observations underscore the importance of ketone bodies as vital metabolic and signaling mediators when carbohydrates are abundant. Complementing a repertoire of known therapeutic options for diseases of the nervous system, prospective roles for ketone bodies in cancer have arisen, as have intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular disease. Controversies in ketone metabolism and signaling are discussed to reconcile classical dogma with contemporary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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