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Cross-sectional association between vitamin B12 status and probable postpartum depression in Indian women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33596868 PMCID: PMC7890831 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient for neurological function, as it leads to the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine, which is precursor of biologically active molecule S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM). Pregnancy is a state of increased demand and delayed postpartum repletion of nutrients may predispose women to depression. METHODS We included women who visited the hospital at 6-weeks postpartum for a regular checkup. Inclusion criteria were age (18-50 years), and willingness to donate venous sample for analysis. Exclusion criteria included previous history of mood disorders or antidepressant medication use, and any systemic illness like hypothyroidism, epilepsy, diabetes, and hypertension. Based on EPDS score of 10 as a cutoff, 217 women with probable postpartum depression (PPD) and equal number of age and BMI matched controls were included. Plasma total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin (holotc), homocysteine (hcy), methyl malonic acid (MMA), 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (THF), SAM and serotonin levels were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits. Combined B12 (cB12) score was calculated from study parameters. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the risk of probable postpartum depression. RESULTS Total vitamin B12 and combined B12 score were found to be significantly lower (p = 0.001) and MMA (p = 0.002) and 5-methyl THF (p < 0.001) levels were higher in women with probable depression than women without probable PPD. Women in the lowest vitamin B12 quartile had 4.53 times higher likelihood of probable postpartum depression (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that decreasing vitamin B12 (OR = 0.394; 95% CI: 0.189-0.822) and cB12 (OR = 0.293; 95% CI: 0182-0.470) and increasing MMA (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.63-2.83) and 5-methyl THF levels (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.59-6.83) were significantly associated with the risk of probable PPD. CONCLUSION Low vitamin B12 may contribute to depressive symptoms in vulnerable postpartum period.
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Rzepka Z, Rok J, Maszczyk M, Beberok A, Hermanowicz JM, Pawlak D, Gryko D, Wrześniok D. Response of Human Glioblastoma Cells to Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Study Using the Non-Toxic Cobalamin Antagonist. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010069. [PMID: 33478021 PMCID: PMC7835758 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most important biological function of vitamin B12 is to accomplish DNA synthesis, which is necessary for cell division. Cobalamin deficiency may be especially acute for rapidly dividing cells, such as glioblastoma cells. Therefore, cobalamin antagonists offer a medicinal potential for developing anti-glioma agents. In the present study, we developed an in vitro model of cobalamin deficiency in glioblastoma cells. Long-term treatment of cells with the cobalamin analogue, hydroxycobalamin [c-lactam] (HCCL) was applied to induce an increase of hypocobalaminemia biomarker. Cytometric assays demonstrated that vitamin B12 promoted glioblastoma cells proliferation, whereas the treatment of cells with HCCL caused a dramatic inhibition of cell proliferation and an induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Vitamin B12 counteracted all the observed effects of HCCL. In the in silico study, we characterized the molecular interactions between HCCL and transcobalamin II (TCII). We have demonstrated that HCCL shares similar interactions with TCII as naturally occurring cobalamins and therefore may act as a competitive inhibitor of this key transporter protein. We assessed the impact of HCCL on the mortality or developmental malformations of zebrafish embryos. Collectively, our findings suggest that the use of cobalamin transport antagonists as potential anti-glioma agents would be worth exploring further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (J.R.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (J.R.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mateusz Maszczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (J.R.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (J.R.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (J.R.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-323-641-050
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Mizuno Y, Konishi S, Goto C, Yoshinaga J, Hidaka M, Imai H. Association between nutrient intake and telomere length in Japanese female university students. Biomarkers 2021; 26:138-145. [PMID: 33393836 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1871409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere length can be a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation indicating biological aging. Previous studies examined association of nutrient intake with telomere length targeting middle-aged and elderly individuals. This study examined whether dietary macro- and micronutrient intake was associated with telomere length in young females. METHODS Seventy-four Japanese young females (median (interquartile range) age was 19 (19 - 20) years) participated. We estimated their intake of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, essential elements, vitamins, fatty acids, and dietary fibre) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and measured telomere length (T/S ratio, the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single-copy gene number (S)) of DNA extracted from blood by qPCR. The association between telomere length and tertiles of nutrient intake were analysed. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) of telomere length was 0.70 (0.52 - 0.98). Vitamin A intake was positively associated with telomere length (tertile 1 vs. 2, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.42 [0.12, 0.71]; tertile 1 vs. 3, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.33 [0.04, 0.62]) after adjusting for covariates (age, BMI, passive smoking, and drinking). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variation in vitamin A intake might influence telomere attrition in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mikie Hidaka
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Imai
- Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Mehrpour O, Modi M, Mansouri B, Azadi NA, Nakhaee S, Amirabadi A, Anaei-Sarab G, Shirazi FM, Weiss ST. Comparison of Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Folic Acid Blood Levels in Plumbism Patients and Controls in Eastern Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:9-17. [PMID: 32207029 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood levels of folic acid, vitamin B12, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in patients with lead poisoning compared with control subjects in Eastern Iran. This analytical case-control study was conducted on 40 lead-poisoned patients who were referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand from 2018 to 2019. Blood samples were collected from an additional 40 individuals without lead poisoning as a control group. The results indicated that the mean vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folic acid levels for the case group were 356.5 ± 200.1 pg/ml, 24.38 ± 9.5 ng/ml, and 7.4 ± 3.7 ng/ml, respectively. Mean folic acid level in the case group was significantly lower than control group (7.4 ng/ml vs. 12.70 pg/ml, P = 0.001), whereas the mean of the vitamin D levels at the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (24.3 ng/ml vs. 20.1 ng/ml, P = 0.03). Moreover, mean vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the case group in comparison with the control group (356.5 pg/ml vs. 500.8 pg/ml) (P < 0.001). In the control group, 3 patients had folic acid below normal level (< 6 ng/mL) while 12 cases had folic acid below normal (P < 0.05). Also, none of the control group had low vitamin B12 concentrations (< 180 pg/ml), while 7 cases had vitamin b12 below normal (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that lead may induce folate and vitamin B12 dysregulation. Although we found that vitamin D levels were insufficient in both case and control groups, they were significantly higher in the case group. The interpretation of this result is unclear given inconsistent literature reports on this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health & Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Marzieh Modi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nemam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Amirabadi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Anaei-Sarab
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farshad M Shirazi
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie T Weiss
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Addiction Medicine Program, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Stopper H, Bankoglu EE, Marcos R, Pastor S. Micronucleus frequency in chronic kidney disease patients: A review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108340. [PMID: 33339580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a gradual loss of renal function progressing from very mild damage, with no obvious symptoms in stage one, to complete kidney failure in stage five, which ultimately requires kidney replacement therapy by organ transplantation or dialysis. Cancer incidence and other health problems, mainly diabetes and hypertension, are elevated in CKD, ultimately leading to elevated mortality. METHODS A literature search on the induction of micronuclei (MN) as endpoint for genomic damage in white blood cells and buccal mucosa cells of CKD patients was conducted. Possible associations with disease stage, treatment modalities, and vitamin or antioxidant supplementations were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 26 studies were enclosed in the data analysis. Patient groups in the predialysis or hemodialysis state of the disease exhibit higher levels of genomic damage, measured as micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells, than healthy control groups. Genomic damage seems to increase with the disease stage during the predialysis phase. The association with dialysis regimens or with years on dialysis is less clear, but there are indications that efficient removal of uremic toxins is beneficial. Patients with CKD receive a variety of medications, some of which could modulate genomic damage levels and thus contribute to the observed heterogeneity. In addition, supplementation with vitamins or antioxidants may in some cases lower the genomic damage. Meta-Analysis confirmed the high and significant levels of genomic damage present in CKD patients compared to matched healthy controls. CONCLUSION Genomic damage, as measured by the MN frequency, is elevated in CKD patients. Different strategies, including supplementation with antioxidants and optimizing dialysis processes, can reduce the levels of genomic damage and the different associated pathologies. Whether MN frequency can in the future also be used to assist in certain therapeutic decisions in CKD will have to be investigated further in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pastor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Genomic instability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using the micronucleus assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108344. [PMID: 34083053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tissues are highly susceptible to diseases due to the constant exposure to physical and chemical airborne pollutants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are among the most common causes of serious illness and death worldwide. The inflammatory environment associated with these respiratory diseases has long been accepted as the major player in the development of airway abnormalities. The presence and relevance of DNA damage and genomic instability makes the micronucleus assay a suitable candidate to quantitatively estimate these early pathogenetic events. A systematic review and meta-analysis were planned to determine underlying common mechanisms that can explain the relationships between COPD and lung cancer. A total of 17 studies from Jan 1999 to Dec 2019 comparing micronucleus frequency in patients affected by respiratory diseases vs healthy controls were analysed. Our results confirmed the presence of significant association between MN frequency and the diseases investigated, and suggested a circle of events linking inflammation induced oxidative stress to the risk of disease through genomic instability and hypoxia. Therefore, using non-invasive, robust and cost effective genomic instability assays such as the micronucleus assay, would allow us to capture unique phenotypic and biological changes that would allow the identification of subjects at high risk of developing lung diseases and improve early detection strategies.
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Xiu Y, Field MS. The Roles of Mitochondrial Folate Metabolism in Supporting Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Cellular Function. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa153. [PMID: 33134792 PMCID: PMC7584446 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is compartmentalized within human cells to the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. The recent identifications of mitochondria-specific, folate-dependent thymidylate [deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP)] synthesis together with discoveries indicating the critical role of mitochondrial FOCM in cancer progression have renewed interest in understanding this metabolic pathway. The goal of this narrative review is to summarize recent advances in the field of one-carbon metabolism, with an emphasis on the biological importance of mitochondrial FOCM in maintaining mitochondrial DNA integrity and mitochondrial function, as well as the reprogramming of mitochondrial FOCM in cancer. Elucidation of the roles and regulation of mitochondrial FOCM will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying folate-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Xiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Hikmat O, Naess K, Engvall M, Klingenberg C, Rasmussen M, Tallaksen CME, Samsonsen C, Brodtkorb E, Ostergaard E, de Coo R, Pias-Peleteiro L, Isohanni P, Uusimaa J, Darin N, Rahman S, Bindoff LA. The impact of gender, puberty, and pregnancy in patients with POLG disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2019-2025. [PMID: 32949115 PMCID: PMC7545595 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the impact of gender, puberty, and pregnancy on the expression of POLG disease, one of the most common mitochondrial diseases known. Methods Clinical, laboratory, and genetic data were collected retrospectively from 155 patients with genetically confirmed POLG disease recruited from seven European countries. We used the available data to study the impact of gender, puberty, and pregnancy on disease onset and deterioration. Results We found that disease onset early in life was common in both sexes but there was also a second peak in females around the time of puberty. Further, pregnancy had a negative impact with 10 of 14 women (71%) experiencing disease onset or deterioration during pregnancy. Interpretation Gender clearly influences the expression of POLG disease. While onset very early in life was common in both males and females, puberty in females appeared associated both with disease onset and increased disease activity. Further, both disease onset and deterioration, including seizure aggravation and status epilepticus, appeared to be associated with pregnancy. Thus, whereas disease activity appears maximal early in life with no subsequent peaks in males, both menarche and pregnancy appear associated with disease onset or worsening in females. This suggests that hormonal changes may be a modulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hikmat
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karin Naess
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Engvall
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Magnhild Rasmussen
- Women and Children's Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chantal M E Tallaksen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Samsonsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eylert Brodtkorb
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elsebet Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene de Coo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
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Machalska E, Zajac G, Gruca A, Zobi F, Baranska M, Kaczor A. Resonance Raman Optical Activity Shows Unusual Structural Sensitivity for Systems in Resonance with Multiple Excited States: Vitamin B 12 Case. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5037-5043. [PMID: 32502349 PMCID: PMC7588133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, cobalamins with different upper axial substituents and a cobalamin derivative with a ring modification were studied using chiroptical spectroscopies, in particular resonance Raman optical activity (RROA), to shed light on the influence of structural modifications on RROA spectra in these strongly chiral systems in resonance with multiple excited states at 532 nm excitation. We have demonstrated that for these unique systems RROA possesses augmented structural specificity, surpassing resonance Raman spectroscopy and enabling at the same time measurement of cobalamins at fairy low concentrations of ∼10-5 mol dm-3. The enhanced structural specificity of RROA is a result of bisignate spectra due to resonance via more than one electronic state. The observation of increased structural capability of RROA for cobalamins opens a new perspective for studying chiral properties of other biological systems incorporating d-metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Machalska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zajac
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Anna Gruca
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
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Galiè S, Canudas S, Muralidharan J, García-Gavilán J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Impact of Nutrition on Telomere Health: Systematic Review of Observational Cohort Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:576-601. [PMID: 31688893 PMCID: PMC7231592 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, but also in a lower total mortality and longer life expectancy. One of the mechanisms in which diet can reduce the risk of disease is with regard to its impact on telomeres. Telomere length (TL) is highly correlated to chronological age and metabolic status. Individuals with shorter telomeres are at higher risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Diet may influence TL by several mechanisms such as regulating oxidative stress and inflammation or modulating epigenetic reactions. The present systematic review aims to examine the results from epidemiologic and clinical trials conducted in humans evaluating the role of nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns on TL. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of action that influence this process, with the perspective that TL could be a novel biomarker indicating the risk of metabolic disturbances and age-related diseases. The available evidence suggests that some antioxidant nutrients, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and Mediterranean diet are mainly associated with longer telomeres. However, most of the evidence is based on high heterogenic observational studies and very few randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Therefore, the associations summarized in the present review need to be confirmed with larger prospective cohort studies and better-designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galiè
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to MB (e-mail: )
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JS-S (e-mail: )
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Mohsenzadegan M, Kourosh Arami M, Oshaghi M, Sedigh Maroufi S. A review of the effects of the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide on the immune system; a starting point for future experiences. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:179-186. [PMID: 32131654 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1735412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide is a common gas used as an anesthetic agent and analgesic medication in operating rooms. The gas inhibits vitamin B12 dependent-methionine synthase, which converts L-homocysteine and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to L-methionine and tetrahydrofolate, respectively, via a methylation process. The immune system has been frequently reported to be suppressed in anesthetized subjects during the postoperative period. Although previous reviews have focused on the pathophysiologic role of nitrous oxide, none of them has considered the harmful effects of nitrous oxide on the Defense system of the host. In this article, the authors review current studies on the effects of nitrous oxide on the immune system of both patients undergoing surgery and occupational exposure, as well as preclinical studies. Moreover, this paper opens a new horizon for future studies in the context of underlying mechanisms of nitrous oxide actions on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh Arami
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnam Sedigh Maroufi
- Department of Anesthetics, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Metagenomic and Metaproteomic Insights into Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic Interactions in a Synechococcus Culture. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03261-19. [PMID: 32071270 PMCID: PMC7029141 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03261-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high complexity of in situ ecosystems renders it difficult to study marine microbial photoautotroph-heterotroph interactions. Two-member coculture systems of picocyanobacteria and single heterotrophic bacterial strains have been thoroughly investigated. However, in situ interactions comprise far more diverse heterotrophic bacterial associations with single photoautotrophic organisms. In the present study, combined metagenomic and metaproteomic data supplied the metabolic potentials and activities of uncultured dominant bacterial populations in the coculture system. The results of this study shed light on the nature of interactions between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs, improving our understanding of the complexity of in situ environments. Microbial photoautotroph-heterotroph interactions underlie marine food webs and shape ecosystem diversity and structure in upper ocean environments. Here, bacterial community composition, lifestyle preference, and genomic- and proteomic-level metabolic characteristics were investigated for an open ocean Synechococcus ecotype and its associated heterotrophs over 91 days of cocultivation. The associated heterotrophic bacterial assembly mostly constituted five classes, including Flavobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Phycisphaerae, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. The seven most abundant taxa/genera comprised >90% of the total heterotrophic bacterial community, and five of these displayed distinct lifestyle preferences (free-living or attached) and responses to Synechococcus growth phases. Six high-quality genomes, including Synechococcus and the five dominant heterotrophic bacteria, were reconstructed. The only primary producer of the coculture system, Synechococcus, displayed metabolic processes primarily involved in inorganic nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and organic matter biosynthesis and release. Two of the flavobacterial populations, Muricauda and Winogradskyella, and an SM1A02 population, displayed preferences for initial degradation of complex compounds and biopolymers, as evinced by high abundances of TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs), glycoside hydrolase, and peptidase proteins. Polysaccharide utilization loci present in the flavobacterial genomes influence their lifestyle preferences and close associations with phytoplankton. In contrast, the alphaproteobacterium Oricola sp. population mainly utilized low-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through ATP-binding cassette (ABC), tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP), and tripartite tricarboxylate transporter (TTT) transport systems. The heterotrophic bacterial populations exhibited complementary mechanisms for degrading Synechococcus-derived organic matter and driving nutrient cycling. In addition to nutrient exchange, removal of reactive oxygen species and vitamin trafficking might also contribute to the maintenance of the Synechococcus-heterotroph coculture system and the interactions shaping the system.
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Grützner N, Opriessnig T, Lopes R, Suchodolski JS, Nathues H, Steiner JM. Assessment of folate and cobalamin concentrations in relation to their dependent intracellular metabolites in serum of pigs between 6 and 26 weeks of age. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:59-67. [PMID: 32145458 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) play an important role in amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, and methyl group transfer. Two intracellular enzymes, methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, are folate and/or cobalamin-dependent, respectively. At the cellular level, a lack of folate and cobalamin leads to accumulation of serum homocysteine (HCY) and a lack of cobalamin leads to increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations. Altered serum HCY and MMA concentrations can influence amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis in pigs. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum folate, cobalamin, HCY, and MMA concentrations in postweaning pigs between 6 and 26 weeks of age. Serum samples from 12 pigs collected at week 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 as part of an unrelated study were analyzed. Serum folate (p < .0001), cobalamin (p = .0001), HCY (p < .0001), and MMA (p < .0001) concentrations differed significantly during the postweaning period between 6 and 26 weeks of age; with significantly higher serum HCY (at weeks 6 and 7 compared to weeks 9, 14, 18, 22, and 26) and MMA concentrations (at weeks 6, 7, and 8 compared to weeks 14, 18, 22, and 26) and an overall decrease of serum MMA concentrations from week 6 to week 14 in the pigs studied. This study suggests age-dependent changes in intracellular folate- and cobalamin-dependent metabolites (i.e., HCY and MMA) in pigs between 6 and 26 weeks of age, possibly reflecting decreased availability of intracellular folate and/or cobalamin for amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, and methyl group transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grützner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Clinic for Swine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, BE, CH, Switzerland; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), SA, GER, Germany.
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Rosana Lopes
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Heiko Nathues
- Clinic for Swine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, BE, CH, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Wang Z, Zhi K, Ding Z, Sun Y, Li S, Li M, Pu K, Zou J. Emergence in protein derived nanomedicine as anticancer therapeutics: More than a tour de force. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:77-90. [PMID: 31962173 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has thwarted as a major health problem affecting the global population. With an alarming increase in the patient population suffering from diverse varieties of cancers, the global demographic data predicts sharp escalation in the number of cancer patients. This can be expected to reach 420 million cases by 2025. Among the diverse types of cancers, the most frequently diagnosed cancers are the breast, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer. From years, conventional treatment approaches like surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been practiced. In the past few years, increasing research on molecular level diagnosis and treatment of cancers have significantly changed the realm of cancer treatment. Lately, uses of advanced chemotherapy and immunotherapy like treatments have gained significant progress in the cancer therapy, but these approaches have several limitations on their safety and toxicity. This has generated lot of momentum for the evolution of new drug delivery approaches for the effective delivery of anticancer therapeutics, which may improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of the drugs along with significant reduction in the side effects. In this regard, the protein-based nano-medicines have gained wider attention in the management of cancer. Proteins are organic macromolecules essential, for life and have quite well explored in developing the nano-carriers. Furthermore, it provides passive or active tumour cell targeted delivery, by using protein based nanovesicles or virus like structures, antibody drug conjugates, viral particles, etc. Moreover, by utilizing various formulation strategies, both the animal and plant derived proteins can be converted to produce self-assembled virus like nano-metric structures with high efficiency in targeting the metastatic cancer cells. Therefore, the present review extensively discusses the applications of protein-based nano-medicine with special emphasis on intracellular delivery/drug targeting ability for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Spleen, Stomach and Liver Diseases, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi, Nanning, 530201, China
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- General Surgery, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 214023, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Oncology Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, Jiamu, 154003, China
| | - Manyuan Li
- Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Maternal and Infant Hospital, Liaoning, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Kefeng Pu
- Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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Simamora RH, Loebis B, Husada MS, Effendy E. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Male Patients with Schizophrenia Predominant Negative Symptoms. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180620142607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of
the world’s population. Particularly, negative symptoms are frequently resistant and are the main contributors
to the disability on schizophrenia patients. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation is the
safe and affordable approach, which can significantly improve the outcome on the patients with residual
symptoms.
Objectives:
We aimed to understand the difference of negative subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome
Scale (PANSS) Score on patients with schizophrenia who receive risperidone with the addition
folic acid and Vitamin B12 and patients who receive only risperidone after 6 weeks.
Methods:
This study is a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test designs that are divided into two
groups, they are group receiving risperidone with the addition of folic acid and vitamin B12 and the
group receiving only risperidone. Diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the International Classification
of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria and negative symptoms assessed by using negative subscale of
PANSS Scores are observed. Statistical analysis is conducted using Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS) software.
Results:
There was a significant difference in the mean score of negative-scale PANSS scores at the
end of week 6 between the group receiving folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and the group
receiving only risperidone with p = 0.002; p <0.05.
Conclusion:
Folic acid and vitamin B12 Supplementation provide benefits to patients schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Hanani Simamora
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Bahagia Loebis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Surya Husada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Elmeida Effendy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Praveen G, Shalini T, Sivaprasad M, Reddy GB. Relative telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number variation with age: Association with plasma folate and vitamin B12. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:79-87. [PMID: 31935457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Telomere attrition and mitochondrial DNA variations are implicated in the biological aging process and genomic stability can be influenced by nutritional factors. This study aims to analyze the relative telomere length (rTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) in aged individuals and their association with plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. This community-based cross-sectional study involves 428 subjects (<60 years: 242 & ≥60 years: 186). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure rTL and mtCN variation, and radioimmunoassay to measure plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. The subjects in the ≥60 years age group have significantly shorter telomeres and lower mtCN compared to the <60 years age group. A significant positive correlation was observed between the rTL and mtCN, and both of them were positively associated with plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. In the ≥60 age group; folate and vitamin B12 positively correlated with rTL and vitamin B12 with mtCN. The study revealed a decline of rTL and mtCN with age in the Indian population and their association suggests that they may co-regulate each other with age. In conclusion, folate and vitamin B12 may delay aging by preventing the reduction in rTL length and mtCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruvaiah Praveen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tattari Shalini
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mudili Sivaprasad
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Scarpato R, Testi S, Colosimo V, Garcia Crespo C, Micheli C, Azzarà A, Tozzi MG, Ghirri P. Role of oxidative stress, genome damage and DNA methylation as determinants of pathological conditions in the newborn: an overview from conception to early neonatal stage. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bernacki DT, Bryce SM, Bemis JC, Dertinger SD, Witt KL, Smith‐Roe SL. Evidence for an Aneugenic Mechanism of Action for Micronucleus Induction by Black Cohosh Extract. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:845-856. [PMID: 31569270 PMCID: PMC6900087 DOI: 10.1002/em.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black cohosh extract (BCE) is a popular botanical dietary supplement marketed to relieve symptoms of various gynecological ailments. Studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) showed that BCE induces micronucleated erythrocytes in female rats and mice. Subsequently, the NTP showed that a variety of BCEs, including the sample that induced micronuclei (MN) in vivo ("NTP BCE") had a similar effect in human TK6 cells. Further testing with the MultiFlow® DNA Damage Assay revealed that TK6 cells exposed to NTP BCE, as well as a BCE reference material (BC XRM), exhibited a signature consistent with aneugenic activity in TK6 cells. Results from experiments reported herein confirmed these in vitro observations with NTP BCE and BC XRM. We extended these studies to include a novel test system, the MultiFlow Aneugen Molecular Mechanism Assay. For these experiments, TK6 cells were exposed to NTP BCE and BC XRM over a range of concentrations in the presence of fluorescent Taxol (488 Taxol). After 4 h, nuclei from lysed cells were stained with a nucleic acid dye and labeled with fluorescent antibodies against phospho-histone H3 (p-H3) and Ki-67. Whereas BCEs did not affect p-H3:Ki-67 ratios (a signature of aneugenic mitotic kinase inhibitors), 488 Taxol-associated fluorescence (a tubulin binder-sensitive endpoint) was affected. More specifically, 488 Taxol-associated fluorescence was reduced over the same concentration range that was previously observed to induce MN. These results provide direct evidence that BCEs destabilize microtubules in vitro, and this is the molecular mechanism responsible for the aneugenicity findings. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
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Liu Z, Zhao L, Man Q, Wang J, Zhao W, Zhang J. Dietary Micronutrients Intake Status among Chinese Elderly People Living at Home: Data from CNNHS 2010-2012. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1787. [PMID: 31382399 PMCID: PMC6722721 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the status of usual dietary micronutrient intakes among Chinese elderly living at home. The data was based on China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010-2012. We analyzed data from the participants aged 60-year-old and more (n = 16,612) living at home, who provided dietary data on three days 24 h dietary survey combining with the household weighing method. The means and distribution percentiles for usual intakes of dietary micronutrients were estimated using the Multiple Source Method (MSM). The prevalence of inadequacy for the selected micronutrients was expressed using the proportion of individuals with usual intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). For vitamin E, sodium and potassium, the means and the distribution of intakes were compared to the Adequate Intake (AI) level. Usual dietary intakes of most micronutrients were inadequate in the participants, especially folate, calcium, vitamin B6 and vitamin B2, with the prevalence of inadequacy more than 90%. However, dietary sodium intake was extremely high with an average usual intake of 4702 mg/day. The usual dietary intakes of all selected micronutrients in old males were higher than females, and the prevalence of inadequacy of most micronutrients was higher in old women (p < 0.01). The subjects aged 60-74 years tended to have higher usual dietary micronutrient intakes and lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrients than those aged 75 years and over (p < 0.01). Higher usual dietary intakes and lower prevalence of inadequacy of most micronutrients were found in the elderly living in the southern region (p < 0.01). The average usual intakes of most micronutrients declined with socioeconomic status. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin A, B2, C, calcium and selenium below EAR increased with socioeconomic status (p < 0.01, p for trend < 0.01). Thus, essential micronutrients insufficient intake is a public health concern among Chinese community-dwelling old population, especially the females, older people, the elderly in undeveloped areas or living in northern regions. Nutrition education and appropriate approach should be undertaken to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingzhong Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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70
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Lee S. Human serum albumin: A nanomedicine platform targeting breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bonassi S, Fenech M. Micronuclei and Their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013604-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a strong cytogenetic indicator of a catastrophic change in the genetic structure and stability of a cell because they originate from either chromosome breaks or whole chromosomes that have been lost from the main nucleus during cell division. The resulting genetic abnormalities can to lead to cellular malfunction, altered gene expression and impaired regenerative capacity. Furthermore, MN are increased as a consequence of genetic defects in DNA repair, deficiency in micronutrients required for DNA replication and repair and exposure to genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet or ionising radiation. For all of these reasons, the measurement of MN has become one of the best-established methods to measure DNA damage in humans at the cytogenetic level. This chapter is a narrative review of the current evidence for the association of increased MN frequency with developmental and degenerative diseases. In addition, important knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies required to consolidate the evidence are provided. The great majority of published studies show a significant association of increased MN in lymphocytes and/or buccal cells with infertility, pregnancy complications, developmental defects, anaemias, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the strongest evidence is from prospective studies showing that MN frequency in lymphocytes predicts cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Association of Folate and Vitamins Involved in the 1-Carbon Cycle with Polymorphisms in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene (MTHFR) and Global DNA Methylation in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061368. [PMID: 31216671 PMCID: PMC6627304 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, and betaine are nutrients involved in the 1-carbon cycle that can alter the levels of DNA methylation and influence genesis and/or tumor progression. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of folate and vitamins involved in the 1-carbon cycle and MTHFR polymorphisms in global DNA methylation in patients with colorectal cancer gene. The study included 189 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma answering a clinical evaluation questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) validated for patients with colon and rectal cancer. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of MTHFR gene polymorphisms in global DNA methylation in blood and in tumor. The values for serum folate were positively correlated with the equivalent total dietary folate (total DFE) (rho = 0.51, p = 0.03) and global DNA methylation (rho = 0.20, p = 0.03). Individuals aged over 61 years (p = 0.01) in clinicopathological staging III and IV (p = 0.01) and with + heterozygous mutated homozygous genotypes for the MTHFR A1298C gene had higher levels of global DNA methylation (p = 0.04). The association between dietary intake of folate, serum folate, and tumor stage were predictive of global DNA methylation in patients’ blood. The levels of serum folate, the dietary folate and the status of DNA methylation can influence clinicopathological staging.
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Subclinical inflammation, telomere shortening, homocysteine, vitamin B6, and mortality: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1399-1411. [PMID: 31129702 PMCID: PMC7230054 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Short telomeres and B vitamin deficiencies have been proposed as risk factors for age-related diseases and mortality that interact through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, available data to support this concept are insufficient. We aimed to investigate the predictive role of B vitamins and homocysteine (HCY) for mortality in cardiovascular patients. We explored potential relationships between HCY, B vitamins, relative telomere length (RTL), and indices of inflammation. Methods Vitamin B6, HCY, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and RTL were measured in participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. Death events were recorded over a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Results All-cause mortality increased with higher concentrations of HCY and lower vitamin B6. Patients in the 4th quartile of HCY and vitamin B6 had hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality of 2.77 (95% CI 2.28–3.37) and 0.41(95% CI 0.33–0.49), respectively, and for cardiovascular mortality of 2.78 (95% CI 2.29–3.39) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.33–0.49), respectively, compared to those in the 1st quartile. Multiple adjustments for confounders did not change these results. HCY and vitamin B6 correlated with age-corrected RTL (r = − 0.086, p < 0.001; r = 0.04, p = 0.031, respectively), IL-6 (r = 0.148, p < 0.001; r = − 0.249, p < 0.001, respectively), and hs-CRP (r = 0.101, p < 0.001; r = − 0.320, p < 0.001, respectively). Subjects with the longest telomeres had a significantly higher concentration of vitamin B6, but lower concentrations of HCY, IL-6, and hs-CRP. Multiple regression analyses identified HCY as an independent negative predictor of age-corrected RTL. Conclusions In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin B6 deficiency are risk factors for death from any cause. Hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin B6 deficiency correlate with increased mortality. This correlation might, at least partially, be explained by accelerated telomere shortening induced by oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in these circumstances. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-01993-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Devineni SR, Madduri TR, Chamarthi NR, Liu CQ, Pavuluri CM. An efficient microwave-promoted three-component synthesis of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines catalyzed by SiO2–ZnBr2 and antimicrobial activity evaluation. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ströhle A, Richter M, González‐Gross M, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Wagner K, Leschik‐Bonnet E, Egert S. The Revised D-A-CH-Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B 12 : Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801178. [PMID: 30657638 PMCID: PMC6590120 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland are the joint editors of the "D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake", which are revised regularly. METHODS AND RESULTS By reviewing vitamin-B12 -related biomarker studies, the reference values for vitamin B12 were revised in 2018. For adults, the estimated intake is based on the adequate serum concentrations of holotranscobalamin and methylmalonic acid. The estimated values for children and adolescents are extrapolated from the adult reference value by considering differences in body mass, an allometric exponent, and growth factors. For infants below 4 months of age, an estimated value is set based on the vitamin B12 intake via breast milk. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the fetus and for loss via breast milk. The estimated values for vitamin B12 intake for infants, children, and adolescents range from 0.5 to 4.0 µg d-1 . For adults, the estimated values are set at 4.0 µg d-1 , and for pregnant and lactating women, they are set at 4.5 and 5.5 µg d-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the data of several vitamin B12 status biomarkers studies, the reference value for vitamin B12 intake for adults is raised from 3.0 to 4.0 µg d-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ströhle
- Institute of Food Science and Human NutritionLeibniz University HannoverAm Kleinen Felde 3030167HannoverGermany
| | - Margrit Richter
- German Nutrition Society (DGE)Godesberger Allee 1853175BonnGermany
| | - Marcela González‐Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversidad Politécnica de Madridc/ Martín Fierro 728040MadridSpain
| | | | - Karl‐Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | | | - Sarah Egert
- German Nutrition Society (DGE)Godesberger Allee 1853175BonnGermany
- Institute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstr. 1270599StuttgartGermany
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Zhai C, Cui M, Cheng X, Ao X, Zhao T, Wu W, Shao Q, Ge D, Song H, Qi F, Ling Q, Ma M, Xu M, Jiao D. Vitamin B12 Levels in Methamphetamine Addicts. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:320. [PMID: 30618670 PMCID: PMC6305445 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It has been established that reduced vitamin B12 serum levels are associated with cognitive decline and mental illness. The chronic use of methamphetamine (MA), which is a highly addictive drug, can induce cognitive impairment and psychopathological symptoms. There are few studies addressing the association of MA with vitamin B12 serum levels. This study examined whether the serum levels of B12 are associated with MA addiction. Methods: Serum vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured in 123 MA addicts and 108 controls. In addition, data were collected on their age, marital status, level of education and Body Mass Index (BMI) for all participants. In the patient group, the data for each subject were collected using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and a drug use history, which included the age of onset, total duration of MA use, the number of relapses and addiction severity. Results: Our results showed that MA addicts had lower vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.05) than those of healthy controls, but Hcy levels were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Serum B12 levels were negatively correlated with the number of relapses in the MA group. Furthermore, binary logistics regression analysis indicated that the B12 was an influencing factor contributing to addiction severity. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that some MA addicts might have vitamin B12 deficiency, and serum B12 levels may be involved in the prognosis of MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Cui
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Dexue Ge
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | | | - Fangzhi Qi
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiang Ling
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengdi Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dongliang Jiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Huang D, Cui L, Ahmed S, Zainab F, Wu Q, Wang X, Yuan Z. An overview of epigenetic agents and natural nutrition products targeting DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylases and microRNAs. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:574-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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78
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Kaur M, Hartling I, Burnett TA, Polsky LB, Donnan CR, Leclerc H, Veira D, Cerri RLA. Rumen-protected B vitamin complex supplementation during the transition period and early lactation alters endometrium mRNA expression on day 14 of gestation in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1642-1657. [PMID: 30580942 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Greater metabolic demands in high-producing dairy cows are believed to be a cause of sub-fertility in these animals. Previously, supplementation with vitamin B complex molecules has shown benefits in improving milk production, health, and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. The primary aim of this project was to determine the effects of rumen-protected vitamin B complex supplementation of 100 g of Transition VB (Jefo, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) and 4 g of Lactation VB (VB; Jefo), during the transition and early lactation periods, respectively, compared with a control diet containing no supplementation on d 14 endometrial outcomes of pregnancy. In the vitamin B supplemented cows, we expect to see a change in the mark-up of endometrial genes important for embryo survival before implantation. Multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled into the study 3 wk before parturition and were randomly assigned to either the VB or control treatment. Twice-a-week blood samples, weekly milk samples, and daily feed intake were collected. Cows were enrolled onto a double-ovsynch protocol at 33 ± 3 d postpartum and inseminated by timed artificial insemination. Milk production and components, concentrations of BHB, haptoglobin, and progesterone in serum, and ovarian dynamics were also measured, but no treatment effect was observed. The uterus was flushed on d 14 after artificial insemination (around 72 DIM) for conceptus collection, and endometrial samples were collected at the same time. Overall, 42 cows were flushed and 13 embryos were collected. Analysis of mRNA expression of genes related to embryo development, immune system, adhesion, and regulation of vitamin B molecules showed that OXTR, MUC5B, MUC1, IL1B, SPP, TRD, FZD8, and FOLR1 genes were significantly upregulated in the VB group. Vitamin B supplementation had no effect on the size of the embryo and ovulatory follicle or corpus luteum diameter at embryo collection. In conclusion, the benefits of strategic dietary VB supplementation during the transition and early lactation might be directly linked to endometrial functions required for embryo survival during the peri-implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen Kaur
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan Hartling
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Tracy A Burnett
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Liam B Polsky
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Charlotte R Donnan
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | | | - Douglas Veira
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
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79
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Layden AJ, Täse K, Finkelstein JL. Neglected tropical diseases and vitamin B12: a review of the current evidence. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 112:423-435. [PMID: 30165408 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency is an urgent public health problem that disproportionately affects individuals in low- and middle-income settings, where the burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is also unacceptably high. Emerging evidence supports a potential role of micronutrients in modulating the risk and severity of NTDs. However, the role of vitamin B12 in NTD pathogenesis is unknown. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the evidence on the role of vitamin B12 in the etiology of NTDs. Ten studies were included in this review: one study using an in vitro/animal model, eight observational human studies and one ancillary analysis conducted within an intervention trial. Most research to date has focused on vitamin B12 status and helminthic infections. One study examined the effects of vitamin B12 interventions in NTDs in animal and in vitro models. Few prospective studies have been conducted to date to examine the role of vitamin B12 in NTDs. The limited literature in this area constrains our ability to make specific recommendations. Larger prospective human studies are needed to elucidate the role of vitamin B12 in NTD risk and severity in order to inform interventions in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristos Täse
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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80
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Gatica-Domínguez G, Rothenberg SJ, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas MDL, Schmidt RJ, López-Carrillo L. Child dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12 and their neurodevelopment at 24 and 30 months of age. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018; 60:388-394. [PMID: 30137940 DOI: 10.21149/8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether child dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12, is associated with mental and psychomotor development in Mexican children, respectively, at 24 and 30 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about neurodevelopment and dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12 at 24 and 30 months of age among 229 children belonging to a perinatal cohort was analyzed longitudinally. Dietary information was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and neurodevelopment by Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. RESULTS At 30 months of age, dietary folate intake was marginally associated with increased Mental Development Index (MDI) (b=8.33; 95%CI -0.48, 17.14; p=0.06). Nonsignificant positive associations of vitamin B12 with MDI were found. Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) was not associated with these nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Dietary folate intake in early childhood may benefit the mental development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María de Lourdes Schnaas
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California. Davis CA, USA
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Protective role of vitamin B6 (PLP) against DNA damage in Drosophila models of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11432. [PMID: 30061626 PMCID: PMC6065437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that improper intake of vitamin B6 increases cancer risk and several studies indicate that diabetic patients have a higher risk of developing tumors. We previously demonstrated that in Drosophila the deficiency of Pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, causes chromosome aberrations (CABs), one of cancer prerequisites, and increases hemolymph glucose content. Starting from these data we asked if it was possible to provide a link between the aforementioned studies. Thus, we tested the effect of low PLP levels on DNA integrity in diabetic cells. To this aim we generated two Drosophila models of type 2 diabetes, the first by impairing insulin signaling and the second by rearing flies in high sugar diet. We showed that glucose treatment induced CABs in diabetic individuals but not in controls. More interestingly, PLP deficiency caused high frequencies of CABs in both diabetic models demonstrating that hyperglycemia, combined to reduced PLP level, impairs DNA integrity. PLP-depleted diabetic cells accumulated Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) that largely contribute to CABs as α-lipoic acid, an AGE inhibitor, rescued not only AGEs but also CABs. These data, extrapolated to humans, indicate that low PLP levels, impacting on DNA integrity, may be considered one of the possible links between diabetes and cancer.
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82
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Kahl VFS, Dhillon V, Fenech M, de Souza MR, da Silva FN, Marroni NAP, Nunes EA, Cerchiaro G, Pedron T, Batista BL, Cappetta M, Mártinez-López W, Simon D, da Silva J. Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Tobacco Fields: The Integrated Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Susceptibility on Genomic and Epigenetic Instability. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7017423. [PMID: 29967663 PMCID: PMC6009020 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides used at tobacco fields are associated with genomic instability, which is proposed to be sensitive to nutritional intake and may also induce epigenetic changes. We evaluated the effect of dietary intake and genetic susceptibility polymorphisms in MTHFR (rs1801133) and TERT (rs2736100) genes on genomic and epigenetic instability in tobacco farmers. Farmers, when compared to a nonexposed group, showed increased levels of different parameters of DNA damage (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds), evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Telomere length (TL) measured by quantitative PCR was shorter in exposed individuals. Global DNA methylation was significantly decreased in tobacco farmers. The exposed group had lower dietary intake of fiber, but an increase in cholesterol; vitamins such as B6, B12, and C; β-carotene; and α-retinol. Several trace and ultratrace elements were found higher in farmers than in nonfarmers. The MTHFR CT/TT genotype influenced nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and TL in the exposed group, whereas TERT GT/TT only affected micronucleus frequency. We observed a positive correlation of TL and lipids and an inverse correlation of TL and fibers. The present data suggest an important role of dietary intake and subjects' genetic susceptibility to xenobiotics-induced damages and epigenetic alterations in tobacco farmers occupationally exposed to mixtures of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F. Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Nitzke da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Anair Possa Marroni
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology-Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Postgraduate Program in Biosystems, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pedron
- Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology/Chemistry, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology/Chemistry, Foundation Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Mónica Cappetta
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Genetics Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilner Mártinez-López
- Epigenetics and Genomic Instability Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001 Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Reinson K, Künnapas K, Kriisa A, Vals MA, Muru K, Õunap K. High incidence of low vitamin B12 levels in Estonian newborns. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:1-5. [PMID: 29387561 PMCID: PMC5772002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency seems to be more common worldwide than previously thought. However, only a few reports based on data from newborn screening (NBS) programs have drawn attention to that subject. In Estonia, over the past three years, we have diagnosed 14 newborns with congenital acquired vitamin B12 deficiency. Therefore, the incidence of that condition is 33.8/100,000 live births, which is considerably more than previously believed. None of the newborns had any clinical symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency before the treatment, and all biochemical markers normalized after treatment, which strongly supports the presence of treatable congenital deficiency of vitamin B12. During the screening period, we began using actively ratios of some metabolites like propionylcarnitine (C3) to acetylcarnitine (C2) and C3 to palmitoylcarnitine (C16) to improve the identification of newborns with acquired vitamin B12 deficiency. In the light of the results obtained, we will continue to screen the congenital acquired vitamin B12 deficiency among our NBS program. Every child with aberrant C3, C3/C2 and C3/C16 will be thoroughly examined to exclude acquired vitamin B12 deficiency, which can easily be corrected in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadi Künnapas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Kriisa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Anne Vals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Muru
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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Kasture VV, Sundrani DP, Joshi SR. Maternal one carbon metabolism through increased oxidative stress and disturbed angiogenesis can influence placental apoptosis in preeclampsia. Life Sci 2018; 206:61-69. [PMID: 29772225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adequate maternal nutrition is critical for a healthy pregnancy outcome and poor maternal nutrition is known to be associated with pregnancy complications like preeclampsia. We have earlier demonstrated that there is an imbalance in the levels of micronutrients (folate and vitamin B12) along with low levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and high homocysteine levels in women with preeclampsia. Homocysteine is known to be involved in the formation of free radicals leading to increased oxidative stress. Higher oxidative stress has been shown to be associated with increased apoptotic markers in the placenta. Preeclampsia is of placental origin and is associated with increased oxidative stress, disturbed angiogenesis and placental apoptosis. The process of angiogenesis is important for placental and fetal development and various angiogenic growth factors inhibit apoptosis by inactivation of proapoptotic proteins through a series of cellular signalling pathways. We propose that an altered one carbon cycle resulting in increased oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis will contribute to increased placental apoptosis leading to preeclampsia. Understanding the association of one carbon cycle components and the possible mechanisms through which they regulate apoptosis will provide clues for reducing risk of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali V Kasture
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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85
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The association between MTHFR polymorphism and cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7244. [PMID: 29740106 PMCID: PMC5940696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an extremely prevalent disease worldwide. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms or methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms and cervical cancer. There were 372 women who performed genetic and folic acid assessments. For the MTHFR C677T, there was no significant difference in the distribution of C allele and T allele in the three groups. However, the mutant C allele of MTHFR A1298C was significantly higher in the cancer group than in the normal group. Similarly, the mutant G allele of MTRR A66G was also higher than the normal group. The serum folic acid levels were gradually decreased with the development of cervical lesions. Serum folate levels in 4–9 ng/ml and ≤4 ng/ml were both significantly associated with cervical cancer risk. However, the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of cervical cancer or CIN. In contrast, the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism could increase the risk of both cervical cancer and CIN. In addition, the MTRR A66G polymorphism was only associated with the risk of cervical cancer but not CIN.
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Wang L, Abd El Hack ME, Swelum AA, Hao R, Yao J, Cao Y. Folate promotes S-adenosyl methionine reactions and the microbial methylation cycle and boosts ruminants production and reproduction. AMB Express 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29687201 PMCID: PMC5913057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate has gained significant attention due to its vital role in biological methylation and epigenetic machinery. Folate, or vitamin (B9), is only produced through a de novo mechanism by plants and micro-organisms in the rumen of mature animals. Although limited research has been conducted on folate in ruminants, it has been noted that ruminal synthesis could not maintain folate levels in high yielding dairy animals. Folate has an essential role in one-carbon metabolism and is a strong antiproliferative agent. Folate increases DNA stability, being crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, the methylation cycle, and preventing oxidation of DNA by free radicals. Folate is also critical for cell division, metabolism of proteins, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and increasing the de novo delivery of methyl groups and S-adenosylmethionine. However, in ruminants, metabolism of B12 and B9 vitamins are closely connected and utilization of folate by cells is significantly affected by B12 vitamin concentration. Supplementation of folate through diet, particularly in early lactation, enhanced metabolic efficiency, lactational performance, and nutritional quality of milk. Impaired absorption, oxidative degradation, or deficient supply of folate in ruminants affects DNA stability, cell division, homocysteine remethylation to methionine, de novo synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, and increases DNA hypomethylation, uracil misincorporation into DNA, chromosomal damage, abnormal cell growth, oxidative species, premature birth, low calf weight, placental tube defects, and decreases production and reproduction of ruminant animals. However, more studies are needed to overcome these problems and reduce enormous dietary supplement waste and impaired absorption of folate in ruminants. This review was aimed to highlight the vital role of folic acid in ruminants performance.
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87
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Ojeda L, Nogales F, Murillo L, Carreras O. The role of folic acid and selenium against oxidative damage from ethanol in early life programming: a review. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:178-188. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There are disorders in children, covered by the umbrella term “fetal alcohol spectrum disorder” (FASD), that occur as result of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation. They appear, at least in part, to be related to the oxidative stress generated by ethanol. Ethanol metabolism generates reactive oxygen species and depletes the antioxidant molecule glutathione (GSH), leading to oxidative stress and lipid and protein damage, which are related to growth retardation and neurotoxicity, thereby increasing the incidence of FASD. Furthermore, prenatal and postnatal exposure to ethanol in dams, as well as increasing oxidation in offspring, causes malnutrition of several micronutrients such as the antioxidant folic acid and selenium (Se), affecting their metabolism and bodily distribution. Although abstinence from alcohol is the only way to prevent FASD, it is possible to reduce its harmful effects with a maternal dietary antioxidant therapy. In this review, folic acid and Se have been chosen to be analyzed as antioxidant intervention systems related to FASD because, like ethanol, they act on the methionine metabolic cycle, being related to the endogenous antioxidants GSH and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, several birth defects are related to poor folate and Se status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Luisa Murillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
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88
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Siddiqui MS, Francois M, Hecker J, Faunt J, Fenech MF, Leifert WR. γH2AX is increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer's disease patients in the South Australian Neurodegeneration, Nutrition and DNA Damage (SAND) study of aging. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 829-830:6-18. [PMID: 29704994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An early cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks is the phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form γH2AX. Although increased levels of γH2AX have been reported in neuronal nuclei of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, γH2AX responses in the lymphocytes of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD remain unexplored. In this study, the endogenous γH2AX level was measured, using laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and visual scoring, in lymphocyte nuclei from MCI (n = 18), or AD (n = 20) patients and healthy controls (n = 40). Levels were significantly elevated in nuclei of the AD group compared to the MCI and control groups, and there was a concomitant increase, with a significant trend, from the control group through MCI to the AD group. A significant negative correlation was seen between γH2AX and the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score, when the analysis included all subjects. Receiver Operation Characteristic curves were carried out for different γH2AX parameters; visually scored percent cells containing overlapping γH2AX foci displayed the best area under the curve value of 0.9081 with 85% sensitivity and 92% specificity for the identification of AD patients versus control. Plasma homocysteine, creatinine, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) were positively correlated with lymphocyte γH2AX signals, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was negatively correlated. Finally, there was a diminished γH2AX response to X-rays in lymphocytes of the MCI and AD groups compared to the control group. Our results indicate that lymphocyte γH2AX levels are a potential marker for identifying individuals at increased risk of developing AD. Prospective studies with normal healthy individuals are needed to test whether there is indeed a link between γH2AX levels and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabbir Siddiqui
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Maxime Francois
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael F Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Wayne R Leifert
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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89
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The effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide under distinct folic acid conditions: An in vitro study using cultured human trophoblast-derived cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:33-42. [PMID: 29425713 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by high maternal blood pressure, fetal growth restriction and intrauterine hypoxia. Folic acid is a vitamin required during pregnancy. In this work, we investigated the relationship between preeclampsia and the intake of distinct doses of folic acid during pregnancy. Considering that preeclampsia is associated with increased placental oxidative stress levels, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH) in human trophoblast-derived cells cultured upon deficient/low, physiological and supra-physiological folic acid levels. The negative effect of TBH upon thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total, reduced and oxidized glutathione, cell viability, cell proliferation, culture growth and cell migration was more marked under folic acid excess. This study suggests more attention on the dose administered, and ultimately, on the overall folic acid levels during pregnancy, in the context of preeclampsia risk.
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90
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Tavakoli Shirazi P, Leifert WR, Fenech MF, François M. Folate modulates guanine-quadruplex frequency and DNA damage in Werner syndrome. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 826:47-52. [PMID: 29412869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-quadruplexes (G4) are stable tetra-stranded DNA structures that may cause DNA replication stress and inhibit gene expression. Defects in unwinding these structures by DNA helicases may result in telomere shortening and DNA damage. Furthermore, due to mutations in WRN helicase genes in Werner syndrome, G4 motifs are likely to be key elements in the expression of premature aging phenotypes. The methylation of DNA plays a significant role in the stability and occurrence of G4. Thus, G4 frequency and DNA methylation mechanisms may be affected by excesses or deficiencies in methyl donors such as folate. B-Lymphocytes from Werner patients (n = 5) and healthy individuals (n = 5) were cultured in RPMI medium under condition of folate deficiency (20 nM) or sufficiency (200 nM) for 14 days. Cells were fixed on microscope slides for immunofluorescent staining to measure G4 frequency and γH2AX (a marker of DNA strand breaks) intensity, using automated quantitative imaging fluorescent microscopy. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in G4 levels in Werner syndrome patients compared to healthy controls. Werner and control cells grown in 20 nM folate media also showed significant increases in G4 (p < 0.001) and γH2AX (p < 0.01) signals compared with the same cells grown in 200 nM folate. Control cells grown in 20 nM folate also showed a significant reduction in DNA methylation levels (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the occurrence of DNA G4 structures can be modulated in vitro via nutrients with important roles in methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Tavakoli Shirazi
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Personalised Nutrition & Healthy Ageing, Gate 13, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; University of Adelaide, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Wayne Richard Leifert
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Personalised Nutrition & Healthy Ageing, Gate 13, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; University of Adelaide, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Michael Felix Fenech
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Personalised Nutrition & Healthy Ageing, Gate 13, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Maxime François
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Personalised Nutrition & Healthy Ageing, Gate 13, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; University of Adelaide, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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91
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Strakovsky RS, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Pan YX. Epigenetic Regulation of Centromere Chromatin Stability by Dietary and Environmental Factors. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:889-904. [PMID: 29141972 PMCID: PMC5683002 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.016402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The centromere is a genomic locus required for the segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. This chromosomal region together with pericentromeres has been found to be susceptible to damage, and thus the perturbation of the centromere could lead to the development of aneuploidic events. Metabolic abnormalities that underlie the generation of cancer include inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle deregulation, and numerous others. The micronucleus assay, an early clinical marker of cancer, has been shown to provide a reliable measure of genotoxic damage that may signal cancer initiation. In the current review, we will discuss the events that lead to micronucleus formation and centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin instability, as well transcripts emanating from these regions, which were previously thought to be inactive. Studies were selected in PubMed if they reported the effects of nutritional status (macro- and micronutrients) or environmental toxicant exposure on micronucleus frequency or any other chromosomal abnormality in humans, animals, or cell models. Mounting evidence from epidemiologic, environmental, and nutritional studies provides a novel perspective on the origination of aneuploidic events. Although substantial evidence exists describing the role that nutritional status and environmental toxicants have on the generation of micronuclei and other nuclear aberrations, limited information is available to describe the importance of macro- and micronutrients on centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin stability. Moving forward, studies that specifically address the direct link between nutritional status, excess, or deficiency and the epigenetic regulation of the centromere will provide much needed insight into the nutritional and environmental regulation of this chromosomal region and the initiation of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition,,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL; and
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92
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Fenech M. Vitamins Associated with Brain Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:958-970. [PMID: 29141977 PMCID: PMC5682999 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to preventing brain aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer disease (AD) via vitamin intake is first to understand molecular mechanisms, then to deduce relevant biomarkers, and subsequently to test the level of evidence for the impact of vitamins in the relevant pathways and their modulation of dementia risk. This narrative review infers information on mechanisms from gene and metabolic defects associated with MCI and AD, and assesses the role of vitamins using recent results from animal and human studies. Current evidence suggests that all known vitamins and some "quasi-vitamins" are involved as cofactors or influence ≥1 of the 6 key sets of pathways or pathologies associated with MCI or AD, relating to 1) 1-carbon metabolism, 2) DNA damage and repair, 3) mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism, 4) lipid and phospholipid metabolism and myelination, 5) neurotransmitter synthesis and synaptogenesis, and 6) amyloidosis and Tau protein phosphorylation. The contemporary level of evidence for each of the vitamins varies considerably, but it is notable that B vitamins are involved as cofactors in all of the core pathways or pathologies and, together with vitamins C and E, are consistently associated with a protective role against dementia. Outcomes from recent studies indicate that the efficacy and safety of supplementation with vitamins to prevent MCI and the early stages of AD will most likely depend on 1) which pathways are defective, 2) which vitamins are deficient and could correct the relevant metabolic defects, and 3) the modulating impact of nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-genotype interaction. More focus on a precision nutrition approach is required to realize the full potential of vitamin therapy in preventing dementia and to avoid causing harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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93
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One-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis as attractive targets for anticancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23955-23977. [PMID: 28177894 PMCID: PMC5410357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related metabolism has recently emerged as one of the “hallmarks of cancer”. It has several important features, including altered metabolism of glucose and glutamine. Importantly, altered cancer metabolism connects different biochemical pathways into the one fine-tuned metabolic network, which stimulates high proliferation rates and plasticity to malignant cells. Among the keystones of cancer metabolism are one-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis, which provide building blocks to anabolic reactions. Accordingly, the importance of these metabolic pathways for anticancer therapy has well been documented by more than fifty years of clinical use of specific metabolic inhibitors – methotrexate and nucleotides analogs. In this review we discuss one-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis as common and specific features of many, if not all, tumors. The key enzymes involved in these pathways also represent promising anti-cancer therapeutic targets. We review different aspects of these metabolic pathways including their biochemistry, compartmentalization and expression of the key enzymes and their regulation at different levels. We also discuss the effects of known inhibitors of these pathways as well as the recent data on other enzymes of the same pathways as perspective pharmacological targets.
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94
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Fernandes SP, Kvitko K, da Silva J, Rohr P, Bandinelli E, Kahl VF, Mai C, Brenner N, da Silva FR. Influence of vitamin intake and MTHFR polymorphism on the levels of DNA damage in tobacco farmers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 23:311-318. [PMID: 30052162 PMCID: PMC6147114 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2018.1500796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic damage may occur spontaneously under normal metabolic circumstances, inadequate intake of nutrients, and excessive exposure to environmental mutagens. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of the intake of micronutrients vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate and of the polymorphism methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T on the induction of DNA damage in tobacco farmers. METHODS The study involved 66 men and 44 women engaged in tobacco cultivation in the region of Venâncio Aires (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil). Peripheral blood samples were collected to analyze DNA damage using the Comet assay, the micronucleus (MN) test and MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Dietary intake was evaluated based on the mean values obtained from three 24-h diet recall questionnaires, and nutrient intake data were computerized and estimated in the Food Processor SQL 10.9 program. The statistical tests used to generate the stated results were Kruskal-Wallis test, Exact Fisher's test, and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS DNA damage was significantly higher in individuals who had an inadequate intake of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 (P < 0.01) assessed by Comet assay. In relation to MN test results, buccal cells showed MN frequency higher in individuals with inadequate intake of vitamin B6 (P < 0.01). No difference was observed in MN lymphocytes frequency. No significant association was detected between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and DNA damage in tobacco farmers. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 deficiency may be associated with genotoxic effect in individuals exposed to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P. Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis, Laureate International Universities, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Katia Kvitko
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Rohr
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Bandinelli
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vivian F. Kahl
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Camila Mai
- School of Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathália Brenner
- School of Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. da Silva
- Master’s Degree in Environmental Impact Evaluation, La Salle University, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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95
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Szalkai B, Grolmusz VK, Grolmusz VI. Identifying combinatorial biomarkers by association rule mining in the CAMD Alzheimer's database. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 73:300-307. [PMID: 28918286 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of combinatorial biomarkers was conceived when it was noticed that simple biomarkers are often inadequate for recognizing and characterizing complex diseases. Here we present an algorithmic search method for complex biomarkers which may predict or indicate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other kinds of dementia. We show that our method is universal since it can describe any Boolean function for biomarker discovery. We applied data mining techniques that are capable to uncover implication-like logical schemes with detailed quality scoring. The new SCARF program was applied for the Tucson, Arizona based Critical Path Institute's CAMD database, containing laboratory and cognitive test data for 5821 patients from the placebo arm of clinical trials of large pharmaceutical companies, and consequently, the data is much more reliable than numerous other databases for dementia. The results of our study on this larger than 5800-patient cohort suggest beneficial effects of high B12 vitamin level, negative effects of high sodium levels or high AST (aspartate aminotransferase) liver enzyme levels to cognition. As an example for a more complex and quite surprising rule: Low or normal blood glucose level with either low cholesterol or high serum sodium would also increase the probability of bad cognition with a 3.7 multiplier. The source code of the new SCARF program is publicly available at http://pitgroup.org/static/scarf.zip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Szalkai
- PIT Bioinformatics Group, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Vince K Grolmusz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary..
| | - Vince I Grolmusz
- PIT Bioinformatics Group, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Uratim Ltd., H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
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96
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Desai M, Chauhan JB. Computational analysis for the determination of deleterious nsSNPs in human MTHFD1 gene. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 70:7-14. [PMID: 28734179 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common genetic polymorphisms and play a major role in many inherited diseases. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) is one of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism. In the present study, the functional and structural consequences of nsSNPs of human MTHFD1 gene was analyzed using various computational tools like SIFT, PolyPhen2, PANTHER, PROVEAN, SNAP2, nsSNPAnalyzer, PhD-SNP, SNPs&GO, I-Mutant, MuPro, ConSurf, InterPro, NCBI Conserved Domain Search tool, ModPred, SPARKS-X, RAMPAGE, FT Site and PyMol. Out of 327 nsSNPs form human MTHFD1 gene, total 45 SNPs were predicted as functionally most significant SNPs, among which 17 were highly conserved and functional, 17 were highly conserved and structural residues. Among 45 most significant SNPs, 15 were predicted to be involved in post translational modifications. The p.Gly165Arg may interfere in homodimer interface formation. The p.Asn439Lys and p.Asp445Asn may interfere in binding interactions of MTHFD1 protein with cesium cation and potassium. The two SNPs (p.Asp562Gly and p.Gly637Cys) might interfere in interactions of MTHFD1 with ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Desai
- Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Science (ARIBAS), Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, New Vallabh Vidyanagar 388121, Gujarat, India.
| | - J B Chauhan
- Department of Genetics, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Science (ARIBAS), Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, New Vallabh Vidyanagar 388121, Gujarat, India.
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97
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Cora MC, Gwinn W, Wilson R, King D, Waidyanatha S, Kissling GE, Brar SS, Olivera D, Blystone C, Travlos G. A Black Cohosh Extract Causes Hematologic and Biochemical Changes Consistent with a Functional Cobalamin Deficiency in Female B6C3F1/N Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:614-623. [PMID: 28618975 PMCID: PMC5544593 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317714343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black cohosh rhizome, available as a dietary supplement, is most commonly marketed as a remedy for dysmenorrhea and menopausal symptoms. A previous subchronic toxicity study of black cohosh dried ethanolic extract (BCE) in female mice revealed a dose-dependent ineffective erythropoiesis with a macrocytosis consistent with the condition known as megaloblastic anemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms by which BCE induces these particular hematological changes. B6C3F1/N female mice (32/group) were exposed by gavage to vehicle or 1,000 mg/kg BCE for 92 days. Blood samples were analyzed for hematology, renal and hepatic clinical chemistry, serum folate and cobalamin, red blood cell (RBC) folate, and plasma homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA). Folate levels were measured in liver and kidney. Hematological changes included decreased RBC count; increased mean corpuscular volume; and decreased reticulocyte, white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. Blood smear evaluation revealed increased Howell-Jolly bodies and occasional basophilic stippling in treated animals. Plasma homocysteine and MMA concentrations were increased in treated animals. Under the conditions of our study, BCE administration caused hematological and clinical chemistry changes consistent with a functional cobalamin, and possibly folate, deficiency. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism by which BCE causes increases in homocysteine and MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Cora
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Gwinn
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph Wilson
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra King
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- 2 Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sukhdev S Brar
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dorian Olivera
- 3 Alion Science and Technology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chad Blystone
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Greg Travlos
- 1 Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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98
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Cantarella CD, Ragusa D, Giammanco M, Tosi S. Folate deficiency as predisposing factor for childhood leukaemia: a review of the literature. GENES & NUTRITION 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28588742 PMCID: PMC5455200 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid and its derivates, known as folates, are chemoprotective micronutrients of great interest because of their essential role in the maintenance of health and genomic integrity. The supplementation of folic acid during pregnancy has long been known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the foetus. Folate metabolism can be altered by many factors, including adequate intake through diet. Folate deficiency can compromise the synthesis, repair and methylation of DNA, with deleterious consequences on genomic stability and gene expression. These processes are known to be altered in chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. MAIN BODY This review focuses on the association between folate intake and the risk of childhood leukaemia. Having compiled and analysed studies from the literature, we show the documented effects of folates on the genome and their role in cancer prevention and progression with particular emphasis on DNA methylation modifications. These changes are of crucial importance during pregnancy, as maternal diet has a profound impact on the metabolic and physiological functions of the foetus and the susceptibility to disease in later life. Folate deficiency is capable of modifying the methylation status of certain genes at birth in both animals and humans, with potential pathogenic and tumorigenic effects on the progeny. Pre-existing genetic polymorphisms can modify the metabolic network of folates and influence the risk of cancer, including childhood leukaemias. The protective effects of folic acid might be dose dependent, as excessive folic acid could have the adverse effect of nourishing certain types of tumours. CONCLUSION Overall, maternal folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy seems to confer protection against the risk of childhood leukaemia in the offspring. The optimal folic acid requirements and supplementation doses need to be established, especially in conjunction with other vitamins in order to determine the most successful combinations of nutrients to maintain genomic health and wellbeing. Further research is therefore needed to uncover the role of maternal diet as a whole, as it represents a main factor capable of inducing permanent changes in the foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Daniela Cantarella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Denise Ragusa
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Marco Giammanco
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Leukocyte telomere length is linked to vascular risk factors not to Alzheimer's disease in the VITA study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:809-819. [PMID: 28393276 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Association of telomere shortening with overall dementia or Alzheimer's disease is described controversially and the pathophysiologic relevance is unclear. Whether patients, suffering from pure probable Alzheimer's disease or pure vascular dementia, have shorter leukocyte telomeres than cognitively healthy controls was determined. Leukocyte telomere lengths (LTLs) of 597 participants of the VITA study (longitudinal community-based age-cohort [mean 75.7 (±0.45) years] study: 243 male; 578 non-demented at baseline) were compared with different aspects of cognition, risk factors of dementia and survival. LTLs of 264 persons cognitively healthy at baseline (mild cognitive impaired excluded) and all follow-ups (mean = 5643 bp, SD = 736) did not show any difference to LTLs of 43 incident pure possible (mean = 5548 bp; SD = 666) or 34 incident pure probable Alzheimer's diseases (mean = 5712 bp; SD = 695; post hoc Dunnett test: MD = -95; SE = 119; p = 0.67 and MD =+68.3; SE = 132; p = 0.84, res.). 264 stably cognitively healthy showed a trend to longer telomeres than 6 incident vascular dementias (mean = 5643 bp, SD = 736 vs mean = 5101 bp, SD = 510; t test: T = 1.8; df = 268; p = 0.07). Males (n = 243; mean = 5470 bp; SD = 684) had significantly shorter telomeres than females (n = 354; mean = 5686 bp; SD = 714; t test: T = -3.7; df = 595; p = 0.0001) and died significantly earlier (113.7 vs 130.1 months: Log Rank Chi square = 12.2; p = 0.0001). Shorter telomeres were associated with prevalence of more than one vascular risk factor (n = 587; mean = 5728; SD = 723 vs mean = 5533; SD = 691; t test: T = 3.1; df = 576; p = 0.002) and, as a trend, with poorer survival (Cox Regression: Wald = 4.9; p = 0.026; OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99). In 75.7 years old persons, no association of LTL with incident pure Alzheimer's disease was found. Significantly shorter telomeres were associated with sum of vascular risk factors, males and early mortality in males. Exclusion of mixed dementias may improve the search for risk factors more specific for Alzheimer's disease.
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Baker BC, Mackie FL, Lean SC, Greenwood SL, Heazell AEP, Forbes K, Jones RL. Placental dysfunction is associated with altered microRNA expression in pregnant women with low folate status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28105727 PMCID: PMC5573923 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Low maternal folate status during pregnancy increases the risk of delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants, but the mechanistic link between maternal folate status, SGA, and placental dysfunction is unknown. microRNAs (miRNAs) are altered in pregnancy pathologies and by folate in other systems. We hypothesized that low maternal folate status causes placental dysfunction, mediated by altered miRNA expression. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective observational study recruited pregnant adolescents and assessed third trimester folate status and placental function. miRNA array, QPCR, and bioinformatics identified placental miRNAs and target genes. Low maternal folate status is associated with higher incidence of SGA infants (28% versus 13%, p < 0.05) and placental dysfunction, including elevated trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis (p < 0.001), reduced amino acid transport (p < 0.01), and altered placental hormones (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, progesterone, and human placental lactogen). miR-222-3p, miR-141-3p, and miR-34b-5p were upregulated by low folate status (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics predicted a gene network regulating cell turnover. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that key genes in this network (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2, v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6) were reduced (p < 0.05) in placentas with low maternal folate status. CONCLUSION This study supports that placental dysfunction contributes to impaired fetal growth in women with low folate status and suggests altered placental expression of folate-sensitive miRNAs and target genes as a mechanistic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette C Baker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona L Mackie
- Centre of Women's and Newborn's Health & Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samantha C Lean
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Karen Forbes
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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