51
|
Hammer MF, Sprissler R, Bina RW, Lau B, Johnstone L, Walter CM, Labiner DM, Weinand ME. Altered expression of signaling pathways regulating neuronal excitability in hippocampal tissue of temporal lobe epilepsy patients with low and high seizure frequency. Epilepsy Res 2019; 155:106145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
52
|
Diering GH, Huganir RL. The AMPA Receptor Code of Synaptic Plasticity. Neuron 2019; 100:314-329. [PMID: 30359599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the properties and postsynaptic abundance of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are major mechanisms underlying various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and homeostatic scaling. The function and the trafficking of AMPARs to and from synapses is modulated by specific AMPAR GluA1-GluA4 subunits, subunit-specific protein interactors, auxiliary subunits, and posttranslational modifications. Layers of regulation are added to AMPAR tetramers through these different interactions and modifications, increasing the computational power of synapses. Here we review the reliance of synaptic plasticity on AMPAR variants and propose "the AMPAR code" as a conceptual framework. The AMPAR code suggests that AMPAR variants will be predictive of the types and extent of synaptic plasticity that can occur and that a hierarchy exists such that certain AMPARs will be disproportionally recruited to synapses during LTP/homeostatic scaling up, or removed during LTD/homeostatic scaling down.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Diering
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Buonarati OR, Hammes EA, Watson JF, Greger IH, Hell JW. Mechanisms of postsynaptic localization of AMPA-type glutamate receptors and their regulation during long-term potentiation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/562/eaar6889. [PMID: 30600260 PMCID: PMC7175813 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
l-Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, with postsynaptic responses to its release predominantly mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). A critical component of synaptic plasticity involves changes in the number of responding postsynaptic receptors, which are dynamically recruited to and anchored at postsynaptic sites. Emerging findings continue to shed new light on molecular mechanisms that mediate AMPAR postsynaptic trafficking and localization. Accordingly, unconventional secretory trafficking of AMPARs occurs in dendrites, from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the ER-Golgi intermediary compartment directly to recycling endosomes, independent of the Golgi apparatus. Upon exocytosis, AMPARs diffuse in the plasma membrane to reach the postsynaptic site, where they are trapped to contribute to transmission. This trapping occurs through a combination of both intracellular interactions, such as TARP (transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein) binding to α-actinin-stabilized PSD-95, and extracellular interactions through the receptor amino-terminal domain. These anchoring mechanisms may facilitate precise receptor positioning with respect to glutamate release sites to enable efficient synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8636, USA
| | - Erik A. Hammes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8636, USA
| | - Jake F. Watson
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ingo H. Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8636, USA,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Fossati G, Pozzi D, Canzi A, Mirabella F, Valentino S, Morini R, Ghirardini E, Filipello F, Moretti M, Gotti C, Annis DS, Mosher DF, Garlanda C, Bottazzi B, Taraboletti G, Mantovani A, Matteoli M, Menna E. Pentraxin 3 regulates synaptic function by inducing AMPA receptor clustering via ECM remodeling and β1-integrin. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899529. [PMID: 30396995 PMCID: PMC6315291 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of synapse number and function in the developing central nervous system is critical to the formation of neural circuits. Astrocytes play a key role in this process by releasing factors that promote the formation of excitatory synapses. Astrocyte‐secreted thrombospondins (TSPs) induce the formation of structural synapses, which however remain post‐synaptically silent, suggesting that completion of early synaptogenesis may require a two‐step mechanism. Here, we show that the humoral innate immune molecule Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is expressed in the developing rodent brain. PTX3 plays a key role in promoting functionally‐active CNS synapses, by increasing the surface levels and synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors. This process involves tumor necrosis factor‐induced protein 6 (TSG6), remodeling of the perineuronal network, and a β1‐integrin/ERK pathway. Furthermore, PTX3 activity is regulated by TSP1, which directly interacts with the N‐terminal region of PTX3. These data unveil a fundamental role of PTX3 in promoting the first wave of synaptogenesis, and show that interplay of TSP1 and PTX3 sets the proper balance between synaptic growth and synapse function in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Canzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Valentino
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morini
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Ghirardini
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabia Filipello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Douglas S Annis
- Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy .,Institute of Neuroscience - CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy .,Institute of Neuroscience - CNR, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chang S, Bok P, Tsai CY, Sun CP, Liu H, Deussing JM, Huang GJ. NPTX2 is a key component in the regulation of anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1943-1953. [PMID: 29844474 PMCID: PMC6046040 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders significantly impair quality of life. However, limited knowledge of the underlying mechanisms impedes the development of effective therapeutics. Previous studies have suggested that the expression of the Nptx2 gene is associated with anxiety, but the neurobiological processes underlying this association remain unclear. We generated multiple mouse models with knockout or overexpression of Nptx2 in specific brain regions and during different developmental stages to assess anxiety, adult neurogenesis, and glucocorticoid-related gene expression. Our results provide evidence that Nptx2 expression in the adult hippocampus regulates anxiety in mice. Eliminating Nptx2 expression in either the developing mouse brain or in adulthood leads to increased anxiety levels. The increase in anxiety was evident in hippocampus-specific Nptx2 knockout mice, but not in an amygdala specific knockouts. Gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor target genes in Nptx2 knockout mice after acute stress. Overexpression of Nptx2 in the hippocampus alleviates stress-induced anxious behaviors and reverses the changes in expression of glucocorticoid receptor related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Nptx2 in the hippocampus performs a critical role in modulating anxiety, hippocampal cell proliferation, and glucocorticoid receptor related gene expression. Our results suggest Nptx2 may be a potential target for anxiolytic therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang
- grid.145695.aDepartment and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Philane Bok
- grid.145695.aDepartment and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Liu
- grid.145695.aDepartment and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.aMolecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- 0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Muzyka VV, Brooks M, Badea TC. Postnatal developmental dynamics of cell type specification genes in Brn3a/Pou4f1 Retinal Ganglion Cells. Neural Dev 2018; 13:15. [PMID: 29958540 PMCID: PMC6025728 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20-30 distinct Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) types transmit visual information from the retina to the brain. The developmental mechanisms by which RGCs are specified are still largely unknown. Brn3a is a member of the Brn3/Pou4f transcription factor family, which contains key regulators of RGC postmitotic specification. In particular, Brn3a ablation results in the loss of RGCs with small, thick and dense dendritic arbors ('midget-like' RGCs), and morphological changes in other RGC subpopulations. To identify downstream molecular mechanisms underlying Brn3a effects on RGC numbers and morphology, our group recently performed a RNA deep sequencing screen for Brn3a transcriptional targets in mouse RGCs and identified 180 candidate transcripts. METHODS We now focus on a subset of 28 candidate genes encoding potential cell type determinant proteins. We validate and further define their retinal expression profile at five postnatal developmental time points between birth and adult stage, using in situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR and fluorescent immunodetection (IIF). RESULTS We find that a majority of candidate genes are enriched in the ganglion cell layer during early stages of postnatal development, but dynamically change their expression profile. We also document transcript-specific expression differences for two example candidates, using RT-PCR and ISH. Brn3a dependency could be confirmed by ISH and IIF only for a fraction of our candidates. CONCLUSIONS Amongst our candidate Brn3a target genes, a majority demonstrated ganglion cell layer specificity, however only around two thirds showed Brn3a dependency. Some were previously implicated in RGC type specification, while others have known physiological functions in RGCs. Only three genes were found to be consistently regulated by Brn3a throughout postnatal retina development - Mapk10, Tusc5 and Cdh4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Brooks
- Genomics Core, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Building 6, Room 331B Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA
| | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Building 6, Room 331B Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Synaptic pruning is dominant in early ontogenesis when a large number of unnecessary synapses are eliminated, and it maintains synaptic plasticity in the mature healthy brain, e.g., in memory processes. Its malfunction is involved in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. C1q, a member of the immune complement system, plays a central role in the selective pruning of synapses by microglial phagocytosis. Understanding the molecular aspects of complement-mediated synapse elimination is of high importance for developing effective therapeutic interventions in the future. Our analysis on C1q-tagged synaptosomes revealed that C1q label-based synaptic pruning is linked to local apoptotic-like processes in synapses. C1q, a member of the immune complement cascade, is implicated in the selective pruning of synapses by microglial phagocytosis. C1q-mediated synapse elimination has been shown to occur during brain development, while increased activation and complement-dependent synapse loss is observed in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying C1q-controlled synaptic pruning are mostly unknown. This study addresses distortions in the synaptic proteome leading to C1q-tagged synapses. Our data demonstrated the preferential localization of C1q to the presynapse. Proteomic investigation and pathway analysis of C1q-tagged synaptosomes revealed the presence of apoptotic-like processes in C1q-tagged synapses, which was confirmed experimentally with apoptosis markers. Moreover, the induction of synaptic apoptotic-like mechanisms in a model of sensory deprivation-induced synaptic depression led to elevated C1q levels. Our results unveiled that C1q label-based synaptic pruning is triggered by and directly linked to apoptotic-like processes in the synaptic compartment.
Collapse
|
58
|
Postsynaptic δ1 glutamate receptor assembles and maintains hippocampal synapses via Cbln2 and neurexin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5373-E5381. [PMID: 29784783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802737115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ1 glutamate receptor (GluD1) was cloned decades ago and is widely expressed in many regions of the brain. However, its functional roles in these brain circuits remain unclear. Here, we find that GluD1 is required for both excitatory synapse formation and maintenance in the hippocampus. The action of GluD1 is absent in the Cbln2 knockout mouse. Furthermore, the GluD1 actions require the presence of presynaptic neurexin 1β carrying the splice site 4 insert (+S4). Together, our findings demonstrate that hippocampal synapse assembly and maintenance require a tripartite molecular complex in which the ligand Cbln2 binds with presynaptic neurexin 1β (+S4) and postsynaptic GluD1. We provide evidence that this mechanism may apply to other forebrain synapses, where GluD1 is widely expressed.
Collapse
|
59
|
Ma QL, Teng E, Zuo X, Jones M, Teter B, Zhao EY, Zhu C, Bilousova T, Gylys KH, Apostolova LG, LaDu MJ, Hossain MA, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Neuronal pentraxin 1: A synaptic-derived plasma biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 114:120-128. [PMID: 29501530 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic neurodegeneration is thought to be an early event initiated by soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates that closely correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD). Apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) is the most common genetic risk factor for both familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD; it accelerates Aβ aggregation and selectively impairs glutamate receptor function and synaptic plasticity. However, its molecular mechanisms remain elusive and these synaptic deficits are difficult to monitor. AD- and APOE4-dependent plasma biomarkers have been proposed, but synapse-related plasma biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1), a potential CNS-derived plasma biomarker of excitatory synaptic pathology. NP1 is preferentially expressed in brain and involved in glutamate receptor internalization. NP1 is secreted presynaptically induced by Aβ oligomers, and implicated in excitatory synaptic and mitochondrial deficits. Levels of NP1 and its fragments were increased in a correlated fashion in both brain and plasma of 7-8 month-old E4FAD mice relative to E3FAD mice. NP1 was also found in exosome preparations and reduced by dietary DHA supplementation. Plasma NP1 was higher in E4FAD+ (APOE4+/+/FAD+/-) relative to E4FAD- (non-carrier; APOE4+/+/FAD-/-) mice, suggesting NP1 is modulated by Aβ expression. Finally, relative to normal elderly, plasma NP1 was also elevated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elevated further in the subset who progressed to early-stage AD. In those patients, there was a trend towards increased NP1 levels in APOE4 carriers relative to non-carriers. These findings indicate that NP1 may represent a potential synapse-derived plasma biomarker relevant to early alterations in excitatory synapses in MCI and early-stage AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Lan Ma
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States.
| | - Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Xiaohong Zuo
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Mychica Jones
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Bruce Teter
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Evan Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Cansheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tina Bilousova
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Karen H Gylys
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Mir Ahamed Hossain
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, United States
| | - Sally A Frautschy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Gregory M Cole
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Hillen AEJ, Burbach JPH, Hol EM. Cell adhesion and matricellular support by astrocytes of the tripartite synapse. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:66-86. [PMID: 29444459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the formation, function, and plasticity of synapses. Their processes enwrap the neuronal components of the tripartite synapse, and due to this close interaction they are perfectly positioned to modulate neuronal communication. The interaction between astrocytes and synapses is facilitated by cell adhesion molecules and matricellular proteins, which have been implicated in the formation and functioning of tripartite synapses. The importance of such neuron-astrocyte integration at the synapse is underscored by the emerging role of astrocyte dysfunction in synaptic pathologies such as autism and schizophrenia. Here we review astrocyte-expressed cell adhesion molecules and matricellular molecules that play a role in integration of neurons and astrocytes within the tripartite synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E J Hillen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter H Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Farhy-Tselnicker I, van Casteren ACM, Lee A, Chang VT, Aricescu AR, Allen NJ. Astrocyte-Secreted Glypican 4 Regulates Release of Neuronal Pentraxin 1 from Axons to Induce Functional Synapse Formation. Neuron 2017; 96:428-445.e13. [PMID: 29024665 PMCID: PMC5663462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The generation of precise synaptic connections between developing neurons is critical to the formation of functional neural circuits. Astrocyte-secreted glypican 4 induces formation of active excitatory synapses by recruiting AMPA glutamate receptors to the postsynaptic cell surface. We now identify the molecular mechanism of how glypican 4 exerts its effect. Glypican 4 induces release of the AMPA receptor clustering factor neuronal pentraxin 1 from presynaptic terminals by signaling through presynaptic protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ. Pentraxin then accumulates AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic terminal forming functional synapses. Our findings reveal a signaling pathway that regulates synaptic activity during central nervous system development and demonstrates a role for astrocytes as organizers of active synaptic connections by coordinating both pre and post synaptic neurons. As mutations in glypicans are associated with neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, this signaling cascade offers new avenues to modulate synaptic function in disease. Astrocyte-secreted Gpc4 induces release of NP1 from neurons Release of NP1 is mediated through Gpc4 interaction with presynaptic RPTPδ Gpc4 or RPTPδ KO causes presynaptic NP1 retention and decreased synapse number Astrocytic release of Gpc4 provides spatial and temporal cues for synaptogenesis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Farhy-Tselnicker
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adriana C M van Casteren
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aletheia Lee
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Veronica T Chang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Pelkey KA, Chittajallu R, Craig MT, Tricoire L, Wester JC, McBain CJ. Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1619-1747. [PMID: 28954853 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10-15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Michael T Craig
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Jason C Wester
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Valbuena S, Lerma J. Non-canonical Signaling, the Hidden Life of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. Neuron 2017; 92:316-329. [PMID: 27764665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors are responsible for the transfer of information across the synapse. While ionotropic receptors form ion channels and mediate rapid membrane depolarization, so-called metabotropic receptors exert their action though slower, less direct intracellular signaling pathways. Glutamate, GABA, and acetylcholine can activate both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, yet the distinction between these "canonical" signaling systems has become less clear since ionotropic receptors were proposed to also activate second messenger systems, defining a "non-canonical" signaling pathway. How these alternative pathways affect neuronal circuit activity is not well understood, and their influence could be more significant than previously anticipated. In this review, we examine the evidence available that supports the existence of parallel and unsuspected signaling pathways used by ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valbuena
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Lerma
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Greger IH, Watson JF, Cull-Candy SG. Structural and Functional Architecture of AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors and Their Auxiliary Proteins. Neuron 2017; 94:713-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
65
|
Xiao MF, Xu D, Craig MT, Pelkey KA, Chien CC, Shi Y, Zhang J, Resnick S, Pletnikova O, Salmon D, Brewer J, Edland S, Wegiel J, Tycko B, Savonenko A, Reeves RH, Troncoso JC, McBain CJ, Galasko D, Worley PF. NPTX2 and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28440221 PMCID: PMC5404919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is attributed to pervasive weakening and loss of synapses. Here, we present findings supporting a special role for excitatory synapses connecting pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and cortex with fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons that control network excitability and rhythmicity. Excitatory synapses on PV interneurons are dependent on the AMPA receptor subunit GluA4, which is regulated by presynaptic expression of the synaptogenic immediate early gene NPTX2 by pyramidal neurons. In a mouse model of AD amyloidosis, Nptx2-/- results in reduced GluA4 expression, disrupted rhythmicity, and increased pyramidal neuron excitability. Postmortem human AD cortex shows profound reductions of NPTX2 and coordinate reductions of GluA4. NPTX2 in human CSF is reduced in subjects with AD and shows robust correlations with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume. These findings implicate failure of adaptive control of pyramidal neuron-PV circuits as a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cognitive failure in AD. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23798.001
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Xiao
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Desheng Xu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michael T Craig
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kenneth A Pelkey
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
| | - Chun-Che Chien
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yang Shi
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Juhong Zhang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Susan Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, United States
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - David Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States.,Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States
| | - James Brewer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States.,Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States
| | - Steven Edland
- Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Institute for Basic Research, New York City, United States
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York City, United States
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States.,Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States
| | - Paul F Worley
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Watson JF, Ho H, Greger IH. Synaptic transmission and plasticity require AMPA receptor anchoring via its N-terminal domain. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28290985 PMCID: PMC5370185 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission and are selectively recruited during activity-dependent plasticity to increase synaptic strength. A prerequisite for faithful signal transmission is the positioning and clustering of AMPARs at postsynaptic sites. The mechanisms underlying this positioning have largely been ascribed to the receptor cytoplasmic C-termini and to AMPAR-associated auxiliary subunits, both interacting with the postsynaptic scaffold. Here, using mouse organotypic hippocampal slices, we show that the extracellular AMPAR N-terminal domain (NTD), which projects midway into the synaptic cleft, plays a fundamental role in this process. This highly sequence-diverse domain mediates synaptic anchoring in a subunit-selective manner. Receptors lacking the NTD exhibit increased mobility in synapses, depress synaptic transmission and are unable to sustain long-term potentiation (LTP). Thus, synaptic transmission and the expression of LTP are dependent upon an AMPAR anchoring mechanism that is driven by the NTD. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23024.001 Neurons send signals via electrical impulses that are transmitted between cells by small molecules known as neurotransmitters. The information is passed from neuron to neuron at specialized points of contact termed synapses. On release of neurotransmitters from the first neuron, the molecules attach to ‘docking stations’ called receptors on the next neuron, referred to as the postsynaptic cell. One of these receptors, the AMPA receptor, transmits signals by binding to a neurotransmitter called glutamate. Previous research has shown that in order to bind glutamate effectively, these receptors need to be trapped and anchored at the correct location at the synapse. This trapping mechanism controls the number of receptors present, which strengthens the synapse, and ultimately mediates learning and memory. However, it is still not clear how AMPA receptor trapping is achieved. To investigate this question, Watson et al. examined how AMPA receptors (and mutant forms of the receptor) affect the communication between neurons using brain slices from mice. The experiments show that an external segment of the AMPA receptor called the N-terminal domain (or NTD for short) is a key element for receptor anchoring at the postsynapse. The AMPA receptor is made out of four different subunits; when the NTD portion was removed from one specific subunit, fewer receptors were anchored correctly at the postsynapse. When the NTD was removed from another subunit, it completely prevented the synapse from learning. Therefore, the NTD brings about subunit-selective anchoring of the AMPA receptor, which affects the ability of the synapse to transmit signals. Important next steps would be to identify the proteins that interact with the NTD and how this specific anchoring affects the strength of the synapse. Another key step will be to understand what mechanisms control the number of AMPA receptors at synapses, to ultimately enable learning. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23024.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake F Watson
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hinze Ho
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Matsuda K. Synapse organization and modulation via C1q family proteins and their receptors in the central nervous system. Neurosci Res 2017; 116:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
68
|
Cummings DM, Benway TA, Ho H, Tedoldi A, Fernandes Freitas MM, Shahab L, Murray CE, Richard-Loendt A, Brandner S, Lashley T, Salih DA, Edwards FA. Neuronal and Peripheral Pentraxins Modify Glutamate Release and may Interact in Blood–Brain Barrier Failure. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:3437-3448. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Damian M. Cummings
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tiffanie A. Benway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hinze Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Present address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Angelo Tedoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Present address: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christina E. Murray
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dervis A. Salih
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frances A. Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Schaukowitch K, Reese AL, Kim SK, Kilaru G, Joo JY, Kavalali ET, Kim TK. An Intrinsic Transcriptional Program Underlying Synaptic Scaling during Activity Suppression. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1512-1526. [PMID: 28178527 PMCID: PMC5524384 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic scaling allows neurons to maintain stable activity patterns by globally altering their synaptic strength in response to changing activity levels. Suppression of activity by the blocking of action potentials increases synaptic strength through an upregulation of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Although this synaptic upscaling was shown to require transcription, the molecular nature of the intrinsic transcription program underlying this process and its functional significance have been unclear. Using RNA-seq, we identified 73 genes that were specifically upregulated in response to activity suppression. In particular, Neuronal pentraxin-1 (Nptx1) increased within 6 hr of activity blockade, and knockdown of this gene blocked the increase in synaptic strength. Nptx1 induction is mediated by calcium influx through the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel, as well as two transcription factors, SRF and ELK1. Altogether, these results uncover a transcriptional program that specifically operates when neuronal activity is suppressed to globally coordinate the increase in synaptic strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Schaukowitch
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Austin L Reese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Seung-Kyoon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Gokhul Kilaru
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Presynaptic Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor Organizes Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses. J Neurosci 2016; 37:1062-1080. [PMID: 27986928 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2768-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three neuronal pentraxins are expressed in brain, the membrane-bound "neuronal pentraxin receptor" (NPR) and the secreted proteins NP1 and NARP (i.e., NP2). Neuronal pentraxins bind to AMPARs at excitatory synapses and play important, well-documented roles in the activity-dependent regulation of neural circuits via this binding activity. However, it is unknown whether neuronal pentraxins perform roles in synapses beyond modulating postsynaptic AMPAR-dependent plasticity, and whether they may even act in inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that NPR expressed in non-neuronal cells potently induces formation of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic specializations in cocultured hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of NPR in hippocampal neurons, conversely, dramatically decreased assembly and function of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic specializations. Overexpression of NPR rescued the NPR knockdown phenotype but did not in itself change synapse numbers or properties. However, the NPR knockdown decreased the levels of NARP, whereas NPR overexpression produced a dramatic increase in the levels of NP1 and NARP, suggesting that NPR recruits and stabilizes NP1 and NARP on the presynaptic plasma membrane. Mechanistically, NPR acted in excitatory synapse assembly by binding to the N-terminal domain of AMPARs; antagonists of AMPA and GABA receptors selectively inhibited NPR-induced heterologous excitatory and inhibitory synapse assembly, respectively, but did not affect neurexin-1β-induced synapse assembly as a control. Our data suggest that neuronal pentraxins act as signaling complexes that function as general trans-synaptic organizers of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses by a mechanism that depends, at least in part, on the activity of the neurotransmitter receptors at these synapses. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal pentraxins comprise three neuronal proteins, neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR) which is a type-II transmembrane protein on the neuronal surface, and secreted neuronal pentraxin-1 and NARP. The general functions of neuronal pentraxins at synapses have not been explored, except for their basic AMPAR binding properties. Here, we examined the functional role of NPR at synapses because it is the only neuronal pentraxin that is anchored to the neuronal cell-surface membrane. We find that NPR is a potent inducer of both excitatory and inhibitory heterologous synapses, and that knockdown of NPR in cultured neurons decreases the density of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Our data suggest that NPR performs a general, previously unrecognized function as a universal organizer of synapses.
Collapse
|
71
|
Hatta-Kobayashi Y, Toyama-Shirai M, Yamanaka T, Takamori M, Wakabayashi Y, Naora Y, Kunieda T, Fukazawa T, Kubo T. Acute phase response in amputated tail stumps and neural tissue-preferential expression in tail bud embryos of the Xenopus neuronal pentraxin I gene. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:688-701. [PMID: 27804121 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of lost organs involves complex processes, including host defense from infection and rebuilding of lost tissues. We previously reported that Xenopus neuronal pentraxin I (xNP1) is expressed preferentially in regenerating Xenopus laevis tadpole tails. To evaluate xNP1 function in tail regeneration, and also in tail development, we analyzed xNP1 expression in tailbud embryos and regenerating/healing tails following tail amputation in the 'regeneration' period, as well as in the 'refractory' period, when tadpoles lose their tail regenerative ability. Within 10 h after tail amputation, xNP1 was induced at the amputation site regardless of the tail regenerative ability, suggesting that xNP1 functions in acute phase responses. xNP1 was widely expressed in regenerating tails, but not in the tail buds of tailbud embryos, suggesting its possible role in the immune response/healing after an injury. xNP1 expression was also observed in neural tissues/primordia in tailbud embryos and in the spinal cord in regenerating/healing tails in both periods, implying its possible roles in neural development or function. Moreover, during the first 48 h after amputation, xNP1 expression was sustained at the spinal cord of tails in the 'regeneration' period tadpoles, but not in the 'refractory' period tadpoles, suggesting that xNP1 expression at the spinal cord correlates with regeneration. Our findings suggest that xNP1 is involved in both acute phase responses and neural development/functions, which is unique compared to mammalian pentraxins whose family members are specialized in either acute phase responses or neural functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hatta-Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mie Toyama-Shirai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoko Wakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Naora
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Fukazawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Genetic mapping of male pheromone response in the European corn borer identifies candidate genes regulating neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6401-E6408. [PMID: 27698145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610515113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The sexual pheromone communication system of moths is a model system for studies of the evolution of reproductive isolation. Females emit a blend of volatile components that males detect at a distance. Species differences in female pheromone composition and male response directly reinforce reproductive isolation in nature, because even slight variations in the species-specific pheromone blend are usually rejected by the male. The mechanisms by which a new pheromone signal-response system could evolve are enigmatic, because any deviation from the optimally attractive blend should be selected against. Here we investigate the genetic mechanisms enabling a switch in male response. We used a quantitative trait locus-mapping approach to identify the genetic basis of male response in the two pheromone races of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Male response to a 99:1 vs. a 3:97 ratio of the E and Z isomers of the female pheromone is governed by a single, sex-linked locus. We found that the chromosomal region most tightly linked to this locus contains genes involved in neurogenesis but, in accordance with an earlier study, does not contain the odorant receptors expressed in the male antenna that detect the pheromone. This finding implies that differences in the development of neuronal pathways conveying information from the antenna, not differences in pheromone detection by the odorant receptors, are primarily responsible for the behavioral response differences among the males in this system. Comparison with other moth species reveals a previously unexplored mechanism by which male pheromone response can change in evolution.
Collapse
|
73
|
Akgül G, McBain CJ. Diverse roles for ionotropic glutamate receptors on inhibitory interneurons in developing and adult brain. J Physiol 2016; 594:5471-90. [PMID: 26918438 PMCID: PMC5043048 DOI: 10.1113/jp271764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptor-mediated recruitment of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons is a critical determinant of network processing. Early studies observed that many, but not all, interneuron glutamatergic synapses contain AMPA receptors that are GluA2-subunit lacking and Ca(2+) permeable, making them distinct from AMPA receptors at most principal cell synapses. Subsequent studies demonstrated considerable alignment of synaptic AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit composition within specific subtypes of interneurons, suggesting that both receptor expression profiles are developmentally and functionally linked. Indeed glutamate receptor expression profiles are largely predicted by the embryonic origins of cortical interneurons within the medial and caudal ganglionic eminences of the developing telencephalon. Distinct complements of AMPA and NMDA receptors within different interneuron subpopulations contribute to the differential recruitment of functionally divergent interneuron subtypes by common afferent inputs for appropriate feed-forward and feedback inhibitory drive and network entrainment. In contrast, the lesser-studied kainate receptors, which are often present at both pre- and postsynaptic sites, appear to follow an independent developmental expression profile. Loss of specific ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) subunits during interneuron development has dramatic consequences for both cellular and network function, often precipitating circuit inhibition-excitation imbalances and in some cases lethality. Here we briefly review recent findings highlighting the roles of iGluRs in interneuron development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülcan Akgül
- Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Rm3C903, Lincoln Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Rm3C903, Lincoln Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Pinto MJ, Almeida RD. Puzzling out presynaptic differentiation. J Neurochem 2016; 139:921-942. [PMID: 27315450 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proper brain function in the nervous system relies on the accurate establishment of synaptic contacts during development. Countless synapses populate the adult brain in an orderly fashion. In each synapse, a presynaptic terminal loaded with neurotransmitters-containing synaptic vesicles is perfectly aligned to an array of receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Presynaptic differentiation, which encompasses the events underlying assembly of new presynaptic units, has seen notable advances in recent years. It is now consensual that as a growing axon encounters the receptive dendrites of its partner, presynaptic assembly will be triggered and specified by multiple postsynaptically-derived factors including soluble molecules and cell adhesion complexes. Presynaptic material that reaches these distant sites by axonal transport in the form of pre-assembled packets will be retained and clustered, ultimately giving rise to a presynaptic bouton. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular aspects of presynaptic differentiation in the central nervous system, with a particular emphasis on the identity of the instructive factors and the intracellular processes used by neuronal cells to assemble functional presynaptic terminals. We provide a detailed description of the mechanisms leading to the formation of new presynaptic terminals. In brief, soma-derived packets of pre-assembled material are trafficked to distant axonal sites. Synaptogenic factors from dendritic or glial provenance activate downstream intra-axonal mediators to trigger clustering of passing material and their correct organization into a new presynaptic bouton. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pinto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Oporto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Elegheert J, Kakegawa W, Clay JE, Shanks NF, Behiels E, Matsuda K, Kohda K, Miura E, Rossmann M, Mitakidis N, Motohashi J, Chang VT, Siebold C, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, Yuzaki M, Aricescu AR. Structural basis for integration of GluD receptors within synaptic organizer complexes. Science 2016; 353:295-9. [PMID: 27418511 PMCID: PMC5291321 DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) family members are integrated into supramolecular complexes that modulate their location and function at excitatory synapses. However, a lack of structural information beyond isolated receptors or fragments thereof currently limits the mechanistic understanding of physiological iGluR signaling. Here, we report structural and functional analyses of the prototypical molecular bridge linking postsynaptic iGluR δ2 (GluD2) and presynaptic β-neurexin 1 (β-NRX1) via Cbln1, a C1q-like synaptic organizer. We show how Cbln1 hexamers "anchor" GluD2 amino-terminal domain dimers to monomeric β-NRX1. This arrangement promotes synaptogenesis and is essential for D: -serine-dependent GluD2 signaling in vivo, which underlies long-term depression of cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses and motor coordination in developing mice. These results lead to a model where protein and small-molecule ligands synergistically control synaptic iGluR function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Elegheert
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jordan E Clay
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natalie F Shanks
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
| | - Ester Behiels
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Keiko Matsuda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kohda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Maxim Rossmann
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nikolaos Mitakidis
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Junko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Veronica T Chang
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Matsuda K, Budisantoso T, Mitakidis N, Sugaya Y, Miura E, Kakegawa W, Yamasaki M, Konno K, Uchigashima M, Abe M, Watanabe I, Kano M, Watanabe M, Sakimura K, Aricescu A, Yuzaki M. Transsynaptic Modulation of Kainate Receptor Functions by C1q-like Proteins. Neuron 2016; 90:752-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
77
|
García-Nafría J, Herguedas B, Watson JF, Greger IH. The dynamic AMPA receptor extracellular region: a platform for synaptic protein interactions. J Physiol 2016; 594:5449-58. [PMID: 26891027 DOI: 10.1113/jp271844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are glutamate-gated cation channels that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Structures of GluA2 homotetramers in distinct functional states, together with simulations, emphasise the loose architecture of the AMPAR extracellular region (ECR). The ECR encompasses ∼80% of the receptor, and consists of the membrane-distal N-terminal domain (NTD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD), which is fused to the ion channel domain. Minimal contacts within and between layers, together with flexible peptide linkers connecting these three domains give rise to an organisation capable of dynamic rearrangements. This building plan is uniquely suited to engage interaction partners in the crowded environment of synapses, permitting the formation of new binding sites and the loss of existing ones. ECR motions are thereby expected to impact signalling as well as synaptic anchorage and may thereby influence AMPAR clustering during synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J García-Nafría
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Herguedas
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - J F Watson
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - I H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Burnett RM, Craven KE, Krishnamurthy P, Goswami CP, Badve S, Crooks P, Mathews WP, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Nakshatri H. Organ-specific adaptive signaling pathway activation in metastatic breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12682-96. [PMID: 25926557 PMCID: PMC4494966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasizes to bone, visceral organs, and/or brain depending on the subtype, which may involve activation of a host organ-specific signaling network in metastatic cells. To test this possibility, we determined gene expression patterns in MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammary fat pad tumor (TMD-231), lung-metastasis (LMD-231), bone-metastasis (BMD-231), adrenal-metastasis (ADMD-231) and brain-metastasis (231-BR) variants. When gene expression between metastases was compared, 231-BR cells showed the highest gene expression difference followed by ADMD-231, LMD-231, and BMD-231 cells. Neuronal transmembrane proteins SLITRK2, TMEM47, and LYPD1 were specifically overexpressed in 231-BR cells. Pathway-analyses revealed activation of signaling networks that would enable cancer cells to adapt to organs of metastasis such as drug detoxification/oxidative stress response/semaphorin neuronal pathway in 231-BR, Notch/orphan nuclear receptor signals involved in steroidogenesis in ADMD-231, acute phase response in LMD-231, and cytokine/hematopoietic stem cell signaling in BMD-231 cells. Only NF-κB signaling pathway activation was common to all except BMD-231 cells. We confirmed NF-κB activation in 231-BR and in a brain metastatic variant of 4T1 cells (4T1-BR). Dimethylaminoparthenolide inhibited NF-κB activity, LYPD1 expression, and proliferation of 231-BR and 4T1-BR cells. Thus, transcriptome change enabling adaptation to host organs is likely one of the mechanisms associated with organ-specific metastasis and could potentially be targeted therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riesa M Burnett
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly E Craven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Purna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chirayu P Goswami
- Department of Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Herguedas B, García-Nafría J, Cais O, Fernández-Leiro R, Krieger J, Ho H, Greger IH. Structure and organization of heteromeric AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Science 2016; 352:aad3873. [PMID: 26966189 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), which are central mediators of rapid neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, predominantly exist as heteromers of the subunits GluA1 to GluA4. Here we report the first AMPAR heteromer structures, which deviate substantially from existing GluA2 homomer structures. Crystal structures of the GluA2/3 and GluA2/4 N-terminal domains reveal a novel compact conformation with an alternating arrangement of the four subunits around a central axis. This organization is confirmed by cysteine cross-linking in full-length receptors, and it permitted us to determine the structure of an intact GluA2/3 receptor by cryogenic electron microscopy. Two models in the ligand-free state, at resolutions of 8.25 and 10.3 angstroms, exhibit substantial vertical compression and close associations between domain layers, reminiscent of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Model 1 resembles a resting state and model 2 a desensitized state, thus providing snapshots of gating transitions in the nominal absence of ligand. Our data reveal organizational features of heteromeric AMPARs and provide a framework to decipher AMPAR architecture and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Herguedas
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ondrej Cais
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James Krieger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hinze Ho
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
In Sickness and in Health: Perineuronal Nets and Synaptic Plasticity in Psychiatric Disorders. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:9847696. [PMID: 26839720 PMCID: PMC4709762 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9847696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly emerging evidence implicates perineuronal nets (PNNs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that compose or interact with PNNs, in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders. Studies on schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy point to the involvement of ECM molecules such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, Reelin, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as their cell surface receptors. In many of these disorders, PNN abnormalities have also been reported. In the context of the “quadripartite” synapse concept, that is, the functional unit composed of the pre- and postsynaptic terminals, glial processes, and ECM, and of the role that PNNs and ECM molecules play in regulating synaptic functions and plasticity, these findings resonate with one of the most well-replicated aspects of the pathology of psychiatric disorders, that is, synaptic abnormalities. Here we review the evidence for PNN/ECM-related pathology in these disorders, with particular emphasis on schizophrenia, and discuss the hypothesis that such pathology may significantly contribute to synaptic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
81
|
Structure, Dynamics, and Allosteric Potential of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor N-Terminal Domains. Biophys J 2015; 109:1136-48. [PMID: 26255587 PMCID: PMC4576161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric cation channels that mediate synaptic transmission and plasticity. They have a unique modular architecture with four domains: the intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD) that is involved in synaptic targeting, the transmembrane domain (TMD) that forms the ion channel, the membrane-proximal ligand-binding domain (LBD) that binds agonists such as L-glutamate, and the distal N-terminal domain (NTD), whose function is the least clear. The extracellular portion, comprised of the LBD and NTD, is loosely arranged, mediating complex allosteric regulation and providing a rich target for drug development. Here, we briefly review recent work on iGluR NTD structure and dynamics, and further explore the allosteric potential for the NTD in AMPA-type iGluRs using coarse-grained simulations. We also investigate mechanisms underlying the established NTD allostery in NMDA-type iGluRs, as well as the fold-related metabotropic glutamate and GABAB receptors. We show that the clamshell motions intrinsically favored by the NTD bilobate fold are coupled to dimeric and higher-order rearrangements that impact the iGluR LBD and ultimately the TMD. Finally, we explore the dynamics of intact iGluRs and describe how it might affect receptor operation in a synaptic environment.
Collapse
|
82
|
Cooperative Dynamics of Intact AMPA and NMDA Glutamate Receptors: Similarities and Subfamily-Specific Differences. Structure 2015; 23:1692-1704. [PMID: 26256538 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ion channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission. Recent structures of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors permit a comparative analysis of whole-receptor dynamics for the first time. Despite substantial differences in the packing of their two-domain extracellular region, the two iGluRs share similar dynamics, elucidated by elastic network models. Motions accessible to either structure enable conformational interconversion, such as compression of the AMPA receptor toward the more tightly packed NMDA receptor conformation, which has been linked to allosteric regulation. Pivoting motions coupled to concerted rotations of the transmembrane ion channel are prominent between dimers of distal N-terminal domains in the loosely packed AMPA receptor. The occurrence and functional relevance of these motions is verified by cross-linking experiments designed to probe the computationally predicted distance changes. Together with the identification of hotspot residues acting as mediators of allosteric communication, our data provide a glimpse into the dynamic spectrum of iGluRs.
Collapse
|
83
|
Figueiro-Silva J, Gruart A, Clayton KB, Podlesniy P, Abad MA, Gasull X, Delgado-García JM, Trullas R. Neuronal pentraxin 1 negatively regulates excitatory synapse density and synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci 2015; 35:5504-21. [PMID: 25855168 PMCID: PMC6605318 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2548-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In mature neurons, the number of synapses is determined by a neuronal activity-dependent dynamic equilibrium between positive and negative regulatory factors. We hypothesized that neuronal pentraxin (NP1), a proapoptotic protein induced by low neuronal activity, could be a negative regulator of synapse density because it is found in dystrophic neurites in Alzheimer's disease-affected brains. Here, we report that knockdown of NP1 increases the number of excitatory synapses and neuronal excitability in cultured rat cortical neurons and enhances excitatory drive and long-term potentiation in the hippocampus of behaving mice. Moreover, we found that NP1 regulates the surface expression of the Kv7.2 subunit of the Kv7 family of potassium channels that control neuronal excitability. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of Kv7 channels prevents, whereas inhibition mimics, the increase in synaptic proteins evoked by the knockdown of NP1. These results indicate that NP1 negatively regulates excitatory synapse number by modulating neuronal excitability and show that NP1 restricts excitatory synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiro-Silva
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- División de Neurociencias, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kevin Bernard Clayton
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petar Podlesniy
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Trullas
- Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Renouard L, Billwiller F, Ogawa K, Clément O, Camargo N, Abdelkarim M, Gay N, Scoté-Blachon C, Touré R, Libourel PA, Ravassard P, Salvert D, Peyron C, Claustrat B, Léger L, Salin P, Malleret G, Fort P, Luppi PH. The supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum activate the cortex during REM sleep. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400177. [PMID: 26601158 PMCID: PMC4640625 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence in humans suggests that limbic cortices are more active during rapid eye movement (REM or paradoxical) sleep than during waking, a phenomenon fitting with the presence of vivid dreaming during this state. In that context, it seemed essential to determine which populations of cortical neurons are activated during REM sleep. Our aim in the present study is to fill this gap by combining gene expression analysis, functional neuroanatomy, and neurochemical lesions in rats. We find in rats that, during REM sleep hypersomnia compared to control and REM sleep deprivation, the dentate gyrus, claustrum, cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and medial entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices are the only cortical structures containing neurons with an increased expression of Bdnf, FOS, and ARC, known markers of activation and/or synaptic plasticity. Further, the dentate gyrus is the only cortical structure containing more FOS-labeled neurons during REM sleep hypersomnia than during waking. Combining FOS staining, retrograde labeling, and neurochemical lesion, we then provide evidence that FOS overexpression occurring in the cortex during REM sleep hypersomnia is due to projections from the supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Our results strongly suggest that only a subset of cortical and hippocampal neurons are activated and display plasticity during REM sleep by means of ascending projections from the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus. Our results pave the way for future studies to identify the function of REM sleep with regard to dreaming and emotional memory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Renouard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Boulevard, PBS230, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Olivier Clément
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nutabi Camargo
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Mouaadh Abdelkarim
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nadine Gay
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Céline Scoté-Blachon
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Rouguy Touré
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pascal Ravassard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Denise Salvert
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Christelle Peyron
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Bruno Claustrat
- Service de Radioanalyse, Centre de Médecine nucléaire, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Lucienne Léger
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Paul Salin
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Gael Malleret
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Pelkey KA, Barksdale E, Craig MT, Yuan X, Sukumaran M, Vargish GA, Mitchell RM, Wyeth MS, Petralia RS, Chittajallu R, Karlsson RM, Cameron HA, Murata Y, Colonnese MT, Worley PF, McBain CJ. Pentraxins coordinate excitatory synapse maturation and circuit integration of parvalbumin interneurons. Neuron 2015; 85:1257-72. [PMID: 25754824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Circuit computation requires precision in the timing, extent, and synchrony of principal cell (PC) firing that is largely enforced by parvalbumin-expressing, fast-spiking interneurons (PVFSIs). To reliably coordinate network activity, PVFSIs exhibit specialized synaptic and membrane properties that promote efficient afferent recruitment such as expression of high-conductance, rapidly gating, GluA4-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs). We found that PVFSIs upregulate GluA4 during the second postnatal week coincident with increases in the AMPAR clustering proteins NPTX2 and NPTXR. Moreover, GluA4 is dramatically reduced in NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice with consequent reductions in PVFSI AMPAR function. Early postnatal NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice exhibit delayed circuit maturation with a prolonged critical period permissive for giant depolarizing potentials. Juvenile NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice display reduced feedforward inhibition yielding a circuit deficient in rhythmogenesis and prone to epileptiform discharges. Our findings demonstrate an essential role for NPTXs in controlling network dynamics highlighting potential therapeutic targets for disorders with inhibition/excitation imbalances such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Barksdale
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael T Craig
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Vargish
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert M Mitchell
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan S Wyeth
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rose-Marie Karlsson
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasunobu Murata
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
The Secreted Protein C1QL1 and Its Receptor BAI3 Control the Synaptic Connectivity of Excitatory Inputs Converging on Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 10:820-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
87
|
Elbaz I, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Okamoto H, Appelbaum L. Reduced synaptic density and deficient locomotor response in neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin 2a mutant zebrafish. FASEB J 2014; 29:1220-34. [PMID: 25466900 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal-activity-regulated pentraxin (NARP/NPTX2/NP2) is a secreted synaptic protein that regulates the trafficking of glutamate receptors and mediates learning, memory, and drug addiction. The role of NPTX2 in regulating structural synaptic plasticity and behavior in a developing vertebrate is indefinite. We characterized the expression of nptx2a in larvae and adult zebrafish and established a transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated nptx2a mutant (nptx2a(-/-)) to study the role of Nptx2a in regulating structural synaptic plasticity and behavior. Similar to mammals, the zebrafish nptx2a was expressed in excitatory neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Its expression was induced in response to a mechanosensory stimulus but did not change during day and night. Behavioral assays showed that loss of Nptx2a results in reduced locomotor response to light-to-dark transition states and to a sound stimulus. Live imaging of synapses using the transgenic nptx2a:GAL4VP16 zebrafish and a fluorescent presynaptic synaptophysin (SYP) marker revealed reduced synaptic density in the axons of the spinal motor neurons and the anterodorsal lateral-line ganglion (gAD), which regulate locomotor activity and locomotor response to mechanosensory stimuli, respectively. These results suggest that Nptx2a affects locomotor response to external stimuli by mediating structural synaptic plasticity in excitatory neuronal circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Elbaz
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tali Lerer-Goldshtein
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Bilousova T, Taylor K, Emirzian A, Gylys R, Frautschy SA, Cole GM, Teng E. Parallel age-associated changes in brain and plasma neuronal pentraxin receptor levels in a transgenic APP/PS1 rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:32-40. [PMID: 25449907 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR) is a synaptic protein implicated in AMPA receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses. Since glutamate neurotransmission is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), NPR levels measured from plasma represent a potential biomarker for synaptic dysfunction associated with AD. We sought to determine the relationship between AD pathology and brain and plasma NPR levels by examining age-associated NPR levels in these compartments in a transgenic APP/PS1 rat model of AD. NPR levels in cortical homogenate were similar in wild-type (Wt) and APP/PS1 rats at 3 months of age (prior to Aβ plaque deposition), but significantly increased in APP/PS1 rats by 9 and 18-20 months of age (after the onset of plaque deposition). These age-dependent differences were driven by proportional increases in NPR in membrane-associated cortical fractions. Genotype-related differences in NPR expression were also seen in the hippocampus, which exhibits significant Aβ pathology, but not in the cerebellum, which does not. Plasma analyses revealed increased levels of a 26 kDa NPR fragment in APP/PS1 rats relative to Wt rats by 18-20 months of age, which correlated with the levels of full-length NPR in cortex. Our findings indicate that cerebral accumulation of NPR and Aβ occurs with similar temporal and regional patterns in the APP/PS1 model, and suggest that a 26 kDa plasma NPR fragment may represent a peripheral biomarker of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bilousova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karen Taylor
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ana Emirzian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raymond Gylys
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sally A Frautschy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gregory M Cole
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abstract
Cornichon homologs (CNIHs) are AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunits that modulate AMPAR ion channel function and trafficking. Mechanisms underlying this interaction and functional modulation of the receptor complex are currently unclear. Here, using proteins expressed from mouse and rat cDNA, we show that CNIH-3 forms a stable complex with tetrameric AMPARs and contributes to the transmembrane density in single-particle electron microscopy structures. Peptide array-based screening and in vitro mutagenesis identified two clusters of conserved membrane-proximal residues in CNIHs that contribute to AMPAR binding. Because CNIH-1 binds to AMPARs but modulates gating at a significantly lower magnitude compared with CNIH-3, these conserved residues mediate a direct interaction between AMPARs and CNIHs. In addition, residues in the extracellular loop of CNIH-2/3 absent in CNIH-1/4 are critical for both AMPAR interaction and gating modulation. On the AMPAR extracellular domains, the ligand-binding domain and possibly a stretch of linker, connecting the ligand-binding domain to the fourth membrane-spanning segment, is the principal contact point with the CNIH-3 extracellular loop. In contrast, the membrane-distal N-terminal domain is less involved in AMPAR gating modulation by CNIH-3 and AMPAR binding to CNIH-3. Collectively, our results identify conserved residues in the membrane-proximal region of CNIHs that contribute to AMPAR binding and an additional unique segment in the CNIH-2/3 extracellular loop required for both physical interaction and gating modulation of the AMPAR. Consistent with the dissociable properties of binding and gating modulation, we identified a mutant CNIH-3 that preserves AMPAR binding capability but has attenuated activity of gating modulation.
Collapse
|
90
|
Kone M, Pullen TJ, Sun G, Ibberson M, Martinez-Sanchez A, Sayers S, Nguyen-Tu MS, Kantor C, Swisa A, Dor Y, Gorman T, Ferrer J, Thorens B, Reimann F, Gribble F, McGinty JA, Chen L, French PM, Birzele F, Hildebrandt T, Uphues I, Rutter GA. LKB1 and AMPK differentially regulate pancreatic β-cell identity. FASEB J 2014; 28:4972-85. [PMID: 25070369 PMCID: PMC4377859 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-257667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fully differentiated pancreatic β cells are essential for normal glucose homeostasis in mammals. Dedifferentiation of these cells has been suggested to occur in type 2 diabetes, impairing insulin production. Since chronic fuel excess ("glucotoxicity") is implicated in this process, we sought here to identify the potential roles in β-cell identity of the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) and the downstream fuel-sensitive kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Highly β-cell-restricted deletion of each kinase in mice, using an Ins1-controlled Cre, was therefore followed by physiological, morphometric, and massive parallel sequencing analysis. Loss of LKB1 strikingly (2.0-12-fold, E<0.01) increased the expression of subsets of hepatic (Alb, Iyd, Elovl2) and neuronal (Nptx2, Dlgap2, Cartpt, Pdyn) genes, enhancing glutamate signaling. These changes were partially recapitulated by the loss of AMPK, which also up-regulated β-cell "disallowed" genes (Slc16a1, Ldha, Mgst1, Pdgfra) 1.8- to 3.4-fold (E < 0.01). Correspondingly, targeted promoters were enriched for neuronal (Zfp206; P = 1.3 × 10(-33)) and hypoxia-regulated (HIF1; P = 2.5 × 10(-16)) transcription factors. In summary, LKB1 and AMPK, through only partly overlapping mechanisms, maintain β-cell identity by suppressing alternate pathways leading to neuronal, hepatic, and other characteristics. Selective targeting of these enzymes may provide a new approach to maintaining β-cell function in some forms of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Avital Swisa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tracy Gorman
- AstraZeneca Diabetes and Obesity Drug Discovery, Alderley Edge, UK
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Section of β-Cell Development, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and
| | - Fiona Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and
| | - James A McGinty
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lingling Chen
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ingo Uphues
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Cais O, Herguedas B, Krol K, Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M, Greger IH. Mapping the interaction sites between AMPA receptors and TARPs reveals a role for the receptor N-terminal domain in channel gating. Cell Rep 2014; 9:728-40. [PMID: 25373908 PMCID: PMC4405707 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast neurotransmission at excitatory synapses. The extent and fidelity of postsynaptic depolarization triggered by AMPAR activation are shaped by AMPAR auxiliary subunits, including the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs). TARPs profoundly influence gating, an effect thought to be mediated by an interaction with the AMPAR ion channel and ligand binding domain (LBD). Here, we show that the distal N-terminal domain (NTD) contributes to TARP modulation. Alterations in the NTD-LBD linker result in TARP-dependent and TARP-selective changes in AMPAR gating. Using peptide arrays, we identify a TARP interaction region on the NTD and define the path of TARP contacts along the LBD surface. Moreover, we map key binding sites on the TARP itself and show that mutation of these residues mediates gating modulation. Our data reveal a TARP-dependent allosteric role for the AMPAR NTD and suggest that TARP binding triggers a drastic reorganization of the AMPAR complex. The NTD linker has a TARP-dependent and TARP-specific impact on AMPAR gating Peptide arrays reveal binding of TARPs to both extracellular domains of AMPARs A structural reorganization of AMPARs is triggered by TARP binding
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Cais
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Beatriz Herguedas
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Karolina Krol
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stuart G Cull-Candy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
von Roemeling CA, Radisky DC, Marlow LA, Cooper SJ, Grebe SK, Anastasiadis PZ, Tun HW, Copland JA. Neuronal pentraxin 2 supports clear cell renal cell carcinoma by activating the AMPA-selective glutamate receptor-4. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4796-810. [PMID: 24962026 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer and has the highest propensity to manifest as metastatic disease. Recent characterizations of the genetic signature of ccRCC have revealed several factors correlated with tumor cell migration and invasion; however, the specific events driving malignancy are not well defined. Furthermore, there remains a lack of targeted therapies that result in long-term, sustainable response in patients with metastatic disease. We show here that neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) is overexpressed specifically in ccRCC primary tumors and metastases, and that it contributes to tumor cell viability and promotes cell migration through its interaction with the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluR4. We propose NPTX2 as a novel molecular target for therapy for patients with ccRCC diagnosed with or at risk of developing metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Simon J Cooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Stefan K Grebe
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Han W Tun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Möykkynen T, Coleman SK, Semenov A, Keinänen K. The N-terminal domain modulates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor desensitization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13197-205. [PMID: 24652293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors are tetrameric glutamate-gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic neurotransmission in mammalian brain. Their subunits contain a two-lobed N-terminal domain (NTD) that comprises over 40% of the mature polypeptide. The NTD is not obligatory for the assembly of tetrameric receptors, and its functional role is still unclear. By analyzing full-length and NTD-deleted GluA1-4 AMPA receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells, we found that the removal of the NTD leads to a significant reduction in receptor transport to the plasma membrane, a higher steady state-to-peak current ratio of glutamate responses, and strongly increased sensitivity to glutamate toxicity in cell culture. Further analyses showed that NTD-deleted receptors display both a slower onset of desensitization and a faster recovery from desensitization of agonist responses. Our results indicate that the NTD promotes the biosynthetic maturation of AMPA receptors and, for membrane-expressed channels, enhances the stability of the desensitized state. Moreover, these findings suggest that interactions of the NTD with extracellular/synaptic ligands may be able to fine-tune AMPA receptor-mediated responses, in analogy with the allosteric regulatory role demonstrated for the NTD of NMDA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Möykkynen
- From the Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Merega E, Prisco SD, Lanfranco M, Severi P, Pittaluga A. Complement selectively elicits glutamate release from nerve endings in different regions of mammal central nervous system. J Neurochem 2014; 129:473-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | | | - Paolo Severi
- Division of Neurosurgery; Galliera Hospital; Genoa Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Lohmann C, Kessels HW. The developmental stages of synaptic plasticity. J Physiol 2014; 592:13-31. [PMID: 24144877 PMCID: PMC3903349 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is programmed to drive behaviour by precisely wiring the appropriate neuronal circuits. Wiring and rewiring of neuronal circuits largely depends on the orchestrated changes in the strengths of synaptic contacts. Here, we review how the rules of synaptic plasticity change during development of the brain, from birth to independence. We focus on the changes that occur at the postsynaptic side of excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the rodent hippocampus and neocortex. First we summarize the current data on the structure of synapses and the developmental expression patterns of the key molecular players of synaptic plasticity, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, as well as pivotal kinases (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, protein kinase A, protein kinase C) and phosphatases (PP1, PP2A, PP2B). In the second part we relate these findings to important characteristics of the emerging network. We argue that the concerted and gradual shifts in the usage of plasticity molecules comply with the changing need for (re)wiring neuronal circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lohmann
- C. Lohmann and H. W. Kessels: The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Emails: ,
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Hanse E, Seth H, Riebe I. AMPA-silent synapses in brain development and pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013; 14:839-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
97
|
Sia GM, Clem RL, Huganir RL. The human language-associated gene SRPX2 regulates synapse formation and vocalization in mice. Science 2013; 342:987-91. [PMID: 24179158 DOI: 10.1126/science.1245079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synapse formation in the developing brain depends on the coordinated activity of synaptogenic proteins, some of which have been implicated in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we show that the sushi repeat-containing protein X-linked 2 (SRPX2) gene encodes a protein that promotes synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex. In humans, SRPX2 is an epilepsy- and language-associated gene that is a target of the foxhead box protein P2 (FoxP2) transcription factor. We also show that FoxP2 modulates synapse formation through regulating SRPX2 levels and that SRPX2 reduction impairs development of ultrasonic vocalization in mice. Our results suggest FoxP2 modulates the development of neural circuits through regulating synaptogenesis and that SRPX2 is a synaptogenic factor that plays a role in the pathogenesis of language disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Sia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Kroksveen AC, Guldbrandsen A, Vedeler C, Myhr KM, Opsahl JA, Berven FS. Cerebrospinal fluid proteome comparison between multiple sclerosis patients and controls. Acta Neurol Scand 2013:90-6. [PMID: 23278663 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to identify proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with different abundance between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and controls. Such proteins may be diagnostic biomarkers and contribute with novel information about the disease pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with RRMS (n = 17) and controls (n = 17) were trypsin digested and analyzed in a label-free fashion using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The resulting data were analyzed using SearchGUI, PeptideShaker, and the Progenesis software. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-one proteins were identified, of which 32 were significantly differentially abundant between the patients with RRMS and controls (P-value ≤ 0.05, two or more peptides quantified). Among these were proteins which previously have been linked to MS, including immunoglobulin subunits, vitamin D-binding protein, apolipoprotein D, kallikrein-6, neuronal pentraxin receptor, Dickkopf-related protein 3, and contactin-1. CONCLUSION The study provides an overview of differentially abundant proteins between RRMS and controls, and a few of these are further discussed. It should be stressed that a larger verification study is needed to reveal the potential value of these proteins as biomarkers for RRMS and their involvement in the disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. A. Opsahl
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE); Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen; Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Al Rahim M, Hossain MA. Genetic deletion of NP1 prevents hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death via reducing AMPA receptor synaptic localization in hippocampal neurons. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e006098. [PMID: 23525449 PMCID: PMC3603251 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.006098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Trafficking of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) to excitatory synapses is critical to their synaptic functions. Previously, we have shown induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) and its colocalization with AMPAR subunit GluR1 in hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury. However, the role of NP1 in mediating GluR1 surface expression, trafficking, and clustering at synapses in HI neuronal death is unclear. Methods and Results Primary hippocampal neurons, isolated from wild‐type (WT) and NP1‐knockout (C57BL/6 background) mice at DIV 12 to 14 were exposed to 2 to 8 hours of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)—in vitro conditions that mimic human stroke. OGD exposure resulted in time‐dependent induction of NP1 (∼4‐fold), enhanced redistribution of AMAP GluR1 receptors at excitatory synapses, and increased neuronal death. We observed a significant increase in surface and synaptic GluR1 clusters that colocalized with PSD‐95 on dendrites with a simultaneous decrease in internalized GluR1. Surface cross‐linking with BS3 showed enhanced membrane insertions of GluR1, and increased phosphorylation at Ser‐845 further supported enhanced surface availability of GluR1 after OGD. NP1 protein colocalized with GluR1 and PSD‐95, and OGD significantly increased their synaptic coclustering. Most strikingly, the genetic deletion of NP1 resulted in decreases in surface GluR1 cluster density, synaptic localization, phospho‐GluR1 (Ser‐845) levels, and neuronal death after OGD compared with WT neurons. AMPA (50 μmol/L) induced NP1 and significant cell death in WT but not in NP1−/− neurons. Conclusions Our results indicate that NP1 plays a key role in synaptic clustering of GluR1, suggesting that targeting NP1 might be a practical approach to preventing ischemic brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Rahim
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Matsuda K, Yuzaki M. Cbln1 and the δ2 glutamate receptor--an orphan ligand and an orphan receptor find their partners. THE CEREBELLUM 2012; 11:78-84. [PMID: 20535596 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-010-0186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellin was originally discovered as a Purkinje cell-specific peptide more than two decades ago. Later, its precursor protein precerebellin (Cbln1) was found to be produced in cerebellar granule cells. It has become increasingly clear that although the cerebellin peptide may have certain functions, Cbln1 is an actual signaling molecule that belongs to the C1q family. However, the precise function of Cbln1 has been unresolved. Cbln1 is released from granule cells, and disruption of the cbln1 gene in mice causes a severe reduction in the number of synapses between Purkinje cells and parallel fibers (PFs; axons of granule cells) and results in cerebellar ataxia. The glutamate receptor δ2 (GluD2) is highly expressed on Purkinje cells' dendritic spines which make synapses with PFs. Although GluD2 was identified as a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptors more than 15 years ago, it has been referred to as an orphan receptor because its endogenous ligands are unclear. Interestingly, GluD2-null mice phenocopy cbln1-null mice precisely. Cbln1 and GluD2 have therefore been thought to participate in a common signaling pathway that is required for the formation of PF synapses. We recently established a direct ligand-receptor relationship between Cbln1 and GluD2. The Cbln1-GluD2 complex is located at the cleft of PF-Purkinje cell synapses and bidirectionally regulates both presynaptic and postsynaptic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Matsuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|