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Gong R, Mühlberg C, Wegscheider M, Fricke C, Rumpf JJ, Knösche TR, Classen J. Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in repetitive movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1606-1621. [PMID: 35544757 PMCID: PMC9190732 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00541.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinesia is a cardinal motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the pathophysiology of which is not fully understood. We analyzed the role of cross-frequency coupling of oscillatory cortical activity in motor impairment in patients with PD and healthy controls. High-density EEG signals were recorded during various motor activities and at rest. Patients performed a repetitive finger-pressing task normally, but were slower than controls during tapping. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between β (13–30 Hz) and broadband γ (50–150 Hz) was computed from individual EEG source signals in the premotor, primary motor, and primary somatosensory cortices, and the primary somatosensory complex. In all four regions, averaging the entire movement period resulted in higher PAC in patients than in controls for the resting condition and the pressing task (similar performance between groups). However, this was not the case for the tapping tasks where patients performed slower. This suggests the strength of state-related β-γ PAC does not determine Parkinsonian bradykinesia. Examination of the dynamics of oscillatory EEG signals during motor transitions revealed a distinctive motif of PAC rise and decay around press onset. This pattern was also present at press offset and slow tapping onset, linking such idiosyncratic PAC changes to transitions between different movement states. The transition-related PAC modulation in patients was similar to controls in the pressing task but flattened during slow tapping, which related to normal and abnormal performance, respectively. These findings suggest that the dysfunctional evolution of neuronal population dynamics during movement execution is an important component of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonian bradykinesia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings using noninvasive EEG recordings provide evidence that PAC dynamics might play a role in the physiological cortical control of movement execution and may encode transitions between movement states. Results in patients with Parkinson’s disease suggest that bradykinesia is related to a deficit of the dynamic regulation of PAC during movement execution rather than its absolute strength. Our findings may contribute to the development of a new concept of the pathophysiology of bradykinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Gong
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Method and Development Group Brain Networks, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Mühlberg
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirko Wegscheider
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Fricke
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jost-Julian Rumpf
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas R Knösche
- Method and Development Group Brain Networks, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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52
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de Freitas Zanona A, Romeiro da Silva AC, do Rego Maciel AB, Gomes do Nascimento LS, Bezerra da Silva A, Bolognini N, Monte-Silva K. Somatosensory Cortex Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Associative Sensory Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves Could Assist Motor and Sensory Recovery After Stroke. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:860965. [PMID: 35479184 PMCID: PMC9036089 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.860965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and sensory stimulation (SS) could promote upper limb recovery in participants with subacute stroke. Methods Participants were randomized into four groups: rTMS/Sham SS, Sham rTMS/SS, rTMS/SS, and control group (Sham rTMS/Sham SS). Participants underwent ten sessions of sham or active rTMS over S1 (10 Hz, 1,500 pulses, 120% of resting motor threshold, 20 min), followed by sham or active SS. The SS involved active sensory training (exploring features of objects and graphesthesia, proprioception exercises), mirror therapy, and Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the region of the median nerve in the wrist (stimulation intensity as the minimum intensity at which the participants reported paresthesia; five electrical pulses of 1 ms duration each at 10 Hz were delivered every second over 45 min). Sham stimulations occurred as follows: Sham rTMS, coil was held while disconnected from the stimulator, and rTMS noise was presented with computer loudspeakers with recorded sound from a real stimulation. The Sham SS received therapy in the unaffected upper limb, did not use the mirror and received TENS stimulation for only 60 seconds. The primary outcome was the Body Structure/Function: Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA); the secondary outcome was the Activity/Participation domains, assessed with Box and Block Test, Motor Activity Log scale, Jebsen-Taylor Test, and Functional Independence Measure. Results Forty participants with stroke ischemic (n = 38) and hemorrhagic (n = 2), men (n = 19) and women (n = 21), in the subacute stage (10.6 ± 6 weeks) had a mean age of 62.2 ± 9.6 years, were equally divided into four groups (10 participants in each group). Significant somatosensory improvements were found in participants receiving active rTMS and active SS, compared with those in the control group (sham rTMS with sham SS). Motor function improved only in participants who received active rTMS, with greater effects when active rTMS was combined with active SS. Conclusion The combined use of SS with rTMS over S1 represents a more effective therapy for increasing sensory and motor recovery, as well as functional independence, in participants with subacute stroke. Clinical Trial Registration [clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03329807].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Monte-Silva
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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53
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Arya KN, Pandian S, Joshi AK, Chaudhary N, Agarwal G. Active Sensory Therapies Enhancing Upper Limb Recovery Among Poststroke Subjects: A Systematic Review. Ann Neurosci 2022; 29:104-115. [PMID: 36419520 PMCID: PMC9676344 DOI: 10.1177/09727531221086732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In stroke, sensory deficits may affect the motor recovery of the subjects. The evidence for the active sensory intervention to enhance motor recovery is sparsely available. Purpose To systematically review the available evidence from the studies on active sensory therapies augmenting upper limb recovery among poststroke subjects. Methods The following databases were searched for the desired articles: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL), DORIS, PEDro, and OTseeker. The primary search keywords were stroke, sensory, and motor. The articles published in English up to August 2021 were considered for the review. Only investigations that studied active sensory interventions to enhance motor recovery were considered for the review. The studies of robotic training, virtual reality, electrical stimulation, and acupuncture were excluded. Motor recovery and sensory recovery were considered as primary and secondary measures, respectively. Results Out of 3528 screened studies, eight studies were found eligible for the present systematic review. Active sensory interventions in the form of sensory discrimination, mirror therapy, motor imagery, and specific somatosensory training were utilized in the selected studies. The interventions through mirror therapy and mental imaging have some promising roles in enhancing upper limb recovery. However, there is a lack of strong evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention enhancing motor improvement among the stroke subjects. Conclusion A comprehensive active sensory protocol should be developed having components of cognitive, sensory, motor, and functional demand. There is a need to conduct good quality randomized trials to support the existing active sensory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Narayan Arya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for Persons with Physical Disabilities, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shanta Pandian
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for Persons with Physical Disabilities, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Akshay Kumar Joshi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for Persons with Physical Disabilities, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neera Chaudhary
- Department of Neurology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G.G. Agarwal
- Department of Statistics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khateeb K, Bloch J, Zhou J, Rahimi M, Griggs DJ, Kharazia VN, Le MN, Wang RK, Yazdan-Shahmorad A. A versatile toolbox for studying cortical physiology in primates. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100183. [PMID: 35445205 PMCID: PMC9017216 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lesioning and neurophysiological studies have facilitated the elucidation of cortical functions and mechanisms of functional recovery following injury. Clinical translation of such studies is contingent on their employment in non-human primates (NHPs), yet tools for monitoring and modulating cortical physiology are incompatible with conventional lesioning techniques. To address these challenges, we developed a toolbox validated in seven macaques. We introduce the photothrombotic method for inducing focal cortical lesions, a quantitative model for designing experiment-specific lesion profiles and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for large-scale (~5 cm2) monitoring of vascular dynamics. We integrate these tools with our electrocorticographic array for large-scale monitoring of neural dynamics and testing stimulation-based interventions. Advantageously, this versatile toolbox can be incorporated into established chronic cranial windows. By combining optical and electrophysiological techniques in the NHP cortex, we can enhance our understanding of cortical functions, investigate functional recovery mechanisms, integrate physiological and behavioral findings, and develop neurorehabilitative treatments. MOTIVATION The primate neocortex encodes for complex functions and behaviors, the physiologies of which are yet to be fully understood. Such an understanding in both healthy and diseased states can be crucial for the development of effective neurorehabilitative strategies. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive and adaptable set of tools that enables the study of multiple physiological phenomena in healthy and injured brains. Therefore, we developed a toolbox with the capability to induce targeted cortical lesions, monitor dynamics of underlying cortical microvasculature, and record and stimulate neural activity. With this toolbox, we can enhance our understanding of cortical functions, investigate functional recovery mechanisms, test stimulation-based interventions, and integrate physiological and behavioral findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Khateeb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julien Bloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jasmine Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mona Rahimi
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Devon J. Griggs
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Viktor N. Kharazia
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Minh N. Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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55
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Hirai A, Sugio S, Nimako C, Nakayama SMM, Kato K, Takahashi K, Arizono K, Hirano T, Hoshi N, Fujioka K, Taira K, Ishizuka M, Wake H, Ikenaka Y. Ca 2+ imaging with two-photon microscopy to detect the disruption of brain function in mice administered neonicotinoid insecticides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5114. [PMID: 35332220 PMCID: PMC8948258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides are a class of insecticides that reportedly have harmful effects on bees and dragonflies, causing a reduction in their numbers. Neonicotinoids act as neuroreceptor modulators, and some studies have reported their association with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the precise effect of neonicotinoids on the central nervous system has not yet been identified. Herein, we conducted in vivo Ca2+ imaging using a two-photon microscope to detect the abnormal activity of neuronal circuits in the brain after neonicotinoid application. The oral administration of acetamiprid (ACE) (20 mg/kg body weight (BW) in mature mice with a quantity less than the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and a tenth or half of the median lethal dose (LD50) of nicotine (0.33 or 1.65 mg/kg BW, respectively), as a typical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, increased anxiety-like behavior associated with altered activities of the neuronal population in the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, we detected ACE and its metabolites in the brain, 1 h after ACE administration. The results suggested that in vivo Ca2+ imaging using a two-photon microscope enabled the highly sensitive detection of neurotoxicant-mediated brain disturbance of nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Hirai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumi-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Collins Nimako
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Student Affairs Section, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujioka
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kumiko Taira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center East, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumi-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan. .,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa. .,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan. .,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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56
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Dugré JR, Eickhoff SB, Potvin S. Meta-analytical transdiagnostic neural correlates in common pediatric psychiatric disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4909. [PMID: 35318371 PMCID: PMC8941086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, neuroimaging studies have attempted to unveil the neurobiological markers underlying pediatric psychiatric disorders. Yet, the vast majority of neuroimaging studies still focus on a single nosological category, which limit our understanding of the shared/specific neural correlates between these disorders. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the transdiagnostic neural correlates through a novel and data-driven meta-analytical method. A data-driven meta-analysis was carried out which grouped similar experiments’ topographic map together, irrespectively of nosological categories and task-characteristics. Then, activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was performed on each group of experiments to extract spatially convergent brain regions. One hundred forty-seven experiments were retrieved (3124 cases compared to 3100 controls): 79 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 32 conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, 14 anxiety disorders, 22 major depressive disorders. Four significant groups of experiments were observed. Functional characterization suggested that these groups of aberrant brain regions may be implicated internally/externally directed processes, attentional control of affect, somato-motor and visual processes. Furthermore, despite that some differences in rates of studies involving major depressive disorders were noticed, nosological categories were evenly distributed between these four sets of regions. Our results may reflect transdiagnostic neural correlates of pediatric psychiatric disorders, but also underscore the importance of studying pediatric psychiatric disorders simultaneously rather than independently to examine differences between disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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57
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Kato T, Kaneko N, Sasaki A, Endo N, Yuasa A, Milosevic M, Watanabe K, Nakazawa K. Corticospinal excitability and somatosensory information processing of the lower limb muscle during upper limb voluntary or electrically induced muscle contractions. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1810-1824. [PMID: 35274383 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural interactions between upper and lower limbs underlie motor coordination in humans. Specifically, upper limb voluntary muscle contraction can facilitate spinal and corticospinal excitability of the lower limb muscles. However, little remains known on the involvement of somatosensory information in arm-leg neural interactions. Here, we investigated effects of voluntary and electrically induced wrist flexion on corticospinal excitability and somatosensory information processing of the lower limbs. In Experiment 1, we measured transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the resting soleus (SOL) muscle at rest or during voluntary or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-induced wrist flexion. The wrist flexion force was matched to 10% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). We found that SOL MEPs were significantly increased during voluntary, but not NMES-induced, wrist flexion, compared to the rest (P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, we examined somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following tibial nerve stimulation under the same conditions. The results showed that SEPs were unchanged during both voluntary and NMES-induced wrist flexion. In Experiment 3, we examined the modulation of SEPs during 10%, 20%, and 30% MVC voluntary wrist flexion. During 30% MVC voluntary wrist flexion, P50-N70 SEP component was significantly attenuated compared to the rest (P = 0.003). Our results propose that the somatosensory information generated by NMES-induced upper limb muscle contractions may have a limited effect on corticospinal excitability and somatosensory information processing of the lower limbs. However, voluntary wrist flexion modulated corticospinal excitability and somatosensory information processing of the lower limbs via motor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Kaneko
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Endo
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yuasa
- Department of rehabilitation medicine I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Matija Milosevic
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Arts, Design & Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Proulx CE, Louis Jean MT, Higgins J, Gagnon DH, Dancause N. Somesthetic, Visual, and Auditory Feedback and Their Interactions Applied to Upper Limb Neurorehabilitation Technology: A Narrative Review to Facilitate Contextualization of Knowledge. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:789479. [PMID: 36188924 PMCID: PMC9397809 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.789479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reduced hand dexterity is a common component of sensorimotor impairments for individuals after stroke. To improve hand function, innovative rehabilitation interventions are constantly developed and tested. In this context, technology-based interventions for hand rehabilitation have been emerging rapidly. This paper offers an overview of basic knowledge on post lesion plasticity and sensorimotor integration processes in the context of augmented feedback and new rehabilitation technologies, in particular virtual reality and soft robotic gloves. We also discuss some factors to consider related to the incorporation of augmented feedback in the development of technology-based interventions in rehabilitation. This includes factors related to feedback delivery parameter design, task complexity and heterogeneity of sensory deficits in individuals affected by a stroke. In spite of the current limitations in our understanding of the mechanisms involved when using new rehabilitation technologies, the multimodal augmented feedback approach appears promising and may provide meaningful ways to optimize recovery after stroke. Moving forward, we argue that comparative studies allowing stratification of the augmented feedback delivery parameters based upon different biomarkers, lesion characteristics or impairments should be advocated (e.g., injured hemisphere, lesion location, lesion volume, sensorimotor impairments). Ultimately, we envision that treatment design should combine augmented feedback of multiple modalities, carefully adapted to the specific condition of the individuals affected by a stroke and that evolves along with recovery. This would better align with the new trend in stroke rehabilitation which challenges the popular idea of the existence of an ultimate good-for-all intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E. Proulx
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal – Site Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Camille E. Proulx
| | | | - Johanne Higgins
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal – Site Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dany H. Gagnon
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal – Site Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Numa Dancause
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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59
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Pondelis NJ, Moulton EA. Supraspinal Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Pain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:768649. [PMID: 35211480 PMCID: PMC8862711 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.768649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Supraspinal mechanisms of pain are increasingly understood to underlie neuropathic ocular conditions previously thought to be exclusively peripheral in nature. Isolating individual causes of centralized chronic conditions and differentiating them is critical to understanding the mechanisms underlying neuropathic eye pain and ultimately its treatment. Though few functional imaging studies have focused on the eye as an end-organ for the transduction of noxious stimuli, the brain networks related to pain processing have been extensively studied with functional neuroimaging over the past 20 years. This article will review the supraspinal mechanisms that underlie pain as they relate to the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Pondelis
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric A Moulton
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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60
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Saltão da Silva MA, Baune NA, Belagaje S, Borich MR. Clinical Imaging-Derived Metrics of Corticospinal Tract Structural Integrity Are Associated With Post-stroke Motor Outcomes: A Retrospective Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:804133. [PMID: 35250812 PMCID: PMC8893034 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.804133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate associations between clinical magnetic resonance imaging-based (MRI) metrics of corticospinal tract (CST) status and paretic upper extremity (PUE) motor recovery in patients that completed acute inpatient rehabilitation (AR) post-stroke. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal chart review of patients post-stroke who received care in the Emory University Hospital system during acute hospitalization, AR, and outpatient therapy. We extracted demographic information, stroke characteristics, and longitudinal documentation of post-stroke motor function from institutional electronic medical records. Serial assessments of paretic shoulder abduction and finger extension were estimated (E-SAFE) and an estimated Action Research Arm Test (E-ARAT) score was used to quantify 3-month PUE motor function outcome. Clinically-diagnostic MRI were used to create lesion masks that were spatially normalized and overlaid onto a white matter tract atlas delineating CST contributions emanating from six cortical seed regions to obtain the percentage of CST lesion overlap. Metric associations were investigated with correlation and cluster analyses, Kruskal-Wallis tests, classification and regression tree analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four patients met study eligibility criteria. All CST overlap percentages were correlated with E-ARAT however, ventral premotor tract (PMv) overlap was the only tract that remained significantly correlated after multiple comparisons adjustment. Lesion overlap percentage in CST contributions from all seed regions was significantly different between outcome categories. Using MRI metrics alone, dorsal premotor (PMd) and PMv tracts classified recovery outcome category with 79.4% accuracy. When clinical and MRI metrics were combined, AR E-SAFE, patient age, and overall CST lesion overlap classified patients with 88.2% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Study findings revealed clinical MRI-derived CST lesion overlap was associated with PUE motor outcome post-stroke and that cortical projections within the CST, particularly those emanating from non-M1 cortical areas, prominently ventral premotor (PMv) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices, distinguished between PUE outcome groups. Exploratory predictive models using clinical MRI metrics, either alone or in combination with clinical measures, were able to accurately identify recovery outcome category for the study cohort during both the acute and early subacute phases of post-stroke recovery. Prospective studies are recommended to determine the predictive utility of including clinical imaging-based biomarkers of white matter tract structural integrity in predictive models of post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Saltão da Silva
- Neural Plasticity Research Laboratory, Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nathan Allen Baune
- Neural Plasticity Research Laboratory, Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samir Belagaje
- Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael R. Borich
- Neural Plasticity Research Laboratory, Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Özen Ö, Buetler KA, Marchal-Crespo L. Towards functional robotic training: motor learning of dynamic tasks is enhanced by haptic rendering but hampered by arm weight support. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35152897 PMCID: PMC8842890 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-00993-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current robot-aided training allows for high-intensity training but might hamper the transfer of learned skills to real daily tasks. Many of these tasks, e.g., carrying a cup of coffee, require manipulating objects with complex dynamics. Thus, the absence of somatosensory information regarding the interaction with virtual objects during robot-aided training might be limiting the potential benefits of robotic training on motor (re)learning. We hypothesize that providing somatosensory information through the haptic rendering of virtual environments might enhance motor learning and skill transfer. Furthermore, the inclusion of haptic rendering might increase the task realism, enhancing participants’ agency and motivation. Providing arm weight support during training might also enhance learning by limiting participants’ fatigue. Methods We conducted a study with 40 healthy participants to evaluate how haptic rendering and arm weight support affect motor learning and skill transfer of a dynamic task. The task consisted of inverting a virtual pendulum whose dynamics were haptically rendered on an exoskeleton robot designed for upper limb neurorehabilitation. Participants trained with or without haptic rendering and with or without weight support. Participants’ task performance, movement strategy, effort, motivation, and agency were evaluated during baseline, short- and long-term retention. We also evaluated if the skills acquired during training transferred to a similar task with a shorter pendulum. Results We found that haptic rendering significantly increases participants’ movement variability during training and the ability to synchronize their movements with the pendulum, which is correlated with better performance. Weight support also enhances participants’ movement variability during training and reduces participants’ physical effort. Importantly, we found that training with haptic rendering enhances motor learning and skill transfer, while training with weight support hampers learning compared to training without weight support. We did not observe any significant differences between training modalities regarding agency and motivation during training and retention tests. Conclusion Haptic rendering is a promising tool to boost robot-aided motor learning and skill transfer to tasks with similar dynamics. However, further work is needed to find how to simultaneously provide robotic assistance and haptic rendering without hampering motor learning, especially in brain-injured patients. Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04759976 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12984-022-00993-w.
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Li D, Liu R, Meng L, Xiong P, Ren H, Zhang L, Gao Y. Abnormal Ventral Somatomotor Network Homogeneity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:877956. [PMID: 35782421 PMCID: PMC9247252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.877956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of functional connectivity in the somatomotor network have been thought to play an essential role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, there has been no network homogeneity (NH) study about the ventral somatomotor network (VSN) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Therefore, we explored the NH of the VSN in TLE patients in this study. METHODS The sample included 52 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy, 83 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy, and 68 healthy controls. The NH method was utilized to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS Compared to the controls, rTLE patients had significantly higher NH in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, and significantly lower NH in the bilateral Rolandic operculum and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). The NH values of the left postcentral gyrus were significantly higher in lTLE patients than in the healthy controls, and lTLE patients had lower NH in the right Rolandic operculum. The altered NH in the postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with the illness duration, and the decreased NH in the left Rolandic operculum was negatively correlated with the executive control reaction time (ECRT). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that altered NH of the postcentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum and STG might be associated with the pathophysiology of TLE, and thus, highlight the contribution of the VSN to the pathophysiology of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Sleep, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingan Xiong
- Department of Taihe Hospital Reproductive Medicine Center Affiliated To Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated To Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zlatkina V, Sprung-Much T, Petrides M. Spatial probability maps of the segments of the postcentral sulcus in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3651-3668. [PMID: 34963136 PMCID: PMC9433426 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The postcentral sulcus is the posterior boundary of the postcentral gyrus where the somatosensory cortex is represented. In the human brain, the postcentral sulcus is composed of five distinct segments that are related to the somatosensory representation of different parts of the body. Segment 1 of the postcentral sulcus, located near the dorsomedial boundary of each hemisphere, is associated with toe/leg representations, segment 2 with arm/hand representations, segment 3 with blinking, and segments 4 and 5, which are near the lateral fissure and the parietal operculum, with the mouth and tongue representations. The variability in location and spatial extent of these five segments were quantified in 40 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical brain scans registered to the stereotaxic space of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI space), in the form of volumetric (using MINC Toolkit) and surface (using FreeSurfer) spatial probability maps. These probability maps can be used by researchers and clinicians to improve the localization of the segments of the postcentral sulcus in MRI images of interest and also to improve the interpretation of the location of activation peaks generated in functional neuroimaging studies investigating somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zlatkina
- Address correspondence to Veronika Zlatkina, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Trisanna Sprung-Much
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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Davis M, Wang Y, Bao S, Buchanan JJ, Wright DL, Lei Y. The Interactions Between Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortex during Human Grasping Behaviors. Neuroscience 2021; 485:1-11. [PMID: 34848261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Afferent inputs to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are differentially processed during precision and power grip in humans. However, it remains unclear how S1 interacts with the primary motor cortex (M1) during these two grasping behaviors. To address this question, we measured short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), reflecting S1-M1 interactions via thalamo-cortical pathways, using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during precision and power grip. The TMS coil over the hand representation of M1 was oriented in the posterior-anterior (PA) and anterior-posterior (AP) direction to activate distinct sets of corticospinal neurons. We found that SAI increased during precision compared with power grip when AP, but not PA, currents were applied. Notably, SAI tested in the AP direction were similar during two-digit than five-digit precision grip. The M1 receives movement information from S1 through direct cortico-cortical pathways, so intra-hemispheric S1-M1 interactions using dual-site TMS were also evaluated. Stimulation of S1 attenuated M1 excitability (S1-M1 inhibition) during precision and power grip, while the S1-M1 inhibition ratio remained similar across tasks. Taken together,our findings suggest that distinct neural mechanisms for S1-M1 interactions mediate precision and power grip, presumably by modulating neural activity along thalamo-cortical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Davis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Shancheng Bao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - John J Buchanan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - David L Wright
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yuming Lei
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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Yao LL, Yuan S, Wu ZN, Luo JY, Tang XR, Tang CZ, Cui S, Xu NG. Contralateral S1 function is involved in electroacupuncture treatment-mediated recovery after focal unilateral M1 infarction. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1310-1317. [PMID: 34782576 PMCID: PMC8643050 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture at acupoints Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) has been shown to promote functional recovery after stroke. However, the contribution of the contralateral primary sensory cortex (S1) to recovery remains unclear. In this study, unilateral local ischemic infarction of the primary motor cortex (M1) was induced by photothrombosis in a mouse model. Electroacupuncture (EA) was subsequently performed at acupoints GV20 and GV14 and neuronal activity and functional connectivity of contralateral S1 and M1 were detected using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recording techniques. Our results showed that blood perfusion and neuronal interaction between contralateral M1 and S1 is impaired after unilateral M1 infarction. Intrinsic neuronal excitability and activity were also disturbed, which was rescued by EA. Furthermore, the effectiveness of EA treatment was inhibited after virus-mediated neuronal ablation of the contralateral S1. We conclude that neuronal activity of the contralateral S1 is important for EA-mediated recovery after focal M1 infarction. Our study provides insight into how the S1–M1 circuit might be involved in the mechanism of EA treatment of unilateral cerebral infarction. The animal experiments were approved by the Committee for Care and Use of Research Animals of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (approval No. 20200407009) April 7, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Yuan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Yu Luo
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Alves-Pinto A, Emch M, Lampe R. Effects of Piano Training in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Using Probabilistic and Deterministic Tractography: A Case Report. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:622082. [PMID: 34744658 PMCID: PMC8567167 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.622082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term encompassing motor and often additional disabilities, resulting from insult to the developing brain and remaining throughout life. Imaging-detected alterations in white matter microstructure affect not only motor but also sensorimotor pathways. In this context, piano training is believed to promote sensorimotor rehabilitation for the multiplicity of skills and neuronal processes it involves and integrates. However, it remains unknown how this contribution may occur. Here, effects of 1.5 years of piano training in an adolescent with unilateral CP were investigated through tests of manual function and by comparing fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial and axial diffusivity in neuronal pathways pre- vs. post-training. In the absence of a control condition and of data from a larger cohort, both probabilistic neighborhood and deterministic tractography were employed to reduce bias associated with a single-case analysis and/or with user-input. No changes in manual function were detected with the tests performed. In turn, the two tractography methods yielded similar values for all studied metrics. Furthermore, post-hoc analyses yielded increased fractional anisotropy accompanied by decreases in mean diffusivity in the bilateral dorsal cingulate that were at least as large as and more consistent than in the bilateral corticospinal tract. This suggests contributions of training to the development of non-motor processes. Reduced anisotropy and correspondingly high mean diffusivity were observed for the bilateral corticospinal tract as well as for the right arcuate and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, two sensory processing-related pathways, confirming the importance of sensorimotor rehabilitation in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alves-Pinto
- Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Orthopaedic Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica Emch
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Renée Lampe
- Research Unit of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation for Pediatric Neuroorthopaedics and Cerebral Palsy, Orthopaedic Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Markus Würth Stiftungsprofessur, Munich, Germany
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Convergence of forepaw somatosensory and motor cortical projections in the striatum, claustrum, thalamus, and pontine nuclei of cats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:361-379. [PMID: 34665323 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia and pontocerebellar systems regulate somesthetic-guided motor behaviors and receive prominent inputs from sensorimotor cortex. In addition, the claustrum and thalamus are forebrain subcortical structures that have connections with somatosensory and motor cortices. Our previous studies in rats have shown that primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2) send overlapping projections to the neostriatum and pontine nuclei, whereas, overlap of primary motor cortex (M1) and S1 was much weaker. In addition, we have shown that M1, but not S1, projects to the claustrum in rats. The goal of the current study was to compare these rodent projection patterns with connections in cats, a mammalian species that evolved in a separate phylogenetic superorder. Three different anterograde tracers were injected into the physiologically identified forepaw representations of M1, S1, and S2 in cats. Labeled fibers terminated throughout the ipsilateral striatum (caudate and putamen), claustrum, thalamus, and pontine nuclei. Digital reconstructions of tracer labeling allowed us to quantify both the normalized distribution of labeling in each subcortical area from each tracer injection, as well as the amount of tracer overlap. Surprisingly, in contrast to our previous findings in rodents, we observed M1 and S1 projections converging prominently in striatum and pons, whereas, S1 and S2 overlap was much weaker. Furthermore, whereas, rat S1 does not project to claustrum, we confirmed dense claustral inputs from S1 in cats. These findings suggest that the basal ganglia, claustrum, and pontocerebellar systems in rat and cat have evolved distinct patterns of sensorimotor cortical convergence.
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Rahimi F, Nejati V, Nassadj G, Ziaei B, Mohammadi HK. The effect of transcranial direct stimulation as an add-on treatment to conventional physical therapy on pain intensity and functional ability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:507-516. [PMID: 34518098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of adding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to conventional physiotherapy treatment (PT) on pain and performance of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS Eighty people suffering from chronic KOA participated in this study. They were randomly divided into four treatment groups, including PT combined with tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1), PT combined with tDCS over the primary sensory cortex (S1), PT combined with tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and PT combined with sham tDCS. A visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire for knee-related disability, and several performance tests (stepping 15 s, chair stand test in 30 s, and walking 4 × 10 m) were used for assessment following 10 sessions of tDCS (T1), and one month after the last session of tDCS (T2). RESULTS Differential effects on pain intensity, knee-related disability, and performance were found between groups. Compared to sham tDCS: (i) tDCS over M1 improved VAS pain score, KOOS disability score, and performance tests at T1 and T2; (ii) tDCS over S1 improved VAS pain score at T1 and T2 and KOOS disability score and performance tests at T2; (iii) tDCS over the DLPFC improved VAS pain score at T1 and performance tests at T1 and T2. CONCLUSION tDCS could be a beneficial add-on treatment to conventional PT for pain relief, disability reduction and functional improvement in patients with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahimi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation School, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Cognitive Neurosciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Nassadj
- Department of Physiotherapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation School, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Bahare Ziaei
- Department of Physiotherapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation School, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kouhzad Mohammadi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation School, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Cahill LS, Lannin NA, Purvis T, Cadilhac DA, Mak-Yuen Y, O'Connor DA, Carey LM. What is "usual care" in the rehabilitation of upper limb sensory loss after stroke? Results from a national audit and knowledge translation study. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:6462-6470. [PMID: 34498991 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1964620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterise the assessments and treatments that comprise "usual care" for stroke patients with somatosensory loss, and whether usual care has changed over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comparison of cross-sectional, observational data from (1) Stroke Foundation National Audit of Acute (2007-2019) and Rehabilitation (2010-2018) Stroke Services and (2) the SENSe Implement multi-site knowledge translation study with occupational therapists and physiotherapists (n = 115). Descriptive statistics, random effects logistic regression, and content analysis were used. RESULTS Acute hospitals (n = 172) contributed 24 996 cases across audits from 2007 to 2019 (median patient age 76 years, 54% male). Rehabilitation services (n = 134) contributed organisational survey data from 2010 to 2014, with 7165 cases (median 76 years, 55% male) across 2016-2018 clinical audits (n = 127 services). Somatoensory assessment protocol use increased from 53% (2007) to 86% (2019) (odds ratio 11.4, 95% CI 5.0-25.6). Reported use of sensory-specific retraining remained stable over time (90-93%). Therapist practice reports for n = 86 patients with somatosensory loss revealed 16% did not receive somatosensory rehabilitation. The most common treatment approaches were sensory rehabilitation using everyday activities (69%), sensory re-education (68%), and compensatory strategies (64%). CONCLUSION Sensory assessment protocol use has increased over time while sensory-specific training has remained stable. Sensory rehabilitation in the context of everyday activities is a common treatment approach. Clinical trial registration number: ACTRN12615000933550IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONOnly a small proportion of upper limb assessments conducted with stroke patients focus specifically on sensation; increased use of standardised upper limb assessments for sensory loss is needed.Stroke patients assessed as having upper limb sensory loss frequently do not receive treatment for their deficits.Therapists typically use everyday activities to treat upper limb sensory loss and may require upskilling in sensory-specific retraining to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S Cahill
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natasha A Lannin
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurosciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Allied Health (Occupational Therapy), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tara Purvis
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Public Health and Health Services Evaluation, Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Yvonne Mak-Yuen
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Denise A O'Connor
- Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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McCann B, Levman J, Baumer N, Lam MY, Shiohama T, Cogger L, MacDonald A, Ijner P, Takahashi E. Structural magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates volumetric brain abnormalities in down syndrome: Newborns to young adults. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102815. [PMID: 34520978 PMCID: PMC8441087 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 and characterized by intellectual disability. We hypothesize that performing a retrospective analysis of 73 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of participants with DS (aged 0 to 22 years) and comparing them to a large cohort of 993 brain MRI examinations of neurotypical participants (aged 0 to 32 years), will assist in better understanding what brain differences may explain phenotypic developmental features in DS, as well as to provide valuable confirmation of prospective literature findings clinically. Measurements for both absolute volumes and volumes corrected as a percentage of estimated total intracranial volume (%ETIV) were extracted from each examination. Our results presented novel findings such as volume increases (%ETIV) in the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, choroid plexus, and Brodmann's areas (BA) 3a, 3b, and 44, as well as volume decreases (%ETIV) in the white matter of the cuneus, the paracentral lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the supramarginal gyrus. We also confirmed volumetric brain abnormalities previously discussed in the literature. Findings suggest the presence of volumetric brain abnormalities in DS that can be detected clinically with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette McCann
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Jacob Levman
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | - Nicole Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie Y Lam
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Liam Cogger
- Department of Education, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Allissa MacDonald
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Prahar Ijner
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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71
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Astrakas LG, Li S, Ottensmeyer MP, Pusatere C, Moskowitz MA, Tzika AA. Peak Activation Shifts in the Sensorimotor Cortex of Chronic Stroke Patients Following Robot-assisted Rehabilitation Therapy. Open Neuroimag J 2021; 14:8-15. [PMID: 34434290 PMCID: PMC8384467 DOI: 10.2174/1874440002114010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of complex chronic disability and the third leading cause of death worldwide. In recovering stroke patients, peak activation within the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during the performance of a simple motor task has been shown to exhibit an anterior shift in many studies and a posterior shift in other studies. Objective: We investigated this discrepancy in chronic stroke patients who completed a robot-assisted rehabilitation therapy program. Methods: Eight chronic stroke patients with an intact M1 and 13 Healthy Control (HC) volunteers underwent 300 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans while performing a grip task at different force levels with a robotic device. The patients were trained with the same robotic device over a 10-week intervention period and their progress was evaluated serially with the Fugl-Meyer and Modified Ashworth scales. Repeated measure analyses were used to assess group differences in locations of peak activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SM) and the relationship of such changes with scores on the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM UE) scale. Results: Patients moving their stroke-affected hand had proportionally more peak activations in the primary motor area and fewer peak activations in the somatosensory cortex than the healthy controls (P=0.009). They also showed an anterior shift of peak activity on average of 5.3-mm (P<0.001). The shift correlated negatively with FM UE scores (P=0.002). Conclusion: A stroke rehabilitation grip task with a robotic device was confirmed to be feasible during fMRI scanning and thus amenable to be used to assess plastic changes in neurological motor activity. Location of peak activity in the SM is a promising clinical neuroimaging index for the evaluation and monitoring of chronic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas G Astrakas
- Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Shasha Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,NMR Surgical Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark P Ottensmeyer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Medical Device & Simulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Pusatere
- NMR Surgical Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Moskowitz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroscience Center, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Aria Tzika
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,NMR Surgical Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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72
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Jie J, Fan M, Yang Y, Luo P, Wang Y, Li J, Chen W, Zhuang M, Zheng X. Establishing a Counter-Empathy Processing Model: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:nsab097. [PMID: 34415030 PMCID: PMC8881639 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Counter-empathy significantly affects people's social lives. Previous evidence indicates that the degree of counter-empathy can be either strong or weak. Strong counter-empathy easily occurs when empathizers are prejudiced against the targets of empathy (e.g., prejudice against outgroup members) and activates brain regions that are opposite to those activated by empathy. Weak counter-empathy may have different neural processing paths from strong one, but its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, we used an unfair distribution paradigm, which can reduce participants' prejudice against persons empathized with, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the neural mechanisms underlying counter-empathy. Here, empathy and counter-empathy shared a common neural mechanism, induced by unfair distribution, in the right middle temporal gyrus. Counter-empathy activated distinct brain regions that differed from those of empathic responses in different situations. The functions of these brain regions, which included the middle frontal, middle temporal and left medial superior gyri, were similar and mostly related to emotional regulation and cognitive processing. Here, we propose a process model of counter-empathy, involving two processing paths according to whether or not prejudice exists. This study has theoretical significance and broadens our understanding of the cognitive neural mechanisms underlying empathy and counter-empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jie
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Min Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- School of Educational Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 414000, China
| | - Pinchao Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Teacher’s Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengdi Zhuang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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73
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Giannopulu I, Mizutani H. Neural Kinesthetic Contribution to Motor Imagery of Body Parts: Tongue, Hands, and Feet. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:602723. [PMID: 34335202 PMCID: PMC8316994 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.602723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is assimilated to a perception-action process, which is mentally represented. Although several models suggest that MI, and its equivalent motor execution, engage very similar brain areas, the mechanisms underlying MI and their associated components are still under investigation today. Using 22 Ag/AgCl EEG electrodes, 19 healthy participants (nine males and 10 females) with an average age of 25.8 years old (sd = 3.5 years) were required to imagine moving several parts of their body (i.e., first-person perspective) one by one: left and right hand, tongue, and feet. Network connectivity analysis based on graph theory, together with a correlational analysis, were performed on the data. The findings suggest evidence for motor and somesthetic neural synchronization and underline the role of the parietofrontal network for the tongue imagery task only. At both unilateral and bilateral cortical levels, only the tongue imagery task appears to be associated with motor and somatosensory representations, that is, kinesthetic representations, which might contribute to verbal actions. As such, the present findings suggest the idea that imagined tongue movements, involving segmentary kinesthetic actions, could be the prerequisite of language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Giannopulu
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Artificial Mind, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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74
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Huels ER, Groenhout T, Fields CW, Liu T, Mashour GA, Pal D. Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:690717. [PMID: 34305541 PMCID: PMC8299111 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.690717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies aimed at investigating brain regions involved in arousal state control have been traditionally limited to subcortical structures. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not two subregions within parietal cortex—somatosensory barrel field and medial/lateral parietal association cortex—would suppress arousal, as measured by an increase in anesthetic sensitivity. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were surgically prepared for recording electroencephalogram and bilateral infusion into prefrontal cortex (N = 13), somatosensory barrel field (N = 10), or medial/lateral parietal association cortex (N = 9). After at least 10 days of post-surgical recovery, 156 μM tetrodotoxin or saline was microinjected into one of the cortical sites. Ninety minutes after injection, rats were anesthetized with 2.5% sevoflurane and the time to loss of righting reflex, a surrogate for loss of consciousness, was measured. Sevoflurane was stopped after 45 min and the time to return of righting reflex, a surrogate for return of consciousness, was measured. Tetrodotoxin-mediated inactivation of all three cortical sites decreased (p < 0.05) the time to loss of righting reflex. By contrast, only inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not somatosensory barrel field or medial/lateral parietal association cortex, increased (p < 0.001) the time to return of righting reflex. Burst suppression ratio was not altered following inactivation of any of the cortical sites, suggesting that there was no global effect due to pharmacologic lesion. These findings demonstrate that prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in emergence from anesthesia and behavioral arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Huels
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Trent Groenhout
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christopher W Fields
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tiecheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dinesh Pal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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75
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Gale DJ, Flanagan JR, Gallivan JP. Human Somatosensory Cortex Is Modulated during Motor Planning. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5909-5922. [PMID: 34035139 PMCID: PMC8265805 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0342-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data and motor control theory argues that movement planning involves preparing the neural state of primary motor cortex (M1) for forthcoming action execution. Theories related to internal models, feedback control, and predictive coding also emphasize the importance of sensory prediction (and processing) before (and during) the movement itself, explaining why motor-related deficits can arise from damage to primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Motivated by this work, here we examined whether motor planning, in addition to changing the neural state of M1, changes the neural state of S1, preparing it for the sensory feedback that arises during action. We tested this idea in two human functional MRI studies (N = 31, 16 females) involving delayed object manipulation tasks, focusing our analysis on premovement activity patterns in M1 and S1. We found that the motor effector to be used in the upcoming action could be decoded, well before movement, from neural activity in M1 in both studies. Critically, we found that this effector information was also present, well before movement, in S1. In particular, we found that the encoding of effector information in area 3b (S1 proper) was linked to the contralateral hand, similarly to that found in M1, whereas in areas 1 and 2 this encoding was present in both the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres. Together, these findings suggest that motor planning not only prepares the motor system for movement but also changes the neural state of the somatosensory system, presumably allowing it to anticipate the sensory information received during movement.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Whereas recent work on motor cortex has emphasized the critical role of movement planning in preparing neural activity for movement generation, it has not investigated the extent to which planning also modulates the activity in the adjacent primary somatosensory cortex. This reflects a key gap in knowledge, given that recent motor control theories emphasize the importance of sensory feedback processing in effective movement generation. Here, we find through a convergence of experiments and analyses, that the planning of object manipulation tasks, in addition to modulating the activity in the motor cortex, changes the state of neural activity in different subfields of the human S1. We suggest that this modulation prepares the S1 for the sensory information it will receive during action execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gale
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Randall Flanagan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jason P Gallivan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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76
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Simchick G, Scheulin KM, Sun W, Sneed SE, Fagan MM, Cheek SR, West FD, Zhao Q. Detecting functional connectivity disruptions in a translational pediatric traumatic brain injury porcine model using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12406. [PMID: 34117318 PMCID: PMC8196021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has significant potential to evaluate changes in brain network activity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and enable early prognosis of potential functional (e.g., motor, cognitive, behavior) deficits. In this study, resting-state and task-based fMRI (rs- and tb-fMRI) were utilized to examine network changes in a pediatric porcine TBI model that has increased predictive potential in the development of novel therapies. rs- and tb-fMRI were performed one day post-TBI in piglets. Activation maps were generated using group independent component analysis (ICA) and sparse dictionary learning (sDL). Activation maps were compared to pig reference functional connectivity atlases and evaluated using Pearson spatial correlation coefficients and mean ratios. Nonparametric permutation analyses were used to determine significantly different activation areas between the TBI and healthy control groups. Significantly lower Pearson values and mean ratios were observed in the visual, executive control, and sensorimotor networks for TBI piglets compared to controls. Significant differences were also observed within several specific individual anatomical structures within each network. In conclusion, both rs- and tb-fMRI demonstrate the ability to detect functional connectivity disruptions in a translational TBI piglet model, and these disruptions can be traced to specific affected anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Simchick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive Rm 119, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wenwu Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive Rm 119, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sydney E Sneed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Madison M Fagan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Savannah R Cheek
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive Rm 119, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, 425 River Road Rm 316, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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77
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Kurose S, Kubota M, Takahata K, Yamamoto Y, Fujiwara H, Kimura Y, Ito H, Takeuchi H, Mimura M, Suhara T, Higuchi M. Relationship between regional gray matter volumes and dopamine D 2 receptor and transporter in living human brains. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4048-4058. [PMID: 34014611 PMCID: PMC8288088 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although striatal dopamine neurotransmission is believed to be functionally linked to the formation of the corticostriatal network, there has been little evidence for this regulatory process in the human brain and its disruptions in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate associations of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and D2 receptor availabilities with gray matter (GM) volumes in healthy humans. Positron emission tomography images of D2 receptor (n = 34) and DAT (n = 17) captured with the specific radioligands [11C]raclopride and [18F]FE‐PE2I, respectively, were acquired along with T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in our previous studies, and were re‐analyzed in this work. We quantified the binding potentials (BPND) of these radioligands in the limbic, executive, and sensorimotor functional subregions of the striatum. Correlations between the radioligand BPND and regional GM volume were then examined by voxel‐based morphometry. In line with the functional and anatomical connectivity, [11C]raclopride BPND in the limbic striatum was positively correlated with volumes of the uncal/parahippocampal gyrus and adjacent temporal areas. Similarly, we found positive correlations between the BPND of this radioligand in the executive striatum and volumes of the prefrontal cortices and their adjacent areas as well as between the BPND in the sensorimotor striatum and volumes of the somatosensory and supplementary motor areas. By contrast, no significant correlation was found between [18F]FE‐PE2I BPND and regional GM volumes. Our results suggest unique structural and functional corticostriatal associations involving D2 receptor in healthy humans, which might be partially independent of the nigrostriatal pathway reflected by striatal DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kurose
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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78
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De Bruyn N, Saenen L, Thijs L, Van Gils A, Ceulemans E, Essers B, Alaerts K, Verheyden G. Brain connectivity alterations after additional sensorimotor or motor therapy for the upper limb in the early-phase post stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab074. [PMID: 33937771 PMCID: PMC8072522 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory function plays an important role for upper limb motor learning. However, knowledge about underlying mechanisms of sensorimotor therapy is lacking. We aim to investigate differences in therapy-induced resting-state functional connectivity changes between additional sensorimotor compared with motor therapy in the early-phase post stroke. Thirty first-stroke patients with a sensorimotor impairment were included for an assessor-blinded multi-centre randomized controlled trial within 8 weeks post stroke [13 (43%) females; mean age: 67 ± 13 years; mean time post stroke: 43 ± 13 days]. Patients were randomly assigned to additional sensorimotor (n = 18) or motor (n = 12) therapy, receiving 16 h of additional therapy within 4 weeks. Sensorimotor evaluations and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2) and after 4 weeks follow-up (T3). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was also performed in an age-matched healthy control group (n = 19) to identify patterns of aberrant connectivity in stroke patients between hemispheres, or within ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres. Mixed model analysis investigated session and treatment effects between stroke therapy groups. Non-parametric partial correlations were used to investigate brain−behaviour associations with age and frame-wise displacement as nuisance regressors. Connections within the contralesional hemisphere that showed hypo-connectivity in subacute stroke patients (compared with healthy controls) showed a trend towards a more pronounced pre-to-post normalization (less hypo-connectivity) in the motor therapy group, compared with the sensorimotor therapy group (mean estimated difference = −0.155 ± 0.061; P = 0.02). Further, the motor therapy group also tended to show a further pre-to-post increase in functional connectivity strength among connections that already showed hyper-connectivity in the stroke patients at baseline versus healthy controls (mean estimated difference = −0.144 ± 0.072; P = 0.06). Notably, these observed increases in hyper-connectivity of the contralesional hemisphere were positively associated with improvements in functional activity (r = 0.48), providing indications that these patterns of hyper-connectivity are compensatory in nature. The sensorimotor and motor therapy group showed no significant differences in terms of pre-to-post changes in inter-hemispheric connectivity or ipsilesional intrahemispheric connectivity. While effects are only tentative within this preliminary sample, results suggest a possible stronger normalization of hypo-connectivity and a stronger pre-to-post increase in compensatory hyper-connectivity of the contralesional hemisphere after motor therapy compared with sensorimotor therapy. Future studies with larger patient samples are however recommended to confirm these trend-based preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele De Bruyn
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Saenen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liselot Thijs
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Van Gils
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bea Essers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Alaerts
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Cai Z, Lei G, Li J, Shen Y, Gu Y, Feng J, Xu W. Aberrant central plasticity underlying synchronous sensory phenomena in brachial plexus injuries after contralateral cervical seventh nerve transfer. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02064. [PMID: 33548117 PMCID: PMC8035429 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Contralateral cervical seventh (C7) nerve transfer aids motor and sensory recovery in total brachial plexus avulsion injuries (TBPI), but synchronous sensation often persists postoperatively. The mechanism underlying synchronous sensory phenomena remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of central plasticity in sensory recovery after contralateral C7 nerve transfer. METHODS Sixteen right TBPI patients who received contralateral C7 nerve transfer for more than 2 years were included. Sensory evaluations included Semmes-Weinstein monofilament assessment (SWM), synchronous sensation test, and sensory evoked action potential (SNAP) test. Smaller value in the SWM assessment and larger amplitude of SNAP indicates better tactile sensory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed while stimulations delivered to each hand separately in block-design trials for central plasticity analysis. RESULTS The SWM value of the injured right hand was increased compared with the healthy left side (difference: 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.37-2.15, p < .001), and all 16 patients developed synchronous sensation. In functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, sensory representative areas of the injured right hand were located in its ipsilateral S1, and 23.4% of this area overlapped with the representative area of the left hand. The ratio of overlap for each patient was significantly correlated with SWM value and SNAP amplitude of the right hand. CONCLUSION The tactile sensory functioning of the injured hand was dominated by its ipsilateral SI in long-term observation, and its representative area largely overlapped with the representative area of the intact hand, which possibly reflected a key mechanism of synchronous sensation in patients with TBPI after contralateral C7 transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaowei Lei
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong Shen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Gu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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80
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Liu D, Hu Y, Jiang L, Zhang J. Association of Gyrification Pattern, White Matter Changes, and Phenotypic Profile in Patients With Parkinson Disease. Neurology 2021; 96:e2387-e2394. [PMID: 33766988 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cortical gyrification changes as well as their relationships with white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in the akinetic-rigid (AR) and tremor-dominant (TD) subtypes of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Sixty-four patients with the AR subtype, 26 patients with the TD subtype, and 56 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. High-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted images were acquired for each participant. We computed local gyrification index (LGI) and fractional anisotropy (FA) to identify the cortical gyrification and WM microstructural changes in the AR and TD subtypes. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with the AR subtype showed decreased LGI in the precentral, postcentral, inferior and superior parietal, middle and superior frontal/temporal, anterior and posterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, supramarginal, precuneus, and some visual cortices, and decreased FA in the corticospinal tract, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, forceps minor/major, and anterior thalamic radiation. Decreases in LGI and FA of the AR subtype were found to be tightly coupled. LGIs of the left inferior and middle frontal gyrus correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and Hoehn & Yahr scores of patients with the AR subtype. Patients with the TD subtype showed no significant change in the LGI and FA compared with patients with the AR subtype and HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that cortical gyrification changes in PD are motor phenotype-specific and are possibly mediated by the microstructural abnormalities of the underlying WM tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Tang
- From the Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education (X.T., Y.Z.), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; and Department of Radiology (D.L., Y.H., L.J., J.Z.), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education (X.T., Y.Z.), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; and Department of Radiology (D.L., Y.H., L.J., J.Z.), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, China.
| | - Daihong Liu
- From the Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education (X.T., Y.Z.), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; and Department of Radiology (D.L., Y.H., L.J., J.Z.), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- From the Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education (X.T., Y.Z.), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; and Department of Radiology (D.L., Y.H., L.J., J.Z.), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Liling Jiang
- From the Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education (X.T., Y.Z.), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; and Department of Radiology (D.L., Y.H., L.J., J.Z.), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education (X.T., Y.Z.), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; and Department of Radiology (D.L., Y.H., L.J., J.Z.), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, China.
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81
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Fang S, Zhou C, Wang L, Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jiang T. Characteristic Alterations of Network in Patients With Intraoperative Stimulation-Induced Seizures During Awake Craniotomy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:602716. [PMID: 33815243 PMCID: PMC8012772 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.602716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to avoid intraoperative stimulation-induced seizure (ISS) during awake craniotomy is controversial. Although a standard direct cortical stimulating (DCS) protocol is used to identify the eloquent cortices and subcortical structures, ISS still occurs. Epilepsy is related to alterations in brain networks. In this study, we investigated specific alterations in brain networks in patients with ISS. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with glioma were enrolled and categorized into the ISS and non-ISS groups based on their history of ISS occurrence. A standard DCS protocol was used during awake craniotomy without ECoG supervision. Graph theoretical measurement was used to analyze resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to quantitatively reveal alterations in the functional networks. Results: In the sensorimotor networks, the glioma significantly decreased the functional connectivity (FC) of four edges in the ISS group, which were conversely increased in the non-ISS group after multiple corrections (p < 0.001, threshold of p-value = 0.002). Regarding the topological properties, the sensorimotor network of all participants was classified as a small-world network. Glioma significantly increased global efficiency, nodal efficiency, and the sigma value, as well as decreased the shortest path length in the ISS group compared with the non-ISS group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The specific alterations indicating patient susceptibility to ISS during DCS increased global and nodal efficiencies and decreased the shortest path length and FC induced by gliomas. If the patient has these specific alterations, ECoG is recommended to monitor after-discharge current during DCS to avoid ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain Tumors Chinese (2019RU11), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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82
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Özdenizci O, Eldeeb S, Demir A, Erdoğmuş D, Akçakaya M. EEG-based texture roughness classification in active tactile exploration with invariant representation learning networks. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021; 67. [PMID: 33927780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During daily activities, humans use their hands to grasp surrounding objects and perceive sensory information which are also employed for perceptual and motor goals. Multiple cortical brain regions are known to be responsible for sensory recognition, perception and motor execution during sensorimotor processing. While various research studies particularly focus on the domain of human sensorimotor control, the relation and processing between motor execution and sensory processing is not yet fully understood. Main goal of our work is to discriminate textured surfaces varying in their roughness levels during active tactile exploration using simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data, while minimizing the variance of distinct motor exploration movement patterns. We perform an experimental study with eight healthy participants who were instructed to use the tip of their dominant hand index finger while rubbing or tapping three different textured surfaces with varying levels of roughness. We use an adversarial invariant representation learning neural network architecture that performs EEG-based classification of different textured surfaces, while simultaneously minimizing the discriminability of motor movement conditions (i.e., rub or tap). Results show that the proposed approach can discriminate between three different textured surfaces with accuracies up to 70%, while suppressing movement related variability from learned representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Özdenizci
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Safaa Eldeeb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andaç Demir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Erdoğmuş
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Akçakaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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83
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Handelzalts S, Ballardini G, Avraham C, Pagano M, Casadio M, Nisky I. Integrating Tactile Feedback Technologies Into Home-Based Telerehabilitation: Opportunities and Challenges in Light of COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Neurorobot 2021; 15:617636. [PMID: 33679364 PMCID: PMC7925397 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2021.617636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for advancing the development and implementation of novel means for home-based telerehabilitation in order to enable remote assessment and training for individuals with disabling conditions in need of therapy. While somatosensory input is essential for motor function, to date, most telerehabilitation therapies and technologies focus on assessing and training motor impairments, while the somatosensorial aspect is largely neglected. The integration of tactile devices into home-based rehabilitation practice has the potential to enhance the recovery of sensorimotor impairments and to promote functional gains through practice in an enriched environment with augmented tactile feedback and haptic interactions. In the current review, we outline the clinical approaches for stimulating somatosensation in home-based telerehabilitation and review the existing technologies for conveying mechanical tactile feedback (i.e., vibration, stretch, pressure, and mid-air stimulations). We focus on tactile feedback technologies that can be integrated into home-based practice due to their relatively low cost, compact size, and lightweight. The advantages and opportunities, as well as the long-term challenges and gaps with regards to implementing these technologies into home-based telerehabilitation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Handelzalts
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Translational Neurorehabilitation Lab at Adi Negev Nahalat Eran, Ofakim, Israel
| | - Giulia Ballardini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- S.C.I.L Joint Lab, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Chen Avraham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Mattia Pagano
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- S.C.I.L Joint Lab, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Maura Casadio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- S.C.I.L Joint Lab, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Ilana Nisky
- The Translational Neurorehabilitation Lab at Adi Negev Nahalat Eran, Ofakim, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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84
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Scheulin KM, Jurgielewicz BJ, Spellicy SE, Waters ES, Baker EW, Kinder HA, Simchick GA, Sneed SE, Grimes JA, Zhao Q, Stice SL, West FD. Exploring the predictive value of lesion topology on motor function outcomes in a porcine ischemic stroke model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3814. [PMID: 33589720 PMCID: PMC7884696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the maximum diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by including stroke lesion location in relation to specific structures that are associated with particular functions will likely increase the potential to predict functional deficit type, severity, and recovery in stroke patients. This exploratory study aims to identify key structures lesioned by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) that impact stroke recovery and to strengthen the predictive capacity of neuroimaging techniques that characterize stroke outcomes in a translational porcine model. Clinically relevant MRI measures showed significant lesion volumes, midline shifts, and decreased white matter integrity post-MCAO. Using a pig brain atlas, damaged brain structures included the insular cortex, somatosensory cortices, temporal gyri, claustrum, and visual cortices, among others. MCAO resulted in severely impaired spatiotemporal gait parameters, decreased voluntary movement in open field testing, and higher modified Rankin Scale scores at acute timepoints. Pearson correlation analyses at acute timepoints between standard MRI metrics (e.g., lesion volume) and functional outcomes displayed moderate R values to functional gait outcomes. Moreover, Pearson correlation analyses showed higher R values between functional gait deficits and increased lesioning of structures associated with motor function, such as the putamen, globus pallidus, and primary somatosensory cortex. This correlation analysis approach helped identify neuroanatomical structures predictive of stroke outcomes and may lead to the translation of this topological analysis approach from preclinical stroke assessment to a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samantha E Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gregory A Simchick
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sydney E Sneed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Aruna Bio Inc, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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85
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Choo YJ, Boudier-Revéret M, Chang MC. The Essentials of Brain Anatomy for Physiatrists: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:181-188. [PMID: 33443849 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Detailed knowledge of the brain anatomy is important for the treatment of patients with brain disorders. In this study, we conducted a review of essential parts of human brain anatomy based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Using T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging, we explained how to recognize several structures in each brain lobe (the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes). We depicted the boundary of each structure on brain magnetic resonance imaging and described their functions. The limbic system controls various functions such as emotion, motivation, behavior, memory, and olfaction. Broca's and Wernicke's areas and arcuate fasciculus are important structures for human language functions. Emotion, memory, and language function are one of the main functions of human. Therefore, the anatomical knowledge of the limbic system and language-related structures is important for physiatrists. We described the anatomical location and function of each substructure of the limbic system and language centers. In addition, we indicated the exact points of motor- and sensory-related neural tracts (corticospinal tract, corticoreticular pathway, medial lemniscus, and spinothalamic tract) on brain magnetic resonance imaging. We believe that our review on brain anatomy would be helpful for physiatrists to accurately identify the damage of each function from brain disorders and elucidate proper plan for rehabilitative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Choo
- From the Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea (YJC); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada (MB-R); and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (MCC)
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Utility of Preoperative Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Functional MR Imaging in Patients with a Central Nervous System Neoplasm. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2021; 31:93-102. [PMID: 33220831 PMCID: PMC10040207 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging provides means to understand the relationship between brain structure and associated functions. Functional MR (fMR) imaging can offer a unique insight into preoperative planning for central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms by identifying areas of the brain effected or spared by the neoplasm. BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) fMR imaging can be reliably used to map eloquent cortex presurgically and is sufficiently accurate for neurosurgical planning. In patients with brain tumors undergoing neurosurgical intervention, fMR imaging can decrease postoperative morbidity. This article discusses the applications, significance, and interpretation of BOLD fMR imaging, and its applications in presurgical planning for CNS neoplasms.
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87
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Upper-Extremity Perceptual-Motor Training Improves Whole-Body Reactive Agility Among Elite Athletes With History of Sport-Related Concussion. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:844-849. [PMID: 33418536 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sport-related concussion (SRC) elevates risk for subsequent injury, which may relate to impaired perceptual-motor processes that are potentially modifiable. OBJECTIVE To assess a possible upper-extremity (UE) training effect on whole-body (WB) reactive agility performance among elite athletes with history of SRC (HxSRC) and without such history of SRC. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Residential training center. PARTICIPANTS Elite athletes (12 males and 8 females), including 10 HxSRC and 10 without such history of SRC. INTERVENTION One-minute training sessions completed 2 to 3 times per week over a 3-week period involved verbal identification of center arrow direction for 10 incongruent and 10 congruent flanker test trials with simultaneous reaching responses to deactivate illuminated buttons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pretraining and posttraining assessments of UE and WB reactive responses included flanker test conflict effect (incongruent minus congruent reaction time) and WB lateral average asymmetry derived from reaction time, speed, acceleration, and deceleration in opposite directions. Discrimination was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and training effect was assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Pretraining discrimination between HxSRC and without such history of SRC was greatest for conflict effect ≥80 milliseconds and WB lateral average asymmetry ≥18%. Each athlete completed 6 training sessions, which improved UE mean reaction time from 767 to 646 milliseconds (P < .001) and reduced mean conflict effect from 96 to 53 milliseconds (P = .039). A significant group × trial interaction was evident for WB lateral average asymmetry (P = .004), which was reduced from 24.3% to 12.5% among those with HxSRC. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal perceptual-motor performance may represent a subtle long-term effect of concussion that is modifiable through UE training, which appears to improve WB reactive capabilities.
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Nicolini C, Fahnestock M, Gibala MJ, Nelson AJ. Understanding the Neurophysiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Cortical and Descending Motor Pathways: Where Do We Stand? Neuroscience 2020; 457:259-282. [PMID: 33359477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a promising, cost-effective intervention to augment successful aging and neurorehabilitation. Decline of gray and white matter accompanies physiological aging and contributes to motor deficits in older adults. Exercise is believed to reduce atrophy within the motor system and induce neuroplasticity which, in turn, helps preserve motor function during aging and promote re-learning of motor skills, for example after stroke. To fully exploit the benefits of exercise, it is crucial to gain a greater understanding of the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced brain changes that prime neuroplasticity and thus contribute to postponing, slowing, and ameliorating age- and disease-related impairments in motor function. This knowledge will allow us to develop more effective, personalized exercise protocols that meet individual needs, thereby increasing the utility of exercise strategies in clinical and non-clinical settings. Here, we review findings from studies that investigated neurophysiological and molecular changes associated with acute or long-term exercise in healthy, young adults and in healthy, postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolini
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Aimee J Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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89
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De Bruyn N, Saenen L, Thijs L, Van Gils A, Ceulemans E, Essers B, Lafosse C, Michielsen M, Beyens H, Schillebeeckx F, Alaerts K, Verheyden G. Sensorimotor vs. Motor Upper Limb Therapy for Patients With Motor and Somatosensory Deficits: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the Early Rehabilitation Phase After Stroke. Front Neurol 2020; 11:597666. [PMID: 33343498 PMCID: PMC7746814 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.597666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Somatosensory function plays an important role in motor learning. More than half of the stroke patients have somatosensory impairments in the upper limb, which could hamper recovery. Question: Is sensorimotor upper limb (UL) therapy of more benefit for motor and somatosensory outcome than motor therapy? Design: Randomized assessor- blinded multicenter controlled trial with block randomization stratified for neglect, severity of motor impairment, and type of stroke. Participants: 40 first-ever stroke patients with UL sensorimotor impairments admitted to the rehabilitation center. Intervention: Both groups received 16 h of additional therapy over 4 weeks consisting of sensorimotor (N = 22) or motor (N = 18) UL therapy. Outcome measures: Action Research Arm test (ARAT) as primary outcome, and other motor and somatosensory measures were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and after 4 weeks follow-up. Results: No significant between-group differences were found for change scores in ARAT or any somatosensory measure between the three time points. For UL impairment (Fugl-Meyer assessment), a significant greater improvement was found for the motor group compared to the sensorimotor group from baseline to post-intervention [mean (SD) improvement 14.65 (2.19) vs. 5.99 (2.06); p = 0.01] and from baseline to follow-up [17.38 (2.37) vs. 6.75 (2.29); p = 0.003]. Conclusion: UL motor therapy may improve motor impairment more than UL sensorimotor therapy in patients with sensorimotor impairments in the early rehabilitation phase post stroke. For these patients, integrated sensorimotor therapy may not improve somatosensory function and may be less effective for motor recovery. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03236376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele De Bruyn
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Saenen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liselot Thijs
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Van Gils
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bea Essers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hilde Beyens
- Department Acquired Brain Injury, University Hospitals Leuven, Pellenberg, Belgium
| | | | - Kaat Alaerts
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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90
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Mehta V, Bouchareb Y, Ramaswamy S, Ahmad A, Wodehouse T, Haroon A. Metabolic Imaging of Pain Matrix Using 18 F Fluoro-deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Patients Undergoing L2 Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Low Back Pain. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:222-233. [PMID: 32103593 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nociceptive signals from lumbar intervertebral discs ascend in the sympathetic chain via the L2 dorsal root ganglion (L2 DRG), a potential target for discogenic low back pain in neuromodulation. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET-CT) measures functional changes in the brain metabolic activity, identified by the changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as determined by the changes of F-18 Fluoro-deoxyglucose (18 F FDG) tracer within brain tissues. METHODS AND MATERIALS Nine patients were recruited to explore the changes in PET-CT imaging at baseline and four-weeks post implantation of bilateral L2 DRG neurostimulation leads and implantable pulse generator (IPG). PET-CT scans were performed 30 min following an IV injection of 250±10% MBq of 18 F FDG tracer. Fifteen frames were acquired in 15 min. PET list-mode raw data were reconstructed and normalized appropriately to a brain anatomical atlas. RESULTS Nine patients were recruited to the study, where PET-CT imaging data for five patients were analyzed. The right and left insular cortex, primary and secondary somato-sensory cortices, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and the midline periaqueductal areas, were assessed for any changes in the metabolic activity. A total of 85 pain matrix regions were delineated SUV (standardized uptake value)MAX , SUV MEAN ± SD, and SUVPEAK were calculated for each of these regions of the brain and were compared pre- and post-L2 DRG stimulation. Sixty-one of the 85 matrices showed an increase in metabolic activity whereas 24 matrices showed a reduction in metabolic activity. CONCLUSION This is the first ever study reporting the changes in cerebral metabolic activity and multi-frame static brain 18 F FDG PET imaging after L2 DRG stimulation for discogenic low back pain. Predominantly an increased metabolic activity in nociceptive brain matrices are seen with an increased in F18 F FDG uptake following L2 DRG stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mehta
- Pain and Anaesthesia Research Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Yassine Bouchareb
- Department of Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Radiology and Molecular Imaging Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shankar Ramaswamy
- Pain and Anaesthesia Research Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alia Ahmad
- Pain and Anaesthesia Research Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Theresa Wodehouse
- Pain and Anaesthesia Research Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Athar Haroon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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91
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EEG-based trial-by-trial texture classification during active touch. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20755. [PMID: 33247177 PMCID: PMC7699648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trial-by-trial texture classification analysis and identifying salient texture related EEG features during active touch that are minimally influenced by movement type and frequency conditions are the main contributions of this work. A total of twelve healthy subjects were recruited. Each subject was instructed to use the fingertip of their dominant hand's index finger to rub or tap three textured surfaces (smooth flat, medium rough, and rough) with three levels of movement frequency (approximately 2, 1 and 0.5 Hz). EEG and force data were collected synchronously during each touch condition. A systematic feature selection process was performed to select temporal and spectral EEG features that contribute to texture classification but have low contribution towards movement type and frequency classification. A tenfold cross validation was used to train two 3-class (each for texture and movement frequency classification) and a 2-class (movement type) Support Vector Machine classifiers. Our results showed that the total power in the mu (8-15 Hz) and beta (16-30 Hz) frequency bands showed high accuracy in discriminating among textures with different levels of roughness (average accuracy > 84%) but lower contribution towards movement type (average accuracy < 65%) and frequency (average accuracy < 58%) classification.
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92
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Campos-Pires R, Onggradito H, Ujvari E, Karimi S, Valeo F, Aldhoun J, Edge CJ, Franks NP, Dickinson R. Xenon treatment after severe traumatic brain injury improves locomotor outcome, reduces acute neuronal loss and enhances early beneficial neuroinflammation: a randomized, blinded, controlled animal study. Crit Care 2020; 24:667. [PMID: 33246487 PMCID: PMC7691958 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but there are no clinically proven treatments that specifically target neuronal loss and secondary injury development following TBI. In this study, we evaluate the effect of xenon treatment on functional outcome, lesion volume, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation after severe TBI in rats. METHODS Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) brain trauma or sham surgery followed by treatment with either 50% xenon:25% oxygen balance nitrogen, or control gas 75% nitrogen:25% oxygen. Locomotor function was assessed using Catwalk-XT automated gait analysis at baseline and 24 h after injury. Histological outcomes were assessed following perfusion fixation at 15 min or 24 h after injury or sham procedure. RESULTS Xenon treatment reduced lesion volume, reduced early locomotor deficits, and attenuated neuronal loss in clinically relevant cortical and subcortical areas. Xenon treatment resulted in significant increases in Iba1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes that was associated with neuronal preservation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that xenon improves functional outcome and reduces neuronal loss after brain trauma in rats. Neuronal preservation was associated with a xenon-induced enhancement of microglial cell numbers and astrocyte activation, consistent with a role for early beneficial neuroinflammation in xenon's neuroprotective effect. These findings suggest that xenon may be a first-line clinical treatment for brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Campos-Pires
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Bessemer Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Charing Cross Hospital Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Haldis Onggradito
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eszter Ujvari
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shughoofa Karimi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Flavia Valeo
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jitka Aldhoun
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Edge
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Reading, RG1 5AN, UK
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert Dickinson
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Bessemer Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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93
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Viseux FJF, Mora A, Villeneuve P, Charpentier P, Martins DF, Lemaire A. Contribution of the sensory innervation of the spine in low back pain: review and clinical commentary. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 38:27-33. [PMID: 33108934 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1840344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Few validated tests allow a precise aetiological diagnosis of Low Back Pain (LBP), and the difficulty of clinical evaluations could be one of the reasons to explain the lack of effectiveness in the therapeutic management of chronic LBP. However, an implication of a sensory impairment in the control of sensorimotor circuits could be suggested. Interactive and specific responses between nociceptive nerve fibres and the paraspinal musculature motor control could have clinical implications, in particular through kinematic evaluation. Following an introduction to the link between the sensory innervation of the spine and pain, we then summarise the maladaptive movement in LBP at the kinematic and neuropathological level. A clinical objectification of these kinematic adaptations at the lumbar spine level, would clarify the aetiological diagnosis causes of chronic LBP, and so help optimising therapeutic strategies by proposing a relevant and precise clinical model of this painful condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic J F Viseux
- Centre d'évaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur (CETD), Centre hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France.,Posture Lab, Paris, France
| | - Annarita Mora
- Centre d'évaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur (CETD), Centre hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | | | - Pascal Charpentier
- Centre d'évaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur (CETD), Centre hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Antoine Lemaire
- Centre d'évaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur (CETD), Centre hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
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94
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Strik M, Chard DT, Dekker I, Meijer KA, Eijlers AJ, Pardini M, Uitdehaag BM, Kolbe SC, Geurts JJ, Schoonheim MM. Increased functional sensorimotor network efficiency relates to disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1364-1373. [PMID: 33104448 PMCID: PMC8358536 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520966292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network abnormalities could help explain physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), which remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study investigates functional network efficiency changes in the sensorimotor system. METHODS We included 222 MS patients, divided into low disability (LD, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ⩽3.5, n = 185) and high disability (HD, EDSS ⩾6, n = 37), and 82 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity was assessed between 23 sensorimotor regions. Measures of efficiency were computed and compared between groups using general linear models corrected for age and sex. Binary logistic regression models related disability status to local functional network efficiency (LE), brain volumes and demographics. Functional connectivity patterns of regions important for disability were explored. RESULTS HD patients demonstrated significantly higher LE of the left primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and right pallidum compared to LD and HC, and left premotor cortex compared to HC only. The logistic regression model for disability (R2 = 0.38) included age, deep grey matter volume and left S1 LE. S1 functional connectivity was increased with prefrontal and secondary sensory areas in HD patients, compared to LD and HC. CONCLUSION Clinical disability in MS associates with functional sensorimotor increases in efficiency and connectivity, centred around S1, independent of structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrte Strik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Department of Radiology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Declan T Chard
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK/National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Iris Dekker
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim A Meijer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anand Jc Eijlers
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Pardini
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK/Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy/Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernard Mj Uitdehaag
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott C Kolbe
- Department of Radiology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia/Department of Neurosciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeroen Jg Geurts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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95
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Exoskeleton use in post-stroke gait rehabilitation: a qualitative study of the perspectives of persons post-stroke and physiotherapists. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:123. [PMID: 32912215 PMCID: PMC7488039 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wearable powered exoskeletons are a new and emerging technology developed to provide sensory-guided motorized lower limb assistance enabling intensive task specific locomotor training utilizing typical lower limb movement patterns for persons with gait impairments. To ensure that devices meet end-user needs it is important to understand and incorporate end-users perspectives, however research in this area is extremely limited in the post-stroke population. The purpose of this study was to explore in-depth, end-users perspectives, persons with stroke and physiotherapists, following a single-use session with a H2 exoskeleton. Methods We used a qualitative interpretive description approach utilizing semi-structured face to face interviews, with persons post-stroke and physiotherapists, following a 1.5 h session with a H2 exoskeleton. Results Five persons post-stroke and 6 physiotherapists volunteered to participate in the study. Both participant groups provided insightful comments on their experience with the exoskeleton. Four themes were developed from the persons with stroke participant data: (1) Adopting technology; (2) Device concerns; (3) Developing walking ability; and, (4) Integrating exoskeleton use. Five themes were developed from the physiotherapist participant data: (1) Developer-user collaboration; (2) Device specific concerns; (3) Device programming; (4) Patient characteristics requiring consideration; and, (5) Indications for use. Conclusions This study provides an interpretive understanding of end-users perspectives, persons with stroke and neurological physiotherapists, following a single-use experience with a H2 exoskeleton. The findings from both stakeholder groups overlap such that four over-arching concepts were identified including: (i) Stakeholder participation; (ii) Augmentation vs. autonomous robot; (iii) Exoskeleton usability; and (iv) Device specific concerns. The end users provided valuable perspectives on the use and design of the H2 exoskeleton, identifying needs specific to post-stroke gait rehabilitation, the need for a robust evidence base, whilst also highlighting that there is significant interest in this technology throughout the continuum of stroke rehabilitation.
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96
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Mahmoudi E, Atkins JR, Quidé Y, Reay WR, Cairns HM, Fitzsimmons C, Carr VJ, Green MJ, Cairns MJ. The MIR137 VNTR rs58335419 Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia and Altered Cortical Morphology. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:495-504. [PMID: 32910167 PMCID: PMC8370045 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have strongly implicated a risk locus in close proximity to the gene for miR-137. While there are candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with functional implications for the microRNA's expression encompassed by the common haplotype tagged by rs1625579, there are likely to be others, such as the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant rs58335419, that have no proxy on the SNP genotyping platforms used in GWAS to date. Using whole-genome sequencing data from schizophrenia patients (n = 299) and healthy controls (n = 131), we observed that the MIR137 4-repeats VNTR (VNTR4) variant was enriched in a cognitive deficit subtype of schizophrenia and associated with altered brain morphology, including thicker left inferior temporal gyrus and deeper right postcentral sulcus. These findings suggest that the MIR137 VNTR4 may impact neuroanatomical development that may, in turn, influence the expression of more severe cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Joshua R Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Heath M Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales,
Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +61 (02) 4921 8670, fax:
+61 (02) 4921 7903, e-mail:
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97
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Friedrich J, Verrel J, Kleimaker M, Münchau A, Beste C, Bäumer T. Neurophysiological correlates of perception-action binding in the somatosensory system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14794. [PMID: 32908197 PMCID: PMC7481208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Action control requires precisely and flexibly linking sensory input and motor output. This is true for both, visuo-motor and somatosensory-motor integration. However, while perception–action integration has been extensively investigated for the visual modality, data on how somatosensory and action-related information is associated are scarce. We use the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) as a framework to investigate perception–action integration in the somatosensory-motor domain. Based on studies examining the neural mechanisms underlying stimulus–response binding in the visuo-motor domain, the current study investigates binding mechanisms in the somatosensory-motor domain using EEG signal decomposition and source localization analyses. The present study clearly demonstrates binding between somatosensory stimulus and response features. Importantly, repetition benefits but no repetition costs are evident in the somatosensory modality, which differs from findings in the visual domain. EEG signal decomposition indicates that response selection mechanisms, rather than stimulus-related processes, account for the behavioral binding effects. This modulation is associated with activation differences in the left superior parietal cortex (BA 7), an important relay of sensorimotor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Friedrich
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstrasse 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Julius Verrel
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Schubertstrasse 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Silfies SP, Beattie P, Jordon M, Vendemia JMC. Assessing sensorimotor control of the lumbopelvic-hip region using task-based functional MRI. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:192-206. [PMID: 32519579 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00288.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent brain imaging studies have suggested that cortical remodeling within sensorimotor regions are associated with persistent low back pain and may be a driving mechanism for the impaired neuromuscular control associated with this condition. This paper outlines a new approach for investigating cortical sensorimotor integration during the performance of small-amplitude lumbopelvic movements with functional MRI. Fourteen healthy right-handed participants were instructed in the lumbopelvic movement tasks performed during fMRI acquisition. Surface electromyography (EMG) collected on 8 lumbopelvic and thigh muscles captured organized patterns of muscle activation during the movement tasks. fMRI data were collected on 10 of 14 participants. Sensorimotor cortical activation across the tasks was identified using a whole brain analysis and further explored with regional analyses of key components of the cortical sensorimotor network. Head motion had low correlation to the tasks (r = -0.101 to 0.004) and head translation averaged 0.98 (0.59 mm) before motion correction. Patterns of activation of the key lumbopelvic and thigh musculature (average amplitude normalized 2-17%) were significantly different across tasks (P > 0.001). Neuroimaging demonstrated activation in key sensorimotor cortical regions that were consistent with motor planning and sensory feedback needed for performing the different tasks. This approach captures the specificity of lumbopelvic sensorimotor control using goal-based tasks (e.g., "lift your hip" vs. "contract your lumbar multifidus to 20% of maximum") performed within the confines of the scanner. Specific patterns of sensorimotor cortex activation appear to capture differences between bilateral and unilateral tasks during voluntary control of multisegmental movement in the lumbopelvic region.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated the feasibility of using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocols for acquiring the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of key sensorimotor cortex regions during voluntary lumbopelvic movements. Our approach activated lumbopelvic muscles during small-amplitude movements while participants were lying supine in the scanner. Our data supports these tasks can be done with limited head motion and low correlation of head motion to the task. The approach provides opportunities for assessing the role of brain changes in persistent low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri P Silfies
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,McCausland Brain Imaging Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Paul Beattie
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Max Jordon
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer M C Vendemia
- McCausland Brain Imaging Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Institute for Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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The Sustained Attention to Response Task Shows Lower Cingulo-Opercular and Frontoparietal Activity in People with Narcolepsy Type 1: An fMRI Study on the Neural Regulation of Attention. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070419. [PMID: 32630358 PMCID: PMC7408461 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vigilance complaints often occur in people with narcolepsy type 1 and severely impair effective daytime functioning. We tested the feasibility of a three-level sustained attention to response task (SART) paradigm within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment to understand brain architecture underlying vigilance regulation in individuals with narcolepsy type 1. Twelve medication-free people with narcolepsy type 1 and 11 matched controls were included. The SART included four repetitions of a baseline block and two difficulty levels requiring moderate and high vigilance. Outcome measures were between and within-group performance indices on error rates and reaction times, and functional MRI (fMRI) parameters: mean activity during the task and between-group activity differences across the three conditions and related to changes in activation over time (time-on-task) and error-related activity. Patients—but not controls—made significantly more mistakes with increasing difficulty. The modified SART is a feasible MRI vigilance task showing similar task-positive brain activity in both groups within the cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, arousal, motor, and visual networks. During blocks of higher vigilance demand, patients had significantly lower activation in these regions than controls. Patients had lower error-related activity in the left pre- and postcentral gyrus. The time-on-task activity differences between groups suggest that those with narcolepsy are insufficiently capable of activating attention- and arousal-related regions when transitioning from attention initiation to stable attention, specifically when vigilance demand is high. They also show lower inhibitory motor activity in relation to errors, suggesting impaired executive functioning.
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Nagy M, Aranyi C, Opposits G, Papp T, Lánczi L, Berényi E, Vér C, Csiba L, Katona P, Spisák T, Emri M. Effective connectivity differences in motor network during passive movement of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8942. [PMID: 32518713 PMCID: PMC7258895 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the neural changes associated with paresis in stroke patients could have important implications for therapeutic approaches. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly used for analyzing effective connectivity patterns of brain networks due to its significant property of modeling neural states behind fMRI signals. We applied this technique to analyze the differences between motor networks (MNW) activated by continuous passive movement (CPM) of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients. This study aimed to identify CPM induced connectivity characteristics of the primary sensory area (S1) and the differences in extrinsic directed connections of the MNW and to explain the hemodynamic differences of brain regions of MNW. Methods For the network analysis, we used ten stroke patients’ task fMRI data collected under CPMs of both ankles. Regions for the MNW, the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor cortex (PM), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the S1 were defined in a data-driven way, by independent component analysis. For the network analysis of both CPMs, we compared twelve models organized into two model-families, depending on the S1 connections and input stimulus modeling. Using DCM, we evaluated the extrinsic connectivity strengths and hemodynamic parameters of both stimulations of all patients. Results After a statistical comparison of the extrinsic connections and their modulations of the “best model”, we concluded that three contralateral self-inhibitions (cM1, cS1 and cSMA), one contralateral inter-regional connection (cSMA→cM1), and one interhemispheric connection (cM1→iM1) were significantly different. Our research shows that hemodynamic parameters can be estimated with the Balloon model using DCM but the parameters do not change with stroke. Conclusions Our results confirm that the DCM-based connectivity analyses combined with Bayesian model selection may be a useful technique for quantifying the alteration or differences in the characteristics of the motor network in subacute stage stroke patients and in determining the degree of MNW changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Nagy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Csaba Aranyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Gábor Opposits
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Levente Lánczi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kenézy University Hospital, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Ervin Berényi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Csilla Vér
- Clinical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- Clinical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Péter Katona
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kenézy University Hospital, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
| | - Tamás Spisák
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miklós Emri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
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