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Liu J, Liu J, Meng C, Gu Q, Huang C, Liu F, Xia C. NRF2 and FXR dual signaling pathways cooperatively regulate the effects of oleanolic acid on cholestatic liver injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154529. [PMID: 36343550 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the anti-cholestatic effect of oleanolic acid (OA) is associated with FXR and NRF2. However, how the two signaling pathways cooperate to regulate the anti-cholestatic effect of OA remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to further demonstrate the effect of OA on alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury and the interaction mechanism between NRF2 and FXR signaling pathways in maintaining bile acid homeostasis. METHODS Gene knockout animals and cell models, metabolomics analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the mechanism of OA against cholestatic liver injury. RESULTS The effect of OA against ANIT-induced liver injury in rats was dramatically reduced after Nrf2 gene knockdown. With the silencing of Fxr, the hepatoprotective effect of OA was weakened, but it still effectively alleviated cholestatic liver injury in rats. In L02 cells, OA can up-regulate the levels of NRF2, FXR, BSEP and UGT1A1, and reduce the expression of CYP7A1. Silencing of NRF2 or FXR significantly attenuated the protective effect of OA on ANIT-induced L02 cell injury and its regulation on downstream target genes, and the influence of NRF2 gene silencing on OA appeared to be greater. The NRF2 activator sulforaphane, and the FXR activator GW4064 both remarkably promoted NRF2 binding to P300 and FXR to RXRα, but reduced β-catenin binding to P300 and β-catenin binding to FXR. CONCLUSION The effect of OA on cholestatic liver injury is closely related to the simultaneous activation of NRF2 and FXR dual signaling pathways, in which NRF2 signaling pathway plays a more important role. The dual signaling pathways of NRF2 and FXR cooperatively regulate bile acid metabolic homeostasis through the interaction mechanism with β-catenin/P300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Chao Meng
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
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Yin M, Li C, Wang Y, Fu J, Sun Y, Zhang Q. Comparison analysis of metabolite profiling in seeds and bark of Ulmus parvifolia, a Chinese medicine species. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2138041. [PMID: 36317599 PMCID: PMC9629078 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2138041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus parvifolia (U. parvifolia) is a Chinese medicine plant whose bark and leaves are used in the treatment of some diseases such as inflammation, diarrhea and fever. However, metabolic signatures of seeds have not been studied. The seeds and bark of U. parvifolia collected at the seed ripening stage were used for metabolite profiling analysis through the untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 2,578 and 2,207 metabolites, while 503 and 132 unique metabolites were identified in seeds and bark, respectively. Additionally, 574 differential metabolites (DEMs) were detected in the two different organs of U. parvifolia, which were grouped into 52 classes. Most kinds of metabolites classed into prenol lipids class. The relative content of flavonoids class was the highest. DEMs contained some bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, terpene glycosides, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Most kinds of flavonoids and sesquiterpenes were up-regulated in seeds. There were more varieties of terpene glycosides and triterpenoids showing up-regulated in bark. The pathway enrichment was performed, while flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were worthy of attention. This study identified DEMs with pharmaceutical value between seeds and bark during seed maturation and offered a molecular basis for alternative or complementary use of seeds and bark of U. parvifolia as a Chinese medicinal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingLong Yin
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - ChuanRong Li
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - YuShan Wang
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - JunHui Fu
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - YangYang Sun
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
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Terpenoids: Natural Compounds for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010272. [PMID: 36615471 PMCID: PMC9822439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have been the most productive source for the development of drugs. Terpenoids are a class of natural active products with a wide range of pharmacological activities and therapeutic effects, which can be used to treat a variety of diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common metabolic disorder worldwide, results in a health burden and economic problems. A literature search was conducted to obtain information relevant to the treatment of NAFLD with terpenoids using electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Springer, for the period 2011-2021. In total, we found 43 terpenoids used in the treatment of NAFLD. Over a dozen terpenoid compounds of natural origin were classified into five categories according to their structure: monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and tetraterpenoids. We found that terpenoids play a therapeutic role in NAFLD, mainly by regulating lipid metabolism disorder, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The AMPK, PPARs, Nrf-2, and SIRT 1 pathways are the main targets for terpenoid treatment. Terpenoids are promising drugs and will potentially create more opportunities for the treatment of NAFLD. However, current studies are restricted to animal and cell experiments, with a lack of clinical research and systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. In the future, we should further enrich the research on the mechanism of terpenoids, and carry out SAR studies and clinical research, which will increase the likelihood of breakthrough insights in the field.
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Supplementing Diets with Agriophyllum squarrosum Reduced Blood Lipids, Enhanced Immunity and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities, and Mediated Lipid Metabolism in Tan Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243486. [PMID: 36552407 PMCID: PMC9774518 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriophyllum squarrosum (sand rice), a widespread desert plant, possesses anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. However, its effects on ruminants are unknown. To fill this gap, we examined the effects of A. squarrosum on the immune and anti-inflammatory responses of lambs. A total of 23, 6-month-old Tan ewe-lambs (27.6 ± 0.47 kg) were divided into four groups and offered a basic diet (C—control), or a diet that contained 10%, 20%, or 30% A. squarrosum, on a dry matter basis, for 128 days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol were lower (p = 0.004) in the 30% supplemented lambs than controls, while concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower (p = 0.006) in the 10% and 20%, but not in 30% supplemented lambs than controls. Serum-cortisol concentrations were lower (p = 0.012) in the 30% supplemented lambs and free fatty acid concentrations were higher in the 10% and 20% supplemented lambs than in control lambs (p < 0.001). Supplementation with A. squarrosum decreased (p < 0.05) the area of adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue, but there was no difference between the 20% and 30% diets. Conversely, the area in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increased (p < 0.05), especially for the 10% and 20% supplemented diets. Supplementation with A. squarrosum also enriched immune and anti-inflammatory related and lipid and glucose-metabolic pathways and associated differentially expressed gene expressions in adipose tissue. A total of 10 differential triacylglycerol, 34 differential phosphatidylcholines and seven differential phosphatidylethanolamines decreased in the diet with 30% supplementation, when compared to the other diets. Finally, adipocyte-differentiation genes, and immune and inflammatory response-related gene expression levels decreased in lamb adipocytes cultured with an aqueous A. squarrosum extract. In conclusion, supplementing lamb diets with A. squarrosum reduced blood lipids, enhanced immunity and anti-inflammatory capacities, and mediated lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and adipocytes of Tan lambs. A level of approximately 10% is recommended, but further research is required to determine the precise optimal level.
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Dong XN, Zhao Q, Wang XF. Preliminary results on the separation of the different parts of Ligustrum lucidum Ait fruit and the main bioactive compounds analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12139. [PMID: 36593828 PMCID: PMC9803785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiprotozoal, antimutagenic and anticancer properties and are the main bioactive compounds in the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. The aim of this paper was to study the method of separating the whole fruit into the main ingredients containing OA and UA for the later effective extraction with reduced organic solvents and easy separation and purification. In the present study, the sarcocarps and exocarps were separated from the whole fruits (designated exo-sarcocarps, the mass percentages (w/w, dry weight basis), 33.1%), testae (13.5%) and cores (48.7%) by using methods separated. The contents of OA and UA in whole fruits, exo-sarcocarps, testae and cores were analyzed. The OA and UA extraction yields were highest in exo-sarcocarps vs. yields from whole fruits, testae or cores. The spective yields of OA and UA from exo-sarcocarps were 24.34 ± 2.09 and 7.82 ± 0.09 mg/g; these yields were about 4 times higher than OA yields and about 4 times higher than UA yields from fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
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Arifian H, Maharani R, Megantara S, Gazzali AM, Muchtaridi M. Amino-Acid-Conjugated Natural Compounds: Aims, Designs and Results. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217631. [PMID: 36364457 PMCID: PMC9654077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is one of the essential macronutrients required by all living things. The breakdown of protein produces monomers known as amino acids. The concept of conjugating natural compounds with amino acids for therapeutic applications emerged from the fact that amino acids are important building blocks of life and are abundantly available; thus, a greater shift can result in structural modification, since amino acids contain a variety of sidechains. This review discusses the data available on amino acid–natural compound conjugates that were reported with respect to their backgrounds, the synthetic approach and their bioactivity. Several amino acid–natural compound conjugates have shown enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics, including absorption and distribution properties, reduced toxicity and increased physiological effects. This approach could offer a potentially effective system of drug discovery that can enable the development of pharmacologically active and pharmacokinetically acceptable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanggara Arifian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Saisn Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Yang YH, Dai SY, Deng FH, Peng LH, Li C, Pei YH. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry of oleanolic acid derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113397. [PMID: 36029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a ubiquitous pentacyclic oleanane-type triterpene isolated from edible and medicinal plants, exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and tremendous therapeutic potential. However, the undesirable pharmacokinetic properties limit its application and development. Numerous researches on structural modifications of OA have been carried out to overcome this limitation and improve its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. This review aims to compile and summarize the recent progresses in the medicinal chemistry of OA derivatives, especially on structure-activity relationship in the last few years (2010-2021). It gives insights into the rational design of bioactive derivatives from OA scaffold as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Fu-Hua Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Li-Huan Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Özdemir Z, Wimmer Z. Selected plant triterpenoids and their amide derivatives in cancer treatment: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113340. [PMID: 35987401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used to treat different diseases throughout the human history namely in traditional medicine. Most of the plants mentioned in this review article belong among them, including those that are widely spread in the nature, counted frequently to be food and nutrition plants and producing pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Triterpenoids represent an important group of plant secondary metabolites displaying emerging pharmacological importance. This review article sheds light on four selected triterpenoids, oleanolic, ursolic, betulinic and platanic acid, and on their amide derivatives as important natural or semisynthetic agents in cancer treatment, and, in part, in pathogenic microbe treatment. A literature search was made in the Web of Science for the given key words covering the required area of secondary plant metabolites and their amide derivatives. The most recently published findings on the biological activity of the selected triterpenoids, and on the structures and biological activity of their relevant amide derivatives have been summarized therein. Mainly anti-cancer effects, and, in part, antimicrobial and other effects of the four selected triterpenoids and their amide derivatives have also been reviewed. A comparison of the effects of the parent plant products and those of their amide derivatives has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulal Özdemir
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Nistor G, Trandafirescu C, Prodea A, Milan A, Cristea A, Ghiulai R, Racoviceanu R, Mioc A, Mioc M, Ivan V, Șoica C. Semisynthetic Derivatives of Pentacyclic Triterpenes Bearing Heterocyclic Moieties with Therapeutic Potential. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196552. [PMID: 36235089 PMCID: PMC9572482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used by humans since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases and currently represent the main source of a variety of phytocompounds, such as triterpenes. Pentacyclic triterpenes have been subjected to numerous studies that have revealed various biological activities, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects, which can be employed in therapy. However, due to their high lipophilicity, which is considered to exert a significant influence on their bioavailability, their current use is limited. A frequent approach employed to overcome this obstacle is the chemical derivatization of the core structure with different types of moieties including heterocycles, which are considered key elements in medicinal chemistry. The present review aims to summarize the literature published in the last 10 years regarding the derivatives of pentacyclic triterpenes bearing heterocyclic moieties and focuses on the biologically active derivatives as well as their structure-activity relationships. Predominantly, the targeted positions for the derivatization of the triterpene skeleton are C-3 (hydroxyl/oxo group), C-28 (hydroxyl/carboxyl group), and C-30 (allylic group) or the extension of the main scaffold by fusing various heterocycles with the A-ring of the phytocompound. In addition, numerous derivatives also contain linker moieties that connect the triterpenic scaffold with heterocycles; one such linker, the triazole moiety, stands out as a key pharmacophore for its biological effect. All these studies support the hypothesis that triterpenoid conjugates with heterocyclic moieties may represent promising candidates for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Nistor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Prodea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (A.P.)
| | - Andreea Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (A.P.)
| | - Andreea Cristea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Viviana Ivan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Dai L, Lu L, Zhang X, Wu J, Li J, Lin Z. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the DNA repair proteins RuvAB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117022. [PMID: 36155320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Holliday junction (HJ) branch migrator RuvAB complex plays a fundamental role during homologous recombination and DNA damage repair, and therefore, is an attractive target for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa, Pa) is one of the most common clinical opportunistic bacterial pathogens, which can cause a series of life-threatening acute or chronic infections. Here, we performed a high throughput small-molecule screening targeting PaRuvAB using the FRET-based HJ branch migration assay. We identified that corilagin, bardoxolone methyl (BM) and 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium (SKQ1) could efficiently inhibit the branch migration activity of PaRuvAB, with IC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.04 μM, 0.38 ± 0.05 μM and 4.64 ± 0.27 μM, respectively. Further biochemical and molecular docking analyses demonstrated that corilagin directly bound to PaRuvB at the ATPase domain, and thus prevented ATP hydrolysis. In contrast, BM and SKQ1 acted through blocking the interactions between PaRuvA and HJ DNA. Finally, these compounds were shown to increase the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to UV-C irradiation. Our work, for the first time, reports the small-molecule inhibitors of RuvA and RuvB from any species, providing valuable chemical tools to dissect the functional role of each individual protein in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lian Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Juhong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhonghui Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Li Y, Zeng Q, Wang R, Wang B, Chen R, Wang N, Lu Y, Shi F, Dehaen W, Huai Q. Synthesis and discovery of mitochondria-targeting oleanolic acid derivatives for potential PI3K inhibition. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105291. [PMID: 36064154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid and its derivatives have been widely reported for their antitumor activities. Recently, the introduction of a triphenylphosphonium cation moiety has been described to improve the selectivity and cytotoxicity of pentacyclic triterpenoids by targeting the mitochondria of human cancer cells. In this work, a series of novel mitochondria-targeting oleanolic acid derivatives were synthesized and their antitumor activities assessed. The majority of the compounds are more cytotoxicity to cancer cells than normal cells, especially for 6c with IC50 of 0.81 μM in A549 cells, which showed a slight increase compared to doxorubicin (0.97 μM). Mechanism studies demonstrated that 6c induced apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and particularly pro-apoptotic proteins upregulated by western blotting experiment may be responsible for the results. Moreover, 6c arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase and cell migration in A549 cells. Compound 6c had a comparable or somewhat improved activity to the positive control LY294002 in molecular docking studies and in vitro testing, demonstrating that the apoptosis mechanism may involve inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway. These results augur well for the use of 6c as a novel triphenylphosphonium-conjugated anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qingqing Zeng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bo Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ruofan Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Na Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yiru Lu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Fangwen Shi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qiyong Huai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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Stelling-Férez J, Gabaldón JA, Nicolás FJ. Oleanolic acid stimulation of cell migration involves a biphasic signaling mechanism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15065. [PMID: 36064555 PMCID: PMC9445025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a critical process for wound healing, a physiological phenomenon needed for proper skin restoration after injury. Wound healing can be compromised under pathological conditions. Natural bioactive terpenoids have shown promising therapeutic properties in wound healing. Oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpenoid, enhances in vitro and in vivo cell migration. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms and pathways triggered by OA are poorly understood. We have previously shown that OA activates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream effectors such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to c-Jun transcription factor phosphorylation, all of which are involved in migration. We performed protein expression or migration front protein subcellular localization assays, which showed that OA induces c-Jun activation and its nuclear translocation, which precisely overlaps at wound-edge cells. Furthermore, c-Jun phosphorylation was independent of EGFR activation. Additionally, OA promoted actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion (FA) dynamization. In fact, OA induced the recruitment of regulator proteins to FAs to dynamize these structures during migration. Moreover, OA changed paxillin distribution and activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at focal adhesions (FAs). The molecular implications of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Stelling-Férez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos nº135, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.,Regeneration, Molecular Oncology and TGF-ß, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos nº135, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Nicolás
- Regeneration, Molecular Oncology and TGF-ß, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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Varela Alonso A, Naranjo HD, Rat A, Rodić N, Nannou CI, Lambropoulou DA, Assimopoulou AN, Declerck S, Rödel P, Schneider C, Willems A. Root-associated bacteria modulate the specialised metabolome of Lithospermum officinale L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908669. [PMID: 36110355 PMCID: PMC9468582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria influence plant growth and development and therefore are attractive resources for applications in agriculture. However, little is known about the impact of these microorganisms on secondary metabolite (SM) production by medicinal plants. Here we assessed, for the first time, the effects of bacteria on the modulation of SM production in the medicinal plant Lithospermum officinale (Boraginaceae family) with a focus on the naphthoquinones alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). The study was conducted in an in vitro cultivation system developed for that purpose, as well as in a greenhouse. Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics were performed, and expression of the gene PGT encoding for a key enzyme in the A/S biosynthesis pathway was evaluated with qPCR. Three strains, Chitinophaga sp. R-73072, Xanthomonas sp. R-73098 and Pseudomonas sp. R-71838 induced a significant increase of A/Sd in L. officinale in both systems, demonstrating the strength of our approach for screening A/Sd-inducing bacteria. The bacterial treatments altered other plant metabolites derived from the shikimate pathway as well. Our results demonstrate that bacteria influence the biosynthesis of A/Sd and interact with different metabolic pathways. This work highlights the potential of bacteria to increase the production of SM in medicinal plants and reveals new patterns in the metabolome regulation of L. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Varela Alonso
- Institut für Pflanzenkultur GmbH & Co. KG., Schnega, Germany
- Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henry D. Naranjo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angélique Rat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nebojša Rodić
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina I. Nannou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana N. Assimopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philipp Rödel
- Institut für Pflanzenkultur GmbH & Co. KG., Schnega, Germany
| | | | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Langer D, Wicher B, Bendzinska-Berus W, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Tykarska E. Insights into isostructural and non-isostructural crystals of esters of oleanolic acid and its 11-oxo derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:606-617. [PMID: 35975827 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and structural characterization of new esters of oleanolic acid and its 11-oxo derivatives are reported. Compounds crystallize in four isostructural groups, each containing one to four structures. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that molecules belonging to non-isostructural groups self-associate according to two schemes that describe also supramolecular architectures in crystals of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives. Structural motifs arise as a result of van der Waals forces. Parameters introduced for the analysis of one- and two-dimensional assemblies allow the comparison of motifs in isostructural and non-isostructural crystals, including polymorphs, and a qualitative assessment of differences in molecular self-assembly. One-, two- or three-dimensional similarity has been confirmed by XPac calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
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Liu J, Liu J, Meng C, Huang C, Liu F, Xia C. Oleanolic acid alleviates ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury by activating Fxr and Nrf2 pathways to ameliorate disordered bile acids homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154173. [PMID: 35605478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome with high incidence and few effective treatments. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid compound with anti-cholestatic effects. Studies using bile duct ligation or lithocholic acid modeling have shown that the alleviating effect of OA on cholerosis is related to the regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) or farnesoid X receptor (Fxr). PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of OA against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury based on Nrf2 and Fxr dual signaling pathways. METHODS The ANIT-induced rats model was used with or without OA treatment. Serum biochemical indexes, liver histopathological changes and glutathione level were examined. Bile acids (BAs) targeted metabolomics based on UHPLC-MS/MS were performed. siRNA, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were used to prove the role of Fxr and Nrf2 pathway in OA's anti-cholestatic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS OA significantly alleviated ANIT-induced liver injury in rats, reduced primary bile acids, accelerated metabolism of BAs and reduced the intrahepatic accumulation of BAs. The expressions of bile salt export pump (Bsep), Na+-taurocholic cotransport polypeptide (Ntcp), UDP-glucuronyl transferase 1a1 (Ugt1a1) and Fxr in rat liver were markedly up-regulated, the activation of Nrf2 was promoted, and the expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) was decreased after OA treatment. Moreover, Fxr or Nrf2 silencing attenuated the regulation of OA on BAs homeostasis related transporters and enzymes in rat primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION OA may regulate BAs-related transporters and metabolic enzymes by activating Fxr and Nrf2 pathways, thus alleviating the cholestatic liver injury induced by ANIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chao Meng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Abd Almaksoud HM, El-Hawary SS, Atia MAM, Sayed AM, El-Daly M, Kamel AA, Elimam H, Abdelmohsen UR, Saber FR. Anti-androgenic potential of the fruit extracts of certain Egyptian Sabal species and their genetic variability studies: a metabolomic-molecular modeling approach. Food Funct 2022; 13:7813-7830. [PMID: 35766799 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the anti-androgenic activity of S. blackburniana Glazebrook, S. causiarum (O. F. Cook) Becc, and S. palmetto (Walter) Lodd. Ex Schult fruit extracts in rats using Hershberger assay. Furthermore, to annotate secondary metabolites using LC-HRMS technique, to investigate underlying mechanisms responsible for 5-α-reductase inhibitory activity in silico and to compare cytotoxic effects in vitro against human prostatic stromal myofibroblast (WPMY-1) and human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-1) cell lines using MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (spectrophotometrically). The results showed significant anti-androgenic implications with varying degrees, markedly decreased sex organ weights, reduction in testosterone and increase in LH and FSH serum levels. Genetic diversity study ensured the correct genotype and revealed outperformance of SCoT compared with CBDP markers to interpret polymorphism among selected species. S. blackburniana exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against BPH-1 compared to finasteride. Molecular docking of 59 dereplicated metabolites belonging to various chemical classes revealed that helasaoussazine, pinoresinol and tetra-O-caffeoylquinic acid are the top inhibitors of 5-α-reductase-2. Our study provides an insight into the anti-androgenic activity of selected species of Egyptian Sabal supported by docking study for the first time, demonstrates safety toward liver and kidney and highlights a new potential therapeutic candidate for anti-androgenic related disease such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A M Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Daly
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amr Abdallah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Minia, Egypt
| | - Fatema R Saber
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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Mioc M, Milan A, Malița D, Mioc A, Prodea A, Racoviceanu R, Ghiulai R, Cristea A, Căruntu F, Șoica C. Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part I). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147740. [PMID: 35887090 PMCID: PMC9322890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are phytocompounds with a widespread range of biological activities that have been the subject of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, their underlying mechanisms of action in various pathologies are not completely elucidated. The current review aims to summarize the most recent literature, published in the last five years, regarding the mechanism of action of three triterpenic acids (asiatic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid), corelated with different biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial. All three discussed compounds share several mechanisms of action, such as the targeted modulation of the PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-kB, EMT, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, while other mechanisms that proved to only be specific for a part of the triterpenic acids discussed, such as the modulation of Notch, Hippo, and MALAT1/miR-206/PTGS1 signaling pathway, were highlighted as well. This paper stands as the first part in our literature study on the topic, which will be followed by a second part focusing on other triterpenic acids of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malița
- Department of Radiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (D.M. & A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (D.M. & A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Prodea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
| | - Florina Căruntu
- Department of Medical Semiology II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Liao C, Wang D, Qin S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu R, Xu F, Zhang P. Inflammatory-Dependent Bidirectional Effect of Bile Acids on NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Role in Ameliorating CPT-11-Induced Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:677738. [PMID: 35712724 PMCID: PMC9193974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.677738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) in combination with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin is a first-line chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, its clinical application is limited by the dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity of colitis. In our previous studies, several bile acids (BAs) were found significantly elevated in the colon of the CPT-11-induced rat colitis model. On the other hand, NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to play important roles in mediating colitis. Interestingly, BA was stated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in some studies, while in some other reports, it showed an inhibitory effect. We assumed that the inflammatory status in different circumstances might have contributed to the controversial findings. In this study, we first discovered, under non-inflammatory conditions, that supplementing BA could activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1-differentiated macrophages and promote inflammation. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory macrophages, however, BA inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced inflammation. Further experiments demonstrated that Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is essential in mediating the inhibitory effect of BA, while phospho-SP1 (p-SP1) is key to the activation. Furthermore, we applied the above findings to ameliorate CPT-11-caused colitis in rats by inhibiting SP1 with mithramycin A (MitA) or activating TGR5 using oleanolic acid (OA). Our findings may shed light on the discovery of effective interventions for reducing dose-limiting chemotherapy-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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69
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Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of New Oleanolic Acid and Lupeol Derivatives against Leukemia Cell Lines: Involvement of the NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126594. [PMID: 35743037 PMCID: PMC9223357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and Lupeol (LU) belong to the class of natural triterpenes and are endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including cytotoxicity toward several cancer cell lines. In this context, we investigated a set of compounds obtained from the two natural precursors for the cytotoxicity against leukemia HL60 cells and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) variant HL60R. Six new semi-synthetic triterpenes have been synthetized, fully characterized, and were investigated together with other triterpenes compounds for their pharmacological mechanism of action. The interaction of the more cytotoxic compounds with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has been also evaluated with the aid of docking. The lupane-like compounds were more active than the precursor, while the oleane-like compounds showed more complex behavior. Both OA and LU derivatives possess a similar interaction pattern with the p65 subunit of NF-κB, justifying the similar trend in their ability to inhibit the binding of p65 to DNA. Further, some of the derivatives tested were able to increase IκB-α levels preventing the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. In conclusion, this study offers a deeper insight on the pharmacological action of triterpenes toward leukemia cells, and it improves the background useful for the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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70
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Ke JJ, Lin J, Zhang X, Wu XZ, Zheng YY, Hu CM, Kang Y, Zhang K, Xiong Z, Ma ZQ. Synthesis of Benzylidene Analogs of Oleanolic Acid as Potential α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:911232. [PMID: 35755256 PMCID: PMC9213889 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.911232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of benzylidene analogs of oleanolic acid 4a∼4s were synthesized and assessed for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. The results presented that all synthesized analogs exhibited excellent-to-moderate inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Analog 4i showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50: 0.40 μM), and analog 4o presented the strongest α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 9.59 μM). Inhibition kinetics results showed that analogs 4i and 4o were reversible and mixed-type inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. Simulation docking results demonstrated the interaction between analogs and two enzymes. Moreover, analogs 4i and 4o showed a high level of safety against 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhuang Xiong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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71
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De Stefani C, Lodovichi J, Albonetti L, Salvatici MC, Quintela JC, Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. Solubility and Permeability Enhancement of Oleanolic Acid by Solid Dispersion in Poloxamers and γ-CD. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093042. [PMID: 35566392 PMCID: PMC9101807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in the Oleaceae family, and it represents 3.5% of the dry weight of olive leaves. OA has many pharmacological activities, such as hepatoprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and anti-microbic activities. Its therapeutic application is limited by its poor water solubility, bioavailability, and permeability. In this study, solid dispersions (SDs) were developed to overcome these OA limitations. Solubility studies were conducted to evaluate different hydrophilic polymers, drug-to-polymer ratios, and preparation methods. Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 407, and γ-CD exhibited the highest increases in terms of OA solubility, regardless of the method of preparation. Binary systems were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRPD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, pure compounds and SDs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to observe both the morphology and the particle surface. In vitro dissolution studies were performed for P407, P188, and γ-CD SDs. Preparation using the solvent evaporation method (SEM) produced the highest increase in the dissolution profiles of all three polymers with respect to the OA solution. Finally, the effect of SDs on OA permeability was evaluated with an in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). The formulation improved passive permeation across the simulated barrier due to OA increased solubility. The dissolution and PAMPA results indicate that the amorphization of OA by SD preparation could be a useful method to enhance its oral absorption, and it is also applicable on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Stefani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via U Schiff 6, 50519 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (J.L.); (L.A.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Jessika Lodovichi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via U Schiff 6, 50519 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (J.L.); (L.A.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Laura Albonetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via U Schiff 6, 50519 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (J.L.); (L.A.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Cristina Salvatici
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM)—Electron Microscopy Centre (Ce.M.E.), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | | | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via U Schiff 6, 50519 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (J.L.); (L.A.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via U Schiff 6, 50519 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (J.L.); (L.A.); (A.R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-457-3678
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72
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Ali IAA, Neelakantan P. Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2824-2838. [PMID: 35522168 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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73
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Butkevičiūtė A, Janulis V, Kviklys D. Triterpene Content in Flesh and Peel of Apples Grown on Different Rootstocks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1247. [PMID: 35567248 PMCID: PMC9100339 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in rootstock breeding and selection have revolutionized the manner in which apples are grown throughout the world. Fruit tree breeding has typically focused on key horticultural characteristics. Even though agents with health benefits have been investigated more frequently during the recent years, information about the effect of different cultivation factors, such as the rootstock, on triterpene concentration is still lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate triterpene profiles and the quantitative composition of different parts of apple fruit that was grown on 17 various origin and vigor rootstocks. HPLC analyses of triterpenes in apple samples were performed. The highest total content of triterpenes (7.72 ± 0.39 mg/g) was found in peel samples of apples grown on the dwarf rootstock 62-396-B10®. Depending on the rootstock, apple peel samples accumulated 3.52 to 4.74 times more triterpene compounds than apple flesh samples. Ursolic acid was the predominant triterpene compound in apple peel and flesh samples. The highest content of ursolic acid (5.84 ± 0.29 mg/g) was found in peel samples of apples grown on the dwarf rootstock 62-396-B10®. Meanwhile, the lowest amount of ursolic acid (3.25 ± 0.16 mg/g) was found in apple peel samples grown on the dwarf rootstock Cepiland-Pajam®2. A proper match of a cultivar and a rootstock can program a fruit tree to grow larger amounts of higher quality, antioxidant-rich, and high-nutrition-value fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurita Butkevičiūtė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Darius Kviklys
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno St. 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO Ullensvang, Ullensvangvegen 1005, 5781 Lofthus, Norway
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N-((1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-methylene-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-amide Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells by Stimulating Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting the Notch-Akt Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8123120. [PMID: 35528507 PMCID: PMC9068303 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females worldwide. Despite advancements in breast cancer therapy, the disease eventually progresses in most patients because of de novo or secondary resistance. Thus, discovering novel drugs with high effectiveness and low toxicity for systemic therapy is essential. In this study, we investigated whether a new oleanolic derivative N-((1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-methylene-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-amide (ZQL-4c) exhibits potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We determined that ZQL-4c strongly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We then found that ZQL-4c induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We then found that ZQL-4c significantly inhibited Notch-AKT signaling pathways that are related to oxidative stress. Taken together, this study is the first to show that ZQL-4c can significantly suppress the growth and invasion of breast cancer by blocking Notch-Akt signaling pathways, which are mainly regulated by ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Thus, ZQL-4c might be considered a novel and potential anticancer drug for breast cancer treatment.
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75
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Li L, Zuo ZT, Wang YZ. The Traditional Usages, Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:389-440. [PMID: 35300566 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As an endemic species,Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is widely distributed, such as in China, Korea, Japan, and North America, which have had a dual-purpose resource for medicines and food for over 2000 years. The applications of W. cocos were used to treat diseases including edema, insomnia, spleen deficiency, and vomiting. What's more, there have been wide uses of such edible fungi as a function food or dietary supplement recently. Up until now, 166 kinds of chemical components have been isolated and identified from W. cocos including triterpenes, polysaccharides, sterols, diterpenes, and others. Modern pharmacological studies showed that the components hold a wide range of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and antidepressant activities. In addition, present results showed that the mechanisms of pharmacological activities were closely related to chemical structures, molecular signaling paths and the expression of relate proteins for polysaccharides and triterpenes. For further in-depth studies on this fungus based on the recent research status, this review provided some perspectives and systematic summaries of W. cocos in traditional uses, chemical components, pharmacological activities, separation and analysis technologies, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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Hiraishi K, Jimma F, Soma H, Kagawa T, Yamaoka I. Investigating a novel hepatoprotective substance from ume extract (heated Japanese apricot juice concentrate). Part 1: Finding an active substance using a liver injury rat model. NFS JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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77
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Wang J, Du MM, Du Y, Li JX. HA-20 prevents hepatocyte steatosis in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via regulating Ca 2+ relative signalling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174838. [PMID: 35218717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is caused by hepatocyte steatosis and is associated with obesity, type II diabetes, and heart disease. There are currently no effective drugs to treat MAFLD. This study explored the effect of HA-20, an oleanolic acid derivative, on hepatocyte steatosis in MAFLD. HepG2, L02, and AML12 cells were developed using oleic acid for in vitro MAFLD cell assays, and a high-fat diet + high-fructose diet-induced (HFHF) MAFLD mouse model was established for in vivo studies. The results demonstrated that HA-20 prevented hepatocyte steatosis in cell assays and caused 26.3, 57.7 and 70.0% inhibition of triglyceride (TG) levels in the 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μM HA-20 groups, respectively. The EC50 values of HA-20 treatment in HepG2, L02 and AML12 cells were 9.7 ± 0.6 μM, 42.4 ± 3.5 μM and 71.0 ± 14.7 μM, respectively. HA-20 also prevented hepatocyte steatosis in the MAFLD mouse model, the liver triglyceride contents were 2.3 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L in the 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day HA-20 groups, lower than 6.2 ± 0.7 mmol/L in the HFHF group and 3.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L in the metformin group. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that HA-20 increased the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (p-CaMKK) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), at least partially by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which suppressed lipogenesis and enhanced β-oxidation. Our findings provide new insight into preventing MAFLD by increasing Ca2+ and suggest that HA-20 possesses therapeutic potential for MAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Song W, Zhang X, Feng L, Lai Y, Li T, Zhang P. Downregulated lncRNA SNHG18 Suppresses the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Meditates the Antitumor Effect of Oleanolic Acid. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:687-695. [PMID: 35221722 PMCID: PMC8864170 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s346920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oleanolic acid (OA) has been widely reported to possess antitumor effects, but the specific molecular mechanism underlying its inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains unclear. This study aims to uncover the mechanism of OA antitumor effect on HBV-associated HCC and identify a potential biomarker for tumor progression. Patients and Methods The effect of OA on major cellular processes of HBV-associated HCC cells was evaluated by CCK8 and Transwell assay. The potential molecular mechanism was assessed by cell transfection. This study also enrolled 111 HCC patients infected with HBV to evaluate the prognostic potential of lncRNA SNHG18 (SNHG18) in HBV-associated HCC. Results The inhibitory effect of OA was observed in the critical cellular processes of HBV-associated HCC cells, which depend on OA concentration. Downregulated SNHG18 in HBV-associated HCC was demonstrated to be involved in disease development and predict patients’ prognosis. The downregulation of SNHG18 dramatically promoted cellular processes of HBV-associated HCC could reverse the inhibitory effect of OA. Conclusion SNHG18 served as a tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker of HBV-associated HCC. Enhancing SNHG18 might be the mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of OA in HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Pengxia Zhang, Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 148 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Xue C, Lv H, Li Y, Dong N, Wang Y, Zhou J, Shi B, Shan A. Oleanolic acid reshapes the gut microbiota and alters immune-related gene expression of intestinal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:764-773. [PMID: 34227118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is present at high levels in olive oil and has several promising pharmacological effects, such as liver protection and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether OA treatment affects gut health compared to a control condition, including gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial immunity. RESULTS Illumina MiSeq sequencing (16S rRNA gene) was used to investigate the effect of OA on the microbial community of the intestinal tract, while Illumina HiSeq (RNA-seq) technology was used to investigate the regulatory effect of OA on gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells, which allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the effects of OA on intestinal health. The results showed that the consumption of OA initially controlled weight gain in mice and altered the composition of the gut microbiota. At the phylum level, OA significantly increased the relative abundances of cecum Firmicutes but decreased the abundance of Actinobacteria, and at the genus level it increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Oscillibacter and Ruminiclostridium 9. Oleanolic acid treatment also altered the expression of 12 genes involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways of complement and coagulation cascades, hematopoietic cell lineage, and leukocyte transendothelial migration in intestinal epithelial cells to improve gut immunity. CONCLUSION Intake of OA can contribute beneficial effects by optimizing gut microbiota and altering the immune function of intestinal epithelial cells, potentially to improve intestinal health status. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Xue
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lv
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- The Institute of Animal Nutrition, Heilongjiang Polytechnic, Shuangcheng, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Baoming Shi
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
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80
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The Use of Bioactive Compounds in Hyperglycemia- and Amyloid Fibrils-Induced Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020235. [PMID: 35213966 PMCID: PMC8879577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that defective insulin signaling may increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), influence neurodegeneration through promotion of amyloid formation or by increasing inflammatory responses to intraneuronal β-amyloid. Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia is linked to cognitive decline, with elevated levels of glucose causing oxidative stress in vulnerable tissues such as the brain. The ability of β-amyloid peptide to form β-sheet-rich aggregates and induce apoptosis has made amyloid fibrils a leading target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies used in managing and treatment of neuropathological conditions such as AD-related cognitive decline. Additionally, deposits of β-sheets folded amylin, a glucose homeostasis regulator, are also present in diabetic patients. Thus, therapeutic compounds capable of reducing intracellular protein aggregation in models of neurodegenerative disorders may prove useful in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms. Furthermore, both diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as AD, are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses accompanied by the presence of dysregulated inflammatory biomarkers. This review presents current evidence describing the role of various small bioactive molecules known to ameliorate amyloidosis and subsequent effects in prevention and development of diabetes and AD. It also highlights the potential efficacy of peptide–drug conjugates capable of targeting intracellular targets.
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Oleanolic Acid (OA) Targeting UNC5B Inhibits Proliferation and EMT of Ovarian Cancer Cell and Increases Chemotherapy Sensitivity of Niraparib. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5887671. [PMID: 35035481 PMCID: PMC8758276 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5887671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of OA on proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting UNC5B and to study its mechanism. Methods TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of UNC5B in ovarian cancer and its relationship with prognosis. The expression of UNC5B in ovarian cancer cells was detected by qPCR assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the changes of EMT markers after different treatments. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, transwell assay was used to evaluate cell migration, and clonogenesis assay was used to evaluate the effect of UNC5B on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of OA on niraparib was evaluated. Results UNC5B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer, and its expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. UNC5B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and OVCA420 compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells. In addition, silencing UNC5B inhibits the proliferation, invasion, clonogenesis, and EMT processes of ovarian cancer cells. OA inhibits proliferation, invasion, and clonogenesis of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting UNC5B and increases the antitumor activity of niraparib. Conclusion UNC5B acts as an oncogenic gene in ovarian cancer. OA inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT by targeting UNC5B and increases the antitumor effect of niraparib. UNC5B is expected to be a new potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. OA may be used as an antitumor drug and deserves further study.
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Deng XY, Ke JJ, Zheng YY, Li DL, Zhang K, Zheng X, Wu JY, Xiong Z, Wu PP, Xu XT. Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of oleanolic acid oxime ester derivatives as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:451-461. [PMID: 35012401 PMCID: PMC8757604 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2018682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Different oleanolic acid (OA) oxime ester derivatives (3a-3t) were designed and synthesised to develop inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. All the synthesised OA derivatives were evaluated against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro. Among them, compound 3a showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 of 0.35 µM, which was ∼1900 times stronger than that of acarbose, meanwhile compound 3f exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibitory with an IC50 of 3.80 µM that was ∼26 times higher than that of acarbose. The inhibition kinetic studies showed that the inhibitory mechanism of compounds 3a and 3f were reversible and mixed types towards α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. Molecular docking studies analysed the interaction between compound and two enzymes, respectively. Furthermore, cytotoxicity evaluation assay demonstrated a high level of safety profile of compounds 3a and 3f against 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells.Highlights Oleanolic acid oxime ester derivatives (3a–3t) were synthesised and screened against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Compound 3a showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory with IC50 of 0.35 µM. Compound 3f presented the highest α-amylase inhibitory with IC50 of 3.80 µM. Kinetic studies and in silico studies analysed the binding between compounds and α-glucosidase or α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yang Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Ke
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Li Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jing-Ying Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
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Bildziukevich U, Özdemir Z, Šaman D, Vlk M, Šlouf M, Rárová L, Wimmer Z. Novel cytotoxic 1,10-phenanthroline–triterpenoid amphiphiles with supramolecular characteristics capable of coordinating 64Cu( ii) labels. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8157-8163. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1,10-phenanthroline–triterpenoid amphiphiles formed nano-assemblies in water, coordinated Cu(ii) and 64Cu(ii) salts for potential cancer monitoring and therapy, and displayed cytotoxicity partly dependent on the formation of nano-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zulal Özdemir
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, CZ-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, CZ-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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84
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Abstract
Herbal compounds including those already well-established in traditional Chinese medicine have been increasingly tested in the treatment of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that herbal compounds can be of benefit also for pulmonary silicosis as they can diminish changes associated with silica-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Due to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies, development of novel approaches which may be introduced particularly in the early stage of the disease, is urgently needed. This review summarizes positive effects of several alternative plant-based drugs in the models of experimental silicosis with a potential for subsequent clinical investigation and use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamcakova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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85
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Abstract
Herbal compounds including those already well-established in traditional Chinese medicine have been increasingly tested in the treatment of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that herbal compounds can be of benefit also for pulmonary silicosis as they can diminish changes associated with silica-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Due to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies, development of novel approaches which may be introduced particularly in the early stage of the disease, is urgently needed. This review summarizes positive effects of several alternative plant-based drugs in the models of experimental silicosis with a potential for subsequent clinical investigation and use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J ADAMCAKOVA
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - D MOKRA
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) consumption has been growing in the last years, generating a large number of stalks (~10% of the berries bunch) that are still under-valorized. This study focused on the evaluation of elderberry stalks as a source of high-value phytochemicals. In this vein, the essential mineral content and lipophilic composition were analyzed for the first time. In addition, the polar fraction was evaluated regarding its total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity by both 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assays. The lipophilic fraction was mainly composed of triterpenic acids (2902.20 mg kg−1 of dry weight (dw)), fatty acids (711.73 mg kg−1 dw) and sterols (288.56 mg kg−1 dw). Minor amounts of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and other components were also detected. Ursolic acid (2265.83 mg kg−1 dw), hexadecanoic acid (219.85 mg kg−1 dw) and β-sitosterol (202.74 mg kg−1 dw) were the major lipophilic components verified. The results of this study also indicated that elderberry stalks might be used as a natural source of essential minerals, particularly calcium, iron and potassium, which are known to play important roles in various body functions. The analysis of the polar fraction also showed that elderberry stalks present TPC as high as elderberry themselves as well as considerable antioxidant activity (1.04 and 0.37 mmol TE g−1 of extract, against respectively ABTS and DPPH radicals). These results highlight the potential of elderberry stalks as a natural source of high-value phytochemicals that may be explored in several fields.
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87
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Lee JH, Yoo ES, Han SH, Jung GH, Han EJ, Jung SH, Seok Kim B, Cho SD, Nam JS, Choi C, Che JH, Jung JY. Oleanolic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Antão AR, Bangay G, Domínguez-Martín EM, Díaz-Lanza AM, Ríjo P. Plectranthus ecklonii Benth: A Comprehensive Review Into its Phytochemistry and Exerted Biological Activities. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768268. [PMID: 34916943 PMCID: PMC8670309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Plectranthus genus (Lamiaceae family) contain several species with acknowledged ethnopharmacological uses, such as, for gastrointestinal and respiratory-related problems, due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties. The bioactivity of isolated medicinal compounds from this genus justifies the increased interest in recent times for species of Plectranthus, placing them in the spotlight for natural product drug development. Aim of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on the biological activities of Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. As such, the aim of this review was three-fold: 1) to summarize the chemical compounds isolated from P. ecklonii; 2) to collate the biological activities and mechanisms of action of these compounds from in vitro studies; and 3) to evaluate the documented uses and potential applications of this species, in order to postulate on the direction of pharmaceutical uses of this species. Materials and methods: An extensive database retrieval was performed using the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The search criteria consisted of the keywords "Plectranthus ecklonii", "Plectranthus ecklonii + review", "Plectranthus ecklonii + diterpenes" or "Plectranthus ecklonii + abietanes", "ecklonii + parviflorone D", searched individually and as combinations. Eligibility criteria were set out and titles in English, Portuguese and Spanish were reviewed, with all references included dating from 1970 to 2021. A total of 169 papers were selected and included. Chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw 20.0, CID numbers were searched in PubChem and the PRISMA diagram was created using PowerPoint 2012. Results: To date, a total of 28 compounds have been isolated from P. ecklonii, including diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Most focused on the antimicrobial action of its constituents, although compounds have demonstrated other bioactivities, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. The most recent studies emphasize the diterpenoids, particularly parviflorone D, with the help of nanotechnology. Conclusions: The widespread ethnobotanical and traditional uses of P. ecklonii can be scientifically justified by a range of biological activities, demonstrated by isolated secondary metabolites. These bioactivities showcase the potential of this species in the development of economically important active pharmaceutical ingredients, particularly in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ribeirinha Antão
- CBIOS -Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabrielle Bangay
- CBIOS -Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
- University of Alcalá de Henares, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Area (Pharmacognosy Laboratory), New Antitumor Compounds: Toxic Action on Leukemia Cells Research Group, Campus University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Eva María Domínguez-Martín
- CBIOS -Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
- University of Alcalá de Henares, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Area (Pharmacognosy Laboratory), New Antitumor Compounds: Toxic Action on Leukemia Cells Research Group, Campus University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana María Díaz-Lanza
- University of Alcalá de Henares, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Area (Pharmacognosy Laboratory), New Antitumor Compounds: Toxic Action on Leukemia Cells Research Group, Campus University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Patrícia Ríjo
- CBIOS -Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Oboh M, Govender L, Siwela M, Mkhwanazi BN. Anti-Diabetic Potential of Plant-Based Pentacyclic Triterpene Derivatives: Progress Made to Improve Efficacy and Bioavailability. Molecules 2021; 26:7243. [PMID: 34885816 PMCID: PMC8659003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) results from the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin or weakened cellular response to the insulin produced, which leads to hyperglycemia. Current treatments of DM focus on the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as acarbose, alpha-glucose inhibitors, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and biguanides to control blood glucose levels. However, these medications are known to have various side effects in addition to their bioavailability, efficacy, and safety concerns. These drawbacks have increased interest in the anti-diabetic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds such as oleanolic and maslinic acids. Although their efficacy in ameliorating blood glucose levels has been reported in several studies, their bioavailability and efficacy remain of concern. The current review examines the anti-diabetic effects of oleanolic, maslinic, asiatic, ursolic, and corosolic acids and their derivatives, as well as the progress made thus far to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy. The literature for the current review was gathered from leading academic databases-including Google Scholar and PubMed-the key words listed below were used. The literature was searched as widely and comprehensively as possible without a defined range of dates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwanazi
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (M.O.); (L.G.); (M.S.)
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90
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Han Y, Wang C, Li X, Liang G. Oleanolic acid reduces oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:680-687. [PMID: 34820872 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an early major pathological feature after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and involves in the development of acute brain injury, neuronal apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm following SAH. Antioxidant stress is an effective way to improve the prognosis of SAH. Oleanolic acid is a widely used triterpenoid from plants, which has strong antioxidant activities, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. However, whether oleanolic acid exerts its anti-oxidant effect after SAH and the underlying mechanisms involved in it is unclear. In current study, the SAH model was established on Sprague Dawley rats using a standard intravascular puncture model. We found OA treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels, and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and GSH-Px after SAH, and reduced many EBI-related indicators, including brain edema, BBB disruption, SAH grades, and neurological score. In addition, the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway after SAH was also detected. And by using Nrf2 siRNA intracerebroventricular injections, apoptosis related factors downstream of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were detected. By TUNEL staining, OA treatment obviously reduced neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, we suggest that OA could alleviate oxidative stress and reduce neuronal apoptosis through activating Nrf 2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Han
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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91
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Kang HG, Lee HK, Cho KB, Park SI. A Review of Natural Products for Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1266. [PMID: 34833485 PMCID: PMC8623373 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly called acute renal failure (ARF), is commonly defined as an abrupt decline in renal function, clinically manifesting as a reversible acute increase in nitrogen waste products-measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels-over the course of hours to weeks. AKI occurs in about 20% of all hospitalized patients and is more common in the elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of AKI, and to detect and treat early, since it is known that a prolonged period of kidney injury increases cardiovascular complications and the risk of death. Despite advances in modern medicine, there are no consistent treatment strategies for preventing the progression to chronic kidney disease. Through many studies, the safety and efficacy of natural products have been proven, and based on this, the time and cost required for new drug development can be reduced. In addition, research results on natural products are highly anticipated in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In relation to AKI, many papers have reported that many natural products can prevent and treat AKI. CONCLUSIONS in this paper, the results of studies on natural products related to AKI were found and summarized, and the mechanism by which the efficacy of AKI was demonstrated was reviewed. Many natural products show that AKI can be prevented and treated, suggesting that these natural products can help to develop new drugs. In addition, we may be helpful to elucidate additional mechanisms and meta-analysis in future natural product studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Optometry, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 20561, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ki Lee
- School of Game, DongYang University, Dongducheon 11307, Korea;
| | - Kyu Bong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeonbu 11644, Korea;
| | - Sang Il Park
- Department of Optometry, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 20561, Korea;
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92
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Tang ZY, Li Y, Tang YT, Ma XD, Tang ZY. Anticancer activity of oleanolic acid and its derivatives: Recent advances in evidence, target profiling and mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112397. [PMID: 34798468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA, 3 β - hydroxyoleanolic acid-12-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in many plants. As a new framework for development of semi synthetic triterpenoids, OA is of great significance in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Some of these derivatives, such as CDDO (2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1, 9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid) have been verified in clinical trials, while other derivatives studied previously, such as SZC014, SZC015 and SZC017 (OA derivatives respectively), are also candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This paper reviews the preclinical studies, literature evidence, target analysis and anticancer mechanism of OA and its derivatives. The mechanism of action of its derivatives mainly includes anti-cancer cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, regulating cell cycle regulatory proteins, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth, anti angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of OA and its derivatives has been elucidated. These effects seem to be mediated by the alterations in a variety of signaling pathways induced by OA and its derivatives. In conclusion, OA and its derivatives are considered as important candidate drugs for the treatment of cancer, indicating that OA and its derivatives have the potential to be used as anticancer drugs in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Ze-Yao Tang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
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93
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Cancer Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Terpenoids by Modulating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Signaling System—A Comprehensive Update. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ROS, RNS, and carcinogenic metabolites generate excessive oxidative stress, which changes the basal cellular status and leads to epigenetic modification, genomic instability, and initiation of cancer. Epigenetic modification may inhibit tumor-suppressor genes and activate oncogenes, enabling cells to have cancer promoting properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, and is activated in response to cellular stress. It can regulate redox homoeostasis by expressing several cytoprotective enzymes, including NADPH quinine oxidoreductase, heme oxygenase-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, etc. There is accumulating evidence supporting the idea that dietary nutraceuticals derived from commonly used fruits, vegetables, and spices have the ability to produce cancer chemopreventive activity by inducing Nrf2-mediated detoxifying enzymes. In this review, we discuss the importance of these nutraceuticals in cancer chemoprevention and summarize the role of dietary terpenoids in this respect. This approach was taken to accumulate the mechanistic function of these terpenoids to develop a comprehensive understanding of their direct and indirect roles in modulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling system.
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94
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Wu X, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Neuroinflammation and Modulation Role of Natural Products After Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5713-5737. [PMID: 34764668 PMCID: PMC8576359 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic injury of the central nervous system, characterized by neurological dysfunction and locomotor disability. Although the underlying pathological mechanism of SCI is complex and remains unclear, the important role of neuroinflammation has been gradually unveiled in recent years. The inflammation process after SCI involves disruption of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB), activation of gliocytes, infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and feedback loops between different cells. Thus, our first aim is to illustrate pathogenesis, related cells and factors of neuroinflammation after SCI in this review. Due to the good bioactivity of natural products derived from plants and medicinal herbs, these widely exist as food, health-care products and drugs in our lives. In the inflammation after SCI, multiple natural products exert satisfactory effects. Therefore, the second aim of this review is to sum up the effects and mechanisms of 25 natural compounds and 7 extracts derived from plants or medicinal herbs on neuroinflammation after SCI. Clarification of the SCI inflammation mechanism and a summary of the related natural products is helpful for in-depth research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
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95
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Jayasuriya R, Dhamodharan U, Ali D, Ganesan K, Xu B, Ramkumar KM. Targeting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway by bioactive natural agents: Possible therapeutic strategy to combat liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153755. [PMID: 34583226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a stress-activated transcription factor, has been documented to induce a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases. PURPOSE The present review highlights the role of phytochemical compounds in activating Nrf2 and mitigate toxicant-induced stress on liver injury. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was carried out to focus on original publications related to Nrf2 activators against liver disease using various literature databases, including the scientific Databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google, EMBASE, and Scientific Information (SID). RESULTS Nrf2 activators exhibited promising effects in resisting a variety of liver diseases induced by different toxicants in preclinical experiments and in vitro studies by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as an antioxidant defense mechanism. We found that the phytochemical compounds, such as curcumin, naringenin, sulforaphane, diallyl disulfide, mangiferin, oleanolic acid, umbelliferone, daphnetin, quercetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, hesperidin, diammonium glycyrrhizinate, corilagin, shikonin, farrerol, and chenpi, had the potential to improve the Nrf2-ARE signaling thereby combat hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Nrf2 activators may offer a novel potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. More extensive studies are essential to identify the underlying mechanisms and establish future therapeutic potentials of these signaling modulators. Further clinical trials are warranted to determine the safety and effectiveness of Nrf2 activators for hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Kazakova O, Rubanik L, Lobov A, Poleshchuk N, Baikova I, Kapustina Y, Petrova A, Korzun T, Lopatina T, Fedorova A, Rybalova T, Polovianenko D, Mioc M, Șoica C. Synthesis of erythrodiol C-ring derivatives and their activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. Steroids 2021; 175:108912. [PMID: 34480919 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To develop new potential agents against Chlamydia trachomatis among oleanane type triterpenoids the synthesis, spectral and X-ray analysis as well as antimicrobial screening of C-12 oxygen and nitrogen derivatives of erythrodiol is presented. The reduction of methyl 3β-acetoxy-12-oxo-oleanoate with LiAlH4 led to isomeric erythrodiol 12β- and 12α-hydroxy-derivatives, their stereochemistry with respect to the position of hydroxyl-group at C-12 was determined based on the multiplets splitting patterns, the magnitude of the spin-spin interaction, and NOESY interactions. Methyl 3β-acetoxy-12-oxo-oleanoate was transformed to 12E-hydroxyimino- and 12E-methoxyimino-derivatives by the interaction with NH2OH∙HCl or CH3ONH2∙HCl, respectively. By Beckmann rearrangement with SOCl2 in dioxane 12E-oxime was converted to C-lactame and its following reduction with LiAlH4 in THF or dioxane led to erythrodiol C-azepanone or C-azepane derivatives. The structure 3-O,12-N-bis-acetyl-derivative of C-azepane-erythrodiol was confirmed by the single crystal X-ray analysis. Erythrodiol 12β-hydroxy- and C-azepane derivatives were found to be lead compounds with significant activity against C. trachomatis with MIC 1.56 and 3.125 μg/mL. Molecular docking was employed to suggest potential binding interaction, the tested compounds are likely to act as Cdu1 protein inhibitors while 12β-hydroxy-erythrodiol exhibited the highest affinity towards this respective target protein. These results indicated that C-ring oxygen and nitrogen erythrodiol derivatives might be considered for further research in the design of antibacterial agents against Chlamydia trachomatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation.
| | - Liudmila Rubanik
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk 220114, Belarus
| | - Alexander Lobov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai Poleshchuk
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk 220114, Belarus
| | - Irina Baikova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya Kapustina
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk 220114, Belarus
| | - Anastasiya Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Korzun
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk 220114, Belarus
| | - Tatyana Lopatina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Fedorova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtzov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri Polovianenko
- N.N. Vorozhtzov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, Timisoara 300041, Romania
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97
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Wang J, Guo Y, Yin X, Wang X, Qi X, Xue Z. Diverse triterpene skeletons are derived from the expansion and divergent evolution of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases in plants. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:113-132. [PMID: 34601979 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites and exhibit diverse structures, which are derived from C30 skeletons that are biosynthesized via the isoprenoid pathway by cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene. Triterpenoids have a wide range of biological activities, and are used in functional foods, drugs, and as industrial materials. Due to the low content levels in their native plants and limited feasibility and efficiency of chemical synthesis, heterologous biosynthesis of triterpenoids is the most promising strategy. Herein, we classified 121 triterpene alcohols/ketones according to their conformation and ring numbers, among which 51 skeletons have been experimentally characterized as the products of oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). Interestingly, 24 skeletons that have not been reported from nature source were generated by OSCs in heterologous expression. Comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the identified 152 OSCs from 75 species in 25 plant orders show that several pentacyclic triterpene synthases repeatedly originated in multiple plant lineages. Comparative analysis of OSC catalytic reaction revealed that stabilization of intermediate cations, steric hindrance, and conformation of active center amino acid residues are primary factors affecting triterpene formation. Optimization of OSC could be achieved by changing of side-chain orientations of key residues. Recently, methods, such as rationally design of pathways, regulation of metabolic flow, compartmentalization engineering, etc., were introduced in improving chassis for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids. We expect that extensive study of natural variation of large number of OSCs and catalytical mechanism will provide basis for production of high level of triterpenoids by application of synthetic biology strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xue Yin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
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98
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Bildziukevich U, Kvasnicová M, Šaman D, Rárová L, Wimmer Z. Novel Oleanolic Acid-Tryptamine and -Fluorotryptamine Amides: From Adaptogens to Agents Targeting In Vitro Cell Apoptosis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102082. [PMID: 34685891 PMCID: PMC8540097 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oleanolic acid is a natural plant adaptogen, and tryptamine is a natural psychoactive drug. To compare their effects of with the effect of their derivatives, tryptamine and fluorotryptamine amides of oleanolic acid were designed and synthesized. Methods: The target amides were investigated for their pharmacological effect, and basic supramolecular self-assembly characteristics. Four human cancer cell lines were involved in the screening tests performed by standard methods. Results: The ability to display cytotoxicity and to cause selective cell apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma and in human malignant melanoma was seen with the three most active compounds of the prepared series of compounds. Tryptamine amide of (3β)-3-(acetyloxy)olean-12-en-28-oic acid (3a) exhibited cytotoxicity in HeLa cancer cell lines (IC50 = 8.7 ± 0.4 µM) and in G-361 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 9.0 ± 0.4 µM). Fluorotryptamine amides of (3β)-3-(acetyloxy)olean-12-en-28-oic acid (compounds 3b and 3c) showed cytotoxicity in the HeLa cancer cell line (IC50 = 6.7 ± 0.4 µM and 12.2 ± 4.7 µM, respectively). The fluorotryptamine amide of oleanolic acid (compound 4c) displayed cytotoxicity in the MCF7 cancer cell line (IC50 = 13.5 ± 3.3 µM). Based on the preliminary UV spectra measured in methanol/water mixtures, the compounds 3a–3c were also found to self-assemble into supramolecular systems. Conclusions: An effect of the fluorine atom present in the molecules on self-assembly was observed with 3b. Enhanced cytotoxicity has been achieved in 3a–4c in comparison with the effect of the parent oleanolic acid (1) and tryptamine. The compounds 3a–3c showed a strong induction of apoptosis in HeLa and G-361 cells after 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kvasnicová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (L.R.); or (Z.W.)
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.R.); or (Z.W.)
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99
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Woo JS, Yoo ES, Kim SH, Lee JH, Han SH, Jung SH, Jung GH, Jung JY. Anticancer effects of oleanolic acid on human melanoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109619. [PMID: 34364837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the ineffectiveness of the currently used therapies against melanoma, there has been a shift in focus toward alternative therapies involving the use of natural compounds. This study assessed the anticancer effects of oleanolic acid (OA) and its ability to induce apoptosis in A375SM and A375P melanoma cells in vivo. Compared to the control group, viability of A375P and A375SM cells decreased following OA treatment. In OA-treated A375SM and A375P cells, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed an increase in the apoptotic body, and flow cytometry revealed increased number of apoptotic cells compared to that in the control group. OA-treated A375SM cells exhibited an increased expression of the apoptotic proteins, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein (Bax) as well as decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 compared to that in the control group. In OA-treated A375P cells, expression patterns of cleaved PARP and Bcl-2 were similar to those in OA-treated A375SM cells; however, no difference was reported in the expression of Bax compared to that in the control group. Additionally, OA-treated melanoma cells showed decreased expression of phospho-nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB), phospho-inhibitor of nuclear factor-κBα (p-IκBα), and phospho-IκB kinase αβ than that in the control group. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed a comparatively decreased level of p-NF-κB in the OA-treated group than that in the control group. Xenograft analysis confirmed the in vivo anticancer effects of OA against A375SM cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed an increased number of TUNEL-positive cells in the OA-treated group compared to that in the control group. In conclusion, the study results suggest that OA induces apoptosis of A375SM and A375P cells in vitro and apoptosis of A375SM cells in vivo. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects were mediated by the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Seok Woo
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungcheongnam, 32439, Republic of Korea.
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100
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Shi Z, Pan S, Wang L, Li S. Topical gel based nanoparticles for the controlled release of oleanolic acid: design and in vivo characterization of a cubic liquid crystalline anti-inflammatory drug. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:224. [PMID: 34481504 PMCID: PMC8417955 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oleanolic acid (OA) has multiple pharmaceutical applications including anti-inflammatory activity, but low permeability of the molecule limits its widespread use. Methods A cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticle (LCNP)-based gel was prepared as a potential topical delivery system for OA. The LCNP-based gel was optimized using rheological, drug release kinetic, and ex vivo permeation studies. Results The studies showed that the OA was trapped in the interior of the LCNP with a crystal form of Pn3m space. The optimized LCNP formulation performed well using in vitro release studies for up to 12 h (85.49 ± 0.21%). Ex vivo permeation studies showed that the LCNP-based gel formulation was superior to a standard gel formulation. The r2 value from the Peppas equation indicated good linearity, but showed irregular (non-Fickian) diffusion, suggesting that drug release was controlled by multiple processes. Conclusions In this study, OA-loaded LCNPs were prepared by the precursor method, resulting in a well-characterized OA-LCNP gel preparation. The gel was shown to be effective in a rodent carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation model with sustained efficacy after a single application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Shi
- Changzhou Institute of Industry and Technology, No.28#, Mingxin Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shugang Pan
- Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luolin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sha Li
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.8#, Zhongnan Road, Wuxi, 214071, Jiangsu Province, China.
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