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Chen Y, Zhu X, Ye F, Wang H, Wan X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Bai X, Xiao Y, Sun X. Malondialdehyde-Modified Photoreceptor Outer Segments Promote Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 35015060 PMCID: PMC8762676 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to establish a novel choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model through subretinally injecting malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified photoreceptor outer segments (POS), which was more consistent with the pathogenesis of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods MDA-modified POS were subretinally injected in C57BL/6J mice. Four weeks later, to assess the volume of CNV and the morphology of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), isolectin B4 and zonula occludens-1 antibody were used for immunostaining. Fundus fluorescent angiography and optical coherence tomography imaging were used to describe the morphologic features of CNV. Transepithelial resistance was measured on polarized ARPE-19 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein and messenger RNA expression levels of autophagy markers were measured using Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results CNV and RPE atrophy were successfully induced in the mouse model. MDA-modified POS also significantly increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and disrupted cell junctions in RPE cells. In addition, MDA-modified POS induced autophagy–lysosomal impairment in RPE cells. Conclusions Subretinal injection of MDA-modified POS may generate a feasible CNV model that simulates the AMD pathological process. Translational Relevance This study expands the understanding of the role of MDA in AMD pathogenesis, which provides a potential therapeutic target of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxiang Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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Ingvaldsen SH, Morken TS, Austeng D, Dammann O. Visuopathy of prematurity: is retinopathy just the tip of the iceberg? Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1043-1048. [PMID: 34168272 PMCID: PMC9122817 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) focuses mainly on the abnormal vascularization patterns that are directly visible for ophthalmologists. However, recent findings indicate that children born prematurely also exhibit changes in the retinal cellular architecture and along the dorsal visual stream, such as structural changes between and within cortical areas. Moreover, perinatal sustained systemic inflammation (SSI) is associated with an increased risk for ROP and the visual deficits that follow. In this paper, we propose that ROP might just be the tip of an iceberg we call visuopathy of prematurity (VOP). The VOP paradigm comprises abnormal vascularization of the retina, alterations in retinal cellular architecture, choroidal degeneration, and abnormalities in the visual pathway, including cortical areas. Furthermore, VOP itself might influence the developmental trajectories of cerebral structures and functions deemed responsible for visual processing, thereby explaining visual deficits among children born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Hegna Ingvaldsen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tora Sund Morken
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dordi Austeng
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olaf Dammann
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.67033.310000 0000 8934 4045Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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53
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Chae JB, Jang H, Son C, Park CW, Choi H, Jin S, Lee HY, Lee H, Ryu JH, Kim N, Kim C, Chung H. Targeting senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells facilitates retinal regeneration in mouse models of age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2021; 43:2809-2833. [PMID: 34601706 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disorder with angiogenic, immune, and inflammatory components, the most common clinical treatment strategies are antiangiogenic therapies. However, these strategies are only applicable to neovascular AMD, which accounts for less than 20% of all AMD cases, and there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of dry AMD, which accounts for ~ 80% of AMD cases. Here, we report that the elimination of senescent cells is a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of all types of AMD. We identified senescent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in animal models of AMD and determined their contributions to retinal degeneration. We further confirmed that the clearance of senescent RPE cells with the MDM2-p53 inhibitor Nutlin-3a ameliorated retinal degeneration. These findings provide new insights into the use of senescent cells as a therapeutic target for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Byoung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoik Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanok Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seongeon Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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54
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Park SY, Song WC, Kim B, Oh JW, Park G. Nano-Graphene Oxide-Promoted Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells through Regulation of Phospholipase D Signaling. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102546. [PMID: 34684987 PMCID: PMC8540736 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (Nano-GO) is an extensively studied multifunctional carbon nanomaterial with attractive applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We aimed to determine whether Nano-GO induces EMT by regulating phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells. The physicochemical characterization of Nano-GO was performed using a Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RPE cell viability assays were performed, and the migratory effects of RPE cells were evaluated. RPE cell collagen gel contraction was also determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect EMT-related protein expression. Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymatic activities were also measured. Nano-GO significantly enhanced the scratch-healing ability of RPE cells, indicating that the RPE cell migration ability was increased. Following Nano-GO treatment, the RPE cell penetration of the chamber was significantly promoted, suggesting that the migratory ability was strengthened. We also observed collagen gel contraction and the generation of intracellular ROS in RPE cells. The results showed that Nano-GO induced collagen gel contraction and intracellular ROS production in RPE cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis revealed that Nano-GO significantly regulated key molecules of EMT, including epithelial-cadherin, neural-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Interestingly, Nano-GO-induced RPE cell migration and intracellular ROS production were abrogated in PLD-knockdown RPE cells, indicating that PLD activation played a crucial role in the Nano-GO-induced RPE EMT process. We demonstrate for the first time that Nano-GO promotes RPE cell migration through PLD-mediated ROS production. We provide preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that Nano-GO has adverse health effects related to RPE damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (G.P.); Tel.: +82-51-510-3630 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-510-3740 (G.P.); Fax: +82-51-514-7065 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-518-4113 (G.P.)
| | - Woo Chang Song
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Beomjin Kim
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (G.P.); Tel.: +82-51-510-3630 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-510-3740 (G.P.); Fax: +82-51-514-7065 (S.Y.P.); +82-51-518-4113 (G.P.)
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55
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Jana B, Kim S, Chae JB, Chung H, Kim C, Ryu JH. Mitochondrial Membrane Disrupting Molecules for Selective Killing of Senescent Cells. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3391-3397. [PMID: 34580971 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a stable form of cell cycle arrest, facilitates protection from tumorigenesis and aids in tissue repair as they accumulate in the body at an early age. However, long-term retention of senescent cells causes inflammation, aging of the tissue, and progression of deadly diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Various attempts have been made to achieve selective elimination of senescent cells from the body, yet little has been explored in designing the mitochondria-targeted senolytic agent. Many characteristics of senescence are associated with mitochondria. Here we have designed a library of alkyl-monoquaternary ammonium-triphenyl phosphine (TPP) and alkyl-diquaternary ammonium-TPP of varying alkyl chain lengths, which target the mitochondria; we also studied their senolytic properties. It was observed that the alkyl-diquaternary ammonium-TPP with the longest chain length induced apoptosis in senescent cells selectively via an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane disruption. This study demonstrates that mitochondria could be a potential target for designing new small molecules as senolytic agents for the treatment of a variety of dysfunctions associated with pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batakrishna Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sangpil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae-Byoung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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56
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Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium impairs stem cells: a vicious cycle in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:67-77. [PMID: 34535868 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging, chronic oxidative stress, and inflammation are major pathogenic factors in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The human RPE contains a subpopulation of progenitors (i.e., RPE stem cells-RPESCs) whose role in the RPE homeostasis is under investigation. We evaluated the paracrine effects of mature RPE cells exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2) on RPESCs behavior through co-cultural, morphofunctional, and bioinformatic approaches. RPESCs showed a decline in proliferation, an increase of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, the acquisition of a senescent-like secretory phenotype (SASP), and the reduction of their stemness and differentiation competencies. IL-6 and Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) seem to be key molecules in RPESCs response to oxidative stress. Our results get insight into stress-induced senescent-associated molecular mechanisms implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The presence of chronic oxidative stress in the microenvironment reduces the RPESCs abilities, inducing and/or maintaining a pro-inflammatory retinal milieu that in turn could affect AMD onset and progression.
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57
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May A, Su F, Dinh B, Ehlen R, Tran C, Adivikolanu H, Shaw PX. Ongoing controversies and recent insights of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108605. [PMID: 33930395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of central vision loss among elderly populations in industrialized countries. Genome-wide association studies have consistently associated two genomic loci with progression to late-stage AMD: the complement factor H (CFH) locus on chromosome 1q31 and the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2-HtrA serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2-HTRA1) locus on chromosome 10q26. While the CFH risk variant has been shown to alter complement activity, the ARMS2-HTRA1 risk haplotype remains enigmatic due to high linkage disequilibrium and inconsistent functional findings spanning two genes that are plausibly causative for AMD risk. In this review, we detail the genetic and functional evidence used to support either ARMS2 or HTRA1 as the causal gene for AMD risk, emphasizing both the historical development and the current understanding of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in AMD pathogenesis. We conclude by summarizing the evidence in favor of HTRA1 and present our hypothesis whereby HTRA1-derived ECM fragments mediate AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam May
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Fei Su
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Brian Dinh
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Rachael Ehlen
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Christina Tran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Harini Adivikolanu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Peter X Shaw
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
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Sams E. Oligodendrocytes in the aging brain. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210008. [PMID: 34290887 PMCID: PMC8264650 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the human brain volume is made up of white matter: regions where axons are coated in myelin, which primarily functions to increase the conduction speed of axon potentials. White matter volume significantly decreases with age, correlating with cognitive decline. Much research in the field of non-pathological brain aging mechanisms has taken a neuron-centric approach, with relatively little attention paid to other neural cells. This review discusses white matter changes, with focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their ability to produce and maintain myelin to support normal brain homoeostasis. Improved understanding of intrinsic cellular changes, general senescence mechanisms, intercellular interactions and alterations in extracellular environment which occur with aging and impact oligodendrocyte cells is paramount. This may lead to strategies to support oligodendrocytes in aging, for example by supporting myelin synthesis, protecting against oxidative stress and promoting the rejuvenation of the intrinsic regenerative potential of progenitor cells. Ultimately, this will enable the protection of white matter integrity thus protecting cognitive function into the later years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Catherine Sams
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel E1 2AT, London
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59
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Li E, Wang Y, Li Q, Li L, Wei L. Protective Effects of Sal B on Oxidative Stress-Induced Aging by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish. Molecules 2021; 26:5239. [PMID: 34500674 PMCID: PMC8434535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The models of oxidative damage-induced aging were established by adding ethanol (C2H5OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to zebrafish embryos in this research. To find effective protective drugs/foods, Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) was added after the embryos were treated by these oxidative reagents. After being treated with ethanol, H2O2 and 6-OHDA, the morphological changes were obvious and the deformities included spinal curvature, heart bleeding, liver bleeding, yolk sac deformity and pericardial edema, and the expression of oxidative stress-related genes Nrf2b, sod1 and sod2 and aging-related genes myl2a and selenbp1 were significantly up-regulated compared to the control group. While after adding 0.05 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL Sal B to the ethanol-treated group, death rates and MDA levels decreased, the activity of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) changed and Nrf2b, sod1, sod2, myl2a, selenbp1, p53 and p21 were down-regulated compared to the ethanol-treated group. The bioinformatics analysis also showed that oxidative stress-related factors were associated with a variety of cellular functions and physiological pathways. In conclusion, Sal B can protect against aging through regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway as well as antioxidative genes and enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Instituted of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yunhao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Instituted of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Instituted of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Instituted of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lijun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Instituted of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
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60
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Armento A, Schmidt TL, Sonntag I, Merle DA, Jarboui MA, Kilger E, Clark SJ, Ueffing M. CFH Loss in Human RPE Cells Leads to Inflammation and Complement System Dysregulation via the NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168727. [PMID: 34445430 PMCID: PMC8396051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, is a degenerative disease of the macula, where retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are damaged in the early stages of the disease, and chronic inflammatory processes may be involved. Besides aging and lifestyle factors as drivers of AMD, a strong genetic association to AMD is found in genes of the complement system, with a single polymorphism in the complement factor H gene (CFH), accounting for the majority of AMD risk. However, the exact mechanism of CFH dysregulation confers such a great risk for AMD and its role in RPE cell homeostasis is unclear. To explore the role of endogenous CFH locally in RPE cells, we silenced CFH in human hTERT-RPE1 cells. We demonstrate that endogenously expressed CFH in RPE cells modulates inflammatory cytokine production and complement regulation, independent of external complement sources, or stressors. We show that loss of the factor H protein (FH) results in increased levels of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF) and altered levels of complement proteins (e.g., C3, CFB upregulation, and C5 downregulation) that are known to play a role in AMD. Moreover, our results identify the NF-κB pathway as the major pathway involved in regulating these inflammatory and complement factors. Our findings suggest that in RPE cells, FH and the NF-κB pathway work in synergy to maintain inflammatory and complement balance, and in case either one of them is dysregulated, the RPE microenvironment changes towards a proinflammatory AMD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Armento
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.U.); Tel.: +49-7071-29-84953 (A.A.)
| | - Tiziana L. Schmidt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Inga Sonntag
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - David A. Merle
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Ellen Kilger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Simon J. Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.L.S.); (I.S.); (D.A.M.); (M.A.J.); (E.K.); (S.J.C.)
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.U.); Tel.: +49-7071-29-84953 (A.A.)
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Lem DW, Davey PG, Gierhart DL, Rosen RB. A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1255. [PMID: 34439503 PMCID: PMC8389280 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a leading cause of modifiable vision loss in older adults. Chronic oxidative injury and compromised antioxidant defenses represent essential drivers in the development of retinal neurodegeneration. Overwhelming free radical species formation results in mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as cellular and metabolic imbalance, which becomes exacerbated with increasing age. Thus, the depletion of systemic antioxidant capacity further proliferates oxidative stress in AMD-affected eyes, resulting in loss of photoreceptors, neuroinflammation, and ultimately atrophy within the retinal tissue. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the neuroprotective potential of the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on retinal neurodegeneration for the purpose of adjunctive nutraceutical strategy in the management of AMD. A comprehensive literature review was performed to retrieve 55 eligible publications, using four database searches from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. Epidemiology studies indicated an enhanced risk reduction against late AMD with greater dietary consumption of carotenoids, meanwhile greater concentrations in macular pigment demonstrated significant improvements in visual function among AMD patients. Collectively, evidence strongly suggests that carotenoid vitamin therapies offer remarkable synergic protection in the neurosensory retina, with the potential to serve as adjunctive nutraceutical therapy in the management of established AMD, albeit these benefits may vary among different stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W. Lem
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | | | | | - Richard B. Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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Bilbao-Malavé V, González-Zamora J, de la Puente M, Recalde S, Fernandez-Robredo P, Hernandez M, Layana AG, Saenz de Viteri M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1170. [PMID: 34439418 PMCID: PMC8388889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease in which a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to increased risk of developing this vision-incapacitating condition. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathophysiology of AMD and recent publications have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in this disease. Although treatment with vascular endothelium growth factor inhibitors have decreased the risk of blindness in patients with the exudative form of AMD, the search for new therapeutic options continues to prevent the loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells, characteristic of late stage AMD. In this review, we explain how mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in AMD pathogenesis. We also discuss a role of several antioxidants (bile acids, resveratrol, melatonin, humanin, and coenzyme Q10) in amelioration of AMD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Miriam de la Puente
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Garcia Layana
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Interlink between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Complement Factor H. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070763. [PMID: 34209418 PMCID: PMC8301356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) heads the list of legal blindness among the elderly population in developed countries. Due to the complex nature of the retina and the variety of risk factors and mechanisms involved, the molecular pathways underlying AMD are not yet fully defined. Persistent low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress eventually lead to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) breakdown. The identification of AMD susceptibility genes encoding complement factors, and the presence of inflammatory mediators in drusen, the hallmark deposits of AMD, supports the notion that immune-mediated processes are major drivers of AMD pathobiology. Complement factor H (FH), the main regulator of the alternative pathway of the complement system, may have a key contribution in the pathogenesis of AMD as it is able to regulate both inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the oBRB. Indeed, genetic variants in the CFH gene account for the strongest genetic risk factors for AMD. In this review, we focus on the roles of inflammation and oxidative stress and their connection with FH and related proteins as regulators of both phenomena in the context of AMD.
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Scholl HPN, Boyer D, Giani A, Chong V. The use of neuroprotective agents in treating geographic atrophy. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:888-902. [PMID: 34153966 DOI: 10.1159/000517794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea Giani
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Victor Chong
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Ngoi NY, Liew AQ, Chong SJF, Davids MS, Clement MV, Pervaiz S. The redox-senescence axis and its therapeutic targeting. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102032. [PMID: 34147844 PMCID: PMC8220395 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance Cellular growth arrest, associated with ‘senescence’, helps to safeguard against the accumulation of DNA damage which is often recognized as the underlying mechanism of a wide variety of age-related pathologies including cancer. Cellular senescence has also been described as a ‘double-edged sword’. In cancer, for example, the creation of an immune-suppressive milieu by senescent tumor cells through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype contributes toward carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Recent advances The potential for cellular senescence to confer multi-faceted effects on tissue fate has led to a rejuvenated interest in its landscape and targeting. Interestingly, redox pathways have been described as both triggers and propagators of cellular senescence, leading to intricate cross-links between both pathways. Critical issues In this review, we describe the mechanisms driving cellular senescence, the interface with cellular redox metabolism as well as the role that chemotherapy-induced senescence plays in secondary carcinogenesis. Notably, the role that anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family play in inducing drug resistance via mechanisms that involve senescence induction. Future directions Though the therapeutic targeting of senescent cells as cancer therapy remains in its infancy, we summarize the current development of senotherapeutics, including recognized senotherapies, as well as the repurposing of drugs as senomorphic/senolytic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Yl Ngoi
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline Qx Liew
- Integrative Science and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen J F Chong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Veronique Clement
- Integrative Science and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Medicine Healthy Longevity Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Integrative Science and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Medicine Healthy Longevity Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Faculté de Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France.
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66
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Zhang Y, Lv Z, Liu Y, Cao H, Yang J, Wang B. PIN1 Protects Hair Cells and Auditory HEI-OC1 Cells against Senescence by Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9980444. [PMID: 34285767 PMCID: PMC8273041 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence has confirmed the crucial role of the prolyl isomerase PIN1 in aging and age-related diseases. However, the mechanism of PIN1 in age-related hearing loss (ARHL) remains unclear. Pathologically, ARHL is primarily due to the loss and dysfunction of hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) in the cochlea. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PIN1 in protecting hair cells and auditory HEI-OC1 cells from senescence. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the PIN1 protein level in the serum of ARHL patients and C57BL/6 mice in different groups, and in the SGCs and HCs of young and aged C57BL/6 mice. In addition, a model of HEI-OC1 cell senescence induced by H2O2 was used. Adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with juglone, or juglone and NAC, for 4 weeks. Interestingly, we found that the PIN1 protein expression decreased in the serum of patients with ARHL, in senescent HEI-OC1 cells, and in the cochlea of aged mice. Moreover, under H2O2 and juglone treatment, a large amount of ROS was produced, and phosphorylation of p53 was induced. Importantly, PIN1 expression was significantly increased by treatment with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. Overexpression of PIN1 reversed the increased level of p-p53 and rescued HEI-OC1 cells from senescence. Furthermore, PIN1 mediated cellular senescence by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo data from C57BL/6 mice showed that treatment with juglone led to hearing loss. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that PIN1 may act as a vital modulator in hair cell and HEI-OC1 cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jianwang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Armento A, Ueffing M, Clark SJ. The complement system in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4487-4505. [PMID: 33751148 PMCID: PMC8195907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive degenerative disease of the retina, which culminates in blindness and affects mainly the elderly population. AMD pathogenesis and pathophysiology are incredibly complex due to the structural and cellular complexity of the retina, and the variety of risk factors and molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease onset and progression. AMD is driven by a combination of genetic predisposition, natural ageing changes and lifestyle factors, such as smoking or nutritional intake. The mechanism by which these risk factors interact and converge towards AMD are not fully understood and therefore drug discovery is challenging, where no therapeutic attempt has been fully effective thus far. Genetic and molecular studies have identified the complement system as an important player in AMD. Indeed, many of the genetic risk variants cluster in genes of the alternative pathway of the complement system and complement activation products are elevated in AMD patients. Nevertheless, attempts in treating AMD via complement regulators have not yet been successful, suggesting a level of complexity that could not be predicted only from a genetic point of view. In this review, we will explore the role of complement system in AMD development and in the main molecular and cellular features of AMD, including complement activation itself, inflammation, ECM stability, energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Armento
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Simon J Clark
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Liu B, Wang W, Shah A, Yu M, Liu Y, He L, Dang J, Yang L, Yan M, Ying Y, Tang Z, Liu K. Sodium iodate induces ferroptosis in human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:230. [PMID: 33658488 PMCID: PMC7930128 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium iodate (SI) is a widely used oxidant for generating retinal degeneration models by inducing the death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. However, the mechanism of RPE cell death induced by SI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the necrotic features of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells treated with SI and found that apoptosis or necroptosis was not the major death pathway. Instead, the death process was accompanied by significant elevation of intracellular labile iron level, ROS, and lipid peroxides which recapitulated the key features of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis inhibitors deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) and ferrostatin-1(Fer-1) partially prevented SI-induced cell death. Further studies revealed that SI treatment did not alter GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) expression, but led to the depletion of reduced thiol groups, mainly intracellular GSH (reduced glutathione) and cysteine. The study on iron trafficking demonstrated that iron influx was not altered by SI treatment but iron efflux increased, indicating that the increase in labile iron was likely due to the release of sequestered iron. This hypothesis was verified by showing that SI directly promoted the release of labile iron from a cell-free lysate. We propose that SI depletes GSH, increases ROS, releases labile iron, and boosts lipid damage, which in turn results in ferroptosis in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Arman Shah
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jinye Dang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuling Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zihuai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Potilinski MC, Tate PS, Lorenc VE, Gallo JE. New insights into oxidative stress and immune mechanisms involved in age-related macular degeneration tackled by novel therapies. Neuropharmacology 2021; 188:108513. [PMID: 33662390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has increased in the last years. Although anti-VEGF agents have improved the prognosis of exudative AMD, dry AMD has still devastating effects on elderly people vision. Oxidative stress and inflammation are mechanisms involved in AMD pathogenesis and its progression. Molecular pathways involving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4) and the nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) are behind oxidative stress in AMD due to their participation in antioxidant cellular pathways. As a consequence of the disbalance produced in the antioxidant mechanisms, there is an activation of innate and adaptative immune response with cell recruitment, changes in complement factors expression, and modification of cellular milieu. Different therapies are being studied to treat dry AMD based on the possible effects on antioxidant molecular pathways or their action on the immune response. There is a wide range of treatments presented in this review, from natural antioxidant compounds to cell and gene therapy, based on their mechanisms. Finally, we hypothesize that alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecule that can also modulate antioxidant cellular defenses, could be a good candidate for testing in AMD. This article is part of the special ssue on 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Constanza Potilinski
- Nanomedicine & Vision Lab, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Translacional, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo S Tate
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Translacional, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria E Lorenc
- Nanomedicine & Vision Lab, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Translacional, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Gallo
- Nanomedicine & Vision Lab, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Translacional, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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FK866 Protects Human Dental Pulp Cells against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020271. [PMID: 33578781 PMCID: PMC7916510 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
FK866 possesses various functional properties, such as anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. We previously demonstrated that premature senescence of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The present study aimed to investigate whether H2O2-induced premature senescence of hDPCs is affected by treatment with FK866. We found that FK866 markedly inhibited the senescent characteristics of hDPCs after exposure to H2O2, as revealed by an increase in the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive hDPCs and the upregulation of the p21 and p53 proteins, which acts as molecular indicators of cellular senescence. Moreover, the stimulatory effects of H2O2 on cellular senescence are associated with oxidative stress induction, such as excessive ROS production and NADPH consumption, telomere DNA damage induction, and upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and TNF-α) as well as NF-κB activation, which were all blocked by FK866. Thus, FK866 might antagonize H2O2-induced premature senescence of hDPCs, acting as a potential therapeutic antioxidant by attenuating oxidative stress-induced pathologies in dental pulp, including inflammation and cellular senescence.
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71
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Özkaya D, Nazıroğlu M. Bevacizumab induces oxidative cytotoxicity and apoptosis via TRPM2 channel activation in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Protective role of glutathione. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:1539-1554. [PMID: 33544179 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bevacizumab (BEV) is a blocker of circulating VEGF A generation. However, BEV has adverse apoptotic and cytotoxic effects via upregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TRPM2 activation, and downregulation of cytosolic glutathione (GSH) in neuronal cells. We investigated the possible protective effects of GSH treatment on BEV-induced oxidant and apoptotic adverse actions in the TRPM2 expressing adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ARPE-19 and SH-SY5Y cells were divided into five main groups: Control, GSH (10 mM for 2 h), BEV (0.25 mg/ml for 24 h), BEV+GSH, and BEV+TRPM2 channel blockers (ACA or 2-APB). In the SH-SY5Y cells, the Ca2+ analyses (Fluo-3) were performed only, although Fluo-3 and the remaining analyses were performed in the ARPE-19 cells. RESULTS The levels of apoptosis, cell death, mitochondrial ROS, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3, caspase-9, ADP-ribose-induced TRPM2 current density, cytosolic-free Zn2+, and Ca2+ were increased by BEV, although their levels were diminished by the treatments of GSH and TRPM2 blockers. The BEV-induced decreases of cell viability, GSH levels, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased by the treatment of GSH. BEV-induced increase of TRPM2 expression was decreased by the treatment of GSH, although BEV-induced decrease of VEGF A expression was further decreased by the treatment of GSH. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that BEV-induced mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis in the human retinal epithelial cells were modulated by GSH and TRPM2 inhibition. The treatment of GSH may be considered as a therapeutic approach to BEV-induced ARPE-19 cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Özkaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analyses, Innovation, Consultancy, Organization, Agriculture, Industry and Trade Limited Company, Göller Bölgesi Teknokenti, Isparta, Turkey. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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72
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Zhao M, Liu S, Wang C, Wang Y, Wan M, Liu F, Gong M, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y, Liu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Mitochondrial Damage and Inflammation by Stabilizing Mitochondrial DNA. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1519-1538. [PMID: 33369392 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of injury to numerous tissues and stem cell aging. Although the tissue regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) is well known, their specific role in regulating mitochondrial function in target cells remains elusive. Here, we report that MSC-EVs attenuated mtDNA damage and inflammation after acute kidney injury (AKI) and that this effect was at least partially dependent on the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) pathway. In detail, TFAM and mtDNA were depleted by oxidative stress in MSCs from aged or diabetic donors. Higher levels of TFAM mRNA and mtDNA were detected in normal control (NC) MSC-EVs than in TFAM-knockdown (TFAM-KD) and aged EVs. EV-mediated TFAM mRNA transfer in recipient cells was unaffected by transcriptional inhibition. Accordingly, the application of MSC-EVs restored TFAM protein and TFAM-mtDNA complex (nucleoid) stability, thereby reversing mtDNA deletion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects in injured renal tubular cells. Loss of TFAM also led to downregulation of multiple anti-inflammatory miRNAs and proteins in MSC-EVs. In vivo, intravenously injected EVs primarily accumulated in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. MSC-EVs attenuated renal lesion formation, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation in mice with AKI, whereas EVs from TFAM-KD or aged MSCs resulted in poor therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, TFAM overexpression (TFAM-OE) improved the rescue effect of MSC-EVs on mitochondrial damage and inflammation to some extent. This study suggests that MSC-EVs are promising nanotherapeutics for diseases characterized by mitochondrial damage, and TFAM signaling is essential for maintaining their regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Gong
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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73
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Lee KS, Lin S, Copland DA, Dick AD, Liu J. Cellular senescence in the aging retina and developments of senotherapies for age-related macular degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:32. [PMID: 33482879 PMCID: PMC7821689 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative disease in the central macula area of the neuroretina and the supporting retinal pigment epithelium, is the most common cause of vision loss in the elderly. Although advances have been made, treatment to prevent the progressive degeneration is lacking. Besides the association of innate immune pathway genes with AMD susceptibility, environmental stress- and cellular senescence-induced alterations in pathways such as metabolic functions and inflammatory responses are also implicated in the pathophysiology of AMD. Cellular senescence is an adaptive cell process in response to noxious stimuli in both mitotic and postmitotic cells, activated by tumor suppressor proteins and prosecuted via an inflammatory secretome. In addition to physiological roles in embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, cellular senescence is augmented with age and contributes to a variety of age-related chronic conditions. Accumulation of senescent cells accompanied by an impairment in the immune-mediated elimination mechanisms results in increased frequency of senescent cells, termed “chronic” senescence. Age-associated senescent cells exhibit abnormal metabolism, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, and a heightened senescence-associated secretory phenotype that nurture a proinflammatory milieu detrimental to neighboring cells. Senescent changes in various retinal and choroidal tissue cells including the retinal pigment epithelium, microglia, neurons, and endothelial cells, contemporaneous with systemic immune aging in both innate and adaptive cells, have emerged as important contributors to the onset and development of AMD. The repertoire of senotherapeutic strategies such as senolytics, senomorphics, cell cycle regulation, and restoring cell homeostasis targeted both at tissue and systemic levels is expanding with the potential to treat a spectrum of age-related diseases, including AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Shuxiao Lin
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David A Copland
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2QH, UK.
| | - Jian Liu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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74
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Kakaraparthi A, Godwin Potnuri A, Allakonda L. Beta 1 adrenoceptor blockade promotes angiogenesis in hypertrophied myocardium of transverse aortic constricted mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:121-128. [PMID: 32750731 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive structural remodelling consequent to uncontrolled blood pressure. Impaired angiogenesis plays a vital role in transiting LVH into cardiac failure. Catecholamines modulate myocardial function through beta adrenoceptors, and their blockers (β-AR) reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by decelerating the LVH progression. Nonetheless, the effect of β-AR blockers on myocardial vascular bed remains largely obscure. Hence, this study is focussed on analysing the possible outcomes of β-AR blockers on myocardial vascular remodelling using a surgically induced LVH mice model. Transverse aortic constricted mice and sham-operated mice were administered with metoprolol at a dose of 30 mg/kg/d for 60 days and myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alpha levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, myocardial protein carbonyl content, hypertrophy index and global myocardial function, trans-aortic fluid dynamics and expression pattern of angiopoietin-1 and VEGF alpha were assessed. These findings were further confirmed by histochemical analysis for myocardial capillary density, perivascular fibrosis ratio and intimal thickening. Sub- chronic β-AR blockade reduced the oxidative stress, hypertrophic index, intimal thickening and perivascular fibrosis ratio. A marked increase in myocardial VEGF, angiopoietin 1, global myocardial function and myocardial capillary density was also observed. There was a reduction in the LVH and upregulation of myocardial angiogenesis concluding that β-AR blockers prevent adverse vascular remodelling which might underlie its concealed mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Kakaraparthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhoolapally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ajay Godwin Potnuri
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lingesh Allakonda
- Department of Pharmacology, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehadipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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75
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Książek K. Where does cellular senescence belong in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer? Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 81:14-23. [PMID: 33290845 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies, there are still some issues that hamper accurate interpretation of the complexity of cellular and molecular events underlying the pathophysiology of this disease. One of these is cellular senescence, which is the process whereby cells irreversibly lose their ability to divide and develop a phenotype that fuels a variety of age-related diseases, including cancer. In this review, various aspects of cellular senescence associated with intraperitoneal ovarian cancer metastasis are presented and discussed, including mechanisms of senescence in normal peritoneal mesothelial cells; the role of senescent mesothelium in ovarian cancer progression; the effect of drugs commonly used as first-line therapy in ovarian cancer patients on senescence of normal cells; mechanisms of spontaneous senescence in ovarian cancer cells; and, last but not least, other pharmacologic strategies to induce senescence in ovarian malignancies. Collectively, this study shows that cellular senescence is involved in several aspects of ovarian cancer pathobiology. Proper understanding of this phenomenon, particularly its clinical relevance, seems to be critical for oncology patients from both therapeutic and prognostic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848, Poznań, Poland.
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76
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Wang S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li C, Wan Q, Yang L, Su Y, Cheng Y, Liu C, Wang X, Wang Z. Reversed Senescence of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell by Coculture With Embryonic Stem Cell via the TGFβ and PI3K Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588050. [PMID: 33324644 PMCID: PMC7726211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cellular senescence is an important etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aging interventions based on the application of stem cells to delay cellular senescence have shown good prospects in the treatment of age-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to reverse the senescence of RPE cells and to elucidate its regulatory mechanism. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated premature and natural passage-mediated replicative senescent RPE cells were directly cocultured with ESCs. The results showed that the proliferative capacity of premature and replicative senescent RPE cells was increased, while the positive rate of senescence-associated galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) staining and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were decreased. The positive regulatory factors of cellular senescence (p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, p16INK4a) were downregulated, while the negative regulatory factors of cellular senescence (Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1) were upregulated. Furthermore, replicative senescent RPE cells entered the S and G2/M phases from the G0/G1 phase. TGFβ (TGFB1, SMAD3, ID1, ID3) and PI3K (PIK3CG, PDK1, PLK1) pathway-related genes were upregulated in premature and replicative senescent RPE cells after ESCs application, respectively. We further treated ESCs-cocultured premature and replicative senescent RPE cells with SB531542 and LY294002 to inhibit the TGFβ and PI3K pathways, respectively, and found that p53, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16INK4a were upregulated, while Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, TGFβ, and PI3K pathway-related genes were downregulated, accompanied by decreased proliferation and cell cycle transition and increased positive rates of SA-β-GAL staining and levels of ROS and MMP. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ESCs can effectively reverse the senescence of premature and replicative senescent RPE cells by a direct coculture way, which may be achieved by upregulating the TGFβ and PI3K pathways, respectively, providing a basis for establishing a new therapeutic option for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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77
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Tong Y, Wang S. Not All Stressors Are Equal: Mechanism of Stressors on RPE Cell Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591067. [PMID: 33330470 PMCID: PMC7710875 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population. Dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer in the retina underscore the pathogenesis of both dry and wet AMD. Advanced age, cigarette smoke and genetic factors have been found to be the prominent risk factors for AMD, which point to an important role for oxidative stress and aging in AMD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms whereby oxidative stress and aging lead to RPE cell degeneration are still unclear. As cell senescence and cell death are the major outcomes from oxidative stress and aging, here we review the mechanisms of RPE cell senescence and different kinds of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, with an aim to clarify how RPE cell degeneration could occur in response to AMD-related stresses, including H2O2, 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), N-retinylidene-N-retinyl-ethanolamine (A2E), Alu RNA and amyloid β (Aβ). Besides those, sodium iodate (NaIO3) induced RPE cell degeneration is also discussed in this review. Although NaIO3 itself is not related to AMD, this line of study would help understand the mechanism of RPE degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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78
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TGF-β1 signaling protects retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress via modulation of the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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79
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Nita M, Grzybowski A. Interplay between reactive oxygen species and autophagy in the course of age-related macular degeneration. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1353-1371. [PMID: 33192217 PMCID: PMC7658465 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological biomolecules such as lipofuscin, methylglyoxal-modified proteins (the major precursors of advanced glycationend products), misfolding protein deposits and dysfunctional mitochondria are source of oxidative stress and act as strong autophagic stimulators in age-related macular degeneration. Disturbed autophagy accelerates progression of the disease, since it leads to retinal cells' death and activates inflammation by the interplay with the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Vascular dysfunction and hypoxia, as well as circulating autoantibodies against autophagy regulators (anti-S100A9, anti-ANXA5, and anti-HSPA8, A9 and B4) compromise an autophagy-mediated mechanism as well. Metformin, the autophagic stimulator, may act as a senostatic drug to inhibit the senescent phenotype in the age-related macular degeneration. PGC-1α , Sirt1 and AMPK represent new therapeutic targets for interventions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed" Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmolgy, Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Poznań, Poland
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80
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Shimoni C, Goldstein M, Ribarski-Chorev I, Schauten I, Nir D, Strauss C, Schlesinger S. Heat Shock Alters Mesenchymal Stem Cell Identity and Induces Premature Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:565970. [PMID: 33072750 PMCID: PMC7537765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.565970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can have a serious impact on the health of both humans and animals. A major question is how heat stress affects normal development and differentiation at both the cellular and the organism levels. Here we use an in vitro experimental system to address how heat shock treatment influences the properties of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)—multipotent progenitor cells—which are found in most tissues. Because cattle are sensitive to harsh external temperatures, studying the effects of heat shock on MSCs provides a unique platform to address cellular stress in a physiologically relevant model organism. Following isolation and characterization of MSCs from the cow’s umbilical cord, heat shock was induced either as a pulse (1 h) or continuously (3 days), and consequent effects on MSCs were characterized. Heat shock induced extensive phenotypic changes in MSCs and dramatically curtailed their capacity to proliferate and differentiate. These changes were associated with a partial arrest in the G1/S or G2/M checkpoints. Furthermore, MSCs lost their ability to resolve the inflammatory response of RAW macrophages in coculture. A possible explanation for this loss of function is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of the mitochondria in the treated cells. Heat shock treatments resulted in stress-induced premature senescence, affecting the MSCs’ ability to proliferate properly for many cell passages to follow. Exposure to elevated external temperatures leads to mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which in turn conveys critical changes in the proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory phenotype of heat-stressed MSCs. A better understanding of the effect of heat shock on humans and animals may result in important health and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shimoni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Myah Goldstein
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ivana Ribarski-Chorev
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iftach Schauten
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Nir
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carmit Strauss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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81
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Jabbehdari S, Handa JT. Oxidative stress as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of early age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:423-440. [PMID: 32961209 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among older adults in developed countries, is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease with the development of painless, central vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction is a core change in age-related macular degeneration that results from aging and the accumulated effects of genetic and environmental factors that, in part, is both caused by and leads to oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of oxidative stress, the cytoprotective oxidative stress pathways, and the impact of oxidative stress on critical cellular processes involved in age-related macular degeneration pathobiology. We also offer targeted therapy that may define how antioxidant therapy can either prevent or improve specific stages of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayena Jabbehdari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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82
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Lin M, Xu J, Liu Z, Qin L, Wang X, Pu X. Complement Factor H Displays Opposite Expression Patterns Under Two Situations of Methamphetamine Administration: Acute Exposure and Chronic Dependence. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1558-1562. [PMID: 32894502 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lin
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Qin
- Centre for Imaging and Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Centre for Imaging and Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoping Pu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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83
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Cell Senescence: A Nonnegligible Cell State under Survival Stress in Pathology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9503562. [PMID: 32934764 PMCID: PMC7479476 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9503562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) with increasing aging mainly manifests as low back pain (LBP) accompanied with a loss of physical ability. These pathological processes can be preliminarily interpreted as a series of changes at cellular level. In addition to cell death, disc cells enter into the stagnation with dysfunction and deteriorate tissue microenvironment in degenerative discs, which is recognized as cell senescence. During aging, many intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been proved to have strong connections with these cellular senescence phenomena. Growing evidences of these connections require us to gather up critical cues from potential risk factors to pathogenesis and relative interventions for retarding cell senescence and attenuating degenerative changes. In this paper, we try to clarify another important cell state apart from cell death in IDD and discuss senescence-associated changes in cells and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we emphasize the role of oxidative stress and epigenomic perturbations in linking risk factors to cell senescence in the onset of IDD. Further, we summarize the current interventions targeting senescent cells that may exert the benefits of antidegeneration in IDD.
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84
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Somasundaran S, Constable IJ, Mellough CB, Carvalho LS. Retinal pigment epithelium and age-related macular degeneration: A review of major disease mechanisms. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:1043-1056. [PMID: 32710488 PMCID: PMC7754492 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease that is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Degeneration/dysregulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a supportive monolayer of cells underlying the photoreceptors, is commonly seen in patients with AMD. While treatment exists for the neovascular/wet form of AMD, there is currently no cure for the non‐exudative/dry form of AMD, making it imperative to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Although our understanding of the aetiology of AMD has increased over the years, the underlying disease mechanism has not yet been identified, mainly due to the multifactorial nature of this disease. Herein, we review some of the commonly proposed degeneration pathways of RPE cells and their role in the pathogenesis of AMD; including activation of the complement cascade, oxidative stress‐induced cell death mechanisms, dysfunctional mitochondria and the role of crystallins in AMD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Somasundaran
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian J Constable
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carla B Mellough
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Livia S Carvalho
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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85
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Yamamoto-Rodríguez L, Zarbin MA, Casaroli-Marano RP. New frontiers and clinical implications in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:496-504. [PMID: 32197861 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves progressive degeneration of the central retina, termed the macula, which provides high-acuity vision needed to recognize faces, drive, etc. AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the aging population. A plethora of paradigm-shifting perspectives regarding AMD's multifaceted pathophysiology is emerging. This review will endeavor to gather novel insights and attempts to identify translational implications and new areas of research. The concept of aberrant inflammation being at the center of age-related diseases, particularly AMD, is being received with increasing credence. Retinal angiogenesis, at the forefront of the neovascular complications of AMD (nAMD), is now being understood as an imbalance between trophic factors released by retinal cells secretome. Additionally, mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammatory complement pathways have also been identified, along with genetic and other risk factors that play a key role in AMD's onset and progression. Associations have been drawn with AMD and other degenerative deposit diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and glomerulonephritis, which are providing further insight into this maculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liria Yamamoto-Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (FMCS) & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco A Zarbin
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (FMCS) & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research - IIB-Sant Pau (SGR1113) &Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.
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86
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Loss of Complement Factor H impairs antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism of human RPE cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10320. [PMID: 32587311 PMCID: PMC7316856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the Complement Factor H (CFH) gene, coding for the Factor H protein (FH), can increase the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD-associated CFH risk variants, Y402H in particular, impair FH function leading to complement overactivation. Whether this alone suffices to trigger AMD pathogenesis remains unclear. In AMD, retinal homeostasis is compromised due to the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. To investigate the impact of endogenous FH loss on RPE cell balance, we silenced CFH in human hTERT-RPE1 cells. FH reduction led to accumulation of C3, at both RNA and protein level and increased RPE vulnerability toward oxidative stress. Mild hydrogen-peroxide exposure in combination with CFH knock-down led to a reduction of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, paralleled by an increase in lipid peroxidation, which is a key aspect of AMD pathogenesis. In parallel, cell viability was decreased. The perturbations of energy metabolism were accompanied by transcriptional deregulation of several glucose metabolism genes as well as genes modulating mitochondrial stability. Our data suggest that endogenously produced FH contributes to transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis and protects RPE cells from oxidative stress, highlighting a novel role of FH in AMD pathogenesis.
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87
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Linetsky M, Guo J, Udeigwe E, Ma D, Chamberlain AS, Yu AO, Solovyova K, Edgar E, Salomon RG. 4-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic acid (HOHA) lactone induces apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:280-294. [PMID: 32222470 PMCID: PMC7276294 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell dysfunction and death play vital roles in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. Previously we showed that oxidative cleavage of docosahexenoate (DHA) phospholipids generates an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, 4-hydroxy-7-oxohept-4-enoic acid (HOHA) lactone, that forms ω-carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) derivatives through adduction to proteins and ethanolamine phospholipids. CEP derivatives and autoantibodies accumulate in the retinas and blood plasma of individuals with AMD and are a biomarker of AMD. They promote the choroidal neovascularization of "wet AMD". Immunization of mice with CEP-modified mouse serum albumin induces "dry AMD"-like lesions in their retinas as well as interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 production by CEP-specific T cells that promote inflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages. The present study confirms that oxidative stress or inflammatory stimulus produces CEP in both the primary human ARPE-19 cell line and hRPE cells. Exposure of these cells to HOHA lactone fosters production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, HOHA lactone participates in a vicious cycle, promoting intracellular oxidative stress leading to oxidative cleavage of DHA to produce more HOHA lactone. We now show that HOHA lactone is cytotoxic, inducing apoptotic cell death through activation of the intrinsic pathway. This suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting HOHA lactone-induced apoptosis may prevent the loss of RPE cells during the early phase of AMD. We also discovered that ARPE-19 cells are more susceptible than hRPE cells to HOHA lactone cytotoxicity. This is consistent with the view that, compared to normal RPE cells, ARPE-19 cells exhibit a diseased RPE phenotype that also includes elevated expression of the mesenchymal indicator vimentin, elevated integrin a5 promotor strength and deficient secretion of the anti-VEGF molecule pigment-epithelium-derived factor fostering weaker tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Linetsky
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Emeka Udeigwe
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Duoming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Amanda S Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Annabelle O Yu
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kseniya Solovyova
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Elise Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Robert G Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
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88
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Ilex paraguariensis extracts and its polyphenols prevent oxidative damage and senescence of human retinal pigment epithelium cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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89
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Clement M, Luo L. Organismal Aging and Oxidants beyond Macromolecules Damage. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800400. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Veronique Clement
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 117596 Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Le Luo
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 117596 Singapore
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90
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Blasiak J. Senescence in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:789-805. [PMID: 31897543 PMCID: PMC11105088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease underlined by the death of photoreceptors and degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris (CC). The mechanism(s) responsible for massive and progressive retinal degeneration is not completely known. Senescence, a state of permanent inhibition of cell growth, may be induced by many factors important for AMD pathogenesis and results in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that releases growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, proteases and other molecules inducing inflammation and other AMD-related effects. These effects can be induced in the affected cell and neighboring cells, leading to progression of AMD phenotype. Senescent cells also release reactive oxygen species that increase SASP propagation. Many other pathways of senescence-related AMD pathogenesis, including autophagy, the cGAS-STING signaling, degeneration of CC by membrane attack complex, can be considered. A2E, a fluorophore present in lipofuscin, amyloid-beta peptide and humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, may link AMD with senescence. Further studies on senescence in AMD pathogenesis to check the possibility of opening a perspective of the use of drugs killing senescent cells (senolytics) and terminating SASP bystander effects (senostatics) might be beneficial for AMD that at present is an incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz, Poland.
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91
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Matsuura T, Kaneko H, Takayama K, Shibata R, Kataoka K, Ito S, Tsunekawa T, Shimizu H, Suzumura A, Namba R, Ito Y, Murohara T, Terasaki H. Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential tests for patients with age-related macular degeneration. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:56. [PMID: 32070305 PMCID: PMC7027115 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) than in those without AMD. The Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests are known markers of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to use d-ROMs and BAP tests to evaluate changes in systemic oxidative stress in patients with nAMD. METHODS Blood serum samples were collected from 34 patients with nAMD (mean age: 76.5 ± 7.7 years; 22 men) and 20 control subjects (mean age: 62.9 ± 14.0 years; 10 men), and d-ROMs and BAP tests were examined. RESULTS In men, the mean level of d-ROMs for the nAMD patients was significantly higher than that for the controls (312.0 ± 52.4 vs. 275.1 ± 45.5 U.CARR, respectively; P < .05). There was a significant correlation between d-ROM level and CNV lesion area in the male nAMD group (r = .42, P = .05). There were no significant differences in mean BAP test results between the nAMD patients and controls for either sex (men: 2241 ± 549 vs. 2136 ± 246 μmol/L; women: 2263 ± 292 vs. 2335 ± 161 μmol/L). CONCLUSION The d-ROMs test may provide a useful indicator of nAMD in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsuura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kei Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kataoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Seina Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taichi Tsunekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rina Namba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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92
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Chen L, Ma B, Liu X, Hao Y, Yang X, Liu M. H 2 O 2 induces oxidative stress damage through the BMP-6/SMAD/hepcidin axis. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:139-146. [PMID: 32012242 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in elderly individuals worldwide. Oxidative stress injury to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AMD. The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation between Hepcidin and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and to further observe whether oxidative stress can inhibit Hepcidin expression through relevant signaling pathways to produce oxidative damage. We compared the concentrations of Hepcidin in the aqueous humor of nAMD patients and a control group and found that the concentration of Hepcidin was lower in nAMD patients. Through PCR and western blotting, we observed that H2 O2 can significantly inhibit the expression of Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and Hepcidin and increase the intracellular iron concentration in RPE cells, while BMP-6 can reverse the inhibition of Hepcidin and the increase in iron concentration caused by H2 O2 . In addition, alterations in smad1 and smad5 expression were examined, and pretreatment with BMP-6 was demonstrated to reduce H2 O2 -induced activation of smad1 and smad5. The effects of BMP-6 were attenuated by smad1 and smad5 siRNA, further verifying that oxidative stress inhibits the expression of Hepcidin by inhibiting activation of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway. To some extent, this study verified that oxidative stress injury plays a role in nAMD by affecting the level of hepcidin, which lays a foundation for exploring new methods to treat nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, China
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93
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Ok CY, Park S, Jang HO, Takata T, Bae MK, Kim YD, Ryu MH, Bae SK. Visfatin Induces Senescence of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010193. [PMID: 31940881 PMCID: PMC7017355 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp plays an important role in the health of teeth. The aging of teeth is strongly related to the senescence of dental pulp cells. A novel adipokine, visfatin, is closely associated with cellular senescence. However, little is known about the effect of visfatin on the senescence of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Here, it was found that in vivo visfatin levels in human dental pulp tissues increase with age and are upregulated in vitro in hDPCs during premature senescence activated by H2O2, suggesting a correlation between visfatin and senescence. In addition, visfatin knockdown by small interfering RNA led to the reduction in hDPC senescence; however, treatment with exogenous visfatin protein induced the senescence of hDPCs along with increased NADPH consumption, which was reversed by FK866, a chemical inhibitor of visfatin. Furthermore, visfatin-induced senescence was associated with both the induction of telomere damage and the upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors as well as NF-κB activation, which were all inhibited by FK866. Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that visfatin plays a pivotal role in hDPC senescence in association with telomere dysfunction and the induction of SASP factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Youp Ok
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (C.Y.O.); (S.P.); (H.-O.J.)
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (M.-K.B.); (Y.-D.K.)
| | - Sera Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (C.Y.O.); (S.P.); (H.-O.J.)
| | - Hye-Ock Jang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (C.Y.O.); (S.P.); (H.-O.J.)
| | | | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (M.-K.B.); (Y.-D.K.)
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Kim
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (M.-K.B.); (Y.-D.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (C.Y.O.); (S.P.); (H.-O.J.)
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (M.-K.B.); (Y.-D.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8253
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94
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Oltra M, Vidal-Gil L, Maisto R, Sancho-Pelluz J, Barcia JM. Oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis is mediated by miR-205-5p. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1428-1436. [PMID: 31863632 PMCID: PMC6991635 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
miR‐205‐5p is known to be involved in VEGF‐related angiogenesis and seems to regulate associated cell signalling pathways, such as cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, several studies have focused on the potential role of miR‐205‐5p as an anti‐angiogenic factor. Vascular proliferation is observed in diabetic retinopathy and the ‘wet’ form of age‐related macular degeneration. Today, the most common treatments against these eye‐related diseases are anti‐VEGF therapies. In addition, both AMD and DR are typically associated with oxidative stress; hence, the use of antioxidant agents is accepted as a co‐adjuvant therapy for these patients. According to previous data, ARPE‐19 cells release pro‐angiogenic factors when exposed to oxidative insult, leading to angiogenesis. Matching these data, results reported here, indicate that miR‐205‐5p is modulated by oxidative stress and regulates VEGFA‐angiogenesis. Hence, miR‐205‐5p is proposed as a candidate against eye‐related proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oltra
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Neurobiología y Neurofisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Vidal-Gil
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Neurobiología y Neurofisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Neurobiología y Neurofisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge M Barcia
- Neurobiología y Neurofisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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95
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Predictive genetics for AMD: Hype and hopes for genetics-based strategies for treatment and prevention. Exp Eye Res 2019; 191:107894. [PMID: 31862397 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. In the age of molecular genetics, many investigators have established a link between genes and development or progression of the disease. This later evolved to determine whether phenotypic features of AMD have distinct genetic profiles. Molecular genetics have subsequently been introduced as factors in risk assessment models, increasing the predictive value of these tools. Models seek to predict either development or progression of disease, and different AMD-related genes aid our understanding of these respective features. Several investigators have attempted to link molecular genetics with treatment response, but results and their clinical significance vary. Ocular and systemic biomarkers may interact with established genes, promising future routes of ongoing clinical assessment. Our understanding of AMD molecular genetics is not yet sufficient to recommend routine testing, despite its utility in the research setting. Clinicians must be wary of misusing population-based risk models from genetic and biomarker associations, as they are not necessarily relevant for individual counseling. This review addresses the known uses of predictive genetics, and suggests future directions.
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Lipecz A, Miller L, Kovacs I, Czakó C, Csipo T, Baffi J, Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S. Microvascular contributions to age-related macular degeneration (AMD): from mechanisms of choriocapillaris aging to novel interventions. GeroScience 2019; 41:813-845. [PMID: 31797238 PMCID: PMC6925092 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the microcirculatory network plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of age-related diseases, from heart failure to Alzheimer's disease. In the eye, changes in the choroid and choroidal microcirculation (choriocapillaris) also occur with age, and these changes can play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In order to develop novel treatments for amelioration of choriocapillaris aging and prevention of AMD, it is essential to understand the cellular and functional changes that occur in the choroid and choriocapillaris during aging. In this review, recent advances in in vivo analysis of choroidal structure and function in AMD patients and patients at risk for AMD are discussed. The pathophysiological roles of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired resistance to molecular stressors in the choriocapillaris are also considered in terms of their contribution to the pathogenesis of AMD. The pathogenic roles of cardiovascular risk factors that exacerbate microvascular aging processes, such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity as they relate to AMD and choroid and choriocapillaris changes in patients with these cardiovascular risk factors, are also discussed. Finally, future directions and opportunities to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay AMD by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Lipecz
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lauren Miller
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cecília Czakó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Baffi
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shannon Conley
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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97
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Yeo NJY, Chan EJJ, Cheung C. Choroidal Neovascularization: Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1363. [PMID: 31849644 PMCID: PMC6895252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conditions affecting the heart, brain, and even the eyes have their origins in blood vessel pathology, underscoring the role of vascular regulation. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), there is excessive growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye (choroidal neovascularization), eventually leading to vision loss due to detachment of retinal pigmented epithelium. As the advanced stage of this disease involves loss of retinal pigmented epithelium, much less attention has been given to early vascular events such as endothelial dysfunction. Although current gold standard therapy using inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have achieved initial successes, some drawbacks include the lack of long-term restoration of visual acuity, as well as a subset of the patients being refractory to existing treatment, alluding us and others to hypothesize upon VEGF-independent mechanisms. Against this backdrop, we present here a nonexhaustive review on the vascular underpinnings of AMD, implications with genetic and systemic factors, experimental models for studying choroidal neovascularization, and interestingly, on both endothelial-centric pathways and noncell autonomous mechanisms. We hope to shed light on future research directions in improving vascular function in ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jia Ying Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ebenezer Jia Jun Chan
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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98
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Hyttinen JMT, Kannan R, Felszeghy S, Niittykoski M, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. The Regulation of NFE2L2 (NRF2) Signalling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225800. [PMID: 31752195 PMCID: PMC6888570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a mounting cause of loss of sight in the elderly in the developed countries, a trend enhanced by the continual ageing of the population. AMD is a multifactorial and only partly understood, malady. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most AMD patients. It is known that oxidative stress (OS) damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and contributes to the progression of AMD. We review here the potential importance of two OS-related cellular systems in relation to AMD. First, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2; NRF2)-mediated OS response signalling pathway is important in the prevention of oxidative damage and a failure of this system could be critical in the development of AMD. Second, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a change in the cellular phenotype, which ultimately leads to the fibrosis encountered in RPE, a characteristic of AMD. Many of the pathways triggering EMT are promoted by OS. The possible interconnections between these two signalling routes are discussed here. From a broader perspective, the control of NFE2L2 and EMT as ways of preventing OS-derived cellular damage could be potentially valuable in the therapy of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M. T. Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, DVRC 203, 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Niittykoski
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland
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99
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Trakkides TO, Schäfer N, Reichenthaler M, Kühn K, Brandwijk RJMGE, Toonen EJM, Urban F, Wegener J, Enzmann V, Pauly D. Oxidative Stress Increases Endogenous Complement-Dependent Inflammatory and Angiogenic Responses in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Independently of Exogenous Complement Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110548. [PMID: 31766295 PMCID: PMC6928869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chronic inflammation have been suggested as major contributors to a range of retinal diseases. Here, we examined the effects of oxidative stress on endogenous complement components and proinflammatory and angiogenic responses in RPE cells. ARPE-19 cells exposed for 1–48 h to H2O2 had reduced cell–cell contact and increased markers for epithelial–mesenchymal transition but showed insignificant cell death. Stressed ARPE-19 cells increased the expression of complement receptors CR3 (subunit CD11b) and C5aR1. CD11b was colocalized with cell-derived complement protein C3, which was present in its activated form in ARPE-19 cells. C3, as well as its regulators complement factor H (CFH) and properdin, accumulated in the ARPE-19 cells after oxidative stress independently of external complement sources. This cell-associated complement accumulation was accompanied by increased nlrp3 and foxp3 expression and the subsequently enhanced secretion of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors. The complement-associated ARPE-19 reaction to oxidative stress, which was independent of exogenous complement sources, was further augmented by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. Our results indicate that ARPE-19 cell-derived complement proteins and receptors are involved in ARPE-19 cell homeostasis following oxidative stress and should be considered as targets for treatment development for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon-Orest Trakkides
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Reichenthaler
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstanze Kühn
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Erik J. M. Toonen
- R&D Department, Hycult Biotech, 5405 PD Uden, The Netherlands; (R.J.M.G.E.B.); (E.J.M.T.)
| | - Florian Urban
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.U.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.U.); (J.W.)
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Diana Pauly
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-9228
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100
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Oltulu F, Buhur A, Gürel Ç, Kuşçu GC, Dağdeviren M, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ, Köse T, Yavaşoğlu A. Mid-dose losartan mitigates diabetes-induced hepatic damage by regulating iNOS, eNOS, VEGF, and NF-κB expressions. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1582-1589. [PMID: 31652041 PMCID: PMC7018237 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1901-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Losartan, an antihypertensive drug, is highly preferred in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension because of its retarding effect on diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of different doses of losartan on hepatic damage in a streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg)-induced DM model in rats. Materials and methods In this study, five different groups were formed: control, DM, low-dose losartan (5 mg/kg), mid-dose losartan (20 mg/kg), and high-dose losartan (80 mg/kg). Liver tissues of experimental groups were evaluated immunohistochemically for TUNEL, iNOS, eNOS, VEGF, and NF-κB pathways. In addition to immunohistochemical analysis, analyses of SOD and MDA, which are oxidative stress markers, were also performed and the results were evaluated together. Results When biochemical and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated together, it was found that the results obtained from the mid-dose losartan group were closer to those of the control than the other groups. Conclusion This study indicated that mid-dose losartan administration may have a therapeutic effect by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating iNOS, eNOS, VEGF, and NF-κB protein expressions in DM-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Oltulu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Buhur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çevik Gürel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Cerren Kuşçu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Melih Dağdeviren
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Altuğ Yavaşoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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