51
|
Gould PW, Zemel BS, Taratuta EG, Baker JF. Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations With Disease Characteristics, Body Composition, and Physical Functioning. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:504-512. [PMID: 33132219 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated associations between fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, an adipokine associated with metabolic stress, and adverse longitudinal changes in body composition and physical functioning in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS At baseline and follow-up, patients with RA aged 18-70 years completed whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography to quantify lean mass, fat mass, and muscle density. Dynamometry assessed muscle strength at the hand and knee, and physical functioning was measured with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). FGF-21 and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline. Linear and logistic regression analyses assessed associations between FGF-21 levels and both body composition and physical functioning over time. RESULTS There were 113 patients with RA enrolled, and 84 (74%) returned for follow-up at a median of 2.68 years. At baseline, FGF-21 was associated with age, smoking, methotrexate use, adiposity, and inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor receptor type I, YKL-40, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and resistin. The highest FGF-21 quartile was associated with worse SPPB and HAQ. Higher baseline FGF-21 levels (per 1 SD) were associated with worsening in muscle density and area Z-scores (β -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.008, P = 0.08; and β -0.05, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.006, P = 0.08, respectively) and a greater probability of a clinically meaningful worsening of HAQ (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.21-4.64, P = 0.01). The fourth FGF-21 quartile was associated with worsening of SPPB (β -0.57, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.09, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION FGF-21 levels are associated with obesity and inflammatory cytokines, and with worsening in physical functioning in RA. These data support the hypothesis that FGF-21 can identify patients at risk of functional decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Gould
- P.W. Gould, BA, E.G. Taratuta, MD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Babette S Zemel
- B.S. Zemel, PhD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Elena G Taratuta
- P.W. Gould, BA, E.G. Taratuta, MD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua F Baker
- J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang D, Liu F, Zhu L, Lin P, Han F, Wang X, Tan X, Lin L, Xiong Y. FGF21 alleviates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke by modulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia/macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:257. [PMID: 32867781 PMCID: PMC7457364 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resident microglia and macrophages are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation and immune reactions, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Controlling inflammatory responses is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (rhFGF21) presents anti-inflammatory properties by modulating microglia and macrophages; however, our knowledge of the inflammatory modulation of rhFGF21 in focal cerebral ischemia is lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether rhFGF21 improves ischemic outcomes in experimental stroke by targeting microglia and macrophages. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomly divided into groups that received intraperitoneal rhFGF21 or vehicle daily starting at 6 h after reperfusion. Behavior assessments were monitored for 14 days after MCAO, and the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed via qRT-PCR. The phenotypic variation of microglia/macrophages and the presence of infiltrated immune cells were examined by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Additionally, magnetic cell sorting (MACS) in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to purify microglia and macrophages. Results rhFGF21 administration ameliorated neurological deficits in behavioral tests by regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. rhFGF21 also attenuated the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and the accumulation of peripheral immune cells after stroke, accompanied by a temporal evolution of the phenotype of microglia/macrophages and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Furthermore, rhFGF21 treatment inhibited M1 polarization of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through its actions on FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Conclusions rhFGF21 treatment promoted functional recovery in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation via the NF-κB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways, making it a potential anti-inflammatory agent for stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanyi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianxi Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Bin P, Zhu C, Liu S, Li Z, Ren W, Zhu G. Perspective: Methionine Restriction-Induced Longevity-A Possible Role for Inhibiting the Synthesis of Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecules. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:773-783. [PMID: 32221578 PMCID: PMC7360445 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespans in multiple species through mechanisms that include enhanced oxidative stress resistance and inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling. Methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) are the essential precursors of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecules, and therefore, MR might also affect bacterial communication to prevent enteric bacterial infection as well as chronic inflammation, which contributes to lifespan prolongation. Here, we discuss the influence of MR on oxidative stress resistance and inhibition of insulin/IGF-I cell signaling and further propose a potential mechanism involving bacterial QS inhibition for lifespan extension. Unraveling the connection between MR and inhibition of QS provides new strategies for combating infectious diseases, resulting in enriched understanding of MR-induced lifespan extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Larsen EL, Poulsen HE, Michaelsen C, Kjær LK, Lyngbæk M, Andersen ES, Petersen-Bønding C, Lemoine C, Gillum M, Jørgensen NR, Ploug T, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK, Karstoft K. Differential time responses in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers after a marathon: An observational study. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2080-2091. [PMID: 32530734 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1770918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute and adaptive changes in systemic markers of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications (i.e., 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo)) as well as inflammatory cytokines (i.e., C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha), a liver hormone (i.e., fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)), and bone metabolism markers (sclerostin, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen) were investigated following a marathon in 20 study participants. Immediate changes were observed in inflammatory cytokines, FGF21, and bone metabolism markers following the marathon. In contrast, no immediate changes in urinary excretion of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo were evident. Four days after the marathon, decreased urinary excretion of 8-oxodG (-2.9 (95% CI -4.8;-1.1) nmol/24 h, P < 0.01) and 8-oxoGuo (-5.8 (95% CI -10.3;-1.3) nmol/24 h, P = 0.02) was observed. The excretion rate of 8-oxodG remained decreased 7 days after the marathon compared to baseline (-2.3 (95%CI -4.3;-0.4) nmol/24 h, P = 0.02), whereas the excretion rate of 8-oxoGuo was normalized. In conclusion marathon participation immediately induced a considerable inflammatory response, but did not increase excretion rates of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications. In fact, a delayed decrease in oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications was observed suggesting adaptive antioxidative effects following exercise. ABBREVIATIONS 8-oxodG: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine; 8-oxoGuo: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine; CI: confidence interval; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21; h: hour; hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL: interleukin; IQR: interquartile range; MS: mass spectrometry: P1NP: N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen; TNFα: tumour necrosis factor alpha; UPLC: ultra-performance liquid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil List Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Michaelsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Kofoed Kjær
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Lyngbæk
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Skytte Andersen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hellerup, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Christina Petersen-Bønding
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Lemoine
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thorkil Ploug
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hellerup, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hellerup, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , Gentofte, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Timper K, Del Río-Martín A, Cremer AL, Bremser S, Alber J, Giavalisco P, Varela L, Heilinger C, Nolte H, Trifunovic A, Horvath TL, Kloppenburg P, Backes H, Brüning JC. GLP-1 Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Function. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1189-1205.e13. [PMID: 32433922 PMCID: PMC7272126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes represent central regulators of brain glucose metabolism and neuronal function. They have recently been shown to adapt their function in response to alterations in nutritional state through responding to the energy state-sensing hormones leptin and insulin. Here, we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 inhibits glucose uptake and promotes β-oxidation in cultured astrocytes. Conversely, postnatal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) deletion in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes impairs astrocyte mitochondrial integrity and activates an integrated stress response with enhanced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 production and increased brain glucose uptake. Accordingly, central neutralization of FGF21 or astrocyte-specific FGF21 inactivation abrogates the improvements in glucose tolerance and learning in mice lacking GLP-1R expression in astrocytes. Collectively, these experiments reveal a role for astrocyte GLP-1R signaling in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, and lack of GLP-1R signaling mounts an adaptive stress response resulting in an improvement of systemic glucose homeostasis and memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Timper
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bremser
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Alber
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christian Heilinger
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Abstract
FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) is a regulator of metabolism and performs an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and the maintenance of energy balance. FGF21 is principally expressed in the liver, but it can also be found in the pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It is known that levels of serum FGF21 are significantly elevated in obese, insulin-resistant patients, and those with metabolic syndrome. Elevated levels of FGF21 in serum during the early stages of various metabolic diseases are considered a compensatory response by the organism. Therefore, FGF21 is considered a hormone in response to stress and an early diagnostic marker of disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a special type of cardiac complication, characterized as a chronic myocardial disorder caused by diabetes. The pathological process includes increased oxidative stress, energy metabolism in myocardial cells, an inflammatory response, and myocardial cell apoptosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FGF21 has the potential to be an effective drug for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we review recent progress on the characteristics of FGF21 in its protective role, especially in pathological processes such as suppressing apoptosis in the myocardium, reducing inflammation in cardiomyocytes, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting fatty acid oxidation. In addition, we explore the possibility that diabetic cardiomyopathy can be delayed through the application of FGF21, providing possible therapeutic targets of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Metabolic Syndrome, Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Relationship of HIV Status and Fatigue, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Myokines, and Physical Activity. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 30:392-404. [PMID: 31241504 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience high rates of fatigue, which can be improved with physical activity. We examined relationships between HIV infection, fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and myokines. Twenty PLWH and 20 HIV-uninfected adults completed a fatigue assessment, a maximal cardiometabolic exercise test, serum measures of myokines, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Measures were completed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. At baseline, PLWH had more fatigue (4.7 ± 2.6 vs. 2.8 ± 2.5, p = .01) and higher peak ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2; 33 ± 5.5 vs. 30.2 ± 2.5; p = .06). Half of PLWH engaged in at least one 10-minute bout of physical activity in the previous week, compared with control subjects (65%). Over time, HIV infection and fibroblast growth factor 21 were associated with fatigue (p < .05). People living with HIV have more fatigue and a higher ventilatory efficiency; expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 may underpin this relationship.
Collapse
|
58
|
Lu S, Liu G, Chen T, Wang W, Hu J, Tang D, Peng X. Lentivirus-Mediated hFGF21 Stable Expression in Liver of Diabetic Rats Model and Its Antidiabetic Effect Observation. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:472-484. [PMID: 32027183 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing annually, which is a serious threat to human health. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is one of the most popular targets for the treatment of diabetes because it effectively improves glycolipid metabolism. In our experiment, human FGF21 (hFGF21) was injected and stably expressed in the liver tissues of a rat T2DM model with lentivirus system. Based on clinical and histopathological examinations, islet cells were protected and liver tissue lesions were repaired for >4 months. Glucose metabolism and histopathology were controlled perfectly when hFGF21 was stably expressed in partial liver of T2DM rats. The results showed that the liver tissue cell apoptosis was reduced, the lipid droplet content was decreased, the oxidative stress indexes were improved, the glycogen content was increased, and the islet cells were increased too. Besides, insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthesis-related genes expression were increased, but cell apoptosis-related genes caspase3 and NFκB expression were decreased. The effectiveness of results suggested that injecting hFGF21 to rats liver could effectively treat T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyao Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Guanglong Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tianxing Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wanpu Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Donghong Tang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Chen Q, Ma J, Yang X, Li Q, Lin Z, Gong F. SIRT1 Mediates Effects of FGF21 to Ameliorate Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:241. [PMID: 32210821 PMCID: PMC7076185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in cancer patients. Kidney function is closely related to patients’ quality of life and tumor prognosis. Cisplatin is a highly effective anti-tumor drug. However, the use of cisplatin is limited by its nephrotoxicity. It has been reported that FGF21 has a renal-protective function, but the mechanisms by which it does so remain unclear. In this study, we show that the expression of FGF21 is significantly upregulated in both in vitro and in vivo cisplatin-induced AKI models. Administration of recombinant FGF21 to cisplatin-induced AKI mice resulted in significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, as well as significantly reduced protein levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (TIM-1), C-caspase 3, and Bax. H&E-stained kidney sections from cisplatin-induced AKI mice treated with recombinant FGF21 showed a relatively normal renal tissue structure, a reduced number of necrotic sites and vacuolar changes, and decreased casts, suggesting alleviated renal tubular injury. Experiments with an AKI cell model (cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells) yielded similar results as the mouse model; recombinant FGF21 significantly downregulated protein expression levels of TIM-1, C-caspase 3, and Bax. Furthermore, administration of recombinant FGF21 to cisplatin-treated AKI models significantly increased SIRT1 expression, and the beneficial effects of FGF21 on kidney injury were reversed by SIRT1 knockdown. Collectively, our results suggest that SIRT1 mediates the protective effect of FGF21 on cisplatin-induced kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzhen Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuofeng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuofeng Lin,
| | - Fanghua Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
- Fanghua Gong,
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kusminski CM, Ghaben AL, Morley TS, Samms RJ, Adams AC, An Y, Johnson JA, Joffin N, Onodera T, Crewe C, Holland WL, Gordillo R, Scherer PE. A Novel Model of Diabetic Complications: Adipocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction Triggers Massive β-Cell Hyperplasia. Diabetes 2020; 69:313-330. [PMID: 31882562 PMCID: PMC7034182 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) entails insulin resistance and loss of β-cell mass. Adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as a key component in the etiology of T2DM. Identifying approaches to preserve mitochondrial function, adipose tissue integrity, and β-cell mass during obesity is a major challenge. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMT) is a mitochondrial matrix protein that chelates iron. We sought to determine whether perturbation of adipocyte mitochondria influences energy metabolism during obesity. We used an adipocyte-specific doxycycline-inducible mouse model of FtMT overexpression (FtMT-Adip mice). During a dietary challenge, FtMT-Adip mice are leaner but exhibit glucose intolerance, low adiponectin levels, increased reactive oxygen species damage, and elevated GDF15 and FGF21 levels, indicating metabolically dysfunctional fat. Paradoxically, despite harboring highly dysfunctional fat, transgenic mice display massive β-cell hyperplasia, reflecting a beneficial mitochondria-induced fat-to-pancreas interorgan signaling axis. This identifies the unique and critical impact that adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction has on increasing β-cell mass during obesity-related insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ricardo J Samms
- Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew C Adams
- Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yu An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nolwenn Joffin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32158768 PMCID: PMC7052117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Alizadeh-Fanalou S, Babaei M, Hosseini A, Azadi N, Nazarizadeh A, Shojaii A, Borji M, Malekinejad H, Bahreini E. Effects of Securigera Securidaca seed extract in combination with glibenclamide on antioxidant capacity, fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance in hyperglycemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112331. [PMID: 31655149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Undesired effects of synthetic antidiabetic agents have made researchers to seek for safer and healthier resources. With this aspect, herbal materials have attracted substantial research interest and are being extensively investigated. Considering that herb-drug interactions can be a double-edged sword presenting both risks and benefits, investigation of such interactions is greatly in demand. AIM OF THE STUDY to investigate possible beneficial effects of hydroalcoholic extract of SecurigeraSecuridaca seed (HESS) on antioxidant capacity, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and insulin resistance in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, alone and in combination with glibenclamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to eight equal groups including healthy and diabetic controls and six treated groups with a various doses of HESS alone and in combination with glibenclamide, for 35 consecutive days. Serum samples were taken and analyzed for biochemical profile, HOMA indexes, FGF21, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory biomarkers as compared with the controls. Moreover, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of herbal extract were assessed. RESULTS The herbal extract was found to be rich in flavonoid and phenolic components. Both of glibenclamide and the HESS decreased glucose and insulin resistance, as well as increased body weight and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the extract could mitigate oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation dose-dependently, however, the standard drug was less effective than HESS. Induction of diabetes increased FGF21 levels and both of the treatments could reduce its contents, however, glibenclamide was more effective than HESS. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly show that there is no contradiction between HESS and glibenclamide. Moreover, the herbal extract could augment antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the standard drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Babaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Namamali Azadi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Nazarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asie Shojaii
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Islamic & Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Borji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Fauste E, Rodrigo S, Rodríguez L, Donis C, García A, Barbas C, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Panadero MI, Otero P, Bocos C. FGF21-protection against fructose-induced lipid accretion and oxidative stress is influenced by maternal nutrition in male progeny. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
64
|
Reduced Oxidative Stress and Enhanced FGF21 Formation in Livers of Endurance-Exercised Rats with Diet-Induced NASH. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112709. [PMID: 31717358 PMCID: PMC6893460 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) including the severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH) are highly prevalent ailments to which no approved pharmacological treatment exists. Dietary intervention aiming at 10% weight reduction is efficient but fails due to low compliance. Increase in physical activity is an alternative that improved NAFLD even in the absence of weight reduction. The underlying mechanisms are unclear and cannot be studied in humans. Here, a rat NAFLD model was developed that reproduces many facets of the diet-induced NAFLD in humans. The impact of endurance exercise was studied in this model. Male Wistar rats received control chow or a NASH-inducing diet rich in fat, cholesterol, and fructose. Both diet groups were subdivided into a sedentary and an endurance exercise group. Animals receiving the NASH-inducing diet gained more body weight, got glucose intolerant and developed a liver pathology with steatosis, hepatocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis typical of NAFLD or NASH. Contrary to expectations, endurance exercise did not improve the NASH activity score and even enhanced hepatic inflammation. However, endurance exercise attenuated the hepatic cholesterol overload and the ensuing severe oxidative stress. In addition, exercise improved glucose tolerance possibly in part by induction of hepatic FGF21 production.
Collapse
|
65
|
Chandler RJ, Venditti CP. Gene Therapy for Methylmalonic Acidemia: Past, Present, and Future. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1236-1244. [PMID: 31303064 PMCID: PMC6763959 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a severe, and sometimes lethal, monogenic metabolic disorder in need of improved treatments. A number of new genomic therapies, which include canonical adeno-associated virus gene addition, genome editing, and systemic mRNA therapy, have shown great promise in murine models of MMA. Each approach has unique advantages and disadvantages for treating genetic disorders like MMA. This article reviews traditional viral gene therapy experiments that have provided enabling proof of concept studies in animal models, and newer approaches that may emerge as effective treatments for MMA and related disorders of organic acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy J. Chandler
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles P. Venditti
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Lang AL, Krueger AM, Schnegelberger RD, Kaelin BR, Rakutt MJ, Chen L, Arteel GE, Beier JI. Rapamycin attenuates liver injury caused by vinyl chloride metabolite chloroethanol and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114745. [PMID: 31499194 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl chloride (VC) is a prevalent environmental toxicant that is rapidly metabolized within the liver. Its metabolites have been shown to directly cause hepatic injury at high exposure levels. We have previously reported that VC metabolite, chloroethanol (CE), potentiates liver injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Importantly, that study showed that CE alone, while not causing damage per se, was sufficient to alter hepatic metabolism and increase mTOR phosphorylation in mice, suggesting a possible role for the mTOR pathway. Here, we explored the effect of an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, in this model. C57BL/6 J mice were administered CE, followed by rapamycin 1 h and LPS 24 h later. As observed previously, the combination of CE and LPS significantly enhanced liver injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. Rapamycin attenuated not only inflammation, but also restored the metabolic phenotype and protected against CE + LPS-induced oxidative stress. Importantly, rapamycin protected against mitochondrial damage and subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The protective effect on mitochondrial function by rapamycin was mediated, by restoring the integrity of the electron transport chain at least in part, by blunting the deactivation of mitochondrial c-src, which is involved mitochondrial ROS production by electron transport chain leakage. Taken together, these results further demonstrate a significant role of mTOR-mediated pathways in VC-metabolite induced liver injury and provide further insight into VC-associated hepatic damage. As mTOR mediated pathways are very complex and rapamycin is a more global inhibitor, more specific mTOR (i.e. mTORC1) inhibitors should be considered in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Lang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Austin M Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Regina D Schnegelberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Brenna R Kaelin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Maxwell J Rakutt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Liya Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Anderson CM, Macleod KF. Autophagy and cancer cell metabolism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 347:145-190. [PMID: 31451213 PMCID: PMC8211395 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an ancient catabolic process used by cells to clear excess or dysfunctional organelles and large subcellular structures and thus performs an important housekeeping role for the cell. Autophagy is acutely sensitive to nutrient availability and is upregulated at a transcriptional and posttranslational level in response to nutrient deprivation. This serves to promote turnover of cellular content and recycling of nutrients for continued growth and survival. While important for most normal tissues, tumor cells appear to be particularly dependent on autophagy for survival under ischemic or therapeutic stress, and in response to loss of matrix attachment; autophagy is upregulated markedly in cancers as they progress to malignancy. Ras-driven tumors appear to be particularly dependent on autophagy and thus inhibition of autophagy is being pursued as a productive clinical approach for such cancers. However, this enthusiasm needs to be offset against possible negative effects of autophagy inhibition on normal tissue function and on limiting antitumor immune responses. In addressing all of these topics, we focus in on understanding how autophagy is induced by nutrient stress, its role in recycling metabolites for growing tumors, how selective forms of autophagy, such as mitophagy and ribophagy contribute specifically to tumorigenesis, how autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and throughout the animal affects access of the tumor to nutrients, and finally how different oncogenic pathways may determine which tumors respond to autophagy inhibition and which ones will not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara M Anderson
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Committee on Molecular Metabolism & Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Committee on Molecular Metabolism & Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Keuper M, Häring HU, Staiger H. Circulating FGF21 Levels in Human Health and Metabolic Disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 128:752-770. [PMID: 31108554 DOI: 10.1055/a-0879-2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is primarily produced and secreted by the liver as a hepatokine. This hormone circulates to its target tissues (e. g., brain, adipose tissue), which requires two components, one of the preferred FGF receptor isoforms (FGFR1c and FGFR3c) and the co-factor beta-Klotho (KLB) to trigger downstream signaling pathways. Although targeting FGF21 signaling in humans by analogues and receptor agonists results in beneficial effects, e. g., improvements in plasma lipids and decreased body weight, it failed to recapitulate the improvements in glucose handling shown for many mouse models. FGF21's role and metabolic effects in mice and its therapeutic potential have extensively been reviewed elsewhere. In this review we focus on circulating FGF21 levels in humans and their associations with disease and clinical parameters, focusing primarily on obesity and obesity-associated diseases such as type-2 diabetes. We provide a comprehensive overview on human circulating FGF21 levels under normal physiology and metabolic disease. We discuss the emerging field of inactivating FGF21 in human blood by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and its potential clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Occlusal interference induces oxidative stress and increases the expression of UCP3 in the masseter muscle: A rat model. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:249-255. [PMID: 31096116 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether occlusal alteration contributes to masticatory muscle damage by inducing oxidative stress. DESIGN Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, including occlusal interference groups (3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and removal for 3 days) and a sham group. A rat experimental model of occlusal interference was generated by a 0.6-mm unilateral bite-raise. The rats were euthanised for evaluation of histologic changes in the masseter muscles using haematoxylin-eosin staining. To further investigate the role of oxidative stress and uncoupling protein (UCP3) in the development of occlusal dysfunction-induced masseter damage, levels of UCP3 protein were measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the connective tissue of the masseter muscle was extended partially and inflammatory cells appeared following the induction of malocclusion. With respect to the oxidative stress markers, there were increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content but decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities; furthermore, the expression of UCP3 was upregulated. After eliminating the occlusal interference for 3 days, the degree of inflammation was substantially alleviated, the MDA content decreased, and SOD and GPX activities increased. The expression of UCP3 decreased. CONCLUSIONS Occlusal interference induces oxidative stress in the masseter muscle, regulated by UCP3. Overall, these findings have significant implications for the understanding of how occlusal dysfunction causes muscle fatigue and pain.
Collapse
|
70
|
Dolegowska K, Marchelek-Mysliwiec M, Nowosiad-Magda M, Slawinski M, Dolegowska B. FGF19 subfamily members: FGF19 and FGF21. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:229-240. [PMID: 30927227 PMCID: PMC6611749 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) constitute a large family of proteins with pleiotropic effects on development, organogenesis, and metabolism. The FGF19 subclass includes growth factors circulating with the blood referred to as endocrine FGF. Representatives of the FGF19 subclass, including FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, act via FGFR receptors. The proteins of FGF19 subfamily influence the enterohepatic circulation of bile, participate in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation, and maintenance of phosphorus and vitamin D3 homeostasis. FGF19 and FGF21 are activated under different physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dolegowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Marchelek-Mysliwiec
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Nowosiad-Magda
- Department of Immunology Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michal Slawinski
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolegowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Li X, Zhu Z, Zhou T, Cao X, Lu T, He J, Liang Y, Liu C, Dou Z, Shen B. Predictive value of combined serum FGF21 and free T3 for survival in septic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:31-37. [PMID: 30853459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the correlation between thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations and the serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentration in septic patients and to assess the collaborative value of these factors in predicting 28-day mortality in septic patients. METHODS A total of 120 consecutive patients with sepsis were divided into two groups according to their survival or death within 28 days after initial diagnosis of sepsis. RESULTS Patients in the non-survivor group had significantly higher serum FGF21 concentrations but lower total and free triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations than those in the survivor group. Thyroid hormone concentrations, including T3, free T3, T4 and free T4, were significantly negatively correlated with the ∆SOFA and APACHE II scores as well as the serum FGF21, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein concentrations. Logistic regression analysis showed that the ∆SOFA score, serum FGF21 concentration, and free T3 concentration were significant predictors of 28-day mortality. The model with variables of ∆SOFA score and serum FGF21 and free T3 concentrations had the greatest area under the curve of 0.969. CONCLUSION The addition of free T3 and serum FGF21 to ∆SOFA score provided a significantly improved ability to predict 28-day mortality in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Zexiang Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China.
| | - Tinghong Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Jiafen He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Chuankai Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Zhoulin Dou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Tabari FS, Karimian A, Parsian H, Rameshknia V, Mahmoodpour A, Majidinia M, Maniati M, Yousefi B. The roles of FGF21 in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:103-114. [PMID: 30879171 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FGF21 is a peptide hormone that regulates homeostasis of lipid and glucose as well as energy metabolism. It is mainly expressed and secreted in liver and adipose tissues, and it is expressed in lower amounts in the aorta. Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate increased serum FGF21 levels in atherosclerosis patients. Also, FGF21 therapy has been reported to reduce the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models and in vitro studies. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that administration of exogenous FGF21 induces anti-atherosclerotic effects, because of its ability to reduce lipid profile, alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, FGF21 can not only be considered as a biomarker for predicting atherosclerosis, but also induce protective effects against atherosclerosis. Besides, serum levels of FGF21 increase in various diseases including in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, which may be related to initiating and exacerbating atherosclerosis. On the other hand, FGF21 therapy significantly improves lipid profiles, and reduces vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis related diseases. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed to clarify whether FGF21 can be used as a prognostic biomarker to identify individuals at future risk of atherosclerosis in these atherosclerosis-associated diseases. In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanism by which FGF21 protects against atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahid Rameshknia
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ata Mahmoodpour
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Cuevas-Ramos D, Mehta R, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Browning of White Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 10:37. [PMID: 30804796 PMCID: PMC6370737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest has been focused on differentiating anatomical, molecular, and physiological characteristics of the types of mammalian adipose tissues. White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are the two main forms of adipose tissue in humans. WAT functions as an endocrine organ and serves as a reservoir of energy in the form of triglycerides. The hormones released by WAT are called adipokines. BAT consists of a group of specialized cells with abundant uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane and also fulfills endocrine functions. Following the identification of functional (BAT) in human adults, there has been a great deal of interest in finding out how it is induced, its localization, and the mechanisms by which it regulates thermogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of the differentiation to brown adipocytes. The main mechanisms occur through enhancing UCP1 expression. In addition, following exposure to cold or exercise, FGF21 induces upregulation of local peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC)-1-alfa and thus promotes thermogenesis in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. FGF21 integrates several pathways allowing the regulation of human energy balance, glucose levels, and lipid metabolism. Such mechanisms and their clinical relevance are summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Mehta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Tec Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Amos D, Cook C, Santanam N. Omega 3 rich diet modulates energy metabolism via GPR120-Nrf2 crosstalk in a novel antioxidant mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:466-488. [PMID: 30658097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With obesity rates reaching epidemic proportions, more studies concentrated on reducing the risk and treating this epidemic are vital. Redox stress is an important metabolic regulator involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Oxygen and nitrogen-derived free radicals alter glucose and lipid homeostasis in key metabolic tissues, leading to increases in risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Oxidants derived from dietary fat differ in their metabolic regulation, with numerous studies showing benefits from a high omega 3 rich diet compared to the frequently consumed "western diet" rich in saturated fat. Omega 3 (OM3) fatty acids improve lipid profile, lower inflammation, and ameliorate insulin resistance, possibly through maintaining redox homeostasis. This study is based on the hypothesis that altering endogenous antioxidant production and/or increasing OM3 rich diet consumption will improve energy metabolism and maintain insulin sensitivity. We tested the comparative metabolic effects of a diet rich in saturated fat (HFD) and an omega 3-enriched diet (OM3) in the newly developed 'stress-less' mice model that overexpresses the endogenous antioxidant catalase. Eight weeks of dietary intervention showed that mice overexpressing endogenous catalase compared to their wild-type controls when fed an OM3 enriched diet, in contrast to HFD, activated GPR120-Nrf2 cross-talk to maintain balanced energy metabolism, normal circadian rhythm, and insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that redox regulation of GPR120/FFAR4 might be an important target in reducing risk of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Amos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave, Huntington, WV 25755-0001, United States
| | - Carla Cook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave, Huntington, WV 25755-0001, United States
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave, Huntington, WV 25755-0001, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Fujii N, Uta S, Kobayashi M, Sato T, Okita N, Higami Y. Impact of aging and caloric restriction on fibroblast growth factor 21 signaling in rat white adipose tissue. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:55-64. [PMID: 30620889 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) suppresses age-related pathophysiology and extends lifespan. We recently reported that metabolic remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT) plays an important role in the beneficial actions of CR; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms of this remodeling remain to be established. In the present study, we aimed to identify CR-induced alterations in the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism, and of its downstream signaling mediators in liver and WAT, across the lifespan of rats. We evaluated groups of rats that had been either fed ad libitum or calorie restricted from 3 months of age and were euthanized at 3.5, 9, or 24 months of age, under fed and fasted conditions. The expression of FGF21 mRNA and/or protein increased with age in liver and WAT. Interestingly, in the WAT of 9-month-old fed rats, CR further upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated the aging-associated reductions in the expression of FGFR1 and beta-klotho (KLB; FGF21 receptor complex). It also enhanced the expression of FGF21 targets, including glucose transporter 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ coactivator-1α. The analysis of transcriptional regulators of Fgf21 suggested that aging and CR might upregulate Fgf21 expression via different mechanisms. In adipocytes in vitro, constitutive FGF21 overexpression upregulated the FGF21 receptor complex and FGF21 targets at the mRNA or protein level. Thus, both aging and CR induced FGF21 expression in rat WAT; however, only CR activated FGF21 signaling. Our results suggest that FGF21 signaling contributes to the CR-induced metabolic remodeling of WAT, likely activating glucose uptake and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namiki Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Seira Uta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Tsugumichi Sato
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigakudori, Sanyo-onoda, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Lu Y, Li R, Zhu J, Wu Y, Li D, Dong L, Li Y, Wen X, Yu F, Zhang H, Ni X, Du S, Li X, Xiao J, Wang J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration through suppressing oxidative damage and autophagic cell death. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:497-511. [PMID: 30450828 PMCID: PMC6307793 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeking for effective drugs which are beneficial to facilitating axonal regrowth and elongation after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has gained extensive attention. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic factor that regulates blood glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, there is little concern for the potential protective effect of FGF21 on nerve regeneration after PNI and revealing related molecular mechanisms. Here, we firstly found that exogenous FGF21 administration remarkably promoted functional and morphologic recovery in a rat model of sciatic crush injury, manifesting as persistently improved motor and sensory function, enhanced axonal remyelination and regrowth and accelerated Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation. Furthermore, local FGF21 application attenuated the excessive activation of oxidative stress, which was accompanied with the activation of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) transcription and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. We detected FGF21 also suppressed autophagic cell death in SCs. Additionally, treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 or autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA partially abolishes anti‐oxidant effect and reduces SCs death. Taken together, these results indicated that the role of FGF21 in remyelination and nerve regeneration after PNI was probably related to inhibit the excessive activation of ERK/Nrf‐2 signalling‐regulated oxidative stress and autophagy‐induced cell death. Overall, our work suggests that FGF21 administration may provide a new therapy for PNI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duohui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lupeng Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzheng Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghu Du
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Vázquez P, Hernández-Sánchez C, Escalona-Garrido C, Pereira L, Contreras C, López M, Balsinde J, de Pablo F, Valverde ÁM. Increased FGF21 in brown adipose tissue of tyrosine hydroxylase heterozygous mice: implications for cold adaptation. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2308-2320. [PMID: 30352954 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the first step in catecholamines synthesis. We studied the impact of reduced TH in brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. In adult heterozygous (Th+/- ) mice, dopamine and noradrenaline (NA) content in BAT decreased after cold exposure. This reduced catecholaminergic response did not impair cold adaptation, because these mice induced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and maintained BAT temperature to a similar extent than controls (Th+/+ ). Possible compensatory mechanisms implicated were studied. Prdm16 and Fgf21 expression, key genes in BAT activation, were elevated in Th+/- mice at thermoneutrality from day 18.5 of embryonic life. Likewise, plasma FGF21 and liver Fgf21 mRNA were increased. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process that triggers elevations in FGF21, showed higher phospho-IRE1, phospho-JNK, and CHOP in BAT of Th+/- mice at thermoneutrality. Also, increased lipolysis in BAT of cold-exposure Th+/- mice was demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), as well as diacylglycerol (DAG) and FFA content. Overall, these results indicate that the mild effects of Th haploinsufficiency on BAT function are likely due to compensatory mechanisms involving elevations in Fgf21 and Prdm16 and through adaptive changes in the lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vázquez
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain .,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Escalona-Garrido
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pereira
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Physiology Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicine Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Flora de Pablo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC) Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain .,Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Escoté X, Félix-Soriano E, Gayoso L, Huerta AE, Alvarado MA, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Effects of EPA and lipoic acid supplementation on circulating FGF21 and the fatty acid profile in overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet. Food Funct 2018; 9:3028-3036. [PMID: 29766165 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FGF21 has emerged as a key metabolism and energy homeostasis regulator. Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or α-lipoic acid (LIP) has shown beneficial effects on obesity. In this study, we evaluated EPA and/or LIP effects on plasma FGF21 and the fatty acid (FA) profile in overweight/obese women following hypocaloric diets. At the baseline, FGF21 levels were negatively related to the AST/ALT ratio and HMW adiponectin. The weight loss did not cause any significant changes in FGF21 levels, but after the intervention FGF21 increased in EPA-supplemented groups compared to non-EPA-supplemented groups. EPA supplementation decreased the plasma n-6-PUFA content and increased n-3-PUFAs, mainly EPA and DPA, but not DHA. In the LIP-alone supplemented group a decrease in the total SFA and n-6-PUFA content was observed after the supplementation. Furthermore, EPA affected the desaturase activity, lowering Δ4D and raising Δ5/6D. These effects were not observed in the LIP-supplemented groups. Besides, the changes in FGF21 levels were associated with the changes in EPA, n-3-PUFAs, Δ5/6D, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Altogether, our study suggests that n-3-PUFAs influence FGF21 levels in obesity, although the specific mechanisms implicated remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Escoté
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in mice: Role of CYP2A5. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 657:65-73. [PMID: 30222954 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol are often co-abused. Nicotine can enhance alcoholic fatty liver, and CYP2A6 (CYP2A5 in mice), a major metabolism enzyme for nicotine, can be induced by alcohol. CYP2A5 knockout (cyp2a5-/-) mice and their littermates (cyp2a5+/+) were used to test whether CYP2A5 has an effect on nicotine-enhanced alcoholic fatty liver. The results showed that alcoholic fatty liver was enhanced by nicotine in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice. Combination of ethanol and nicotine increased serum triglyceride in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice. Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, also enhanced alcoholic fatty liver, which was also observed in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice. Nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde (MDA), markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, were induced by alcohol and were further increased by nicotine and cotinine in cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in the cyp2a5-/- mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during microsomal metabolism of nicotine and cotinine was increased in microsomes from cyp2a5+/+ mice but not in microsomes from cyp2a5-/- mice. These results suggest that nicotine enhances alcoholic fatty liver in a CYP2A5-dependent manner, which is related to ROS produced during the process of CYP2A5-dependent nicotine metabolism.
Collapse
|
80
|
Wu CH, Chou RH, Kuo CS, Huang PH, Chang CC, Leu HB, Huang CC, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 is Associated with Subsequent Renal Injury Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12425. [PMID: 30127382 PMCID: PMC6102249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose homeostasis, and is suggested to have protective effect on diabetic nephropathy. Its impact on non-diabetic kidney disease is unclear. To investigate the impact of FGF21 on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), 531 subjects underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled. Baseline creatinine and FGF21 were obtained before CAG. Patients were grouped into tertiles according to their FGF21 concentration. Creatinine was obtained 48 hours after CAG, and every 6 months in the follow-up period. Renal function decline was defined as >30% reduction of eGFR from baseline. All subjects were followed up till December 2016, or till the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Patients with higher FGF21 concentration were older, had higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Thirty-four cases of CIN and 111 cases of renal function decline were identified during mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 1.3 years. Circulating FGF21 level was independently associated with CIN (aOR: 4.66, 95% CI: 1.29–16.86, p = 0.019) and renal function decline (aHR: 7.98, 95% CI: 4.07–15.66, p < 0.001) whether diabetes was present or not. In conclusion, circulating FGF21 level is independently associated with the incidence of CIN and subsequent kidney injury in patients undergoing CAG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsueh Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chin Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Wang C, Tan Z, Niu B, Tsang KY, Tai A, Chan WCW, Lo RLK, Leung KKH, Dung NWF, Itoh N, Zhang MQ, Chan D, Cheah KSE. Inhibiting the integrated stress response pathway prevents aberrant chondrocyte differentiation thereby alleviating chondrodysplasia. eLife 2018; 7:37673. [PMID: 30024379 PMCID: PMC6053305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated by diverse forms of cellular stress, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and is associated with diseases. However, the molecular mechanism(s) whereby the ISR impacts on differentiation is incompletely understood. Here, we exploited a mouse model of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS) to provide insight into the impact of the ISR on cell fate. We show the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway that mediates preferential synthesis of ATF4 and CHOP, dominates in causing dysplasia by reverting chondrocyte differentiation via ATF4-directed transactivation of Sox9. Chondrocyte survival is enabled, cell autonomously, by CHOP and dual CHOP-ATF4 transactivation of Fgf21. Treatment of mutant mice with a chemical inhibitor of PERK signaling prevents the differentiation defects and ameliorates chondrodysplasia. By preventing aberrant differentiation, titrated inhibition of the ISR emerges as a rationale therapeutic strategy for stress-induced skeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijia Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Yeung Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Tai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson C W Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rebecca L K Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith K H Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson W F Dung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Liu JJ, Liu S, Choo RWM, Wee SL, Xu A, Lim SC. Sex modulates the association of fibroblast growth factor 21 with end-stage renal disease in Asian people with Type 2 diabetes: a 6.3-year prospective cohort study. Diabet Med 2018; 35:880-886. [PMID: 29653030 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study whether plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 independently predicts the risk of end-stage renal disease in Asian people with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 1700 Asian people with Type 2 diabetes were followed for a mean of 6.3 years in a regional hospital in Singapore. Incident end-stage renal disease was identified by linkage with a national renal registry. The association of baseline fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with risk of progression to end-stage renal disease was studied using survival analyses. RESULTS Participants were aged 60 ± 10 years, with an average diabetes duration of 12 years. Their estimated GFR was 73 ± 28 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 62% had albuminuria at baseline. A total of 179 incident end-stage renal disease cases were identified. Plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 interacted with sex in its association with end-stage renal disease (Pinteraction = 0.003). A 1-sd increment in fibroblast growth factor 21 (natural log-transformed) was associated with a 1.32-fold (95% CI 1.05-1.66, P = 0.02) increased hazard for end-stage renal disease in women, after adjustment for traditional risk factors including estimated GFR and albuminuria. Taking death as a competing risk did not materially change the outcome [sub-distribution hazard ratio 1.35 (95% CI 1.11-1.66, P = 0.003)]. Fibroblast growth factor 21 did not predict end-stage renal disease risk in men after adjustment for baseline estimated GFR and albuminuria [hazard ratio 1.07 (95% CI 0.89-1.28, P = 0.49)]. CONCLUSIONS Plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 level independently predicted risk of progression to end-stage renal disease in women with Type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological relationships among FGF21, sex and renal progression warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-J Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - S Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - R W M Choo
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
| | - S L Wee
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
| | - A Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S C Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Amiri M, Braidy N, Aminzadeh M. Protective Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Against Amyloid-Beta 1-42-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:574-583. [PMID: 29869772 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of cholinergic neurons. Amyloid beta is a misfolded protein that represents one of the key pathological hallmarks of AD. Numerous studies have shown that Aβ1-42 induces oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, leading to cognitive decline in AD. Recently, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been suggested to be a potential regulator of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. FGF21 has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hyperglycemia, increase adipose tissue glucose uptake and lipolysis, and decrease body fat and weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure. In this study, we investigated the effect of FGF21 Aβ1-42 toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our data shows that FGF21 significantly decreased Aβ1-42-induced toxic effects and repressed oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells exposed to Aβ1-42 peptide. Our investigation also confirmed that FGF21 pretreatment favorably affects HSP90/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, FGF21 represents a viable therapeutic strategy to abrogate Aβ1-42-induced cellular inflammation and apoptotic death in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Malihe Aminzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a global health crisis with detrimental effects on all organ systems leading to worsening disease state and rising costs of care. Persons with obesity failing lifestyle therapies need to be escalated to appropriate pharmacological treatment modalities, medical devices, and/or bariatric surgery if criteria are met and more aggressive intervention is needed. The progression of severe obesity in the patient population coupled with related co-morbidities necessitates the development of novel therapies for the treatment of obesity. This development is preceded by increased understanding of the underpinnings of energy regulation and neurohormonal pathways involved in energy homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Though there are approved anti-obesity drugs available in the USA, newer drugs are now in the pipeline for development given the urgent need. This review focuses on anti-obesity drugs in the pipeline including centrally acting agents (setmelanotide, neuropeptide Y antagonist [velneperit], zonisamide-bupropion [Empatic], cannabinoid type-1 receptor blockers), gut hormones and incretin targets (new glucagon-like-peptide-1 [GLP-1] analogues [semaglutide and oral equivalents], amylin mimetics [davalintide, dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists], dual action GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists [oxyntomodulin], triple agonists [tri-agonist 1706], peptide YY, leptin analogues [combination pramlintide-metreleptin]), and other novel targets (methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor [beloranib], lipase inhibitor [cetilistat], triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor [tesofensine], fibroblast growth factor 21), including anti-obesity vaccines (ghrelin, somatostatin, adenovirus36). With these new drugs in development, anti-obesity therapeutics have potential to vastly expand allowing better treatment options and personalized approach to obesity care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, 8th Floor, Suite 801, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, 8th Floor, Suite 801, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Li X, Zhu Z, Zhou T, Cao X, Lu T, Liang Y, He J, Liu C, Dou Z, Shen B. Early increases in serum FGF21 levels predict mortality of septic patients. Cytokine 2018; 111:428-433. [PMID: 29861384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with sepsis have yet to be identified. The present study evaluated the prognostic value of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in patients with sepsis. METHODS A total of 120 consecutive Chinese patients with sepsis were prospectively included, and serum levels of FGF21 and biomarkers such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate (LAC) were measured within 24 h after intensive care unit admission. The demographic and clinical characteristics including underlying diseases, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (△SOFA), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores were recorded. Patients were categorized into survival and non-survival groups according to the 28-day mortality. Correlations between FGF21, serum indicators, severity score and 28-day mortality were analyzed, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off of FGF21 for survival prediction. RESULTS Non-survivors had significantly higher levels of FGF21, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, PCT, CRP, and LAC as well as higher SOFA and APACHE II scores compared with the survivors. FGF21 levels were positively correlated with age, waist circumference, levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α, PCT, CRP, and LAC, △SOFA and APACHE II scores. ROC curves showed that FGF21 had a high sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 89.8% for predicting 28-day mortality. Patients with a FGF21 levels <3200 pg/ml had a significantly better survival rate than those with levels >3200 pg/ml, and thus, FGF21 was an independent prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSION FGF21 could serve as a new prognostic biomarker for sepsis survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Zexiang Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China.
| | - Tinghong Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Jiafen He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Chuankai Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Zhoulin Dou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha 410010, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
B'chir W, Dufour CR, Ouellet C, Yan M, Tam IS, Andrzejewski S, Xia H, Nabata K, St-Pierre J, Giguère V. Divergent Role of Estrogen-Related Receptor α in Lipid- and Fasting-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2153-2164. [PMID: 29635284 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, identification of intrinsic molecular programs responsible for ensuring fuel homeostasis and preventing metabolic disease is needed. We investigated whether the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), a major regulator of energy metabolism, plays a role in lipid homeostasis and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in response to chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and long-term fasting. Systemic ablation of ERRα in mice demonstrated clear beneficial effects for loss of ERRα function in protection from HFD-provoked body weight gain manifested not only from a reduction in white adipose tissue stores but also from an impediment in intrahepatic lipid accumulation. The prevention of HFD-induced NAFLD in ERRα-null mice was underscored by transcriptional repression of de novo lipogenesis, which was upregulated in wild-type mice, a known contributing factor to lipid-stimulated hepatic steatosis. Surprisingly, given these findings, ERRα deficiency had no significant impact on the degree of fasting-induced NAFLD, involving the mobilization of adipocyte triglyceride (TG) stores into the liver. However, the presence of ERRα was essential for acute refeeding-mediated reversal of fasting-induced hepatic TG accretion, underpinned by impaired downregulation of adipose TG lipolysis and reduced hepatic mitochondrial oxidative activity. Taken together, the regulation of lipid handling by ERRα depended on the nutritional state, suggesting that negative modulation of ERRα activity could be envisaged to prevent lipid-induced NAFLD, whereas inducing its activity would be useful to treat and reverse the instilled disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa B'chir
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine R Dufour
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlo Ouellet
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ming Yan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ingrid S Tam
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Andrzejewski
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hui Xia
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kylie Nabata
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Li W, Ji M, Lin Y, Miao Y, Chen S, Li H. DEPP/DEPP1/C10ORF10 regulates hepatic glucose and fat metabolism partly via ROS-induced FGF21. FASEB J 2018; 32:5459-5469. [PMID: 29702025 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800357r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP/DEPP1/C10ORF10) is induced by denying access to food and reduced by refeeding in insulin-sensitive organs in vivo. The negative regulation of DEPP by insulin is also proven in several cell lines. However, the functions of DEPP in insulin-sensitive organs remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of DEPP on hepatic energy metabolism and addressed the underlying mechanisms. The metabolic effects of DEPP were investigated in mice with adenovirus-mediated hepatic overexpression. Liver triglyceride (TG), glycogen, and serum metabolites were detected by biochemical assays. Energy homeostasis was measured by indirect calorimetry. Quantitative PCR was used to examine expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. To evaluate the role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) mediating the metabolic effects of DEPP, FGF21 antibody was administrated intraperitoneally to mice at 24 h after the delivery of adenovirus, and the metabolic alterations were examined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by catalase activity assay, live cell fluorescence, or quantitative PCR. Effects of DEPP on the phenotype of db/db mice were also assessed. Acute hepatic overexpression of DEPP significantly reduced serum glucose and TG levels, dramatically elevated β-hydroxybutyrate levels, and improved glucose clearance. Compared with controls, DEPP overexpression reduced food intake, the energy expenditure rate, and the respiratory quotient. DEPP overexpression significantly increased fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis but suppressed lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that DEPP regulates energy metabolism by inducing oxidative stress. With the impairment of the ROS scavenging system and promotion of ROS formation, DEPP overexpression leads to ROS accumulation. FGF21 is upregulated in response to oxidative stress and mediates the effects of DEPP on fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and lipid synthesis but not gluconeogenesis, as evidenced by the fact that the FGF21 antibody dramatically suppressed a DEPP-induced increase of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, reversed the reduction of lipid synthesis, but did not change the suppression of gluconeogenesis. Moreover, overexpression of DEPP in db/ db mice led to a marked reduction in body weight and serum glucose levels and significantly improved insulin sensitivity. Hepatic overexpression of DEPP in mice promotes fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis and suppresses lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, which is partly mediated by FGF21 induced by elevated cellular ROS levels.-Li, W., Ji, M., Lin, Y., Miao, Y., Chen, S., Li, H. DEPP/DEPP1/C10ORF10 regulates hepatic glucose and fat metabolism partly via ROS-induced FGF21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yandie Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Jia H, Cheng J, Zhou Q, Peng J, Pan Y, Han H. Fibroblast growth factor 21 attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerotic rat via enhancing the Nrf1-ARE signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1308-1317. [PMID: 31938226 PMCID: PMC6958096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with atherosclerotic progression. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a regulator of energy metabolism, has been reported to suppress the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic effects of FGF21 remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. Transcription factor NF-E2-related 2 (Nrf2), a sensitive regulator of oxidative stress, is also associated with atherosclerotic progression. In this study, we investigated whether up-regulation of FGF21 affected inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerotic rats and whether the Nrf2-signaling pathway was involved in FGF21-mediated effects. Pathological changes were detected in arterial tissues of rats, and the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators, vascular endothelial markers, and Nrf2-signaling related protein were measured in the serum or/and arterial tissues of rats. As a result, expression of FGF21 and Nrf2-ARE signaling related proteins were markedly suppressed in arterial tissues of model rats. Thickness of endarteria and infiltrating cells obviously increased in atherosclerotic rats, whereas the increase of FGF21 expression could decrease thickness of endarteria. Moreover, the levels of ET-1, MDA, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in model rats than that in normal rats, whereas the levels of NO, GSH and T-AOC were significantly lower. Compared with model rats, up-regulation of FGF21 could increase the expression of Nrf2-ARE signaling related proteins and the level of anti-oxidative indicators, decrease the levels of endothelial dysfunction, and reduce inflammatory indicators. Down-regulation of FGF21 could reverse these actions. Therefore FGF21 reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerotic rats via Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Han
- Department of Cardiology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Tewari D, Stankiewicz AM, Mocan A, Sah AN, Tzvetkov NT, Huminiecki L, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Dementia Therapy and Significance of Natural Products and Herbal Drugs. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29483867 PMCID: PMC5816049 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a clinical syndrome wherein gradual decline of mental and cognitive capabilities of an afflicted person takes place. Dementia is associated with various risk factors and conditions such as insufficient cerebral blood supply, toxin exposure, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and often coexisting with some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although there are well-established (semi-)synthetic drugs currently used for the management of AD and AD-associated dementia, most of them have several adverse effects. Thus, traditional medicine provides various plant-derived lead molecules that may be useful for further medical research. Herein we review the worldwide use of ethnomedicinal plants in dementia treatment. We have explored a number of recognized databases by using keywords and phrases such as “dementia”, “Alzheimer's,” “traditional medicine,” “ethnopharmacology,” “ethnobotany,” “herbs,” “medicinal plants” or other relevant terms, and summarized 90 medicinal plants that are traditionally used to treat dementia. Moreover, we highlight five medicinal plants or plant genera of prime importance and discuss the physiological effects, as well as the mechanism of action of their major bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and dementia is also discussed. We conclude that several drugs of plant origin may serve as promising therapeutics for the treatment of dementia, however, pivotal evidence for their therapeutic efficacy in advanced clinical studies is still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology Roumen Tsanev, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Jarosław O Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Zhou F, Bai M, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang S, Zhu K, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou L. Berberine-induced activation of AMPK increases hepatic FGF21 expression via NUR77. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1936-1941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
91
|
|
92
|
Yan J, Wang J, Huang H, Huang Y, Mi T, Zhang C, Zhang L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 delayed endothelial replicative senescence and protected cells from H 2O 2-induced premature senescence through SIRT1. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4492-4501. [PMID: 29118911 PMCID: PMC5666058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is an independent risk factor for age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been widely recognized as a metabolic regulator that is elevated in response to caloric and nutritional restrictions. Recent studies have demonstrated its emerging role as a pro-longevity hormone, but its effects on the senescence of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the anti-senescence effects and underlying mechanism of FGF21 on HUVECs. Co-cultivation of HUVECs with 5 ng/mL FGF21 significantly attenuated the phenotype changes of cells during in vitro subculture, including increased senescent population, decreased proliferation rate, decreased SIRT1 and elevated P53 and P21 protein levels. FGF21 also protected HUVECs from H2O2-induced cell damage, including premature cell senescence, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, increased DNA damage, decreased SIRT1 protein level and elevated protein levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P53 and P21. Transient knockdown of SIRT1 in HUVECs significantly suppressed the protective effects of FGF21 for the rescue of H2O2-induced premature senescence and DNA damage, which suggests that the anti-senescence effect of FGF21 on HUVECs is SIRT1-dependent. These results support the potential of FGF21 as a therapeutic target for postponing vascular aging and preventing age-related vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Huijin Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Shen Y, Zhang X, Pan X, Xu Y, Xiong Q, Lu Z, Ma X, Bao Y, Jia W. Contribution of serum FGF21 level to the identification of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac death. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:106. [PMID: 28821258 PMCID: PMC5562996 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The relationship between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and cardiovascular disease has been well established in recent studies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FGF21 and left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac death. METHODS Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to estimate left ventricular systolic function. The optimal cutoff of FGF21 for identifying left ventricular systolic dysfunction at baseline was analyzed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The identification of different serum levels of FGF21 and their association with cardiac death was analyzed via Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Serum FGF21 level was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) level was determined by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS A total of 253 patients were recruited for this study at baseline. Patients were excluded if they lacked echocardiography or laboratory measurement data, and there were 218 patients enrolled in the final analysis. The average age was 66.32 ± 10.10 years. The optimal cutoff values of FGF21 and NT-pro-BNP for identifying left ventricular systolic dysfunction at baseline were 321.5 pg/mL and 131.3 ng/L, respectively, determined separately via ROC analysis. The areas under the curves were non-significant among FGF21, NT-pro-BNP and FGF21 + NT-pro-BNP as determined by pairwise comparisons. Both a higher serum level of FGF21 and a higher serum level of NT-pro-BNP were independent risk factors for left ventricular systolic dysfunction at baseline (odd ratio (OR) 3.138 [1.037-9.500], P = 0.043, OR 9.207 [2.036-41.643], P = 0.004, separately). Further Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated an association between both a higher serum level of FGF21 and a higher serum level of NT-pro-BNP with cardiac death in 5 years [RR 5.000 (1.326-18.861), P = 0.026; RR 9.643 (2.596-35.825), P = 0.009, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Serum FGF21 level was significantly correlated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction at baseline. Patients with higher serum levels of FGF21 tended to suffer greater risks of cardiac death than patients with lower serum levels of FGF21. The identification of FGF21 and its relationship with left ventricular systolic function and cardiac death were non-inferior to NT-pro-BNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Lombardi G, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:299. [PMID: 28856139 PMCID: PMC5555982 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, a growing number of molecules have been associated to an endocrine function of the skeletal muscle. Circulating myokine levels, in turn, have been associated with several pathophysiological conditions including the cardiovascular ones. However, data from different studies are often not completely comparable or even discordant. This would be due, at least in part, to the whole set of situations related to the preparation of the patient prior to blood sampling, blood sampling procedure, processing and/or store. This entire process constitutes the pre-analytical phase. The importance of the pre-analytical phase is often not considered. However, in routine diagnostics, the 70% of the errors are in this phase. Moreover, errors during the pre-analytical phase are carried over in the analytical phase and affects the final output. In research, for example, when samples are collected over a long time and by different laboratories, a standardized procedure for sample collecting and the correct procedure for sample storage are acknowledged. In this review, we discuss the pre-analytical variables potentially affecting the measurement of myokines with cardiovascular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kohara M, Masuda T, Shiizaki K, Akimoto T, Watanabe Y, Honma S, Sekiguchi C, Miyazawa Y, Kusano E, Kanda Y, Asano Y, Kuro-o M, Nagata D. Association between circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 and mortality in end-stage renal disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178971. [PMID: 28582462 PMCID: PMC5459464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine factor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating FGF21 predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus, including early-stage chronic kidney disease, but its impact on clinical outcomes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients remains unclear. This study enrolled 90 ESRD patients receiving chronic hemodialysis who were categorized into low- and high-FGF21 groups by the median value. We investigated the association between circulating FGF21 levels and the cardiovascular event and mortality during a median follow-up period of 64 months. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the mortality rate was significantly higher in the high-FGF21 group than in the low-FGF21 group (28.3% vs. 9.1%, log-rank, P = 0.034), while the rate of cardiovascular events did not significantly differ between the two groups (30.4% vs. 22.7%, log-rank, P = 0.312). In multivariable Cox models adjusted a high FGF21 level was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 3.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.39–14.27, P = 0.009). Higher circulating FGF21 levels were associated with a high mortality rate, but not cardiovascular events in patient with ESRD, suggesting that circulating FGF21 levels serve as a predictive marker for mortality in these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kohara
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuhiro Shiizaki
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sumiko Honma
- Department of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Koga Hospital, Koga, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiji Kusano
- JCHO Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Koga Hospital, Koga, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Discovery of Novel Insulin Sensitizers: Promising Approaches and Targets. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8360919. [PMID: 28659972 PMCID: PMC5474250 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8360919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the undisputed root cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is currently an unmet demand for safe and effective insulin sensitizers, owing to the restricted prescription or removal from market of certain approved insulin sensitizers, such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs), because of safety concerns. Effective insulin sensitizers without TZD-like side effects will therefore be invaluable to diabetic patients. The specific focus on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ- (PPARγ-) based agents in the past decades may have impeded the search for novel and safer insulin sensitizers. This review discusses possible directions and promising strategies for future research and development of novel insulin sensitizers and describes the potential targets of these agents. Direct PPARγ agonists, selective PPARγ modulators (sPPARγMs), PPARγ-sparing compounds (including ligands of the mitochondrial target of TZDs), agents that target the downstream effectors of PPARγ, along with agents, such as heat shock protein (HSP) inducers, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) selective inhibitors, biguanides, and chloroquines, which may be safer than traditional TZDs, have been described. This minireview thus aims to provide fresh perspectives for the development of a new generation of safe insulin sensitizers.
Collapse
|
97
|
Fjeldborg K, Pedersen SB, Møller HJ, Richelsen B. Reduction in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 after gastric bypass is related to changes in hepatic fat content. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1515-1523. [PMID: 28552744 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is elevated in obesity. OBJECTIVES We investigated the circulating level of FGF21 and the expression of FGF21, beta-klotho (KLB), and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) in adipose tissue in relation to weight, fat distribution, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)-induced weight loss. SETTING The Department of Endocrinology at Aarhus University Hospital. METHODS Thirty-one obese patients were enrolled. Visceral adipose tissue volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging, hepatic fat content measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry were determined at baseline and 12 months after RYGB. Fasting blood samples and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples were obtained. Moreover, 25 lean controls were enrolled. RESULTS FGF21 was significantly elevated in obese patients compared with lean patients (281±151 pg/mL versus 149±99 pg/mL, P<.05). RYGB-induced weight loss resulted in a smaller reduction in FGF21 (P = .08). However, a significant reduction was seen in obese patients with initially high FGF21 levels (42% reduction, P<.001). A significant association was found between FGF21 and hepatic fat content at baseline (r = 0.40, P<.05). Moreover, ΔFGF21 was significantly associated with Δhepatic fat content after RYGB (r = 0.39, P<.05). FGF21 mRNA was not detectable in AT from either lean or obese patients. KLB and FGFR1 were upregulated in AT in relation to obesity, and both were further increased 12 months after RYGB. CONCLUSIONS FGF21 is reduced in relation to weight loss in patients with initial high levels of FGF21 and this reduction is significantly associated with a reduction in hepatic fat content. Thus, changes in FGF21 after RYGB-induced weight loss are closely related to changes in liver fat content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Fjeldborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Nardelli C, Iaffaldano L, Pilone V, Labruna G, Ferrigno M, Carlomagno N, Dodaro CA, Forestieri P, Buono P, Salvatore F, Sacchetti L. Changes in the MicroRNA Profile Observed in the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients after Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding. J Obes 2017; 2017:6754734. [PMID: 28386478 PMCID: PMC5366784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6754734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) results in significant lasting weight loss and improved metabolism in obese patients. To evaluate whether epigenetic factors could concur to these benefits, we investigated the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) microRNA (miRNA) profile before (T0) and three years (T1) after LAGB in three morbidly obese women. Case Reports. SAT miRNA profiling, evaluated by TaqMan Array, showed four downexpressed (miR-519d, miR-299-5p, miR-212, and miR-671-3p) and two upexpressed (miR-370 and miR-487a) miRNAs at T1 versus T0. Bioinformatics predicted that these miRNAs regulate genes belonging to pathways associated with the cytoskeleton, inflammation, and metabolism. Western blot analysis showed that PPAR-alpha, which is the target gene of miR-519d, increased after LAGB, thereby suggesting an improvement in SAT lipid metabolism. Accordingly, the number and diameter of adipocytes were significantly higher and lower, respectively, at T1 versus T0. Bioinformatics predicted that the decreased levels of miR-212, miR-299-5p, and miR-671-3p at T1 concur in reducing SAT inflammation. Conclusion. We show that the miRNA profile changes after LAGB. This finding, although obtained in only three cases, suggests that this epigenetic mechanism, by regulating the expression of genes involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism, could concur to improve SAT functionality in postoperative obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Nardelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pilone
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Labruna
- IRCCS SDN-Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Via Gianturco 113, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ferrigno
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Anna Dodaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Forestieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- IRCCS SDN-Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Via Gianturco 113, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Via Amm. F. Acton 38, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Sacchetti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- *Lucia Sacchetti:
| |
Collapse
|