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Radiotherapy-Induced Changes in the Systemic Immune and Inflammation Parameters of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091324. [PMID: 31500214 PMCID: PMC6770727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Though radiotherapy is a local therapy, it has systemic effects mainly influencing immune and inflammation processes. This has important consequences in the long-term prognosis and therapy individualization. Our objective was to investigate immune and inflammation-related changes in the peripheral blood of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Peripheral blood cells, plasma and blood cell-derived RNA were isolated from 23 patients before and at two time points after radiotherapy and cellular immune parameters, plasma protein changes and gene expression alterations were studied. Increased regulatory T cells and increased CTLA4 and PD-1 expression on CD4 cells indicated an immune suppression induced by the malignant condition, which was accentuated by radiotherapy. Circulating dendritic cells were strongly elevated before treatment and were not affected by radiotherapy. Decreased endoglin levels in the plasma of patients before treatment were further decreased by radiotherapy. Expression of the FXDR, SESN1, GADD45, DDB2 and MDM2 radiation-response genes were altered in the peripheral blood cells of patients after radiotherapy. All changes were long-lasting, detectable one month after radiotherapy. In conclusion we demonstrated radiotherapy-induced changes in systemic immune parameters of head and neck cancer patients and proposed markers suitable for patient stratification worth investigating in larger patient cohorts.
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Freudenmann LK, Mayer C, Rodemann HP, Dittmann K. Reduced exosomal L-Plastin is responsible for radiation-induced bystander effect. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111498. [PMID: 31302031 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) are discussed as relevant processes during radiotherapy. Irradiated cells are suggested to release growth-inhibitory/DNA-damaging factors transported to non-irradiated cells. However, the molecular nature of this phenomenon has not yet been resolved. We aimed at identifying the growth-inhibitory factor(s) transmitted to non-irradiated cells. RIBE-competent PC3 cells were used to produce conditioned medium (CM) after exposure to ionizing radiation. Indicator cells were incubated with CM and clonogenic survival as well as cell proliferation were determined as endpoints. A549 indicator cells exhibited a bystander effect upon incubation with CM from irradiated PC3 cells. This bystander effect was not due to DNA-damaging factors, but a radiation-triggered reduction of mitogenic/clonogenic activity present in CM. Several tumor cells, but not normal fibroblasts secrete this factor, whose release is reduced by irradiation. We identified L-Plastin to be responsible for the mitogenic/clonogenic activity. Removal of L-Plastin from CM by immunoprecipitation or siRNA-mediated knockdown of L-Plastin expression resulted in loss or reduction of mitogenic/clonogenic activity transmitted via CM, respectively. Exosome-transported L-Plastin was constitutively Ser5-phosphorylated, indicative of its bioactive conformation. In summary, we observed production and exosomal secretion of L-Plastin by cancer cells. Via exosome-transmitted L-Plastin, tumors induce clonogenic and mitogenic activity in cancer and normal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Irradiation inhibits L-Plastin production targeting both cancer cells and the tumor niche and may explain the high impact of radiotherapy in tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Katharina Freudenmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Claus Mayer
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
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Gaines S, Shao C, Hyman N, Alverdy JC. Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2018; 105:e131-e141. [PMID: 29341151 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer recurrence after a curative resection remains poorly understood. A yet-to-be accounted for variable is the composition and function of the microbiome adjacent to the tumour and its influence on the margins of resection following surgery. METHODS PubMed was searched for historical as well as current manuscripts dated between 1970 and 2017 using the following keywords: 'colorectal cancer recurrence', 'microbiome', 'anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic failure' and 'mechanical bowel preparation'. RESULTS There is a substantial and growing body of literature to demonstrate the various mechanisms by which environmental factors act on the microbiome to alter its composition and function with the net result of adversely affecting oncological outcomes following surgery. Some of these environmental factors include diet, antibiotic use, the methods used to prepare the colon for surgery and the physiological stress of the operation itself. CONCLUSION Interrogating the intestinal microbiome using next-generation sequencing technology has the potential to influence cancer outcomes following colonic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gaines
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6090 Chicago, Illinois 60025, USA
| | - C Shao
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6090 Chicago, Illinois 60025, USA
| | - N Hyman
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6090 Chicago, Illinois 60025, USA
| | - J C Alverdy
- Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6090 Chicago, Illinois 60025, USA
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Pouget JP, Georgakilas AG, Ravanat JL. Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1447-1487. [PMID: 29350049 PMCID: PMC6199630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Radiation therapy (from external beams to unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources) takes advantage of the detrimental effects of the clustered production of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Research has mainly focused on the interaction of radiation with water, which is the major constituent of living beings, and with nuclear DNA, which contains the genetic information. This led to the so-called target theory according to which cells have to be hit by ionizing particles to elicit an important biological response, including cell death. In cancer therapy, the Poisson law and linear quadratic mathematical models have been used to describe the probability of hits per cell as a function of the radiation dose. Recent Advances: However, in the last 20 years, many studies have shown that radiation generates "danger" signals that propagate from irradiated to nonirradiated cells, leading to bystander and other off-target effects. CRITICAL ISSUES Like for targeted effects, redox mechanisms play a key role also in off-target effects through transmission of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and also of cytokines, ATP, and extracellular DNA. Particularly, nuclear factor kappa B is essential for triggering self-sustained production of ROS and RNS, thus making the bystander response similar to inflammation. In some therapeutic cases, this phenomenon is associated with recruitment of immune cells that are involved in distant irradiation effects (called "away-from-target" i.e., abscopal effects). FUTURE DIRECTIONS Determining the contribution of targeted and off-target effects in the clinic is still challenging. This has important consequences not only in radiotherapy but also possibly in diagnostic procedures and in radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Pouget
- 1 Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) , INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- 2 DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- 3 Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS INAC SyMMES UMR 5819, Grenoble, France
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Burdak-Rothkamm S, Rothkamm K. Radiation-induced bystander and systemic effects serve as a unifying model system for genotoxic stress responses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Reis P, Pereira R, Carvalho FP, Oliveira J, Malta M, Mendo S, Lourenço J. Life history traits and genotoxic effects on Daphnia magna exposed to waterborne uranium and to a uranium mine effluent - A transgenerational study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 202:16-25. [PMID: 29966909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the impact of uranium mining industry on aquatic ecosystems near mining areas is critical to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of ecosystem services. As so, a transgenerational study with Daphnia magna has been conducted to perceive to what extent intermittent discharges of uranium mine effluents into watercourses may impact the DNA integrity and life history traits of cladocerans. Organisms were exposed for 48 h to a 2% dilution of an uranium mine effluent (UME) and to a corresponding dose of waterborne uranium (WU) that, according to our preliminary studies, induces significant DNA damage in daphnids. After exposure, organisms were transferred to clean medium, where three successive generations were monitored for genotoxicity and other effects at the individual and population level. Despite some differences between WU and UME data, our results revealed that the negative impacts of the short-term exposure gradually disappeared after placing the organisms in clean medium. These results suggest that, under intermittent stress, daphnids are able to recover, since after the 3rd brood release, DNA damage (measured as DNA strand breaks) is no longer observed and has no significant impact on the detectable life traits of offspring. Although our results indicate that populations of D. magna are not affected by intermittent and highly diluted discharges from uranium mining, aquatic systems under this kind of pressure should not be seen as hazardous-free. Future studies in this field are recommended and these should consider radionuclides in the water column, their accumulation in the sediments and also multiple life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Reis
- Department of Biology & GreenUPorto - Research Center on Sustainable Agrifood Production, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Department of Biology & GreenUPorto - Research Center on Sustainable Agrifood Production, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiro de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal.
| | - F P Carvalho
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - J Oliveira
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - M Malta
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Hu W, Pei H, Sun F, Li P, Nie J, Li B, Hei TK, Zhou G. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-targeted lung tissues of Kunming mice exposed to X-rays is suppressed by celecoxib. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:583-587. [PMID: 30124886 PMCID: PMC6151633 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the highest health risks caused by ionizing radiation, which induces both direct effects and non-targeted effects. However, whether radiation-induced non-targeted effects result in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a critical process during tumorigenesis, in non-targeted lung tissues remains unknown. In the present study, Kunming mice were subjected to whole-body, cranial or local abdominal irradiation of single-dose or fractionated 4 Gy X-rays, and the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in non-targeted lung tissues were assessed by both qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. It was found that the epithelial marker was downregulated while the mesenchymal markers were upregulated significantly in non-targeted lung tissues of the irradiated mice. Local abdominal irradiation was more efficient in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition than whole-body or cranial irradiation when the fractionated irradiation method was adopted. In addition, the intraperitoneal administration of celecoxib suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the non-targeted lung tissues. In conclusion, our findings suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal transition is induced in non-targeted lung tissues, but can be suppressed by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Pei
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Sun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, P. R. China
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Booth L, Roberts J, Poklepovic A, Dent P. The CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 synergizes with PARP1 inhibitors to kill carcinoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:786-796. [PMID: 30024813 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1472189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of PARP1 are approved therapeutic agents in ovarian carcinomas. We determined whether the novel clinically relevant CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 interacted with PARP1 inhibitors to kill carcinoma cells. In multiple mammary and ovarian cancer lines SRA737 synergized with the PARP1 inhibitors olaparib and niraparib to cause cell death. The [SRA737 + niraparib] drug combination activated an ATM-AMPK-ULK1-mTOR pathway which resulted in the formation of autophagosomes, temporally followed by autolysosome formation. Phosphorylation of ULK1 S317 was essential for kinase activation against ATG13. The drug combination elevated eIF2α phosphorylation which was causal at increasing Beclin1 and ATG5 expression, reducing MCL-1 and BCL-XL levels, and causing CD95 activation. Knock down of CD95, eIF2α, ATM, AMPKα, ULK1, Beclin1 or ATG5 reduced drug combination lethality. Blockade of either caspase 9 function or that of AIF each partially prevented cell death. Expression of activated mTOR or of c-FLIP-s or of BCL-XL reduced cell killing. In vivo, SRA737 and niraparib interacted in an additive fashion to suppress the growth of mammary tumors. Multiplex analyses revealed that drug combination treated tumors had reduced their plasma levels of sERBB1, sERBB2, sVEGFR1, sVEGFR2, sIL-6R, HGF, PDGFAB/BB and CXCL16 and enhanced the levels of CCL26, IL-8 and MIF. Surviving tumors had activated ERK1/2 and AKT. This finding argues that IL-8/ERK/AKT signaling may be an evolutionary survival response to [SRA737 + niraparib].
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Jane Roberts
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- b Department of Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Paul Dent
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Zabuga O, Socol Y. Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818796331. [PMID: 30263019 PMCID: PMC6149023 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818796331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation are significant in important fields such as X-ray imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear power, and others. However, all existing and potential applications are currently challenged by public concerns and regulatory restrictions. We aimed to assess the validity of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage, which is the basis of current regulation, and to assess the justification for this regulation. We have conducted an extensive search in PubMed. Special attention has been given to papers cited in comprehensive reviews of the United States (2006) and French (2005) Academies of Sciences and in the United Nations Scientific Committee on Atomic Radiation 2016 report. Epidemiological data provide essentially no evidence for detrimental health effects below 100 mSv, and several studies suggest beneficial (hormetic) effects. Equally significant, many studies with in vitro and in animal models demonstrate that several mechanisms initiated by low-dose radiation have beneficial effects. Overall, although probably not yet proven to be untrue, LNT has certainly not been proven to be true. At this point, taking into account the high price tag (in both economic and human terms) borne by the LNT-inspired regulation, there is little doubt that the present regulatory burden should be reduced.
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Patel AS, El-Sayed T, Cho JS, Kelly JA, Ludwinski FE, Saha P, Lyons OT, Smith A, Modarai B. Response by Patel et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Radiation Induced DNA Damage in Operators Performing Endovascular Aortic Repair". Circulation 2018; 137:2680-2681. [PMID: 29891634 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish S Patel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Tamer El-Sayed
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jun S Cho
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - James A Kelly
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca E Ludwinski
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Saha
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver T Lyons
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Smith
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Bijan Modarai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Frey B, Rückert M, Deloch L, Rühle PF, Derer A, Fietkau R, Gaipl US. Immunomodulation by ionizing radiation-impact for design of radio-immunotherapies and for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:231-248. [PMID: 29027224 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is often regarded as an element of danger. But, danger responses on the cellular and molecular level are often beneficial with regard to the induction of anti-tumor immunity and for amelioration of inflammation. We outline how in dependence of radiation dose and fraction, radiation itself-and especially in combination with immune modulators-impacts on the innate and adaptive immune system. Focus is set on radiation-induced changes of the tumor cell phenotype and the cellular microenvironment including immunogenic cancer cell death. Mechanisms how anti-tumor immune responses are triggered by radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia, inhibition of apoptosis, the adjuvant AnnexinA5, or vaccination with high hydrostatic pressure-killed autologous tumor cells are discussed. Building on this, feasible multimodal radio-immunotherapy concepts are reviewed including overcoming immune suppression by immune checkpoint inhibitors and by targeting TGF-β. Since radiation-induced tissue damage, inflammation, and anti-tumor immune responses are interconnected, the impact of lower doses of radiation on amelioration of inflammation is outlined. Closely meshed immune monitoring concepts based on the liquid biopsy blood are suggested for prognosis and prediction of cancer and non-cancer inflammatory diseases. Finally, challenges and visions for the design of cancer radio-immunotherapies and for treatment of benign inflammatory diseases are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul F Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Reis P, Lourenço J, Carvalho FP, Oliveira J, Malta M, Mendo S, Pereira R. RIBE at an inter-organismic level: A study on genotoxic effects in Daphnia magna exposed to waterborne uranium and a uranium mine effluent. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:206-214. [PMID: 29554637 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The induction of RIBE (Radiation Induced Bystander Effect) is a non-target effect of low radiation doses that has already been verified at an inter-organismic level in fish and small mammals. Although the theoretical impact in the field of environmental risk assessment (ERA) is possible, there is a gap of knowledge regarding this phenomenon in invertebrate groups and following environmentally relevant exposures. To understand if RIBE should be considered for ERA of radionuclide-rich wastewaters, we exposed Daphnia magna (<24 h and 5d old) to a 2% diluted uranium mine effluent for 48 h, and to a matching dose of waterborne uranium (55.3 μg L-1). Then the exposed organisms were placed (24 and 48 h) in a clean medium together with non-exposed neonates. The DNA damage observed for the non-exposed organisms was statistically significant after the 24 h cohabitation for both uranium (neonates p = 0.002; 5 d-old daphnids p = <0.001) and uranium mine effluent exposure (only for neonates p = 0.042). After 48 h cohabitation significant results were obtained only for uranium exposure (neonates p = 0.017; 5 d-old daphnids p = 0.013). Although there may be some variability associated to age and exposure duration, the significant DNA damage detected in non-exposed organisms clearly reveals the occurrence of RIBE in D. magna. The data obtained and here presented are a valuable contribution for the discussion about the relevance of RIBE for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reis
- Department of Biology & GreenUPorto, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - J Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F P Carvalho
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - J Oliveira
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - M Malta
- Instituto Superior Técnico/Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - S Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- Department of Biology & GreenUPorto, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto, Portugal.
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63
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Genome instability syndromes caused by impaired DNA repair and aberrant DNA damage responses. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 34:337-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Averbeck D, Salomaa S, Bouffler S, Ottolenghi A, Smyth V, Sabatier L. Progress in low dose health risk research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:46-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Szatmári T, Persa E, Kis E, Benedek A, Hargitai R, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Extracellular vesicles mediate low dose ionizing radiation-induced immune and inflammatory responses in the blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [PMID: 29533121 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1450533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) imply the involvement of complex signaling mechanisms, which can be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using an in vivo model, we investigated EV-transmitted RIBE in blood plasma and radiation effects on plasma EV miRNA profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were total-body irradiated with 0.1 and 2 Gy, bone marrow-derived EVs were isolated, and injected systemically into naive, 'bystander' animals. Proteome profiler antibody array membranes were used to detect alterations in plasma, both in directly irradiated and bystander mice. MiRNA profile of plasma EVs was determined by PCR array. RESULTS M-CSF and pentraxin-3 levels were increased in the blood of directly irradiated and bystander mice both after low and high dose irradiations, CXCL16 and lipocalin-2 increased after 2 Gy in directly irradiated and bystander mice, CCL5 and CCL11 changed in bystander mice only. Substantial overlap was found in the cellular pathways regulated by those miRNAs whose level were altered in EVs isolated from the plasma of mice irradiated with 0.1 and 2 Gy. Several of these pathways have already been associated with bystander responses. CONCLUSION Low and high dose effects overlapped both in EV-mediated alterations in signaling pathways leading to RIBE and in their systemic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Eszter Persa
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Rita Hargitai
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- a Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , National Public Health Institute , Budapest , Hungary
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Najafi M, Motevaseli E, Shirazi A, Geraily G, Rezaeyan A, Norouzi F, Rezapoor S, Abdollahi H. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses to radiation and normal tissues toxicity: clinical implications. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:335-356. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhasan Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Norouzi
- Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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67
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Spyratou E, Makropoulou M, Efstathopoulos EP, Georgakilas AG, Sihver L. Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy Based on Dual Mode Gold Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120173. [PMID: 29257070 PMCID: PMC5742821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tumor-targeted strategies have been used worldwide to limit the side effects and improve the effectiveness of therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), etc. Biophotonic therapy modalities comprise very promising alternative techniques for cancer treatment with minimal invasiveness and side-effects. These modalities use light e.g., laser irradiation in an extracorporeal or intravenous mode to activate photosensitizer agents with selectivity in the target tissue. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive technique for cancer treatment which uses laser-activated photoabsorbers to convert photon energy into heat sufficient to induce cells destruction via apoptosis, necroptosis and/or necrosis. During the last decade, PTT has attracted an increased interest since the therapy can be combined with customized functionalized nanoparticles (NPs). Recent advances in nanotechnology have given rise to generation of various types of NPs, like gold NPs (AuNPs), designed to act both as radiosensitizers and photothermal sensitizing agents due to their unique optical and electrical properties i.e., functioning in dual mode. Functionalized AuNPS can be employed in combination with non-ionizing and ionizing radiation to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer treatment while at the same time sparing normal tissues. Here, we first provide an overview of the use of NPs for cancer therapy. Then we review many recent advances on the use of gold NPs in PTT, RT and PTT/RT based on different types of AuNPs, irradiation conditions and protocols. We refer to the interaction mechanisms of AuNPs with cancer cells via the effects of non-ionizing and ionizing radiations and we provide recent existing experimental data as a baseline for the design of optimized protocols in PTT, RT and PTT/RT combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellas Spyratou
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
| | - Mersini Makropoulou
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios P Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Lembit Sihver
- Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria.
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68
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Yeles C, Vlachavas EI, Papadodima O, Pilalis E, Vorgias CE, Georgakilas AG, Chatziioannou A. Integrative Bioinformatic Analysis of Transcriptomic Data Identifies Conserved Molecular Pathways Underlying Ionizing Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects (RIBE). Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E160. [PMID: 29186820 PMCID: PMC5742808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) encompass a number of effects with potential for a plethora of damages in adjacent non-irradiated tissue. The cascade of molecular events is initiated in response to the exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), something that may occur during diagnostic or therapeutic medical applications. In order to better investigate these complex response mechanisms, we employed a unified framework integrating statistical microarray analysis, signal normalization, and translational bioinformatics functional analysis techniques. This approach was applied to several microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) related to RIBE. The analysis produced lists of differentially expressed genes, contrasting bystander and irradiated samples versus sham-irradiated controls. Furthermore, comparative molecular analysis through BioInfoMiner, which integrates advanced statistical enrichment and prioritization methodologies, revealed discrete biological processes, at the cellular level. For example, the negative regulation of growth, cellular response to Zn2+-Cd2+, and Wnt and NIK/NF-kappaB signaling, thus refining the description of the phenotypic landscape of RIBE. Our results provide a more solid understanding of RIBE cell-specific response patterns, especially in the case of high-LET radiations, like α-particles and carbon-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Yeles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15701 Athens, Greece; (C.Y.); (C.E.V.)
- Metabolic Engineering and Bioinformatics Research Team, Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.-I.V); (O.P.)
| | - Efstathios-Iason Vlachavas
- Metabolic Engineering and Bioinformatics Research Team, Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.-I.V); (O.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Greece
- Enios Applications Private Limited Company, A17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Olga Papadodima
- Metabolic Engineering and Bioinformatics Research Team, Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.-I.V); (O.P.)
| | | | - Constantinos E. Vorgias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15701 Athens, Greece; (C.Y.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Metabolic Engineering and Bioinformatics Research Team, Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.-I.V); (O.P.)
- Enios Applications Private Limited Company, A17671 Athens, Greece;
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Ventura J, Lobachevsky PN, Palazzolo JS, Forrester H, Haynes NM, Ivashkevich A, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Ntargaras A, Kotsaris V, Pollakis GC, Potsi G, Skordylis K, Terzoudi G, Pateras IS, Gorgoulis VG, Georgakilas AG, Sprung CN, Martin OA. Localized Synchrotron Irradiation of Mouse Skin Induces Persistent Systemic Genotoxic and Immune Responses. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6389-6399. [PMID: 29113972 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of nontargeted (systemic) effects of ionizing radiation is attracting increasing attention. Exploiting synchrotron radiation generated by the Imaging and Medical Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, we studied radiation-induced nontargeted effects in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were locally irradiated with a synchrotron X-ray broad beam and a multiplanar microbeam radiotherapy beam. To assess the influence of the beam configurations and variations in peak dose and irradiated area in the response of normal tissues outside the irradiated field at 1 and 4 days after irradiation, we monitored oxidatively induced clustered DNA lesions (OCDL), DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), apoptosis, and the local and systemic immune responses. All radiation settings induced pronounced persistent systemic effects in mice, which resulted from even short exposures of a small irradiated area. OCDLs were elevated in a wide variety of unirradiated normal tissues. In out-of-field duodenum, there was a trend for elevated apoptotic cell death under most irradiation conditions; however, DSBs were elevated only after exposure to lower doses. These genotoxic events were accompanied by changes in plasma concentrations of macrophage-derived cytokine, eotaxin, IL10, TIMP1, VEGF, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2, along with changes in tissues in frequencies of macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Overall, our findings have implications for the planning of therapeutic and diagnostic radiation treatments to reduce the risk of radiation-related adverse systemic effects. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6389-99. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ventura
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pavel N Lobachevsky
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason S Palazzolo
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole M Haynes
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alesia Ivashkevich
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Radiation Oncology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew W Stevenson
- CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Ntargaras
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Kotsaris
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Ch Pollakis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gianna Potsi
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Skordylis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Terzoudi
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga A Martin
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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70
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Peng V, Suchowerska N, Rogers L, Claridge Mackonis E, Oakes S, McKenzie DR. Grid therapy using high definition multileaf collimators: realizing benefits of the bystander effect. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1048-1059. [PMID: 28303745 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1299939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), parallel arrays of high-intensity synchrotron x-ray beams achieve normal tissue sparing without compromising tumor control. Grid-therapy using clinical linacs has spatial modulation on a larger scale and achieves promising results for palliative treatments of bulky tumors. The availability of high definition multileaf collimators (HDMLCs) with 2.5 mm leaves provides an opportunity for grid-therapy to more closely approach MRT. However, challenges to the wider implementation of grid-therapy remain because spatial modulation of the target volume runs counter to current radiotherapy practice and mechanisms for the beneficial effects of MRT are not fully understood. Without more knowledge of cell dose responses, a quantitative basis for planning treatments is difficult. The aim of this study is to determine if therapeutic benefits of MRT can be achieved using a linac with HDMLCs and if so, to develop a predictive model to support treatment planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS HD120-MLCs of a Varian Novalis TXTM were used to generate grid patterns of 2.5 and 5.0 mm spacing, which were characterized dosimetrically using GafchromicTM EBT3 film. Clonogenic survival of normal (HUVEC) and cancer (NCI-H460, HCC-1954) cell lines following irradiation under the grid and open fields using a 6 MV photon beam were compared in-vitro for the same average dose. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Relative to an open field, survival of normal cells in a 2.5 mm striped field was the same, while the survival of both cancer cell lines was significantly lower. A mathematical model was developed to incorporate dose gradients of the spatial modulation into the standard linear quadratic model. Our new bystander extended LQ model assumes spatial gradients drive the diffusion of soluble factors that influence survival through bystander effects, successfully predicting the experimental results that show an increased therapeutic ratio. Our results challenge conventional radiotherapy practice and propose that additional gain can be realized by prescribing spatially modulated treatments to harness the bystander effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Peng
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalka Suchowerska
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, VectorLAB, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Rogers
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, VectorLAB, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Oakes
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David R. McKenzie
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, VectorLAB, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Mavragani IV, Nikitaki Z, Souli MP, Aziz A, Nowsheen S, Aziz K, Rogakou E, Georgakilas AG. Complex DNA Damage: A Route to Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070091. [PMID: 28718816 PMCID: PMC5532627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are of great variety and level, but they are mainly damaging since radiation can perturb all important components of the cell, from the membrane to the nucleus, due to alteration of different biological molecules ranging from lipids to proteins or DNA. Regarding DNA damage, which is the main focus of this review, as well as its repair, all current knowledge indicates that IR-induced DNA damage is always more complex than the corresponding endogenous damage resulting from endogenous oxidative stress. Specifically, it is expected that IR will create clusters of damage comprised of a diversity of DNA lesions like double strand breaks (DSBs), single strand breaks (SSBs) and base lesions within a short DNA region of up to 15–20 bp. Recent data from our groups and others support two main notions, that these damaged clusters are: (1) repair resistant, increasing genomic instability (GI) and malignant transformation and (2) can be considered as persistent “danger” signals promoting chronic inflammation and immune response, causing detrimental effects to the organism (like radiation toxicity). Last but not least, the paradigm shift for the role of radiation-induced systemic effects is also incorporated in this picture of IR-effects and consequences of complex DNA damage induction and its erroneous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia V Mavragani
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Zacharenia Nikitaki
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria P Souli
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Asef Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Mayo Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Emmy Rogakou
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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72
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Subhashree M, Venkateswarlu R, Karthik K, Shangamithra V, Venkatachalam P. DNA damage and the bystander response in tumor and normal cells exposed to X-rays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 821:20-27. [PMID: 28735740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer and suspension cultures of tumor (BMG-1, CCRF-CEM), normal (AG1522, HADF, lymphocytes) and ATM-mutant (GM4405) human cells were exposed to X-rays at doses used in radiotherapy (high dose and high dose-rate) or radiological imaging (low dose and low dose-rate). Radiation-induced DNA damage, its persistence, and possible bystander effects were evaluated, based on DNA damage markers (γ-H2AX, p53ser15) and cell-cycle-specific cyclins (cyclin B1 and cyclin D1). Dose-dependent DNA damage and a dose-independent bystander response were seen after exposure to high dose and high dose-rate radiation. The level of induced damage (expression of p53ser15, γ-H2AX) depended on ATM status. However, low dose and dose-rate exposures neither increased expression of marker proteins nor induced a bystander response, except in the CCRF-CEM cells. Bystander effects after high-dose irradiation may contribute to stochastic and deterministic effects. Precautions to protect unexposed regions or to inhibit transmission of DNA damage signaling might reduce radiation risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Subhashree
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - R Venkateswarlu
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - K Karthik
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - V Shangamithra
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - P Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
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Raza MH, Siraj S, Arshad A, Waheed U, Aldakheel F, Alduraywish S, Arshad M. ROS-modulated therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28647857 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in cancer cells as a result of increased metabolic rate, dysfunction of mitochondria, elevated cell signaling, expression of oncogenes and increased peroxisome activities. Certain level of ROS is required by cancer cells, above or below which lead to cytotoxicity in cancer cells. This biochemical aspect can be exploited to develop novel therapeutic agents to preferentially and selectively target cancer cells. METHODS We searched various electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed english-language articles. Selected articles ranging from research papers, clinical studies, and review articles on the ROS production in living systems, its role in cancer development and cancer treatment, and the role of microbiota in ROS-dependent cancer therapy were analyzed. RESULTS This review highlights oxidative stress in tumors, underlying mechanisms of different relationships of ROS and cancer cells, different ROS-mediated therapeutic strategies and the emerging role of microbiota in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer cells exhibit increased ROS stress and disturbed redox homeostasis which lead to ROS adaptations. ROS-dependent anticancer therapies including ROS scavenging anticancer therapy and ROS boosting anticancer therapy have shown promising results in vitro as well as in vivo. In addition, response to cancer therapy is modulated by the human microbiota which plays a critical role in systemic body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan Raza
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Siraj
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University (KMU), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Biology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Nikitaki Z, Pavlopoulou A, Holá M, Donà M, Michalopoulos I, Balestrazzi A, Angelis KJ, Georgakilas AG. Bridging Plant and Human Radiation Response and DNA Repair through an In Silico Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E65. [PMID: 28587301 PMCID: PMC5483884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of response to radiation exposure are conserved in plants and animals. The DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are the predominant molecular pathways activated upon exposure to radiation, both in plants and animals. The conserved features of DDR in plants and animals might facilitate interdisciplinary studies that cross traditional boundaries between animal and plant biology in order to expand the collection of biomarkers currently used for radiation exposure monitoring (REM) in environmental and biomedical settings. Genes implicated in trans-kingdom conserved DDR networks often triggered by ionizing radiation (IR) and UV light are deposited into biological databases. In this study, we have applied an innovative approach utilizing data pertinent to plant and human genes from publicly available databases towards the design of a 'plant radiation biodosimeter', that is, a plant and DDR gene-based platform that could serve as a REM reliable biomarker for assessing environmental radiation exposure and associated risk. From our analysis, in addition to REM biomarkers, a significant number of genes, both in human and Arabidopsis thaliana, not yet characterized as DDR, are suggested as possible DNA repair players. Last but not least, we provide an example on the applicability of an Arabidopsis thaliana-based plant system monitoring the role of cancer-related DNA repair genes BRCA1, BARD1 and PARP1 in processing DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharenia Nikitaki
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2-4, 35100 Lamia, Greece.
| | - Marcela Holá
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Na Karlovce 1, 16000 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Mattia Donà
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI) Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ioannis Michalopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Karel J Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Na Karlovce 1, 16000 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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75
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Abstract
The microbiota is composed of commensal bacteria and other microorganisms that live on the epithelial barriers of the host. The commensal microbiota is important for the health and survival of the organism. Microbiota influences physiological functions from the maintenance of barrier homeostasis locally to the regulation of metabolism, haematopoiesis, inflammation, immunity and other functions systemically. The microbiota is also involved in the initiation, progression and dissemination of cancer both at epithelial barriers and in sterile tissues. Recently, it has become evident that microbiota, and particularly the gut microbiota, modulates the response to cancer therapy and susceptibility to toxic side effects. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for the ability of the microbiota to modulate chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy with a focus on the microbial species involved, their mechanism of action and the possibility of targeting the microbiota to improve anticancer efficacy while preventing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Roy
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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76
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Gao Y, Li C, Wei L, Teng Y, Nakajima S, Chen X, Xu J, Leger B, Ma H, Spagnol ST, Wan Y, Dahl KN, Liu Y, Levine AS, Lan L. SSRP1 Cooperates with PARP and XRCC1 to Facilitate Single-Strand DNA Break Repair by Chromatin Priming. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2674-2685. [PMID: 28416484 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) are the most common form of DNA damage, requiring repair processes that to initiate must overcome chromatin barriers. The FACT complex comprised of the SSRP1 and SPT16 proteins is important for maintaining chromatin integrity, with SSRP1 acting as an histone H2A/H2B chaperone in chromatin disassembly during DNA transcription, replication, and repair. In this study, we show that SSRP1, but not SPT16, is critical for cell survival after ionizing radiation or methyl methanesulfonate-induced single-strand DNA damage. SSRP1 is recruited to SSB in a PARP-dependent manner and retained at DNA damage sites by N-terminal interactions with the DNA repair protein XRCC1. Mutational analyses showed how SSRP1 function is essential for chromatin decondensation and histone H2B exchange at sites of DNA strand breaks, which are both critical to prime chromatin for efficient SSB repair and cell survival. By establishing how SSRP1 facilitates SSB repair, our findings provide a mechanistic rationale to target SSRP1 as a general approach to selectively attack cancer cells. Cancer Res; 77(10); 2674-85. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Changling Li
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Leizhen Wei
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yaqun Teng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoshi Nakajima
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiukai Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianquan Xu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany Leger
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongqiang Ma
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen T Spagnol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Wan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur S Levine
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Lan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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77
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Szatmári T, Kis D, Bogdándi EN, Benedek A, Bright S, Bowler D, Persa E, Kis E, Balogh A, Naszályi LN, Kadhim M, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Radiation-Induced Systemic Bystander Signals in the Bone Marrow and Spleen. Front Immunol 2017; 8:347. [PMID: 28396668 PMCID: PMC5366932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects refer to the induction of biological changes in cells not directly hit by radiation implying that the number of cells affected by radiation is larger than the actual number of irradiated cells. Recent in vitro studies suggest the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating radiation-induced bystander signals, but in vivo investigations are still lacking. Here, we report an in vivo study investigating the role of EVs in mediating radiation effects. C57BL/6 mice were total-body irradiated with X-rays (0.1, 0.25, 2 Gy), and 24 h later, EVs were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) and were intravenously injected into unirradiated (so-called bystander) animals. EV-induced systemic effects were compared to radiation effects in the directly irradiated animals. Similar to direct radiation, EVs from irradiated mice induced complex DNA damage in EV-recipient animals, manifested in an increased level of chromosomal aberrations and the activation of the DNA damage response. However, while DNA damage after direct irradiation increased with the dose, EV-induced effects peaked at lower doses. A significantly reduced hematopoietic stem cell pool in the BM as well as CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte pool in the spleen was detected in mice injected with EVs isolated from animals irradiated with 2 Gy. These EV-induced alterations were comparable to changes present in the directly irradiated mice. The pool of TLR4-expressing dendritic cells was different in the directly irradiated mice, where it increased after 2 Gy and in the EV-recipient animals, where it strongly decreased in a dose-independent manner. A panel of eight differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNA) was identified in the EVs originating from both low- and high-dose-irradiated mice, with a predicted involvement in pathways related to DNA damage repair, hematopoietic, and immune system regulation, suggesting a direct involvement of these pathways in mediating radiation-induced systemic effects. In conclusion, we proved the role of EVs in transmitting certain radiation effects, identified miRNAs carried by EVs potentially responsible for these effects, and showed that the pattern of changes was often different in the directly irradiated and EV-recipient bystander mice, suggesting different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dávid Kis
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Enikő Noémi Bogdándi
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Scott Bright
- Genomic Instability Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Deborah Bowler
- Genomic Instability Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Eszter Persa
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lívia N Naszályi
- Research Group for Molecular Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Genomic Instability Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
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78
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Identification of stable housekeeping genes in response to ionizing radiation in cancer research. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43763. [PMID: 28262749 PMCID: PMC5338320 DOI: 10.1038/srep43763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping genes (HKGs) are essential for basic maintenance of a variety of cellular processes. They ideally maintain uniform expression independent of experimental conditions. However, the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on HKG expression is unclear. Statistical algorithms, geNorm and Normfinder were used for estimating the stability of HKGs as raw quantification cycle (Cq) values were not a reliable factor for normalization. Head and neck, non-small lung and pancreas cells were exposed to 2, 4 and 6 Gy IR doses and expression of fourteen HKGs was measured at 5 min to 48 h post-irradiation within a given tissue. Paired and single cell line analyses under these experimental conditions identified TATA-Box Binding Protein (TBP) and Importin 8 (IPO8) to be stable in non-small cell lung cancer. In addition to these two genes, Ubiquitin C (UBC) in head and neck cancer and Transferrin receptor (TFRC) and β-Glucuronidase (GUSB) in pancreatic cancer were identified to be stable as well. In summary we present a resource for top ranked five stable HKGs and their transcriptional behavior in commonly used cancer model cell lines and suggest the use of multiple HKGs under radiation treatment conditions is a reliable metric for quantifying gene expression.
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79
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Abstract
More than 0.5 million new cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, and approximately 75% of them are treated with radiation alone or in combination with other cancer treatments. A majority of patients treated with radiotherapy develop significant oral off-target effects because of the unavoidable irradiation of normal tissues. Salivary glands that lie within treatment fields are often irreparably damaged and a decline in function manifests as dry mouth or xerostomia. Limited ability of the salivary glands to regenerate lost acinar cells makes radiation-induced loss of function a chronic problem that affects the quality of life of the patients well beyond the completion of radiotherapy. The restoration of saliva production after irradiation has been a daunting challenge, and this review provides an overview of promising gene therapeutics that either improve the gland’s ability to survive radiation insult, or alternately, restore fluid flow after radiation. The salient features and shortcomings of each approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States of America
| | - Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States of America
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80
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Siranart N, Blakely EA, Cheng A, Handa N, Sachs RK. Mixed Beam Murine Harderian Gland Tumorigenesis: Predicted Dose-Effect Relationships if neither Synergism nor Antagonism Occurs. Radiat Res 2016; 186:577-591. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14411.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nopphon Siranart
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Eleanor A. Blakely
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Alden Cheng
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Naval Handa
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Rainer K. Sachs
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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81
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Ferreri C, Golding BT, Jahn U, Ravanat JL. COST Action CM1201 "Biomimetic Radical Chemistry": free radical chemistry successfully meets many disciplines. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:S112-S128. [PMID: 27750460 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1248961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The COST Action CM1201 "Biomimetic Radical Chemistry" has been active since December 2012 for 4 years, developing research topics organized into four working groups: WG1 - Radical Enzymes, WG2 - Models of DNA damage and consequences, WG3 - Membrane stress, signalling and defenses, and WG4 - Bio-inspired synthetic strategies. International collaborations have been established among the participating 80 research groups with brilliant interdisciplinary achievements. Free radical research with a biomimetic approach has been realized in the COST Action and are summarized in this overview by the four WG leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- a ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, BioFreeRadicals Group , Bologna , Italy
| | - Bernard T Golding
- b School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- c Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- d INAC-SCIB & CEA, INAC-SyMMES Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
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82
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Kuwano Y, Nishida K, Akaike Y, Kurokawa K, Nishikawa T, Masuda K, Rokutan K. Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase-2: A Critical Regulator of the DNA Damage Response and the Epigenome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101638. [PMID: 27689990 PMCID: PMC5085671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and activates the apoptotic program through interaction with diverse downstream targets including tumor suppressor p53. HIPK2 is activated by genotoxic stimuli and modulates cell fate following DNA damage. The DNA damage response (DDR) is triggered by DNA lesions or chromatin alterations. The DDR regulates DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and apoptosis to restore genome integrity and cellular homeostasis. Maintenance of the DDR is essential to prevent development of diseases caused by genomic instability, including cancer, defects of development, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies reveal a novel HIPK2-mediated pathway for DDR through interaction with chromatin remodeling factor homeodomain protein 1γ. In this review, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms of HIPK2 and show its functions as a crucial DDR regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kensei Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoko Akaike
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Nishikawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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83
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Georgakilas AG, Gorgoulis VG. Systemic dna damage: Mechanisms, effects and mitigation strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 37-38:1-2. [PMID: 27113557 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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84
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Laube M, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy-A Hypothesis-Driven Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020014. [PMID: 27104573 PMCID: PMC4931535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection of normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing effects on tumor tissue have been described for several compounds of this structurally diverse class. This review aims to substantiate the hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors are promising radioprotectants because of intercepting radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in normal tissue, especially the vascular system. For this, literature reporting on COX inhibitors exerting radioprotective and/or radiosensitizing action as well as on antioxidant COX inhibitors will be reviewed comprehensively with the aim to find cross-points of both and, by that, stimulate further research in the field of radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany.
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