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Yip T, Feng Y, Lorenzo K, El-Sheikh M. Ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among adolescents: moderation by sleep regularity. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13798. [PMID: 36578265 PMCID: PMC11352077 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how sleep regularity moderates the association between ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among diverse adolescents. The study included a 14-day, daily diary and actigraphy study of ninth-grade adolescents in the United States (N = 265; mean [SD] age 15.26 [0.62] years, 41.51% Asian, 21.13% Black, 37.35% Latinx, 71.32% female) who completed measures of demographic information and ethnic/racial discrimination (Daily Life Experiences Racism and Bother subscale). Sleep data were collected for 14 consecutive days with wrist actigraphy, and sleep regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Academic grades were provided by the Department of Education. Discrimination frequency was associated with lower academic grades, and the SRI moderated this association. Compared to adolescents who had moderate and regular SRI profiles, adolescents with irregular SRI (i.e., lower sleep regularity) had stronger negative associations between discrimination and grades. On the other hand, for adolescents who had moderate to high sleep regularity, there was no significant association between discrimination and grades. This study underscores the importance of sleep regularity for adolescents' academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Feng
- Fordham University, New York, New York, USA
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52
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Zilioli S, Jiang Y, Byrd D, Joseph N. Lifetime discrimination, habitual and daily everyday discrimination, and diurnal cortisol among older African Americans adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106089. [PMID: 36965461 PMCID: PMC10164111 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of discrimination can be major life events or daily chronic hassles that occur in various social contexts (e.g., housing, education, employment) and have been found to predict adverse health outcomes, including dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous work on daily cortisol dynamics has generally revealed an association between discrimination and flatter cortisol slopes, particularly among racial minorities. However, most of the existing studies have focused on youth and young adults, with little work among older adults. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between three measures of discrimination (lifetime discrimination, habitual everyday discrimination, and daily everyday discrimination) and diurnal cortisol secretion in a sample of 203 older African Americans. Study results indicated that individuals reporting higher levels of lifetime discrimination experienced morning hypocortisolism and flatter diurnal cortisol slopes. Exploratory analyses also showed that prior daily everyday discrimination was significantly associated with blunted cortisol awakening response (CAR) the next day. Our findings underline the role of discrimination in modulating daily cortisol dynamics among older African American adults and advance knowledge on how social stressors influence healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, United States.
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
| | - DeAnnah Byrd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovative, Arizona State University, United States; Center of Innovative, Healthy, and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Nataria Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, United States
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Majeno A, Molina KM, Frisard CF, Lemon SC, Rosal MC. Discrimination and Sleep: Differential Effects by Type and Coping Strategy. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:442-452. [PMID: 36534964 PMCID: PMC10205141 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination has been posited as a contributor of sleep disparities for Latinxs. The strategy used to cope with discrimination may reduce or exacerbate its effects on sleep. This study examined whether different types of discrimination (everyday and major lifetime discrimination) were associated with sleep indices (quality, disturbances, efficiency) and whether coping strategy used moderated associations. METHOD Data of Latinx adults (N = 602; 51% women, 65% Dominican, Mage = 46.72 years) come from the Latino Health and Well-being Project, a community-based, cross-sectional study of Latinxs in Lawrence, MA. Multiple linear regressions were estimated separately for each sleep outcome. RESULTS Everyday discrimination was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality and greater disturbances; major lifetime discrimination was significantly associated with worse sleep across the three sleep indices. Coping strategy moderated associations between discrimination and sleep. Compared with Latinxs who used passive coping, those who used passive-active coping strategies had poorer sleep quality the more they experienced everyday discrimination. Latinxs who used any active coping strategy, compared with passive coping, had greater sleep disturbances the more frequently they experienced major lifetime discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that everyday discrimination and major lifetime discrimination are associated with different dimensions of sleep and suggest that coping with discrimination may require the use of different strategies depending on the type of discrimination experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Majeno
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristine M Molina
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christine F Frisard
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Fidler AL, Chaudhari P, Sims V, Payne-Murphy J, Fischer J, Cottler LB. Insomnia among community members in Florida: Associations with demographics, health conditions, and social support. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e128. [PMID: 37313380 PMCID: PMC10260341 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify associations between demographics, social determinants of health, health conditions, and reported history of insomnia. A cross-sectional study including 11,960 adult community members recruited through HealthStreet, a community outreach program at University of Florida. Methods Health assessments were conducted via interviews. Participants reported their demographic background, level of social support, history of health conditions, and insomnia. Logistic regression was used to understand associations between risk factors and history of insomnia. Results The prevalence of self-reported insomnia was 27.3%. Adults aged ≥ 65 years (OR = 1.16) and women (OR = 1.18) reported higher rates of insomnia than their counterparts. Black/African American individuals reported lower rates of insomnia (OR = 0.72) than White individuals. Individuals with food insecurity (OR = 1.53), a military history (OR = 1.30), lower social support (OR = 1.24), living alone (OR = 1.14), anxiety (OR = 2.33), cardiometabolic disease (OR = 1.58), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 1.44) were significantly more likely to endorse insomnia compared with their counterparts. Depression (OR = 2.57) had the strongest association with insomnia. Conclusions This study provides evidence regarding who is at greater risk for insomnia among a large community-based sample. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for insomnia, particularly among patients who experience food insecurity, are military veterans, have anxiety, depression, ADHD, or cardiometabolic disease, as well as those who live alone or have lower levels of social support. Future public health campaigns should provide education on insomnia symptoms, treatments, and evidenced-based sleep-promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Fidler
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Piyush Chaudhari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Sims
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Payne-Murphy
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Fischer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda B. Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sheehan C, Louie P, Li L, Kulis SS. Exposure to neighborhood poverty from adolescence through emerging adulthood and sleep duration in US adults. Health Place 2023; 81:103004. [PMID: 36940492 PMCID: PMC10164711 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Does exposure to neighborhood poverty from adolescence to early adulthood have differential influence on sleep duration across racial/ethnic groups? We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health that consisted of 6756 Non-Hispanic (NH) White respondents, 2471 NH Black respondents, and 2000 Hispanic respondents and multinomial logistic models to predict respondent reported sleep duration based on exposure to neighborhood poverty during adolescence and adulthood. Results indicated that neighborhood poverty exposure was related to short sleep duration among NH White respondents only. We discuss these results in relation to coping, resilience, and White psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Sheehan
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, USA; T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-3701, USA.
| | - Patricia Louie
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, 211 Savery Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-3340, USA.
| | - Longfeng Li
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Stephen S Kulis
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-3701, USA.
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Mead MP, Vargas EA, Knutson KL. Racial Disparities in Sleep: Potential Mediation by Discrimination and Psychological Distress. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:573-580. [PMID: 35106740 PMCID: PMC9548322 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that experiences of discrimination contribute to racial disparities in sleep, and that psychological distress mediates these relationships. However, previous research has not included race as part of the mediation pathway and has had limited dimensions of sleep health and psychological mediators. In the current study, we examine serial mediation pathways by which race and sleep health are mediated through discrimination and subsequently through psychological distress (i.e., depressive symptoms, chronic stress, and loneliness). Data were from the 2010 wave of the Health Retirement Study (HRS). The analytic sample (n = 7,749) included Black and White participants who were included in the enhanced face-to-face interview in 2010 and who completed the psychosocial questionnaire. Race was reported as either Black or White. Sleep health was assessed with a 4-item questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the shortened CES-D, chronic stress via the ongoing chronic stressor scale, and loneliness via the UCLA loneliness scale. Covariates were included in all serial mediation models. Relative to White participants, Black participants reported increased experiences of discrimination, which was associated with increased psychological distress, and poorer sleep health. Findings demonstrate the significant adverse impact that discrimination has on both psychological well-being and sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Mead
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Emily A Vargas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Ji L, Zhaoyang R, Jiao J, Schade M, Bertisch S, Derby C, Buxton O, Gamaldo A. Discrimination and Education Quality Moderate the Association of Sleep With Cognitive Function in Older Black Adults: Results From the Einstein Aging Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:596-608. [PMID: 36420651 PMCID: PMC10066742 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heterogeneity among Black adults' experiences of discrimination and education quality independently influence cognitive function and sleep, and may also influence the extent to which sleep is related to cognitive function. We investigated the effect of discrimination on the relationship between objective sleep characteristics and cognitive function in older Black adults with varying education quality. METHOD Cross-sectional analyses include Black participants in the Einstein Aging Study (N = 104, mean age = 77.2 years, 21% males). Sleep measures were calculated from wrist actigraphy (15.4 ± 1.3 days). Mean ambulatory cognitive function (i.e., spatial working memory, processing speed/visual attention, and short-term memory binding) was assessed with validated smartphone-based cognitive tests (6 daily). A modified Williams Everyday Discrimination Scale measured discriminatory experiences. Linear regression, stratified by reading literacy (an indicator of education quality), was conducted to investigate whether discrimination moderated associations between sleep and ambulatory cognitive function for individuals with varying reading literacy levels. Models controlled for age, income, sleep-disordered breathing, and sex assigned at birth. RESULTS Higher reading literacy was associated with better cognitive performance. For participants with both lower reading literacy and more discriminatory experiences, longer mean sleep time was associated with slower processing speed, and lower sleep quality was associated with worse working memory. Later sleep midpoint and longer nighttime sleep were associated with worse spatial working memory for participants with low reading literacy, independent of their discriminatory experiences. DISCUSSION Sociocultural factors (i.e., discrimination and education quality) can further explain the association between sleep and cognitive functioning and cognitive impairment risk among older Black adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Ji
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruixue Zhaoyang
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - June L Jiao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margeaux M Schade
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne Bertisch
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa A Gamaldo
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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58
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Park K, Kim J. Longitudinal association between perceived discrimination and sleep problems among young adults in the United States: Tests of moderation by race/ethnicity and educational attainment. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115773. [PMID: 36801753 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although perceived discrimination is known to affect sleep, the findings of previous research are limited because they are mostly based on either cross-sectional data or non-generalizable samples, such as clinical samples. There is also little evidence on whether perceived discrimination differently affects sleep problems across different groups. OBJECTIVE This study examines whether perceived discrimination is related to sleep problems when considering unmeasured confounding factors and how that relationship varies by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status from a longitudinal perspective. METHODS This study uses Waves 1, 4, and 5 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and conducts hybrid panel modeling to estimate both within- and between-individual effects of perceived discrimination on sleep problems. RESULTS First, the results of the hybrid modeling show that increased perceived discrimination in daily life is related to poorer sleep quality when accounting for unobserved heterogeneity as well as time-constant and time-varying covariates. Moreover, the moderation analyses and the subgroup analyses demonstrate that the association was not found among Hispanics and among those with a bachelor's degree or more. That is, Hispanic origin and college attainment weaken the associations between perceived discrimination and sleep problems, and the differences by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a robust link between discrimination and sleep problems and further elaborates on whether this association varies among different groups. Efforts to reduce interpersonal and institutional discrimination (e.g., discrimination at the workplace or in the community) can help to improve sleep problems and thereby promote overall health. We also suggest that future research consider the moderating roles of susceptible and resilient factors in the relationships between discrimination and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwoong Park
- Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Williamson AA, Johnson TJ, Tapia IE. Health disparities in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 45:2-7. [PMID: 35277358 PMCID: PMC9329494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing reflects a continuum of overnight breathing difficulties, ranging from mild snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep-disordered breathing in childhood is associated with significant adverse outcomes in multiple domains of functioning. This review summarizes the evidence of well-described ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing, from its prevalence to its treatment-related outcomes. Research on potential socio-ecological contributors to these disparities is also reviewed. Critical future research directions include the development of interventions that address the modifiable social and environmental determinants of these health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Williamson
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffani J Johnson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ignacio E Tapia
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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60
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Child Health Advocacy: The Journey to Antiracism. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:91-101. [PMID: 36402474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The last several years have seen accelerated activity and discourse directed at antiracism. Specifically following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, institutions across the country engaged in a range of introspective exercises and transparent reckonings examining their practices, policies, and history insofar as equity and racism is concerned. The authors of this article, both active protagonists in this domain, have been, and continue to be, part of ongoing national efforts and have learned much about the strategies and tactics necessary to initiate, engage, and sustain traction on the path to antiracism.
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Mildrum Chana S, Palenski PE, Hawes ES, Wolford-Clevenger C, Thomas SJ, Gamble KL, Cropsey KL. Discrimination and insomnia: Examining depressive symptoms and nicotine withdrawal through a serial mediation model in a sample of smokers. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107506. [PMID: 36244244 PMCID: PMC10984338 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder associated with poor health outcomes. Individuals from racially underrepresented groups as well as women tend to report more severe insomnia symptoms, and frequent experiences of discrimination have been found to drive such disparities. Smokers commonly experience sleep problems since nicotine can alter the sleep-wake cycle. Discrimination is associated with increased nicotine dependence, and such discrimination may also intensify tobacco withdrawal, specifically mood and cognitive-related aspects of withdrawal. The potential impact of discrimination on withdrawal symptoms and related mood symptoms like depression may lead to increases in insomnia symptoms. However, no studies to date have evaluated the indirect association of discrimination with insomnia severity through nicotine withdrawal and depressive symptoms. Therefore, this cross-sectional survey of n = 110 non-Hispanic Black and White current smokers (48.2 % Black, 69.1 % women) investigated these associations through a serial mediation model. Controlling for race, gender, nicotine dependence levels, and income, multivariate analyses supported a significant indirect effect of discrimination on insomnia severity through depressive symptoms. Analyses supported the hypothesized serial mediation model whereby discrimination is positively associated with depressive symptoms, which in turn are linked to more severe nicotine withdrawal, leading to greater insomnia severity. Smokers encountering frequent experiences of discrimination might be at increased risk of suffering insomnia as a result of their increased depressive and withdrawal symptoms. Future work is necessary to understand the role of depressive symptoms in these associations as well as possible implications for smoking relapse and success of smoking cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mildrum Chana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paige E Palenski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hawes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen L Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Minority stress and sleep: How do stress perception and anxiety symptoms act as mediators for sexual minority men? Sleep Health 2023; 9:136-143. [PMID: 36697318 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sexual minority men experience worse sleep than heterosexuals. Little is known about how minority stress may account for these differences. Therefore, the aims of this study are to (1) understand the relationship between minority stress and sleep disturbance in a sample of sexual minority men, and (2) test whether these relationships are mediated by generalized anxiety symptoms and perception of stress. METHODS In 2020, 239 sexual minority men were recruited to complete an online survey. Participants responded to scales assessing minority stress (ie, internalized homophobia, experiences of harassment, microaggressions), perception of stress, generalized anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbance. Linear regressions were used to test the relationship between minority stress and sleep disturbance and to test generalized anxiety symptoms and perception of stress as mediators. RESULTS The final model was significant (F = 16.916, p < .001) and accounted for 43.5% of the variance in sleep disturbance. Generalized anxiety symptoms and perception of stress fully mediated the relationships between minority stress and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest the need for psychological intervention to improve sleep for sexual minority men. Future research should test this model longitudinally, and include objective measures of stress. Future interventions could target stress perception using mindfulness or cognitive-based interventions.
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Saelee R, Haardörfer R, Johnson DA, Gazmararian JA, Suglia SF. Racial/Ethnic and Sex/Gender Differences in Sleep Duration Trajectories From Adolescence to Adulthood in a US National Sample. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:51-61. [PMID: 36004702 PMCID: PMC10144618 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial/ethnic and sex/gender disparities in sleep duration have been documented in adolescence and adulthood. Identifying racial/ethnic and sex/gender differences in sleep duration trajectories from adolescence to adulthood can inform interventions on the developmental periods individuals are most at risk for short sleep duration. We examined racial/ethnic and sex/gender differences in self-reported sleep duration trajectories from adolescence to adulthood using data from waves I, III, IV, and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2018; n = 12,593). Multigroup growth mixture modeling was used to enumerate sleep duration trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. There were 3 common trajectory types across race/ethnicity and sex/gender groups: 1) consistent increasing short sleepers (i.e., increasing probability of short sleep into adulthood) (67.3%); 2) late-onset short sleepers (i.e., no probability of short sleep duration in adolescence until adulthood) (20.2%); and 3) early-onset short sleepers (i.e., declining probability of short sleep duration from adolescence into adulthood) (12.5%). The prevalence of the consistent-increasing trajectory was highest among Black male respondents, while late onset was highest among White female respondents and early onset greatest among Latinx male respondents. Findings underscore the need to intervene in early adolescence to prevent short sleep duration in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Saelee
- Correspondence to Dr. Ryan Saelee, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 (e-mail: )
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Letzen JE, Hunt C, Kuwabara H, McGill LS, Reid MJ, Hamilton KR, Buenaver LF, Burton E, Sheinberg R, Wong DF, Smith MT, Campbell CM. Preliminary Evidence for the Sequentially Mediated Effect of Racism-Related Stress on Pain Sensitivity Through Sleep Disturbance and Corticolimbic Opioid Receptor Function. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1-18. [PMID: 36167231 PMCID: PMC10863672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance predicts worse pain outcomes. Because sleep disturbance inequitably impacts Black adults - with racism as the upstream cause - understanding how racism-related stress impacts pain through sleep might help minimize racialized pain inequities. This preliminary study examined sequential mediation of the effect of racism-related stress on experimental pain through sleep disturbance and corticolimbic μOR function in pain-free non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and White (NHW) adults. Participants completed questionnaires, actigraphy, positron emission tomography, and sensory testing. We reproduced findings showing greater sleep disturbance and pain sensitivity among NHB participants; greater sleep disturbance (r = .35) and lower pain tolerance (r=-.37) were significantly associated with greater racism-related stress. In a sequential mediation model, the total effect of racism-related stress on pain tolerance (β=-.38, P = .005) weakened after adding sleep disturbance and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) μOR binding potential (BPND) as mediators (β = -.18, P = .16). The indirect effect was statistically significant [point estimate = -.003, (-.007, -.0003). Findings showed a potential sequentially mediated effect of racism-related stress on pain sensitivity through sleep disturbance and vmPFC μOR BPND. As policy efforts are enacted to eliminate the upstream cause of systemic racism, these results cautiously suggest that sleep interventions within racism-based trauma informed therapy might help prevent downstream effects on pain. PERSPECTIVE: This preliminary study identified the effect of racism-related stress on pain through sleep disturbance and mu-opioid receptor binding potential in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Findings cautiously support the application of sleep interventions within racism-based trauma-informed therapy to prevent pain inequities as policy changes function to eliminate all levels of racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle E Letzen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland..
| | - Carly Hunt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lakeya S McGill
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew J Reid
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katrina R Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luis F Buenaver
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Burton
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rosanne Sheinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dean F Wong
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, Neurosciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St, Louis Missouri
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Claudia M Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Felder JN, Roubinov D, Zhang L, Gray M, Beck A. Endorsement of a single-item measure of sleep disturbance during pregnancy and risk for postpartum depression: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:67-74. [PMID: 36633715 PMCID: PMC9908713 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Poor prenatal sleep quality is associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms but may go undetected in brief, busy prenatal care visits. Among non-depressed pregnant participants, we evaluated whether 1) the endorsement of sleep disturbance on a depression questionnaire predicted postpartum depressive symptoms, 2) the strength of these associations was higher than other somatic symptoms of pregnancy and depression (i.e., fatigue, appetite disturbance), and 3) the endorsement of prenatal sleep disturbance varied by participant characteristics. In this retrospective cohort study, participants had a live birth and completed Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) during pregnancy and within 8 weeks postpartum between 2012 and 2017. Participants who were non-depressed during pregnancy (PHQ-9 < 10) were included (n = 3619). We operationalized sleep disturbance, fatigue, and appetite disturbance as endorsement of item 3, 4, and 5 on the PHQ-9, respectively, and postpartum depressive symptoms as PHQ-9 total score ≥ 10. Participant characteristic variables included age, race, ethnicity, parity, gestational age at delivery, and preterm birth. Prenatal sleep disturbance was associated with higher odds of postpartum depressive symptoms (aORs 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1 for first trimester; 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-11.5 for second trimester; 3.4, 95% CI 1.9-6.8 for third trimester). Fatigue and appetite disturbance in the first and third trimesters were associated with higher odds of postpartum depressive symptoms. Sleep disturbance varied by race during the first and second trimesters (p < 0.05) and was highest among Black or African American participants (61.8-65.1%). A routinely administered single-item measure of sleep disturbance could identify otherwise lower-risk pregnant individuals who may benefit from depression prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Felder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA ,Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Danielle Roubinov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA ,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mark Gray
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Arne Beck
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
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McKinnon II, Johnson DA, Murden RJ, Erving CL, Parker R, Van Dyke ME, Vaccarino V, Booker B, Moore RH, Lewis TT. Extreme racism-related events and poor sleep in African-American women. Soc Sci Med 2023; 316:115623. [PMID: 36581549 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Much of the research linking racism-related stressors to poor health has focused on fairly non-violent forms of racism that directly impact individuals under study. Exposure to particularly extreme and/or violent racist events are increasingly visible via smartphone recordings and social media, with consistent anecdotal reports of the effects of seeing and hearing about these events on sleep among minorities who racially identify with the victims. OBJECTIVE This study examines whether exposure to direct and vicarious racism-related events (RREs), including more extreme events, are associated with sleep quality. Additionally, we examine effects of less and more violent direct RREs and vicarious RREs witnessed in person and via social media. METHODS Among 422 African-American women, we assessed exposure to RREs using a modified version of the Race-Related Events Scale and assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Linear regression analyses were used to model continuous global sleep. RESULTS Direct (β = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.35]) RREs were associated with worse continuous global sleep quality scores in analyses adjusted for sociodemographics and risk factors for poor sleep. More violent direct RREs (β = 0.59 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.89]) had stronger associations with poor sleep quality than less violent direct RREs (β = 0.25 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.40]). Vicarious RREs overall (β = 0.04 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.21]) and those witnessed via social media (β = -0.07 [95% CI: 0.29, 0.14]) were not associated with global sleep quality; conversely, vicarious RREs witnessed in person were (β = 0.52 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.83]). CONCLUSION Extreme, direct experiences of racism, particularly those that are violent in nature, are associated with poor sleep quality. However, extreme vicarious experiences are not-- unless witnessed in person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izraelle I McKinnon
- Department of Epidemiology (I.I.M., D.A.J., M.E.V.D., V.V., T.T.L.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dayna A Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology (I.I.M., D.A.J., M.E.V.D., V.V., T.T.L.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Raphiel J Murden
- Department of Biostatistics (R.J.M., R.P.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christy L Erving
- Vanderbilt University (C.L.E.), Department of Sociology, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, 201E Garland Hall, Nashville, TN, 37235-1811, USA
| | - Rachel Parker
- Department of Biostatistics (R.J.M., R.P.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Miriam E Van Dyke
- Department of Epidemiology (I.I.M., D.A.J., M.E.V.D., V.V., T.T.L.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology (I.I.M., D.A.J., M.E.V.D., V.V., T.T.L.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.V.), Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bianca Booker
- Department of Epidemiology (I.I.M., D.A.J., M.E.V.D., V.V., T.T.L.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Renee H Moore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.H.M), Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tené T Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology (I.I.M., D.A.J., M.E.V.D., V.V., T.T.L.), Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Hughes AJ, Gunn H, Siengsukon C, Stearns MA, James E, Donley T, Grandner MA, Thomas SJ, Hansen K, Williams NJ. Eliminating Sleep Health Disparities and Achieving Health Equity: Seven Areas for Action in the Behavioral Sleep Medicine Community. Behav Sleep Med 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36573844 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2149523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Racial and ethnically minoritized and under-resourced populations do not reap the same benefits of sufficient sleep as their white counterparts resulting in insufficient sleep and sleep health disparities. Research exploring these disparities have documented a plethora of factors including social determinants of health, community violence, and structural issues - all of which are associated with adverse sleep. There are robust evidence base behavioral intervention that can be leveraged to improve sleep health among racial and ethnic groups. However, EBIs are not well leveraged. In 2021, with participation from members of the society of behavioral sleep medicine, we conducted this report to bring together the field of behavioral sleep medicine including researchers, clinicians and trainees to discuss gaps and opportunities at the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic, systemic racism, and sleep health. The goals were anchored around seven recommendations toward reducing disparities in the near-term and longer-term approaches to eliminating disparities. Furthermore, we acknowledge that reducing and eliminating disparities in sleep health requires a multifaceted approach that includes a focus on individual, community, health care and societal levels of influence with participation from diverse partners including federal, state and local.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey J Hughes
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Gunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama College Store, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Catherine Siengsukon
- Health and Wellness Lab, University of Kansas Medical Center School of Health Professions, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Melanie A Stearns
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Elisabeth James
- Sleep Medicine Services, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Tiffany Donley
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona Department of Neuroscience, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - S Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kathryn Hansen
- Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine, National Office, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Natasha J Williams
- Institue for Excellence in Health Equity, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
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Hokett E, Arunmozhi A, Campbell J, Duarte A. Factors that protect against poor sleep quality in an adult lifespan sample of non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:949364. [PMID: 36591091 PMCID: PMC9798098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress in relation to the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic (i.e., COVID-19, COVID stress) may be linked with poor sleep quality. The association between stress that is specific to the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep quality has been understudied, particularly in racially diverse people across the adult lifespan. Here, we investigated self-reported sleep quality in relation to COVID stress and factors that may protect against experiencing poor sleep quality from high COVID stress, including social support and religiosity. Method We recruited non-Hispanic Black (n = 73) and non-Hispanic White (n = 178) participants across the adult lifespan (18-76 years) using an online, cross-sectional design during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2021-June 2021). We asked participants to report information regarding demographics (age, race/ethnicity, years of education), sleep (sleep quality, sleep habits), and positive (social support, religious activities) and negative (events of discrimination, depression, general stress, COVID stress) psychosocial factors. Results Across age and racial groups, better sleep habits were associated with better sleep quality, and higher COVID stress was linked to poorer sleep quality. Black participants reported higher quality sleep than White participants (p = 0.006). They also endorsed greater private and internal religiosity (p's < 0.001). Across racial groups, moderation analyses revealed a protective effect of religiosity against poor sleep (p's < 0.006). Specifically, individuals with high religious activity and high COVID stress did not experience poor sleep quality, but individuals with low religious activity and high COVID stress demonstrated poor sleep quality. These results remained significant when controlling for general stress. Discussion Protective factors, such as religiosity, may mitigate the negative associations between high COVID stress and poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hokett
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Emily Hokett,
| | - Aditi Arunmozhi
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jessica Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Audrey Duarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Selvarajah S, Corona Maioli S, Deivanayagam TA, de Morais Sato P, Devakumar D, Kim SS, Wells JC, Yoseph M, Abubakar I, Paradies Y. Racism, xenophobia, and discrimination: mapping pathways to health outcomes. Lancet 2022; 400:2109-2124. [PMID: 36502849 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the inevitability of increased mortality and morbidity associated with particular ethnicities and minoritised groups. In refuting that racial categories have a genetic basis and acknowledging that socioeconomic factors offer incomplete explanations in understanding these health disparities, we examine the pathways by which discrimination based on caste, ethnicity, Indigeneity, migratory status, race, religion, and skin colour affect health. Discrimination based on these categories, although having many unique historical and cultural contexts, operates in the same way, with overlapping pathways and health effects. We synthesise how such discrimination affects health systems, spatial determination, and communities, and how these processes manifest at the individual level, across the life course, and intergenerationally. We explore how individuals respond to and internalise these complex mechanisms psychologically, behaviourally, and physiologically. The evidence shows that racism, xenophobia, and discrimination affect a range of health outcomes across all ages around the world, and remain embedded within the universal challenges we face, from COVID-19 to the climate emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Selvarajah
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; St George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | | | - Thilagawathi Abi Deivanayagam
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Delan Devakumar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Marcella Yoseph
- Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yin Paradies
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Discrimination and Health Among First-Generation Hispanic/Latinx Immigrants: the Roles of Sleep and Fatigue. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:2105-2116. [PMID: 34606072 PMCID: PMC10168626 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing literature documents the associations between discrimination and health. Emerging evidence suggests that among Hispanic/Latinx immigrants, discrimination leads to the deterioration of health outcomes over time. While sleep has been proposed as an important mediator of the relationship between discrimination and health, few studies have explicitly investigated this pathway, particularly among Hispanic/Latinx populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between racial/ethnic discrimination, sleep, and physical and mental health among Hispanic/Latinx immigrants in the USA. Data and Methods Using data from a parent study of first-generation Hispanic/Latinx immigrants in the southeastern USA, we conducted sequential mediation analyses using the bootstrapping method to investigate whether self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality, and fatigue mediate the relationship(s) between self-reported discrimination, as measured by the discrimination subscale of the Riverside Acculturative Stress Inventory, and self-reported physical and mental health. RESULTS Nocturnal awakenings, fatigue, and sleep quality were statistically significant sequential mediators of the relationship between discrimination and physical health (b = -.001, SE = .001, CI [-.0027, -.0001]); fatigue alone also mediated this relationship (b = -.01, SE = .01, CI [-.0279, -.0003]). Nocturnal awakenings, fatigue, and sleep quality were also significant sequential mediators of the relationship between discrimination and mental health (b = -.001, SE = .001, CI [-.0031, -.0001]). CONCLUSION Sleep and fatigue play an important role in linking discrimination and health among first-generation Hispanic/Latinx immigrants. The development and implementation of interventions that focus on reducing fatigue among this population could mitigate the effects of unfair treatment on health outcomes.
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71
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Cohen MF, Corwin EJ, Johnson DA, Amore AD, Brown AL, Barbee NR, Brennan PA, Dunlop AL. Discrimination is associated with poor sleep quality in pregnant Black American women. Sleep Med 2022; 100:39-48. [PMID: 36007430 PMCID: PMC9709719 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination is associated with poorer sleep health among non-pregnant adults. This relationship has received limited research attention among pregnant women, despite the importance of prenatal sleep quality for optimal maternal and child health outcomes. METHODS We utilized perinatal data from a sample of Black American women (n = 600) participating in a cohort study who reported their lifetime experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and gendered racial stress during early pregnancy and reported on their sleep quality and depressive symptoms during early and mid-pregnancy. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were fit to examine associations between lifetime experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination or gendered racial stress and sleep quality during early and mid-pregnancy. We also adjusted for women's concurrent depressive symptoms and tested whether the discrimination/sleep quality association varied by socioeconomic status. RESULTS Greater exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with poorer sleep quality during early (ΔR2 = 0.04, ΔF = 26.08, p < 0.001) and mid-pregnancy (ΔR2 = 0.02, ΔF = 9.88, p = 0.002). Similarly, greater gendered racial stress was associated with poorer sleep quality during early (ΔR2 = 0.10, ΔF = 65.72, p < 0.001) and mid-pregnancy (ΔR2 = 0.06, ΔF = 40.43, p < 0.001. These findings largely held after adjustment for concurrent prenatal depressive symptoms. Socioeconomic status did not modify the observed relationships. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to decrease institutional and interpersonal experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and gendered racism would benefit the sleep quality of pregnant Black American women, particularly during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dayna A Johnson
- Emory University Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, United States
| | - Alexis Dunn Amore
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, United States
| | - April L Brown
- Emory University Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Nia R Barbee
- Emory University Department of Psychology, United States
| | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, United States
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Farmer HR, Slavish DC, Ruiz J, Dietch JR, Ruggero CJ, Messman BA, Kelly K, Kohut M, Taylor DJ. Racial/ethnic variations in inflammatory markers: exploring the role of sleep duration and sleep efficiency. J Behav Med 2022; 45:855-867. [PMID: 36029411 PMCID: PMC10062430 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals from minoritized racial/ethnic groups have higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain understudied. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic variations in multiple markers of inflammation and whether impaired sleep contributes to these racial/ethnic differences. Nurses from two regional hospitals in Texas (n = 377; 71.62% White; 6.90% Black; 11.14% Hispanic, 10.34% Asian; mean age = 39.46; 91.78% female) completed seven days of sleep diaries and actigraphy to assess mean and variability in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). On day 7, blood was drawn to assess 4 inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results from regression models showed differences in inflammatory markers by race/ethnicity, adjusting for age and gender. The associations between sleep parameters and inflammatory markers also varied by race/ethnicity. Among White nurses, lower mean and greater variability in actigraphy-determined TST and greater variability in diary-determined TST were associated with higher levels of IL-6. Among Black nurses, lower mean diary-determined SE was associated with higher levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. Among Hispanic nurses, greater diary-determined mean TST was associated with higher CRP. Among Asian nurses, greater intraindividual variability in actigraphy-determined SE was associated with lower CRP. Among nurses, we did not find racial/ethnic disparities in levels of inflammation. However, analyses revealed differential relationships between sleep and inflammatory markers by race/ethnicity. Results highlight the importance of using a within-group approach to understand predictors of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Farmer
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - John Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica R Dietch
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Brett A Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Marian Kohut
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Burke S, Grudzien A, Li T, Abril M, Spadola C, Barnes C, Hanson K, Grandner M, DeKosky S. Correlations between sleep disturbance and brain structures associated with neurodegeneration in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 106:204-212. [PMID: 35970678 PMCID: PMC9671822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to 1) determine the association between sleep disturbance and brain structure volumes, 2) the moderation effect of apolipoprotein ε4 genotype on sleep disturbance and brain structures, and 3) the moderation effect of sleep disturbance on cognitive status and regional brain volumes. Using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (n = 1,533), multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between sleep disturbance and brain volumes. Sleep disturbance was measured using one question from the NPI-Q. After controlling for intracranial volume, age, sex, years of education, race, ethnicity, and applying the FDR correction, total cerebrospinal fluid volume, left lateral ventricle volume, total lateral ventricle volume, and total third ventricle volume demonstrated significantly higher means for those with sleep disturbance. Total brain volume, total white and gray matter volume, total cerebrum brain volume (including gray but not white matter), left hippocampus volume, total hippocampal volume, the left, right, and total frontal lobe cortical gray matter volume, and the left, right, and total temporal lobe cortical gray matter volume demonstrated significantly lower mean volumes for those with sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance moderated the association between cognitive status and lateral ventricular volumes. These findings suggest that disrupted sleep is associated with atrophy across multiple brain regions and ventricular hydrocephalus ex vacuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Burke
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St. Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Adrienne Grudzien
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St. Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Marlou Abril
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Christine Spadola
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper Street, Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019-0129, United States.
| | - Christopher Barnes
- Clinical and Translational Science Informatics and Technology, University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Kevin Hanson
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Integrated Data Repository, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Michael Grandner
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinic, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002, United States.
| | - Steven DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, Aerts-Cosper Professor of Alzheimer's Research, Associate Director, 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Center, Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, United States.
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Eom YJ, Lee H, Kim R, Choo S, Yi H, Kim SS. Discrimination keeps transgender people awake at night: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 583 transgender adults in South Korea. Sleep Health 2022; 8:580-586. [PMID: 36050274 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the association between transgender identity discrimination and sleep problems among transgender people in South Korea (hereafter, Korea), and whether family support for transgender identity plays a protective role in the association. DESIGN & SETTING We analyzed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 583 Korean transgender adults which was anonymously conducted through an online platform. MEASUREMENTS Transgender identity discrimination was assessed using a single-item question. Sleep problems were defined as having any of the following problems: poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, and use of alcohol or sleep medications to fall asleep. Family support for transgender identity was classified into 3 groups as follows: not supportive, supportive, and unaware of participants' transgender identity. RESULTS Of 583 participants, 383 (65.7%) experienced transgender identity discrimination over the past 12 months. Participants who experienced transgender identity discrimination were 1.48 times (95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 1.19-1.83) more likely to have any sleep problems, compared to those who never experienced transgender identity discrimination. When stratified by family support level, the associations between transgender identity discrimination and sleep problems remained statistically significant only among those with a family unsupportive (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.16-2.31) or unaware (aPR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.01-2.52) of participants' transgender identity. However, the association was not statistically significant among those with a supportive family (aPR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.96-2.07). CONCLUSION Given transphobic environments in Korea, legal and institutional efforts are required to reduce transgender identity discrimination (eg, anti-discrimination laws) as well as to build trans-specific family resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Eom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Jeju Institute of Public Health & Health Policy, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ranyeong Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsub Choo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Horim Yi
- Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Maryland, USA.
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75
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Perceived stress, recent stressors, and distress in relation to sleep disturbance and duration among middle-aged and older Asian immigrants. Sleep Health 2022; 9:211-217. [PMID: 36572577 PMCID: PMC10122696 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of perceived stress, stressors, and distress with sleep disturbance and duration among Asian immigrants. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The sample included 400 Asian immigrants aged 50-75 years old recruited from primary care physicians' clinics. METHODS We fit multivariable regression models to examine the associations of perceived stress, stressors, and distress with self-reported sleep disturbance and duration. We tested effect modifications by language proficiency, years in the United States, acculturative stress, and social support. RESULTS A total of 73 (18.3%) participants reported any sleep disturbance, and the average time in bed was 7.25 hours (SD = 1.17). Higher perceived stress (PR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.26), stressors (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.59), and distress (PR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.57) were associated with a higher prevalence of any sleep disturbance. These associations were not modified by language proficiency, years in the United States, acculturative stress, and social support. On the other hand, the associations of perceived stress and distress with time in bed were modified by years in the United States. Specifically, higher levels of distress were associated with shorter times in bed only among adults who have resided in the United States for less than 10 years. CONCLUSION Perceived stress, stressors, and distress were associated with a higher prevalence of sleep disturbance. Moreover, perceived stress and distress had stronger associations with times in bed among recent immigrants. Future sleep health research in Asian Americans should consider the important role of stress and distress, especially among recent immigrants.
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76
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Choo S, Kim R, Lee H, Yi H, Kim R, Kim SS. Association between discrimination and poor sleep health outcomes among 2192 South Korean gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Sleep Health 2022; 8:587-592. [PMID: 36220734 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the prevalence of poor sleep health outcomes and examine the associations between experiences of discrimination and the sleep health outcomes among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in Korea. DESIGN & SETTING The study used data from Rainbow Connection Project I, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of Korean LGB adults, conducted via online in 2016. MEASUREMENTS Participants were asked about experiences of anti-LGB discrimination and discrimination based on other characteristics (ie, gender, age, place of origin, nationality/race, religion, appearance including height and weight, disability status, and other) in the past 12 months. Using the responses, the participants were categorized into 4 groups: those who experienced (1) none, (2) only anti-LGB discrimination, (3) only other types of discrimination, and (4) both anti-LGB and other types of discrimination. Past-week sleep quality, unrestful sleep, and long sleep latency were included as sleep health outcomes. RESULTS Of the 2192 participants, 740 (33.8%) had poor sleep quality, 1211 (55.2%) had unrestful sleep, and 681 (31.1%) had long sleep latency in the past week. Participants who experienced both anti-LGB and other types of discrimination had 1.65 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-1.98), 1.30 times (95% CI = 1.16-1.45), and 1.58 times (95% CI = 1.31-1.90) higher prevalence of poor sleep quality, unrestful sleep, and long sleep latency, respectively, compared to those without any experiences of discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing discrimination may deprive Korean LGB adults of good quality sleep. Interventions that seek to prevent discrimination are needed to promote sleep health among Korean LGB individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsub Choo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ranyeong Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Jeju Institute of Public Health & Health Policy, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Horim Yi
- Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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77
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Philippens N, Janssen E, Kremers S, Crutzen R. Determinants of natural adult sleep: An umbrella review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277323. [PMID: 36342936 PMCID: PMC9639822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep has a major impact on health, which makes it a relevant topic for research and health practitioners. Research on sleep determinants, i.e. factors that positively or negatively influence sleep, is fragmented. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide an overview of the current evidence on determinants of natural adult sleep. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on determinants of sleep. Reviews and meta-analyses on natural adult sleep were included. Six electronic databases (PubMed, WoS, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Cochrane) were used for the search, last accessed September 2021. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. Results were categorized in four main categories: biological, behavioral, environmental and personal/socio-economical determinants. RESULTS In total 93 reviews and meta-analyses resulted in a total of 30 identified determinants. The impact of each determinant differs per individual and per situation. Each determinant was found to affect different sleep parameters and the relationship with sleep is influenced by both generic and specific moderators. DISCUSSION A comprehensive overview on relevant sleep determinants provides a practical and scientifically based starting point to identify relevant intervention approaches to secure or improve individual sleep quality. The difference in aggregation level of the determinants and in measurement methods are the major limitations of this umbrella review. Extending existing generic sleep hygiene rules with an overview of all types of potential determinants will enhance the awareness of the complexity and can be used to improve the effect of sleep interventions in health promotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION The umbrella review was registered with PROSPERO (registration ID CRD42020149648) https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=CRD42020149648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Philippens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ester Janssen
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI, Care & Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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78
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Volpert-Esmond HI, Landor AM, Bartholow BD. Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221131029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experiences of racial discrimination significantly contribute to both mental and physical health outcomes. In this mixed-methods study, we examine both the immediate and delayed effect of discrimination experienced in daily life. Black students at a predominantly White university reported instances of racial discrimination, affect, anxiety, and depression several times per day over 4 weeks ( N = 114); this was followed by qualitative focus groups ( N = 25). Reporting an instance of discrimination corresponded with an acute decline in psychological wellbeing (higher negative affect, anxiety, and depression), consistent with previous work. However, this effect did not carry forward to later assessments during the same day or the following day as expected. Instead, positive affect temporarily increased in the hours following experiences of discrimination. Qualitative focus groups revealed social support, emotional reflection and processing, and feelings of taking action as important factors contributing to this bump in positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoinette M. Landor
- Department of Human Development and Family sciences, University of Missouri, USA
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79
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Dolsen EA, Byers AL, Flentje A, Goulet JL, Jasuja GK, Lynch KE, Maguen S, Neylan TC. Sleep disturbance and suicide risk among sexual and gender minority people. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100488. [PMID: 36164391 PMCID: PMC9508603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance has emerged as an independent, mechanistic, and modifiable risk factor for suicide. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people disproportionately experience sleep disturbance and are at higher risk of death by suicide relative to cisgender and/or heterosexual individuals. The present narrative review evaluates nascent research related to sleep disturbance and suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among SGM populations, and discusses how experiences of minority stress may explain heightened risk among SGM people. Although there is a growing understanding of the link between sleep disturbance and STBs, most research has not been conducted in SGM populations or has not examined suicide as an outcome. Research is needed to examine whether and how aspects of sleep disturbances relate to STBs among SGM people in order to better tailor sleep treatments for SGM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Dolsen
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy L Byers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annesa Flentje
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joseph L Goulet
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guneet K Jasuja
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine E Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shira Maguen
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
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80
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Dasari SS, Archer M, Mohamed NE, Tewari AK, Figueiro MG, Kyprianou N. Circadian Rhythm Disruption as a Contributor to Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205116. [PMID: 36291899 PMCID: PMC9600368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, African American (AA) men have a 2.4 times higher mortality rate due to prostate cancer than White men. The multifactorial causes of the racial disparities in prostate cancer involve various social determinants of health, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare. However, emerging evidence also suggests that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) contributes to prostate cancer, and AA men may be more susceptible to developing CRDs. Circadian rhythms play a significant role in metabolism, hormone secretion, and sleep/wake cycles. Disruption in these circadian rhythms can be caused by airplane travel/jetlag, night shift work, exposure to light, and neighborhood noise levels, which can contribute to sleep disorders and chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression. The drivers of the racial disparities in CRD include night shift work, racial discrimination, elevated stress, and residing in poor neighborhoods characterized by high noise pollution. Given the increased vulnerability of AA men to CRDs, and the role that CRDs play in prostate cancer, elucidating the clock-related prostate cancer pathways and their behavior and environmental covariates may be critical to better understanding and reducing the racial disparities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S. Dasari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maddison Archer
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nihal E. Mohamed
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K. Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mariana G. Figueiro
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (N.K.)
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81
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Zhang L, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Lin Z, Ouyang X, Zhao F, Alegría M. Association of everyday discrimination with health outcomes among Asian and non-Asian US older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:953155. [PMID: 36339195 PMCID: PMC9627216 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in anti-Asian COVID-19 related discriminatory behaviors have been observed, many of which targeted older adults. Studies demonstrate that racial discrimination is associated with worse health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and sleep difficulties. No previous studies have examined the impact of day-to-day experiences of discrimination before and during COVID-19 on both Asian and non-Asian older adults within the same sample. We examined whether everyday discrimination was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, decreased levels of functioning, and increased sleep difficulties among Asian and non-Asian US older adults before and during the pandemic. Data came from the Positive Minds-Strong Bodies randomized clinical trial, an evidence-based mental health and disability prevention intervention for racially and ethnically diverse older adults with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms and minor to moderate disability. We conducted secondary data analyses in a cohort of 165 older adults (56 Asian and 109 non-Asian) assessed before COVID-19 (May 2015-May 2018) and during COVID-19 (March 2021-July 2022). Regression models examined whether everyday discrimination impacted health outcomes differently before and during COVID-19, and whether this effect was stronger among Asian compared to non-Asian older adults. Non-Asian older adults reported the same levels of everyday discrimination before and during COVID-19. Consistent with literature suggesting that social distancing has inadvertently kept US Asian populations from experiencing discrimination, Asian older adults reported marginally lower levels of everyday discrimination during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic. We found that everyday discrimination was not associated with health outcomes before COVID-19. In contrast, during the pandemic, everyday discrimination was associated with worse anxiety and depression symptoms and worse levels of functioning, although only the impact on depression was significantly stronger compared with before the pandemic. This negative impact of everyday discrimination on health outcomes during the pandemic appeared to affect both Asian and non-Asian older adults similarly. Social support and social cohesion buffered against the negative effect of everyday discrimination on depression and level of functioning during the pandemic. Results suggest that public health interventions aimed at reducing everyday discrimination and emphasizing social support and cohesion can potentially improve health outcomes for all US older adult populations. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT02317432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mario Cruz-Gonzalez
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinyi Ouyang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fengnuan Zhao
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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82
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Rabinowitz JA, An Y, He L, Alfini AJ, Zipunnikov V, Wu MN, Wanigatunga SK, Schrack JA, Jackson CL, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Resnick SM, Spira AP. Associations of circadian rest/activity rhythms with cognition in middle-aged and older adults: Demographic and genetic interactions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952204. [PMID: 36312032 PMCID: PMC9597505 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Wrist actigraphs (accelerometers) can record motor activity over multiple days and nights. The resulting data can be used to quantify 24-h activity profiles, known as circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs). Actigraphic CRARs have been tied to cognitive performance and decline in older adults; however, little is known about links between CRARs and performance or change in specific cognitive domains, or how individual differences may influence these associations. We investigated associations of actigraphic CRARs with cognitive performance and change in middle-aged and older adults, and explored whether age, sex/gender, race, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 carrier status moderated these associations. Materials and methods Participants (N = 422; 47% male) were cognitively healthy adults (i.e., without mild cognitive impairment or dementia) at baseline aged ≥ 50 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed 5.6 ± 0.89 nights of wrist actigraphy and tests of memory, executive function, attention, language, and visuospatial ability at the same visit the actigraph was issued; 292 participants had repeat cognitive testing 3.12 (1.58) years later. Predictors included indices of rhythm strength [i.e., amplitude; relative amplitude (RA); interdaily stability (IS); mesor], delayed timing of the rhythm peak [i.e., later acrophase; midpoint of an individual's least active 5 h (L5 time); midpoint of an individual's most active 10 h (M10 time)], and fragmentation [i.e., intradaily variability (IV)]. Results In main effects, later L5 time was cross sectionally associated with poorer memory, and greater IS predicted slower longitudinal memory decline. Associations of CRARs with cognition differed as a function of age, sex/gender, race, and APOE e4 carrier status. Conclusion Among middle-aged and older adults, delayed circadian phase is associated with poorer memory performance, and greater day-to-day rhythm stability is associated with slower declines in memory. Significant interactions suggest that CRARs are generally more strongly associated with cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline among women, Black adults, older individuals, and APOE e4 carriers. Replication in independent samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang An
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Linchen He
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfonso J. Alfini
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark N. Wu
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah K. Wanigatunga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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83
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Otto MW, Lubin RE, Rosenfield D, Taylor DJ, Birk JL, Espie CA, Shechter A, Edmondson D, Shepherd JM, Zvolensky MJ. The association between race- and ethnicity-related stressors and sleep: the role of rumination and anxiety sensitivity. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac117. [PMID: 35639820 PMCID: PMC9548665 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the association between psychosocial factors and self-reported sleep duration and two indices of sleep quality in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adults. We investigated the relations between both rumination and anxiety sensitivity with these self-reported sleep outcomes. We also examined rumination and anxiety sensitivity as moderators of three race- and ethnicity-related stressors: discrimination, acculturative stress, and socioeconomic status. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we assessed 1326 adults (ages 18-48 years) selected for self-reported racial and ethnic minority status. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between demographic, social/environmental stressors, depression severity, rumination, and anxiety sensitivity and three sleep outcomes: sleep duration, sleep quality subscale, and global sleep quality. RESULTS Our findings supported the hypothesized role of rumination as an amplification factor for the influence of race- and ethnicity-related stressors on sleep duration and quality. Rumination was associated with all three sleep outcomes (sleep duration, sleep quality subscale, and global sleep quality) and was a moderator of the associations between discrimination and all 3 sleep outcomes. Anxiety sensitivity was not consistently associated with these sleep outcomes. Depression symptoms did not account for these findings. CONCLUSIONS If confirmed in longitudinal study, our findings introduce a potentially important treatment target-rumination-for addressing sleep disparities in prevention or intervention models. Rumination appears to amplify the negative sleep consequences of race- and ethnicity-related stressors and is a modifiable treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Otto
- Corresponding author. Michael W. Otto, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900E Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA, 02215. E-mail:
| | - Rebecca E Lubin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Birk
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ari Shechter
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald Edmondson
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX,USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX,USA
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84
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Brownlow BN. How Racism "Gets Under the Skin": An Examination of the Physical- and Mental-Health Costs of Culturally Compelled Coping. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 18:576-596. [PMID: 36179058 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Historically and contemporarily, Black Americans have been compelled to use effortful coping styles characterized by high behavioral and emotional restraint in the face of systematic racism. Lynch and colleagues have previously conceptualized a class of regulatory strategies-overcontrolled coping-characterized by emotional suppression, hypervigilance for threat, and high distress tolerance, which bear close analogy to coping styles frequently used among individuals facing chronic racial stress. However, given the inherent culture of racism in the United States, engaging in highly controlled coping strategies is often necessitated and adaptive, at least in the short term. Thus, for Black Americans this class of coping strategies is conceptualized as culturally compelled coping rather than overcontrolled coping. In the current article, I offer a critical examination of the literature and introduce a novel theoretical model-culturally compelled coping-that culturally translates selected components of Lynch's model. Cultural translation refers to considering how the meaning, function, and consequences of using overcontrolled coping strategies changes when considering how Black Americans exist and cope within a culture of systematic racism. Importantly, this model may offer broad implications for future research and treatment by contextualizing emotion regulation as a central mechanism, partially answering how racism "gets under the skin" and affects the health of Black Americans.
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85
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Khan M, Stone A, Soose RJ, Cohen SM, Howard J, Capasso R, Itayem D, Gillespie MB, Mehra R, Chio E, Strollo PJ, Menzl A, Kaplan A, Ni Q. Does race-ethnicity affect upper airway stimulation adherence and treatment outcome of obstructive sleep apnea? J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:2167-2172. [PMID: 35681251 PMCID: PMC9435342 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased quality of life, and cardiovascular disease. Positive airway pressure is the first-line therapy for OSA; however, adherence is difficult. Upper airway stimulation is a Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment of OSA. The objective of this study was to evaluate for a difference in treatment efficacy and adherence of upper airway stimulation therapy for OSA between individuals who are White and non-White using data from the ADHERE registry. METHODS ADHERE registry is a multicenter prospective study of real-world experience of upper airway stimulation for treatment of OSA in the United States and Europe. Propensity score matching was used to create a balanced dataset between the White and non-White groups. t-Tests at a significance level of 5% were used to compare numeric values between groups. RESULTS There were 2,755 participants of the ADHERE registry: 27 were excluded due to not having a race identified, 125 participants identified as non-White, 2,603 identify as White, and 27 did not provide race information. Propensity score matching was used to select 110 participants, with 55 White and 55 non-White for the noninferiority analysis. We did not find a difference in adherence, treatment apnea-hypopnea index, changes in Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, or clinical global impression after intervention score between White and non-White individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that there was no statistically significant difference in adherence or efficacy with upper airway stimulation therapy between White and non-White individuals. However, the percent of non-White people implanted is low, which suggests a need to expand access to this therapy for non-White populations with OSA who cannot tolerate positive airway pressure therapy. CITATION Khan M, Stone A, Soose RJ, et al. Does race-ethnicity affect upper airway stimulation adherence and treatment outcome of obstructive sleep apnea? J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(9):2167-2172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andre Stone
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan J Soose
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Javier Howard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robson Capasso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Deeyar Itayem
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - M Boyd Gillespie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Reena Mehra
- Sleep Disorders Center, Neurologic Institute, Respiratory Institute, Heart and Vascular Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eugene Chio
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patrick J Strollo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Menzl
- Inspire Medical Systems, Golden Valley, Minnesota
| | - Adam Kaplan
- Inspire Medical Systems, Golden Valley, Minnesota
| | - Quan Ni
- Inspire Medical Systems, Golden Valley, Minnesota
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86
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Christophe NK, Martin Romero MY, Stein GL. Examining the promotive versus the protective impact of culturally informed shift-&-persist coping in the context of discrimination, anxiety, and health behaviors. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2829-2844. [PMID: 35050503 PMCID: PMC9296692 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to better understand how racially/ethnically minoritized youth exhibit adaptive psychological functioning (less anxiety) and health behaviors (better sleep and less binge drinking) in the context of discrimination, ethnic-racial identity and coping. Among 364 minoritized emerging adults (Mage = 18.79, 85.2% female), we utilized higher-order factor analysis to examine how culturally informed shift-&-persist (S&P), a higher-order construct explaining associations between coping factors (shift, persist, spiritually based coping, civic engagement), and ethnic-racial identity were related to anxiety, binge drinking, and sleep in the context of discrimination. Culturally informed S&P promoted better sleep and less anxiety controlling for discrimination. No significant effects were observed for binge drinking and no moderated effects were observed across outcomes. The harmful effect of discrimination on sleep was intensified for those with stronger ethnic-racial identities. The promotive and potentially protective effects of culturally informed S&P coping differs across mental health and health behavior outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Keita Christophe
- Department of PsychologyWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michelle Y. Martin Romero
- Department of Public Health EducationUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gabriela L. Stein
- Department of PsychologyThe University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
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87
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Danyluck C, Blair IV, Manson SM, Laudenslager ML, Daugherty SL, Brondolo E. Discrimination and Sleep Impairment in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:969-976. [PMID: 34864832 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep impairment may be a key pathway through which discrimination undermines health. Links between discrimination and sleep in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have not been established. Further, it is unclear if such links might depend on the timing of discrimination or if socioeconomic status (SES) might buffer the impact of discrimination. PURPOSE To investigate associations between interpersonal discrimination and sleep impairment in urban AI/AN, for both lifetime and recent discrimination, and controlling for other life stressors. Education and income, indices of SES, were tested as potential moderators. METHODS A community sample of urban AI/AN (N = 303, 18-78 years old, 63% female) completed self-report measures of sleep impairment, lifetime and recent discrimination, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, other life stressors (childhood adversity and past year major events), and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Lifetime discrimination was associated with impaired sleep in AI/AN after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, recent depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and other life stressors. Past-week discrimination was associated with sleep in unadjusted but not adjusted models. Education, but not income, was found to buffer the effects of both lifetime and past-week discrimination on sleep in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Lifetime discrimination uniquely accounts for sleep impairment and may be especially harmful in those with less education. These findings suggest targeting interventions to those most in need. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the data. Longitudinal and qualitative work is needed to understand how education may buffer the effects of discrimination on sleep and perhaps other health problems in AI/AN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spero M Manson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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88
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Maher JP, Batts M, Rebar AL, Mead MP, Zaplatosch ME, Hevel DJ, Adams WM, McGuirt JT. Bidirectional Relations Between Daily Stress and Sleep Among Black Emerging Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1089-1100. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Black adults experience higher levels of stress and more dysfunctional sleep patterns compared to their White peers, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in chronic health conditions. Dysfunctional sleep patterns are also more likely in emerging adults compared to other age groups. Daily stress–sleep relations in Black emerging adults are understudied.
Purpose
This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wrist-worn actigraphy to examine bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep among Black emerging adults.
Methods
Black college freshmen (N = 50) completed an EMA protocol (i.e., five EMA prompts/day) and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The first EMA prompt of each day assessed sleep duration and quality. All EMA prompts assessed stress. Wrist-worn actigraphy assessed nocturnal sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and waking after sleep onset.
Results
At the within-person level, stress experienced on a given day was not associated with any sleep metrics that night (p > .05). On evenings when actigraphy-based sleep duration was shorter (B = −0.02, p = .01) and self-reported sleep quality was poorer (B = −0.12, p = .02) than usual, stress was greater the following day. At the between-person level, negative bidirectional relations existed between stress and actigraphy-based waking after sleep onset (stress predicting sleep: B = −0.35, p = .02; sleep predicting stress: B = −0.27, p = .04).
Conclusions
Among Black emerging adults, associations between daily sleep and stress vary at the between- and within-person level and are dependent upon the sleep metric assessed. Future research should compare these relations across different measures of stress and different racial/ethnic groups to better understand health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - Marcus Batts
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, Queensland , Australia
| | - Michael P Mead
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Mitchell E Zaplatosch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - Derek J Hevel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - William M Adams
- Division of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee , Colorado Springs, CO , USA
| | - Jared T McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
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89
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Extreme racism-related events and poor sleep in African-American women. Soc Sci Med 2022; 310:115269. [PMID: 36041238 PMCID: PMC9598673 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Much of the research linking racism-related stressors to poor health has focused on fairly non-violent forms of racism that directly impact individuals under study. Exposure to particularly extreme and/or violent racist events are increasingly visible via smartphone recordings and social media, with consistent anecdotal reports of the effects of seeing and hearing about these events on sleep among minorities who racially identify with the victims. OBJECTIVE This study examines whether exposure to direct and vicarious racism-related events (RREs), including more extreme events, are associated with sleep quality. Additionally, we examine effects of less and more violent direct RREs and vicarious RREs witnessed in person and via social media. METHODS Among 422 African-American women, we assessed exposure to RREs using a modified version of the Race-Related Events Scale and assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Linear regression analyses were used to model continuous global sleep. RESULTS Direct (β = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.35]) RREs were associated with worse continuous global sleep quality scores in analyses adjusted for sociodemographics and risk factors for poor sleep. More violent direct RREs (β = 0.59 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.89]) had stronger associations with poor sleep quality than less violent direct RREs (β = 0.25 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.40]). Vicarious RREs overall (β = 0.04 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.21]) and those witnessed via social media (β = -0.07 [95% CI: 0.29, 0.14]) were not associated with global sleep quality; conversely, vicarious RREs witnessed in person were (β = 0.52 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.83]). CONCLUSION Extreme, direct experiences of racism, particularly those that are violent in nature, are associated with poor sleep quality. However, extreme vicarious experiences are not-- unless witnessed in person.
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90
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Dai JD, Levine CS. I Am Not A Virus: Status-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Sleep Among East Asian People in the United States During COVID-19. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022; 14:395-406. [PMID: 36969090 PMCID: PMC10031274 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 spread in the United States, anti-East Asian bias increased. This article aimed to (1) show that thinking about COVID-19 heightened East Asian individuals’ anxious expectations of discrimination and (2) explore these expectations’ health correlates. Specifically, the paper focused on COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity, defined as (1) East Asian individuals’ expectations of rejection due to the stereotype that they spread the virus and (2) high levels of anxiety about this possibility. Study 1 ( N = 412) showed that reminders of COVID-19 increased COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity among Chinese citizens living in the United States and East Asian Americans, but not Americans of other races. Study 2 ( N = 473) demonstrated that East Asian people who habitually focused on COVID-19 experienced greater COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity and, in turn, greater sleep difficulties. Thus, societal-level shifts that target minoritized groups may increase minoritized group members’ concerns about discrimination in ways that undermine their health.
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91
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The Association between Perceived Discrimination and Mental Health of Wage Workers with Disabilities: Findings from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled 2016–2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148541. [PMID: 35886393 PMCID: PMC9315958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to integrate society, persons with disabilities (PWD) still experience considerable discrimination. Therefore, this study examined the association between experiences of discrimination and stress/depressive symptoms in wage working PWD. This study used data from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled 2016–2018 in South Korea. This study included 1566 wage working PWD aged 15–64. The dependent variable was stress and depressive symptoms, and the independent variable was the experience of discrimination due to disability in daily life (Never, Rarely, Often, and Regularly) and the experience of discrimination at the workplace (0, 1, 2, ≥3). This study used a generalized estimating equations model to consider the repeated measurement data. Wage working PWD who experienced more discrimination in their daily life due to disability and at workplaces showed a higher odds ratio (OR) of stress and depressive symptoms than those who did not experience discrimination. As a result of the analysis including both discrimination experiences, those who always experienced discrimination due to disability in daily life had the highest OR to stress and depression (OR = 2.64, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.37–5.08; OR = 4.96, 95% CI: 2.58–9.56, respectively). According to the experience at workplaces, wage working PWD who faced discrimination by two factors (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.22–2.25) had the highest OR of stress, and those who experienced three or more factors had the highest OR of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.83–2.11). Discrimination due to disability in daily life was more associated with the mental distress of working PWD than discrimination at workplaces. For the mental health of working PWD, not only policies or systems to eliminate discrimination in the workplace, but also overall social integration efforts based on improving awareness, are needed so that they do not experience discrimination in their daily life.
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92
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He S, Ke XJ, Wu Y, Kong XY, Wang Y, Sun HQ, Xia DZ, Chen GH. The stigma of patients with chronic insomnia: a clinical study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:449. [PMID: 35790932 PMCID: PMC9254637 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to explore the stigma and related influencing factors in individuals with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). METHODS A total of 70 CID patients and 70 healthy controls (CON) were enrolled in the study. All subjects completed the assessments of sleep, emotion, and cognition. Their stigma and life quality were measured using the Chronic Stigma Scale and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS The ratio of individuals with stigma was significantly different between CID and CON groups (C2 = 35.6, p < 0.001). Compared with the CON group, the CID group had higher scores for total stigma (U = 662.0, p < 0.001), internalized stigma (U = 593.0, p < 0.001), enacted stigma (U = 1568.0, p < 0.001), PSQI (U = 2485.0, p < 0.001) and HAMD-17 (U = 69.5, p < 0.001) as well as lower scores for MoCA-C (U = 3997.5, p < 0.001) and most items of SF-36. Partial correlation analysis showed that different items of the Chronic Stigma Scale were positively correlated with illness duration, PSQI and HAMD-17 scores, while negatively correlated with one or more items of the SF-36. Multivariate regression analysis showed that illness duration and the Mental Health domain of the SF-36 were independent risk factors for one or more items of stigma in CID patients. CONCLUSION Patients with CID have an increased risk of stigma. Moreover, illness duration and Mental Health may be primary factors related to stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo He
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000 Chaohu China
| | - Xue-Jia Ke
- grid.477985.00000 0004 1757 6137Department of Geriatrics, Hefei First People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230092 China
| | - Yan Wu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000 Chaohu China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000 Chaohu China
| | - Yun Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000 Chaohu China
| | - Hui-Qin Sun
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Chaohu, China.
| | - Deng-Zhi Xia
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Chaohu, China.
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Chaohu, China.
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93
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Yip T, Xie M, Cham H, El Sheikh M. Linking ethnic/racial discrimination to adolescent mental health: Sleep disturbances as an explanatory pathway. Child Dev 2022; 93:973-994. [PMID: 35238024 PMCID: PMC9546209 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic/racial discrimination is associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, and this study considered sleep disturbance as a mediating pathway. Employing a combination of daily diary and biannual surveys, multilevel structural equation models estimated the indirect effects of sleep/wake concerns on negative, anxious, and positive mood, rumination, and somatic symptoms. In a sample of 350 urban Asian (74% Chinese, 8% Korean, 4% Indian, 1% Filipinx, 1% Vietnamese, and 12% other), Black, and Latinx (25% Dominican, 24% South American, 22% Mexican, 15% Puerto Rican, 5% Central American, and 9% other) youth (M = 14.27 years, 69% female, 77% U.S. born, 76% monoethnic/racial, data collected from 2015 to 2018), there was evidence for sleep disturbances mediating the impact of ethnic/racial discrimination on adjustment. Nighttime disturbance, daytime dysfunction, and daytime sleepiness evidenced partial or full mediation for daily- and person-level outcomes (υ = 0.1%-17.9%). Reciprocal associations between sleep disturbances and negative mood and rumination were also observed.
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94
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Nwanaji-Enwerem U, Condon EM, Conley S, Wang K, Iheanacho T, Redeker NS. Adapting the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework to understand the association between stigma and sleep deficiency: A systematic review. Sleep Health 2022; 8:334-345. [PMID: 35504839 PMCID: PMC9233012 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep deficiency and sleep disorders disproportionally affect socially disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups. Recent evidence suggests that stigma, a social process characterized by labeling, stereotyping, and prejudice, is associated with sleep characteristics. PURPOSE Guided by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, the purpose of this systematic review is to describe associations between dimensions of stigma and sleep deficiency and to identify future directions for research. METHODS We searched the OVIDPsycINFO, OVIDEMASE, OVIDMEDLINE, and CINAHL databases for empirical research studies that reported relationships between the 3 dimensions of stigma-internalized, perceived, and anticipated-and characteristics of sleep deficiency-duration, continuity/efficiency, timing, alertness/sleepiness, quality, and disorders. RESULTS Of 1717 articles, 15 met our inclusion criteria. The most frequently assessed dimensions of stigma were internalized and perceived stigma. Characteristics of sleep deficiency were measured by self-report and included sleep quality, duration, trouble sleeping, and insomnia symptoms. We found consistent evidence that stigma, whether internalized, perceived, or anticipated, is associated with self-reported characteristics of sleep deficiency. CONCLUSIONS This evidence base can be further strengthened with prospective studies that incorporate both multidimensional measures of stigma and objective measures of sleep characteristics. We outline research implications that can clarify underlying mechanisms and more precisely define the relationships between stigma and sleep and inform interventions to address stigma, improve sleep, and reduce the health inequities that disproportionately affect individuals from socially disadvantaged and marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen M Condon
- University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Katie Wang
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Chen S, Alers-Rojas F, Benner A, Gleason M. Daily Experiences of Discrimination and Ethnic/Racial Minority Adolescents' Sleep: The Moderating Role of Social Support. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:596-610. [PMID: 34850482 PMCID: PMC10782844 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a 14-day diary study of 95 ethnic/racial minority adolescents, this study examined the within-person effect of daily discrimination tied to multiple social identities on adolescents' daily sleep quality and duration and whether daily support from important others (i.e., friends, parents, and teachers) would moderate these links. We found that daily discrimination was a low-frequency, but high-impact event associated with shorter sleep duration. Results pointed to the nuanced roles of daily support. Support from friends was negatively related to sleep duration, whereas support from parents appeared to be promotive to sleep quality. Support from teachers protected adolescents from the negative effects of discrimination on sleep duration. Implications for future interventions targeting sleep disturbances associated with discrimination are discussed.
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96
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Benner AD, Wang Y, Chen S, Boyle AE. Measurement considerations in the link between racial/ethnic discrimination and adolescent well-being: A meta-analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022; 64:101025. [PMID: 39006861 PMCID: PMC11244658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic discrimination is a commonplace experience for many adolescents of color, and an increasing number of studies over the past 25 years have sought to document discrimination and its consequences at this stage of the life course. The evidence is clear and convincing that racial/ethnic discrimination is harmful for adolescents' socioemotional and behavioral well-being as well as their academic success. Discrimination measurement, however, poses a critical source of potential variation in the observed effect sizes capturing the associations between racial/ethnic discrimination and adolescents' well-being. This meta-analysis integrated 1,804 effect sizes on 156,030 unique ethnically- and geographically-diverse adolescents (M age = 14.44, SD = 2.27) from 379 studies that used 79 unique instruments to assess racial/ethnic discrimination. The meta-analysis focused on a host of measurement-related moderators, including the number of items, response scale and response dimensions, reliability, retrospective reference period, perpetrators, and initial target populations. Larger effect sizes were observed for instruments with more items and with non-dichotomously rated items. Perpetrator and retrospective reference period also emerged as key moderators, while measure reliability, response dimensions, and initial measurement development characteristics were not significant moderators. Findings provide key insights for the development of more precise, effective instruments to assess perceived racial/ethnic discrimination in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprile D. Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Shanting Chen
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Alaina E. Boyle
- Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), United States
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97
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Harris PE, Gordon AM, Dover TL, Small PA, Collins NL, Major B. Sleep, Emotions, and Sense of Belonging: A Daily Experience Study. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:295-306. [PMID: 36046008 PMCID: PMC9382960 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has strong influences on affective and social experiences. However, less is known about the reciprocal effects of sleep, affect, and social experiences at a daily level, and little work has considered racial/ethnic minorities at high risk for social disconnection and discrimination. A 7-day daily experience study assessed the bidirectional relationships between daily sleep quality, affect, social experiences, and overall well-being among a sample of Latinx undergraduates (N = 109). Each morning, participants reported on their previous night's sleep. Each evening, they reported their positive and negative affect, experiences of belonging and unfair treatment, and overall well-being that day. Results indicate that, at a daily level, sleep quality predicts next-day affect, belonging, and well-being. Reciprocally, only daily well-being predicts sleep quality. Findings highlight sleep as a potentially powerful antecedent of affective and social experiences likely to be particularly potent for underrepresented minority groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00088-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Harris
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Amie M. Gordon
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Tessa L. Dover
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Payton A. Small
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Nancy L. Collins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Brenda Major
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
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98
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Kolip P, Kuhnert R, Saß AC. Social, health-related, and environmental factors influencing sleep problems of children, adolescents and young adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2022; 7:2-19. [PMID: 35784655 PMCID: PMC9241125 DOI: 10.25646/9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a relevant factor for functioning and well-being of young people. The paper provides a differentiated description of sleep difficulties in this population group including social, health-related, and environmental factors. The analyses included n=6,728 11- to 17-year-olds of the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006) and 6,072 young adults (age 18-31), who provided information relating sleep in the survey KiGGS Wave 2 (2014-2017). Information from 3,567 people was evaluated at two survey points. 22.0% of the 11- to 17-year-olds reported sleep difficulties. A significant impact for the sex (female), living with a single parent, and with siblings is reflected in the logistic regression. The risk for sleep difficulties increases significantly in the case of mental problems and pain. Among the 18- to 31-year-olds, 19.6% complained of difficulties falling asleep and sleeping through the night. In addition to sex, noise exposure, a low level of education, the professional situation, and living with children were reflected as important influencing factors in the logistic regressions. Over one third of those, who suffered from sleep problems as children and adolescents, also indicated sleep difficulties almost ten years later. The high prevalence of sleep problems and the associated health risks illustrate the high public health relevance of the topic. In addition to sex, health-related and environmental variables also turned out to be significant and need to be considered in the development of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kolip
- Bielefeld University, School of Public Health
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
| | - Anke-Christine Saß
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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99
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Williams PC, Alhasan DM, Krafty R, Coutts C, Miles-Richardson S, Jackson CL. A mixed methods approach to understand greenspace redevelopment in relation to objectively- and subjectively-measured sleep health among Black adults in Southwest Atlanta. Health Place 2022; 76:102812. [PMID: 35640375 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice C Williams
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Urban Studies and Planning, School of Architecture & Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Dana M Alhasan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Coutts
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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100
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Hokett E, Mirjalili S, Duarte A. Greater sleep variance related to decrements in memory performance and event-specific neural similarity: a racially/ethnically diverse lifespan sample. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 117:33-43. [PMID: 35665685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Successful memory performance depends on overlap between neural representations at encoding and retrieval. With older age, neural similarity, memory performance, and sleep quality decline. Regardless of age, racial/ethnic minorities tend to experience poor sleep, which may contribute to poor memory. Previous studies have not investigated memory performance, neural similarity, sleep quality, and age in diverse participants. Here, we recruited racially/ethnically diverse adults across the lifespan and examined night-to-night sleep quality in relation to memory performance and encoding-retrieval similarity. We employed item-specific, representational similarity analysis (not confounded by effort, word perception, or differences in electroencephalography signal amplitude) to assess neural similarity for intact and recombined paired associates. Greater sleep variance and poorer memory performance were more strongly associated with older age. Interestingly, sleep variance was positively associated with neural similarity for intact pairs. This relationship was stronger with younger age and for racial/ethnic minorities. For recombined pairs, greater sleep variance was associated with reduced neural similarity. Thus, varied sleep may induce greater reliance on familiarity, while consistent sleep may support recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hokett
- Columbia University, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Soroush Mirjalili
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Audrey Duarte
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, USA; University of Texas at Austin, Department of Neurology, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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