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Summers SJ, Keegan RJ, Flood A, Martin K, McKune A, Rattray B. The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale: Assessing Predictive and Concurrent Validation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:738519. [PMID: 34630249 PMCID: PMC8498198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To complement and enhance readiness-monitoring capability, the Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) was developed: a widely applicable, simple psychometric measure of perceived readiness. While this tool may have widespread utility in sport and military settings, it remains unknown if the ARMS demonstrates predictive and concurrent validity. Here, we investigated whether the ARMS is: (1) responsive to an acute manipulation of readiness using sleep deprivation, (2) relates to biological markers of readiness [cortisol/heart-rate variability (HRV)], and (3) predicts performance on a cognitive task. Thirty young adults (aged 23 ± 4 years; 18 females) participated. All participants engaged in a 24-h sleep deprivation protocol. Participants completed the ARMS, biological measures of readiness (salivary cortisol, HRV), and cognitive performance measures (psychomotor vigilance task) before, immediately after, 24-, and 48-h post-sleep deprivation. All six of the ARMS subscales changed in response to sleep deprivation: scores on each subscale worsened (indicating reductions in perceived readiness) immediately after sleep deprivation, returning to baseline 24/48 h post. Lower perceived readiness was associated with reduced awakening responses in cortisol and predicted worse cognitive performance (slower reaction time). No relationship was observed between the ARMS and HRV, nor between any biological markers of readiness (cortisol/HRV) and cognitive performance. These data suggest that the ARMS may hold practical utility in detecting, or screening for, the wide range of deleterious effects caused by sleep deprivation; may constitute a quick, cheap, and easily interpreted alternative to biological measures of readiness; and may be used to monitor or mitigate potential underperformance on tasks requiring attention and vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Summers
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard J Keegan
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew Flood
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristy Martin
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ben Rattray
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Tapia-Serrano MA, García-Hermoso A, Sevil-Serrano J, Sánchez-Oliva D, Sánchez-Miguel PA. Is adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines associated with a higher academic achievement among adolescent males and females? J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:155-161. [PMID: 34649760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the independent and combined associations of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration with academic achievement in adolescent males and females. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS 1290 Spanish adolescents (565 females), aged 11 to 16 years (13.06 ± 0.84), participated in this study. Self-reported physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration questionnaires were assessed. Academic achievement was calculated as an average score of the adolescents'' grades in first language (Spanish), first foreign language (English), and mathematics subjects. A multiple linear regression model was used to examine the association between meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and academic achievement. Covariates included age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS Not meeting any of the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with lower academic achievement in the whole sample (p < 0.001). Meeting physical activity and sleep duration guidelines, both independently and together, was associated with higher academic achievement in the whole sample (p < 0.001). Meeting at least two recommendations was associated with higher academic achievement in males (p < 0.01). However, trend analysis revealed that participants who met two or three recommendations had higher academic achievement compared to those who met one or none of these recommendations (p < 0.05). All these results were similar for males and females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the importance of promoting more than one 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, mainly physical activity and sleep duration, which seems to contribute positively to increased academic performance in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Hospital Complex (CHN), Spain; School of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Javier Sevil-Serrano
- Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Educación, Av. de Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Spain.
| | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Spain.
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Levenson JC, Ford HA, Reyes ZMD, Mukundan A, Patel G, Bahary S, Miller E. Designing adolescent sleep interventions with stakeholder input. Sleep Health 2021; 7:581-587. [PMID: 34474988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few sleep promotion programs for adolescents have involved stakeholders as part of the intervention development, which may contribute to their limited accessibility, scalability, acceptability, and feasibility. Specifically asking stakeholders for their input on how to modify factors impacting sleep is critical, as is identifying strategies for motivating sleep behavior change. We report qualitative feedback from stakeholders interested in improving adolescent sleep, data collected specifically to inform the development of an adolescent sleep promotion program. PARTICIPANTS We conducted 9 focus groups (3 each for young adults (n = 8, ages 21-25), parents of adolescents (n = 12), and healthcare providers working with adolescents (n = 29) following a semistructured approach. DESIGN Participants reported on contributors to good and poor sleep; motivators for improving sleep; strategies for promoting and sustaining behavior change; and feasibility of a proposed sleep promotion program. We coded and thematically analyzed focus group transcripts using inductive and deductive approaches. RESULTS Moderate engagement in activities (eg, a job, sports) was seen as a contributor to good sleep, while having too many or too few activities was thought to contribute to poor sleep. Linking improved sleep with personalized outcomes of interest can enhance motivation for changing sleep. Strategies for behavior change should rely on increasing internal motivation, personalizing intervention content, and having parents model desired behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Key stakeholders are critical to the development of acceptable interventions that can be implemented effectively in real-world settings. Future work should test whether the identified themes contribute to increased feasibility, scalability, and effectiveness of sleep programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Levenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Hannah A Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA; Behavioral Science Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoe Maria Dominique Reyes
- University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aishwarya Mukundan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garima Patel
- Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sigalle Bahary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Arns M, Kooij JJS, Coogan AN. Review: Identification and Management of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders as a Transdiagnostic Feature in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1085-1095. [PMID: 33556454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbances are highly frequent features in a range of child and adolescent psychiatric conditions. However, it is commonly not clear if such sleep problems represent symptomatic features of, comorbidities of, or risk factors for these conditions. It is believed that underlying dysfunction in the daily biological (circadian) clock may play important roles in the etiology of many sleep disorders, and circadian rhythm changes are reported in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. The aim of this review was to explore the key identifying features of circadian rhythm disorders (CRDs) in child and adolescent psychiatry and address how such disorders may be managed in the clinic. METHOD A narrative review was conducted of the extant literature of CRDs in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions. RESULTS Key biological and social factors that contribute to CRDs in children and adolescents, and the cognitive and neurobehavioral consequences resulting from insufficient sleep were outlined. The roles of melatonin and other chronotherapeutic and behavioral interventions for the management of CRDs were also outlined. Further, the importance of careful investigation of circadian rhythm abnormalities in shaping the most effective treatment plan according to chronobiological principles was highlighted. CONCLUSION CRDs are common in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions and arise out of complex interactions between biological and social factors. Careful clinical attention to and management of CRDs in child and adolescent psychiatry have the potential for significant benefit not only in the domain of sleep but also in a range of cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Arns
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, and Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, and PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, the Hague, the Netherlands
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What Is “Chronic” in “Chronic Sleep Reduction” and What Are Its Consequences? A Systematic Scoping Review of the Literature. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-021-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) provide an overview of chronic sleep reduction by systematically reviewing the existing literature (limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses), (2) investigate the evidence of the effects of short sleep duration on daytime functioning, and (3) identify research gaps in this field.
Recent Findings
The results showed that (1) clear definitions of chronicity of sleep reduction are lacking—none of the included reviews/meta-analyses provided a full definition—and (2) short sleep duration appeared to be related to obesity and diabetes, whereas relations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive functioning, emotional problems, general health, and mortality, showed either small effects and appeared to be complex (e.g., for CVD and cognitive functioning), or studies were scarce or completely lacking (e.g., mortality in children/adolescents and emotional problems in adults).
Summary
Although short or insufficient sleep is highly prevalent and is associated with impaired mental and physical wellbeing, as well as pervasive negative consequences for daytime functioning, the concepts of “chronicity” and “chronic sleep reduction” have not been clearly defined and its effects on health are therefore still largely unknown. Moreover, there are large research gaps concerning studies on the relations between short sleep and health consequences. Further studies are recommended to define and operationalize chronicity of sleep reduction and develop measurements that adequately represent the complexity of the concept.
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Sleep duration, brain structure, and psychiatric and cognitive problems in children. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3992-4003. [PMID: 32015467 PMCID: PMC8855973 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Low sleep duration in adults is correlated with psychiatric and cognitive problems. We performed for the first time a large-scale analysis of sleep duration in children, and how this relates to psychiatric problems including depression, to cognition, and to brain structure. Structural MRI was analyzed in relation to sleep duration, and psychiatric and cognitive measures in 11,067 9-11-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, using a linear mixed model, mediation analysis, and structural equation methods in a longitudinal analysis. Dimensional psychopathology (including depression, anxiety, impulsive behavior) in the children was negatively correlated with sleep duration. Dimensional psychopathology in the parents was also correlated with short sleep duration in their children. The brain areas in which higher volume was correlated with longer sleep duration included the orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal and temporal cortex, precuneus, and supramarginal gyrus. Longitudinal data analysis showed that the psychiatric problems, especially the depressive problems, were significantly associated with short sleep duration 1 year later. Further, mediation analysis showed that depressive problems significantly mediate the effect of these brain regions on sleep. Higher cognitive scores were associated with higher volume of the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Public health implications are that psychopathology in the parents should be considered in relation to sleep problems in children. Moreover, we show that brain structure is associated with sleep problems in children, and that this is related to whether or not the child has depressive problems.
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Smithies TD, Toth AJ, Dunican IC, Caldwell JA, Kowal M, Campbell MJ. The effect of sleep restriction on cognitive performance in elite cognitive performers: a systematic review. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab008. [PMID: 33438751 PMCID: PMC8271199 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To synthesize original articles exploring the effects of sleep restriction on cognitive performance specifically for Elite Cognitive Performers, i.e. those who engage in cognitively demanding tasks with critical or safety-critical outcomes in their occupation or area of expertise. METHODS Backward snowballing techniques, gray literature searches, and traditional database searches (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PSYCinfo, and SportDiscus) were used to obtain relevant articles. A quality assessment was performed, and the risk of training effects was considered. Results were narratively synthesized. Fourteen articles fit the criteria. Cognitive outcomes were divided into three categories defined by whether cognitive demands were "low-salience," "high-salience stable," or "high-salience flexible." RESULTS Low-salience tests (i.e. psychomotor vigilance tasks & serial reaction tests), mainly requiring vigilance and rudimentary attentional capacities, were sensitive to sleep restriction, however, this did not necessarily translate to significant performance deficits on low-salience occupation-specific task performance. High-salience cognitive outcomes were typically unaffected unless when cognitive flexibility was required. CONCLUSIONS Sleep restriction is of particular concern to occupations whereby individuals perform (1) simple, low-salience tasks or (2) high-salience tasks with demands on the flexible allocation of attention and working memory, with critical or safety-critical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Smithies
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, the SFI Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Adam J Toth
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, the SFI Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ian C Dunican
- Melius Consulting, Mount Hawthorn, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Kowal
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, the SFI Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, the SFI Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
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58
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Gallego-Gómez JI, González-Moro MTR, González-Moro JMR, Vera-Catalán T, Balanza S, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Rivera-Caravaca JM. Relationship between sleep habits and academic performance in university Nursing students. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:100. [PMID: 34140029 PMCID: PMC8212524 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are composed of a group of diseases of increasing prevalence and with social-health implications to be considered a public health problem. Sleep habits and specific sleep behaviors have an influence on the academic success of students. However, the characteristics of sleep and sleep habits of university students as predictors of poor academic performance have been scarcely analyzed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate sleep habits and their influence on academic performance in a cohort of Nursing Degree students. Methods This was a cross-sectional and observational study. An anonymous and self-administered questionnaire was used, including different scales such as the ‘Morningness and Eveningness scale’, an author-generated sleep habit questionnaire, and certain variables aimed at studying the socio-familial and academic aspects of the Nursing students. The association of sleep habits and other variables with poor academic performance was investigated by logistic regression. The internal consistency and homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was assessed with the Cronbach’s alpha test. Results Overall, 401 students (mean age of 22.1 ± 4.9 years, 74.8 % females) from the Nursing Degree were included. The homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was appropriate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.710). Nursing students were characterized by an evening chronotype (20.2 %) and a short sleep pattern. 30.4 % of the Nursing students had bad sleep habits. Regarding the academic performance, 47.9 % of the students showed a poor one. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a short sleep pattern (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.01–2.34), bad sleep habits (aOR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.11–2.79), and age < 25 years (aOR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.30–3.98) were independently associated with a higher probability of poor academic performance. Conclusions Almost 1/3 of the Nursing students were identified as having bad sleep habits, and these students were characterized by an evening chronotype and a short sleep pattern. A short sleep pattern, bad sleep habits, and age < 25 years, were independently associated with a higher risk of poor academic performance. This requires multifactorial approaches and the involvement of all the associated actors: teachers, academic institutions, health institutions, and the people in charge in university residences, among others. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomás Vera-Catalán
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Serafín Balanza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, 04007, Almería, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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Adams SK, Mushkat Z, Minkel J. Examining the Moderator Role of Sleep Quality in the Relationship Among Test Anxiety, Academic Success and Mood. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:2400-2415. [PMID: 34134557 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211025268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored associations among test anxiety, GPA, sleep quality, and mood in college students. Data were collected from undergraduate students (N = 316). Results revealed that higher levels of test anxiety and sleep impairment predicted negative mood in undergraduates. Findings suggest that prioritizing sleep could help improve overall mood among students with test anxiety. Future studies should work toward clarifying the complex and reciprocal relationship between sleep and test anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue K Adams
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The 4260University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Zoe Mushkat
- Department of Psychology, The 4260University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jared Minkel
- Department of Psychology, The 4260University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Yuan RK, Lopez MR, Ramos-Alvarez MM, Normandin ME, Thomas AS, Uygun DS, Cerda VR, Grenier AE, Wood MT, Gagliardi CM, Guajardo H, Muzzio IA. Differential effect of sleep deprivation on place cell representations, sleep architecture, and memory in young and old mice. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109234. [PMID: 34133936 PMCID: PMC8545463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is associated with age-related cognitive decline, and whether reversal of these alterations is possible is unknown. In this study, we report how sleep deprivation (SD) affects hippocampal representations, sleep patterns, and memory in young and old mice. After training in a hippocampus-dependent object-place recognition (OPR) task, control animals sleep ad libitum, although experimental animals undergo 5 h of SD, followed by recovery sleep. Young controls and old SD mice exhibit successful OPR memory, whereas young SD and old control mice are impaired. Successful performance is associated with two cellular phenotypes: (1) "context" cells, which remain stable throughout training and testing, and (2) "object configuration" cells, which remap when objects are introduced to the context and during testing. Additionally, effective memory correlates with spindle counts during non-rapid eye movement (NREM)/rapid eye movement (REM) sigma transitions. These results suggest SD may serve to ameliorate age-related memory deficits and allow hippocampal representations to adapt to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Lopez
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | | | - Marc E Normandin
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Arthur S Thomas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Uygun
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Vanessa R Cerda
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Amandine E Grenier
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Matthew T Wood
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Celia M Gagliardi
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Herminio Guajardo
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Isabel A Muzzio
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Vaseghi S, Arjmandi-Rad S, Kholghi G, Nasehi M. Inconsistent effects of sleep deprivation on memory function. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1011-1027. [PMID: 34267613 PMCID: PMC8278215 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss the role of sleep deprivation (SD) in learning and memory processing in basic and clinical studies. There are numerous studies investigating the effect of SD on memory, while most of these studies have shown the impairment effect of SD. However, some of these studies have reported conflicting results, indicating that SD does not impair memory performance or even improves it. So far, no study has discussed or compared the conflicting results of SD on learning and memory. Thus, this important issue in the neuroscience of sleep remains unknown. The main goal of this review article is to compare the similar mechanisms between the impairment and the improvement effects of SD on learning and memory, probably leading to a scientific solution that justifies these conflicting results. We focused on the inconsistent effects of SD on some mechanisms involved in learning and memory, and tried to discuss the inconsistent effects of SD on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Lovell B, Elder GJ, Wetherell MA. Sleep disturbances and physical health problems in caregivers of children with ASD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 113:103932. [PMID: 33730686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder self-report more physical health problems than controls. Sleep disturbances are also more prevalent in caregivers, and are positively associated with physical health problems. The negative impact of caring for a child with ASD on physical health therefore, might occur indirectly via poorer sleep. METHODS Participants, of which n = 43 were caregivers and n = 17 were controls, completed self-report measures of physical health problems and, to capture objective measures of sleep, wore an actigraphy device. RESULTS Physical health problems were greater in caregivers, as were subjective reports of disturbed sleep. Objectively, waking after sleep onset (WASO) and average number of awakenings were higher, as was sleep latency, and sleep efficiency was poorer, in caregivers. Total sleep time however, was greater in caregivers, as was time in bed. Physical health problems, while unrelated to actigraphy measures, were positively associated with self-reported sleep disturbances. Caregivers' increased risk for physical health problems occurred indirectly via greater self-reports of disturbed sleep. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that help alleviate caregivers' sleep disturbances might be effective, by reducing physical health problems, for improving quality of provided care, and this might be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lovell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, United Kingdom.
| | - Greg J Elder
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Wetherell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
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Farhadian N, Khazaie H, Nami M, Khazaie S. The role of daytime napping in declarative memory performance: a systematic review. Sleep Med 2021; 84:134-141. [PMID: 34148000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep plays an important role in stabilizing and reinforcing memory of newly acquired information. Like nocturnal sleep, a daytime nap is shown to effectively contribute to memory processing. However, studies are often focused on nocturnal sleep. This review has aimed at systematically compiling the results of studies which have examined the effects of napping on declarative memory performance in healthy adults. Such studies have focused on different aspects of memory reinforcement following a diurnal nap including the involved mechanisms in memory reconsolidation, type of declarative tasks, cross-gender differences, the role of age, duration of nap and its delayed onset. One of the reviewed studies reported that even as short as 6 min of napping exerts a positive effect on memory function. Evidence from these studies indicates hippocampal-dependent enhancement of the learned information. Diurnal naps predominantly include non-rapid eye movement sleep with slow waves yielding potential effects on declarative memory. Evidence has shown that the empowered learning and retrieval depends upon spindle density during the nap. Moreover, the role of coordinated autonomic and central events in enhancing declarative memory has also been reported. Slow waves and sleep spindles are known to fuel declarative memory function during the NREM-2 (N2) stage of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farhadian
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Neuroscience Center, INDICASAT, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics and Brain Mapping Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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64
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Tesfaye R, Wright N, Zaidman-Zait A, Bedford R, Zwaigenbaum L, Kerns CM, Duku E, Mirenda P, Bennett T, Georgiades S, Smith IM, Vaillancourt T, Pickles A, Szatmari P, Elsabbagh M. 'Investigating longitudinal associations between parent reported sleep in early childhood and teacher reported executive functioning in school-aged children with autism'. Sleep 2021; 44:6275587. [PMID: 33987680 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep disturbance. Poor sleep impairs executive functioning (EF), a lifelong difficulty in ASD. Evidence suggests EF difficulties in ASD are exacerbated by poor sleep. We examine whether early childhood sleep disturbances are associated with worsening EF trajectories in school-aged children with ASD. A subsample (n=217) from the Pathways in ASD longitudinal study was analyzed. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire captured sleep duration, onset, and night awakenings before age 5 (Mean=3.5years). Metacognition (MI) and Behavioral Regulation (BRI) indices, on the Teacher Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, were used to measure cognitive and affective components of EF respectively at four time-points (7.8-11.8years). We applied latent growth curve models to examine associations between sleep and EF, accounting for relevant covariates, including school-age sleep (Mean=6.7years). Sleep traits had different age-related impacts on behavioral regulation, but not metacognition. Longer sleep onset at 3.5 years was associated with a worsening BRI difficulties slope (b=2.07, p<0.04), but conversely associated with lower BRI difficulties at 7.7 years (b=-4.14, p=0.04). A longer sleep onset at 6.7 years was related to higher BRI difficulties at 7.7 years (b=7.78, p<0.01). Longer sleep duration at 6.7 years was associated with higher BRI difficulties at age 7.7 (b=3.15, p=0.01), but subscale analyses revealed shorter sleep duration at age 6.7 was linked to a worsening inhibition slope (b=-0.60, p=0.01). Sleep onset is a robust early correlate of behavior regulation in children with ASD, whereas sleep duration is a later childhood correlate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rackeb Tesfaye
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicola Wright
- King's College London, Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anat Zaidman-Zait
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Educational Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachael Bedford
- King's College London, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,University of Bath, Department of Psychology, Bath, UK
| | | | - Connor M Kerns
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eric Duku
- McMaster University, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Pat Mirenda
- University of British Columbia, Education and Counseling Psychology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teresa Bennett
- McMaster University, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- McMaster University, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Pickles
- King's College London, Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Szatmari
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Child and Youth Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,SickKids Department of Psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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65
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Tuan LH, Tsao CY, Lee LJH, Lee LJ. Voluntary exercise ameliorates synaptic pruning deficits in sleep-deprived adolescent mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:96-110. [PMID: 33358980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development and adequate sleep during this period is essential for physical function and mental health. Emerging evidence has detailed the neurological impacts of sleep insufficiency on adolescents, as was unveiled by our previous study, microglia, one of the crucial contributors to synaptic pruning, is functionally disrupted by lack of sleep. Here, we provided evidence featuring the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of voluntary exercise (VE) on microglial functions in an adolescent 72 h sleep deprivation (SD) model. We identified that the aberrant hippocampal neuronal activity and impaired short-term memory performance in sleep-deprived mice were prevented by 11 days of VE. VE significantly normalized the SD-induced dendritic spine increment and maintained the microglial phagocytic ability in sleep-deprived mice. Moreover, we found that the amendment of the noradrenergic signal in the central nervous system may explain the preventative effects of VE on the abnormalities of microglial and neuronal functions caused by SD. These data suggested that VE may confer protection to the microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the sleep-deprived adolescent brains. Therefore, physical exercise could be a beneficial health practice for the adolescents that copes the adverse influence of inevitable sleep insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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66
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Tsai TH, Chen YL, Gau SSF. Relationships between autistic traits, insufficient sleep, and real-world executive functions in children: a mediation analysis of a national epidemiological survey. Psychol Med 2021; 51:579-586. [PMID: 31769374 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the literature documents low executive functions and sleep deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder or subclinical autistic traits, no study has simultaneously examined their relationships in the general child population. This study aimed to examine whether autistic traits impacted real-world executive functions through insufficient sleep in a nationally representative sample of children. METHODS This was a national survey of 6832 primary and secondary school students, aged 8-14 years old, with equal sex distribution (3479 boys, 50.8%). Parents reported their child's nocturnal sleep duration and the need for sleep to maintain their daytime function and the Social Responsiveness Scale and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) for their children's autistic traits and real-world executive functions, respectively. RESULTS We found that autistic traits exerted indirect effects on real-world executive functions through sleep deficits, independent of sex, and age. Moreover, such an indirect effect was observed only from restricted and repetitive behaviors to executive functions through sleep deficits, but not in the other components of autistic traits (i.e. social communication and interaction). CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings underscore the importance of sleep and autistic traits in executive functions and suggest potential mechanisms that may underlie the observed correlational structure among autistic behaviors, sleep deficits, and low executive function performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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67
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Norozpour Y, Nasehi M, Sabouri-Khanghah V, Nami M, Vaseghi S, Zarrindast MR. The effect of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on memory retention deficit induced by rapid eye movement sleep deprivation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 23:1571-1575. [PMID: 33489031 PMCID: PMC7811809 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.44891.10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Evidence shows that sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the formation of hippocampus-related memories. Moreover, α2 adrenergic receptors that are wildly expressed in the CA1 hippocampal region have a significant role in modulating both sleep and memory formation. In the present research, we wanted to investigate the effect of stimulation and blockage of CA1 α2 adrenergic receptors by clonidine (an agonist of α2 adrenergic receptor) and yohimbine (an antagonist of α2 adrenergic receptor), respectively, on memory retention impairment induced by REM SD (RSD) in rats. Materials and Methods: Multiple platform apparatus were used to induce RSD, and the passive avoidance task was used to assess memory consolidation. Clonidine and yohimbine were injected intra-CA1. Results: The results showed that RSD (for 24 and 36, but not 12 hr) decreased memory retention, with no effect on locomotion. Post-training intra-CA1 infusion of a subthreshold dose of yohimbine (0.001 μg/rat) did not alter, while clonidine (0.1 μg/rat) restored memory retention impairment induced by RSD (24 and 36 hr). Also, none of the interventions did not influence locomotor activity. Conclusion: Our data strongly showed that CA1 α2 adrenergic receptors have a critical role in RSD-induced memory retention impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Norozpour
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sabouri-Khanghah
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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68
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Abstract
A main childhood task is learning. In this task, the role of sleep is increasingly demonstrated. Although most literature examining this role focuses on preadolescence and middle adolescence, some studies apply napping designs in preschoolers. Studies overall conclude that without proper sleep a child's cognitive abilities suffer, but questions on how and to what extent linger. Observational studies show the hazards of potential confounders such as an individual's resilience to poor sleep as well as developmental risk factors (eg, disorders, stressors). A better understanding of cognitive sleep neuroscience may have a big impact on pediatric sleep research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Spruyt
- INSERM, University Claude Bernard, School of Medicine, Lyon, France.
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69
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Peled M, Scher A. The contribution of good sleep to working memory in preschool: A matter of sleep quality or duration? ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 60:85-110. [PMID: 33641801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Good sleep is essential for efficient cognitive performance. The present research examined the link between sleep and working memory (WM) during early childhood, a period of major advances in neurodevelopment. The sample included 80 healthy children, 40 3-year-olds and 40 4-year-olds, attending childcare settings. The children were individually tested using WM tasks; parents completed sleep questionnaires. On a group level, WM improved with age. Process model analysis demonstrated the effect of age on WM (P=0.001) and indicated an age-specific involvement of sleep quality (P=0.01). Whereas sleep duration was not associated with WM, at 4years of age, sleep disturbance with physical symptoms (e.g., breathing, motor) was associated with poor WM performance. Among 3-year-old girls, fear-related sleep disruption was associated with better WM performance. Together, the results suggest that the association between sleep and WM is dependent on: (a) specific aspects of sleep, (b) age, and (c) gender. More research is essential for unraveling the underlying neuro-maturational processes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Peled
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Scher
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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70
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Relationships between Extra-School Tutoring Time, Somatic Symptoms, and Sleep Duration of Adolescent Students: A Panel Analysis Using Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218037. [PMID: 33142769 PMCID: PMC7663676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As private tutoring has expanded worldwide, it has been noted that private tutoring and associated emotional distress can affect sleep duration and the health of adolescent students. However, the relationships between extra-school tutoring time, somatic symptoms, defined as physical symptoms of emotional distress, and sleep duration in adolescents has rarely been determined. The aim of this study was to identify these relationships in adolescent students. Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed to address the research questions. Weekday sleep duration, extra-school tutoring time, and somatic symptoms were measured using adolescents’ self-report questionnaires. A multilevel, structural equation model was utilized to test the relationships between these variables and was deemed appropriate considering the repeated measure of the panel data. After controlling for respondent sex, parent working status and education level, and family structure, adolescents’ extra-school tutoring time and level of somatic symptoms were associated with sleep duration during weekdays. Furthermore, the association between extra-school tutoring time and sleep duration was partially mediated by somatic symptoms. Korean adolescent students slept less than the recommended duration. Intervention programs that increase parental interest and attention in adolescent students’ lives, not only focused on academic achievement but also emotional distress is needed. Researchers and policymakers should understand recommended age-appropriate sleep duration and the educational culture and provide balanced strategies between the consideration of the effect of private education on academic achievement and the need to guarantee physical and mental health in adolescent students.
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71
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Liu B, Gao F, Zhang J, Zhou H, Sun N, Li L, Liang L, Ning N, Wu Q, Zhao M. Sleep Quality of Students from Elementary School to University: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:855-864. [PMID: 33154689 PMCID: PMC7605933 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s266493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep affects a wide array of health outcomes and is associated with the quality of life. Among students, sleep quality is affected by school stage and grade; however, data regarding the different sleep-related problems students experience at different school stages are limited. In this study, we aimed to explore sleep quality among a student sample ranging from elementary school to university level. METHODS Overall, data were examined for 9392 subjects aged 9-22 years. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and other variables were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Sleep quality on school nights was evaluated using the standard Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; global score >5 was classified as poor sleep quality. For the high school sample, logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between sleep quality and certain factors. RESULTS Of the elementary school, middle school, vocational high school, senior high school, and university students, 7.5%, 19.2%, 28.6%, 41.9%, and 28.5%, respectively, showed poor sleep quality. The high school students reported the highest prevalence of shorter sleep duration (70.8%), day dysfunction (84.7%), and subjective poor sleep quality (17.2%). The elementary school students showed the highest prevalence of poor sleep efficiency (17.9%). The university students showed the highest prevalence of sleep medication use (6.4%). The vocational high school students reported the highest prevalence of sleep latency (6.3%) and sleep disturbance (7.4%). Logistic regression modeling indicated that sleep quality is positively associated with school stage, grade, family atmosphere, academic pressure, and number of friends. CONCLUSION Sleep quality and sleep features change greatly from elementary school to university. Interventions to improve sleep quality should consider targeting the specific issues students experience at each school stage. Alarmed by the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among high school students, it is recommended that high school students should be informed of their sleep matter and the consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Liu
- School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongguo Zhou
- School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Laiyou Li
- School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Libo Liang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong226019, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Lv Y, Cai L, Zeng X, Gui Z, Lai L, Tan W, Chen Y. Association between weekend catch-up sleep and executive functions in Chinese school-aged children. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:1285-1293. [PMID: 32279704 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Although weekend catch-up sleep is common among children, the association between weekend catch-up sleep and executive functions remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether weekend catch-up sleep was related to executive functions in school-aged children. METHODS We analyzed data for 4,699 children (9.00 years ± 1.73 years old, 52.9% boys) from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou, China. Executive functions performance was examined by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Parent Form. Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess sleep status, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of weekend catch-up sleep duration with executive functions. RESULTS Weekday sleep was negatively associated with scores on three composite indices (Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index, Global Executive Composite), while weekend catch-up sleep was positively associated with them. Children with < 9 hours weekday sleep duration had higher scores in all indices, and there was no correlation between weekend catch-up sleep and scores of all indices (P > .05). For children who slept ≥ 9 hours on weekdays, weekend catch-up sleep of more than 1 hour was associated with increased scores of Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index, and Global Executive Composite (P < .05). There was no interaction between sex, age, and weekend catch-up sleep and executive functions (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Weekend catch-up sleep could not restore the executive functions deficits related to short weekday sleep. Weekend catch-up sleep over 1 hour may have adverse effects on executive functions in school-aged children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: Prospective Cohort Study on Cognition and Cardiovascular Disease of Sedentary Behaviors in Children; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03582709; Identifier: NCT03582709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Lv
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohuan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Lai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Tan
- Health Promotion Center for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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73
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Macchitella L, Marinelli CV, Signore F, Ciavolino E, Angelelli P. Sleepiness, Neuropsychological Skills, and Scholastic Learning in Children. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080529. [PMID: 32784660 PMCID: PMC7464965 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a frequent condition among children and adolescents that may lead to several and significant daytime consequences, including impaired neurocognitive skills and scholastic performance. Here, we evaluated in one hundred and ninety-one unselected primary school children, the relationship between sleepiness and a wide range of cognitive and academic skills through a standardized neuropsychological test battery. In order to assess the statistical relationship, we performed a partial least squares path modelling, a non-parametrical approach which combined a model of paths between latent variables and the coefficients between indicators and dimensions. Results were validated through the bootstrap approach and suggest that sleepiness is not associated with all cognitive and scholastic abilities, but only with those relying on verbal abilities and complex cognitive functions (i.e., reading comprehension, oral/syntactic comprehension, spelling, and mathematic skills). Our data suggest the idea that sleepiness in children is associated mostly with “higher” (mainly verbal) cognitive function(s), while the visuospatial domain was not affected.
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74
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Tung SEH, Ch'ng YZ, Karnan TV, Chong PN, Zubaidah JO, Chin YS. Fluid intake, hydration status and its association with cognitive function among adolescents in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:490-500. [PMID: 33029289 PMCID: PMC7520560 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate fluid intake and hydration status in association with cognitive function among 230 adolescents (10–14 years of age) in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS Urine color was used to measure hydration status, while fluid intake was assessed using the 15-item beverage intake questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. RESULTS More than half of the adolescents were mildly or moderately dehydrated (59.6%) and only one-third (33.0%) were well hydrated. Among the daily fluid types, intakes of soft drinks (r = −0.180; P = 0.006), sweetened tea (r = −0.184; P = 0.005) and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (r = −0.199; P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with cognitive function. In terms of hydration status, cognitive function score was significantly higher (F-ratio = 4.102; P = 0.018) among hydrated adolescents (100.38 ± 12.01) than in dehydrated (92.00 ± 13.63) counterparts. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, showed that soft drinks (β = −0.009; P < 0.05) and sweetened tea (β = −0.019; P < 0.05) negatively predicted cognitive function (ΔR2 = 0.044). When further control for sources of fluid, hydration status (β = −2.839; P < 0.05) was shown to negatively predict cognitive function (ΔR2 = 0.021). The above variables contributed 20.1% of the variance in cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the links between fluid intake (soft drinks, sweetened tea, total SSBs) and hydration status with cognitive function in adolescents. Interventions aimed at decreasing the consumption of SSBs and increasing hydration status through healthy fluid choices, such as water, could improve cognitive performance in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene En Hui Tung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Zhang Ch'ng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thaneswary V Karnan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Nee Chong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamil Osman Zubaidah
- Division of Psychology, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yit Siew Chin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Research Centre of Excellence Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bettencourt C, Tomé B, Pires L, Leitão JA, Gomes AA. Emotional states in adolescents: time of day X chronotype effects while controlling for psychopathological symptoms and sleep variables. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1783489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Bettencourt
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Tomé
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pires
- CINEICC - FCT R&D Unit: Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Memory, Language and Executive Functions Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Augusto Leitão
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC - FCT R&D Unit: Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Memory, Language and Executive Functions Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Allen Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC - FCT R&D Unit: Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
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77
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Lo JC, Chee MWL. Cognitive effects of multi-night adolescent sleep restriction: current data and future possibilities. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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78
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Estevan I, Silva A, Vetter C, Tassino B. Short Sleep Duration and Extremely Delayed Chronotypes in Uruguayan Youth: The Role of School Start Times and Social Constraints. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:391-404. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730420927601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During adolescence, biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors converge in a “perfect storm” and have been put forward to explain the delay in chronotype observed at this age and the prevalence of disrupted sleep. This study provides evidence to support that chronotype and sleep patterns (particularly sleep duration) are socially constrained and to identify novel significant social predictors. Uruguayan public school activities are arranged in up to 4 shifts, creating a natural experiment to examine the effect of school timing on questionnaire-based assessments of sleep and chronotype. In this study, 268 high school students (15-18 years old) who attended school either on morning (0730 to 1130 h) or afternoon shifts (1130 h to 1530 h) responded to an adapted School Sleep Habits Survey. Students attending afternoon shifts had later chronotypes (a 1.5-h later midpoint of sleep on free days adjusted for sleep debt) than those attending the morning shift. Besides shift, evening social activities (including dinner time) were further identified as key predictors of late chronotypes, whereas age and gender were not. Sleep on school days was overall advanced and reduced with respect to weekends, and these effects were stronger in morning-shift students. Weekend sleep duration was similar between shifts, which probably caused the prevalence of reduced sleep durations (average weekly sleep duration, SDweek <8 h) to be higher in morning-shift students (almost 80%) than in afternoon-shift ones (34%). Reduced sleep duration was significantly higher in morning-shift students. In addition, age, chronotype, and dinner time became relevant determinants of sleep deficit only in the morning-shift students. Besides the important social constraint of early school start time, this is the first study to confirm the significance of other types of social pressures on both adolescents’ chronotype and sleep deficit, which can be useful as potential new targets for effective policies to protect adolescent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Estevan
- Programa de Neuropsicología y Neurobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Ana Silva
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Bettina Tassino
- Sección Etología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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79
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Lo JC, Twan DCK, Karamchedu S, Lee XK, Ong JL, Van Rijn E, Gooley JJ, Chee MWL. Differential effects of split and continuous sleep on neurobehavioral function and glucose tolerance in sleep-restricted adolescents. Sleep 2020; 42:5316239. [PMID: 30753648 PMCID: PMC6519912 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Many adolescents are exposed to sleep restriction on school nights. We assessed how different apportionment of restricted sleep (continuous vs. split sleep) influences neurobehavioral function and glucose levels. Methods Adolescents, aged 15–19 years, were evaluated in a dormitory setting using a parallel-group design. Following two baseline nights of 9-hour time-in-bed (TIB), participants underwent either 5 nights of continuous 6.5-h TIB (n = 29) or 5-hour nocturnal TIB with a 1.5-hour afternoon nap (n = 29). After two recovery nights of 9-hour TIB, participants were sleep restricted for another three nights. Sleep was assessed using polysomnography (PSG). Cognitive performance and mood were evaluated three times per day. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted on mornings after baseline sleep, recovery sleep, and the third day of each sleep restriction cycle. Results The split sleep group had fewer vigilance lapses, better working memory and executive function, faster processing speed, lower level of subjective sleepiness, and more positive mood, even though PSG-verified total sleep time was less than the continuous sleep group. However, vigilance in both sleep-restricted groups was inferior to adolescents in a prior sample given 9-hour nocturnal TIB. During both cycles of sleep restriction, blood glucose during the OGTT increased by a greater amount in the split sleep schedule compared with persons receiving 6.5-hour continuous sleep. Conclusions In adolescents, modest multinight sleep restriction had divergent negative effects on cognitive performance and glucose levels depending on how the restricted sleep was apportioned. They are best advised to obtain the recommended amount of nocturnal sleep. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03333512
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Affiliation(s)
- June C Lo
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Derek C K Twan
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Swathy Karamchedu
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xuan Kai Lee
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ju Lynn Ong
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Elaine Van Rijn
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Joshua J Gooley
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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80
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Season of birth and sugary beverages are predictors of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices Scores in adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6145. [PMID: 32273542 PMCID: PMC7145867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate factors associated with cognitive functioning in healthy adolescents, a school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1370 adolescents aged 11–16 years that were randomly selected from all governorates of Kuwait. Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), a non-verbal test of intelligence, was used to measure cognitive functioning of the study participants. Data on predictors of cognitive functioning were collected from parents and adolescents. Weight and height of the participants were measured in a standardized manner and blood samples were tested in an accredited laboratory under strict measures of quality control. In multivariable linear regression analysis, factors that showed significant association with the SPM score were gender (p = 0.002), season of birth (p = 0.009), place of residence (p < 0.001), father’s (p < 0.001) and mother’s (p = 0.025) educational level, type of housing (p < 0.001), passive smoking at home (p = 0.031), sleeping hours during weekends (p = 0.017), students’ educational level (p < 0.001) and the frequency of consumption of sugary drinks (p < 0.001). The link between cognitive functioning and season of birth seems to be robust in various geographical locations including the Middle East. The association between sugary drinks and cognitive functioning highlights the importance of diet independently of obesity and support efforts to reduce consumption of sugary drinks among children.
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81
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Cousins JN, Van Rijn E, Ong JL, Chee MWL. A split sleep schedule rescues short-term topographical memory after multiple nights of sleep restriction. Sleep 2020; 42:5306230. [PMID: 30715485 PMCID: PMC6448285 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Chronic sleep restriction in adolescents is widespread, yet we know little about how to apportion the limited amount of sleep obtained to minimize cognitive impairment: should sleep occur only nocturnally, or be split across separate nocturnal and daytime nap periods? This is particularly relevant to hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions that underpin several aspects of learning. Method We assessed hippocampal function in four groups by evaluating short-term topographical memory with the Four Mountains Test (4MT). All participants began with 9 hours nocturnal time-in-bed (TIB) for 2 days before following different sleep schedules over the next 3 days. Each day, one group had 5 hours nocturnal TIB (5.0h; n = 30), another, 6.5 hours nocturnal TIB (6.5h; n = 29), and a third had 6.5 hours split into 5 hours nocturnal TIB and a 1.5 hour TIB daytime nap (5.0 + 1.5h; n = 29). A control group maintained 9 hours nocturnal TIB (9.0h; n = 30). The 4MT was administered mid-afternoon (1.5 hours after awakening for those who napped). Results Performance of the 5.0h and 6.5h nocturnal TIB groups was significantly impaired relative to the 9.0h control group. Performance of participants on the split- sleep schedule (5.0 + 1.5h) did not significantly differ from controls. Conclusions These findings suggest that hippocampal function is sensitive to moderate multi-night sleep restriction, but deficits can be ameliorated by splitting sleep, at least for a period after waking from a daytime nap. While this split sleep schedule should not be considered a replacement for adequate nocturnal sleep, it appears to benefit the cognitive and neurophysiological functions that underpin learning in those who are chronically sleep deprived.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cousins
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Elaine Van Rijn
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Ju Lynn Ong
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
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82
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Difficulties in Getting to Sleep and their Association with Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents: Does the Sleeping Duration Influence this Association? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051691. [PMID: 32150909 PMCID: PMC7084249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in adolescence with a negative impact on the mental health and functioning of adolescents. However, the roles of different sleep problems in relation to emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs), classified according to the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and social functioning disorders, are not clear. The first aim of the study was to investigate the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs in adolescents. The second aim was to explore the role of sleep duration in this association. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia. Presented are results for specific age groups of 13-year-old (N = 1909) and 15-year-old (N = 1293) adolescents. Subjective measures of sleep variables were used. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to assess associations between difficulties in getting to sleep, sleep duration and EBPs measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Modification of the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs by sleep duration was also explored. We found that difficulties in getting to sleep at least once a week as well as insufficient sleep (less than 8 h) increased the probability of EBPs. Interactions of sleep duration with difficulties in getting to sleep on EBPs were found to be non-significant. The results suggest that caregivers and clinicians should screen and intervene for both sleep quality and quantity problems in adolescents as they might indicate and promote EBPs.
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83
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Zhang WJ, Yan C, Shum D, Deng CP. Responses to academic stress mediate the association between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:89-98. [PMID: 31818801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep difficulties are pervasive in Chinese adolescents, which exert aversive influence on their emotional health. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. This study addressed whether stress responses mediate the concurrent and prospective relationship between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. METHOD 17,946 adolescents (14-18 years-old) were administrated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Responses to Stress Questionnaire. Further, 710 of them finished the one-year follow-up assessments. Structural equation models were conducted to determine the concurrent and prospective mediation effects of stress responses and the moderated effect of gender and age. RESULTS Involuntary engagement and disengagement responses, as well as engagement coping, significantly mediated the cross-sectional relationship between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms. Moreover, sleep difficulties at baseline predicted enhanced involuntary engagement responses but reduced the use of engagement coping strategies one year later, resulting in an elevated level of depressive/anxiety symptoms. Finally, females and younger adolescents with greater sleep difficulties were more likely to generate maladaptive stress responses. LIMITATIONS First, sleep difficulties were only measured using self-reported approaches. Second, potential confounding variables (e.g., socioeconomic status) were not adjusted for. Third, our study only focused on typically-developing youth samples rather than clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the important role of stress responses in the relationship between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms. The findings might also shed some light on the psychological intervention of sleep difficulties and mood disorder in adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - David Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
| | - Ci-Ping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
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84
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Naveed S, Lakka T, Haapala EA. An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E953. [PMID: 32033054 PMCID: PMC7037721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy diet has been associated with overweight, obesity, increased cardiometabolic risk, and recently, to impaired cognition and academic performance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the associations between health behaviors and cognition and academic achievement in children and adolescents under 18 years of age with a special reference to diet quality. Dietary patterns with a low consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, and high in fast food, sausages, and soft drinks have been linked to poor cognition and academic achievement. The studies on the associations between the high intake of saturated fat and red meat and low intake of fiber and high-fiber grain products with cognition are limited. The available evidence and physiological mechanisms suggest that diet may have direct, indirect, and synergistic effects on brain and cognition with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and sleep, but the associations have been modest. Therefore, integrating a healthy diet, physically active lifestyle, and adequate sleep may provide optimal circumstances for brain development and learning. We conclude that most of the existing literature is contained in cross-sectional studies, which therefore highlights the need for longitudinal and intervention studies on the effects of diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep on cognition and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Naveed
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.L.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Timo Lakka
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.L.); (E.A.H.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.L.); (E.A.H.)
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Gorgoni M, D'Atri A, Scarpelli S, Reda F, De Gennaro L. Sleep electroencephalography and brain maturation: developmental trajectories and the relation with cognitive functioning. Sleep Med 2020; 66:33-50. [PMID: 31786427 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - A D'Atri
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - S Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - F Reda
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - L De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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86
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Park BK. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Associated Factors in Middle-school Students: A Cross-sectional Study. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2020; 26:55-63. [PMID: 35004450 PMCID: PMC8650888 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current level of sleep quality among Korean middle-school students using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality. Methods The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 744 middle-school students. The questionnaire included the PSQI and health-related questions, such as the types of diseases they had been diagnosed with and the frequency of hospital admissions. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear multiple regression. Results The global PSQI score was 4.21, which indicated good sleep quality. The major factors that were associated with the sleep quality of middle-school students were the number of diseases they had been diagnosed with (β=.54, p=.001) and atopic dermatitis (β=.32, p=.001). In addition, asthma and the frequency of hospital admissions were significant factors influencing each component of the PSQI. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that sleep quality was associated with several health-related factors. Thus, nurses, school nurses, and nursing researchers may need to assess the health-related factors associated with adolescents' sleep quality as part of efforts to improve their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Kyung Park
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Perfect MM. Sleep-related disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: current insights. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:101-123. [PMID: 32104119 PMCID: PMC7023878 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s152555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition that results from destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Several reviews have concluded that sleep contributes to poor glycemic control, diabetes management, and diabetes-related complications in individuals with T1DM and represents an untapped opportunity for intervention. However, at the current juncture, the American Diabetes Association's Standards of Medical Care are devoid of recommendations about how to address sleep in the management of T1DM. This article summarizes reviews of sleep in youth and adults with T1DM and empirical studies that have examined various sleep parameters ranging from sleep disturbances (general, perceived sleep quality, sleepiness, awakenings, and sleep efficiency), sleep duration, sleep consistency, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and sleep architecture. The data show that many individuals with T1DM sleep less than recommendations; individuals with the poorest sleep have difficulties with diabetes management; and sleep deficiency including SDB often corresponds to several disease morbidities (neuropathy, nephropathy, etc). Mixed findings exist regarding direct associations of various sleep parameters and glycemic control. SDB appears to be just as prevalent, if not more, than other conditions that have been recommended for universal screening in individuals with T1DM. The article concludes with recommendations for collaborative research efforts to further elucidate the role of sleep in diabetes-related outcomes; investigations to test behavioral strategies to increase sleep quantity and consistency; and considerations for clinical care to address sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Perfect
- Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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88
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Tarokh L, Short M, Crowley SJ, Fontanellaz-Castiglione CEG, Carskadon MA. Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Adolescence. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-019-00155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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89
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Wang Y, Yip T. Sleep Facilitates Coping: Moderated Mediation of Daily Sleep, Ethnic/Racial Discrimination, Stress Responses, and Adolescent Well‐Being. Child Dev 2019; 91:e833-e852. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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90
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Associations between cognitive performance and sigma power during sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, healthy children, and healthy adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224166. [PMID: 31648258 PMCID: PMC6812820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma power during sleep is associated with cognitive abilities in healthy humans. We examined the relationship between sigma power in sleep EEG and intelligence and alertness in schoolchildren with ADHD (n = 17) in comparison to mentally healthy children (n = 16) and adults (n = 23). We observed a positive correlation between sigma power in sleep stage 2 and IQ in healthy adults but a negative correlation in children with ADHD. Furthermore, children with ADHD showed slower reaction times in alertness testing than both control groups. In contrast, only healthy children displayed a positive correlation between sigma power and reaction times. These data suggest that the associations between sigma power and cognitive performance underlie distinct developmental processes. A negative association between IQ and sigma power indicates a disturbed function of sleep in cognitive functions in ADHD, whereas the function of sleep appears to be matured early in case of motor-related alertness performance.
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Network-based Responses to the Psychomotor Vigilance Task during Lapses in Adolescents after Short and Extended Sleep. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13913. [PMID: 31558730 PMCID: PMC6763427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) have revealed brain regions involved in attention lapses in sleep-deprived and well-rested adults. Those studies have focused on individual brain regions, rather than integrated brain networks, and have overlooked adolescence, a period of ongoing brain development and endemic short sleep. This study used functional MRI (fMRI) and a contemporary analytic approach to assess time-resolved peri-stimulus response of key brain networks when adolescents complete the PVT, and test for differences across attentive versus inattentive periods and after short sleep versus well-rested states. Healthy 14–17-year-olds underwent a within-subjects randomized protocol including 5-night spans of extended versus short sleep. PVT was performed during fMRI the morning after each sleep condition. Event-related independent component analysis (eICA) identified coactivating functional networks and corresponding time courses. Analysis of salient time course characteristics tested the effects of sleep condition, lapses, and their interaction. Seven eICA networks were identified supporting attention, executive control, motor, visual, and default-mode functions. Attention lapses, after either sleep manipulation, were accompanied by broadly increased response magnitudes post-stimulus and delayed peak responses in some networks. Well-circumscribed networks respond during the PVT in adolescents, with timing and intensity impacted by attentional lapses regardless of experimentally shortened or extended sleep.
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Abstract
As pediatricians, we can all recall an adolescent patient who presents with fatigue. She is groggy in the morning before school, sometimes nods off in class, and then drinks a caffeinated beverage in the afternoon. She sends text messages to friends before going to bed shortly after midnight. After getting a bit of history from her, the parents complain that she has poor sleep habits while the teenage yawns and then rolls her eyes at being outed. For many adolescents, sleep restriction is a conscious choice that is made, as teens are juggling school responsibilities, extracurricular activities, and social interactions. This article is intended to help primary care pediatricians understand the causes of insufficient sleep in teenagers and gives tips on how to address common sleep issues. There is serious morbidity associated with poor sleep in adolescents, including mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, increased obesity risk, and higher rates of drowsy driving. It is my hope that a few tips from this article will help prevent some of these serious sequelae. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(8):e292-e295.].
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Rabat A, Arnal PJ, Monnard H, Erblang M, Van Beers P, Bougard C, Drogou C, Guillard M, Sauvet F, Leger D, Gomez-Merino D, Chennaoui M. Limited Benefit of Sleep Extension on Cognitive Deficits During Total Sleep Deprivation: Illustration With Two Executive Processes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:591. [PMID: 31275098 PMCID: PMC6594410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep extension has been associated with better alertness and sustained attention capacities before, during and after sleep loss. However, less is known about such beneficial effect on executive functions (EFs). Our aim was to investigate such effects on two EFs (i.e., inhibition and working memory) for subjects submitted to total sleep deprivation and one-night of recovery. Methods: Fourteen healthy men (26-37 years old) participated in an experimental cross-over design with two conditions: extended sleep (EXT, 9.8 ± 0.1 h of Time In Bed, TIB) and habitual sleep (HAB, 8.2 ± 0.1 h TIB). During these two conditions subjects underwent two consecutive phases: Six nights of either EXT or HAB followed by 3 days in-laboratory: baseline (BASE), TSD (38 h) and after recovery (REC). EFs capacities were assessed through Go-NoGo (inhibition) and 2N-Back (working memory) tasks. Both EFs capacities were measured at different time (BASE/TSD/REC: 09:30, 13:00, 16:00; TSD: 21:00, 00:00, 03:00, 06:30). Results: In both conditions (HAB and EXT), TSD was associated with deficits in inhibition (higher errors and mean reaction time from TSD 09:30 until the end; p < 0.05) and working memory (lower corrects responses from TSD 06:30 or 09:30; p < 0.05). We observed no significant differences between HAB and EXT conditions on EFs capacities during BASE, TSD, and REC periods. Conclusion: Six nights of sleep extension is neither efficient to reduce core EFs deficits related to TSD nor to improve such capacities after a recovery night. These results highlight that sleep extension (six nights of 10 h of TIB) is not effective to limit EFs deficits related to TSD suggesting a disconnection inside cognition between executive and sustained attention processes. Clinical Trials: NCT02352272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Rabat
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Pierrick J. Arnal
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hortense Monnard
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Clément Bougard
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Damien Leger
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Alertness and Sleep Center, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Miadich SA, Doane LD, Davis MC, Lemery-Chalfant K. Early parental positive personality and stress: Longitudinal associations with children's sleep. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:629-650. [PMID: 31004419 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examined the influence of early parental stress and positive parent personality during infancy on sleep in middle childhood. Further, the role of positive parent personality as a buffer of the association between parental stress and sleep was considered. METHODS Participants included 381 twins and their primary caregivers who were recruited from birth records in the United States. Primary caregivers completed survey assessments via phone when twins were 12 and 30 months of age to assess multiple dimensions of parental stress and positive parent personality. Approximately 6 years later (M = 5.78, SD = 0.42), twins participated in an intensive assessment that included wearing actigraph watches to provide an objective measurement of sleep, while primary caregivers completed daily diaries regarding twins' sleep. RESULTS Positive parent personality was associated prospectively with longer actigraphy sleep duration and higher parent-reported sleep quality/daytime functioning. Parental stress was associated prospectively with greater variability in sleep duration. Positive parent personality moderated the parental stress - sleep-timing relation, such that greater parental stress was associated with a later midpoint of the sleep period only for children with parents low on positive personality (e.g., low optimism). All other findings were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that both positive attributes and stress may influence sleep in middle childhood and that low parent positive personality may exacerbate associations between parental stress and later timing of sleep periods in children. Early interventions to promote healthy sleeping may consider focusing on decreasing parental stress and increasing parental empathy and optimism as early as infancy. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Early-life experiences, especially adversity, have been related to health outcomes among adults and children, such that negative experiences are associated with poor health outcomes. Poor sleep (e.g., short duration, poor quality) among children is associated with negative outcomes including poorer cognitive performance and higher adiposity. What does this study add? This study used a prospective design to understand relations between early parent-related factors and child sleep. Early parental stress and positive parent personality were associated with objective sleep quality. Positive parent personality during infancy may have promotive/protective influences on sleep later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mary C Davis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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95
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Gruber R, Somerville G, Finn C. School-based sleep health education in Canada. Sleep Med 2019; 56:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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96
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Spruyt K, Herbillon V, Putois B, Franco P, Lachaux JP. Mind-wandering, or the allocation of attentional resources, is sleep-driven across childhood. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1269. [PMID: 30718835 PMCID: PMC6362223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-wandering or the spontaneous, uncontrolled changes in the allocation of attention resources (lapses) may cause variability in performance. In childhood, the relationship between the activation state of the brain, such as in attentional performance, and sleep has not been explored in detail. We investigated the role of sleep in attentional performance, and explored the most important parameters of their relationship. We objectively measured momentary lapses of attention of 522 children and correlated them with sleep schedules. In the subgroup of young children (age 7.1 ± 0.6 years; 60.8% girls), increasing age, long sleep duration and assessment closer to the previous night’s sleep period was associated with impaired performance speed and consistency. From pre-adolescence (age 9.4 ± 0.8 years; 50.5% girls) onwards somno-typologies may develop. As a result, in adolescence (age 13.4 ± 1.2 years; 51.3% girls) not only sleep duration but also sleep midpoint and sleep regularity influence the individual speed and stability of attention. Across development, regularity of sleep, individual sleep midpoint and bedtime become increasingly important for optimal performance throughout the day. Attentional performance and sleep shared almost half of their variance, and performance was sleep-driven across childhood. Future studies should focus on intra- and inter-individual differences in sleep-wake behavior to improve performance or decrease mind-wandering in youth by targeting sleep habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Spruyt
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292 - Waking Team, University Claude Bernard, School of Medicine, Lyon, France.
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Putois
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Franco
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292 - Waking Team, University Claude Bernard, School of Medicine, Lyon, France.,Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, University Hospitals of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS5292 - Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, University Claude Bernard, School of Medicine, Lyon, France
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Kusztor A, Raud L, Juel BE, Nilsen AS, Storm JF, Huster RJ. Sleep deprivation differentially affects subcomponents of cognitive control. Sleep 2019; 42:5289257. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kusztor
- Department of Psychology, Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Liisa Raud
- Department of Psychology, Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn E Juel
- Brain Signalling Group, Section for Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - André S Nilsen
- Brain Signalling Group, Section for Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan F Storm
- Brain Signalling Group, Section for Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rene J Huster
- Department of Psychology, Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Adelantado-Renau M, Beltran-Valls MR, Migueles JH, Artero EG, Legaz-Arrese A, Capdevila-Seder A, Moliner-Urdiales D. Associations between objectively measured and self-reported sleep with academic and cognitive performance in adolescents: DADOS study. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12811. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jairo H. Migueles
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Enrique G. Artero
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences; University of Almería; Almería Spain
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024); CERNEP Research Center; University of Almería; Almería Spain
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Abstract
Objective/Background: The impact of midday napping on neurocognitive function in adolescents has not been well established. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-reported midday-napping behaviors and neurocognitive function in early adolescents. Participants: The sample was comprised of 363 early adolescents (12.00 ± 0.38 years old) from Jintan, China. Methods: Midday napping, nighttime sleep duration, and sleep quality were measured by self-reported questionnaires. Neurocognitive function was measured by the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (accuracy and reaction times). Generalized linear regression was used to analyze the relationships. Results: Sixty-four percent of our sample took more than 3 naps per week, and 70.11% reported nap durations of over 30 min. Participants with higher frequencies or longer durations of midday napping reported significantly better nighttime sleep quality (p < 0.05). Adjusted models showed that frequent nappers (5-7d/week) were significantly associated with heightened accuracy on tasks that measured sustained attention and nonverbal reasoning and faster reaction times on spatial memory compared with other frequency groups (ps < 0.05). For napping duration subgroups, early adolescents who took naps of any length were estimated to have faster reaction speeds on the sustained attention task compared with participants who never napped (ps < 0.05). However, only nappers with a moderate duration (31-60 min) tended to achieve both faster speeds (β = -38.28, p = 0.02) and better accuracy (β = 3.90, p = 0.04) on the sustained attention task. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there is an association between habitual midday napping and neurocognitive function in early adolescents, especially in China, where midday napping is a cultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ji
- School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Junxin Li
- School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Correspondence: Jianghong Liu, PhD, RN, FAAN, Associate Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing and School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6096, Tel: (215) 898-8293; Fax: (215) 573-7492,
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100
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A review of developmental consequences of poor sleep in childhood. Sleep Med 2018; 60:3-12. [PMID: 30660750 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a fairly diverse and complex construct to operationalize in a scientific and naturalistic context. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of reviews published in the last 5 years on poor sleep and developmental outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 42 articles (or 1117 studies) qualified. They reported outcomes related to poor sleep investigated as sleep disorders (38.1%), sleep 'in general' (26.2%), sleep duration (23.8%), in terms of circadian rhythm (4.8%), intra-individual variability (2.4%), and napping (2.4%). Sleep was primarily subjectively reported (30.2%), yet the methodology of sleep assessment was often neither tabulated nor discussed. Overall, most papers had a health-scope, being primarily weight problems expressed as body mass index. Its relationship with performance was measured with the Wechsler intelligence tests, the child behavior checklist and the continuous performance test, whereas meta-analytic papers specifically focused on cognition with sleep disorder (i.e. sleep-disordered breathing; 38.6%), on health (i.e. weight) with sleep duration (25%) and behavior with sleep 'in general' (15.9%), having a high true variance. Nevertheless, an aggregated effect size d of 0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.42) suggests that poor sleep is moderately affecting a child's performance and health. In conclusion, poor sleep can no longer be disregarded, yet methodologies that are more rigorous and a scope beyond health may foster a better understanding of the role of (poor) sleep across childhood neurodevelopment.
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