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Streit D, Shanmugam T, Garbelyanski A, Simm S, Schleiff E. The Existence and Localization of Nuclear snoRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana Revisited. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1016. [PMID: 32806552 PMCID: PMC7464842 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is one cell function-defining process. It depends on efficient transcription of rDNAs in the nucleolus as well as on the cytosolic synthesis of ribosomal proteins. For newly transcribed rRNA modification and ribosomal protein assembly, so-called small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) are required. For both, an inventory was established for model systems like yeast and humans. For plants, many assignments are based on predictions. Here, RNA deep sequencing after nuclei enrichment was combined with single molecule species detection by northern blot and in vivo fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based localization studies. In addition, the occurrence and abundance of selected snoRNAs in different tissues were determined. These approaches confirm the presence of most of the database-deposited snoRNAs in cell cultures, but some of them are localized in the cytosol rather than in the nucleus. Further, for the explored snoRNA examples, differences in their abundance in different tissues were observed, suggesting a tissue-specific function of some snoRNAs. Thus, based on prediction and experimental confirmation, many plant snoRNAs can be proposed, while it cannot be excluded that some of the proposed snoRNAs perform alternative functions than are involved in rRNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Streit
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.S.); (T.S.); (A.G.); (S.S)
| | - Thiruvenkadam Shanmugam
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.S.); (T.S.); (A.G.); (S.S)
| | - Asen Garbelyanski
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.S.); (T.S.); (A.G.); (S.S)
| | - Stefan Simm
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.S.); (T.S.); (A.G.); (S.S)
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.S.); (T.S.); (A.G.); (S.S)
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies (FIAS), D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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52
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Firmino AAP, Gorka M, Graf A, Skirycz A, Martinez-Seidel F, Zander K, Kopka J, Beine-Golovchuk O. Separation and Paired Proteome Profiling of Plant Chloroplast and Cytoplasmic Ribosomes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E892. [PMID: 32674508 PMCID: PMC7411607 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional preparation methods of plant ribosomes fail to resolve non-translating chloroplast or cytoplasmic ribosome subunits from translating fractions. We established preparation of these ribosome complexes from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf, root, and seed tissues by optimized sucrose density gradient centrifugation of protease protected plant extracts. The method co-purified non-translating 30S and 40S ribosome subunits separated non-translating 50S from 60S subunits, and resolved assembled monosomes from low oligomeric polysomes. Combining ribosome fractionation with microfluidic rRNA analysis and proteomics, we characterized the rRNA and ribosomal protein (RP) composition. The identity of cytoplasmic and chloroplast ribosome complexes and the presence of ribosome biogenesis factors in the 60S-80S sedimentation interval were verified. In vivo cross-linking of leaf tissue stabilized ribosome biogenesis complexes, but induced polysome run-off. Omitting cross-linking, the established paired fractionation and proteome analysis monitored relative abundances of plant chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosome fractions and enabled analysis of RP composition and ribosome associated proteins including transiently associated biogenesis factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Augusto Pereira Firmino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
| | - Michal Gorka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
| | - Alexander Graf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
| | - Federico Martinez-Seidel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kerstin Zander
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
| | - Olga Beine-Golovchuk
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.G.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (F.M.-S.); (K.Z.); (J.K.); (O.B.-G.)
- Heidelberg University, Biochemie-Zentrum, Nuclear Pore Complex and Ribosome Assembly, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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53
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Pontvianne F, Grob S. Three-dimensional nuclear organization in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:479-488. [PMID: 32240449 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of plant three-dimensional nuclear architecture received increasing attention. Enabled by technological advances, our knowledge on nuclear architecture has greatly increased and we can now access large data sets describing its manifold aspects. The principles of nuclear organization in plants do not significantly differ from those in animals. Plant nuclear organization comprises various scales, ranging from gene loops to topologically associating domains to nuclear compartmentalization. However, whether plant three-dimensional chromosomal features also exert similar functions as in animals is less clear. This review discusses recent advances in the fields of three-dimensional chromosome folding and nuclear compartmentalization and describes a novel silencing mechanism, which is closely linked to nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pontvianne
- UPVD, LGDP, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.
- CNRS, LGDP, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.
| | - Stefan Grob
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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54
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Martinez-Seidel F, Beine-Golovchuk O, Hsieh YC, Kopka J. Systematic Review of Plant Ribosome Heterogeneity and Specialization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32670337 PMCID: PMC7332886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants dedicate a high amount of energy and resources to the production of ribosomes. Historically, these multi-protein ribosome complexes have been considered static protein synthesis machines that are not subject to extensive regulation but only read mRNA and produce polypeptides accordingly. New and increasing evidence across various model organisms demonstrated the heterogeneous nature of ribosomes. This heterogeneity can constitute specialized ribosomes that regulate mRNA translation and control protein synthesis. A prominent example of ribosome heterogeneity is seen in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, which, due to genome duplications, has multiple paralogs of each ribosomal protein (RP) gene. We support the notion of plant evolution directing high RP paralog divergence toward functional heterogeneity, underpinned in part by a vast resource of ribosome mutants that suggest specialization extends beyond the pleiotropic effects of single structural RPs or RP paralogs. Thus, Arabidopsis is a highly suitable model to study this phenomenon. Arabidopsis enables reverse genetics approaches that could provide evidence of ribosome specialization. In this review, we critically assess evidence of plant ribosome specialization and highlight steps along ribosome biogenesis in which heterogeneity may arise, filling the knowledge gaps in plant science by providing advanced insights from the human or yeast fields. We propose a data analysis pipeline that infers the heterogeneity of ribosome complexes and deviations from canonical structural compositions linked to stress events. This analysis pipeline can be extrapolated and enhanced by combination with other high-throughput methodologies, such as proteomics. Technologies, such as kinetic mass spectrometry and ribosome profiling, will be necessary to resolve the temporal and spatial aspects of translational regulation while the functional features of ribosomal subpopulations will become clear with the combination of reverse genetics and systems biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinez-Seidel
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yin-Chen Hsieh
- Bioinformatics Subdivision, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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Park SH, Kim HS, Kalita PJ, Choi SB. Structural and functional similarities and differences in nucleolar Pumilio RNA-binding proteins between Arabidopsis and the charophyte Chara corallina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:230. [PMID: 32448230 PMCID: PMC7247198 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pumilio RNA-binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved throughout eukaryotes and are involved in RNA decay, transport, and translation repression in the cytoplasm. Although a majority of Pumilio proteins function in the cytoplasm, two nucleolar forms have been reported to have a function in rRNA processing in Arabidopsis. The species of the genus Chara have been known to be most closely related to land plants, as they share several characteristics with modern Embryophyta. RESULTS In this study, we identified two putative nucleolar Pumilio protein genes, namely, ChPUM2 and ChPUM3, from the transcriptome of Chara corallina. Of the two ChPUM proteins, ChPUM2 was most similar in amino acid sequence (27% identity and 45% homology) and predicted protein structure to Arabidopsis APUM23, while ChPUM3 was similar to APUM24 (35% identity and 54% homology). The transient expression of 35S:ChPUM2-RFP and 35S:ChPUM3-RFP showed nucleolar localization of fusion proteins in tobacco leaf cells, similar to the expression of 35S:APUM23-GFP and 35S:APUM24-GFP. Moreover, 35S:ChPUM2 complemented the morphological defects of the apum23 phenotypes but not those of apum24, while 35S:ChPUM3 could not complement the apum23 and apum24 mutants. Similarly, the 35S:ChPUM2/apum23 plants rescued the pre-rRNA processing defect of apum23, but 35S:ChPUM3/apum24+/- plants did not rescue that of apum24. Consistent with these complementation results, a known target RNA-binding sequence at the end of the 18S rRNA (5'-GGAAUUGACGG) for APUM23 was conserved in Arabidopsis and C. corallina, whereas a target region of ITS2 pre-rRNA for APUM24 was 156 nt longer in C. corallina than in A. thaliana. Moreover, ChPUM2 and APUM23 were predicted to have nearly identical structures, but ChPUM3 and APUM24 have different structures in the 5th C-terminal Puf RNA-binding domain, which had a longer random coil in ChPUM3 than in APUM24. CONCLUSIONS ChPUM2 of C. corallina was functional in Arabidopsis, similar to APUM23, but ChPUM3 did not substitute for APUM24 in Arabidopsis. Protein homology modeling showed high coverage between APUM23 and ChPUM2, but displayed structural differences between APUM24 and ChPUM3. Together with the protein structure of ChPUM3 itself, a short ITS2 of Arabidopsis pre-rRNA may interrupt the binding of ChPUM3 to 3'-extended 5.8S pre-rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Park
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Sae Kim
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Prakash Jyoti Kalita
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea.
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56
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Ethylene is Involved in Symptom Development and Ribosomal Stress of Tomato Plants upon Citrus Exocortis Viroid Infection. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050582. [PMID: 32370199 PMCID: PMC7285140 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) is known to cause different symptoms in citrus trees, and its mechanism of infection has been studied in tomato as an experimental host, producing ribosomal stress on these plants. Some of the symptoms caused by CEVd in tomato plants resemble those produced by the phytohormone ethylene. The present study is focused on elucidating the relationship between CEVd infection and ethylene on disease development. To this purpose, the ethylene insensitive Never ripe (Nr) tomato mutants were infected with CEVd, and several aspects such as susceptibility to infection, defensive response, ethylene biosynthesis and ribosomal stress were studied. Phenotypic characterization revealed higher susceptibility to CEVd in these mutants, which correlated with higher expression levels of both defense and ethylene biosynthesis genes, as well as the ribosomal stress marker SlNAC082. In addition, Northern blotting revealed compromised ribosome biogenesis in all CEVd infected plants, particularly in Nr mutants. Our results indicate a higher ethylene biosynthesis in Nr mutants and suggest an important role of this phytohormone in disease development and ribosomal stress caused by viroid infection.
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57
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Luo A, Zhan H, Zhang X, Du H, Zhang Y, Peng X. Cytoplasmic ribosomal protein L14B is essential for fertilization in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110394. [PMID: 32005399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins not only participate in protein synthesis, but also have specific roles in developmental regulation. However, the high heterogeneity of plant ribosome makes our understanding of these proteins very limited. Here we reported that RPL14B, a component of the ribosome large subunit, is critical for fertilization in Arabidopsis. RPL14B is existed in a majority of organs and tissues. No homozygous rpl14b mutant is available, indicating that RPL14B is irreplaceable for sexual reproduction. Smaller-sized rpl14b pollens could germinate normally, but pollen tube competitiveness is grievously weakened. Beside, cell fate specification is impaired in female gametophytes from heterozygous rpl14b/RPL14B ovules, resulting in defect of micropylar pollen tube attraction. However, this defect could be restored by restricted expression of RPL14B in synergid cells. Successful fertilization requires normal pollen tube growth and precise pollen tube guidance. Thus our results show a novel role of RPL14B in fertilization and shed new light on regulatory mechanism of pollen tube growth and precise pollen tube guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Luo
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hewei Du
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China.
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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58
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Slovak R, Setzer C, Roiuk M, Bertels J, Göschl C, Jandrasits K, Beemster GTS, Busch W. Ribosome assembly factor Adenylate Kinase 6 maintains cell proliferation and cell size homeostasis during root growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2064-2076. [PMID: 31665812 PMCID: PMC7028144 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
From the cellular perspective, organ growth is determined by production and growth of cells. Uncovering how these two processes are coordinated is essential for understanding organogenesis and regulation of organ growth. We utilized phenotypic and genetic variation of 252 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for identifying genes underlying root growth variation; using a T-DNA line candidate approach, we identified one gene involved in root growth control and characterized its function using microscopy, root growth kinematics, G2/M phase cell count, ploidy levels and ribosome polysome profiles. We identified a factor contributing to root growth control: Arabidopsis Adenylate Kinase 6 (AAK6). AAK6 is required for normal cell production and normal cell elongation, and its natural genetic variation is involved in determining root growth differences between Arabidopsis accessions. A lack of AAK6 reduces cell production in the aak6 root apex, but this is partially compensated for by longer mature root cells. Thereby, aak6 mutants exhibit compensatory cell enlargement, a phenomenon unexpected in roots. Moreover, aak6 plants accumulate 80S ribosomes while the polysome profile remains unchanged, consistent with a phenotype of perturbed ribosome biogenesis. In conclusion, AAK6 impacts ribosome abundance, cell production and thereby root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Slovak
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna Biocenter (VBC)Dr Bohr‐Gasse 31030ViennaAustria
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Claudia Setzer
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna Biocenter (VBC)Dr Bohr‐Gasse 31030ViennaAustria
| | - Mykola Roiuk
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL)Vienna Biocenter (VBC)Dr Bohr‐Gasse 91030ViennaAustria
| | - Jonas Bertels
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES)Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Christian Göschl
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna Biocenter (VBC)Dr Bohr‐Gasse 31030ViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Jandrasits
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna Biocenter (VBC)Dr Bohr‐Gasse 31030ViennaAustria
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES)Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna Biocenter (VBC)Dr Bohr‐Gasse 31030ViennaAustria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology LaboratorySalk Institute For Biological Studies10010 N Torrey Pines RdLa JollaCA92037USA
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Liang Q, Geng Q, Jiang L, Liang M, Li L, Zhang C, Wang W. Protein methylome analysis in Arabidopsis reveals regulation in RNA-related processes. J Proteomics 2020; 213:103601. [PMID: 31809900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein methylation has been proposed as an important post-translational modification, which occurs predominantly on lysine and arginine residues. Recent discoveries have revealed that protein methylation is also present on non-histones besides histones, and plays critical roles in regulating protein stability and function. However, proteome-wide identification of methylated proteins in plants remains unexplored. Here, we present the first global survey of monomethyl arginine, symmetric and asymmetric dimethyl arginine, and monomethyl, dimethyl, trimethyl lysine modifications in the proteomes of 10-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings through a combination of immunoaffinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis. In total, we identified 617 methylation sites which mapped to 412 proteins, with 263 proteins harboring 381 lysine methylation sites and 149 proteins harboring 236 arginine methylation sites. Among them, 607 methylation sites on 408 proteins were novel findings. Motif analysis revealed that glycine preferentially flanked methylated arginine residues, whereas aspartate and glutamate enriched around mono- and dimethylated lysine sites. Methylated proteins were involved in a variety of metabolic processes, showing significant enrichment in RNA-related metabolic pathways including spliceosome, RNA transport, and ribosome. Our data provide a global view of methylated non-histone proteins in Arabidopsis, laying foundations for elucidating the biological function of protein methylation in plants. SIGNIFICANCE: Protein methylation has emerged as a common and important modification both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The identification of methylated sites/peptides is fundamental for further functional analysis of protein methylation. This study was the first proteome-scale identification of lysine and arginine methylation in plants. We found that methylation occurred widely on non-histone proteins in Arabidopsis and was involved in diverse biological functions. The results provide foundations for the investigation of the protein methylome in Arabidopsis and provide powerful resources for the functional analysis of protein methylation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghe Geng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co.Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Linhan Li
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co.Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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60
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The Ins and Outs of Autophagic Ribosome Turnover. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121603. [PMID: 31835634 PMCID: PMC6952998 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis in all organisms and their biogenesis and number are tightly controlled to maintain homeostasis in changing environmental conditions. While ribosome assembly and quality control mechanisms have been extensively studied, our understanding of ribosome degradation is limited. In yeast or animal cells, ribosomes are degraded after transfer into the vacuole or lysosome by ribophagy or nonselective autophagy, and ribosomal RNA can also be transferred directly across the lysosomal membrane by RNautophagy. In plants, ribosomal RNA is degraded by the vacuolar T2 ribonuclease RNS2 after transport by autophagy-related mechanisms, although it is unknown if a selective ribophagy pathway exists in plants. In this review, we describe mechanisms of turnover of ribosomal components in animals and yeast, and, then, discuss potential pathways for degradation of ribosomal RNA and protein within the vacuole in plants.
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61
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Cottilli P, Belda-Palazón B, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Perreault JP, Schleiff E, Rodrigo I, Ferrando A, Lisón P. Citrus exocortis viroid causes ribosomal stress in tomato plants. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8649-8661. [PMID: 31392997 PMCID: PMC6895259 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroids are naked RNAs that do not code for any known protein and yet are able to infect plants causing severe diseases. Because of their RNA nature, many studies have focused on the involvement of viroids in RNA-mediated gene silencing as being their pathogenesis mechanism. Here, the alterations caused by the Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) on the tomato translation machinery were studied as a new aspect of viroid pathogenesis. The presence of viroids in the ribosomal fractions of infected tomato plants was detected. More precisely, CEVd and its derived viroid small RNAs were found to co-sediment with tomato ribosomes in vivo, and to provoke changes in the global polysome profiles, particularly in the 40S ribosomal subunit accumulation. Additionally, the viroid caused alterations in ribosome biogenesis in the infected tomato plants, affecting the 18S rRNA maturation process. A higher expression level of the ribosomal stress mediator NAC082 was also detected in the CEVd-infected tomato leaves. Both the alterations in the rRNA processing and the induction of NAC082 correlate with the degree of viroid symptomatology. Taken together, these results suggest that CEVd is responsible for defective ribosome biogenesis in tomato, thereby interfering with the translation machinery and, therefore, causing ribosomal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cottilli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama
- RNA Group, Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée au Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Perreault
- RNA Group, Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée au Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants & Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Science, Goethe University; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies; Frankfurt/Main 60438, Germany
| | - Ismael Rodrigo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Purificación Lisón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia 46022, Spain
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Li PC, Ma JJ, Zhou XM, Li GH, Zhao CZ, Xia H, Fan SJ, Wang XJ. Arabidopsis MDN1 Is Involved in the Establishment of a Normal Seed Proteome and Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1118. [PMID: 31552080 PMCID: PMC6746975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and formation are the beginning and ending, respectively, of a plant life cycle. These two processes are under fine regulation by the internal genetic information. Previously, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis MIDASIN 1 (MDN1) is required for ribosome biogenesis, and its dysfunction leads to pleiotropic developmental phenotypes, including impaired embryogenesis and slow seed germination. In this study, we further found that the weak mutant of MDN1, mdn1-1, exhibits an increased seed size phenotype. Seed proteomic analysis reveals that a number of proteins involved in seed development and response to external environments are mis-regulated by the MDN1 dysfunction. Many 2S seed storage proteins (SSPs) and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are over-accumulated in the dry seeds of mdn1-1. Further, some genes encoding seed storage reserves are also upregulated in mdn1-1 seedlings. More interestingly, abscisic acid-insensitive 5 (ABI5) is over-accumulated in mdn1-1 seeds, and the loss of its function partially rescues the low seed germination rate of mdn1-1. Together, this study further demonstrates that MDN1 is essential for establishing a normal seed proteome, and its mutation triggers ABI5-mediated repression of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ma
- College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Meng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Han Xia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Jun Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
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Palm D, Streit D, Shanmugam T, Weis BL, Ruprecht M, Simm S, Schleiff E. Plant-specific ribosome biogenesis factors in Arabidopsis thaliana with essential function in rRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1880-1895. [PMID: 30576513 PMCID: PMC6393314 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
rRNA processing and assembly of ribosomal proteins during maturation of ribosomes involve many ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs). Recent studies identified differences in the set of RBFs in humans and yeast, and the existence of plant-specific RBFs has been proposed as well. To identify such plant-specific RBFs, we characterized T-DNA insertion mutants of 15 Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding nuclear proteins with nucleotide binding properties that are not orthologues to yeast or human RBFs. Mutants of nine genes show an altered rRNA processing ranging from inhibition of initial 35S pre-rRNA cleavage to final maturation events like the 6S pre-rRNA processing. These phenotypes led to their annotation as 'involved in rRNA processing' - IRP. The irp mutants are either lethal or show developmental and stress related phenotypes. We identified IRPs for maturation of the plant-specific precursor 5'-5.8S and one affecting the pathway with ITS2 first cleavage of the 35S pre-rRNA transcript. Moreover, we realized that 5'-5.8S processing is essential, while a mutant causing 6S accumulation shows only a weak phenotype. Thus, we demonstrate the importance of the maturation of the plant-specific precursor 5'-5.8S for plant development as well as the occurrence of an ITS2 first cleavage pathway in fast dividing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deniz Streit
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thiruvenkadam Shanmugam
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Weis
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maike Ruprecht
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 69 798 29285; Fax: +49 69 798 29286;
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64
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Kovacevic J, Palm D, Jooss D, Bublak D, Simm S, Schleiff E. Co-orthologues of ribosome biogenesis factors in A. thaliana are differentially regulated by transcription factors. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:937-949. [PMID: 31087154 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Different genes coding for one ribosome biogenesis factor are differentially expressed and are likely under the control of distinct transcription factors, which contributes to the regulatory space for ribosome maturation. Maturation of ribosomes including rRNA processing and modification, rRNA folding and ribosome protein association requires the function of many ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs). Recent studies document plant-specific variations of the generally conserved process of ribosome biogenesis. For instance, distinct rRNA maturation pathways and intermediates have been identified, the existence of plant specific RBFs has been proposed and several RBFs are encoded by multiple genes. The latter in combination with the discussed ribosome heterogeneity points to a possible function of the different proteins representing one RBF in diversification of ribosomal compositions. Such factor-based regulation would require a differential regulation of their expression, may be even controlled by different transcription factors. We analyzed the expression profiles of genes coding for putative RBFs and transcription factors. Most of the genes coding for RBFs are expressed in a comparable manner, while different genes coding for a single RBF are often differentially expressed. Based on a selected set of genes we document a function of the transcription factors AtMYC1, AtMYC2, AtbHLH105 and AtMYB26 on the regulation of different RBFs. Moreover, on the example of the RBFs LSG1 and BRX1, both encoded by two genes, we give a first hint on a differential transcription factor dependence of expression. Consistent with this observation, the phenotypic analysis of RBF mutants suggests a relation between LSG1-1 and BRX1-1 expression and the transcription factor MYC1. In summary, we propose that the multiple genes coding for one RBF are required to enlarge the regulatory space for ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kovacevic
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Biocenter/Max von Laue Straße 9/N200/R3.02, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denise Palm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Biocenter/Max von Laue Straße 9/N200/R3.02, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Domink Jooss
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Biocenter/Max von Laue Straße 9/N200/R3.02, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Bublak
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Biocenter/Max von Laue Straße 9/N200/R3.02, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Biocenter/Max von Laue Straße 9/N200/R3.02, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Biocenter/Max von Laue Straße 9/N200/R3.02, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Palm D, Streit D, Ruprecht M, Simm S, Scharf C, Schleiff E. Late ribosomal protein localization in Arabidopsis thaliana differs to that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1437-1444. [PMID: 30186745 PMCID: PMC6120241 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is essential for cellular function and involves rRNA synthesis, rRNA processing and modification, and ribosomal protein assembly. Ribosome biogenesis factors and small nucleolar RNA assist these events. Ribosomal maturation takes place in the nucleolus, the nucleoplasm, and the cytosol in a coordinated and controlled manner. For example, some ribosomal proteins are thought to be assembled in the cytoplasm based on the observations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we used cellular fractionation to demonstrate that cleavage of the 20S intermediate, the precursor to mature 18S rRNA, does not occur in the nucleoplasm of Arabidopsis thaliana. It most likely occurs in the cytoplasm. Further, we verified the proposed localization of RPS10e, RPS26e, and RPL24a/b in the nucleus and RPP1 in the nucleolus of A. thaliana by ribosome profiling, immunofluorescence, and analysis of the localization of GFP fusion proteins. Our results suggest that the order of events during ribosomal protein assembly in the ribosome biogenesis pathway differs between plants and yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchman Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Deniz Streit
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Maike Ruprecht
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced StudiesFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of GreifswaldGermany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular BiosciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchman Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced StudiesFrankfurt am MainGermany
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66
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Maekawa S, Ueda Y, Yanagisawa S. Overexpression of a Brix Domain-Containing Ribosome Biogenesis Factor ARPF2 and its Interactor ARRS1 Causes Morphological Changes and Lifespan Extension in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1177. [PMID: 30210511 PMCID: PMC6120060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Brix domain is a conserved domain in several proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis in yeast and animals. In the Arabidopsis genome, six Brix domain-containing proteins are encoded; however, their molecular functions have not been fully characterized, as yet. Here we report the functional analysis of a Brix domain-containing protein, ARPF2, which is homologous to yeast Rpf2 that plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis as a component of the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle. By phenotypic characterization of arpf2 mutants, histochemical GUS staining, and analysis using green fluorescence protein, we show that ARPF2 is an essential and ubiquitously expressed gene encoding a nucleolar protein. Co-immunoprecipitation and split-GFP-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that ARPF2 interacts with a protein named ARRS1, which is homologous to yeast Rrs1 that forms a complex with Rpf2 in yeast. Furthermore, the result of RNA immunoprecipitation assay indicated that ARPF2 interacts with 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or the precursor of 5S rRNA, as well as with the internal transcribed spacer 2 in the precursors of 25S rRNA. Most intriguingly, we found that the overexpression of ARPF2 and ARRS1 leads to characteristic phenotypes, including short stem, abnormal leaf morphology, and long lifespan, in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that the function of Brix domain-containing ARPF2 protein in ribosome biogenesis is intimately associated with the growth and development in plants.
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Siqueira JA, Hardoim P, Ferreira PCG, Nunes-Nesi A, Hemerly AS. Unraveling Interfaces between Energy Metabolism and Cell Cycle in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:731-747. [PMID: 29934041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oscillation in energy levels is widely variable in dividing and differentiated cells. To synchronize cell proliferation and energy fluctuations, cell cycle-related proteins have been implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy-generating pathways in yeasts and animals. Plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria, coordinating the cell energy flow. Recent findings suggest an integrated regulation of these organelles and the nuclear cell cycle. Furthermore, reports indicate a set of interactions between the cell cycle and energy metabolism, coordinating the turnover of proteins in plants. Here, we discuss how cell cycle-related proteins directly interact with energy metabolism-related proteins to modulate energy homeostasis and cell cycle progression. We provide interfaces between cell cycle and energy metabolism-related proteins that could be explored to maximize plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antonio Siqueira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil; These authors share first authorship
| | - Pablo Hardoim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil; These authors share first authorship
| | - Paulo C G Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Hemerly
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil.
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68
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Wang H, Wang K, Du Q, Wang Y, Fu Z, Guo Z, Kang D, Li WX, Tang J. Maize Urb2 protein is required for kernel development and vegetative growth by affecting pre-ribosomal RNA processing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1233-1246. [PMID: 29479724 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cells. Although Urb2 protein has been implicated in ribosome biogenesis in yeast, the Urb2 domain is loosely conserved between plants and yeast, and the function of Urb2 protein in plants remains unknown. Here, we isolated a maize mutant, designated as urb2, with defects in kernel development and vegetative growth. Positional cloning and transgenic analysis revealed that urb2 encodes an Urb2 domain-containing protein. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the urb2 mutant showed decreased ratios of 60S/40S and 80S/40S and increased ratios of polyribosomes. The pre-rRNA intermediates of 35/33S rRNA, P-A3 and 18S-A3 were significantly accumulated in the urb2 mutant. Transcriptome profiling of the urb2 mutant indicated that ZmUrb2 affects the expression of a number of ribosome-related genes. We further demonstrated that natural variations in ZmUrb2 are significantly associated with maize kernel length. The overall results indicate that, by affecting pre-rRNA processing, the Urb2 protein is required for ribosome biogenesis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingguo Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dingming Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Abstract
The processes involved in ribosome biogenesis, including synthesis of ribosomal proteins, ribosome biogenesis-related factors, and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), must be coordinately orchestrated in response to changes in energy supply. In animal cells, defects in ribosome biogenesis induce a nucleolar stress response through the p53-mediated pathway. Our recent finding that an essential, sugar-inducible Arabidopsis gene, APUM24, encoded a pre-rRNA processing factor allowed the relationships between rRNA biogenesis, nucleolar stress, sugar response, and growth regulation to be understood in plants. A knockdown mutant of APUM24 developed sugar-dependent phenotypes including pre-rRNA processing defects, reductions in nucleolar size, and limited promotion of leaf and root growth. Alongside the absence of plant p53 homologs and the synchronous sugar-induced expression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes, these findings suggest the following hypothesis. Sugar supply may enhance ribosome biogenesis defects, leading to p53-independent induction of nucleolar stress responses that include negative regulation of growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Maekawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CONTACT Shuichi Yanagisawa Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 - 8657, Japan
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Zhang A, Han D, Wang Y, Mu H, Zhang T, Yan X, Pang Q. Transcriptomic and proteomic feature of salt stress-regulated network in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) root based on de novo assembly sequencing analysis. PLANTA 2018; 247:715-732. [PMID: 29185033 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome activation and sugar metabolic process mainly act on the regulation of salt tolerance in the bioenergy crop Helianthus tuberosus L. as dissected by integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Helianthus tuberosus L. is an important halophyte plant that can survive in saline-alkali soil. It is vitally necessary to build an available genomic resource to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in H. tuberosus. De novo assembly and annotation of transcriptomes were built for H. tuberosus using a HiSeq 4000 platform. 293,823 transcripts were identified and annotated into 190,567 unigenes. In addition, iTRAQ-labeled quantitative proteomics was carried out to detect global protein profiling as a response to salt stress. Comparative omics analysis showed that 5432 genes and 43 proteins were differentially expressed in H. tuberosus under salt stress, which were enriched in the following processes: carbohydrate metabolism, ribosome activation and translation, oxidation-reduction and ion binding. The reprogramming of transcript and protein works suggested that the induced activity of ribosome and sugar signaling may endue H. tuberosus with salt tolerance. With high-quality sequencing and annotation, the obtained transcriptomics and proteomics provide a robust genomic resource for dissecting the regulatory molecular mechanism of H. tuberosus in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Zhang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dongming Han
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huifang Mu
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Huang KC, Lin WC, Cheng WH. Salt hypersensitive mutant 9, a nucleolar APUM23 protein, is essential for salt sensitivity in association with the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:40. [PMID: 29490615 PMCID: PMC5831739 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the nucleolus involves two major functions: pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis/assembly, increasing evidence indicates that it also plays important roles in response to abiotic stress. However, the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying the nucleolar proteins responsive to abiotic stress are largely unknown. High salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, which hinders plant growth and productivity. Here, genetic screening approach was used to identify a salt hypersensitive mutant 9 (sahy9) mutant, also known as apum23, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Functional characterization of SAHY9/APUM23 through analyses of gene/protein expression profiles and metabolites was performed to decipher the possible regulatory mechanisms of the nucleolar protein SAHY9/APUM23 in response to salt stress. RESULTS Seedlings of the sahy9/apum23 mutant displayed postgermination developmental arrest and then became bleached after prolonged culture under various salt stresses. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of salt-treated sahy9/apum23 and wild-type seedlings revealed differential expression of genes/proteins that have similar functional categories of biological processes, primarily those involved in cellular and metabolic processes as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the consistency of differential gene expression at both the transcript and protein levels was low (~ 12%), which suggests the involvement of posttranscriptional processing during the salt response. Furthermore, the altered expression of genes and proteins mediated by SAHY9/APUM23 regarding salt sensitivity involves abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling, abiotic stress responses, and ribosome biogenesis-related genes. Importantly, NCED3, ABI2, PP2CA, and major ABA-responsive marker genes, such as RD20 and RD29B, were down-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels in conjunction with lower contents of ABA and changes in the expression of a subset of LEA proteins in sahy9/apum23 mutants under salt stress. Moreover, the salt hypersensitivity of the sahy9/apum23 mutant was largely rescued by the exogenous application of ABA during salt stress. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that SAHY9/APUM23 regulated the expression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes and proteins, which further affected the ribosome composition and abundance, and potential posttranscriptional regulation. The salt hypersensitivity of sahy9/apum23 is associated with the ABA-mediated signaling pathway and the downstream stress-responsive network of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chau Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of the RIO atypical kinase family in plants. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:669-683. [PMID: 29892951 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the right open reading frame (RIO) atypical kinase family are present in all three domains of life. In eukaryotes, three subfamilies have been identified: RIO1, RIO2, and RIO3. Studies have shown that the yeast and human RIO1 and RIO2 kinases are essential for the biogenesis of small ribosomal subunits. Thus far, RIO3 has been found only in multicellular eukaryotes. In this study, we systematically identified members of the RIO gene family in 37 species representing the major evolutionary lineages in Viridiplantae. A total of 84 RIO genes were identified; among them, 41 were classified as RIO1 and 43 as RIO2. However, no RIO3 gene was found in any of the species examined. Phylogenetic trees constructed for plant RIO1 and RIO2 proteins were generally congruent with the species phylogeny. Subcellular localization analyses showed that the plant RIO proteins were localized mainly in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. Expression profile analysis of rice, maize, and Arabidopsis RIO genes in different tissues revealed similar expression patterns between RIO1 and RIO2 genes, and their expression levels were high in certain tissues. In addition, the expressions of plant RIO genes were regulated by two drugs: mycophenolic acid and actinomycin D. Function prediction using genome-wide coexpression analysis revealed that most plant RIO genes may be involved in ribosome biogenesis. Our results will be useful for the evolutionary analysis of the ancient RIO kinase family and provide a basis for further functional characterization of RIO genes in plants.
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73
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Proteomic approaches to uncover the flooding and drought stress response mechanisms in soybean. J Proteomics 2018; 172:201-215. [PMID: 29133124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is the important crop with abundant protein, vegetable oil, and several phytochemicals. With such predominant values, soybean is cultivated with a long history. However, flooding and drought stresses exert deleterious effects on soybean growth. The present review summarizes the morphological changes and affected events in soybean exposed to such extreme-water conditions. Sensitive organ in stressed soybean at different-developmental stages is presented based on protein profiles. Protein quality control and calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum are discussed in soybean under both stresses. In addition, the way of calcium homeostasis in mediating protein folding and energy metabolism is addressed. Finally, stress response to flooding and drought is systematically demonstrated. This review concludes the recent findings of plant response to flooding and drought stresses in soybean employed proteomic approaches. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Soybean is considered as traditional-health food because of nutritional elements and pharmacological values. Flooding and drought exert deleterious effects to soybean growth. Proteomic approaches have been employed to elucidate stress response in soybean exposed to flooding and drought stresses. In this review, stress response is presented on organ-specific manner in the early-stage plant and soybean seedling exposed to combined stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced by both stresses; and stress-response in the ER is addressed in the root tip of early-stage soybean. Moreover, calcium-response processes in stressed plant are described in the ER and in the cytosol. Additionally, stress-dependent response was discussed in flooded and drought-stressed plant. This review depicts stress response in the sensitive organ of stressed soybean and forms the basis to develop molecular markers related to plant defense under flooding and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
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74
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Ohbayashi I, Sugiyama M. Plant Nucleolar Stress Response, a New Face in the NAC-Dependent Cellular Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2247. [PMID: 29375613 PMCID: PMC5767325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the most prominent nuclear domain, where the core processes of ribosome biogenesis occur vigorously. All these processes are finely orchestrated by many nucleolar factors to build precisely ribosome particles. In animal cells, perturbations of ribosome biogenesis, mostly accompanied by structural disorders of the nucleolus, cause a kind of cellular stress to induce cell cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis, which is called nucleolar stress response. The best-characterized pathway of this stress response involves p53 and MDM2 as key players. p53 is a crucial transcription factor that functions in response to not only nucleolar stress but also other cellular stresses such as DNA damage stress. These cellular stresses release p53 from the inhibition by MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting p53, in various ways, which leads to p53-dependent activation of a set of genes. In plants, genetic impairments of ribosome biogenesis factors or ribosome components have been shown to cause characteristic phenotypes, including a narrow and pointed leaf shape, implying a common signaling pathway connecting ribosomal perturbations and certain aspects of growth and development. Unlike animals, however, plants have neither p53 nor MDM2 family proteins. Then the question arises whether plant cells have a nucleolar stress response pathway. In recent years, it has been reported that several members of the plant-specific transcription factor family NAC play critical roles in the pathways responsive to various cellular stresses. In this mini review, we outline the plant cellular stress response pathways involving NAC transcription factors with reference to the p53-MDM2-dependent pathways of animal cells, and discuss the possible involvement of a plant-unique, NAC-mediated pathway in the nucleolar stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwai Ohbayashi
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Munetaka Sugiyama
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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75
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Kojima K, Tamura J, Chiba H, Fukada K, Tsukaya H, Horiguchi G. Two Nucleolar Proteins, GDP1 and OLI2, Function As Ribosome Biogenesis Factors and Are Preferentially Involved in Promotion of Leaf Cell Proliferation without Strongly Affecting Leaf Adaxial-Abaxial Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2240. [PMID: 29375609 PMCID: PMC5767255 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf abaxial-adaxial patterning is dependent on the mutual repression of leaf polarity genes expressed either adaxially or abaxially. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this process is strongly affected by mutations in ribosomal protein genes and in ribosome biogenesis genes in a sensitized genetic background, such as asymmetric leaves2 (as2). Most ribosome-related mutants by themselves do not show leaf abaxialization, and one of their typical phenotypes is the formation of pointed rather than rounded leaves. In this study, we characterized two ribosome-related mutants to understand how ribosome biogenesis is linked to several aspects of leaf development. Previously, we isolated oligocellula2 (oli2) which exhibits the pointed-leaf phenotype and has a cell proliferation defect. OLI2 encodes a homolog of Nop2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a ribosome biogenesis factor involved in pre-60S subunit maturation. In this study, we found another pointed-leaf mutant that carries a mutation in a gene encoding an uncharacterized protein with a G-patch domain. Similar to oli2, this mutant, named g-patch domain protein1 (gdp1), has a reduced number of leaf cells. In addition, gdp1 oli2 double mutants showed a strong genetic interaction such that they synergistically impaired cell proliferation in leaves and produced markedly larger cells. On the other hand, they showed additive phenotypes when combined with several known ribosomal protein mutants. Furthermore, these mutants have a defect in pre-rRNA processing. GDP1 and OLI2 are strongly expressed in tissues with high cell proliferation activity, and GDP1-GFP and GFP-OLI2 are localized in the nucleolus. These results suggest that OLI2 and GDP1 are involved in ribosome biogenesis. We then examined the effects of gdp1 and oli2 on adaxial-abaxial patterning by crossing them with as2. Interestingly, neither gdp1 nor oli2 strongly enhanced the leaf polarity defect of as2. Similar results were obtained with as2 gdp1 oli2 triple mutants although they showed severe growth defects. These results suggest that the leaf abaxialization phenotype induced by ribosome-related mutations is not merely the result of a general growth defect and that there may be a sensitive process in the ribosome biogenesis pathway that affects adaxial-abaxial patterning when compromised by a mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kojima
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Tamura
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Chiba
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Fukada
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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76
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Liu Y, Imai R. Function of Plant DExD/H-Box RNA Helicases Associated with Ribosomal RNA Biogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:125. [PMID: 29472942 PMCID: PMC5809497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a highly complex process that requires several cofactors, including DExD/H-box RNA helicases (RHs). RHs are a family of ATPases that rearrange the secondary structures of RNA and thus remodel ribonucleoprotein complexes. DExD/H-box RHs are found in most organisms and play critical roles in a variety of RNA-involved cellular events. In human and yeast cells, many DExD/H box RHs participate in multiple steps of ribosome biogenesis and regulate cellular proliferation and stress responses. In plants, several DExD/H-box RHs have been demonstrated to be associated with plant development and abiotic stress tolerance through their functions in modulating pre-rRNA processing. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic roles of DExD/H-box RHs in rRNA biogenesis and other biological functions. We also describe the overall function of the DExD/H-box RH family in ribosome biogenesis based on data from human and yeast.
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Kalinina NO, Makarova S, Makhotenko A, Love AJ, Taliansky M. The Multiple Functions of the Nucleolus in Plant Development, Disease and Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:132. [PMID: 29479362 PMCID: PMC5811523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the most conspicuous domain in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, whose main function is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. However, there is growing evidence that the nucleolus is also implicated in many other aspects of cell biology, such as regulation of cell cycle, growth and development, senescence, telomerase activity, gene silencing, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the first part of the review, we briefly assess the traditional roles of the plant nucleolus in rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis as well as possible functions in other RNA regulatory pathways such as splicing, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and RNA silencing. In the second part of the review we summarize recent progress and discuss already known and new hypothetical roles of the nucleolus in plant growth and development. In addition, this part will highlight studies showing new nucleolar functions involved in responses to pathogen attack and abiotic stress. Cross-talk between the nucleolus and Cajal bodies is also discussed in the context of their association with poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP), which is known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes including growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Kalinina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Natalia O. Kalinina
| | - Svetlana Makarova
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonida Makhotenko
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael Taliansky
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Michael Taliansky
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78
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Bao H, Wang N, Wang C, Jiang Y, Liu J, Xu L, Wu J, Shi Y. Structural basis for the specific recognition of 18S rRNA by APUM23. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:12005-12014. [PMID: 29036323 PMCID: PMC5714250 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PUF (Pumilio/fem-3 mRNA binding factor) proteins, a conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, recognize specific single-strand RNA targets in a specific modular way. Although plants have a greater number of PUF protein members than do animal and fungal systems, they have been the subject of fewer structural and functional investigations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of APUM23, a nucleolar PUF protein in the plant Arabidopsis, in pre-rRNA processing. APUM23 is distinct from classical PUF family proteins, which are located in the cytoplasm and bind to 3'UTRs of mRNA to modulate mRNA expression and localization. We found that the complete RNA target sequence of APUM23 comprises 11 nt in 18S rRNA at positions 1141-1151. The complex structure shows that APUM23 has 10 PUF repeats; it assembles into a C-shape, with an insertion located within the inner concave surface. We found several different RNA recognition features. A notable structural feature of APUM23 is an insertion in the third PUF repeat that participates in nucleotide recognition and maintains the correct conformation of the target RNA. Our findings elucidate the mechanism for APUM23's-specific recognition of 18S rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Na Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chongyuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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79
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Shanmugam T, Abbasi N, Kim HS, Kim HB, Park NI, Park GT, Oh SA, Park SK, Muench DG, Choi Y, Park YI, Choi SB. An Arabidopsis divergent pumilio protein, APUM24, is essential for embryogenesis and required for faithful pre-rRNA processing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1092-1105. [PMID: 29031033 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pumilio RNA-binding proteins are largely involved in mRNA degradation and translation repression. However, a few evolutionarily divergent Pumilios are also responsible for proper pre-rRNA processing in human and yeast. Here, we describe an essential Arabidopsis nucleolar Pumilio, APUM24, that is expressed in tissues undergoing rapid proliferation and cell division. A T-DNA insertion for APUM24 did not affect the male and female gametogenesis, but instead resulted in a negative female gametophytic effect on zygotic cell division immediately after fertilization. Additionally, the mutant embryos displayed defects in cell patterning from pro-embryo through globular stages. The mutant embryos were marked by altered auxin maxima, which were substantiated by the mislocalization of PIN1 and PIN7 transporters in the defective embryos. Homozygous apum24 callus accumulates rRNA processing intermediates, including uridylated and adenylated 5.8S and 25S rRNA precursors. An RNA-protein interaction assay showed that the histidine-tagged recombinant APUM24 binds RNAin vitro with no apparent specificity. Overall, our results demonstrated that APUM24 is required for rRNA processing and early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvenkadam Shanmugam
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Nazia Abbasi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Sae Kim
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Ho Bang Kim
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Nam-Il Park
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
| | - Guen Tae Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Sung Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Douglas G Muench
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yeonhee Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-728, South Korea
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80
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Carvalho TFM, Silva JCF, Calil IP, Fontes EPB, Cerqueira FR. Rama: a machine learning approach for ribosomal protein prediction in plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16273. [PMID: 29176736 PMCID: PMC5701237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (RPs) play a fundamental role within all type of cells, as they are major components of ribosomes, which are essential for translation of mRNAs. Furthermore, these proteins are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. The intrinsic biological relevance of RPs motivated advanced studies for the identification of unrevealed RPs. In this work, we propose a new computational method, termed Rama, for the prediction of RPs, based on machine learning techniques, with a particular interest in plants. To perform an effective classification, Rama uses a set of fundamental attributes of the amino acid side chains and applies a two-step procedure to classify proteins with unknown function as RPs. The evaluation of the resultant predictive models showed that Rama could achieve mean sensitivity, precision, and specificity of 0.91, 0.91, and 0.82, respectively. Furthermore, a list of proteins that have no annotation in Phytozome v.10, and are annotated as RPs in Phytozome v.12, were correctly classified by our models. Additional computational experiments have also shown that Rama presents high accuracy to differentiate ribosomal proteins from RNA-binding proteins. Finally, two novel proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana were validated in biological experiments. Rama is freely available at http://inctipp.bioagro.ufv.br:8080/Rama .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Cleydson F Silva
- Computer Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iara Pinheiro Calil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Ribeiro Cerqueira
- Computer Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Production Engineering, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Petrópolis, 25650-050, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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81
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Meurer J, Schmid LM, Stoppel R, Leister D, Brachmann A, Manavski N. PALE CRESS binds to plastid RNAs and facilitates the biogenesis of the 50S ribosomal subunit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:400-413. [PMID: 28805278 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific PALE CRESS (PAC) protein has previously been shown to be essential for photoautotrophic growth. Here we further investigated the molecular function of the PAC protein. PAC localizes to plastid nucleoids and forms large proteinaceous and RNA-containing megadalton complexes. It co-immunoprecipitates with a specific subset of chloroplast RNAs including psbK-psbI, ndhF, ndhD, and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), as demonstrated by RNA immunoprecipitation in combination with high throughput RNA sequencing (RIP-seq) analyses. Furthermore, it co-migrates with premature 50S ribosomal particles and specifically binds to 23S rRNA in vitro. This coincides with severely reduced levels of 23S rRNA in pac leading to translational deficiencies and related alterations of plastid transcript patterns and abundance similar to plants treated with the translation inhibitor lincomycin. Thus, we conclude that deficiency in plastid ribosomes accounts for the pac phenotype. Moreover, the absence or reduction of PAC levels in the corresponding mutants induces structural changes of the 23S rRNA, as demonstrated by in vivo RNA structure probing. Our results indicate that PAC binds to the 23S rRNA to promote the biogenesis of the 50S subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Meurer
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Schmid
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rhea Stoppel
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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82
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Yin X, Komatsu S. Comprehensive analysis of response and tolerant mechanisms in early-stage soybean at initial-flooding stress. J Proteomics 2017; 169:225-232. [PMID: 28137666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops in the world; however, it is very sensitive to flooding stress, which markedly reduces its growth and yield. Morphological and biochemical changes such as an increase of fresh weight and a decrease of ATP content happen in early-stage soybean at initial-flooding stress, indicating that soybean responses to flooding stress are keys for its survival and seedling growth. Phosphoproteomics and nuclear proteomics are useful tools to detect protein-phosphorylation status and to identify transcriptional factors. In the review, the effect of flooding on soybean response to initial flooding stress is discussed based on recent results of proteomic, phosphoproteomic, nuclear proteomic, and nuclear phosphoproteomic studies. In addition, soybean survival under flooding stress, which is defined as tolerance mechanism, is discussed with the results of comprehensive analysis in flooding-tolerant mutant line and abscisic acid-treated soybean. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops in the world; however, it is very sensitive to flooding stress, especially soybean responses to initial flooding stress is key for its survival and seedling growth. Recently, proteomic techniques are applied to investigate the response and tolerant mechanisms of soybean at initial flooding condition. In this review, the progress in proteomic, phosphoproteomic, nuclear proteomic, and nuclear phosphoproteomic studies about the initial-flooding response mechanism in early-stage soybean is presented. In addition, the tolerant mechanism in soybean is discussed with the results of comprehensive analysis in flooding-tolerant mutant line and abscisic acid-treated soybean. Through this review, the key proteins and genes involved in initial flooding response and tolerance at early stage soybean are summarized and they contribute greatly to uncover response and tolerance mechanism at early stage under stressful environmental conditions in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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83
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Bassham DC, MacIntosh GC. Degradation of cytosolic ribosomes by autophagy-related pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 262:169-174. [PMID: 28716412 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential molecular machines that require a large cellular investment, yet the mechanisms of their turnover are not well understood in any eukaryotic organism. Recent advances in Arabidopsis suggest that plants utilize selective mechanisms to transport rRNA or ribosomes to the vacuole, where rRNA is degraded and the breakdown products recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on known mechanisms of rRNA turnover and explores unanswered questions on the specificity and pathways of ribosome turnover and the role of this process in maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Gustavo C MacIntosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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84
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Tomecki R, Sikorski PJ, Zakrzewska-Placzek M. Comparison of preribosomal RNA processing pathways in yeast, plant and human cells - focus on coordinated action of endo- and exoribonucleases. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1801-1850. [PMID: 28524231 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of ribosome biosynthesis is mandatory for cellular adaptation, growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis is the most energetically demanding cellular process, which requires tight control. Abnormalities in ribosome production have severe consequences, including developmental defects in plants and genetic diseases (ribosomopathies) in humans. One of the processes occurring during eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is processing of the ribosomal RNA precursor molecule (pre-rRNA), synthesized by RNA polymerase I, into mature rRNAs. It must not only be accurate but must also be precisely coordinated with other phenomena leading to the synthesis of functional ribosomes: RNA modification, RNA folding, assembly with ribosomal proteins and nucleocytoplasmic RNP export. A multitude of ribosome biogenesis factors ensure that these events take place in a correct temporal order. Among them are endo- and exoribonucleases involved in pre-rRNA processing. Here, we thoroughly present a wide spectrum of ribonucleases participating in rRNA maturation, focusing on their biochemical properties, regulatory mechanisms and substrate specificity. We also discuss cooperation between various ribonucleolytic activities in particular stages of pre-rRNA processing, delineating major similarities and differences between three representative groups of eukaryotes: yeast, plants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Tomecki
- Laboratory of RNA Biology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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85
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Golstein P. Conserved nucleolar stress at the onset of cell death. FEBS J 2017; 284:3791-3800. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Golstein
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐Luminy Aix Marseille Université Inserm, CNRS France
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86
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Pomiès L, Decourteix M, Franchel J, Moulia B, Leblanc-Fournier N. Poplar stem transcriptome is massively remodelled in response to single or repeated mechanical stimuli. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:300. [PMID: 28412928 PMCID: PMC5392906 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trees experience mechanical stimuli -like wind- that trigger thigmomorphogenetic syndrome, leading to modifications of plant growth and wood quality. This syndrome affects tree productivity but is also believed to improve tree acclimation to chronic wind. Wind is particularly challenging for trees, because of their stature and perenniality. Climate change forecasts are predicting that the occurrence of high wind will worsen, making it increasingly vital to understand the mechanisms regulating thigmomorphogenesis, especially in perennial plants. By extension, this also implies factoring in the recurring nature of wind episodes. However, data on the molecular processes underpinning mechanoperception and transduction of mechanical signals, and their dynamics, are still dramatically lacking in trees. Results Here we performed a genome-wide and time-series analysis of poplar transcriptional responsiveness to transitory and recurring controlled stem bending, mimicking wind. The study revealed that 6% of the poplar genome is differentially expressed after a single transient bending. The combination of clustering, Gene Ontology categorization and time-series expression approaches revealed the diversity of gene expression patterns and biological processes affected by stem bending. Short-term transcriptomic responses entailed a rapid stimulation of plant defence and abiotic stress signalling pathways, including ethylene and jasmonic acid signalling but also photosynthesis process regulation. Late transcriptomic responses affected genes involved in cell wall organization and/or wood development. An analysis of the molecular impact of recurring bending found that the vast majority (96%) of the genes differentially expressed after a first bending presented reduced or even net-zero amplitude regulation after the second exposure to bending. Conclusion This study constitutes the first dynamic characterization of the molecular processes affected by single or repeated stem bending in poplar. Moreover, the global attenuation of the transcriptional responses, observed from as early as after a second bending, indicates the existence of a mechanism governing a fine tuning of plant responsiveness. This points toward several mechanistic pathways that can now be targeted to elucidate the complex dynamics of wind acclimation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3670-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Pomiès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélanie Decourteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme Franchel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Moulia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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87
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Zhao H, Lü S, Xiong L. AtLSG1-2 Regulates Leaf Growth by Affecting Cell Proliferation and the Onset of Endoreduplication and Synergistically Interacts with AtNMD3 during Cell Proliferation Process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:337. [PMID: 28344588 PMCID: PMC5344897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AtLSG1-2 is a circularly permuted GTPase required for ribosome biogenesis and recently shown to be involved in early leaf development, although it was unclear how AtLSG1-2 affects leaf growth. Here, we found that atlsg1-2 mutants had reduced leaf size as a result of decreased cell size and cell number. Leaf kinematic analysis and CYCB1;1::GUS expression pattern in atlsg1-2 mutant indicated that loss of function of AtLSG1-2 delays the transition from cell division to cell expansion. Decreases in ploidy levels and trichome branch number suggest that AtLSG1-2 deficiency suppresses endoreduplication. Real-time PCR analysis showed that genes specifically expressed in the proliferation stage were highly expressed and those involved in endoreduplication were differentially regulated. LSG1 is known to mediate the recruitment of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein NMD3 back to the nucleus in yeast, yet their relationship was unclear in plants. Our genetic analysis revealed that the atlsg1 atnmd3 double mutant displayed enhanced phenotypes as compared with the respective single mutant and that AtLSG1-2 and AtNMD3 synergistically affect the cell proliferation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Zhao
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan Institute of BioengineeringWuhan, China
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiyou Lü
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Horticulture Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, USA
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research Center, DallasTX, USA
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88
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Chen YJC, Wang HJ, Jauh GY. Dual Role of a SAS10/C1D Family Protein in Ribosomal RNA Gene Expression and Processing Is Essential for Reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006408. [PMID: 27792779 PMCID: PMC5085252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are transcribed, processed, and assembled with ribosomal proteins in the nucleolus. Regulatory mechanisms of rRNA gene (rDNA) transcription and processing remain elusive in plants, especially their connection to nucleolar organization. We performed an in silico screen for essential genes of unknown function in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified Thallo (THAL) encoding a SAS10/C1D family protein. THAL disruption caused enlarged nucleoli in arrested embryos, aberrant processing of precursor rRNAs at the 5' External Transcribed Spacer, and repression of the major rDNA variant (VAR1). THAL overexpression lines showed de-repression of VAR1 and overall reversed effects on rRNA processing sites. Strikingly, THAL overexpression also induced formation of multiple nucleoli per nucleus phenotypic of mutants of heterochromatin factors. THAL physically associated with histone chaperone Nucleolin 1 (NUC1), histone-binding NUC2, and histone demethylase Jumonji 14 (JMJ14) in bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, suggesting that it participates in chromatin regulation. Furthermore, investigation of truncated THAL proteins revealed that the SAS10 C-terminal domain is likely important for its function in chromatin configuration. THAL also interacted with putative Small Subunit processome components, including previously unreported Arabidopsis homologue of yeast M Phase Phosphoprotein 10 (MPP10). Our results uncovering the dual role of THAL in transcription and processing events critical for proper rRNA biogenesis and nucleolar organization during reproduction are the first to define the function of SAS10/C1D family members in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jiun C. Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jing Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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89
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Arabidopsis small nucleolar RNA monitors the efficient pre-rRNA processing during ribosome biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11967-11972. [PMID: 27708161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614852113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome production in eukaryotes requires the complex and precise coordination of several hundred assembly factors, including many small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). However, at present, the distinct role of key snoRNAs in ribosome biogenesis remains poorly understood in higher plants. Here we report that a previously uncharacterized C (RUGAUGA)/D (CUGA) type snoRNA, HIDDEN TREASURE 2 (HID2), acts as an important regulator of ribosome biogenesis through a snoRNA-rRNA interaction. Nucleolus-localized HID2 is actively expressed in Arabidopsis proliferative tissues, whereas defects in HID2 cause a series of developmental defects reminiscent of ribosomal protein mutants. HID2 associates with the precursor 45S rRNA and promotes the efficiency and accuracy of pre-rRNA processing. Intriguingly, disrupting HID2 in Arabidopsis appears to impair the integrity of 27SB, a key pre-rRNA intermediate that generates 25S and 5.8S rRNA and is known to be vital for the synthesis of the 60S large ribosomal subunit and also produces an imbalanced ribosome profile. Finally, we demonstrate that the antisense-box of HID2 is both functionally essential and highly conserved in eukaryotes. Overall, our study reveals the vital and possibly conserved role of a snoRNA in monitoring the efficiency of pre-rRNA processing during ribosome biogenesis.
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90
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Gel-Free/Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins in Soybean Root Tips under Flooding and Drought Stresses. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2211-27. [PMID: 27224218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a widely cultivated crop; however, it is sensitive to flooding and drought stresses. The adverse environmental cues cause the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. To investigate the mechanisms in response to flooding and drought stresses, ER proteomics was performed in soybean root tips. The enzyme activity of NADH cytochrome c reductase was two-fold higher in the ER than other fractions, indicating that the ER was isolated with high purity. Protein abundance of ribosomal proteins was decreased under both stresses compared to control condition; however, the percentage of increased ribosomes was two-fold higher in flooding compared to drought. The ER proteins related to protein glycosylation and signaling were in response to both stresses. Compared to control condition, calnexin was decreased under both stresses; however, protein disulfide isomerase-like proteins and heat shock proteins were markedly decreased under flooding and drought conditions, respectively. Furthermore, fewer glycoproteins and higher levels of cytosolic calcium were identified under both stresses compared to control condition. These results suggest that reduced accumulation of glycoproteins in response to both stresses might be due to dysfunction of protein folding through calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Additionally, the increased cytosolic calcium levels induced by flooding and drought stresses might disturb the ER environment for proper protein folding in soybean root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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91
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Palm D, Simm S, Darm K, Weis BL, Ruprecht M, Schleiff E, Scharf C. Proteome distribution between nucleoplasm and nucleolus and its relation to ribosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. RNA Biol 2016; 13:441-54. [PMID: 26980300 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1154252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is an essential process initiated in the nucleolus. In eukaryotes, multiple ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) can be found in the nucleolus, the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. They act in processing, folding and modification of the pre-ribosomal (r)RNAs, incorporation of ribosomal proteins (RPs), export of pre-ribosomal particles to the cytoplasm, and quality control mechanisms. Ribosome biogenesis is best established for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant ortholog assignment to yeast RBFs revealed the absence of about 30% of the yeast RBFs in plants. In turn, few plant specific proteins have been identified by biochemical experiments to act in plant ribosome biogenesis. Nevertheless, a complete inventory of plant RBFs has not been established yet. We analyzed the proteome of the nucleus and nucleolus of Arabidopsis thaliana and the post-translational modifications of these proteins. We identified 1602 proteins in the nucleolar and 2544 proteins in the nuclear fraction with an overlap of 1429 proteins. For a randomly selected set of proteins identified by the proteomic approach we confirmed the localization inferred from the proteomics data by the localization of GFP fusion proteins. We assigned the identified proteins to various complexes and functions and found about 519 plant proteins that have a potential to act as a RBFs, but which have not been experimentally characterized yet. Last, we compared the distribution of RBFs and RPs in the various fractions with the distribution established for yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Simm
- a Institute for Molecular Biosciences.,b Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes
| | - Katrin Darm
- d Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | | | - Enrico Schleiff
- a Institute for Molecular Biosciences.,b Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes.,c Buchman Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , Max von Laue Str. Nine, Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- d Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery.,e Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße DZ7 J.05.06, Greifswald , Germany
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