51
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Banks APW, Lai FY, Mueller JF, Jiang G, Carter S, Thai PK. Potential impact of the sewer system on the applicability of alcohol and tobacco biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:530-538. [PMID: 28688172 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the actual consumption of alcohol and tobacco in the population is important for forming public health policy. For this purpose, wastewater-based epidemiology has been applied as a complementary method to estimate the overall alcohol and tobacco consumption in different communities. However, the stability of their consumption biomarkers - ethyl sulfate, ethyl glucuronide, cotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine - in the sewer system has not yet been assessed. This study aimed to conduct such assessment using sewer reactors mimicking conditions of rising main, gravity sewer, and wastewater alone, over a 12-hour period. The results show that cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine are relatively stable under all sewer conditions while ethyl sulfate was only stable in wastewater alone and gradually degraded in rising main and gravity sewer conditions. Ethyl glucuronide quickly degraded in all reactors. These findings suggest that cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine are good biomarkers to estimate tobacco consumption; ethyl sulfate may be used as a biomarker to estimate alcohol consumption, but its in-sewer loss should be accounted for in the calculation of consumption estimates. Ethyl glucuronide, and probably most of glucuronide compounds, are not suitable biomarkers to be used in wastewater-based epidemiology due to their in-sewer instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P W Banks
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Coopers Plains QLD, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Coopers Plains QLD, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Coopers Plains QLD, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Carter
- Queensland Health Forensic Scientific Services, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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52
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Li J, Gao J, Thai PK, Sun X, Mueller JF, Yuan Z, Jiang G. Stability of Illicit Drugs as Biomarkers in Sewers: From Lab to Reality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1561-1570. [PMID: 29285935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Systematic sampling and analysis of wastewater samples are increasingly adopted for estimating drug consumption in communities. An understanding of the in-sewer transportation and transformation of illicit drug biomarkers is critical for reducing the uncertainty of this evidence-based estimation method. In this study, biomarkers stability was investigated in lab-scale sewer reactors with typical sewer conditions. Kinetic models using the Bayesian statistics method were developed to simulate biomarkers transformation in reactors. Furthermore, a field-scale study was conducted in a real pressure sewer pipe with the systematical spiking and sampling of biomarkers and flow tracers. In-sewer degradation was observed for some spiked biomarkers over typical hydraulic retention time (i.e., a few hours). Results indicated that sewer biofilms prominently influenced biomarker stability with the retention time in wastewater. The fits between the measured and the simulated biomarkers transformation demonstrated that the lab-based model could be extended to estimate the changes of biomarkers in real sewers. Results also suggested that the variabilities of biotransformation and analytical accuracy are the two major contributors to the overall estimation uncertainty. Built upon many previous lab-scale studies, this study is one critical step forward in realizing wastewater-based epidemiology by extending biomarker stability investigations from laboratory reactors to real sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianfa Gao
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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53
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Chen Z, Lu J, Gao SH, Jin M, Bond PL, Yang P, Yuan Z, Guo J. Silver nanoparticles stimulate the proliferation of sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:163-171. [PMID: 29149671 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in cosmetics and textiles causes their release into sewer networks of urban water systems. Although a few studies have investigated antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles against environmental bacteria, little is known about potential impacts of the released AgNPs on sulfate reducing bacteria in sewers. Here, we investigated the effect of AgNPs on Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hidenborough (D. vulgaris), a typical sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) in sewer systems. We found AgNPs stimulated the proliferation of D. vulgaris, rather than exerting inhibitory or biocidal effects. Based on flow cytometer detections, both the cell growth rate and the viable cell ratio of D. vulgaris increased during exposure to AgNPs at concentrations of up to 100 mg/L. The growth stimulation was dependent on the AgNP concentration. These results imply that the presence of AgNPs in sewage may affect SRB abundance in sewer networks. Our findings also shed new lights on the interactions of nanoparticles and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Chen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Jin
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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54
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Sun J, Ni BJ, Sharma KR, Wang Q, Hu S, Yuan Z. Modelling the long-term effect of wastewater compositions on maximum sulfide and methane production rates of sewer biofilm. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:58-65. [PMID: 29132122 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reliable modelling of sulfide and methane production in sewer systems is required for efficient sewer emission management. Wastewater compositions affect sulfide and methane production kinetics through both its short-term variation influencing the substrate availability to sewer biofilms, and its long-term variation affecting the sewer biofilm structure. While the short-term effect is well considered in existing sewer models with the use of Monod or half-order equations, the long-term effect has not been explicitly considered in current sewer models suitable for network modelling. In this study, the long-term effect of wastewater compositions on sulfide and methane production activities in rising main sewers was investigated. A detailed biofilm model was firstly developed, and then calibrated and validated using experimental data measured during the entire biofilm development period of a laboratory sewer reactor. Based on scenario simulations using the detailed biofilm model, empirical equations describing the long-term effect of sulfate and sCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) concentrations on kH2S (the maximum sulfide production rate of sewer biofilm) and kCH4 (the maximum methane production rate of sewer biofilm) were proposed. These equations require further verification in future studies before their potential integration into network-wide sewer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Keshab Raj Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia.
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Gao J, Banks A, Li J, Jiang G, Lai FY, Mueller JF, Thai PK. Evaluation of in-sewer transformation of selected illicit drugs and pharmaceutical biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:1172-1181. [PMID: 28787791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is considered to be a useful tool for monitoring chemical consumption in the population. However, the lack of information on potential transformation of biomarkers in the sewer system can compromise the accuracy of the consumption estimation. The present study contributes to addressing this issue by investigating the in-sewer stability of biomarkers from a number of commonly used drugs using laboratory sewer reactors that can mimic different sewer conditions. A stable and an unstable chemical (carbamazepine and caffeine) were also used as benchmarking chemicals to reflect the chemical degradation potential in different sewer conditions. The results suggested that ketamine and norketamine were unstable in gravity and rising main sewers, ketamine was unstable in bulk liquid while norketamine was stable under the same condition. Similarly, mephedrone and methylone were unstable in sewer conditions with considerable deviation. Significant loss of buprenorphine, methadone, oxycodone and codeine was observed in the rising main sewer. Morphine and codeine glucuronide were found to be deconjugated from their glucuronides quickly in the presence of biofilms. This study indicates that it is important to evaluate the stability of biomarkers in the sewer system before using them in WBE for estimating consumption/exposure to reduce uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Gao
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Andrew Banks
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Jiaying Li
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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56
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Cayford BI, Jiang G, Keller J, Tyson G, Bond PL. Comparison of microbial communities across sections of a corroding sewer pipe and the effects of wastewater flooding. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:780-792. [PMID: 28956470 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1369050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the variation in microbially induced concrete corrosion communities at different circumferential locations of a real sewer pipe and the effects of a wastewater flooding event on the community. Three distinct microbial community groups were found in different corrosion samples. The physico-chemical properties of the corrosion layers and the microbial communities were distinct for the cross-sectional positions within the pipe, ie ceiling, wall and tidal zones. The microbial communities detected from the same positions in the pipe were consistent over the length of the pipe, as well as being consistent between the replicate pipes. The dominating ceiling communities were members of the bacterial orders Rhodospirillales, Acidithiobacillales, Actinomycetales, Xanthomonadales and Acidobacteriales. The wall communities were composed of members of the Xanthomonadales, Hydrogenophilales, Chromatiales and Sphingobacteriales. The tidal zones were dominated by eight bacterial and one archaeal order, with the common physiological trait of anaerobic metabolism. Sewage flooding within the sewer system did not change the tidal and wall communities, although the corrosion communities in ceiling samples were notably different, becoming more similar to the wall and tidal samples. This suggests that sewage flooding has a significant impact on the corrosion community in sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry I Cayford
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Jurg Keller
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Gene Tyson
- b Australian Centre for Ecogenomics , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- a Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia
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57
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Peng X, Tang T, Zhu X, Jia G, Ding Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Tang W. Remediation of acid mine drainage using microbial fuel cell based on sludge anaerobic fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2400-2409. [PMID: 27852149 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1262462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to utilize the microbial fuel cell for removing metals and sulfate from acid mine drainage using sewage sludge organics and simultaneous electricity generation. The enriched sulfate-reducing mixed culture was used as the cathodic biofilm and the sludge as the substrate. Under anaerobic conditions, 71.2% sulfate, 99.7% heavy metals, and 51.6% total chemical oxygen demand are removed at an electrode spacing of 4 cm and a sludge concentration of 30% (v/v) after 10-day treatment. A maximum power density of 51.3 mW/m2 is obtained. Approximately 79.5% of the dissipated sulfate is converted to element sulfur or polysulfides. The sulfide concentration is kept at below 20 mg-S/L. The concentrations of heavy metals are in the range of 0.02-0.06 mg/L in the effluent, which are far below the levels required by Chinese legislation. Microbial community analysis reveals that sulfate-reducing bacteria in Desulfuromonadales are dominant on the cathodic biofilm at the end of experiments. This study shows the potential of synchronous degradation of residual sludge and treatment of AMD with electricity harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianle Tang
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
- b School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine , Hainan Medical University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhu
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohui Jia
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanran Ding
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Chen
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Tang
- a College of Environment and Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou Hainan , People's Republic of China
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58
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He Z, Long X, Li L, Yu G, Chong Y, Xing W, Zhu Z. Temperature response of sulfide/ferrous oxidation and microbial community in anoxic sediments treated with calcium nitrate addition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:209-218. [PMID: 28104553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate-driven sulfide oxidation has been proved a cost-effective way to control sediments odor which has long been a universal problem for urban rivers in south China areas. In this work, sediments treatment experiments under a dynamic variation of temperature from 5 °C to 35 °C with 3% of calcium nitrate added were conducted to reveal the influence of temperature variation on this process. The results showed that microbial community was remarkably restructured by temperature variation. Pseudomonas (15.56-29.31%), Sulfurimonas (26.81%) and Thiobacillus (37.99%) were dominant genus at temperature of ≤15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. It seemed that species enrichment occurring at different temperature gradient resulted in the distinct variation of microbial community structure and diversity. Moreover, nitrate-driven sulfide and ferrous oxidation were proportionally promoted only when temperature increased above 15 °C. The dominant bacteria at high temperature stage were those genus that closely related to autotrophic nitrate-driven sulfide and ferrous oxidizing bacteria (e.g.Thiobacillus, Sulfurimonas and Thermomonas), revealing that promotion of sulfide/ferrous oxidation could be attributed to the change of dominant bacteria determined by temperature variation. Thus, a higher treatment efficiency by calcium nitrate addition for odor control would be achieved in summer than any other seasons in south China areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinxian Long
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Luyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yunxiao Chong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Xing
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziao Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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59
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Bao R, Zhang S, Zhao L, Zhong L. Simultaneous sulfide removal, nitrification, and electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell equipped with an oxic cathode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5326-5334. [PMID: 28013461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With sulfide as an anodic electron donor and ammonium as a cathodic substrate, the feasibility of simultaneous sulfide removal, nitrification, and electricity generation was investigated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) equipped with an oxic cathode. Successful simultaneous sulfide removal, nitrification, and electricity generation in this MFC were achieved in 35 days, with the sulfide and ammonium removal percent of 92.7 ± 1.4 and 96.4 ± 0.3%, respectively. The maximum power density increased, but the internal resistance decreased with the increase of feeding sulfide concentration from 62.9 ± 0.3 to 238.5 ± 0.2 mg S/L. Stable ammonium removal with complete nitrification, preparing for future denitrification, was obtained throughout the current study. Sulfide removal loading significantly increased with the increase of feeding sulfide concentration at each external resistance, but no significant correlation between sulfide removal loading and external resistance was found at each feeding sulfide concentration. The charge recovery and anodic coulombic efficiency (CE) significantly decreased with the increase of external resistance. High feeding sulfide concentration led to low anodic CE. Granular sulfur deposition was found on the anode graphite fiber. The appropriate feeding sulfide concentration for sulfide removal and sulfur deposition was deemed to be 178.0 ± 1.7 mg S/L, achieving a sulfur deposition percent of 69.7 ± 0.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbing Bao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liuxiang Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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60
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Liu X, Tao Y, Zhou K, Zhang Q, Chen G, Zhang X. Effect of water quality improvement on the remediation of river sediment due to the addition of calcium nitrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:887-894. [PMID: 27697351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ sediment remediation technique is commonly used to control the release of pollutants from sediment. Addition of calcium nitrate to sediment has been applied to control the release of phosphorus from sediments. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of water quality improvement on the remediation of river sediment with the addition of calcium nitrate. The results demonstrated that the redox-potential of sediments increased from -282mV to -130mV after 28days of calcium nitrate treatment. The acid volatile sulphide in the sediments significantly decreased (by 54.9% to 57.1%), whereas the total organic carbon decreased by 9.7% to 10.2%. However, the difference between these and water quality improvement was not significant. Due to the addition of calcium nitrate, low phosphate concentration in the water column and interstitial phosphate in the sediment were observed, indicating that the calcium nitrate was beneficial to controlling the release of phosphorus from river sediment. The decrease in phosphorus release could be attributed to the fixation of iron-phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus due to the addition of calcium nitrate. The addition of calcium nitrate to sediment caused the oxidation of sulphide to sulphate, hence resulting in high nitrate and sulphate concentrations in the water column, and high interstitial nitrate and sulphate concentrations in the sediment. The results also showed that only the water quality improvement had a significant effect on the interstitial nitrate and sulphate concentrations in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Kuiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Tsinghua-Kangda Research Institute of Environmental Nano-Engineering & Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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61
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Jain P, Sharma M, Dureja P, Sarma PM, Lal B. Bioelectrochemical approaches for removal of sulfate, hydrocarbon and salinity from produced water. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:96-108. [PMID: 27689889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the largest liquid waste stream generated during the exploration and drilling process of both the conventional hydrocarbon based resources like crude oil and natural gas, as well as the new fossil resources like shale gas and coal bed methane. Resource management, efficient utilization of the water resources, and water purification protocols are the conventionally used treatment methods applied to either treat or utilize the generated PW. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these conventional PW treatment strategies with special emphasises on electrochemical treatment. Key considerations associated with these approaches for efficient treatment of PW are also discussed. After a thorough assessment of the salient features of these treatment platforms, we propose a new strategy of uniquely integrating bioelectrochemical processes with biological system for more effective PW treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Jain
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, VasantKunj, New Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohita Sharma
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Dureja
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Banwari Lal
- TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, VasantKunj, New Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
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62
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Zhang C, Hu Z, Li P, Gajaraj S. Governing factors affecting the impacts of silver nanoparticles on wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:852-873. [PMID: 27542630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nanosilver or AgNPs) enter municipal wastewater from various sources, raising concerns about their potential adverse effects on wastewater treatment processes. We argue that the biological effects of silver nanoparticles at environmentally realistic concentrations (μgL-1 or lower) on the performance of a full-scale municipal water resource recovery facility (WRRF) are minimal. Reactor configuration is a critical factor that reduces or even mutes the toxicity of silver nanoparticles towards wastewater microbes in a full-scale WRRF. Municipal sewage collection networks transform silver nanoparticles into silver(I)-complexes/precipitates with low ecotoxicity, and preliminary/primary treatment processes in front of biological treatment utilities partially remove silver nanoparticles to sludge. Microbial functional redundancy and microbial adaptability to silver nanoparticles also greatly alleviate the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on the performance of a full-scale WRRF. Silver nanoparticles in a lab-scale bioreactor without a sewage collection system and/or a preliminary/primary treatment process, in contrast to being in a full scale system, may deteriorate the reactor performance at relatively high concentrations (e.g., mgL-1 levels or higher). However, in many cases, silver nanoparticles have minimal impacts on lab-scale bioreactors, such as sequencing batch bioreactors (SBRs), especially when at relatively low concentrations (e.g., less than 1mgL-1). The susceptibility of wastewater microbes to silver nanoparticles is species-specific. In general, silver nanoparticles have higher toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria than heterotrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ping Li
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shashikanth Gajaraj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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63
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Liang S, Zhang L, Jiang F. Indirect sulfur reduction via polysulfide contributes to serious odor problem in a sewer receiving nitrate dosage. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:421-428. [PMID: 27232986 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate dosing is commonly used to control hydrogen sulfide production in sewer systems. However, quick rebound of the sulfide concentration after nitrate depletion has been observed and results in more serious odor and corrosion problem. To investigate the mechanism of sulfide regeneration in the nitrate-free period, a laboratory-scale sewer reactor was run for 30 days to simulate sulfide production and oxidation with intermittent nitrate addition. The results show that nitrate addition substantially reduced the sulfide concentration, but the produced elemental sulfur was then quickly reduced back to sulfide in nitrate-free periods. This induced more and more sulfide production in the sewer reactor. Elemental sulfur and polysulfide reductions were found in the sewage in nitrate-free periods, showing their contributions to the sulfide regeneration. Through batch tests, polysulfide was confirmed as the key intermediate for accelerating sulfur reduction during the nitrate-free period in the sewer. Sulfide production rates significantly increased by 65% and 59% in the presences of tetrasulfide and sulfur with sulfide, respectively, at the beginning of the test. While polysulfide formation was prevented by the ferrous chloride addition, the sulfur reduction rate remarkably decreased from 12.8 mgS/L-h to 1.8 mgS/L-h. This indicates that direct sulfur reduction was significantly slower than the indirect sulfur reduction via polysulfide; the latter process could be the cause for the quick rebound of the sulfide concentration in the sewer with intermittent nitrate dosing. Thus, the pathways of sulfur transformations in a sewer, both in the presence and absence of nitrate, were proposed. Microbial community analysis results reveal that some common sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) genera in sewer sediment were possible sulfur reducers. According to this finding, the effect and strategy of nitrate dosing for hydrogen sulfide control in sewers should be re-evaluated and re-considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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64
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Liu Y, Ganigué R, Sharma K, Yuan Z. Event-driven model predictive control of sewage pumping stations for sulfide mitigation in sewer networks. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 98:376-383. [PMID: 27124127 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals such as Mg(OH)2 and iron salts are widely dosed to sewage for mitigating sulfide-induced corrosion and odour problems in sewer networks. The chemical dosing rate is usually not automatically controlled but profiled based on experience of operators, often resulting in over- or under-dosing. Even though on-line control algorithms for chemical dosing in single pipes have been developed recently, network-wide control algorithms are currently not available. The key challenge is that a sewer network is typically wide-spread comprising many interconnected sewer pipes and pumping stations, making network-wide sulfide mitigation with a relatively limited number of dosing points challenging. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an Event-driven Model Predictive Control (EMPC) methodology, which controls the flows of sewage streams containing the dosed chemical to ensure desirable distribution of the dosed chemical throughout the pipe sections of interests. First of all, a network-state model is proposed to predict the chemical concentration in a network. An EMPC algorithm is then designed to coordinate sewage pumping station operations to ensure desirable chemical distribution in the network. The performance of the proposed control methodology is demonstrated by applying the designed algorithm to a real sewer network simulated with the well-established SeweX model using real sewage flow and characteristics data. The EMPC strategy significantly improved the sulfide mitigation performance with the same chemical consumption, compared to the current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Automation Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Laboratori d' Enginyeria Químicai Ambiental (LEQUIA), University of Girona, Girona, 17003, Spain.
| | - Keshab Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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65
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Guo G, Wu D, Hao T, Mackey HR, Wei L, Wang H, Chen G. Functional bacteria and process metabolism of the Denitrifying Sulfur conversion-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (DS-EBPR) system: An investigation by operating the system from deterioration to restoration. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:289-299. [PMID: 27010789 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A sulfur conversion-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus (P) Removal (EBPR) system is being developed to cater for the increasing needs to treat saline/brackish wastewater resulting from seawater intrusion into groundwater and sewers and frequent use of sulfate coagulants during drinking water treatment, as well as to meet the demand for eutrophication control in warm climate regions. However, the major functional bacteria and metabolism in this emerging biological nutrient removal system are still poorly understood. This study was thus designed to explore the functional microbes and metabolism in this new EBPR system by manipulating the deterioration, failure and restoration of a lab-scale system. This was achieved by changing the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration to monitor and evaluate the relationships among sulfur conversion (including sulfate reduction and sulfate production), P removal, variation in microbial community structures, and stoichiometric parameters. The results show that the stable Denitrifying Sulfur conversion-associated EBPR (DS-EBPR) system was enriched by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). These bacteria synergistically participated in this new EBPR process, thereby inducing an appropriate level of sulfur conversion crucial for achieving a stable DS-EBPR performance, i.e. maintaining sulfur conversion intensity at 15-40 mg S/L, corresponding to an optimal sludge concentration of 6.5 g/L. This range of sulfur conversion favors microbial community competition and various energy flows from internal polymers (i.e. polysulfide or elemental sulfur (poly-S(2-)/S(0)) and poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA)) for P removal. If this range was exceeded, the system might deteriorate or even fail due to enrichment of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). Four methods of restoring the failed system were investigated: increasing the sludge concentration, lowering the salinity or doubling the COD loading, non of which restored SRB and SOB activities for DS-EBPR; only the final novel approach of adding 25 ± 5 mg S/L of external sulfide into the reactor at the beginning of the anoxic phase could efficiently restore the DS-EBPR system from failure. The present study represents a step towards understanding the DS-EBPR metabolism and provides an effective remedial measure for recovering a deteriorating or failed DS-EBPR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China.
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66
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Auguet O, Pijuan M, Borrego CM, Gutierrez O. Control of sulfide and methane production in anaerobic sewer systems by means of Downstream Nitrite Dosage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:1116-1125. [PMID: 26871557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioproduction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4) under anaerobic conditions in sewer pipes causes detrimental effects on both sewer facilities and surrounding environment. Among the strategies used to mitigate the production of both compounds, the addition of nitrite (NO2(-)) has shown a greater long-term inhibitory effect compared with other oxidants such as nitrate or oxygen. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a new method, the Downstream Nitrite Dosage strategy (DNO2D), to control H2S and CH4 emissions in sewers. Treatment effectiveness was assessed on H2S and CH4 abatement on the effluent of a laboratory sewer pilot plant that mimics a full-scale anaerobic rising sewer. The experiment was divided in three different periods: system setup (period 1), nitrite addition (period 2) and system recovery (period 3). Different process and molecular methods were combined to investigate the impact of NO2(-) addition on H2S and CH4 production. Results showed that H2S load was reduced completely during nitrite addition when compared to period 1 due to H2S oxidation but increased immediately after nitrite addition stopped. The H2S overproduction during recovery period was associated with the bacterial reduction of different sulfur species (elemental sulfur/thiosulfate/sulfite) accumulated within the sewer biofilm matrix. Oxidation of CH4 was also detected during period 2 but, contrary to sulfide production, re-establishment of methanogenesis was not immediate after stopping nitrite dosing. The analysis of bulk and active microbial communities along experimental treatment showed compositional changes that agreed with the observed dynamics of chemical processes. Results of this study show that DNO2D strategy could significantly reduce H2S and CH4 emissions from sewers during the addition period but also suggest that microbial agents involved in such processes show a high resilience towards chemical stressors, thus favoring the re-establishment of H2S and CH4 production after stopping nitrite addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Auguet
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park UdG, Girona, Spain.
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park UdG, Girona, Spain.
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park UdG, Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Oriol Gutierrez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park UdG, Girona, Spain.
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67
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Chen F, Yuan Y, Chen C, Zhao Y, Tan W, Huang C, Xu X, Wang A. Investigation of colloidal biogenic sulfur flocculation: Optimization using response surface analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 42:227-235. [PMID: 27090715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal properties of biogenic elemental sulfur (S(0)) cause solid-liquid separation problems, such as poor settling and membrane fouling. In this study, the separation of S(0) from bulk liquids was performed using flocculation. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyacrylamide (PAM) and microbial flocculant (MBF) were compared to investigate their abilities to flocculate S(0) produced during the treatment of sulfate-containing wastewater. A novel approach with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effects and interactions of flocculant dose, pH and stirring intensity, on the treatment efficiency in terms of the S(0) flocculation and the supernatant turbidity removal. The dose optimization results indicated that the S(0) flocculation efficiency decreased in the following order PAC>MBF>PAM. Optimum S(0) flocculation conditions were observed at pH4.73, a stirring speed of 129 r/min and a flocculant dose of 2.42 mg PAC/mgS. During optimum flocculation conditions, the S(0) flocculation rate reached 97.53%. Confirmation experiments demonstrated that employing PAC for S(0) flocculation is feasible and RSM is an efficient approach for optimizing the process of S(0) flocculation. The results provide basic parameters and conditions for recovering sulfur during the treatment of sulfate-laden wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Youkang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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68
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Effects of carbon-to-sulfur (C/S) ratio and nitrate (N) dosage on Denitrifying Sulfur cycle-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (DS-EBPR). Sci Rep 2016; 6:23221. [PMID: 26983801 PMCID: PMC4794707 DOI: 10.1038/srep23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the Denitrifying Sulfur cycle-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal (DS-EBPR) with 20 mg P/L/d of the volumetric P removal rate was successfully achieved in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The effects of carbon-to-sulfur (C/S) mass ratio and nitrate (N) dosage were investigated through two batch tests to reveal the role of wastewater compositions in DS-EBPR performance. The optimal specific P release and uptake rates (0.4 and 2.4 mg P/g VSS/h, respectively) were achieved at C/S/P/N mass ratio of 150/200/20/20, and poly-S is supplied as a potential electron and energy storage. The nitrate dosage in a range of 10–50 mg N/L had no significant influence on P uptake rates (2.1 ~ 2.4 mg P/g VSS/h), but significantly affected the storage of inclusion poly-S, the poly-S oxidation rate was increased about 16% while dosing nitrate from 20 to 30 mg N/L. It implies that nitrate is denitrified in the P uptake phase, and excess nitrate is further consumed by poly-S. Moreover, the microbial analysis showed that the functional bacteria should mostly belong to denitrifying bacteria or Unclassified genera.
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69
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Villahermosa D, Corzo A, Garcia-Robledo E, González JM, Papaspyrou S. Kinetics of Indigenous Nitrate Reducing Sulfide Oxidizing Activity in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149096. [PMID: 26872267 PMCID: PMC4752510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate decreases sulfide release in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), but little is known on how it affects the microzonation and kinetics of related microbial processes within the biofilm. The effect of nitrate addition on these properties for sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, and oxygen respiration were studied with the use of microelectrodes in microaerophilic wastewater biofilms. Mass balance calaculations and community composition analysis were also performed. At basal WWTP conditions, the biofilm presented a double-layer system. The upper microaerophilic layer (~300 μm) showed low sulfide production (0.31 μmol cm-3 h-1) and oxygen consumption rates (0.01 μmol cm-3 h-1). The anoxic lower layer showed high sulfide production (2.7 μmol cm-3 h-1). Nitrate addition decreased net sulfide production rates, caused by an increase in sulfide oxidation rates (SOR) in the upper layer, rather than an inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). This suggests that the indigenous nitrate reducing-sulfide oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) were immediately activated by nitrate. The functional vertical structure of the biofilm changed to a triple-layer system, where the previously upper sulfide-producing layer in the absence of nitrate split into two new layers: 1) an upper sulfide-consuming layer, whose thickness is probably determined by the nitrate penetration depth within the biofilm, and 2) a middle layer producing sulfide at an even higher rate than in the absence of nitrate in some cases. Below these layers, the lower net sulfide-producing layer remained unaffected. Net SOR varied from 0.05 to 0.72 μmol cm-3 h-1 depending on nitrate and sulfate availability. Addition of low nitrate concentrations likely increased sulfate availability within the biofilm and resulted in an increase of both net sulfate reduction and net sulfide oxidation by overcoming sulfate diffusional limitation from the water phase and the strong coupling between SRB and NR-SOB syntrophic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Villahermosa
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Pol. Río San Pedro s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Corzo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Pol. Río San Pedro s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Emilio Garcia-Robledo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Pol. Río San Pedro s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan M. González
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sokratis Papaspyrou
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Pol. Río San Pedro s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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70
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Huang C, Li ZL, Chen F, Liu Q, Zhao YK, Gao LF, Chen C, Zhou JZ, Wang AJ. Efficient regulation of elemental sulfur recovery through optimizing working height of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor during denitrifying sulfide removal process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:1019-1023. [PMID: 26497112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two lab-scale UASB reactors were established to testify S(0) recovery efficiency, and one of which (M-UASB) was improved from the previous T-UASB by shortening reactor height once S(2-) over oxidation was observed. After the height was shortened from 60 to 30cm, S(0) recovery rate was improved from 7.4% to 78.8%, and while, complete removal of acetate, nitrate and S(2-) was simultaneously maintained. Meanwhile, bacterial community distribution was homogenous throughout the reactor, with denitrifying sulfide oxidization bacteria predominant, such as Thauera and Azoarcus spp., indicating the optimized condition for S(0) recovery. The effective control of working height/volume in reactors plays important roles for the efficient regulation of S(0) recovery during DSR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - You-Kang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Ling-Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Ji-Zhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94270, USA
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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71
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Ai H, Xu J, Huang W, He Q, Ni B, Wang Y. Mechanism and kinetics of biofilm growth process influenced by shear stress in sewers. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1572-1582. [PMID: 27054728 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sewer biofilms play an important role in the biotransformation of substances for methane and sulfide emission in sewer networks. The dynamic flows and the particular shear stress in sewers are the key factors determining the growth of the sewer biofilm. In this work, the development of sewer biofilm with varying shear stress is specifically investigated to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sewer biofilm dynamics. Sewer biofilms were cultivated in laboratory-scale gravity sewers under different hydraulic conditions with the corresponding shell stresses are 1.12 Pa, 1.29 Pa and 1.45 Pa, respectively. The evolution of the biofilm thickness were monitored using microelectrodes, and the variation in total solids (TS) and extracellular polymer substance (EPS) levels in the biofilm were also measured. The results showed that the steady-state biofilm thickness were highly related to the corresponding shear stresses with the biofilm thickness of 2.4 ± 0.1 mm, 2.7 ± 0.1 mm and 2.2 ± 0.1 mm at shear stresses of 1.12 Pa, 1.29 Pa and 1.45 Pa, respectively, which the chemical oxygen demand concentration is 400 mg/L approximately. Based on these observations, a kinetic model for describing the development of sewer biofilms was developed and demonstrated to be capable of reproducing all the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Bingjie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Yinliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
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72
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Huang C, Li ZL, Chen F, Liu Q, Zhao YK, Zhou JZ, Wang AJ. Microbial community structure and function in response to the shift of sulfide/nitrate loading ratio during the denitrifying sulfide removal process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:227-234. [PMID: 26340031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Influence of acetate-C/NO3(-)-N/S(2-) ratio to the functional microbial community during the denitrifying sulfide removal process is poorly understood. Here, phylogenetic and functional bacterial community for elemental sulfur (S(0)) recovery and nitrate (NO3(-)) removal were investigated with the switched S(2-)/NO3(-) molar ratio ranged from 5/2 to 5/9. Optimized S(2-)/NO3(-) ratio was evaluated as 5/6, with the bacterial genera predominated with Thauera, Enterobacter, Thiobacillus and Stappia, and the sqr gene highly expressed. However, insufficient or high loading of acetate and NO3(-) resulted in the low S(0) recovery, and also significantly modified the bacterial community and genetic activity. With S(2-)/NO3(-) ratio of 5/2, autotrophic S(2-) oxidization genera were dominated and NO3(-) reduction activity was low, confirmed by the low expressed nirK gene. In contrast, S(2-)/NO3(-) ratio switched to 5/8 and 5/9 introduced diverse heterotrophic nitrate reduction and S(0) over oxidization genera in accompanied with the highly expressed nirK and sox genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - You-Kang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Ji-Zhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94270, USA
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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Changes in Microbial Biofilm Communities during Colonization of Sewer Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7271-80. [PMID: 26253681 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01538-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) in anaerobic biofilms developed in sewer inner pipe surfaces favors the accumulation of sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4) as metabolic end products, causing severe impacts on sewerage systems. In this study, we investigated the time course of H2S and CH4 production and emission rates during different stages of biofilm development in relation to changes in the composition of microbial biofilm communities. The study was carried out in a laboratory sewer pilot plant that mimics a full-scale anaerobic rising sewer using a combination of process data and molecular techniques (e.g., quantitative PCR [qPCR], denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE], and 16S rRNA gene pyrotag sequencing). After 2 weeks of biofilm growth, H2S emission was notably high (290.7±72.3 mg S-H2S liter(-1) day(-1)), whereas emissions of CH4 remained low (17.9±15.9 mg COD-CH4 liter(-1) day(-1)). This contrasting trend coincided with a stable SRB community and an archaeal community composed solely of methanogens derived from the human gut (i.e., Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera). In turn, CH4 emissions increased after 1 year of biofilm growth (327.6±16.6 mg COD-CH4 liter(-1) day(-1)), coinciding with the replacement of methanogenic colonizers by species more adapted to sewer conditions (i.e., Methanosaeta spp.). Our study provides data that confirm the capacity of our laboratory experimental system to mimic the functioning of full-scale sewers both microbiologically and operationally in terms of sulfide and methane production, gaining insight into the complex dynamics of key microbial groups during biofilm development.
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74
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Jiang G, Sun J, Sharma KR, Yuan Z. Corrosion and odor management in sewer systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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75
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Liu Y, Wu C, Zhou X, Zhang T, Mu L, Shi H. Effect of variation of liquid condition on transformation of sulfur and carbon in the sediment of sanitary sewer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 154:65-69. [PMID: 25706408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the influence of the typical variation in liquid conditions on the biochemical reaction characteristics of sulfur and carbon in the sediment of gravity sanitary sewers. Thus, a series of experimental tests were conducted with real wastewater and sewage sediment to investigate the potential biochemical process of carbon and sulfur in sediment. Results indicated that the sulfur and carbon biochemical process in sediment with neutral pH is significant in the gravity sewage system. The changes in concentration and the ratios of wastewater component substrates are the key factors in chemical oxygen demand and sulfate reduction rates. Furthermore, the condition of dissolved oxygen in liquid significantly affected the biochemical reaction processes of sulfur and carbon. Finally, the frequent alternation of anaerobic and anoxic with low dissolved oxygen effectively inhibits sulfide accumulation and simultaneously reduces carbon loss in the sewage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hanchang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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76
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Yuan Y, Chen C, Zhao Y, Wang A, Sun D, Huang C, Liang B, Tan W, Xu X, Zhou X, Lee DJ, Ren N. Influence of COD/sulfate ratios on the integrated reactor system for simultaneous removal of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:709-716. [PMID: 25768217 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated reactor system was developed for the simultaneous removal of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen from sulfate-laden wastewater and for elemental sulfur (S°) reclamation. The system mainly consisted of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) for sulfate reduction and organic carbon removal (SR-CR), an EGSB for denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR), a biological aerated filter for nitrification and a sedimentation tank for sulfur reclamation. This work investigated the influence of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/sulfate ratios on the performance of the system. Influent sulfate and ammonium were fixed to the level of 600 mg SO(4)(2-) L⁻¹ and 120 mg NH(4)(+) L⁻¹, respectively. Lactate was introduced to generate COD/SO(4)(2-) = 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 3.5:1 and 4:1. The experimental results indicated that sulfate could be efficiently reduced in the SR-CR unit when the COD/SO(4)(2-) ratio was between 1:1 and 3:1, and sulfate reduction was inhibited by the growth of methanogenic bacteria when the COD/SO(4)(2-) ratio was between 3.5:1 and 4:1. Meanwhile, the Org-C/S²⁻/NO(3)(-) ratios affected the S(0) reclamation efficiency in the DSR unit. When the influent COD/SO(4)(2-) ratio was between 1:1 and 3:1, appropriate Org-C/S²⁻/NO(3)(-) ratios could be achieved to obtain a maximum S° recovery in the DSR unit. For the microbial community of the SR-CR unit at different COD/SO(4)(2-) ratios, 16S rRNA gene-based high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to analyze the diversity and potential function of the dominant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Youkang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Dezhi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Wenbo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Duu-Jung Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
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77
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Liu Y, Wu C, Zhou X, Zhu DZ, Shi H. Sulfide elimination by intermittent nitrate dosing in sewer sediments. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 27:259-265. [PMID: 25597685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The formation of hydrogen sulfide in biofilms and sediments in sewer systems can cause severe pipe corrosions and health hazards, and requires expensive programs for its prevention. The aim of this study is to propose a new control strategy and the optimal condition for sulfide elimination by intermittent nitrate dosing in sewer sediments. The study was carried out based on lab-scale experiments and batch tests using real sewer sediments. The intermittent nitrate dosing mode and the optimal control condition were investigated. The results indicated that the sulfide-intermittent-elimination strategy by nitrate dosing is advantageous for controlling sulfide accumulation in sewer sediment. The oxidation-reduction potential is a sensitive indicator parameter that can reflect the control effect and the minimum N/S (nitrate/sulfide) ratio with slight excess nitrate is necessary for optimal conditions of efficient sulfide control with lower carbon source loss. The optimal control condition is feasible for the sulfide elimination in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G2W2 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanchang Shi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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78
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Pozo G, Jourdin L, Lu Y, Ledezma P, Keller J, Freguia S. Methanobacterium enables high rate electricity-driven autotrophic sulfate reduction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The autotrophic reduction of sulfate can be sustained with a cathode as the only electron donor in bioelectrochemical systems (BES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Pozo
- Advanced Water Management Centre
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Ludovic Jourdin
- Advanced Water Management Centre
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
- Centre for Microbial Electrochemical Systems
- The University of Queensland
| | - Yang Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Pablo Ledezma
- Advanced Water Management Centre
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Jurg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Advanced Water Management Centre
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
- Centre for Microbial Electrochemical Systems
- The University of Queensland
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79
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Auguet O, Pijuan M, Guasch-Balcells H, Borrego CM, Gutierrez O. Implications of Downstream Nitrate Dosage in anaerobic sewers to control sulfide and methane emissions. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:522-532. [PMID: 25462758 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO₃⁻) is commonly dosed in sewer systems to reduce sulfide (H₂S) and methane (CH₄) produced in anaerobic rising main pipes. However, anoxic conditions along the whole rising pipes are difficult and costly to maintain since nitrate is added at the upstream sections of the sewer. In this study we tested the effects of the Downstream Nitrate Dosage strategy (DND) in anaerobic pipes in a specially designed laboratory-scale systems that mimics a real rising main. Effectiveness of the strategy was assessed on H₂S and CH₄ abatement on the effluent of the lab sewer system. A combination of process (Normal Functioning monitoring and batch tests) and molecular (by 454-pyrosequencing) methods were used to investigate the impacts and microbial activities related to the nitrate addition. Results showed a complete abatement of H₂S generated, with a fraction transformed to elemental sulfur (S⁰). Methane discharged was reduced to 50% while nitrate was added, due to the CH₄ oxidation in the anoxic conditions established at the end of the pipe. Both sulfidogenic and methanogenic activities resumed upon cessation of NO₃⁻ dosage. An increase of microorganisms of the genera Simplicispira, Comamonas, Azonexus and Thauera was detected during nitrate addition. Regarding anoxic methane oxidation, only one Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) was identified, which is likely related with this metabolism. Obtained results are relevant for the optimal management of nitrate dosage strategies in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Auguet
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park UdG, Girona, Spain.
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80
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Hao TW, Xiang PY, Mackey HR, Chi K, Lu H, Chui HK, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH. A review of biological sulfate conversions in wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 65:1-21. [PMID: 25086411 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of waters contaminated with sulfur containing compounds (S) resulting from seawater intrusion, the use of seawater (e.g. seawater flushing, cooling) and industrial processes has become a challenging issue since around two thirds of the world's population live within 150 km of the coast. In the past, research has produced a number of bioengineered systems for remediation of industrial sulfate containing sewage and sulfur contaminated groundwater utilizing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The majority of these studies are specific with SRB only or focusing on the microbiology rather than the engineered application. In this review, existing sulfate based biotechnologies and new approaches for sulfate contaminated waters treatment are discussed. The sulfur cycle connects with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, thus a new platform of sulfur based biotechnologies incorporating sulfur cycle with other cycles can be developed, for the removal of sulfate and other pollutants (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and metal) from wastewaters. All possible electron donors for sulfate reduction are summarized for further understanding of the S related biotechnologies including rates and benefits/drawbacks of each electron donor. A review of known SRB and their environmental preferences with regard to bioreactor operational parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, salinity etc.) shed light on the optimization of sulfur conversion-based biotechnologies. This review not only summarizes information from the current sulfur conversion-based biotechnologies for further optimization and understanding, but also offers new directions for sulfur related biotechnology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-wei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peng-yu Xiang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kun Chi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Lu
- SYSU-HKUST Joint Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ho-kwong Chui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; SYSU-HKUST Joint Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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81
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Chen Y, Wen Y, Zhou J, Tang Z, Li L, Zhou Q, Vymazal J. Effects of cattail biomass on sulfate removal and carbon sources competition in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 59:1-10. [PMID: 24768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate is frequently found in the influent of subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs) used as tertiary treatments. To reveal the effects of plants and litters on sulfate removal, as well as the competition for organic carbon among microorganisms in SSF CWs, five laboratory-scale SSF CW microcosms were set up and were operated as a batch system with HRT 5 d. The results showed that the presence of Typha latifolia had little effect on sulfate removal in CWs, with or without additional carbon sources. Cattail litter addition greatly improved sulfate removal in SSF CWs. This improvement was linked to the continuous input of labile organic carbon, which lowers the redox level and supplies a habitat for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The presence of SRB in cattail litter indicated the possibility of sulfate removal around the carbon supplier, but the quantity of microbes in cattail litter was much lower than that in gravel. Stoichiometry calculations showed that the contribution of SRB to COD removal (21-26%) was less than that of methane-producing bacteria (MPB) (47-61%) during the initial stage but dominated COD removal (42-65%) during the terminal stage. The contributions of aerobic bacteria (AB) and denitrification bacteria (DB) to COD removal were always lower than that of SRB. It was also observed that the variations in COD: S ratio had a great influence on the relative abundance of genes between SRB and MPB and both of them could be used as good predictors of carbon competition between SRB and MPB in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Yue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Junwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 16521, Czech Republic
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82
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Krom MD, Ben David A, Ingall ED, Benning LG, Clerici S, Bottrell S, Davies C, Potts NJ, Mortimer RJG, van Rijn J. Bacterially mediated removal of phosphorus and cycling of nitrate and sulfate in the waste stream of a "zero-discharge" recirculating mariculture system. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:109-121. [PMID: 24657541 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by microbial biofilters has been used in a variety of water treatment systems including treatment systems in aquaculture. In this study, phosphorus, nitrate and sulfate cycling in the anaerobic loop of a zero-discharge, recirculating mariculture system was investigated using detailed geochemical measurements in the sludge layer of the digestion basin. High concentrations of nitrate and sulfate, circulating in the overlying water (∼15 mM), were removed by microbial respiration in the sludge resulting in a sulfide accumulation of up to 3 mM. Modelling of the observed S and O isotopic ratios in the surface sludge suggested that, with time, major respiration processes shifted from heterotrophic nitrate and sulfate reduction to autotrophic nitrate reduction. The much higher inorganic P content of the sludge relative to the fish feces is attributed to conversion of organic P to authigenic apatite. This conclusion is supported by: (a) X-ray diffraction analyses, which pointed to an accumulation of a calcium phosphate mineral phase that was different from P phases found in the feces, (b) the calculation that the pore waters of the sludge were highly oversaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite (saturation index = 4.87) and (c) there was a decrease in phosphate (and in the Ca/Na molar ratio) in the pore waters simultaneous with an increase in ammonia showing there had to be an additional P removal process at the same time as the heterotrophic breakdown of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Krom
- School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, UK; Charney School of Marine Sciences, Haifa University, Israel
| | - A Ben David
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E D Ingall
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - L G Benning
- School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, UK
| | - S Clerici
- School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, UK
| | - S Bottrell
- School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, UK
| | - C Davies
- School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, UK
| | - N J Potts
- School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, UK
| | | | - J van Rijn
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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83
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Thai PK, O'Brien J, Jiang G, Gernjak W, Yuan Z, Eaglesham G, Mueller JF. Degradability of creatinine under sewer conditions affects its potential to be used as biomarker in sewage epidemiology. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 55:272-9. [PMID: 24631876 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine was proposed to be used as a population normalising factor in sewage epidemiology but its stability in the sewer system has not been assessed. This study thus aimed to evaluate the fate of creatinine under different sewer conditions using laboratory sewer reactors. The results showed that while creatinine was stable in wastewater only, it degraded quickly in reactors with the presence of sewer biofilms. The degradation followed first order kinetics with significantly higher rate in rising main condition than in gravity sewer condition. Additionally, daily loads of creatinine were determined in wastewater samples collected on Census day from 10 wastewater treatment plants around Australia. The measured loads of creatinine from those samples were much lower than expected and did not correlate with the populations across the sampled treatment plants. The results suggested that creatinine may not be a suitable biomarker for population normalisation purpose in sewage epidemiology, especially in sewer catchment with high percentage of rising mains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Thai
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Jake O'Brien
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoff Eaglesham
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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84
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Sun J, Hu S, Sharma KR, Keller-Lehmann B, Yuan Z. An efficient method for measuring dissolved VOSCs in wastewater using GC-SCD with static headspace technique. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 52:208-217. [PMID: 24268056 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) are important sources of unpleasant odor in wastewater systems. However, the study of VOSCs is usually hindered by their complicated measurement method and highly reactive nature. In this work, a static headspace method utilising gas chromatography (GC) with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) was developed to quantitatively analyze VOSCs in wastewater matrices. The method has low detection limits and requires no pre-concentration treatment. Three typical VOSCs, namely methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), were chosen as examples for this study. The calibration curves of all three compounds covering a wide range from 0.5 ppb to 500 ppb showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.999). The method detection limits (MDL) were 0.08, 0.12 and 0.21 ppb for MT, DMS and DMDS, respectively. The reproducibility (relative standard deviation) was approximately 2%. The recovery ratio of MT, DMS and DMDS in spiked wastewater samples were 83 ± 4%, 103 ± 4% and 102 ± 3%, respectively. Sample preservation tests showed that VOSCs in wastewater samples could be preserved in vials without headspace under acidified conditions (pH ∼1.1) for at least 24 h without significant changes (<1.8 ppb). The analysis of real wastewater samples from both a laboratory-scale sewer system and a full-scale sewer pipe demonstrated the suitability of this method for routine wastewater VOSC measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Keshab Raj Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Beatrice Keller-Lehmann
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Center, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia.
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85
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Yuan Y, Chen C, Liang B, Huang C, Zhao Y, Xu X, Tan W, Zhou X, Gao S, Sun D, Lee D, Zhou J, Wang A. Fine-tuning key parameters of an integrated reactor system for the simultaneous removal of COD, sulfate and ammonium and elemental sulfur reclamation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 269:56-67. [PMID: 24373982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we proposed an integrated reactor system for simultaneous removal of COD, sulfate and ammonium (integrated C-S-N removal system) and investigated the key parameters of the system for a high level of elemental sulfur (S(0)) production. The system consisted of 4 main units: sulfate reduction and organic carbon removal (SR-CR), autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying sulfide removal (A&H-DSR), sulfur reclamation (SR), and aerated filter for aerobic nitrification (AN). In the system, the effects of key operational parameters on production of elemental sulfur were investigated, including hydraulic retention time (HRT) of each unit, sulfide/nitrate (S(2-)-S/NO3(-)-N) ratios, reflux ratios between the A&H-DSR and AN units, and loading rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate and ammonium. Physico-chemical characteristics of biosulfur were studied for acquiring efficient S(0) recovery. The experiments successfully explored the optimum parameters for each unit and demonstrated 98% COD, 98% sulfate and 78% nitrogen removal efficiency. The optimum HRTs for SR-CR, A&H-DSR and AN were 12h, 3h and 3h, respectively. The reflux ratio of 3 could provide adequate S(2-)-S/NO3(-)-N ratio (approximately 1:1) to the A&H-DSR unit for obtaining maximum sulfur production. In this system, the maximum production of S(0) reached 90%, but only 60% S(0) was reclaimed from effluent. The S(0) that adhered to the outer layer of granules was deposited in the bottom of the A&H-DSR unit. Finally, the microbial community structure of the corresponding unit at different operational stage were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene based high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing and the potential function of dominant species were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Youkang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wenbo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Shuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Dezhi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Duujong Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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86
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Wu D, Ekama GA, Wang HG, Wei L, Lu H, Chui HK, Liu WT, Brdjanovic D, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the sulfur cycle-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) process. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:251-264. [PMID: 24342048 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hong Kong has practiced seawater toilet flushing since 1958, saving 750,000 m(3) of freshwater every day. A high sulfate-to-COD ratio (>1.25 mg SO4(2-)/mg COD) in the saline sewage resulting from this practice has enabled us to develop the Sulfate reduction, Autotrophic denitrification and Nitrification Integrated (SANI(®)) process with minimal sludge production and oxygen demand. Recently, the SANI(®) process has been expanded to include Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) in an alternating anaerobic/limited-oxygen (LOS-EBPR) aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). This paper presents further development - an anaerobic/anoxic denitrifying sulfur cycle-associated EBPR, named as DS-EBPR, bioprocess in an alternating anaerobic/anoxic SBR for simultaneous removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus. The 211 day SBR operation confirmed the sulfur cycle-associated biological phosphorus uptake utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor. This new bioprocess cannot only reduce operation time but also enhance volumetric loading of SBR compared with the LOS-EBPR. The DS-EBPR process performed well at high temperatures of 30 °C and a high salinity of 20% seawater. A synergistic relationship may exist between sulfur cycle and biological phosphorus removal as the optimal ratio of P-release to SO4(2-)-reduction is close to 1.0 mg P/mg S. There were no conventional PAOs in the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hai-Guang Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ho-Kwong Chui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Damir Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; SYSU-HKUST Joint Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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87
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Thai PK, Jiang G, Gernjak W, Yuan Z, Lai FY, Mueller JF. Effects of sewer conditions on the degradation of selected illicit drug residues in wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 48:538-547. [PMID: 24169511 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The stability of five illicit drug markers in wastewater was tested under different sewer conditions using laboratory-scale sewer reactors. Wastewater was spiked with deuterium labelled isotopes of cocaine, benzoyl ecgonine, methamphetamine, MDMA and 6-acetyl morphine to avoid interference from the native isotopes already present in the wastewater matrix. The sewer reactors were operated at 20 °C and pH 7.5, and wastewater was sampled at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h to measure the transformation/degradation of these marker compounds. The results showed that while methamphetamine, MDMA and benzoyl ecgonine were stable in the sewer reactors, cocaine and 6-acetyl morphine degraded quickly. Their degradation rates are significantly higher than the values reportedly measured in wastewater alone (without biofilms). All the degradation processes followed first order kinetics. Benzoyl ecgonine and morphine were also formed from the degradation of cocaine and 6-acetyl morphine, respectively, with stable formation rates throughout the test. These findings suggest that, in sewage epidemiology, it is essential to have relevant information of the sewer system (i.e. type of sewer, hydraulic retention time) in order to accurately back-estimate the consumption of illicit drugs. More research is required to look into detailed sewer conditions (e.g. temperature, pH and ratio of biofilm area to wastewater volume among others) to identify their effects on the fate of illicit drug markers in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Thai
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
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88
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Wong BT, Lee DJ. Pseudomonas yangmingensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic denitrifying species isolated from a hot spring. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:71-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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89
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Xu X, Chen C, Lee DJ, Wang A, Guo W, Zhou X, Guo H, Yuan Y, Ren N, Chang JS. Sulfate-reduction, sulfide-oxidation and elemental sulfur bioreduction process: modeling and experimental validation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:202-211. [PMID: 23994962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the sulfate-reducing (SR) and sulfide-oxidizing (SO) process using Monod-type model with best-fit model parameters both being reported and estimated. The molar ratio of oxygen to sulfide (ROS) significantly affects the kinetics of the SR+SO process. The S(0) is produced by SO step but is later consumed by sulfur-reducing bacteria to lead to "rebound" in sulfide concentration. The model correlated well all experimental data in the present SR+SO tests and the validity of this approach was confirmed by independent sulfur bioreduction tests in four denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) systems. Modeling results confirm that the ratio of oxygen to sulfide is a key factor for controlling S(0) formation and its bioreduction. Overlooking S(0) bioreduction step would overestimate the yield of S(0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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90
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Jiang G, Keating A, Corrie S, O'halloran K, Nguyen L, Yuan Z. Dosing free nitrous acid for sulfide control in sewers: results of field trials in Australia. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:4331-4339. [PMID: 23764584 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent dosing of free nitrous acid (FNA), with or without the simultaneous dosing of hydrogen peroxide, is a new strategy developed recently for the control of sulfide production in sewers. Six-month field trials have been carried out in a rising main sewer in Australia (150 mm in diameter and 1080 m in length) to evaluate the performance of the strategy that was previously demonstrated in laboratory studies. In each trial, FNA was dosed at a pumping station for a period of 8 or 24 h, some with simultaneous hydrogen peroxide dosing. The sulfide control effectiveness was monitored by measuring, on-line, the dissolved sulfide concentration at a downstream location of the pipeline (828 m from the pumping station) and the gaseous H2S concentration at the discharge manhole. Effective sulfide control was achieved in all nine consecutive trials, with sulfide production reduced by more than 80% in 10 days following each dose. Later trials achieved better control efficiency than the first few trials possibly due to the disrupting effects of FNA on sewer biofilms. This suggests that an initial strong dose (more chemical consumption) followed by maintenance dosing (less chemical consumption) could be a very cost-effective way to achieve consistent control efficiency. It was also found that heavy rainfall slowed the recovery of sulfide production after dosing, likely due to the dilution effects and reduced retention time. Overall, intermittent dose of FNA or FNA in combination with H2O2 was successfully demonstrated to be a cost-effective method for sulfide control in rising main sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
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91
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Jiang G, Yuan Z. Inactivation kinetics of anaerobic wastewater biofilms by free nitrous acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1367-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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92
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Wu D, Ekama GA, Lu H, Chui HK, Liu WT, Brdjanovic D, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH. A new biological phosphorus removal process in association with sulfur cycle. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:3057-3069. [PMID: 23579090 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hong Kong has practiced seawater toilet flushing since 1958, saving 750,000 m(3) freshwater every day. A high sulfate-to-COD ratio (>1.25 mg SO4/mg COD) in the saline sewage resulting from this practice has enabled us to develop the Sulfate reduction Autotrophic denitrification and Nitrification Integrated (SANI(®)) process with minimal sludge production. This study seeks to expand the SANI process into an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. A sulfur cycle associated EBPR was explored in an alternating anaerobic/oxygen-limited aerobic sequencing batch reactor with acetate fed as sole electron donor and sulfate as sulfur source at a total organic carbon to sulfur ratio of 1.1-3.1 (mg C/mg S). Phosphate uptake and polyphosphate formation was observed in this reactor that sustained high phosphate removal (20 mg P/L removed with 320 mg COD/L). This new EBPR process was supported by six observations: 1) anaerobic phosphate release associated with acetate uptake, poly-phosphate hydrolysis, poly-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) (and poly-S(2-)/S(0)) formation and an "aerobic" phosphate uptake associated with PHA (and poly-S(2-)/S(0)) degradation, and polyphosphate formation; 2) a high P/VSS ratio (>0.16 mg P/mg VSS) and an associated low VSS/TSS ratio (0.75) characteristic of conventional PAOs; 3) a lack of P-release and P-uptake with formaldehyde inactivation and autoclaved sterilized biomass; 4) an absence of chemical precipitated P crystals as determined by XRD analysis; 5) a sludge P of more than 90% polyphosphate as determined by sequential P extraction; and 6) microscopically, observed PHA, poly-P and S globules in the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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93
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Jiang G, Sharma KR, Yuan Z. Effects of nitrate dosing on methanogenic activity in a sulfide-producing sewer biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1783-1792. [PMID: 23352490 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate dosing is widely used by water industry to control hydrogen sulfide production in sewers. This study assessed the impact of nitrate addition on methane generation by sewer biofilms using a lab-scale rising main sewer reactor. It was found that methanogenesis could coexist with denitrification and sulfate reduction in sewers dosed with nitrate. However, methane production was substantially reduced by nitrate addition. Methanogenic rates remained below 10% of its baseline level, with 30 mg-N/L of nitrate dosing for each pump event. By calculating the substrate penetration depth in biofilms, it is suggested that methanogenesis may persist in deeper biofilms due to the limited penetration of nitrate and sulfate, and better penetration of soluble organic substrates. The control of methane and sulfide production was found to be determined by the nitrate penetration depth in biofilms and nitrate presence time in sewers, respectively. The presence of nitrous oxide after nitrate addition was transient, with a negligible discharge of nitrous oxide from the sewer reactor due to its further reduction by denitrifiers after nitrate depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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94
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Lee DJ, Pan X, Wang A, Ho KL. Facultative autotrophic denitrifiers in denitrifying sulfide removal granules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:356-360. [PMID: 23265816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) process applied autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification pathways to achieve simultaneous conversion of nitrate to N, sulfide to elementary sulfur, and organic substances to CO. However, autotrophic denitrifiers and heterotrophic denitrifiers have to grow at comparable rates so the long-term DSR stability can be maintained. This work assessed the autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification activities by 16 isolates from anaerobic granules collected from a DSR-expanded granular sludge bed reactor. A group of strains with closest relatives as Pseudomonas sp. (89.9-98.3% similarity), Agrobacterium sp. (94.6% similarity) and Acinetobacter sp. (96.6% similarity) were identified with both autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification capabilities. These facultative autotrophic denitrifiers can be applied as potential strains for lifting the limitation by balanced growth of two distinct bacterial groups in the DSR reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
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95
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Lee DJ, Lee CY, Chang JS. Treatment and electricity harvesting from sulfate/sulfide-containing wastewaters using microbial fuel cell with enriched sulfate-reducing mixed culture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 243:67-72. [PMID: 23116719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-laden wastewaters can produce excess sulfide, which is corrosive to pipelines and is toxic to incorporated microorganisms. This work started up microbial fuel cell (MFC) using enriched sulfate-reducing mixed culture as anodic biofilms and applied the so yielded MFC for treating sulfate or sulfide-laden wastewaters. The sulfate-reducing bacteria in anodic biofilm effectively reduced sulfate to sulfide, which was then used by neighboring anode respiring bacteria (ARB) as electron donor for electricity production. The presence of organic carbons enhanced MFC performance since the biofilm ARB were mixotrophs that need organic carbon to grow. The present device introduces a route for treating sulfate laden wastewaters with electricity harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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96
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Chen C, Zhou X, Wang A, Wu DH, Liu LH, Ren N, Lee DJ. Elementary sulfur in effluent from denitrifying sulfide removal process as adsorbent for zinc(II). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:441-444. [PMID: 22850176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) process can simultaneously convert sulfide, nitrate and organic compounds into elementary sulfur (S(0)), di-nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide, respectively. However, the S(0) formed in the DSR process are micro-sized colloids with negatively charged surface, making isolation of S(0) colloids from other biological cells and metabolites difficult. This study proposed the use of S(0) in DSR effluent as a novel adsorbent for zinc removal from wastewaters. Batch and continuous tests were conducted for efficient zinc removal with S(0)-containing DSR effluent. At pH<7.5, removal rates of zinc(II) were increased with increasing pH. The formed S(0) colloids carried negative charge onto which zinc(II) ions could be adsorbed via electrostatic interactions. The zinc(II) adsorbed S(0) colloids further enhanced coagulation-sedimentation efficiency of suspended solids in DSR effluents. The DSR effluent presents a promising coagulant for zinc(II) containing wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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97
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Ganigue R, Gutierrez O, Rootsey R, Yuan Z. Chemical dosing for sulfide control in Australia: An industry survey. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6564-6574. [PMID: 22018528 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlling sulfide (H(2)S) production and emission in sewer systems is critical due to the corrosion and malodour problems that sulfide causes. Chemical dosing is one of the most commonly used measures to mitigate these problems. Many chemicals have been reported to be effective for sulfide control, but the extent of success varies between chemicals and is also dependent on how they are applied. This industry survey aims to summarise the current practice in Australia with the view to assist the water industry to further improve their practices and to identify new research questions. Results showed that dosing is mainly undertaken in pressure mains. Magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and nitrate are the most commonly used chemicals for sewers with low flows. In comparison, iron salts are preferentially used for sulfide control in large systems. The use of oxygen injection has declined dramatically in the past few years. Chemical dosing is mainly conducted at wet wells and pumping stations, except for oxygen, which is injected into the pipe. The dosing rates are normally linked to the control mechanisms of the chemicals and the dosing locations, with constant or profiled dosing rates usually applied. Finally, key opportunities for improvement are the use of mathematical models for the selection of chemicals and dosing locations, on-line dynamic control of the dosing rates and the development of more cost-effective chemicals for sulfide control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Ganigue
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Building 60, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
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98
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Mohanakrishnan J, Kofoed MVW, Barr J, Yuan Z, Schramm A, Meyer RL. Dynamic microbial response of sulfidogenic wastewater biofilm to nitrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1647-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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99
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Shao MF, Zhang T, Fang HHP, Li X. The effect of nitrate concentration on sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification in marine sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:1-6. [PMID: 21316076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrate concentration on denitrification rate, microbial community and byproduct accumulation in sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification, one of the dominant processes during anoxic marine sediment remediation, was investigated in this study. Microorganisms which were phylogenetically closely related with Sulfurimonas denitrificans of ε-Proteobacteria and Thiohalomonas denitrificans of γ-Proteobacteria were the major autotrophic denitrifiers in this study. Nitrate concentration was demonstrated to have selective effect on denitrifying microbial community as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Denitrifiers enriched at 30 mM NO(3)(-) have higher diversity than other two groups (10, and 80 mM NO(3)(-)) according to Shannon index. Denitrification showed zero-order reaction kinetics when nitrate concentration was higher than 4mM. Neither absolute nitrate concentration nor overall nitrate/sulfide ratio acted as the determinant for denitrification byproduct (i.e. N(2)O and NO(2)(-)) accumulation. The limitation of sulfide due to low mass transfer might be the reason for the byproduct accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fei Shao
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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100
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Reduction of produced elementary sulfur in denitrifying sulfide removal process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1129-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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