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Gorenjak V, Vance DR, Petrelis AM, Stathopoulou MG, Dadé S, Shamieh SE, Murray H, Masson C, Lamont J, Fitzgerald P, Visvikis-Siest S. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells extracts VEGF protein levels and VEGF mRNA: Associations with inflammatory molecules in a healthy population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220902. [PMID: 31419243 PMCID: PMC6697334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein, implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes together with other common inflammatory biomarkers. However, their associations have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated associations between VEGF and four specific VEGF mRNA isoforms with levels of 11 inflammation molecules, derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracts. Methods Healthy participants from the STANISLAS Family Study (n = 285) were included. Levels of VEGF (four mRNA isoforms and protein levels) and inflammatory molecules (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, EGF) were measured in PBMCs extracts. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusted for age and gender. Results The analyses revealed significant associations between VEGF protein levels and levels of IL-4 (β = 0.028, P = 0.013), MCP-1 (β = 0.015, P<0.0001) and EGF (β = 0.017, P<0.0001). Furthermore, mRNA isoform VEGF165 was associated with MCP-1 and IL-1α (P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively); and mRNA isoform VEGF189 was associated with IL-4 and IL-6 (P = 0.019 and P = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions To our knowledge, the present study represents the first investigation that successfully demonstrates links between VEGF protein levels and inflammatory molecules levels derived from PBMCs extracts and identifies associations between specific VEGF mRNA isoforms and inflammatory molecules. Impact These findings provide novel insights that may assist in the development of new tissue and mRNA isoform specific measurements of VEGF levels, which may positively contribute to predicting the risk of common complex diseases and response of currently used anti-VEGF agents, and developing of novel targeted therapies for VEGF-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwaine R. Vance
- Randox Laboratories Limited, Crumlin, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Said El Shamieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Helena Murray
- Randox Laboratories Limited, Crumlin, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Limited, Crumlin, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fitzgerald
- Randox Laboratories Limited, Crumlin, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, IGE-PCV, Nancy, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, CHU Technopôle Nancy-Brabois, Rue du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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Nicolini A, Barak V, Biava P, Ferrari P, Rossi G, Carpi A. The Use of Immunotherapy to Treat Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:941-962. [PMID: 29424297 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180209124052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the principal attempts of immune-modulation or immune therapy in metastatic breast cancer. It considers their rationale and reports on results from the relevant key clinical trials. Immune-modulatory or immune-stimulating cytokines used alone or combined with conventional therapies is among the principal approaches of immune manipulation in breast cancer. As this issue has recently been reviewed by us, the aim of the current article is to discuss our updated and unpublished data on this topic. Overall survival in luminal (28 patients) and non-luminal (9 patients) molecular subtypes is 91 and 59 months respectively that is about two and half or three times longer than expected. Thereafter, we focus on monoclonal antibodies (mAb) based-therapies including novel strategies to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 mAb. The main vaccine platforms in different molecular subtypes and immune therapies in triple negative metastatic breast cancer (m-TNBC) are discussed in the last sections. Some phase III investigations have already changed the current clinical practice. In fact, pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel is the recommended first line regimen in HER2 positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and bevacizumab plus paclitaxel or docetaxel is a reasonable option for m-TNBC. In some other observational or phase I/II studies on first-line trastuzumab plus chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and in that on HER2 peptide/protein vaccines promising although preliminary findings have been reported to be further validated. In the remaining studies, results were disappointing. In the future, finding new predictive biomarkers and exploring more suitable synergizing combinations, time and dose-dependent-scheduled sequences of currently and further investigated immunological approaches are main challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Vivian Barak
- Immunology Lab for tumor diagnosis, Hadassah University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Piermario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Smith CJ, Perfetti TA. In vitro cobalt-stimulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 overexpression does not correlate with cancer risk from cobalt exposure in humans. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319850167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carr J Smith
- Albemarle Corporation, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Smith CJ, Perfetti TA, King JA. Indirect oxidative stress from pulmonary inflammation exceeds direct oxidative stress from chemical damage to mitochondria. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319842845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carr J Smith
- Albemarle Corporation, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Judy A King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Castaldo SA, Ajime T, Serrão G, Anastácio F, Rosa JT, Giacomantonio CA, Howarth A, Hill R, Madureira PA. Annexin A2 Regulates AKT Upon H₂O₂-Dependent Signaling Activation in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040492. [PMID: 30959964 PMCID: PMC6520733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a main second messenger in oncogenic signaling networks including the Ras and the growth factor receptor pathways. This is achieved predominantly through the oxidation of redox-sensitive cysteine (Cys) residues in proteins resulting in changes to their structure and function. We previously identified annexin A2 (ANXA2) as a redox regulatory protein that plays an important cellular role during oxidative stress and also promoting tumorigenesis. Here we investigated the role of ANXA2 in the regulation of H2O2-dependent signaling that drives tumor progression. We show that depletion of ANXA2 leads to the enhanced activation of AKT following either EGF/EGFR stimulation or oncogenic Ras transformation. The phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. We demonstrate that ANXA2 via its reactive Cys-8 residue, binds to PTEN and that the co-expression of PTEN and ANXA2, but not ANXA2 Cys-8-Ala mutant, inhibits AKT phosphorylation on Ser 473. These results indicate that ANXA2 is important for PTEN regulation within the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. Furthermore, we also reveal that ANXA2 inversely regulates the expression of the peroxidase, peroxiredoxin 2, in a reactive oxygen species dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Anais Castaldo
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Tom Ajime
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Gisela Serrão
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Fábio Anastácio
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Teixeira Rosa
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | | | - Alison Howarth
- Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Richard Hill
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Patrícia Alexandra Madureira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, UK.
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Hastie R, Brownfoot FC, Pritchard N, Hannan NJ, Cannon P, Nguyen V, Palmer K, Beard S, Tong S, Kaitu’u-Lino TJ. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) Signaling and the Mitochondria Regulate sFlt-1 (Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1) Secretion. Hypertension 2019; 73:659-670. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Hastie
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Fiona C. Brownfoot
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Natasha Pritchard
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Natalie J. Hannan
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Ping Cannon
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Vi Nguyen
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Kirsten Palmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (K.P.)
| | - Sally Beard
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Stephen Tong
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
| | - Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino
- From the Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
- Mercy Perinatal, Research Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia (R.H., F.C.B., N.P., N.J.H., P.C., V.N., S.B., S.T., T.J.K.-L.)
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Gao Y, Zhai Y. Electrospun nanofibers as a wound dressing for treating diabetic foot ulcer. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:130-143. [PMID: 32104445 PMCID: PMC7032134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world with high-mortality and complex complications including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). It has been reported that the difficulties in repairing the wound related to DFU has much relationship with the wound infection, change of inflammatory responses, lack of extracellular matrix (ECM), and the failure of angiogenesis. Following the development of medical materials and pharmaceutical technology, nanofibers has been developed by electrospinning with huge porosity, excellent humidity absorption, a better oxygen exchange rate, and some antibacterial activities. That is to say, as a potential material, nanofibers must be a wonderful candidate for the DFU treatment with so many benefits. Careful selection of polymers from natural resource and synthetic resource can widen the nanofibrous application. Popular methods applied for the nanofibrous fabrication consist of uniaxial electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning. Furthermore, nanofibers loading chemical, biochemical active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or even stem cells can be wonderful dosage forms for the treatment of DFU. This review summarizes the present techniques applied in the fabrication of nanofibrous dressing (ND) that utilizes a variety of materials and active agents to offer a better health care for the patients suffering from DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shiya Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanlin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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The untapped potential of placenta-enriched molecules for diagnostic and therapeutic development. Placenta 2019; 84:28-31. [PMID: 30745114 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia are diseases with limited biomarkers for prediction, and a complete lack of therapeutic options. We define placenta-enriched molecules as those that are highly expressed in the placenta relative to all other human tissues. Many exist including mRNAs, miRNAs and proteins. It is now well established that placenta-enriched mRNAs are found within the maternal circulation and are cleared rapidly after birth. Similarly, distinct clusters of miRNAs that are placenta-enriched have been identified and are measurable within the circulation. However, perhaps the most established potential diagnostics thus far are circulating placental proteins such as placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy associated pregnancy protein-A (PAPP-A) and soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1). There has also been much interest in targeting placenta-enriched molecules as a means to treat diseases of pregnancy. We have shown promising results in targeting placenta-enriched epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to treat ectopic pregnancy. Others have focused on using placenta-enriched molecules as a means of homing therapeutic-filled nanoparticles to the placenta, or to directly target sFlt-1 to improve disease outcomes. Importantly, many placenta-enriched molecules remain largely unstudied. We propose that a better understanding of their biology, and potential contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases, may yield more predictive diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menin, a chromatin binding protein, interacts with various epigenetic regulators to regulate gene transcription, whereas forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor that can be regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Both menin and FOXO1 are crucial regulators of β-cell function and metabolism; however, whether or how they interplay to regulate β cells is not clear. METHODS To examine whether menin affects expression of FOXO1, we ectopically expressed menin complementary DNA and small hairpin RNA targeting menin via a retroviral vector in INS-1 cells. Western blotting was used to analyze protein levels. RESULTS Our current work shows that menin increases the expression of FOXO1. Menin stabilizes FOXO1 protein level in INS-1 cells, as shown by increased half-life of FOXO1 by menin expression. Moreover, menin represses ubiquitination of FOXO1 protein and AKT phosphorylation, We found that menin stabilizes FOXO1 by repressing FOXO1 degradation mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Because FOXO1 upregulates the menin gene transcription, our findings unravel a crucial menin and FOXO1 interplay, with menin and FOXO1 upregulating their expression reciprocally, forming a positive feedback loop to sustain menin and FOXO1 expression.
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Roskoski R. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the EGFR/ErbB family of protein-tyrosine kinases in human cancers. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:395-411. [PMID: 30500458 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The EGFR family is among the most investigated receptor protein-tyrosine kinase groups owing to its general role in signal transduction and in oncogenesis. This family consists of four members that belong to the ErbB lineage of proteins (ErbB1-4). The ErbB proteins function as homo and heterodimers. These receptors contain an extracellular domain that consists of four parts: domains I and III are leucine-rich segments that participate in growth factor binding (except for ErbB2) and domains II and IV contain multiple disulfide bonds. Moreover, domain II participates in both homo and heterodimer formation within the ErbB/HER family of proteins. Seven ligands bind to EGFR including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α, none bind to ErbB2, two bind to ErbB3, and seven ligands bind to ErbB4. The extracellular domain is followed by a single transmembrane segment of about 25 amino acid residues and an intracellular portion of about 550 amino acid residues that contains (i) a short juxtamembrane segment, (ii) a protein kinase domain, and (iii) a carboxyterminal tail. ErbB2 lacks a known activating ligand and ErbB3 is kinase impaired. Surprisingly, the ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimer complex is the most active dimer in the family. These receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of a large proportion of lung and breast cancers, which rank first and second, respectively, in the incidence of all types of cancers (excluding skin) worldwide. On the order of 20% of non-small cell lung cancers bear activating mutations in EGFR. More than 90% of these patients have exon-19 deletions (746ELREA750) or the exon-21 L858R substitution. Gefitinib and erlotinib are orally effective type I reversible EGFR mutant inhibitors; type I inhibitors bind to an active enzyme conformation. Unfortunately, secondary resistance to these drugs occurs within about one year owing to a T790M gatekeeper mutation. Osimertinib is an irreversible type VI inhibitor that forms a covalent bond with C797 of EGFR and is FDA-approved for the treatment of patients with this mutation; type VI inhibitors generally form a covalent adduct with their target protein. Resistance also develops to this and related type VI inhibitory drugs owing to a C797S mutation; the serine residue is unable to react with the drugs to form a covalent bond. Approximately 20% of breast cancer patients exhibit ErbB2/HER2 gene amplification on chromosome 17q. One of the earliest targeted treatments in cancer involved the development of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that interacts with the extracellular domain ErbB2/HER2 causing its down regulation. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs, and hormonal modulation are the mainstays in the treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, lapatinib and neratinib are FDA-approved small molecule ErbB2/HER2 antagonists used in the treatment of selected breast cancer patients. Of the approximate three dozen FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors, five are type VI irreversible inhibitors and four of them including afatinib, osimertinib, dacomitinib, and neratinib are directed against the ErbB family of receptors (ibrutinib is the fifth and it targets Bruton tyrosine kinase). Avitinib, olmutinib, and pelitinib are additional type VI inhibitors in clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer that target EGFR. Secondary resistance to both targeted and cytotoxic drugs is the norm, and devising and implementing strategies for minimizing or overcoming resistance is an important goal in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 3754 Brevard Road, Suite 116, Box 19, Horse Shoe, NC 28742-8814, United States.
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Saint-Jean A, Reguart N, Eixarch A, Adán A, Castellà C, Sánchez-Dalmau B, Sainz-de-la-Maza M. Ocular surface adverse events of systemic epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi): A prospective trial. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:955-962. [PMID: 30473235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Controversy exists regarding the safety of agents that systemically inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRi) in oncologic patients in terms of toxicity to the ocular surface. We performed a prospective clinical study comparing the ocular surface toxicity of systemic EGFRi between a case and a control group. METHODS Patients with lung or colon cancer were divided in two groups: 25 patients treated with systemic EGFRi and 25 control patients without EGFRi treatment. Patients in both groups were chemotherapy naive. Four visits were scheduled in a one year period comparing signs and symptoms in terms of symptom questionnaires (SIDEQ, OSDI and AVS), corneal fluorescein staining (Oxford test), tear production (Schirmer's test) and a quantitative evaluation of conjunctival chemosis and hyperemia. Basal epithelial cell density (CEBD) and corneal subepithelial nerve fiber density (CNFD) were measured and compared using confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). The differences in each variable were compared with the analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P value<0.05 was considered significant for all comparisons. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between patients under EGFRi treatment and the age-matched controls in the variables analyzed. When cases and controls were evaluated separately, the case group showed a significantly worse progression of signs (chemosis score, CFS, Schirmer's) as well as in terms of CEBD and CNFD (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic EGFRi may increase dry eye signs as well as decrease CEBD and CNFD. This study may help us to understand the true toxicity of EGFRi to the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saint-Jean
- University of Barcelona, Clinica Baviera, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Reguart
- Thoracic Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A Adán
- Head Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Castellà
- Head Glaucoma Department, Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
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Baquero E, Fedry J, Legrand P, Krey T, Rey FA. Species-Specific Functional Regions of the Green Alga Gamete Fusion Protein HAP2 Revealed by Structural Studies. Structure 2018; 27:113-124.e4. [PMID: 30416037 PMCID: PMC6327110 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cellular fusion protein HAP2, which is structurally homologous to viral class II fusion proteins, drives gamete fusion across several eukaryotic kingdoms. Gamete fusion is a highly controlled process in eukaryotes, and is allowed only between same species gametes. In spite of a conserved architecture, HAP2 displays several species-specific functional regions that were not resolved in the available X-ray structure of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii HAP2 ectodomain. Here we present an X-ray structure resolving these regions, showing a target membrane interaction surface made by three amphipathic helices in a horseshoe-shaped arrangement. HAP2 from green algae also features additional species-specific motifs inserted in regions that in viral class II proteins are critical for the fusogenic conformational change. Such insertions include a cystine ladder-like module evocative of EGF-like motifs responsible for extracellular protein-protein interactions in animals, and a mucin-like region. These features suggest potential HAP2 interaction sites involved in gamete fusion control. Unprecedented organization of amphipathic α helices in the algal HAP2 fusion loops An inserted EGF-like motif suggests a potential algal-specific fusion control site An adjacent mucin-like region potentially modulates algal-specific interactions Inter-chain stem/domain II interactions stabilize the post-fusion hairpin conformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Baquero
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Juliette Fedry
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Pierre Legrand
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Felix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1 Paralog as a Mediator of Parasite Adherence to Reticulocytes. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00239-18. [PMID: 29967091 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00239-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax parasites preferentially invade reticulocytes in human beings. P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1) and PvMSP1 paralog (PvMSP1P) may have important functions in reticulocyte adherence during invasion. These proteins share similar structures, including the presence of two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored domains at the C terminus. However, there have been no reports concerning the functional activity of PvMSP1P in reticulocyte adherence during P. vivax invasion. In this study, the ability of PvMSP1P-19 to bind to reticulocytes and normocytes was analyzed. The reticulocyte binding activity of PvMSP1P-19 was 4.0-fold higher than its normocyte binding activity. The binding of PvMSP1P-19 to reticulocytes and normocytes was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by antibodies from immunized rabbits and by antibodies from vivax parasite-infected patients. Consistently, antibodies against PvMSP1P inhibited parasite invasion during short-term in vitro cultivation. Similar to the case for PvDBPII binding activity, PvMSP1P-19 binding activity was reduced in chymotrypsin-treated reticulocytes. However, no significant difference between the binding of PvMSP1P-19 to Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative erythrocytes was found. The minimal binding motif of PvMSP1P-19 was characterized using synthetic peptides. The results showed that the residues at amino acid positions 1791 to 1808 may have an important function in mediating merozoite adherence to reticulocytes. The positively charged residues within the EGF-like domain were shown to constitute a key binding motif. This work presents strong evidence supporting the role of PvMSP1P in host target cell selection and invasion of Duffy-independent pathway in P. vivax Moreover, PvMSP1P-19-specific antibodies may confer protection against P. vivax reinvasion.
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Mehrabi M, Mahdiuni H, Rasouli H, Mansouri K, Shahlaei M, Khodarahmi R. Comparative experimental/theoretical studies on the EGFR dimerization under the effect of EGF/EGF analogues binding: Highlighting the importance of EGF/EGFR interactions at site III interface. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:401-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kim H, Seo C, Ji M, Kim Y, Kim JD, Jeong DH, Lee W, Paik MJ. Monitoring of Epidermal Growth Factor Degradation Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Suncheon 57922 South Korea
| | - Chan Seo
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Suncheon 57922 South Korea
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Suncheon 57922 South Korea
| | - Youngbae Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Suncheon 57922 South Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Jeongup 56212 South Korea
| | - Jung Dong Kim
- Raphas, Avison Biomedical Research Center; Seoul South Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Jeong
- Raphas, Avison Biomedical Research Center; Seoul South Korea
| | - Wonjae Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 South Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Suncheon 57922 South Korea
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Buzzi M, Versura P, Grigolo B, Cavallo C, Terzi A, Pellegrini M, Giannaccare G, Randi V, Campos EC. Comparison of growth factor and interleukin content of adult peripheral blood and cord blood serum eye drops for cornea and ocular surface diseases. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 57:549-555. [PMID: 29929885 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various blood-derived products have been proposed for the topical treatment of ocular surface diseases. The aim of the study was to compare the different content of Growth Factors (GFs) and Interleukins (ILs) in peripheral blood (PB-S) and Cord Blood (CB-S) sera. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera were obtained from 105 healthy adult donors (PB-S) and 107 umbilical/placental veins at the time of delivery (CB-S). The levels of epithelial-GF (EGF), fibroblast-GF (FGF), platelet-derived-GF (PDGF), insulin-GF (IGF), transforming-GF alpha (TGF-α,) and beta 1-2-3 (TGF-β1-β2-β3), vascular endothelial-GF (VEGF), nerve-GF (NGF), Interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed by Bio-Plex Protein Array System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, CA, USA). The Mann-Whitney test for unpaired data was applied to compare GFs and ILs levels in the two sources. The associations among each GF/IL level and the obstetric data for CB-S and hematological characteristics for PB-S were also investigated. RESULTS The levels of EGF, TGF-α, TGF-β2, FGF, PDGF, VEGF, NGF, IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 were significantly higher in CB-S compared to PB-S. Conversely, the levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in PB-S. The female sex and the weight of the child showed a significant association in predicting EGF and PDGF levels. CONCLUSION A significantly different content in those GFs and ILs was demonstrated in the two blood sources. Since each GF/IL selectively regulates different cellular processes involved in corneal healing, the use of PB-S or CB-S should be chosen on the basis of the cellular mechanism to be promoted in each clinical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buzzi
- Emilia Romagna Cord Blood Bank-Transfusion Service, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Versura
- Ophthalmology Unit, DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna and S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - B Grigolo
- RAMSES Laboratory, Department of Research & Innovation, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cavallo
- RAMSES Laboratory, Department of Research & Innovation, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Terzi
- Emilia Romagna Cord Blood Bank-Transfusion Service, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Pellegrini
- Ophthalmology Unit, DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna and S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Giannaccare
- Ophthalmology Unit, DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna and S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Randi
- Emilia Romagna Cord Blood Bank-Transfusion Service, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - E C Campos
- Ophthalmology Unit, DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna and S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Hashmi AA, Hussain ZF, Irfan M, Khan EY, Faridi N, Naqvi H, Khan A, Edhi MM. Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over expression in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder. BMC Urol 2018; 18:59. [PMID: 29879970 PMCID: PMC5992678 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to have abnormal expression in many human cancers and is considered as a marker of poor prognosis. Frequency of over expression in bladder cancer has not been studied in our population; therefore we aimed to evaluate the frequency and prognostic significance of EGFR immunohistochemical expression in locoregional population. Methods We performed EGFR immunohistochemistry on 126 cases of bladder cancer and association of EGFR expression with tumor grade, lamina propria invasion, deep muscle invasion and recurrence of disease was evaluated. Results High EGFR expression was noted in 26.2% (33 cases), 15.1% (19 cases) and 58.7% (74 cases) revealed low and no EGFR expression respectively. Significant association of EGFR expression was noted with tumor grade, lamina propria invasion, deep muscle invasion and recurrence status while no significant association was seen with age, gender and overall survival. Kaplan- Meier curves revealed significant association of EGFR expression with recurrence while no significant association was seen with overall survival. Conclusion Significant association of EGFR overexpression with tumor grade, muscularis propria invasion and recurrence signifies its prognostic value; therefore EGFR can be used as a prognostic biomarker in Urothelial bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali Hashmi
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Yousuf Khan
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveen Faridi
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Khan
- Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
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Avtanski D, Poretsky L. Phyto-polyphenols as potential inhibitors of breast cancer metastasis. Mol Med 2018; 24:29. [PMID: 30134816 PMCID: PMC6016885 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women as metastasis is currently the main cause of mortality. Breast cancer cells undergoing metastasis acquire resistance to death signals and increase of cellular motility and invasiveness.Plants are rich in polyphenolic compounds, many of them with known medicinal effects. Various phyto-polyphenols have also been demonstrated to suppress cancer growth. Their mechanism of action is usually pleiotropic as they target multiple signaling pathways regulating key cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Importantly, some phyto- polyphenols show low level of toxicity to untransformed cells, but selective suppressing effects on cancer cells proliferation and differentiation.In this review, we summarize the current information about the mechanism of action of some phyto-polyphenols that have demonstrated anti-carcinogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Gained knowledge of how these natural polyphenolic compounds work can give us a clue for the development of novel anti-metastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter Avtanski
- Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, Suite 8B, Room 837, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Leonid Poretsky
- Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, 10022, USA
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Dao DT, Nandivada P, Vuong JT, Anez-Bustillos L, Pan A, Kishikawa H, Mitchell PD, Baker MA, Fell GL, Martin T, Puder M. Vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates compensatory lung growth by increasing the alveolar units. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:1182-1189. [PMID: 29638228 PMCID: PMC6019135 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2018.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundDeficiency of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with hypoplastic lung diseases, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Provision of VEGF has been demonstrated to be beneficial in hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and hence could induce lung growth and improve the outcome in hypoplastic lung diseases. We aimed to determine the effects of exogenous VEGF in a rodent model of compensatory lung growth after left pneumonectomy.MethodsEight-to-ten-week-old C57Bl6 male mice underwent left pneumonectomy, followed by daily intra-peritoneal injections of saline or VEGF (0.5 mg/kg). Lung volume measurement, pulmonary function tests, and morphometric analyses were performed on post-operative day (POD) 4 and 10. The pulmonary expression of angiogenic factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot.ResultsLung volume on POD 4 was higher in the VEGF-treated mice (P=0.03). On morphometric analyses, VEGF increased the parenchymal volume (P=0.001), alveolar volume (P=0.0003), and alveolar number (P<0.0001) on POD 4. The VEGF group displayed higher levels of phosphorylated-VEGFR2/VEGFR2 (P=0.03) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) messenger RNA (P=0.01).ConclusionVEGF accelerated the compensatory lung growth in mice, by increasing the alveolar units. These changes may be mediated by VEGFR2 and EGF-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T. Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Prathima Nandivada
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline T. Vuong
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul D. Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Meredith A. Baker
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gillian L. Fell
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Martin
- Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Selected proliferation markers correlated with dynamics of growth in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 28:181-187. [PMID: 29688906 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, the dynamics of tumor growth is an important factor for treatment decision. However, it is difficult to evaluate the dynamics of tumor growth, especially those of synchronous metastatic diseases. This study aimed to find some indicators related to tumor proliferation to judge the dynamics of tumor progression. The pathological reports and clinical data of 1205 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were retrospectively reviewed; 75 patients with known relapse time after radical resection were included, and the expression of proliferation-associated proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Relapse-free time (RFT) from radical resection to relapse was obtained to analyze the relationship with expression of these factors. Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis showed that the overexpression of cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and late pathological stage after surgery indicated shorter RFT. Multivariate analysis showed that EGFR and the stage were independent predictors of RFT. Expression of EGFR and cyclin D1 and the pathological stage were included as combination risk factors for RFT analysis; more risk factors were correlated with shorter RFT. EGFR and cyclin D1 seemed to be indicators of the dynamics of tumor growth, and overexpression of those molecules may suggest rapid growth and poor prognosis.
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Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Fortini F, Aquila G, Pavasini R, Biscaglia S, Bernucci D, Del Franco A, Tonet E, Rizzo P, Ferrari R, Campo G. Ticagrelor Improves Endothelial Function by Decreasing Circulating Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Front Physiol 2018; 9:337. [PMID: 29686623 PMCID: PMC5900783 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticagrelor is one of the most powerful P2Y12 inhibitor. We have recently reported that, in patients with concomitant Stable Coronary Artery Disease (SCAD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), treatment with ticagrelor, as compared to clopidogrel, is associated with an improvement of the endothelial function (Clinical Trial NCT02519608). In the present study, we showed that, in the same population, after 1 month treatment with ticagrelor, but not with clopidogrel, there is a decrease of the circulating levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that these changes in circulating levels of EGF correlate with on-treatment platelet reactivity. Furthermore, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) incubated with sera of the patients treated with ticagrelor, but not with clopidogrel there is an increase of p-eNOS levels. Finally, analyzing the changes in EGF and p-eNOS levels after treatment, we observed an inverse correlation between p-eNOS and EGF changes only in the ticagrelor group. Causality between EGF and eNOS activation was assessed in vitro in HUVEC where we showed that EGF decreases eNOS activity in a dose dependent manner. Taken together our data indicate that ticagrelor improves endothelial function by lowering circulating EGF that results in the activation of eNOS in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Simone Biscaglia
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Davide Bernucci
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Del Franco
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tonet
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
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Abstract
Peptides found in skin can act by different mechanisms of action, being able to function as epidermal or nervous growth factors or even as neurotransmitters. Due to the vast functionality of these compounds, there is growing research on bioactive peptides aimed at investigating their uses in products developed for stimulating collagen and elastin synthesis and improving skin healing. Thus, a literature search on applications of the most common bioactive peptides used in cosmeceuticals was carried out. There is a lack of proper reviews concerning this topic in scientific literature. Nine peptides with specific actions on body and facial dysfunctions were described. It could be noted while searching scientific literature that studies aimed at investigating peptides which prevent aging of the skin are overrepresented. This makes searching for peptides designed for treating other skin dysfunctions more difficult. The use of biomimetic peptides in cosmetic formulations aimed at attenuating or preventing different types of skin dysfunctions is a topic where information is still lackluster. Even though research on these compounds is relatively common, there is still a need for more studies concerning their practical uses so their mechanisms of action can be fully elucidated, as they tend to be quite complex.
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Labianca R, La Verde N, Garassino M. Development and Clinical Indications of Cetuximab. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:40-46. [DOI: 10.1177/17246008070221s405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that targets the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with high specificity and affinity. It competitively inhibits endogenous ligand binding and thereby inhibits subsequent EGFR activation. The EGFR signaling pathways regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis, all of which become deregulated in cancer cells. EGFR is an important target for cancer therapy and many studies have demonstrated that cetuximab is active in several types of cancer, particularly colorectal and head and neck cancer. Cetuximab enhances the effects of many standard cytotoxic agents, including irinotecan, and in combination with chemotherapy it can elicit antitumor responses in tumors that previously failed to respond to that chemotherapy. Cetuximab also enhances radiation-induced apoptosis. On the basis of a pivotal European randomized study (the BOND study) and of 2 clinical studies conducted in the USA, cetuximab has been approved in combination with irinotecan for patients affected by EGFR-expressing metastatic colon cancer after failure with irinotecan. There have only been a few small phase II trials on first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer, but the results suggest promising activity of cetuximab together with irinotecan or oxaliplatin. There is some evidence that additive efficacy can be achieved using EGFR inhibitors in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors such as bevacizumab. A correlation between response and the main toxicity (acne-like skin reaction) has been observed but is unclear. EGFR status as a specific marker for EGFR inhibitors is controversial. At the moment, EGFR expression does not appear to be a predictive factor for response to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Labianca
- Oncology Department, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo
| | - N. La Verde
- Oncology Department, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Milan - Italy
| | - M.C. Garassino
- Oncology Department, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Milan - Italy
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Vettath SK, Shivashankar G, Menon KN, Vijayachandran LS. Recombinant expression of extracellular domain of mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in prokaryotic and baculovirus expression systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 110:582-587. [PMID: 29292145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a tumor specific antigen detected in various tumors including gliomas, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Screening of EGFRvIII targeting drug molecules can be accelerated by developing drug screening platforms using recombinantly expressed protein. Choice of expression system is one of the major factors deciding the success of recombinant expression of a protein. In our study, we have tried to express and purify the extracellular domain (ECD) of this highly unstable protein using bacterial and baculovirus expression systems to select the expression system suited for our purpose. Even though the protein was successfully expressed in prokaryotic system, purification could be done only under denaturing conditions. But in the baculovirus expression system, the protein was expressed in soluble form and could be purified under native conditions, with single step of purification. Based on our results, we conclude that insect cells are better choice over E. coli cells for expressing EGFRvIII ECD in soluble form. This study provides insights for other researchers involved in expression of similar unstable membrane proteins, on selecting the best expression system and challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kodengil Vettath
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Gaganashree Shivashankar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Krishnakumar N Menon
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
| | - Lakshmi S Vijayachandran
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
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Bahrami A, Miraie-Ashtiani SR, Sadeghi M, Najafi A, Ranjbar R. Dynamic modeling of folliculogenesis signaling pathways in the presence of miRNAs expression. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:76. [PMID: 29258623 PMCID: PMC5735818 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TEK signaling plays a very important role in folliculogenesis. It activates Ras/ERK/MYC, PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and ovarian steroidogenesis activation pathways. These are the main pathways for cell growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival and protein synthesis. Results TEK signaling on each of the two important pathways where levels of pERK, pMYC, pAkt, pMCL1 and pEIF4EBP1 are increased in dominant follicles and pMYC is decreased in dominant follicles. Over activation of ERK and MYC which are the main cell growth and proliferation and over activation of Akt, MCl1, mTORC1 and EIF4EBP1 which are the main cell survival and protein synthesis factors act as promoting factors for folliculogenesis. In case of over expression of hsa-miR-30d-3p and hsa-miR-451a, MYC activity level is considerably increased in subordinate follicles. Our simulation results show that in the presence of has-miR-548v and bta-miR-22-3p, downstream factors of pathways are inhibited. Conclusions Our work offers insight into the design of natural biological procedures and makes predictions that can guide further experimental studies on folliculogenesis pathways. Moreover, it defines a simple signal processing unit that may be useful for engineering synthetic biology and genes circuits to carry out cell-based computation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-017-0371-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Reza Miraie-Ashtiani
- Department of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, University college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sinha S, Tong WY, Williamson NH, McInnes SJP, Puttick S, Cifuentes-Rius A, Bhardwaj R, Plush SE, Voelcker NH. Novel Gd-Loaded Silicon Nanohybrid: A Potential Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expressing Cancer Cell Targeting Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42601-42611. [PMID: 29154535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuing our research efforts in developing mesoporous silicon nanoparticle-based biomaterials for cancer therapy, we employed here porous silicon nanoparticles as a nanocarrier to deliver contrast agents to diseased cells. Nanoconfinement of small molecule Gd-chelates (L1-Gd) enhanced the T1 contrast dramatically compared to distinct Gd-chelate (L1-Gd) by virtue of its slow tumbling rate, increased number of bound water molecules, and their occupancy time. The newly synthesized Gd-chelate (L1-Gd) was covalently grafted on silicon nanostructures and conjugated to an antibody specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via a hydrazone linkage. The salient feature of this nanosized contrast agent is the capability of EGFR targeted delivery to cancer cells. Mesoporous silicon nanoparticles were chosen as the nanocarrier because of their high porosity, high surface area, and excellent biodegradability. This type of nanosized contrast agent also performs well in high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Sinha
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nathan H Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Steven J P McInnes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Simon Puttick
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Anna Cifuentes-Rius
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Richa Bhardwaj
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton, Victoria Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Gell AL, Groysbeck N, Becker CFW, Conibear AC. A comparative study of synthetic and semisynthetic approaches for ligating the epidermal growth factor to a bivalent scaffold. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:871-879. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Gell
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Nadja Groysbeck
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Anne C. Conibear
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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78
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Visible and UV-curable chitosan derivatives for immobilization of biomolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1611-1619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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79
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Lai KSP, Liu CS, Rau A, Lanctôt KL, Köhler CA, Pakosh M, Carvalho AF, Herrmann N. Peripheral inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 175 studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:876-882. [PMID: 28794151 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. This study quantitatively summarised the data on peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with AD compared with healthy controls (HC). METHODS Original reports containing measurements of peripheral inflammatory markers in AD patients and HC were included for meta-analysis. Standardised mean differences were calculated using a random effects model. Meta-regression and exploration of heterogeneity was performed using publication year, age, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, plasma versus serum measurements and immunoassay type. RESULTS A total of 175 studies were combined to review 51 analytes in 13 344 AD and 12 912 HC patients. Elevated peripheral interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, interferon-γ, homocysteine, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, C-X-C motif chemokine-10, epidermal growth factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, α1-antichymotrypsin and decreased IL-1 receptor antagonist and leptin were found in patients with AD compared with HC. IL-6 levels were inversely correlated with mean MMSE scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that AD is accompanied by a peripheral inflammatory response and that IL-6 may be a useful biological marker to correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Sing P Lai
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celina S Liu
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Rau
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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80
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Mehrabi M, Mansouri K, Soleymani B, Hoseinkhani Z, Shahlaie M, Khodarahmi R. Development of a human epidermal growth factor derivative with EGFR-blocking and depleted biological activities: A comparative in vitro study using EGFR-positive breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:275-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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81
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Alqudah M, Qandeel H, Al-Zoubi N, Alqudah A, Bani-Ahmad M, Alzoubi A. Changes of serum growth factors profiles in patients with venous thromboembolism. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:595-600. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1379607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Haitham Qandeel
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nabil Al-Zoubi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Mohammad Bani-Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Abstract
Background: In solid organ malignancies, no tumor type has seen a greater impact from the development of novel targeted therapies in 2004 than metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: We review the current progress to date with the use of monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancer and look at newer therapies under investigation. Results: Two monoclonal antibodies received Food and Drug Administration approval in early 2004, both for the indication of advanced, metastatic colorectal cancer. A large, randomized, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that the addition of a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, bevacizumab, led to a statistically significant improvement in overall survival, with tolerable additional toxicity. Chimeric monoclonal antibody therapy directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor was associated with radiographic responses in a significant minority of patients with irinotecan-refractory colon cancer in a randomized phase II study of patients with irinotecan-refractory disease. Conclusions: These dramatic successes have led to further clinical studies of targeted therapy in colorectal cancer, making it one of the most promising areas of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Alekshun
- Medical Oncology/Hematology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612-9797, USA
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83
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Holub JM. Small Scaffolds, Big Potential: Developing Miniature Proteins as Therapeutic Agents. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:268-282. [PMID: 28799168 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Miniature proteins are a class of oligopeptide characterized by their short sequence lengths and ability to adopt well-folded, three-dimensional structures. Because of their biomimetic nature and synthetic tractability, miniature proteins have been used to study a range of biochemical processes including fast protein folding, signal transduction, catalysis and molecular transport. Recently, miniature proteins have been gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents because their small size and ability to fold into defined tertiary structures facilitates their development as protein-based drugs. This research overview discusses emerging developments involving the use of miniature proteins as scaffolds to design novel therapeutics for the treatment and study of human disease. Specifically, this review will explore strategies to: (i) stabilize miniature protein tertiary structure; (ii) optimize biomolecular recognition by grafting functional epitopes onto miniature protein scaffolds; and (iii) enhance cytosolic delivery of miniature proteins through the use of cationic motifs that facilitate endosomal escape. These objectives are discussed not only to address challenges in developing effective miniature protein-based drugs, but also to highlight the tremendous potential miniature proteins hold for combating and understanding human disease. Drug Dev Res 78 : 268-282, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Holub
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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84
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Zhou J, Yang W, Hu Y, Höti N, Liu Y, Shah P, Sun S, Clark D, Thomas S, Zhang H. Site-Specific Fucosylation Analysis Identifying Glycoproteins Associated with Aggressive Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Using Tandem Affinity Enrichments of Intact Glycopeptides Followed by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7623-7630. [PMID: 28627880 PMCID: PMC5599242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylation (Fuc) of glycoproteins plays an important role in regulating protein function and has been associated with the development of several cancer types including prostate cancer (Pca). Therefore, the research of Fuc glycoproteins has attracted increasing attention recently in the analytical field. Herein, a strategy based on lectin affinity enrichments of intact glycopeptides followed by mass spectrometry has been established to evaluate the specificities of various Fuc-binding lectins for glycosite-specific Fuc analysis of nonaggressive (NAG) and aggressive (AG) Pca cell lines. The enrichment specificities of Fuc glycopeptides using lectins (LCA, PSA, AAL, LTL, UEA I, and AOL) and MAX extraction cartridges alone, or in tandem, were evaluated. Our results showed that the use of lectin enrichment significantly increased the ratio of fucosylated glycopeptides to total glycopeptides compared to MAX enrichment. Furthermore, tandem use of lectin followed by MAX increased the number of identifications of Fuc glycopeptides compared to using lectin enrichment alone. LCA, PSA, and AOL showed stronger binding capacity than AAL, LTL, and UEA I. Also, LCA and PSA bound specifically to core Fuc, whereas AOL, AAL, and UEA I showed binding to both core Fuc and branch Fuc. The optimized enrichment method with tandem enrichment of LCA followed by MAX (LCA-MAX) was then applied to examine the Fuc glycoproteomes in two NAG and two AG Pca cell lines. In total, 973 intact Fuc glycopeptides were identified and quantified from 252 Fuc proteins by using the tandem-mass-tags (TMT) labeling and nanoliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) analysis. Further data analysis revealed that 51 Fuc glycopeptides were overexpressed more than 2-fold in AG cell lines compared to NAG cells. The analysis of protein core fucosylation has great potential for aiding our understanding of invasive activity of AG Pca and may lead to the development of diagnostic approaches for AG Pca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Punit Shah
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Shisheng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - David Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Stefani Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21287, Maryland United States
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Sun S, Kiang KMY, Ho ASW, Lee D, Poon MW, Xu FF, Pu JKS, Kan ANC, Lee NPY, Liu XB, Man K, Day PJR, Lui WM, Fung CF, Leung GKK. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) promotes malignant phenotypes in glioma via MAPK signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71911-71923. [PMID: 29069756 PMCID: PMC5641099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) has previously been identified as a novel target for chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Yet its functional roles in glioma carcinogenesis remain elusive. In clinical analysis using human glioma specimens and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) profiles, we found that aberrant expression of P4HB was correlated with high-grade malignancy and an angiogenic phenotype in glioma. Furthermore, P4HB upregulation conferred malignant characteristics including proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis in vitro, and increased tumor growth in vivo via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Pathway analysis suggested genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of P4HB suppressed MAPK expression and its downstream targets were involved in angiogenesis and invasion. This is the first study that demonstrates the oncogenic roles of P4HB and its underlying mechanism in glioma. Since tumor invasion and Vascularisation are typical hallmarks in malignant glioma, our findings uncover a promising anti-glioma mechanism through P4HB-mediated retardation of MAPK signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Sun
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Karrie M Y Kiang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Amy S W Ho
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Wai Poon
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Fei-Fan Xu
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny K S Pu
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda N C Kan
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nikki P Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Bing Liu
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Philip J R Day
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wai-Man Lui
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Fai Fung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Gilberto K K Leung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Eissazadeh S, Moeini H, Dezfouli MG, Heidary S, Nelofer R, Abdullah MP. Production of recombinant human epidermal growth factor in Pichia pastoris. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:286-293. [PMID: 27998673 PMCID: PMC5470459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to express human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in Pichia pastoris GS115. For this aim, the hEGF gene was cloned into the pPIC9K expression vector, and then integrated into P. pastoris by electroporation. ELISA-based assay showed that the amount of hEGF secreted into the medium can be affected by the fermentation conditions especially by culture medium, pH and temperature. The best medium for the optimal hEGF production was BMMY buffered at a pH range of 6.0 and 7.0. The highest amount of hEGF with an average yield of 2.27 μg/mL was obtained through an induction of the culture with 0.5% (v/v) methanol for 60 h. The artificial neural network (ANN) analysis revealed that changes in both pH and temperature significantly affected the hEGF production with the pH change had slightly higher impact on hEGF production than variations in the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Eissazadeh
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Moeini
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Institute of Bioscience, Malaysia.
| | | | - Somayyeh Heidary
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Malaysia
| | - Rubina Nelofer
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Puad Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Malaysia
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Song A, Zhang J, Ge Y, Wang C, Meng Q, Tang Z, Peng J, Liu K, Li Y, Ma X. C-2 (E)-4-(Styryl)aniline substituted diphenylpyrimidine derivatives (Sty-DPPYs) as specific kinase inhibitors targeting clinical resistance related EGFR T790M mutant. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2724-2729. [PMID: 28385595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to overcome the drug resistance induced by the EGFR T790M mutation (EGFRT790M), herein, a family of diphenylpyrimidine derivatives (Sty-DPPYs) bearing a C-2 (E)-4-(styryl)aniline functionality were designed and synthesized as potential EGFRT790M inhibitors. Among them, the compound 10e displayed strong potency against the EGFRT790M enzyme, with the IC50 of 11.0nM. Compound 10e also showed a higher SI value (SI=49.0) than rociletinib (SI=21.4), indicating its less side effect. In addition, compound 10e could effectively inhibit the proliferation of H1975 cells harboring the EGFRT790M mutation, within the concentration of 2.91μM. Significantly, compound 10e has low toxicity against the normal HBE cell (IC50=22.48μM). This work provided new insights into the discovery of potent and selective inhibitor against EGFRT790M over wild-type (EGFRWT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yang Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Kwon SB, An S, Kim MJ, Kim KR, Choi YM, Ahn KJ, An IS, Cha HJ. Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate and epidermal growth factor synergistically restore extracellular matrix in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:741-748. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Maiti A, Takabe K, Hait NC. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is dependent on SphKs/S1P signaling for growth and survival. Cell Signal 2017; 32:85-92. [PMID: 28108260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
About 40,000 American women die from metastatic breast cancer each year despite advancements in treatment. Approximately, 15% of breast cancers are triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Triple-negative cancer is characterized by more aggressive, harder to treat with conventional approaches and having a greater possibility of recurrence. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid signaling mediator has emerged as a key regulatory molecule in breast cancer progression. Therefore, we investigated whether cytosolic sphingosine kinase type 1 (SphK1) and nuclear sphingosine kinase type 2 (SphK2), the enzymes that make S1P are critical for growth and PI3K/AKT, ERK-MAP kinase mediated survival signaling of lung metastatic variant LM2-4 breast cancer cells, generated from the parental triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Similar with previous report, SphKs/S1P signaling is critical for the growth and survival of estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, was used as our study control. MDA-MB-231 did not show a significant effect of SphKs/S1P signaling on AKT, ERK, and p38 pathways. In contrast, LM2-4 cells that gained lung metastatic phenotype from primary MDA-MB-231 cells show a significant effect of SphKs/S1P signaling requirement on cell growth, survival, and cell motility. PF-543, a selective potent inhibitor of SphK1, attenuated epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated cell growth and survival signaling through inhibition of AKT, ERK, and p38 MAP kinase pathways mainly in LM2-4 cells but not in parental MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Moreover, K-145, a selective inhibitor of SphK2, markedly attenuated EGF-mediated cell growth and survival of LM2-4 cells. We believe this study highlights the importance of SphKs/S1P signaling in metastatic triple-negative breast cancers and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Maiti
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Nitai C Hait
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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90
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Ibrahim N, Elzagheid A, El-Hashmi H, Syrjänen K, Alhakim S. The Potential Value of EGFR and P53 Immunostaining in Tumors of the Urinary Bladder. Libyan J Med 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v4i4.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ibrahim
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, African Oncology Institute, Sabratha, Libya,
| | - A. Elzagheid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - H. El-Hashmi
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, African Oncology Institute, Sabratha, Libya,
| | - K. Syrjänen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Savitehtaankatu, Turku, Finland and
| | - S. Alhakim
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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91
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Pansani TN, Basso FG, Turrioni APS, Soares DG, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Effects of low-level laser therapy and epidermal growth factor on the activities of gingival fibroblasts obtained from young or elderly individuals. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 32:45-52. [PMID: 27677475 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on fibroblasts obtained from young and elderly individuals. Gingival fibroblasts from young (Y) and elderly (E) individuals were seeded in wells of 24-well plates with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10 % of fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 24 h, the cells were irradiated (LASERTable-InGaAsP-780 ± 3 nm, 25 mW, 3 J/cm2) or exposed to EGF (100 μM). After 72 h, cells were evaluated for viability, migration, collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis, and gene expression of growth factors. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 5 %). Y and E fibroblasts irradiated with laser or exposed to EGF showed increased viability and collagen synthesis. Enhanced cell migration was observed for Y fibroblasts after both treatments, whereas only the LLLT stimulated migration of E cells. VEGF synthesis was higher for Y and E cells exposed to EGF, while this synthesis was reduced when E fibroblasts were irradiated. Increased gene expression of VEGF was observed only for Y and E fibroblasts treated with LLLT. Regardless of a patient's age, the LLLT and EGF applications can biostimulate gingival fibroblast functions involved in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silveira Turrioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Federal Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Humaita, 1680. Centro, 14801903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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92
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Masroor M, Amit J, Javid J, Mir R, Prasant Y, Imtiyaz A, Mariyam Z, Mohan A, Ray PC, Saxena A. Clinical Implication of EGF A61G Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Case Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7529-34. [PMID: 26625757 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays important roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the EGF (+61A/G) gene has been linked to increased risk of NSCLC. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the EGF +61A/G polymorphism in risk of NSCLC adenocarcinoma (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed NSCLC (ADC) patients and 100 healthy controls. EGF (A61G) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of NSCLC patients was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS It was found that EGF 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of NSCLC (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. Patients homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for patients with EGF 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. NSCLC (ADC) patients with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the EGF A61G genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify patients at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Masroor
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India E-mail :
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93
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Pitt AM, Lee C. High Throughput Screening Protein Kinase Assays Optimized for Reaction, Binding, and Detection Totally within a 96-Well Plate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108705719600100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction assays, particularly for protein kinases, are an area of increasing interest and activity for laboratories investigating the regulation of cellular functions. The traditional kinase assay methods require the tedious and time consuming manipulation of phosphocellulose disks typically used to bind the phosphorylated substrate. Drug discovery research requires the availability of rapid and reliable procedures to evaluate large numbers of samples for bioactivity. The 96-well phosphocellulose MultiScreen(r) assay plates were specifically developed to meet these assay requirements. A cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) assay was optimized to be performed entirely within the phosphocellulose MultiScreen plate, including reagent and sample addition, incubation, washing, and direct microplate scintillation counting. The protocol is directly adaptable to a high throughput kinase screen. Both the Kemptide peptide (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly) and the histone H1 protein were used as the phosphorylation substrates. Crude and purified PKA enzymes were found to have a sensitivity of 0.4 U for Kemptide substrate, which was comparable to the assay performed by the traditional transfer to phosphocellulose paper. The results demonstrate that kinase assays can be performed entirely in a MultiScreen phosphocellulose plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo M. Pitt
- Millipore Corporation, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
| | - Carolyn Lee
- Millipore Corporation, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
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94
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Ohashi Y, Kumagai K, Miyata Y, Matsubara R, Kitaura K, Suzuki S, Hamada Y, Suzuki R. Overexpression of ErbB4 is an independent marker for lymph node metastasis in Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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95
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Sami N, Kumar V, Islam A, Ali S, Ahmad F, Hassan I. Exploring Missense Mutations in Tyrosine Kinases Implicated with Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5085-5106. [PMID: 27544236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the largest families of evolutionarily related proteins and the third most common protein class of human genome. All the protein kinases share the same structural organization. They are made up of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and an intra cellular kinase domain. Missense mutations in these kinases have been studied extensively and correlated with various neurological disorders. Individual mutations in the kinase domain affect the functions of protein. The enhanced or reduced expression of protein leads to hyperactivation or inactivation of the signalling pathways, resulting in neurodegeneration. Here, we present extensive analyses of missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase focussing on the neurodegenerative diseases encompassing structure function relationship. This is envisaged to enhance our understanding about the neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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96
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Mehrabi M, Khodarahmi R, Shahlaei M. Critical effects on binding of epidermal growth factor produced by amino acid substitutions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1085-1101. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1171799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masomeh Mehrabi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
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97
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Hui YZ, Noffsinger AE, Miller MA, Hurtubise P, Fenoglio-Preiser CM. Strong Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression But Not HER2/neu Expression Correlates with Cell Proliferation in Anal Canal Carcinomas. Int J Surg Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/106689699900700402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight anal carcinomas were analyzed for their proliferative status and immunoreactivity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2/neu, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). EGFR was expressed in 97.3% of tumors. Strong EGFR immunoreactivity correlated with a high proliferative rate (p=0.0 14). No obvious relationship existed between HER2/neu immunoreactivity and proliferative rate. The strong correlation between strong EGFR immunoreactivity and tumor proliferation suggests that the EGFR may represent a therapeutic target in anal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia M. Fenoglio-Preiser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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98
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Abstract
Prevention and therapeutic intervention by phytochemicals are newer dimensions in the arena of cancer management. In this regard, the cancer chemopreventive role of silymarin (Silybum marianum) has been extensively studied and has shown anticancer efficacy against various cancer sites, especially skin and prostate. In skin cancer, silymarin treatment inhibits ultraviolet B radiation or chemically initiated or promoted carcinogenesis. These effects of silymarin against skin carcinogenesis have been attributed to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action as well as its inhibitory effect on mitogenic signaling. Similarly, silymarin treatment inhibits 3, 2-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl—induced prostate carcinogenesis and retards the growth of advanced prostate tumor xenograft in athymic nude mice. In prostate cancer, silymarin treatment down-regulates androgen receptor—, epidermal growth factor receptor—, and nuclear factor-κB— mediated signaling and induces cell cycle arrest. Extensive preclinical findings have supported the anticancer potential of silymarin, and now its efficacy is being evaluated in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, CO 80262, USA
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99
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Martelli C, Dico AL, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Optical imaging probes in oncology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48753-48787. [PMID: 27145373 PMCID: PMC5217050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, characterized by alteration of different physiological molecular processes and cellular features. Keeping this in mind, the possibility of early identification and detection of specific tumor biomarkers by non-invasive approaches could improve early diagnosis and patient management.Different molecular imaging procedures provide powerful tools for detection and non-invasive characterization of oncological lesions. Clinical studies are mainly based on the use of computed tomography, nuclear-based imaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging. Preclinical imaging in small animal models entails the use of dedicated instruments, and beyond the already cited imaging techniques, it includes also optical imaging studies. Optical imaging strategies are based on the use of luminescent or fluorescent reporter genes or injectable fluorescent or luminescent probes that provide the possibility to study tumor features even by means of fluorescence and luminescence imaging. Currently, most of these probes are used only in animal models, but the possibility of applying some of them also in the clinics is under evaluation.The importance of tumor imaging, the ease of use of optical imaging instruments, the commercial availability of a wide range of probes as well as the continuous description of newly developed probes, demonstrate the significance of these applications. The aim of this review is providing a complete description of the possible optical imaging procedures available for the non-invasive assessment of tumor features in oncological murine models. In particular, the characteristics of both commercially available and newly developed probes will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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100
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Tarasova NK, Ytterberg AJ, Lundberg K, Zhang XM, Harris RA, Zubarev RA. Establishing a Proteomics-Based Monocyte Assay To Assess Differential Innate Immune Activation Responses. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2337-45. [PMID: 27223872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells are complex systems that can be simultaneously activated in a variety of ways. Common methods currently used to estimate the response of innate immune cells to stimuli are usually biased toward a single mode of activation. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of designing an assay based on unbiased proteome analysis that would be capable of predicting the complex response of the innate immune system to various challenges. Monocytes were used as representative cells of the innate immune system. The underlying hypothesis was that their proteome response to different activating molecules would reflect the immunogenicity of these molecules. To identify the main modes of response, we treated the human monocytic THP-1 cell line with nine different stimuli. Differentiation and activation were determined to be the two major modes of monocyte response, with PMA causing the strongest differentiation and Pam3CSK4 causing the strongest proinflammatory activation. The established assay was applied to characterize the monocyte response to epidermal growth factor peptide containing isoaspartate, which induced differentiation but not proinflammatory activation. Because of its versatility, robustness, and specificity, this new assay is likely to find a niche among the more established immunological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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