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Zivarpour P, Reiner Ž, Hallajzadeh J, Mirsafaei L. Resveratrol and cardiac fibrosis prevention and treatment. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:190-200. [PMID: 33583368 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210212125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries but in developed countries as well. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most often pathological changes of heart tissues. It occurs as a result of extracellular matrix proteins accumulation at myocardia. Cardiac fibrosis results in impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and is associated with other effects. Therapies with medicines have not been sufficiently successful in treating chronic diseases such as CVD. Therefore, the interest for therapeutic potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants has increased. Plants such as grapes, berries and peanuts contain a polyphenolic compound called "resveratrol" which has been reported to have various therapeutic properties for a variety of diseases. Studies on laboratory models that show that resveratrol has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure cardiomyopathy, thrombosis, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. In vitro animal models using resveratrol indicated protective effects on the heart by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preventing inflammation, increasing neoangiogenesis, dilating blood vessels, suppressing apoptosis and delaying atherosclerosis. In this review, we are presenting experimental and clinical results of studies concerning resveratrol effects on cardiac fibrosis as a CVD outcome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Zivarpour
- Department of Biological sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb. Croatia
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh. Iran
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
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53
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Ohori K, Yano T, Katano S, Kouzu H, Honma S, Shimomura K, Inoue T, Takamura Y, Nagaoka R, Koyama M, Nagano N, Fujito T, Nishikawa R, Ishigo T, Watanabe A, Hashimoto A, Miura T. High percent body fat mass predicts lower risk of cardiac events in patients with heart failure: an explanation of the obesity paradox. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:16. [PMID: 33407196 PMCID: PMC7789382 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor of heart failure (HF), HF patients with a higher BMI had a lower mortality rate than that in HF patients with normal or lower BMI, a phenomenon that has been termed the “obesity paradox”. However, the relationship between body composition, i.e., fat or muscle mass, and clinical outcome in HF remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for 198 consecutive HF patients (76 years of age; males, 49%). Patients who were admitted to our institute for diagnosis and management of HF and received a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan were included regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) categories. Muscle wasting was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index < 7.0 kg/m2 in males and < 5.4 kg/m2 in females. Increased percent body fat mass (increased FM) was defined as percent body fat > 25% in males and > 30% in females. Results The median age of the patients was 76 years (interquartile range [IQR], 67–82 years) and 49% of them were male. The median LVEF was 47% (IQR, 33–63%) and 33% of the patients had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Increased FM and muscle wasting were observed in 58 and 67% of the enrolled patients, respectively. During a 180-day follow-up period, 32 patients (16%) had cardiac events defined as cardiac death or readmission by worsening HF or arrhythmia. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with increased FM had a lower cardiac event rate than did patients without increased FM (11.4% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.03). Kaplan-Meier curves of cardiac event rates did not differ between patients with and those without muscle wasting (16.5% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.93). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, increased FM was independently associated with lower cardiac event rates (hazard ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.93) after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, muscle wasting, and renal function. Conclusions High percent body fat mass is associated with lower risk of short-term cardiac events in HF patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-020-01950-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ohori
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Katano
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Suguru Honma
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimomura
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takamura
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nagaoka
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Nagano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takefumi Fujito
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ishigo
- Division of Hospital Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Watanabe
- Division of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.,Division of Health Care Administration and Management, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Kang GJ, Kim EJ, Lee CH. Therapeutic Effects of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipids Mediators on Cardiac Fibrosis via NRF2 Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121259. [PMID: 33321955 PMCID: PMC7764646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the number one mortality disease in the world. In particular, cardiac fibrosis is considered as a major factor causing myocardial infarction and heart failure. In particular, oxidative stress is a major cause of heart fibrosis. In order to control such oxidative stress, the importance of nuclear factor erythropoietin 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) has recently been highlighted. In this review, we will discuss the activation of NRF2 by docosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from polyunsaturated lipids, including DHA and EPA. Additionally, we will discuss their effects on cardiac fibrosis via NRF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung Jin Kang
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.J.K.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.J.K.); (E.J.K.)
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5213
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Drakopoulou M, Soulaidopoulos S, Oikonomou G, Tousoulis D, Toutouzas K. Cardiovascular Effects of Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:488-506. [PMID: 32056527 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200214115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease is increased among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and remains an underserved area of medical need. Although traditional risk factors for CV disease, such as hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), they are not enough on their own to explain the observed excess CV risk. Rather, systemic inflammation seems to play a pivotal role in both disease states. Considering the inflammatory process in autoimmune diseases, scientific interest has focused on recently introduced biologic disease-modifying agents (bDMARDS) such as inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (ΤΝF-α), Interleukins -1 (IL-1) and -6 (IL-6). Despite the widespread use of bDMARDS in RA and other chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, their precise impact on CV disease and outcome remains to be elucidated, while prospective randomized control trials assessing their impact on hard CV endpoints are scarce. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the effect of bDMARDs on CV outcome and on the risk of developing CV disease in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drakopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Oikonomou
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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56
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Cetin Sanlialp S, Nar G, Senol H. Clinical significance of chitotriosidase in outpatients with advanced heart failure. J Investig Med 2020; 69:736-741. [PMID: 33272933 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The previous studies have shown that plasma chitotriosidase (CHIT) levels increase in many diseases with inflammation. However, there are no reported studies investigating the relationship between CHIT and chronic heart failure (CHF) which is an inflammatory process. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of CHIT in diagnosis and severity of CHF in this study. 36 patients (50% male, mean age 63.17±10.18 years) with left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and 27 controls (44% male, mean age 61.33±8.73 years) were included in this study. Patients with CHF were divided into two groups as ischemic heart failure (IHF) and non-ischemic heart failure (NIHF) according to the underlying etiology. Plasma CHIT and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured by ELISA method. Plasma CHIT and NT-proBNP levels were higher in patients with CHF than in controls (CHIT 931.25±461.39 ng/mL, 232.79±61.28 ng/mL, p<0.001; NT-proBNP, 595.31±428.11 pg/mL vs 78.13±30.47 pg/L; p<0.001). Also, the levels of these parameters increased in IHF compared with NIHF (CHIT, 1139.28±495.22 ng/mL, 671.22±237.21 ng/mL, p=0.002; NT-proBNP, 792.87±461.26 pg/mL vs 348.36±202.61 pg/mL, p=0.001) and there was a strong correlation between NT-proBNP and CHIT (r=0.969, p<0.001). According to this study findings, plasma CHIT level increases in CHF and its increased levels are correlated with NT-proBNP which is used diagnosis and prognosis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokay Nar
- The Department of Cardiology, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- The Department of Biostatistics, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
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57
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Cuomo A, Pirozzi F, Attanasio U, Franco R, Elia F, De Rosa E, Russo M, Ghigo A, Ameri P, Tocchetti CG, Mercurio V. Cancer Risk in the Heart Failure Population: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 23:7. [PMID: 33263821 PMCID: PMC7716920 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Along with population aging, the incidence of both heart failure (HF) and cancer is increasing. However, little is known about new-onset cancer in HF patients. This review aims at showing recent discoveries concerning this subset of patients. RECENT FINDINGS Not only cancer and HF share similar risk factors but also HF itself can stimulate cancer development. Some cytokines produced by the failing heart induce mild inflammation promoting carcinogenesis, as it has been recently suggested by an experimental model of HF in mice. The incidence of new-onset cancer is higher in HF patients compared to the general population, and it significantly worsens their prognosis. Moreover, the management of HF patients developing new-onset cancer is challenging, especially due to the limited therapeutic options for patients affected by both cancer and HF and the higher risk of cardiotoxicity from anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cuomo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Attanasio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Franco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Elia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana De Rosa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Mercurio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Templin AT, Mellati M, Meier DT, Esser N, Hogan MF, Castillo JJ, Akter R, Raleigh DP, Zraika S, Hull RL, Kahn SE. Low concentration IL-1β promotes islet amyloid formation by increasing hIAPP release from humanised mouse islets in vitro. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2385-2395. [PMID: 32728889 PMCID: PMC7529980 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Aggregation of the beta cell secretory product human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) results in islet amyloid deposition, a pathological feature of type 2 diabetes. Amyloid formation is associated with increased levels of islet IL-1β as well as beta cell dysfunction and death, but the mechanisms that promote amyloid deposition in situ remain unclear. We hypothesised that physiologically relevant concentrations of IL-1β stimulate beta cell islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) release and promote amyloid formation. METHODS We used a humanised mouse model of endogenous beta cell hIAPP expression to examine whether low (pg/ml) concentrations of IL-1β promote islet amyloid formation in vitro. Amyloid-forming islets were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of IL-1β with or without an IL-1β neutralising antibody. Islet morphology was assessed by immunohistochemistry and islet mRNA expression, hormone content and release were also quantified. Cell-free thioflavin T assays were used to monitor hIAPP aggregation kinetics in the presence and absence of IL-1β. RESULTS Treatment with a low concentration of IL-1β (4 pg/ml) for 48 h increased islet amyloid prevalence (93.52 ± 3.89% vs 43.83 ± 9.67% amyloid-containing islets) and amyloid severity (4.45 ± 0.82% vs 2.16 ± 0.50% amyloid area/islet area) in hIAPP-expressing mouse islets in vitro. This effect of IL-1β was reduced when hIAPP-expressing islets were co-treated with an IL-1β neutralising antibody. Cell-free hIAPP aggregation assays showed no effect of IL-1β on hIAPP aggregation in vitro. Low concentration IL-1β did not increase markers of the unfolded protein response (Atf4, Ddit3) or alter proIAPP processing enzyme gene expression (Pcsk1, Pcsk2, Cpe) in hIAPP-expressing islets. However, release of IAPP and insulin were increased over 48 h in IL-1β-treated vs control islets (IAPP 0.409 ± 0.082 vs 0.165 ± 0.051 pmol/5 islets; insulin 87.5 ± 8.81 vs 48.3 ± 17.3 pmol/5 islets), and this effect was blocked by co-treatment with IL-1β neutralising antibody. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Under amyloidogenic conditions, physiologically relevant levels of IL-1β promote islet amyloid formation by increasing beta cell release of IAPP. Neutralisation of this effect of IL-1β may decrease the deleterious effects of islet amyloid formation on beta cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Templin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Mahnaz Mellati
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Meghan F Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Joseph J Castillo
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Rehana Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
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Shabbir A, Rathod KS, Khambata RS, Ahluwalia A. Sex Differences in the Inflammatory Response: Pharmacological Opportunities for Therapeutics for Coronary Artery Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:333-359. [PMID: 33035428 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated molecular responses are key to effective initiation and resolution of both acute and chronic inflammation. Vascular inflammation plays an important role in initiating and perpetuating atherosclerotic disease, specifically at the site of plaque and subsequent fibrous cap rupture. Both men and women succumb to this disease process, and although management strategies have focused on revascularization and pharmacological therapies in the acute situation to reverse vessel closure and prevent thrombogenesis, data now suggest that regulation of host inflammation may improve both morbidity and mortality, thus supporting the notion that prevention is better than cure. There is a clear sex difference in the incidence of vascular disease, and data confirm biological differences in inflammatory initiation and resolution between men and women. This article reviews contemporary opinions describing the sex difference in the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses, with a view to explore potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Shabbir
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Krishnaraj Sinhji Rathod
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Rayomand Syrus Khambata
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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Silvain J, Kerneis M, Zeitouni M, Lattuca B, Galier S, Brugier D, Mertens E, Procopi N, Suc G, Salloum T, Frisdal E, Le Goff W, Collet JP, Vicaut E, Lesnik P, Montalescot G, Guerin M. Interleukin-1β and Risk of Premature Death in Patients With Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1763-1773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang YH, Pan X, Zeng T, Chen L, Huang T, Cai YD. Identifying the RNA signatures of coronary artery disease from combined lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles. Genomics 2020; 112:4945-4958. [PMID: 32919019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease. CAD research has greatly progressed during the past decade. mRNA is a traditional and popular pipeline to investigate various disease, including CAD. Compared with mRNA, lncRNA has better stability and thus may serve as a better disease indicator in blood. Investigating potential CAD-related lncRNAs and mRNAs will greatly contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of CAD. In this study, a computational analysis was conducted on patients with CAD by using a comprehensive transcription dataset with combined mRNA and lncRNA expression data. Several machine learning algorithms, including feature selection methods and classification algorithms, were applied to screen for the most CAD-related RNA molecules. Decision rules were also reported to provide a quantitative description about the effect of these RNA molecules on CAD progression. These new findings (CAD-related RNA molecules and rules) can help understand mRNA and lncRNA expression levels in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaoyong Pan
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, 200240 Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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The molecular mechanisms associated with the physiological responses to inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:947-968. [PMID: 32691301 PMCID: PMC7429613 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex physiological signal transduction networks that respond to the dual challenges of inflammatory and oxidative stress are major factors that promote the development of cardiovascular pathologies. These signaling networks contribute to the development of age-related diseases, suggesting crosstalk between the development of aging and cardiovascular disease. Inhibition and/or attenuation of these signaling networks also delays the onset of disease. Therefore, a concept of targeting the signaling networks that are involved in inflammation and oxidative stress may represent a novel treatment paradigm for many types of heart disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the physiological responses to inflammation and oxidative stress especially in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and emphasize the nature of the crosstalk of these signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic implications for cardiovascular medicine.
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63
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Taverne YJHJ, Sadeghi A, Bartelds B, Bogers AJJC, Merkus D. Right ventricular phenotype, function, and failure: a journey from evolution to clinics. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1447-1466. [PMID: 32556672 PMCID: PMC8510935 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The right ventricle has long been perceived as the "low pressure bystander" of the left ventricle. Although the structure consists of, at first glance, the same cardiomyocytes as the left ventricle, it is in fact derived from a different set of precursor cells and has a complex three-dimensional anatomy and a very distinct contraction pattern. Mechanisms of right ventricular failure, its detection and follow-up, and more specific different responses to pressure versus volume overload are still incompletely understood. In order to fully comprehend right ventricular form and function, evolutionary biological entities that have led to the specifics of right ventricular physiology and morphology need to be addressed. Processes responsible for cardiac formation are based on very ancient cardiac lineages and within the first few weeks of fetal life, the human heart seems to repeat cardiac evolution. Furthermore, it appears that most cardiogenic signal pathways (if not all) act in combination with tissue-specific transcriptional cofactors to exert inductive responses reflecting an important expansion of ancestral regulatory genes throughout evolution and eventually cardiac complexity. Such molecular entities result in specific biomechanics of the RV that differs from that of the left ventricle. It is clear that sole descriptions of right ventricular contraction patterns (and LV contraction patterns for that matter) are futile and need to be addressed into a bigger multilayer three-dimensional picture. Therefore, we aim to present a complete picture from evolution, formation, and clinical presentation of right ventricular (mal)adaptation and failure on a molecular, cellular, biomechanical, and (patho)anatomical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Unit for Cardiac Morphology and Translational Electrophysiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs Bartelds
- Division of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Rg627, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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64
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Meindl C, Hochadel M, Frankenstein L, Bruder O, Pauschinger M, Hambrecht R, von Scheidt W, Pfister O, Hartmann A, Maier LS, Senges J, Unsöld B. The role of diabetes in cardiomyopathies of different etiologies-Characteristics and 1-year follow-up results of the EVITA-HF registry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234260. [PMID: 32525964 PMCID: PMC7289353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, e.g. coronary artery disease (CAD). But it has also been shown that diabetes can cause heart failure independently of ischemic heart disease (IHD) by causing diabetic cardiomyopathy. In contrast to diabetes and IHD, limited data exist regarding patients with diabetes and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS EVIdence based TreAtment in Heart Failure (EVITA-HF) comprises web-based case report data on demography, diagnostic measures, adverse events and 1-year follow-up of patients hospitalized for chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction ≤40%. In the present study we focused on the results of patients with diabetes and heart failure. RESULTS Between February 2009 and November 2015, 4101 patients with chronic heart failure were included in 16 tertiary care centers in Germany. The mortality in patients with diabetes and DCM (n = 323) was more than double (15.2%) than that of DCM patients without diabetes (6.5%, p<0.001, n = 885). In contrast the mortality rate of patients with IHD was not influenced by the presence of diabetes (17.6% in patients with IHD and diabetes n = 945, vs. 14.7% in patients with IHD and no diabetes, n = 1236, p = 0.061). The results also remained stable after performing a multivariable analysis (unadjusted p-value for interaction = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.046). CONCLUSION The influence of diabetes on the mortality rate is only significant in patients with DCM not in patients with CAD. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of this effect should be studied in greater detail to improve patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meindl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hochadel
- Stiftung Institut für Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lutz Frankenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruder
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Elisabeth-Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Hambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang von Scheidt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Intensive Care, St. Georg Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Senges
- Stiftung Institut für Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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65
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Abstract
Investigations into the mixed muscle-secretory phenotype of cardiomyocytes from the atrial appendages of the heart led to the discovery that these cells produce, in a regulated manner, two polypeptide hormones - the natriuretic peptides - referred to as atrial natriuretic factor or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), thereby demonstrating an endocrine function for the heart. Studies on the gene encoding ANP (NPPA) initiated the field of modern research into gene regulation in the cardiovascular system. Additionally, ANP and BNP were found to be the natural ligands for cell membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase receptors that mediate the effects of natriuretic peptides through the generation of intracellular cGMP, which interacts with specific enzymes and ion channels. Natriuretic peptides have many physiological actions and participate in numerous pathophysiological processes. Important clinical entities associated with natriuretic peptide research include heart failure, obesity and systemic hypertension. Plasma levels of natriuretic peptides have proven to be powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of heart disease. Development of pharmacological agents that are based on natriuretic peptides is an area of active research, with vast potential benefits for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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66
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Abbate A, Toldo S, Marchetti C, Kron J, Van Tassell BW, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and the Inflammasome as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2020; 126:1260-1280. [PMID: 32324502 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.315937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular sensing protein termed NLRP3 (for NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) forms a macromolecular structure called the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a major role in inflammation, particularly in the production of IL (interleukin)-1β. IL-1β is the most studied of the IL-1 family of cytokines, including 11 members, among which are IL-1α and IL-18. Here, we summarize preclinical and clinical findings supporting the key pathogenetic role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1 cytokines in the formation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis, in ischemic (acute myocardial infarction), and nonischemic injury to the myocardium (myocarditis) and the progression to heart failure. We also review the clinically available IL-1 inhibitors, although not currently approved for cardiovascular indications, and discuss other IL-1 inhibitors, not currently approved, as well as oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors currently in clinical development. Canakinumab, IL-1β antibody, prevented the recurrence of ischemic events in patients with prior acute myocardial infarction in a large phase III clinical trial, including 10 061 patients world-wide. Phase II clinical trials show promising data with anakinra, recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, in patients with ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Anakinra also improved outcomes in patients with pericarditis, and it is now considered standard of care as second-line treatment for patients with recurrent/refractory pericarditis. Rilonacept, a soluble IL-1 receptor chimeric fusion protein neutralizing IL-1α and IL-1β, has also shown promising results in a phase II study in recurrent/refractory pericarditis. In conclusion, there is overwhelming evidence linking the NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-1 cytokines with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The future will likely include targeted inhibitors to block the IL-1 isoforms, and possibly oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, across a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abbate
- From the VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A., S.T., J.K.)
| | - Stefano Toldo
- From the VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A., S.T., J.K.)
| | - Carlo Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA (C.M., C.A.D.)
| | - Jordana Kron
- From the VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A., S.T., J.K.)
| | | | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA (C.M., C.A.D.)
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67
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, and it is the primary cause of mortality in the elderly worldwide. The processes of inflammatory response activation, production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of the complement system, synthesis of autoantibodies, and overexpression of Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules contribute to the HF development and progression. High levels of circulating cytokines correlate with the severity of HF, measured with the use of New York Heart Association's classification, and prognosis of the disease. In HF, there is an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Concentrations of several interleukins are increased in HF, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-18, whereas the levels of IL-5, IL-7, or IL-33 are down-regulated. Concentrations of inflammatory mediators are associated with cardiac function and can be HF markers and predictors of adverse outcomes or mortality. This review presents the role of interleukins, which contribute to the HF initiation and progression, the importance of their pathways in transition from myocardial injury to HF, and the role of interleukins as markers of disease severity and outcome predictors.
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68
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Early Initiation of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure After Acute Decompensation: A Case Series Analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 40:493-501. [PMID: 32193801 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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69
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Bakhshi H, Varadarajan V, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Meyghani Z, Ostovaneh MR, Durda P, Wu CO, Tracy RP, Cushman M, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Association of soluble interleukin-2 receptor α and tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 with heart failure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:639-644. [PMID: 32155316 PMCID: PMC7160474 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Soluble tumour necrosis factor‐α receptor 1 (sTNF‐αR1) and interleukin‐2 receptor α (sIL‐2Rα) predict incident heart failure (HF) in the elderly population. However, the association of these biomarkers with HF in a multi‐ethnic asymptomatic population is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα with incident HF in a multi‐ethnic population of middle age and older participants. Methods and results The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis is a prospective population‐based study of 6814 participants aged 45–84 years who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at enrolment. We included 2869 participants with available sTNF‐αR1 or sIL‐2Rα level measurement at baseline multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis exam (2000–2002). We used Cox proportional‐hazards model to investigate the association between sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα with incident HF after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcium score measured by cardiac computed tomography. Among the included participants, the mean (standard deviation) age was 61.6 (10.2) years and 46.7% were men. The median (interquartile range) sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα were 1293 (1107–1547) and 901 (727–1154) pg/mL. During a median follow‐up of 14.2 (interquartile range: 11.7–14.8) years, 130 participants developed HF. In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, P value) of incident HF for each standard deviation increment of log‐transformed sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα was 1.43 (1.21–1.7, P ≤ 0.001) and 1.26 (1.04–1.53, P = 0.02), respectively. Excluding participants with interim coronary heart disease, we found a statistically significant association between sTNF‐αR1 and HF with hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 1.74, P = 0.005) and sIL‐2Rα and HF showing a hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.76, P = 0.007). Conclusions sTNF‐αR1 and sIL‐2Rα are associated with a higher risk of incident HF in a multi‐ethnic cohort without a previous history of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Bakhshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Wolfe Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Vinithra Varadarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Wolfe Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Wolfe Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zahra Meyghani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Wolfe Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mohammad R Ostovaneh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Wolfe Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - João A C Lima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Wolfe Street/Blalock 524, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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70
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Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome is a complex interplay of dysregulated heart and kidney interaction that leads to multiorgan system dysfunction, which is not an uncommon occurrence in the setting of right heart failure. The traditional concept of impaired perfusion and forward flow recently has been modified to include the recognition of systemic venous congestion as a contributor, with direct and indirect mechanisms, including elevated renal venous pressure, reduced renal perfusion pressure, increased renal interstitial pressure, tubular dysfunction, splanchnic congestion, and neurohormonal and inflammatory activation. Treatment options beyond diuretics and vasoactive drugs remain limited and lack supportive evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thida Tabucanon
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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71
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Yura Y, Sano S, Walsh K. Clonal Hematopoiesis: A New Step Linking Inflammation to Heart Failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:196-207. [PMID: 32140625 PMCID: PMC7046537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a common disease with poor prognosis that is associated with cardiac immune cell infiltration and dysregulated cytokine expression. Recently, the clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells with acquired (i.e., nonheritable) DNA mutations, a process referred to as clonal hematopoiesis, has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Mechanistic studies have shown that leukocytes that harbor these somatic mutations display altered inflammatory characteristics that worsen the phenotypes associated with heart failure in experimental models. In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological and experimental evidence that support the hypothesis that clonal hematopoiesis-mediated immune cell dysfunction contributes to heart failure and cardiovascular disease in general.
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Key Words
- ASXL1, additional sex combs like 1
- DNMT3A
- DNMT3A, DNA methyltransferase-3A
- HSPCs, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
- IL, interleukin
- Il-1β inflammasome
- JAK2
- JAK2, janus kinase 2
- MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm
- PPM1D, protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D
- TET2
- TET2, ten-eleven translocation-2
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNF-α
- TP53, tumor protein 53
- VAF, variant allele fraction
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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72
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Rothman AM, MacFadyen J, Thuren T, Webb A, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ, Libby P, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM. Effects of Interleukin-1β Inhibition on Blood Pressure, Incident Hypertension, and Residual Inflammatory Risk: A Secondary Analysis of CANTOS. Hypertension 2019; 75:477-482. [PMID: 31884854 PMCID: PMC7055941 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. While hypertension and inflammation are physiologically inter-related, the effect of therapies that specifically target inflammation on blood pressure is uncertain. The recent CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) afforded the opportunity to test whether IL (interleukin)-1β inhibition would reduce blood pressure, prevent incident hypertension, and modify relationships between hypertension and cardiovascular events. CANTOS randomized 10 061 patients with prior myocardial infarction and hsCRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein) ≥2 mg/L to canakinumab 50 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, or placebo. A total of 9549 trial participants had blood pressure recordings during follow-up; of these, 80% had a preexisting diagnosis of hypertension. In patients without baseline hypertension, rates of incident hypertension were 23.4, 26.6, and 28.1 per 100-person years for the lowest to highest baseline tertiles of hsCRP (P>0.2). In all participants random allocation to canakinumab did not reduce blood pressure (P>0.2) or incident hypertension during the follow-up period (hazard ratio, 0.96 [0.85–1.08], P>0.2). IL-1β inhibition with canakinumab reduces major adverse cardiovascular event rates. These analyses suggest that the mechanisms underlying this benefit are not related to changes in blood pressure or incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mk Rothman
- From the Department of Cardiology, Chesterman Cardiothoracic Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.M.K.R.).,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.M.K.R.)
| | - Jean MacFadyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (J.M., R.J.G., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tom Thuren
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ (T.T.)
| | - Alastair Webb
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.W.)
| | | | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow (T.J.G.).,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland (T.J.G.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (J.M., R.J.G., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (J.M., R.J.G., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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73
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Everett BM, Cornel JH, Lainscak M, Anker SD, Abbate A, Thuren T, Libby P, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy With Canakinumab for the Prevention of Hospitalization for Heart Failure. Circulation 2019; 139:1289-1299. [PMID: 30586730 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical inflammation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and with adverse prognosis in patients with established heart failure. Yet, treatments specifically directed at reducing inflammation in patients with heart failure have not yet shown improved clinical outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that the interleukin-1β inhibitor canakinumab would prevent hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and the composite of HHF or heart failure-related mortality. METHODS We randomized 10 061 patients with prior myocardial infarction and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L to canakinumab 50, 150, or 300 mg or placebo, given subcutaneously once every 3 months. In total, 2173 (22%) reported a history of heart failure at baseline. We tested the hypothesis that canakinumab prevents prospectively collected HHF events and the composite of HHF or heart failure-related mortality. RESULTS A total of 385 patients had an HHF event during a median follow-up of 3.7 years. Patients who had HHF were older, had higher body mass index, and were more likely to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and prior coronary bypass surgery. As anticipated, median (quartile 1, 3) baseline concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were higher among those who had HHF during follow-up than those who did not (5.7 [3.5, 9.9] mg/L versus 4.2 [2.8, 6.9] mg/L, respectively; P<0.0001). The unadjusted hazard ratios for HHF with each dose of canakinumab compared with placebo were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.79-1.36) for 50 mg, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.65-1.13) for 150 mg, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.57-1.01) for 300 mg ( P for trend=0.025). The composite of HHF or heart failure-related mortality was also reduced by canakinumab, with unadjusted hazard ratios of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.78-1.29) for 50 mg, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.68-1.13) for 150 mg, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.60-1.02) for 300 mg ( P for trend=0.042). CONCLUSIONS These randomized double-blind placebo-controlled data suggest that therapy with canakinumab, an interleukin-1β inhibitor, is related to a dose-dependent reduction in HHF and the composite of HHF or heart failure-related mortality in a population of patients with prior myocardial infarction and elevations in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01327846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Everett
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular (B.M.E., P.L., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Preventive Medicine (B.M.E., R.J.G., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jan H Cornel
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (J.H.C.)
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia (M.L.)
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.D.A.)
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A.)
| | - Tom Thuren
- Novartis, East Hanover, NJ, and Basel, Switzerland (T.T.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular (B.M.E., P.L., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Preventive Medicine (B.M.E., R.J.G., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular (B.M.E., P.L., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Preventive Medicine (B.M.E., R.J.G., P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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74
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Buckley LF, Abbate A. Interleukin-1 blockade in cardiovascular diseases: a clinical update. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:2063-2069. [PMID: 29584915 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-1 was implicated as a cardiodepressant factor in septic shock, and subsequent pre-clinical and clinical research has defined important roles for IL-1 in atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and heart failure (HF). IL-1 promotes the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque and facilitates its progression and complication. In a large phase III clinical trial of stable patients with prior AMI, blocking IL-1 activity using a monoclonal antibody prevented recurrent atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. IL-1 also contributes to adverse remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction after AMI, and in phase II studies, IL-1 blockade quenched the inflammatory response associated with ST-segment elevation AMI and prevented HF. In patients with established HF, IL-1 is thought to impair beta-adrenergic receptor signalling and intracellular calcium handling. Phase II studies in patients with HF show improved exercise capacity with IL-1 blockade. Thus, IL-1 blockade is poised to enter the clinical arena as an additional strategy to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk and/or address inflammatory cardiovascular conditions refractory to standard treatments. There are several IL-1 blockers available for clinical use, which differ in mechanism of action, and potentially also efficacy and safety. While IL-1 blockade is not immunosuppressive and not associated with opportunistic infections or an increased risk of cancer, fatal infections may occur more frequently while on treatment with IL-1 blockers likely due to a blunting of the inflammatory signs of infection leading to delayed presentation and diagnosis. We discuss the practical use of IL-1 blockade, including considerations for patient selection and safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo F Buckley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Pharmacy Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis Street, PBB-AB-314, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Cardiology, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Broad St, Box 980204 Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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75
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Wu B, Huang XY, Li L, Fan XH, Li PC, Huang CQ, Xiao J, Gui R, Wang S. Attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy by relying on kirenol to suppress inflammation in a diabetic rat model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7651-7663. [PMID: 31565849 PMCID: PMC6815847 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diabetes‐induced myocardial abnormalities, accompanied by inflammatory response and alterations in inflammation‐related signalling pathways. Kirenol, isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae, has potent anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of kirenol against DCM and underlying the potential mechanisms in a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Kirenol treatment significantly decreased high glucose‐induced cardiofibroblasts proliferation and increased the cardiomyocytes viability, prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and further attenuated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, accompanied by a reduction in apoptosis‐related protein expression. Kirenol gavage could affect the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in a dose‐dependent manner but not lower lipid profiles, and only decrease fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and mean HbA1c levels in high‐dose kirenol‐treated group at some time‐points. Left ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis and cell apoptosis, as structural and functional abnormalities, were ameliorated by kirenol administration. Moreover, in diabetic hearts, oral kirenol significantly attenuated activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase subfamily and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and Smad2/3 and decreased phosphorylation of IκBα and both fibrosis‐related and apoptosis‐related proteins. In an Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the binding activities of NF‐κB, Smad3/4, SP1 and AP‐1 in the nucleus of diabetic myocardium were significantly down‐regulated by kirenol treatment. Additionally, high dose significantly enhanced myocardial Akt phosphorylation without intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Kirenol may have potent cardioprotective effects on treating for the established diabetic cardiomyopathy, which involves the inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis‐related signalling pathways and is independent of lowering hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Huang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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76
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Narikawa M, Umemura M, Tanaka R, Hikichi M, Nagasako A, Fujita T, Yokoyama U, Ishigami T, Kimura K, Tamura K, Ishikawa Y. Doxorubicin induces trans-differentiation and MMP1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts via cell death-independent pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221940. [PMID: 31513610 PMCID: PMC6742217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy causes lethal heart failure (HF), no early detection or effective treatment methods are available. The principal mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are considered to involve oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the effect of DOX on cardiac fibroblasts at non-lethal concentrations remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of doxorubicin on the activation of cardiac fibroblasts independent of cell death pathways. We first found that DOX induced α-SMA expression (marker of trans-differentiation) at a low concentration range, which did not inhibit cell viability. DOX also increased MMP1, IL-6, TGF-β and collagen expression in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). In addition, DOX promoted Akt and Smad phosphorylation. A Smad inhibitor prevented DOX-induced α-SMA and IL-6 protein expression. An PI3K inhibitor also prevented MMP1 mRNA expression in HCFs. These findings suggest that DOX directly induces fibrotic changes in HCFs via cell death-independent pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed that these responses are organ- and species-specific for HCFs based on experiments using different types of human and murine fibroblast cell lines. These results suggest potentially new mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity from the viewpoint of fibrotic changes in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Narikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (MU); (YI)
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayu Hikichi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akane Nagasako
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (MU); (YI)
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77
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Filardi T, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A, Tanzilli G, Morano S, Lenzi A, Basili S, Crescioli C. Cardiomyopathy Associated with Diabetes: The Central Role of the Cardiomyocyte. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133299. [PMID: 31284374 PMCID: PMC6651183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) labels an abnormal cardiac structure and performance due to intrinsic heart muscle malfunction, independently of other vascular co-morbidity. DCM, accounting for 50%–80% of deaths in diabetic patients, represents a worldwide problem for human health and related economics. Optimal glycemic control is not sufficient to prevent DCM, which derives from heart remodeling and geometrical changes, with both consequences of critical events initially occurring at the cardiomyocyte level. Cardiac cells, under hyperglycemia, very early undergo metabolic abnormalities and contribute to T helper (Th)-driven inflammatory perturbation, behaving as immunoactive units capable of releasing critical biomediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. This paper aims to focus onto the role of cardiomyocytes, no longer considered as “passive” targets but as “active” units participating in the inflammatory dialogue between local and systemic counterparts underlying DCM development and maintenance. Some of the main biomolecular/metabolic/inflammatory processes triggered within cardiac cells by high glucose are overviewed; particular attention is addressed to early inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, representing potential therapeutic targets for a prompt early intervention when no signs or symptoms of DCM are manifesting yet. DCM clinical management still represents a challenge and further translational investigations, including studies at female/male cell level, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaetano Tanzilli
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza L. de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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78
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Transcript levels for extracellular matrix proteins are altered in MK5-deficient cardiac ventricular fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:164-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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79
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Abstract
Anemia associated with heart failure is a frequent condition, which may lead to heart function deterioration by the activation of neuro-hormonal mechanisms. Therefore, a vicious circle is present in the relationship of heart failure and anemia. The consequence is reflected upon the patients’ survival, quality of life, and hospital readmissions. Anemia and iron deficiency should be correctly diagnosed and treated in patients with heart failure. The etiology is multifactorial but certainly not fully understood. There is data suggesting that the following factors can cause anemia alone or in combination: iron deficiency, inflammation, erythropoietin levels, prescribed medication, hemodilution, and medullar dysfunction. There is data suggesting the association among iron deficiency, inflammation, erythropoietin levels, prescribed medication, hemodilution, and medullar dysfunction. The main pathophysiologic mechanisms, with the strongest evidence-based medicine data, are iron deficiency and inflammation. In clinical practice, the etiology of anemia needs thorough evaluation for determining the best possible therapeutic course. In this context, we must correctly treat the patients’ diseases; according with the current guidelines we have now only one intravenous iron drug. This paper is focused on data about anemia in heart failure, from prevalence to optimal treatment, controversies, and challenges.
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80
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Bertero E, Ameri P, Maack C. Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Heart Failure: Old and New Issues in Cardio-oncology. Card Fail Rev 2019; 5:106-111. [PMID: 31179021 PMCID: PMC6546001 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2019.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main focus of cardio-oncology has been the prevention and treatment of the cardiac toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, several targeted therapies have been associated with unexpected cardiotoxic side-effects. Recently, epidemiological studies reported a higher incidence of cancer in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with individuals without HF. On this basis, it has been proposed that HF might represent an oncogenic condition. This hypothesis is supported by preclinical studies demonstrating that hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is a hallmark of HF, promotes cancer growth and dissemination. Another intriguing possibility is that the co-occurrence of HF and cancer is promoted by a common pathological milieu characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which predisposes to both diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between HF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
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81
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Li X, Li B, Jiang H. Identification of time‑series differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with heart failure post‑myocardial infarction using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5281-5290. [PMID: 31059043 PMCID: PMC6522961 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a public health concern. The current study aimed to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their possible function in HF post-myocardial infarction. The GSE59867 dataset included microarray data from peripheral blood samples obtained from HF and non-HF patients following AMI at 4 time points (admission, discharge, and 1 and 6 months post-AMI). Time-series DEGs were analyzed using R Bioconductor. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, followed by analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). A total of 108 DEGs on admission, 32 DEGs on discharge, 41 DEGs at 1 month post-AMI and 19 DEGs at 6 months post-AMI were identified. Among these DEGs, 4 genes were downregulated at all the 4 time points. These included fatty acid desaturase 2, leucine rich repeat neuronal protein 3, G-protein coupled receptor 15 and adenylate kinase 5. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in ‘inflammatory response’, ‘immune response’, ‘toll-like receptor signaling pathway’ and ‘NF-κβ signaling pathway’. Furthermore, PPI network analysis revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 and interleukin 1β were hub genes. The current study identified candidate DEGs and pathways that may serve important roles in the development of HF following AMI. The results obtained in the current study may guide the development of novel therapeutic agents for HF following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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82
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Zendehdel A, Roham M. Biological evidence of the relationship between
Helicobacter pylori
and associated extragastric diseases. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12128-12140. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zendehdel
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Roham
- Antimicrobial‐Resistant Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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83
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Everett BM, Siddiqi HK. Heart Failure, the Inflammasome, and Interleukin-1β: Prognostic and Therapeutic? J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1026-1028. [PMID: 30846096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Everett
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hasan K Siddiqi
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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84
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DeBerge M, Shah SJ, Wilsbacher L, Thorp EB. Macrophages in Heart Failure with Reduced versus Preserved Ejection Fraction. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:328-340. [PMID: 30737012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing number of individuals living with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Long-term prognosis remains poor in both cases, especially in HFpEF, which is rising in incidence and lacks effective therapeutics. In both HFrEF and HFpEF, there is evidence that elevated inflammatory biomarkers, implicating innate immune cells such as macrophages, are associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Macrophage subsets are active in both inflammatory and reparative processes, yet our understanding of the causative roles for these cells in HF development and progression is incomplete. Here, we discuss recent findings interrogating the role of macrophages in inflammation and its resolution in the context of HF, with a specific focus on HFrEF versus HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Wilsbacher
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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85
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Adam RJ, Xia Z, Pravoverov K, Hong J, Case AJ, Schultz HD, Lisco SJ, Zucker IH, Wang HJ. Sympathoexcitation in response to cardiac and pulmonary afferent stimulation of TRPA1 channels is attenuated in rats with chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H862-H872. [PMID: 30707612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sympathoexcitation characterizes the chronic heart failure (CHF) state. An exaggerated cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributes to this sympathoexcitation. Prior studies have demonstrated that the CSAR to capsaicin [transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 agonist] is exaggerated in CHF animal models. We recently discovered that capsaicin application to the lung visceral pleura in anesthetized, vagotomized, open-chested rats increases mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). We named this response the pulmonary spinal afferent reflex (PSAR). Due to the similarities between TRP vanilloid 1 and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels as well as the excessive sympathoexcitation of CHF, we hypothesized that stimulation of the CSAR and PSAR with a specific TRPA1 agonist would result in an augmented response in CHF rats (coronary ligation model) compared with sham control rats. In response to a TRPA1 agonist, both CSAR and PSAR in sham rats resulted in biphasic changes in MAP and increases in HR and RSNA 10-12 wk postmyocardial infarction (post-MI). These effects were blunted in CHF rats. Assessment of TRPA1 expression levels in cardiopulmonary spinal afferents by immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis 10-12 wk post-MI all indicates reduced expression in CHF rats but no reduction at earlier time points. TRPA1 protein was reduced in a dorsal root ganglia cell culture model of inflammation and simulated tissue ischemia, raising the possibility that the in vivo reduction of TRPA1 expression was, in part, caused by CHF-related tissue ischemia and inflammation. These data provide evidence that reflex responses to cardiopulmonary spinal afferent TRPA1 stimulation may be attenuated in CHF rather than enhanced. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Excessive sympathoexcitation characterizes chronic heart failure (CHF). The contribution of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel-mediated reflexes to this sympathoexcitation is unknown. We found that application of TRPA1 agonist to the heart and lung surface resulted in increased heart rate and sympathetic output and a biphasic change in mean arterial pressure in control rats. These effects were attenuated in CHF rats, decreasing the likelihood that TRPA1 channels contribute to cardiopulmonary afferent sensitization in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Adam
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zhiqiu Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristina Pravoverov
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steven J Lisco
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Han-Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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86
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Wrobel CA, Drazner MH, Ayers CR, Pham DD, La Hoz RM, Grodin JL, Garg S, Mammen PPA, Morlend RM, Araj F, Amin AA, Cornwell WK, Thibodeau JT. Delayed febrile response with bloodstream infections in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Investig Med 2019; 67:653-658. [PMID: 30696751 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Whether CF-LVADs modulate the febrile response to BSIs is unknown. We retrospectively compared the febrile response to BSIs in patients with heart failure (HF) with CF-LVADs versus a control population of patients with HF receiving inotropic infusions. BSIs were adjudicated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. Febrile status (temperature ≥38°C, 100.4 °F), temperature at presentation with BSI, and the highest temperature within 72 hours (Tmax) were collected. We observed 59 BSIs in LVAD patients and 45 BSIs in controls. LVAD patients were more likely to be afebrile and to have a lower temperature at presentation than control (88% vs 58%, p=0.002, and 37°C ±0.7 vs 37.7°C ±1.0, p=0.0009, respectively). By 72 hours, the difference in afebrile status diminished (53% vs 44%, p=0.42), and the Tmax was similar between the LVAD and control groups (37.9°C±0.9 vs 38.2°C±0.8, respectively, p=0.10). In conclusion, at presentation with a BSI, the vast majority of CF-LVAD patients were afebrile, an event which occurred at a higher frequency when compared with patients with advanced HF on chronic inotropes via an indwelling venous catheter. These data alert clinicians to have a very low threshold to obtain blood cultures in CF-LVAD patients even in the absence of fever. Further study is needed to determine whether a delayed or diminished febrile response represents another pathophysiological consequence of CF-LVADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Wrobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark H Drazner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David D Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ricardo M La Hoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Justin L Grodin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sonia Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pradeep P A Mammen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Morlend
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Faris Araj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alpesh A Amin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer T Thibodeau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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88
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van Wezenbeek J, Canada JM, Ravindra K, Carbone S, Trankle CR, Kadariya D, Buckley LF, Del Buono M, Billingsley H, Viscusi M, Wohlford GF, Arena R, Van Tassell B, Abbate A. C-Reactive Protein and N-Terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Correlate With Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Heart Failure Across a Wide Range of Ejection Fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:178. [PMID: 30619885 PMCID: PMC6308130 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a hallmark of heart failure (HF). Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a systemic inflammatory marker, and of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a biomarker of myocardial strain, independently predict adverse outcomes in HF patients. Whether CRP and/or NT-proBNP also predict the degree of CRF impairment in HF patients across a wide range of ejection fraction is not yet established. Methods: Using retrospective analysis, 200 patients with symptomatic HF who completed one or more treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPX) using a symptom-limited ramp protocol and had paired measurements of serum high-sensitivity CRP and NT-proBNP on the same day were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate correlations were evaluated with linear regression after logarithmic transformation of CRP (log10) and NT-proBNP (logN). Results: Mean age of patients was 57 ± 10 years and 55% were male. Median CRP levels were 3.7 [1.5–9.0] mg/L, and NT-proBNP levels were 377 [106–1,464] pg/ml, respectively. Mean peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) was 16 ± 4 mlO2•kg−1•min−1. CRP levels significantly correlated with peakVO2 in all patients (R = −0.350, p < 0.001) and also separately in the subgroup of patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HFrEF, N = 109) (R = −0.282, p < 0.001) and in those with preserved EF (HFpEF, N = 57) (R = −0.459, p < 0.001). NT-proBNP levels also significantly correlated with peak VO2 in all patients (R = −0.330, p < 0.001) and separately in patients with HFrEF (R = −0.342, p < 0.001) and HFpEF (R = −0.275, p = 0.032). CRP and NT-proBNP did not correlate with each other (R = 0.05, p = 0.426), but independently predicted peak VO2 (R = 0.421, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Biomarkers of inflammation and myocardial strain independently predict peak VO2 in HF patients. Anti-inflammatory therapies and therapies alleviating myocardial strain may independently improve CRF in HF patients across a large spectrum of LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie van Wezenbeek
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Justin M Canada
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Krishna Ravindra
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Cory R Trankle
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dinesh Kadariya
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Leo F Buckley
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marco Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hayley Billingsley
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Michele Viscusi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - George F Wohlford
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin Van Tassell
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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89
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Bacelova MG, Nikolova JG, Deneva T, Nikolov PF. Arterial stiffness, plasma atherogenic index and soluble cell adhesion molecules in healthy young adults with reduced physical activity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:357-360. [PMID: 29183155 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1408661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine some anthropometric parameters, arterial stiffness, lipid profile, and soluble adhesion molecules in young adults with reduced physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study is carried on 54 healthy young adults aged 20.97 ± 2.04 years. Two groups: 23 with reduced physical activity (INAC) and 31 with optimal physical activity (AC). Body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), central aortic systolic blood pressure (CSBP, mmHg), plasma atherogenic index (AIP), and serum soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) are followed up. RESULTS CSBP [115.56 ± 10.22 vs. 105.13 ± 9.88*], AIP [-0.04 ± 0.18 vs. -0.08 ± 0.08**] and sICAM-1 [362.5 ± 49.95 vs. 281.75 ± 80.39**] are significantly higher, and BMR [1431 ± 297.9 vs. 1674.6 ± 365.57*] is significantly lower in the physically inactive young healthy adults. CONCLUSIONS CSBP, AIP, and sICAM-1 are higher in young adults with reduced physical activity. This plays substantial role in the acceleration of atherogenic process and in long-term perspective could promote cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Bacelova
- a Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty , Medical University , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Julia G Nikolova
- a Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty , Medical University , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Tania Deneva
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Faculty , Medical University , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Petar F Nikolov
- c First Department of Internal Diseases, Section of Cardiology, Medical Faculty , Medical University , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
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90
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine that occupies an apical place in the inflammatory cascade and also modulates cardiac function, functioning as a soluble cardiodepressant factor. Preclinical research over the past 4 decades has shown that blocking IL-1 processing or activity favorably affects cardiomyocyte survival and cardiac function in experimental animal models, paving the way for clinical studies in patients with heart disease. The promising results of phase II clinical trials of IL-1 blockade in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure have been followed by a successful phase III trial in patients with prior acute myocardial infarction. Three IL-1 blockers with different mechanism of action are currently available for clinical use, although currently none have an indication for heart disease. We herein review the bench-to-bedside clinical translation of IL-1 targeting strategies and discuss the potential use of IL-1 blockade in patients with heart disease.
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91
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Ma ZG, Yuan YP, Wu HM, Zhang X, Tang QZ. Cardiac fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1645-1657. [PMID: 30416379 PMCID: PMC6216032 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. This review discusses specific markers and origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and the underlying mechanism involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Currently, there are no CFs-specific molecular markers. Most studies use co-labelling with panels of antibodies that can recognize CFs. Origin of fibroblasts is heterogeneous. After fibrotic stimuli, the levels of myocardial pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines are increased. These pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines bind to its receptors and then trigger the activation of signaling pathway and transcriptional factors via Smad-dependent or Smad independent-manners. These fibrosis-related transcriptional factors regulate gene expression that are involved in the fibrosis to amplify the fibrotic response. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression, and amplification of cardiac fibrosis are of great clinical significance to find drugs that can prevent the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
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92
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Caiazzo G, Fabbrocini G, Di Caprio R, Raimondo A, Scala E, Balato N, Balato A. Psoriasis, Cardiovascular Events, and Biologics: Lights and Shadows. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1668. [PMID: 30150978 PMCID: PMC6099159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well established a link between psoriasis and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. A series of different overlapping mechanisms including inflammation, homeostasis dysregulation, and genetic susceptibility are thought to underlie this association. Advances in understanding the molecular patterns involved in the complex scenario of psoriasis have highlighted a tight correlation with atherosclerosis. Indeed, common profiles are shared in term of inflammatory cytokines and cell types. In the last decade, the management of psoriasis patients has been revolutionized with the introduction of biological therapies, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-12/23, and IL-17 inhibitors. In clinical setting, the effectiveness of these therapies as well as the incidence of CV events is related to the type of biologics. In particular, anti-TNF-α agents seem to reduce these events in psoriasis patients whereas anti-IL-12/23 agents related CV events reduction still remain to clarify. It has to be taken into account that IL-12/23 inhibitors have a shorter post-marketing surveillance period. An even more restricted observational time is available for anti-IL-17 agents. IL-17 is associated with psoriasis, vascular disease, and inflammation. However, IL-17 role in atherosclerosis is still debated, exerting both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic effects depending on the specific context. In this review, we will discuss the differences between the onset of CV events in psoriasis patients, referred to specific biological therapy and the underlying immunological mechanism. Given the development of new therapeutic strategies, the investigation of these inhibitors impact on heart failure outcome is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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93
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Bestetti RB, Dellalibera-Joviliano R, Lopes GS, Faria-Jr M, Furlan-Daniel R, Lopes KC, Batista DR. Determination of the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cytokine profile in patients with chronic Chagas heart disease and systemic arterial hypertension. Heart Vessels 2018; 34:123-133. [PMID: 30047012 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD affects about 30% of patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD). Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) afflicts about 25% of patients with CCD. The association of CCHD with SAH (CCHD-SAH) predisposes patients to develop chronic heart failure. The role of cytokines in disease progression in patients with CCHD-SAH is unknown. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of cytokines expressing the Th1, Th2, Th17 pattern, as well as Treg cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-7 in patients with SAH-CCHD to get insight into the immunomodulation process in patients with this condition. Fifteen patients with CCHD, 22 patients with CCHD-SAH, and 28 controls were studied. All patients underwent history-taking, physical examination, 12-lead resting ECG, chest X-ray, and Doppler-echocardiogram. Ten of 15 (66%) patients with CCHD, and 16 of 22 (73%) patients with CCHD-SAH had decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (p > 0.05). Cytokines levels were performed on plasma samples using the ELISA method. Overall, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokine levels were increased in patients with CCHD-SAH in comparison to patients with CCHD and controls. However, such a difference was higher regarding IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, IL-12, and TNF-alpha cytokine levels, respectively. Cytokine levels were higher in CCHD patients in comparison to controls. Patients with CCHD-SAH have increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines in comparison with CCHD patients, thus suggesting a higher level of immunomodulation in patients with CCHD-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo B Bestetti
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Prêto, 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Renata Dellalibera-Joviliano
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Prêto, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Lopes
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Prêto, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Milton Faria-Jr
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Prêto, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Furlan-Daniel
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Prêto, 14096-900, Brazil
| | | | - Divino R Batista
- Department of Medicine, UNAERP Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Prêto, 14096-900, Brazil
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94
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Sun XQ, Abbate A, Bogaard HJ. Role of cardiac inflammation in right ventricular failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1441-1452. [PMID: 28957536 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the main determinant of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although the exact pathophysiology underlying RVF remains unclear, inflammation may play an important role, as it does in left heart failure. Perivascular pulmonary artery and systemic inflammation is relatively well studied and known to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the pulmonary vascular insult in PAH. However, less attention has been paid to the role of cardiac inflammation in RVF and PAH. Consistent with many other types of heart failure, cardiac inflammation, triggered by systemic and local stressors, has been shown in RVF patients as well as in RVF animal models. RV inflammation likely contributes to impaired RV contractility, maladaptive remodelling and a vicious circle between RV and pulmonary vascular injury. Although the potential to improve RV function through anti-inflammatory therapy has not been tested, this approach has been applied clinically in left ventricular failure patients, with variable success. Because inflammation plays a dual role in the development of both pulmonary vascular pathology and RVF, anti-inflammatory therapies may have a potential double benefit in patients with PAH and associated RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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95
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Gao M, Lu X, Chen W, Xiao GH, Zhang Y, Yu R, Li J. Randomized clinical trial of physiological ischemic training for patients with coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure: Safety of training, VEGF of peripheral blood and quality of life. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:260-264. [PMID: 29896247 PMCID: PMC5995091 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of a 12-week physiological ischemic training (PIT) programme on safety of training and quality of life (QOL) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with heart failure were evaluated. A total of 30 patients with CHD complicated with heart failure were randomized to either an intervention group (n=15) or to controls (n=15) after baseline testing. A 12-week, 5 times a week, maximum subjective force group PIT was conducted. Safety of the training was measured with ECG and heart rate and blood pressure, QOL was measured using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured with peripheral blood. VEGF and MLHFQ were improved in the intervention group. The finding of the study shows PIT is safe to patients with CHD complicated with heart failure by improving VEGF of peripheral blood and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Hong Xiao
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Yijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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97
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Acute Hyperthermia Inhibits TGF-β1-induced Cardiac Fibroblast Activation via Suppression of Akt Signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6277. [PMID: 29674727 PMCID: PMC5908876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces phenotypic changes in fibroblasts to become myofibroblasts with increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cytokines. It is also known that excessive activation of myofibroblasts accelerates cardiac fibrosis, remodeling, and thus cardiac dysfunction. However, no effective therapy has been established to prevent this process although recent clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hyperthermia in cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism of hyperthermia on TGF-β1-mediated phenotypic changes in cardiac fibroblasts. TGF-β1 increased the expression of IL-6, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). Hyperthermia (42 °C) significantly prevented these changes, i.e., increases in IL-6, α-SMA, and collagen, as induced by TGF-β1 in a time-dependent manner. Immunoblotting showed that hyperthermia decreased Akt/S6K signaling, but did not affect Smad2 and Smad3 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt signaling mimicked these effects of hyperthermia. Furthermore, hyperthermia treatment prevented cardiac fibrosis in Ang II infusion mice model. Putting together, our findings suggest that hyperthermia directly inhibits TGF-β-mediated activation of HCFs via suppressing Akt/S6K signaling.
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98
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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99
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Russell‐Hallinan A, Watson CJ, Baugh JA. Epigenetics of Aberrant Cardiac Wound Healing. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:451-491. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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100
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Kimura A, Ishida Y, Furuta M, Nosaka M, Kuninaka Y, Taruya A, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Protective Roles of Interferon-γ in Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Sustained Pressure Overload. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008145. [PMID: 29555642 PMCID: PMC5907566 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hemodynamic stress-initiated cardiac hypertrophy is important for preventing heart failure. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been suggested to play crucial roles in various diseases other than immunological disorders by modulating the expression of myriad genes. However, the involvement of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy still remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to elucidate the roles of IFN-γ in pressure overload-induced cardiac pathology, we subjected Balb/c wild-type (WT) or IFN-γ-deficient (Ifng-/-) mice to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Three weeks after TAC, Ifng-/- mice developed more severe cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction than WT mice. Bone marrow-derived immune cells including macrophages were a source of IFN-γ in hearts after TAC. The activation of PI3K/Akt signaling, a key signaling pathway in compensatory hypertrophy, was detected 3 days after TAC in the left ventricles of WT mice and was markedly attenuated in Ifng-/- mice. The administration of a neutralizing anti-IFN-γ antibody abrogated PI3K/Akt signal activation in WT mice during compensatory hypertrophy, while that of IFN-γ activated PI3K/Akt signaling in Ifng-/- mice. TAC also induced the phosphorylation of Stat5, but not Stat1 in the left ventricles of WT mice 3 days after TAC. Furthermore, IFN-γ induced Stat5 and Akt phosphorylation in rat cardiomyocytes cultured under stretch conditions. A Stat5 inhibitor significantly suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling activation in the left ventricles of WT mice, and aggravated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS The IFN-γ/Stat5 axis may be protective against persistent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Machi Furuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Taruya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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